Biyngan Prabidhi (Yuwamanch Monthly)

o;/L eof] OG6/g]6sf] ljsf;

;g\ !(^) lt/ ljZjdf b'O{ 7"nf dxfzlQm /fi6«aLr zLto'4 rl//x]sf] lyof] eg] ;Defljt cf0fljs o'4sf] ;Gqf; klg plQs} JofKt lyof] . To;}tfsf cd]l/sL /Iff dGqfno k]06fugn] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ;'b[9u/L ;Defljt vt/faf6 aRg k|To]s ;}lgs :ynb]lv zx/x¿aLr tTsfn} ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] :yfkgf u/]sf] P8efG; l/;r{ k|f]h]S6 Ph]G;L (PRPA) eGg] ;+:yfn] sDKo'6/ g]6js{ la:tf/ u¥of] . Tof] g]6js{sf] gfd ckf{g]6 lyof] .

ckf{g]6nfO{ qmdzM ;'k/ sDKo'6/x¿df hf]8\b} nluof] / cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf j}1flgsx¿n] o;nfO{ pRr ultsf] Ifdtfdf k'¥ofP . To;kl5 of] Pp6f pRr ultsf] On]S6«f]lgs x'nfssf]¿kdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] eof] . To;} qmddf /Iff dfldnf afx]s ckf{g]6af6 cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] cGo of]hgf / Jofkfl/s ;"rgfx¿ ;d]t cfbfg–k|bfg ug{ yfn] .

;g\ !(&& ;Dddf ckf{g]6 lj:t[t eO;s]sf] lyof] / o;df cGo ;fgf g]6js{x¿ klg hf]8\g ;lsg] k|f]6f]sn agfOof], h;nfO{ 6L ;L kL ÷cfO kL elgG5 . ;g\ !(*# df ;}lgs If]qsf] k|of]usf] nflu 5'§} ldNg]6 gfds sDKo'6/ g]6js{sf] Joj:yf ul/of] . To;kl5 ckf{g]6 j}1flgs, z}lIfs nufot cGo hgpkof]uL sfdsf] nflu nf]slk|o eof] .

;g\ !(*% df g]zgn ;fOG; kmfp08]zgn] of] g]6js{nfO{ cd]l/sf aflx/ Nofpg ;kmntf kfof] . o; ;+:yfn] If]qLo g]6js{ dfkm{s ;'k/ sDKo'6/ s]Gb|x¿nfO{ / cd]l/sfsf clwsf+z sn]hx¿nfO{ hf]8\of] . To;kl5 !(*( df ckf{g]6 ljlwjt¿kdf lj36g eof] / of] OG6/g]6sf]¿kdf ljsl;t eof] .

;g\ !(() kl5 g} OG6/g]6sf] ck|Toflzt ljsf; eof] . k|To]s jif{ OG6/g]6df Jofj;flos If]q k|d'v¿kdf cfslif{t eof] . tLj|¿kdf clxn] s/f]8f}+ sDKo'6/x¿ OG6/g]6df cfa4 ePsf 5g\ . of] ljsf;sf] ultn] ;g\ @)@) ;Dddf k|To]s dflg;;Fu Od]n 7]ufgf x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

jN8{ jfO8 j]asf] :jL6\h/Nof08df ljsf; ePkl5 t emg\ OG6/g]6 j/bfg ;flat ePsf] 5 . xfOk/ 6]:s6 ln+sdf cfwfl/t o; j]a dfkm{t ca sDKo'6/ k|of]ustf{n] zAb, cfjfh, /+uLg t:jL/, Plgd]zG; -sDKo'6/af6 lgld{t rnlrq_ nufot rnlrqx¿ ;d]t ;]s]08e/d} k7fpg ;lsg] ePsf] 5 .

k|:t'tstf{ M ;'lgn kf]v/]n

j}1flgs ;f]raf6 o1nfO{ x]bf{

j]bn] o1nfO{ dflg;sf] x/ cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ lj1fg dfg]sf] 5 . cfh lj1fgn] b'lgofFdf h] hlt rdTsf/ b]vfOPsf] 5 tL ;a} rdTsf/ k|frLg dxlif{x¿n] o1åf/f b]vfpg] u/]sf] k|df0f j]b / k'/f0fx¿df kfOG5 . o; n]vdf o1sf] ;+lIfKt j}1flgs cf+sng ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

;+;f/s} k|frLgtd u|Gy CUj]bsf] k|fb'ef{j;Fu} o1sf] k/Dk/f rn]sf] b]lvG5 . o1sf] ;DaGw k|f0fL hLjgsf] k|ToIf / k/f]If b'j} lsl;dn] ;Dks{ /fVg] ;"o{ ls/0f;Fu /x]sf] b]lvG5 . j]bsf] d'Vo dGq ufoqLsf] ;DaGw klg ;"o{ pkf;gf;Fu} /x]sf] kfOG5 . cyf{t\ j]bn] o1df, o1n] ;"of]{kf;gfdf / ;"o{n] k|f0fL hLjgdf 7f]; of]ubfg lb+b} cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

o1af6 cfGtl/s / jfXo jftfj/0f z'4 x'G5 . o1n] clUgs'08df xjg ul/Psf] h8La"6L Pj+ jgf}ifwLx¿nfO{ jfikLs[t u/L dfgj z/L/df k|j]z u/fpF5 . dfgj z/L/df k|j]lzt jfikLe"t jgf}ifwLx¿ kmf]S;f] x'Fb} dl:tis;Dd k'Ub5 / cfˆgf] k|efj b]vfpg yfNb5 . 7f];eGbf t/n / t/neGbf jfik clws zlQmzfnL x'G5 eGg] s'/f xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . o;af6 klg cf}ifwL ;]jgeGbf zf/Ll/s c+u zf]wgsf] nflu o1af6 lg:sg] jfikLs[t jgf}ifwLx¿ a9L k|efjsf/L x'g] s'/f] :jtM k'li6 x'G5 . o;n] kl;gfsf] dfWodaf6 z/L/leqsf] s}of}+ ljiffQm tTjx¿nfO{ aflx/ ˆofSb5 . kmn:j¿k z/L/sf] c+ux¿ :j:y / tGb'?:t x'gk'Ub5 .

o1 jfo' kl/jt{gb]lv kof{j/0f z'4Ls/0f / z/L/ z'4Ls/0fb]lv jiff{ u/fpg] sfo{df ;d]t plQs} dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . o1sf] clUgaf6 jfo' tftf] x'G5 . jfo' tft]kl5 vfnL ePsf] :yfgdf lr;f] jfo' cfpg yfNb5 / jfo'kl/jt{g x'g] ub{5 . clg oxL jfo' kl/jt{g g} jiff{sf] k|d'v sf/0f aGg k'Ub5 . o; afx]s o1af6 gLnf], /ftf] / kx]+nf] ls/0f lg:sg] ub{5 . h'g ls/0f cfo'lj{1fgsf] b[li6n] lgs} dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . kx]+nf] /+udf gfO6«f]hg, sfa{g, clS;hg, j]l/od, SoflN;od, :6'li6od, s]8ldod sf]jfN6, Dofulgh, l6olgod, cfNd'lgod, qmf]ldod, kmnfd, lgsn, tfdf / h:tf kfOG5 . h;n] cfFvfåf/f z/L/df k|j]z u/L z/L/sf] s}of}+ ljB't pmhf{sf ls/0fx¿af6 ;'if'Dgf gf8LnfO{ k|efljt agfpg] ub{5 . ToxL+af6 ;a} rqmx¿df k'u]/ dfgl;s pQ]hgfnfO{ zfGt kfb{5 . o;af6 s}of}+ C0ffTds ;dfg / 3gfTds ljB't pmhf{ ;d]t kfpg ;lsG5 . o;afx]s o1n] csf{jlgs of}lusx¿nfO{ sfa{lgs of}lusdf abNg] sfd ;d]t ub{5 .

o1n] jfo' k|b"if0fnfO{ /f]s]/ k|f0ftTjnfO{ a9fpg ;lsG5 . jfo'd08ndf ljBdfg s]xL ls6f0f' tftf]af6 / s]xL ls6f0f' lr;f]af6 db{5 . o:tf ls6f0f'x¿sf] ljgfzsf] nflu o1sf] pidfaf6 pTkGg tfkqmd / o1fGt :gfgsf] lztntfn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . 3[txjgaf6 lg:s]sf] o1 jfikn] afFsL ljiffn' ls6f0f'x¿ gi6 ub{5 .

o1af6 x'g] nfe cgGt 5 . o1 ljb\x¿sf cg';f/ o1sf] nfenfO{ zAbn] ;Ldfj4 ug{ vf]Hg' ;"o{nfO{ xftn] 5f]Kg vf]Hg' h:t} b]lvG5 . h;/L a|Xdf08nfO{ cgGt dflgG5 To;}u/L o1sf] kmn klg cgGt 5 . j]bn] o1åf/f cg]s rdTsf/ b]vfpg ;Sg] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . j]bjl0f{t dw'ljwf gfds o1nfO{ ljlwk"j{s ;DkGg ubf{ u/La JolQm wgL / ;'s]sf] ¿vnfO{ xl/of] agfpg ;d]t ;lsg] b]lvG5 . t/ o1df rflxg] ;fdfu|L rog / ckgfpg' kg]{ lgodsf] af/]df eg] plQs} Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

;fdfGotof xjg ;fdfu|Ldf ufO{sf] £o", ;Sv/, sk"/, u'Uu'n, b]jbf?, rGbg, kfg, ;'kf/L, gl/jn, h6fd;L, uf]/f]rg, Njfª, cn}+rL, ;'s'd]n, dVvg, hf}, rfdn, ltn, t]hkq, cu/, cfFk, lkkn, a]n, sbd, t'n;L, cdnf, cfFs zdL, s'z, vo/, b'af], ckfdfu{, cu|fv, 8'd|L, kFnf; cflb k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg 5 . t/ s:tf] o1sf] nflu s'g s'g rLh k|of]u ug]{ eGg] s'/f] eg] s'zn cfrfo{sf] ;Nnfx lng'kb{5 . To;}u/L xjgs'08sf] cfs[lt, gfk, tf}n, lbOg] cfx'tL, j/0f ul/g] a|fXd0fsf] ;+Vof, lbg / of]Uotfdf klg plQs} Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .

o1n] dflg;sf] gsf/fTds ;f]r / ljrf/nfO{ gi6 ub{5 . z/L/ :j:y / km'lt{nf] aGb5 . sfddf pT;fx j[l4 x'G5 / 3/df wg ;DklQ a9\b5 . ;dodf jiff{ eP/ cGg k|z:t kmNb5 . jftfj/0f z'4 eO{ /f]u JofwL x/fpF5 . o1sf] cjz]ifaf6 df6f] z'4 eO{ pj{/fzlQm a9\b5 . o1 s'08sf] w"Fjf jftfj/0fdf JofKt eO{ jfo'd08naf6 lgu]l6e rfh{ x'G5 . o;af6 afbn aGb5 / jiff{sf] sf/0f aGb5 . Go"6gsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ o1df xjg ul/Psf] ;fdfu|L w"jfF ag]/ hn aGb5 / ;f]xL hn cGgsf]¿kdf dflg;nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . cfOG:6fOgsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ o1df k|of]u ePsf] ;fdfg ¿k abn]/ k/df0f'¿kn] jfo'd08ndf km}lnG5 / kmf]S;f] tyf z/L/sf] /f}+ /f}+df k'u]/ nfe k'¥ofpF5 .

– s]=kL= l/hfn

ufdf ls/0fsf] cWoogn] s] gtLhf Nofpnf <

;"o{sf] ls/0f Pj+ k|sfz xfd|f] nflu clt dxTjk"0f{ 5 . of] cToGt} pmhf{ gePdf Ps lsl;dn] xfd|f] hLjg c:tJo:t g} x'G5 . ;"o{sf] ls/0f xfd|f] z/L/sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ tTj xf] . o; cltl/Qm ;"o{sf] tfkn] xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ zf/Ll/s tfkqmdsf lx;fan] ;Gt'ng /fVg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]nL xfd|f] hLjgnfO{ lhpFbf] agfPsf] t 5 g} . of] eGbf cem dxTjk"0f{ s'/f o;sf] k|sfzn] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL hut\nfO{ slt kmfObf lbPsf] 5 Tof] sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . sNkgf u/f}+, ;"o{ gePsf] eP lbg / /ft x'g] g} lyPg, dfq /ft}/ft x'GYof] xf]nf . xfd|f] hghLjgnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf /fVg tyf ef}lts ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ ;f}o{ pmhf{ hlt dxTjk"0f{ 5 TolQs} dxTjk"0f{ k|f0fLx?sf] nflu ;f}o{ ls/0f hLjgs} pmhf{ xf] . xf], xfd|f] ;f}o{d08nsf] pmhf{zlQmsf] s'/f ubf{ ;a}eGbf pmhf{jfg\ ls/0f s'g xf]nf < ;fdfGo ;"o{ ls/0f k|sfz k/fa}+ugL ljls/0f / PS;–/] cflbeGbf klg zlQmzfnL Pj+ pmhf{jfg\ ls/0f ufdf ls/0f xf], h'g ls/0f ljls/0fsf] ;jf{lws pmhf{jfg\¿k dflgG5 . t/ of] sxfFaf6, s;/L, s'g¿kn] cfpF5 / o;sf] d"n ;|f]t s] xf] eg] o;sf /x:osf ;DaGwdf j}1flgsx¿ clxn];Dd Plsg ;fy eGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . t/ xfnsf lbgx¿df j}1flgsx¿ o;sf] cWoogdf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . cfpg';\ oxfF o;}af/] rrf{ u/f}+ .

ufdf ls/0f dflg;x¿sf] ;fdfGo hLjgdf pkof]udf Nofpg ;lsPdf of] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ pmhf{sf]¿kdf :yflkt x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . of] ls/0f ;f}o{d08nsf s'g} klg ls/0fsf] ljls/0feGbf ;jf{lws pmhf{jfg\ Pj+ zlQmzfnL dflgG5 . To;}n] of] ls/0fnfO{ xfd|f] sf]/f cfFvfn] b]Vg ;ls+b}g . To:t} of] k|sfz k/fa}+ugL ljls/0f tyf PS;–/] eGbf klg w]/} zlQmzfnL dflgG5 . ufdf ls/0fx¿sf] lj:kmf]6nfO{ ufdf /] a:6{ cyf{t\ hL=cf/=aL= klg elgG5 . of] j}1flgsx?sf nflu Ps dxTjk"0f{ Pj+ 7"nf] /x:osf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . / o; ;DaGwdf j}1flgsx¿n] cufl8 cWoog ug{sf] nflu ;3fp k'Ug] s]xL tYo kQf nufPsf 5g\ . ufdf ls/0fx¿sf] lj:kmf]6kl5sf] To;sf] rds b'O{ dlxgf;Dd /xg;Sg] s'/f j}1flgsx¿n] xfn} kQf nufPsf 5g\ . o;}sf cfwf/df j}1flgsx¿ o; ls/0fsf] cWoogdf h'6\g] / cGttM ;kmntf klg kfpg] s'/fdf cfzfjfbL ag]sf 5g\ .

vuf]n j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ ufdf ls/0f s]xL dfqfdf / s]xL ;]s]08;Dd dfq /xg] ub{5 . cf};t¿kdf k|To]s lbg s]xL ;]s]08;Dd dfq /xg] ub{5 . cf};t ¿kdf k|To]s lbg s]xL ;]s]08;Dd dfq ufdf /] a:6{ /xg ;Sb5 . o;sf] cy{ xfdLn] clxn];Dd w]/} sd dfqfdf dfq hL=cf/=aL= kQf nufPsf 5f}+ . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ of] zlQmzfnL pmhf{ ufdf /] a:6{ t'ngfTds b[li6af6 Ps gofF k|lqmof xf] h'g kQf nufpg lgs} d'lZsn kb{5 . pgLx¿sf cg';f/ Pp6f hL=cf/=aL= df ;dflxt x'g] pmhf{ zlQm xfd|f] k[YjLsf] ;d:t hLjgnfO{ Wj:t kfg]{ Ifdtf /xG5 h'g xfd|f] ;f}o{d08ndf o:tf] ;Defjgf nfvf}+df Ps x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

j}1flgsx¿sf] clxn];Ddsf] lgrf]8 of] 5 ls pmhf{ Pj+ zlQmsf] dfdnfdf hL=cf/=aL= lau a}+u cyf{t\ To;sf] lj:kmf]6kl5 csf]{ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . oxfF :d/0f /xf];\ xfd|f] a|Xdf08sf] ;[hg dxf lj:kmf]6 -lau a}+u_ åf/f ePsf] dflgG5 . clxn];Ddsf] vf]h cg';f/ o; lsl;dsf] zlQmzfnL ufdf ls/0f cGtl/Ifsf] s'g} klg :yfg cfpg ;Sb5 . t/ of] ls/0fsf] ;|f]t s] xf], sxfF, s;/L s'g¿kn] lj:kmf]6 eP/ s'g lsl;dn] cfpF5 eGg] s'/f clxn];Dd s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . To;}n] j}1flgsx¿ oL ;a} s'/fsf] cWoog u/L of] /x:o ;'N‰ofpg Pp6f of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ / Tof] ;a} kQf nufpg a]nfotsf j}1flgsx¿n] b'O{j6f To:tf cTofw'lgs b"/aLg agfpFb} 5g\ .

cGtl/Ifdf ufdf ls/0fx¿sf] /x:o kQf nufpg la|l6z j}1flgsx¿n] gf;fsf] pku|xnfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg] of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ . o; of]hgf cg';f/ gf;f ;+:yfsf] :jLˆ6 gfds pku|xåf/f cGtl/Ifdf hL=cf/=aL= kQf nufO{ la|l6z lgld{t tL b'O{ b"/aLgnfO{ ufdf ls/0fx¿sf] lj:kmf]6sf] ;|f]tdfly s]lGb|t u/]/ To;s]f ;a} t:jL/ Pj+ cfFs8f k|fKt ul/g] 5 . gf;fsf] pQm pku|x lgs} ultjfg / km"lt{nf] 5 h;n] cGtl/Ifsf] ^ j6f efudf k|j]z u/L sfd ug{ ;fdy{jfg\ ePsf] atfPsf] 5 .

gf;fsf] pQm pku|x ;g\ @))# df 5f]8\g] of]hgf 5 . o;sf] nflu la|l6z b"/aLg ;g\ @))@ ;Dd tof/ u/L ;'lDkg] 5 . vuf]nljb\x¿sf cg';f/ Ps k6s hL=cf/=aL= kQf nufPkl5 pQm pku|x &) ;]s]08leq} cf]l/kf]l6 3'd]/ cfkm} ufdf ls/0fsf] pmhf{ ;|f]tdf s]lGb|t eO{ cfFs8f Pslqt ug]{5 . lj:kmf]6sf] l:yltsf] ;"rgf k[YjLl:yt j]wzfnfx¿sf] g]6js{df k7fpg] 5 / tL ;"rgfx¿sf] cfwf/df pmhf{–lj:kmf]6x¿kl5 kg]{ jfnf k|efjx¿sf] af/]df j}1flgsx¿n] lj:t[t cWoog ug]{5g\ . gf;fn] cfˆgf] tLgjif{sf] bf}/fgdf of] of]hgfaf6 sdLdf Ps xhf/ hL=cf/=aL= kQf nufpg ;kmn x'g] nIo klg lnPsf] 5 .

– xl/k|;fb e§/fO{åf/f

of] klg hfgL /fvf}+

jfkmn] rNg] /]nuf8Lsf] k'gM k|of]uM– clttsf /]nuf8Lx¿ jfkmn] rNg] ub{y] . ;':t ultdf rNg] / a9L k|b"if0f o'Qm ePsf]n] tL OlGhgx¿ k"0f{tof aGb x'g] cj:yfdf k'u] klg oL ;fwgx¿sf] cem} pHHjn eljZo /x]sf] s'/f] jfkmn] rNg] ;jf/L ;fwg pBf]udf sfo{/t OlGhlgo/ /h/ efn/ eG5g\ . pgsf] -/h/ efn/_ sDkgLsf] cf7j6f jfkmn] rNg] su /]nx¿ cfNk; kj{tdf rnfpg klg yflnPsf] 5 . To:t} efn/n] xfn cGo /]nx¿ rNg] 7fpFdf rnfpg ldNg] u/L s]xL aGbf]a:t klg u/]sf 5g\ . of] /]nuf8Ln] sf]Onfsf] ;§f OGwgsf] nflu k]6«f]n k|of]u u5{ / k|b"if0f sd x'G5 . o; /]nuf8Ldf 3if{0f sd ug{ /f]n/ j]l/ª rnfpg'sf] ;fy} pmhf{ arfpg /fd|f] OG;'n];g k|of]u ul/G5 . efn/ eG5g\ – o;sf] k|of]u ;:tf] x'g'sf] ;fy} l8h]n /]nuf8Ln] jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/ kfb}{g .

a9L Jofofd ubf{ vt/f M– Jofofd ug'{ d'6' / kmf]S;f]sf] nflu /fd|f] xf] . t/ rflxg] eGbf w]/} Jofofd ubf{ x8\8Lx¿ sdhf]/ eO{ pd]/ 9Nsb} uPkl5 y'k|} ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg x'g;S5 . wfjsx¿ / a9L s;/t ug]{x¿nfO{ cTolws vt/f x'G5 . w]/} P/f]ljS; jf g[To ug]{ o'jtLx¿sf] x8\8L b'Vg] / pd]/ 9lNsPkl5 x8\8L ;DaGwL /f]uaf6 kLl8t x'g] ;Defjgf a9L ePsf] kfOG5 . t/ :Sjf; tyf 6]lg; v]nx¿ x8\8L alnof] kfg]{ Psbd} pkof]uL v]n x'g\ . o'lgel;{6L sn]h ckm n08gsf] x8\8L s]Gb|sf k|d'v dfOsn x6{gn] Jofofd / :jf:Yo aLr ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg o'jfx¿n] w]/} Jofofd gu/L o:t} pkof]uL v]n v]Ng cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\ . x6{gsf] egfO{ cg';f/ w]/} Jofofd ubf{ s]xL ;do;DdnfO{ t kmfObf u5{ t/ kl5 o;n] tL o'jfx¿nfO{ g/fd|f] kl/0ffd ef]ufpF5 .

dl:tis sf]lifsfx¿ af/] gofF cWoog M– dgf]lrlsT;f tyf :gfo'zf:qsf k|fWofks 8f= d]l/lng c6j6{sf] egfO{ cg';f/ dl:tissf] k|To]s efudf sf]lifsfx¿ lbgx'F gi6 x'G5g\ eg]/ xfdLn] ;f]Rg] uof}+ t/ To;f] xf]Og . j[4 x'Fb} uPkl5 tkfO{+sf] s]xL sf]lifsfx¿ cjZo gi6 x'G5g\ . t/ dl:tissf] ;a} efudf geO{ s]xL efux¿df dfq gi6 x'G5g\ . o;afx]s dflg;x¿n] j[4 x'Fb} uPkl5 gofF Go"/f]gx¿ pTkGg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eg]/ nfdf] ;dob]lv ljZjf; ul/+b} cfPsf] s'/f lg/fwf/ xf] eGg] s'/f] klg gf]e]Da/ !((* sf] ;fOlG6lkms cd]l/sgn] l/kf]6{ u/]sf] 5 . :gfo' ljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/ j[4 dflg;x¿n] ;d]t ;of}+ Go"/f]gx¿ pTkGg ug{ ;S5g\ .

;+sng M u0f]zk|;fb nfld5fg]

adsf] pb\ej Pj+ ljsf; qmd

Ps c+u]|h leIf's /f]h/ j]sgåf/f lnlvt k':ts 'The Secret of Art and Nature' sf cg';f/ adsf] Oltxf; ;g\ !@$% df cf/De ePsf] xf] . leIf's j]sgn] sf]Onf, uGws tyf ;f]8fsf] Ps ld>0fnfO{ clUgsf] ;Dks{df NofPkl5 ;f] cfuf] k|Hjlnt x'Fbf o;df 7"nf] Wjlg tyf sDkg pTkGg ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] adsf] cfljisf/sf] >]o leIf's /f]h/ j]sgnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .

jf?b Ps ljikmf]6s kbfy{ xf], h'g w]/} kbfy{sf] Ps of}luu klg xf] . of] /f;folgs lqmof k|xf/ 3if{0f cflbaf6 l56f] ljikmf]6 x'g] ub{5 . o; k|lqmofdf of}lusx¿sf] c0f' pQ]lht -Excite_ x'G5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k To;df k|sfz Pj+ tLj| Wjlg pmhf{ pTkGg x'G5 .

rf}wf}+ ztfAbLdf hd{gLsf] Go'/]dju{ lgjf;L leIf's jN6f]{N8 låtLo jfh{ lyP . pgL cToGt} bofn' lyP . ;fy} /f]uLx¿sf] ;]jf ub{y] . Ps c;fWo /f]usf] lrlsT;fsf] nflu pgL cf}ifwL agfO/x]sf lyP . o;} qmddf uGws, ;f]8f tyf sf7sf] sf]Onf tyf v/fgLnfO{ ld;fP/ To;df cfuf]sf] ;Dks{ Nofpg] lalQs} Ps eofgs ljikmf]6 eof], h;af6 pgL eolet eP . pgn] of] ld>0fsf] u'0fsf] cWoog ug{ k|f/De u/] . o; cWoogsf] cfwf/df cfUg]o c:qnfO{ tf]k elgof] .

;g\ !%)) O{= df xftaf6 ;+rflnt tf]knfO{ Jojx[t ul/of] . ;g\ !*$% df hd{gsf /f;fogljb\ lqmZrg ;g\ jLgn] Gun Cotton gfds Ps ljikmf]6s kbfy{sf] cGj]if0f u/], h'g Hofb} zlQmzfnL tyf 3fts lyof] . o;af6 …gfO6«f] lUn;l/gÚ gfds Ps of}lus kbfy{ k|o'Qm lyof] . o;sf] vf]h ;g\ !*$% df g} P:s]lgof] ;fj]|/Ln] u/]sf lyP . ;dosf] cGt/fn;Fu} ;g\ !**^ df :jL8]gsf Ps /;fogljb\ PNk|m]8 gf]a]nn] …8fogfdfO6Ú sf] vf]h u/], h'g ljikmf]6s Pj+ ljWj+zs /Xof] . o;df gfO6«f] lUn;l/gnfO{ Ps cGo /f;folgs of}lus …sLhne/Ú df ldnfOG5 . o;/L cg]s zf]wsfo{sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k ljleGg k|sf/sf dxfljWj+zs cfw'lgs ad agfOG5 . bf];|f] ljZjo'4df k/df0f' adsf] qf;bLaf6 hfkfgsf] lx/f]lzdf / gfsf;fsLsf dflg;x¿ kl/lrt 5g\ . o;df o'/]lgod ;b[z tTjdf ultzLn Go'6«f]gaf6 k|ltlqmof u/L j[xt¿kdf pmhf{ pT;lh{t ul/G5 . o; pmhf{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{sf] nflu cjdGbs (Heavy Water, D2°) k|o'Qm x'G5 . o;n] Go"6«f]gnfO{ cjzf]lift ub{5 . o; cjdGbsdf uxlsnf] kfgL (Heavy Water, D2°) Pj+ s]8ldon 58 Jojx[t x'G5 .

– df]xg l3ld/]

ca vfB kbfy{n] g} hLg kl/jt{g ug]{

bf];|f] ;x;|fAbLsf] cGt;Dddf cfOk'Ubf ljZjdf w]/} rdTsfl/s ljsf; x'g'sf ;fy} j}1flgs ljljw pknlAwn] cu|:yfg kfPsf] 5 . oxL lznzLnfdf z'? x'g] t];|f] gofF ;x;|fAbLsf pknIodf klg log} pknlAwsf af/] dflg;x¿ clxn];Dd rrf{–kl/rrf{ tyf eljiojf0fL u/]sf 5g\ . h] xf];\ j}1flgs pknlAwsf ;DaGwdf o; bf];|f] ;x;|fAbLleq cg]sf}+ rdTsfl/s sfo{ ePsf 5g\ . h;df b'O{ dt 5}g . oxL qmddf j}1flgsx¿n] hLg kl/jlt{t u/]/ s[lif If]qdf x'g] Ps rdTsfl/s pknlAw :j¿k uf]N8]g /fO; cyf{t :j0f{ rfdnsf] pTkGg u/]sf 5g\ h'g rfdn htftt} ;xL¿kdf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsPdf s'g} klg dflg; le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdLaf6 cGwf] x'Fb}g . cfpg';\ oxfF xfn} j}1flgsx¿n] ljsl;t u/]sf] hLg kl/jlt{t o; rfdnsf ;DaGwdf rrf{ u/f}+ .

;do o:tf] 5 h'g agfOlbPsf] jf kQf nufOPsf] s'/f cyf{t\ kmd'{nfsf e/df dfgjLo hLjg ef}lts ;'v Pj+ ;DaGw ca ;Dej 5}g . cfh;Dd j}1flgs pknlAwx¿ dfgjLo hLjgnfO{ ef}lts pkof]u Pj+ ;xhtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] lgs} ;xh agfOlbPsf] lyof] . t/ casf] pknlAw oL s['/fdf ljZjf; ug]{ dfq geO{ ca k|ofKt ;'ljwfdfq xf]Og, cfjZos dfqfsf] hLjgkof]uL s'/fsf pknlAwnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ :j¿k lnOg yflnPsf] 5 . To;}n] j}1flgsx¿ s'g} If]q h:tf] :jf:Yo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt s'/fdf ca cf}ifwL pTkfbg u/]/ pkrf/ xf]Og tfsL Tof] /f]u cfpg} glbg / To; lsl;dsf] /f]u pTkGg g} x'g gkfpg] u/L To;sf] cfjZos tTj k|fs[lts¿kd} vfB kbfy{åf/f ;+efljt ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ nflu /x]sf 5g\ . o;} qmddf j}1flgsx¿ rfdndf le6fldg …PÚ tTj /xg] u/L hLg kl/jlt{t rfdn pTkfbg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . le6fldg …PÚ o'Qm rfdnsf] ef]hgåf/f ca o; tTjsf] sdLaf6 cfFvf b]Vg g;Sg]x¿ ;bf b]Vg ;Sg]5g\ .

s/La !) jif{ hlt nfdf] ;do nufP/ cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L kQf nfu]sf] of] hLg kl/jlt{t rfdnsf] gd"gf tof/ ug{ hlt ;do Joltt ug{ k¥of], To;sf] cg'kftdf o; cWoogsf] nfut klg sd 5}g . of] cWoogsf] nflu ;fgf–ltgf vr{ s6fP/ s/La !) s/f]8 8n/ vr{ ePsf] atfPsf] 5 . l:jh/Nof08l:yt Ps cWoog bnn] u/]sf] of] cg';Gwfgaf6 ca ljZjdf s/La @) nfv afnaflnsfx¿ d[To'sf] ;+3f/af6 aRg ;Sg] / TolQs} yk dfqfdf dflg;x¿ le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdLsf sf/0f x'g] cGwf]kgaf6 ;'/lIft x'g ;Sg] gofF cfzfsf] ls/0f knfP/ uPsf] 5 . oxfF :d/0f /xf];\ ls ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] Ps cg'dfg cg';f/ le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdLaf6 k|To]s jif{ kfFr jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf @) nfveGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

ljZjdf aL6f–s}/f]l6gnfO{ le6fldg …PÚ sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] Pj+ k|d'v ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf dflgG5 . h'g dflg;df of] le6fldgsf] tTj sdL x'G5 To;sf] cfFvfn] sd b]Vb5 / cGtt pm g]qxLg /f]usf] lzsf/ x'g ;d]t ;Sb5 . o; lsl;dsf] vf]haf6 ljz]if u/L Pl;ofnL d'n'ssf dflg;x¿ a9L nfeflGjt x'g] b]lvG5 .

Pl;ofnL d'n'ssf gful/sx¿ le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdLaf6 cToflws dfqfdf lzsf/ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . o; pknlAwaf6 k|efljt x'Fb} cfly{s ljsf; ljz]if1x¿sf] dfGotf of] 5 ls hLg kl/jlt{t le6fldg …PÚ o'Qm rfdnn] c/af}+ dflg;x¿sf] :jf:Yodf cfZro{hgs¿kn] ;'wf/ ug]{5 .

OG6/g]zgn /fO; l/;r{ OlG:6Ro'6åf/f o; pknlAwaf6 pT;flxt x'Fb} of] s'/f ;d]t JoQm ul/Psf] 5 ls ljZje/df s'kf]if0faf6 lzsf/ x'g] ;a} dflg;x¿nfO{ o;sf] cf}ifwL k"0f{¿kdf lbg ca ;Dej 5}g . To;}n] xfd|f] nflu ca Pp6f To:tf] ef]hg kbfy{ tof/ ug'{kg]{ t8sf/f] ¿kdf dx;'; ul/Psf] lyof], h'g le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdLaf6 Tof] ;d:of k"/f ug{ ;lsof];\ . ca of] ;kgf k"/f x'g yfn]sf] 5 / xfn}sf] of] pknlAwaf6 o;sf] ;dfwfg e]l6Psf] 5 .Æ pgLx¿sf cg';f/ xfn} kQf nufOPsf] kmd'{nf :j¿k gofF o; rfdnaf6 h}ljs k|f]Bf]lusLsf ;DaGwdf c¿ j[l4 ug{ ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw x'g]5 .

j}1flgsx¿n] le6fldg …PÚ o'Qm o; lsl;dsf] rfdnnfO{ …uf]N8]g /fO;Ú cyf{t\ :j0f{ rfdnsf]¿kdf gfdfs/0f u/]sf 5g\ . o; lsl;dsf] rfdnsf] /+u kx]+nf] 5 . h'g rfdndf lj6fs}/f]l6g tTj a9L dfqfdf kfOG5 . o; lsl;dsf] rfdn pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu o;sf] la?jfdf tLg lsl;dsf hLgx¿sf] k|Tof/f]k0f ug'{kb{5 . o;} k|Tof/f]k0fo'Qm rfdnsf] la?jfaf6 jL6f–s}/f]l6go'Qm rfdn pTkfbg x'g] 5 .

– afa'/fd cfrfo{

oL zAbn] s'g s'g lj1fgnfO{ a'emfpF5g\ <

dkmf]{nf]hLM– s'g} klg c+usf] ¿k / agfj6 af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

lx:6f]nf]hLM– tGt'x¿sf] agfj6 af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

;fO6f]nf]hLM– sf]if / sf]ifleqsf ljleGg efux¿sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Pgf6f]dLM– s'g} hLjgsf] lr/kmf/åf/f To;sf] leqL :j¿k af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

lkmlhof]nf]hLM– s'g} hLjgsf] c+u / k|0ffnLx¿sf] sfo{af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

OlDaof]nf]hLM– e"|0fx¿sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Kofn]G6f]nf]hLM– cjz]ifsf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Koflnof]jf]6fgLM– jg:klt cjz]ifsf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Koflnof]h'nf]hLM– hLj–hGt' cjz]ifsf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Osf]nf]hLM– ;hLj / jftfj/0f aLrsf] ;DaGw cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

lhof]nf]hLM– k[YjLsf] e"Tjs -aflx/L efu_ cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

h]g]l6S;M– cfg'j+lzs / ljleGgtfaf/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg

6\ofS;f]gf]dLM– ;hLjx¿sf] k|lqmof jlu{s/0f / gfdfs/0f ug]{ lj1fg .

dfOqmf]jfonf]hLM– ;"Id hLjx¿sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Oef]n';g M– e"t / jt{dfg ;hLj k|f0fLx¿sf] pTklQ, ljleGgtf / ltgLx¿ aLrsf] ;DaGw cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

lqmof]jfonf]hLM– cToGt sd tfkqmddf ;hLjsf] ;+/If0f af/]df cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

sfl8{of]nf]hLM– d'6' / o;sf ljljw v/faL af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Kofyf]nf]hLM– ;hLjnfO{ ljljw sf/0fn] ubf{ nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Oyf]nf]hLM– hGt'x¿sf] Jojxf/sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

o'h]lgS;M– dfgj ljsf; ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

OG6f]df]nf]hLM– sL/fkm6\ofª\u|fx¿sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

sf]G8f]nf]hLM– sfl6{n]h ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

cli6of]nf]hLM– xf8x¿ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

8df{6f]nf]hLM– 5fnf / o;sf] /f]ux¿ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

O08f]qmfOgf]nf]hL M– xdf]{g / gnLljlxg u|GyL ;lxt xdf]{gsf sf/0fn] x'g] v/faL af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

x]lNdGyf]nf]hLM– k/hLjL sL/fx¿ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

ODo'gf]nf]hLM– ljleGg /f]ux¿sf] k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtfaf/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

kf/fh'nf]hLM– :kf]Gh af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Dofnfsf]nf]hLM– ;LkLx¿ af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

sGsf]nf]hLM– z]n -s8f cfj/0f hLjsf]_ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

cfy|f]nf]hLM– hf]gL{x¿af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

kmd]{sf]nf]hLM– cf}ifwL, To;sf] pTklQ, agfj6 / c;/ af/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

OSYof]nf]hLM– df5f / peor/ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

xk]{6f]nf]hLM– ;l/;[k ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

;k]{G6f]nf]hLM– ;k{ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

;f}/f]nf]hLM– 5]kf/f], dfp;'nL ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

clg{yf]nf]hLM– r/fx¿ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Ol6of]nf]hLM– /f]usf sf/0fx¿ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

PGy|f]kf]nf]hLM– afFb/ / dflg; ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg

cKYofNdf]nf]hLM– cfFvf ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

g]k|mf]nf]hLM– d[uf}nf ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg

;]/f]nf]hLM– /utsf] PlG6h]g / PG6La8L gfds t/n kbfy{x? ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

lg8f]nf]hLM– r/fx¿sf u'F8 / -af;:yfg_ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

h]g]sf]nf]hLM– hg;+Vofsf] j+zf0f'ut ;+/rgf / Jojxf/ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

cf]8f]G6f]nf]hLM– bfFtx¿ / lu+hfx? ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

qmf]lgof]nf]hLM– vKk/sf xf8 ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

ldof]nf]hLM– df+zk]zL ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

6«pDof6f]nf]hLM– 3fpx¿ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

Go"/f]nf]hLM– dfgl;s k|0ffnL / o; ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

6«fOsf]nf]hL M– skfn -/f}+ _ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

h]/f]G6f]nf]hLM– j[l4 ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

h]/f6f]nf]hLM– c;fdfGo e'|0f ljsf; ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

ld/]d]sf]nf]hLM– sldnf ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

6lS;sf]nf]hLM– cf}ifwLsf] ljiffb c;/ / c¿ xflgsf/s j:t' ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

c+sf]nf]hLM– SofG;/ ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ lj1fg .

– ab|Lk|;fb e08f/L

rfn' ;x;|fAbLsf] s]xL cGtl/If of]hgf

cGtl/If cg';Gwfgsf] klxnf] kfOnf] ¿;n] rfn]sf] eP klg cd]l/sfn] a9L ;kmntf kfPsf] 5 . xfn cd]l/sL :k]; Ph]G;L gf;f ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf :k];df dfgj j:tL a;fpg hf]8 tf]8n] nfu]sf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ ¿;;Fu ldn]/ d+undf dfgjj:tL a;fpg em08} @)) jif]{ of]hgf cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . oxfF o;} of]hgfsf] d'Vo d'Vo emfFsL k|:t't 5 .

d+un u|xdf 6]/f kmfd]{zg ckm df;{ gfds a:tL a;fpg ?; / cd]l/sfn] ;+o'Qm¿kdf ;+rfng ug{ nfu]sf] o; of]hgfnfO{ ljleGg ^ r/0fdf afFl8Psf] 5 . o; of]hgfsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ dfq em08} !% jif{ nfUg] cg'dfg 5 . k"jf{wf/ tof/ kfg{sf] nflu o; cjlwdf ;g\ @))! df df;{ ;j]{o/ gfds b'O{ ofg ;g\ @))^ ;Ddsf] nflu ;g\ @))# df csf]{ df;{ ;j]{o/ b'O{ ofg ;g\ @))^ ;Ddsf] nflu ;g\ @))% df k'gM csf]{ df;{ ;j]{o/ gfds b'O{ ofg ;g\ @))* ;Ddsf] nflu cGtl/Ifdf k7fOg] of]hgf 5 . oL ofgx¿n] lgwf{l/t nIo k"/f u/]df ;g\ @)!% b]lv k|yd r/0fsf] of]hgf z'? x'g]5 .

k|yd r/0f @)!%–@)#) M k|yd r/0fsf] o; cjlwdf s/La Ps bh{g dflg;nfO{ d+undf k7fOg] 5 / pgLx¿n] ToxfF a;]/ kof{j/0fsf] ;"Id cWoog / cfufdL r/0fsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;/n agfpg cfjZos ;'ljwf h'6fpg] k|of; ug]{5g\ .

bf];|f] r/0f @)#) – @)*) M– bf];|f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmd %) jif{sf] x'g]5 . o; r/0fsf] p2]Zo d+unnfO{ k[YjLh:t} v]tLof]Uo agfpg k|of; ul/g] /x]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf s/La !) xhf/ j}1flgsx¿nfO{ ToxfF k7fOg] 5 . pgLx¿n] d+undf agfOPsf] s[lqd a:tLdf a;]/ sfd ug]{5g\ .

t];|f] r/0f @)*)–@!!% M– #% jif{sf] o; r/0fsf] p2]Zo d+unsf] jfo'd08nnfO{ dfgjf]kof]uL agfpg] k|of; ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . olta]nf;Dd ToxfF %) xhf/ dflg;nfO{ ptfg]{ of]hgf 5 .

rf}yf] r/0f @!!%–@!#) M– !% jif{sf] o; r/0fsf] sfo{qmdn] d+unsf] jftfj/0f / jfo'd08nnfO{ kl/kSj agfO{ ToxfF gbL, emLn, tnfp, zx/, ahf/, c:ktfn, xf]6nx¿ agfpg' /x]sf] 5 . olta]nf;Dd d+unsf] cfjfbL # nfv;Dd k'Ug] cg'dfg 5 .

kfFrf} r/0f @!#)–@!%) M– @) jif{sf] o; r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo d+unnfO{ k[YjLh:t} x/fe/f agfpg' /x]sf] 5 . olta]nf k[YjLdf h:t} d+undf af]6, la?jf / kmnkm"nsf] au}+rf tof/ eO;s]sf cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . em08} !) b]lv !% nfv;Ddsf] cfjfbL x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] o; cjlwdf d+un u|xdf k[YjLdf h:t} v]tLkftLsf] k|lqmof z'? ul/g]5 .

5}7f}+ r/0f @!%) – @!&) M– @) jif{sf] o; r/0fnfO{ 6]/fkmfd]{zg ckm df;{sf] cflv/L r/0f dflgPsf] 5 . o; r/0fsf] p2]Zo d+unnfO{ k"0f{¿kn] k[YjLh:t} agfpg' /x]sf] 5 .

PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf cGtl/If cg';Gwfg ug{ cGo d'n'sn] klg rf;f] b]vfPsf 5g\ . o;df hfkfg, O+uNof08 / O6fnL cflb d'n's kb{5g\ . hfkfgn] $) s/f]8 8n/sf] cGtl/If cg';Gwfgsf] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . l;lng gfds hfkfgL o; of]hgfsf] p2]Zo rGb|dfsf] cg';Gwfg ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))# af6 z'? x'g] hfkfgsf] of] of]hgf @))% ;Dd rfn' /xg] 5 . o; afx]s hfkfgn] k[YjLsf] glhs /x]sf] If'b| u|xsf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ;g\ @))@ df Do';]; ;L gfds cGtl/Ifofg k7fpg] klg of]hgf agfPsf] 5 .

O+uNof08n] klg ;g\ @))! df Ps rGb|ofg cGtl/Ifdf k7fpg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . $)) lsnf]u|fdsf] o; ofgn] rGb| ;txdf ljBdfg xfO8«f]hg c0f'x¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ 5 . o; cleofgaf6 rGb|dfsf] a/kmsf] /x:o v'Ng] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @))% df O6fnL / k|mfG;sf] ;xof]udf o'/f]lkog :k]; Ph]G;Ln] ln8f gfds ofg rGb|df k7fpg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . s/La $) s/f]8 8n/ vr{ x'g] o; cleofgn] rGb|dfsf] blIf0fL w'|jsf] 3fF6Lsf] Jofks cWoog ug]{ of]hgf 5 . To;}u/L gf;f, O6flnog / o'/f]lkog :k]; Ph]G;Ln] ldn]/ zlg u|xsf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ csf]{ of]hgf cufl8 ;fl/;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))% df rfn' /xg] o; of]hgfn] zlg u|xsf] /x:o kQf nufpg] k|of; ug]{5 . o; cleofg cGtu{t sl;dL gfds ofg zlgdf k7fO;lsPsf] 5 . o; ofgn] kl5 uP/ zlgsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] rGb|df 6fO6gdf uP/ vf]h ug]{ 5 . 6fO6g k[YjLh:t} ePsf]n] o;af6 k|fKt hfgsf/Ln] k[YjLsf] klg yk /x:o kQf nfUg] cg'dfg 5 . sl;dLn] zlgsf] w"nf], UofF; cflbsf] af/]df ;"rgf Psq ug]{ 5 .

gf;fn] Kn'6f]sf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ csf]{ of]hgf klg cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . gf;fsf j}1flgsx¿n] o;sf] nflu Kn'6f] PS;k]|; gfds ofg tof/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))@ df k7fOg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] o; ofgn] @)!$ ;Dd sfo{ ug]{ cfzf ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] p2]Zo Kn'6f]sf] ;+/rgf / p;sf] rGb|dfsf] ;txsf] lrq lng' / ToxfFsf] jfo'd08nsf] vf]h ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ w'ds]t' jf If'b| u|x k[YjL jf cGo u|xsf] efu ePsf]n] o;af6 a|Xdf08sf] ljleGg /x:o kQf nfUg] cfzf j}1flgsx¿sf] 5 . To;}n] o;sf] nflu gf;fn] lgo/ gfds ofg 5f]8]sf] lyof] eg] xfn l8k :k]; ! gfds ofgdfly sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} jfON8 6' gfds w"ds]t'sf] w"nf] / cGo ;fdu|L ;+sng ug{ :6f/8:6 gfds ofg k7fpg] sfo{qmd klg plQs} hf]8tf]8n] rln/x]sf] 5 . o; afx]s o'/f]lkog :k]; Ph]G;Ln] /f]h]g gfds w"ds]t'sf] vf]hjLgsf] nflu csf]{ of]hgf klg agfPsf] 5 . s'n !) jif{;Dd sfo{ ug]{ cg'dfg /x]sf] Nof08/ / cflj{6/ lsl;dsf] ToxfF k7fOg] ofgnfO{ ;g\ @))# df cGtl/Ifdf k7fOg] sfo{qmd 5 .

k|:t'lt M w'|j ;fksf]6f

hfgL /fvf}+

rs]{sf] l;;fsf] efu lsg rlDsnf] x'G5 <

l;;f rs]{sf] cj:yfdf l5b| aGg k'Ub5 . To; :yfgdf l5b| aGgfn] rs]{sf] vfnL efudf xfjf el/G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ha l;;fsf] ;Dk"0f{ efudf k|sfz kb{5, To;a]nf cGo efuaf6 k|sfz ;lhn};Fu jf/kf/ x'g ;S5 . t/, of] rs]{sf] xfjf el/Psf] :yfgaf6 k|sfz k/fjt{g x'G5 . o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] rs]{sf] efudf ljBdfg xfjfsf] 3gTj sd x'G5 hasL l;;f cfkm} a9L 3gTjsf] x'G5 . o;} sf/0fn] k|foM h;f] rs]{sf] l;;f rlDsnf] x'G5 .

kfgLdf lkmg]n 3f]Nbf kfgL lsg ;]tf] b]lvG5 <

lkmg]n -xfO8«f]lS;n a]l~hg_ sfa{lgs of}lus xf] . of] kfgLdf k"0f{¿kn] 3'Nb}g . o;nfO{ dWod 3'ngzLn dflgG5 . o;nfO{ ha kfgLdf ld;fOG5 ta of] ;–;fgf a'Fbdf kl/0ft x'G5 / OeN;g tof/ x'G5, h'g b"w h:tf] ;]tf] /+usf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] lkmg]nsf] 3f]n ;w}+ ;]tf] jf b"lwnf] x'G5 .

/ut au]sf] 7fpFdf lkm6\ls/L nufpFbf lsg /ut /f]lsG5 <

rf]6k6s nfUbf z/L/af6 /ut aUb5 . olb /Qm>fj rfFb} g} /f]lsof] eg] t 7Ls} 5 t/ nfdf] ;do;Dd /Qm>fj /f]lsPg eg] la/fdL JolQm dg{ klg ;S5 . t;y{ t'?Gt /Qm>fjnfO{ /f]Sg h?/L 5 . /Qm>fjnfO{ tTsfn} /f]Sg'k/]df lkm6\ls/Lsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lkm6\ls/L …PNDo'lgod ;Nkm]6Ú sf] nj0f xf], h;n] /utnfO{ la:tf/} hdfpg tyf ;+s'lrt kfg{ ;Sb5 . o;sf/0fn] ubf{ /ut au]sf] 3fpdf lkm6\ls/L nufpFbf :jtM /ut aUg /f]lsG5 .

jiff{ofddf kfgL k/]kl5 hdLgaf6 ;'uGw lsg cfpF5 <

udL{ ;dodf hdLgdf kfgLsf] yf]kf kgf{;fy df6f]af6 ;'uGw cfpg] ub{5 . lsgsL To:tf] ;dodf df6f]df /x]sf] Ps k|sf/sf] hLjf0f' pQ/bfoL x'G5 . of] hLjf0f'nfO{ :6«f]G6f]dfOl;l/; elgG5 . of] hLjf0f' ;'Vvf udL{df clws dfqfdf df6f] dfly x'G5 . Ps lrD6L df6f]df nfvf}+ ;+Vofdf of] hLjf0f'x¿ /x]sf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f ha ;'Vvf df6f]df kfgL k5{ ta kfgL / hLjf0f' ldn]kl5 Pp6f gofF of}lus aGb5 . tfk / lr;f]sf] sf/0f p8]sf] jfik ;'uGwsf]¿kdf km}lnG5 .

3fp lgsf] x'g] a]nfdf lsg lrnfpF5 <

3fp lrnfpg'sf] d'Vo s/f0f lx:6fdfOg gfds /f;folgs tTj xf], h;n] gzfsf] 6'Kkfdf -3fp ePsf] 7fpFdf hxfF gzf l5g]sf x'G5g\_ ;lqmo /x]/ cfˆgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ . lx:6fdfOg cldgf] Pl;8 lx:6fdfOgn] k}bf ug]{ sfaf]{gsf] k|sf/ xf], h'g tGt'x¿df /Qm e08f/ a9fpg sfo{/t /xG5 . ha AofS6]l/ofsf] cfqmd0f, kf]nfO jf /f;folgs kbfy{sf sf/0f 3fp x'g k'U5 / ToxfFsf tGt'x¿ ;'lgg yfN5g\ . To;kl5 ToxfF df:6/ sf]ifaf6 lx:6fdfOg ldl;G5 . clg /Qmk|jfx a9\5 / 3fp j/k/sf /QmgnLx¿n] a9L /ut ;f]:g yfN5g\ . o; afx]s Jof;f]lkmn gfds ;]tf /Qmsf]ifx¿sf] j[l4 x'g yfN5 . Jof;f]lkmndf t'ngfTds ¿kdf Hofbf g} lx:yfdfOg kfOG5 . Jof;f]lkmnsf ;fy} j/k/sf lx:6fdfOgn] 3fpsf gzfx¿sf] 6'Kkf]nfO{ pQ]lht kfb{5 . clg xfdL lrnfPsf] cg'ej u5f}{ .

k|:t'lt M x'daxfb'/ v8\sf …k|eftÚ

s;n] slxn] s] cfljisf/ u/] <

– dxfg\ j}1flgs cNj6{ cfOG:6fOgn] ;g\ !()% df ;fk]Ifjfbsf] ljz]if l;4fGt / ;g\ !(!% df ;fk]Ifjfbsf] ;fdfGo l;4fGt k|sflzt u/]sf x'g\ .

– ;a}eGbf a9L j}1flgs vf]h tyf cfljisf/ ug]{ Pp6} dfq j}1flgs yf]d; PNjf Pl8;g x'g\ . pgsf] !)(# j6f cfljisf/ s[ltx¿ btf{ ePsf 5g\ .

– rnlrq / ljh'nLsf] lrdsf] cfljisf/s dxfg\ j}1flgs yf]d; PNjf Pl8;g cfˆg} gfd klg la;{g] j}1flgssf¿kdf ;d]t ljZjdf rlr{t 5g\ .

– k|fs[lts 5gf}6 l;4fGtsf k|ltkfbs rfN;{ /a6{ 8fla{g x'g\ . rfN;{ 8fla{gsf] rlr{t s[lt Origin of Peice xf] . pQm s[lt ;g\ !*%( gf]e]Da/ @$ df k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] .

– ljB't zlQmsf cfljisf/s dfOsn km/f8] x'g\ . pgsf] hGd ;g\ !&(! ;]K6]Da/ @@ df a]nfotdf ePsf] lyof] .

– j}1flgs cfls{ldl8h u|L;sf] ;L/fSo'; gfds zx/df hGd]sf lyP . cfls{ldl8hn] ;a}eGbf klxn] 7"nf 7"nf ;+Vofx¿sf af/]df n]Vg / k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ b]vfPsf lyP .

– j}1flgs cfls{ldl8hn] 7f]; kbfy{x¿sf] af/]df klg lgs} g} dxTjk"0f{ cg';Gwfgx¿ u/]sf lyP . pgn] w]/}h;f] 7f]; kbfy{sf] cfotgsf] af/] kQf nufPsf lyP . pgn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] cfotgsf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df kfgLhxfhsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . pg}n] kQf nufPsf] uf]nfy{sf] cfotgsf] cfwf/df kl5sf j}1flgsx¿ ;"o{, rGb|df, k[YjL cflb u|xx¿sf] tf}n kQf nufpg ;kmn ePsf lyP .

– ;nfO{ :jL8]gsf h]=O{= n'08i6«dn] ;g\ !*#! df cfljisf/ u/]sf x'g\ .

– lqmi6f]km/ ;f]N;n] ;g\ !*&@ df 6fOk/fO6/sf] cfljisf/ u/]sf x'g\ .

– 'Biology' zAbsf] k|ltkfbg / k|rng h]g n]dfs{n] u/]sf x'g\ .

– PlG6;]lK6s zNolrlsT;fsf k|0f]tf hf];]km ln:6/ x'g\ .

– /f]ux¿sf] d'Vo ;|f]t ;"Id lhjf0f' xf] eg]/ kQf nufpg] k|mfG;sf j}1flgs n'O; kfZr/ x'g\ . pgn] ;g\ !*%$ df jfo'd08ndf /x]sf ;"Id lhjf0f'x¿sf ;+b"if0f geO{ s'g} s'/faf6 klg lhjf0f'x¿ :jtM pTklt x'g ;Sb}g eGg] tYonfO{ cfˆgf] k|of]uåf/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf lyP .

– jg:kltdf klg k|f0f x'G5 eg]/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ j}1flgs ef/tsf hulbz rGb| af]; x'g\ . pgsf] hGd ;g\ !*%* gf]e]Da/ #) df ePsf] lyof] .

– /]l8of]sf cfljisf/s u'lUnNdf] dfsf]{gLnfO{ dflgG5 . t/ xfn} OlG:6Ro'6 ckm On]S6«f]lgS; P08 On]lS6«sn OlGhlgo;{sf j}1flgsx¿sf] Ps ;d"xn] dfsf]{gLn] k|of]u u/]sf] /]l8of] ;+s]tnfO{ vf]hL ug]{ To; ;+j]bgzLn pks/0fsf] ;j{k|yd cfljisf/ ;/ hulbz rGb| af];n] u/]sf x'g\ eGg] s'/f k|sfzdf NofPaf6 k|yd /]l8of]sf cfljisf/s jf:tjdf dfsf]{gL geO{ hulbz rGb| af]; x'g ;Sg] atfOG5 .

– la|6]gsf j}1flgs P8j8{ h]g/n] lakm/ /f]usf] lj?4 vf]ksf] cfljisf/ u/]sf lyP .

– ;g\ !*(^ df k|mfG;sf j}1flgs x]g/L o]Sj]/tfn] /]l8of] PlS6lel6 kQf nufPsf lyP .

– k]|;/ s's'/sf cfljisf/s k|mflG;;L j}1flgs 8]lg; k'uLg x'g\ .

– Kof/f;'6sf cfljisf/s n'O; P;= x'g\ .

– k[YjL uf]nf] cfsf/sf] 5 egL 3f]if0ff ug]{ dxfg\ j}1flgs kfOyfuf]/; x'g\ .

– dxfg\ j}1flgs sf]k/lgs;n] ;"o{nfO{ k[YjLn] kl/qmdf ub{5 egL kQf nufPsf lyP .

– cfg'j+lzs lgodsf k|jt{s hf]g u]|u/ d]08n cli6«ofsf kfb/L leIf' x'g\ . pgsf] hGd ;g\ !*@@ h'nfO{ @@ df ePsf] lyof] . t/ pgsf] d[To'sf] !^ jif{kl5 dfq pgsf] cfljisf/ ljZj;fd' phfu/ eof] / pgL dxfg\ j}1flgssf] ¿kdf :yflkt eP .

– dflg;sf] z/L/leq d'6' rln/x]sf] 5 / /Qm;+rf/ d'6'af6 g} x'G5 egL kQf nufpg] j}1flgs ljlnod xfd]{ x'g\ . pgsf] hGd O+UNof08df ;g\ !%&* df ePsf] lyof] / pgn] !^!^ df pQm tYo kQf nufPsf lyP .

– 6]lnkmf]gsf cfljisf/s cn]Sh]08/ u|fxd j]n x'g\ . 6]lnkmf]gdf ;j{k|yd af]lnPsf] jfSo 'Mr. Wat son come here, I want you" xf] . h'g :jo+ u|fxd j]nn] af]n]sf lyP .

– PS;/]sf cfljisf/s ljNx]Nd sf]gf8{ /f]i6h]g x'g\ .

– /utsf] ;d"xsf] juL{s/0f ;j{k|yd cli6«ofsf j}1flgs sfn{ n}8fl:6g/n] u/]sf x'g\ .

– ydf{ld6/sf cfljisf/s hL=8L= km/]gxfO6 x'g\ .

– x;{ kfj/sf] z'?jft h]D;jf6n] u/]sf x'g\ .

– 6]lnu|fkmsf cfljisf/s Samuel Morse x'g\ .

– sndsf cfljisf/s n'O; O= jf6/Dofg x'g\ .

– l8h]n OlGhgsf cfljisf/s ?8f]Nkm l8h]n x'g\ .

– sf]sf–sf]nfsf cfljisf/s 8f= hf]g k]Dj/6g x'g\ .

– ;a}eGbf klxn] /]l8of] k|;f/0f ;g\ !(!^ clk|n @% df 8lAngdf ePsf] lyof] .

– 6]lnlehgsf cfljisf/s :s6Nof08sf j}1flgs hf]g nf]lu a]o8{ x'g\ . pQm cfljisf/ ;g\ !(@% df u/]sf x'g\ .

– clxn];Dd k|fs[lts / s[ltd ul/ hDdf !)% j6f tTjx¿ km]nf k/]sf 5g\ .

– d]lgGhfOl6; /f]usf] ls6f0f'sf] gfd g];]l/of d]lgGhfOl6; xf] . pQm lhjf0f' ;g\ !**& df laS;]njd eGg] lrlsT;sn] kQf nufPsf lyP .

– cS;kmf]8{ ljZjljBfnosf 8f= s]6nj]nn] k]k/8\df]ysf] cWoogaf6 æk|s[ltdf To:tf k|f0fLsf] k|fKtLsf] a9L ;Defjgf 5 h;n] kl/j[lt jftfj/0f cg's"n agfpg ;s]sf x'G5g\ .Æ eGg] l;4 u/] .

– hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ c+z xfd|f] z/L/sf] sf]lzsfdf kfOg] l8 Pg P gfds hLg xf] . o;sf] ;+/rgf af/]df tYo km]nf kfg]{ j}1flgs cd]l/sfsf jf6;g / lqms x'g\ .

;+sns M s[i0f e'h]n

;'/Iff hfFrnfO{ e/kbf]{ kfg]{ k|ljlw

s'g} klg d'n'ssf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf slt k|efjsf/L 5 eGg] s'/f To; d'n'ssf] k|To]s OsfOdf ckgfOPsf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yfåf/f PsLg ug{ ;lsG5 . d'n'ssf] zflGt ;'/Iff ug]{ qmd;Fu} oL ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;+oGqx¿nfO{ dha"t agfOPsf] x'G5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ljleGg d'n'sdf ljleGg lsl;dn] ck/fwsf gofF gofF 36gf 3l6/x]sf x'G5g\ . log} gofF ck/fwsf gofF tf}/tl/sf adf]lhd tL kQf nufpg] Pj+ ;'/Iff ug]{ gofF gofF ;+oGqx¿sf] ljsf; klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cem egf}+ gofF Pj+ cTofw'lgs ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfpFbf ckgfpFb} klg To:tf s]xL ck/fw 3l6 xfNb5g\ h:tf] xfnsf lbgdf ePsf ljdfg ckx/0f ljleGg dfu /fvL xjfO hxfh ckx0f ug]{ g/fd|f] /f]un] cfhsf] ljZj u|:t 5 . o;/L ckx/0f ubf{ ck/fwLx¿n] ljleGg xftxltof/sf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ . t/ cfZro{sf] s'/f xjfO p8\8og OsfO h:tf] clt ;Dj]bgzLn ;'/Iff k|0ffnL ckgfOPsf] sIfaf6 s;/L tL cj}w kbfy{ Pj+ xftxltof/ kf; x'g ;S5g\ < of] k|Zg clxn] ;j{q plAhPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;fy} xfn} o;sf] gofF ;'/Iff ;+oGq klg ljsl;t ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . oxfF o:t} ;'/Iff hfFr ;DaGwL ljsl;t Ps ;+oGqsf af/] oxfF rrf{ ul/G5 .

xfd|f] g]kfndf xfn;fn} ePsf] ef/tLo ljdfg ckx/0fn] ubf{ xjfO p8\8ogsf] ;'/Iff k|0ffnLdf c¿ ;hutf / gofF gofF ;'/lIft k|ljlw ckgfpg'kg]{ dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . t/ pQm ljdfg ckx/0f xfd|f] ;'/Iff k|0ffnL;Fu dfq lhDd]jf/ ePsf] dflg+b}g . h] h;f] eP tfklg cfˆgf] ;'/Iff k|0ffnL c¿ dha"t kfb}{ hfg' / ;se/ To:tf 36gf cfˆgf] d'n's;Fu ;se/ ghf]l8g] lsl;dn] ljz]if ;r]ttf ckgfpg' eg] cTofjZos 5 . To;}n] /fHosf k|To]s ;+j]bgzLn OsfOsf cltl/Qm cGt/f{li6«o xjfO sIf h:tf] clt ;Dj]bgzLn If]qdf ;'/Iff hfFr Joj:yfnfO{ dha"t kfg'{k5{ h;sf] nflu gofF gofF ;'/Iff k|ljlwx¿nfO{ klg xfd|f] d'n'sn] ckgfpFb} hfg' cfjZos 5 . t/ wGbf gdfgf}+ xfn a]nfotdf ;'/Iff hfFrsf] nflu Ps To:tf] k|ljlw ljsl;t ul/Psf] 5, h'g k|ljlwsf sf/0f ck/fwLx¿ aRg w]/} d'lZsn kg]{ 5 .

of] ;'/Iff hfFr k|ljlw olt;Dd ;'/lIft x'g] 7flgPsf] 5 ls s'g} klg JolQmn] n'sfO{–l5kfO{ nu]sf xft–xltof/ jf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ;lhn} kQf nufpg ;lsg] lsl;dsf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] pks/0fn] To:tf ;+lbUg j:t' n'sfO{ z+s} ug{ g;lsg] u/L nUg yfn] klg z/L/sf] n'uf cyf{t\ sk8f e]b u/L k'/} b]vfpg] Ifdtf /fVb5 . sk8fleq ePsf] s'g} klg j:t' b]lvg] u/L n'uf e]b\g] lgDg :t/Lo ljsL/0fsf] k|of]u o; pks/0fdf ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|ljlwåf/f s'g} klg JolQmsf] h:tf];'s} n'uf nufP klg k"/} z/L/ b]Vg ;lsg] atfOPsf] 5 .

a]nfotl:yt /]lk:s}g sDkgLåf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] of] cTofw'lgs ;'/Iff hfFr pks/0f ut cS6'a/ dlxgfdf k|yd k6s la|6]gsf] u}6ljs xjfO sfof{nodf kl/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; lsl;dsf] pks/0f Pp6f b/fh h:tf] d]lzgsf] cfsf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] pks/0fn] ljleGg lsl;dsf nfu" cf}ifw, lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ cflbsf cltl/Qm aGb's tyf xftxltof/sf ;–;fgf kf6{–k"hf{x¿ klg ;lhn};Fu b]vfpg ;Sg] 5 / o;sf] cfwf/df ck/fwLnfO{ ;dod} kqmg ;lsg] 5 .

o; k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ;'/Iff hfFrsf] ;DaGwdf lgs} kmfObf k'¥ofP klg o;åf/f JolQmsf] k'/} zf/Ll/s cfs[lt cflb ;d]t b]vfOlbg] x'gfn] cGo ;j{;fwf/0f dflg;nfO{ of] k|ljlw Tolt dg gkg]{ cfz+sf klg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . cd]l/sL s:6d ljefun] ^ j6f xjfO c8\8fdf of] k|ljlw s]xL ;dob]lv k|of]udf NofPsf] lyof] . t/ of] s'/fsf] e]b cGo ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lyPg . cd]l/sL ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] gLlt cg';f/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ s:6d ljefuaf6 To; ;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] klg lyPg . xfn ;f] s'/fsf] cyf{t\ pQm k|ljlw k|of]udf NofOPsf] ljifoaf/] s:6d ljefun] :jLsf/]sf] 5 . o;kl5 eg] of] k|ljlw ;j{;fwf/0fsf lgldQ k|of]udf Nofpg] ;DaGwL /f]s nufpg sfg'gL¿kdf sf/jfxL klg cufl8 a9fpg yflnPsf] 5 . To:t} ;/sf/L:t/af6 klg o; ;DaGwdf k|ltlqmof lnO{ ;f]xL cg';f/ ul/g] cfZjf;g ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .

sDkgLn] xfn} o; ;j{;fwf/0fsf] k|ltlqmofnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} Ps To:tf] ;ˆ6j]o/sf] k|of]u ub}{5g\ h;n] z/L/sf c+ux¿sf] t:jL/ k|i6 gb]lvg] u/L b]vfO{ lbg] / n'ufleq l5kfO{ nUg nfu]sf To:tf cj}w j:t'x¿nfO{ eg] x'ax' b]vfOlbg]5 . o;af6 ;j{;fwf/0fsf] JolQmut dfldnfdf Tolt bvn gk'Ug] / ;Dj]bgzLn ;'/Iff hfFr OsfOdf klg k|efjsf/L sfo{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfzf u/f}+, xfd|f] d'n'ssf] k|d'v xjfO c8\8fsf cltl/Qm dxTjk"0f{ 7fpFdf ;'/Iff hfFrsf] nflu o; lsl;dsf] k|ljlw leTofO To:tf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{, nfu" cf}ifw cflb nufot cj}w xftxltof/ cf];f/–k;f/ ug{ /f]s nufpg k|efjsf/L aGg ;sf];\ .

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