sdvr{df alnof] / cfsif{s 3/ agfpg] xf] <

k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ;fdflhs, cfly{snufot dfgj lqmofsnfksf ultljlwdf kl/jt{g NofO{ ;/n, e/kbf]{ / sd vlr{nf] agfpgdf ;3fp k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;do / ljsf;sf] ult;Fu} dfgj hLjgsf b}lgs lqmofsnfknfO{ ;/n agfpg ljZjs} j}1flgsx¿ lg/Gt/ gofF–gofF k|ljlwsf] vf]h, cg';Gwfg / ljsf;df lg/Gt/ nflu kl//x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L, g]kfnsf ljleGg If]qdf ;+nUg ljz]if1x¿ klg cf–cfˆgf] If]qdf cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg 5g\ / sltn] ;kmntf klg k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o:t}, gofF k|ljlwsf] vf]h / cg';Gwfgsf qmddf xfd|f] u|fdL0f tyf zx/L If]qdf lgdf{0f ul/g] 3/sf] k|ljlwdf ;/n, sd vlr{nf] / hf]lvd/lxt ;'wfl/Psf] cfw'lgs 3/sf] ljsf;df s'n]Zj/sf e"jg]Zj/nfn k|wfgn] ;kmntf k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 5 . pQm k|ljlwsf] cfwf/df dfgjsf nflu cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] ;"rLdf kg]{ jf;:yfgsf] lgdf0f{df :yfgLo:t/sf ;fdu|Lsf] pkof]u u/L :yfgLo JolQmn] g} sd vlr{nf], bl/nf], e/kbf]{ / cfsif{s Pjd\ hf]lvd/lxt 3/ lgdf{0f ug{;Sg' 7"nf] pknlAw dfGg'k5{ .

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] ejg ljefunufotsf cGo If]qdf @@ jif{ nfdf] cg'ej xfl;n u/L xfn cjsf; hLjg latfO/xg' ePsf k|wfgn] cg';Gwfgsf qmddf gd'gfsf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f ug'{ePsf o:tf ejg lgdf{0f ;fdu|L hf] sf]xLn] klg sf7df8f}+ s'n]Zj/sf] pxfFsf] cfˆg} 3/sf] d"n9f]sf vf]n]/ k;]kl5 b]Vg;S5 . sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf / yf]/} dfq hUuf ePsf JolQmsf nflu Jojl:yt, cfsif{s / cfw'lgs 3/ k|ljlw ckgfPdf ;/n sd vr{df xfd|} ufpF3/df pknAw ;fdu|Laf6 lgdf{0f ug{;lsg] cg';Gwfgstf{ e"jg]Zj/nfn k|wfg atfpg'x'G5 .

cfw'lgs, sd vlr{nf], cfunfuLaf6;d]t sd hf]lvd / :jf:Yosf b[li6n] klg lgs} nfebfos /xg;Sg] k|ljlw ;'wfl/OPsf] 3/df /x]sf] wf/0ff k|wfgsf] 5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5 æt/fO{ tyf u|fdL0f If]qsf em08} !) xhf/eGbf a9L 3/kl/jf/ cfunfuLsf] rk]6faf6 a;]{lg sËfn x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . /, To; hf]lvdnfO{ sd ug{ klg of] k|ljlwn] ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 .Æ o:tf] ;'wfl/Psf] ejg l;/fxf lhNnfdf klg z'? ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . o:tf] cfw'lgs tyf ;'wfl/Psf] sd vlr{nf] k|ljlw zx/L If]q / u|fdL0f If]qdf km/s–km/s /x]sf 5g\ .

zx/L If]qsf] k|ljlw M

zx/L If]qdf x'g] ejg lgdf{0f k|ljlw k/Dk/fut ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u / ;'wf/Ls/0fdf ul/+b} cfPsf] vr{n] lgdf{0f nfut lgs} dxFuf] x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . o;/L a9\bf] lgdf{0f vr{nfO{ s;/L sd ug{{ ;lsG5 eGg]tkm{ eGbf cfw'lgstfsf] z}nLtkm{ dfq Wofg lb+bf zx/L If]qdf ;fdfGo ju{n] lgdf{0f vr{ wfGg g;Sg] l:yltdf g} k'u]sf] cj:yfdf ;j{;fwf/0f ju{n] sd vr{df cfw'lgs alnof] / cfsif{s 3/ agfpg;Sg] k|ljlwn] ;fdfGo ju{sf nflu s]xL /fxt ldNg;Sg] cg';Gwfgstf{ k|wfgsf] ljZjf; 5 . To:t}, sd vr{df cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] 3/ sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if;Fu ldn]/ kf]v/f zx/df lgdf{0f u/L cg'ej / ;kmntf k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ . cfw'lgs 3/ lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] l;d]G6, O{+6f, afn'jf, lu§L, sf7 cflb x'Fb} cfPsf]df xfnsf] ;'wfl/Psf] sd vlr{nf] k|ljlwdf klg oxL ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . cfw'lgs sd vlr{nf] k|ljlwdf uf/f] lgdf{0fdf O{+6fsf] 7fFpdf l;d]G6, afn'jf / ;–;fgf] 9'Ëfsf] 6'qmfaf6 …lhª anÚ lgdf{0f u/L To;}af6 nufOG5 . o;af6 uf/f] lgdf{0fdf sd nfUg], Nkf:6/ ug'{ gkg]{, O{+6fsf] d"NoeGbf of] cem sd kg{;Sg] pxfFsf] bfjL 5 . o;;Fu} ‰ofn 9f]sfsf] rf}sf];sf] cnfjf l;d]G6sf] lh° Anssf] k|of]u, 5fgf 9nfO ubf{ ;–;fgf aLd lgdf{0f ug]{, l;d]G6sf] :Nofj agfP/ tL aLdsf] ;xf/fdf /fVg] clg dflyaf6 PsO~r hlt 9nfO ubf{ cGo 3/eGbf alnof] x'g] k|wfgsf] bfjL 5 . To;af6 3/sf] cfsif{0fdf klg km/s cfpFb}g .

ufpF–ufpFdf lah'nL k'¥ofpg] csndfg gsdL{

;'Gbf cgf}7f] nfUb}g t/ sfd rflxF cln crDdsf] 5 . kfgL3§sf] ¿kdf rSsfnfO{ 3'dfpg] t klxn]b]lv g} rlncfPsf] xf] . 3§af6 Pp6} dfq sfd lng ;lsGYof], ux'F, ds} cflb lk:g] . t/ ToxL k|ljlwaf6 c¿ zlQm lgsfNg sfd rflxF gofF xf] . klxn] cGg dfq} lkFWg] 3§ ca ax'p2]zLo eP/ To;af6 lah'nL;d]t lgsfNg] ;lsg] ePsf] 5 . kfgL3§af6 lah'nL lgsfNg] cyjf yf]/} kfgL / yf]/} nufgLaf6 klg lah'nL, lgsfNg] sfdsf] ;'?cft rflxF csndfg gsdL{n] u/]sf x'g\ . csndfg gsdL{ klxnf] OlGhlgo/ x'g\, h;n] yf]/} kfgLaf6 lah'nL lgsfNg ;lsg] …k]lN6«s ;]6Ú sf] l8hfOg u/] . yf]/} kfgLaf6 lah'nL lgsfNg agfOPsf] 6jf{OgnfO{ …k]lN6«s ;]6Ú eGg] gfd klg pg}n] lbPsf x'g\ .

;fgf] k]N6g 6jf{Og / h]g]/]6/ Ps};fy hf]l8Psf], kfgLaf6 ;~rflnt ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ pks/0fsf] gfd g} …k]lN6«s ;]6… xf] . of] ;]6 rnfpg @) ld= b]lv @)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOaf6 kfgLn] 6jf{OgnfO{ lxsf{pg' k5{ / kfgLsf] axfjrflxF sDtLdf Psln6/ k|lt;]s]08 x'g'k5{ . To;}n] o;nfO{ ufpFdf vfg] kfgLsf] kfOknfO{gdf cfPsf] kfgLaf6 klg rnfpg ;lsG5 / lah'nL lgsfNg ;lsG5 . csndfg gsdL{n] k]lN6«s ;]6af6 lah'nL lgsfNg] sfdsf] ;'?cft @)$@ ;fnaf6 u/]sf x'g\ . of] sfdsf] klxnf] k/LIf0f pgn] DofUbL / wflbª\ lhNnfdf u/]sf lyP . tL 7fpFx¿df ;kmntf;fy of] k/LIf0f ;DkGg ePkl5 c¿ 7fpFdf u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf nflu of] k|ljlwnfO{ pko'Qm dflgof] . To;kl5 u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf gfddf k]lN6«s ;]6 h8fg ug{ s[lif ljsf; a}°n] cg'bfg k|bfg ug{ yfNof] / of] ;]6 b]zsf ljleGg efudf km}lnof] . cg'bfg k|fKt ePkl5 ;]6 h8fg ug{ klg ;:tf] kg{ uof] . clxn] afUn'ª\, DofUbL, uf]/vf, wflbª\, Onfd, ef]hk'/ cflb lhNnfsf s]xL ufFpx¿df k]lN6«s ;]6dfkm{t lah'nL aN5 . cf}krfl/s cWoog l;len OlGhlgol/ª\df l8Knf]df u/]sf eP klg csndfg gsdL{ klxn]b]lv g} kfgLaf6 lah'nL lgsfNg] s'/fdf rf;f] /fVy] . Psk6s tflndsf] l;nl;nfdf l:j6\h/Nof08 hfFbf ToxfF pgn] hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf af/]df ;}4flGts cWoog u/] / k|of]ufTds ¿kdf s]xL cfof]hgfx¿sf] e|d0f u/] . Tof] e|d0fn] a9fPsf] cfTdljZjf; g]kfn kms]{kl5 pgn] k|of]u u/]/} b]vfOlbP . pgsf] k':t}gL k]zf klg kmnfdsf] sfd ug]{ lyof], To;n] klg csndfgnfO{ k]lN6«s ;]6sf] 6jf{Ogx¿ agfpg ;lhnf] eof] . cfkm}+n] agfPsf] ;]6af6 lah'nL aNnf eGg] ljZjf; ;'?df pgnfO{ klg lyPg /] Û tL ;]6x¿ ;'?df wflbª\ / DofUbLdf h8fg u/L lah'nL lgsflnof] . t/ lah'nL lgsfn]sf] Psjif{kl5 dfq} csndfgn] Tof] va/ kfP . To;kl5 of] ;]6 c¿ lhNnfx¿df klg km}lng yfNof] . /, clxn] of] k]lN6«s ;]6 g]kfnafx]s lkmlnlkG;, >Ln°f, ef/t, clkm«sL / blIf0f cd]l/sL d'n'sx¿df klg k'lu;s]sf] 5 . of] yfxf kfpFbf csndfg v';L klg 5g\–cfkm}n] l8hfOg u/]sf] k]lN6«s ;]6 c¿ d'n'sdf k'u]sf]df . @) jif{df l;len OlGhlgol/ª\df l8Knf]df u/]sf csndfg clxn] ;f9] kfFr bzssf] pd]/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5g\ . oltv]/ rflxF csndfg eG5g\–æc/aL d'n'sx¿n] hldgd'lgsf] t]n k|of]u u/] h:t} xfdLn] klg vf]nfdf alu/x]sf] kfgLnfO{ k|of]u ug'{k5{, 3/–3/df lah'nL afNg' k5{ Æ pgL yK5g\–æv]nfx¿n] elg/x]5g\, d;Fu zlQm 5, Tof] zlQm lgsfn / s]xL sfd lnpm, xf]Og eg] d To;} hfG5' .Æ u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf nflu k]lN6«s ;]6 clt g} ;/n tl/sf xf] . ^)) jf6b]lv %) lsnf]jf6;Ddsf] lah'nL of] ;]6dfkm{t lgsfNg ;lsG5 . t/ rNtLdf /x]sf] rflxF 8]9 lsnf]jf6b]lv tLg lsnf]jf6sf] Ifdtfsf] ;]6 xf] . clg kfgLsf] prfOrflxF $) b]lv &) ld6/b]lvsf] prfO /fd|f] / plrt dflgG5 . vr{sf] lx;fan] klg of] of]hgf 36Ldf *) xhf/;Dddf ;DkGg x'g;S5 . u|fdL0f If]q hxfF kfgLsf] ;|f]t 5 t/ ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] nfOg 5}g, ToxfF k]l6«s ;]6dfkm{t lah'nL pTkfbg u/L t]n, dl§t]n cflbsf] ´G´6af6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . To;f] t /flt lah'nL lgsfn] klg lbgel/ ToxL kfgLaf6 3§ rnfpg klg ;lsG5 . o;/L pkof]u ul/Fbf of] cfof]hgf ax'p2]ZoLo klg x'G5 . csndfg gsdL{ eG5\g of] ;]6 ljz]if¿kdf kxf8L e]udf pkof]u ePsf] 5 . ca pgsf] nflu csf]{ ;d:of 5 . ^ ld6/b]lv !) ld6/ dfq kfgLsf] prfO x'g] t/fO{sf ufpFx¿df k]lN6«s ;]6nfO{ s;/L pkof]uL agfpg] < pgL clxn] oxL sfdsf nflu vl6/x]sf 5g\ . Civil Engineering df cfO{=O{= u/] klg csndfgsf] sfd / ?lr rflxF kfgL / lah'nLlt/ uof] / o;}df pgn] ljz]iftf xfl;n u/] . s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf] ;xof]udf logL @)$! ;fndf hnljB't\;DaGwL tflnd lng :jL6\h/Nof08 uP . :jL6\h/–Nof08sf] tflndkl5 logn] @)$@ ;fndf cfkm}n] n3'hnljB't\ cyjf u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] æk]lN6«s ;]6Æ agfP . :jL6\h/Nof08 afx]s pgn] ef/t, rLg, lkmlnlkG; cflb b]zdf klg hnljB't\ pTkfbg;DaGwL tflnd lnP . csndfg cfkm}+n] agfPsf] k]lN6«s ;]6 uf]/vf, Onfd, wflbª\nufot ljleGg lhNnf / ufpFdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . logL cfkm} klg g]kfnsf () k|ltzt ufpFx¿ 3'd]sf 5g\ . s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf] cfly{s cg'bfgn] klg csndfgn] l8hfOg u/]sf] k]lN6«s ;]6 w]/} 7fpFdf k'u]sf] xf] . pgn] l8hfOg u/]sf] k]lN6«s ;]6 clxn] Psxhf/eGbf a9L 7fpFdf h8fg eO;s]sf] 5 . To:t}, Psxhf/ hlt ljsf;] 3§ / @)) hlt dLnx¿ klg pgn] agfPsf 5g\ . To;afx]s %) b]lv !)) lsnf]jf6;Dd lah'nL lgsfNg ;lsg] k]N6g / c¿ h]g]/]6/x¿ klg agfPsf 5g\ . csndfgn] n]v]sf] MPPU (Multi Purpose Power Unit) Basic Information eGg] k':ts @ efudf k|sflzt eO;s]sf] 5 . To;afx]s logn] clxn];Dd cfljisf/ u/]sf ;a} rLhx¿sf af/]df n]lvPsf !) j6f efudf afFl8Psf k':tsx¿ k|sflzt x'g afFsL g} 5g\ . clxn] logL k'Nrf]s O{= SofDk;df B. E. (Hydro) sf clGtd jif{sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ Hydro Electricity ;DaGwL k|of]ufTds sIffdf k7fpF5g\ . To;afx]s k]lN6«s ;]6af6 pTkfbg ul/Psf] lah'nLnfO{ c¿ a9L pkof]u s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] sfddf nfu]sf 5g\ . u|fdL0f Onfsfdf lbpF;f] lah'nL k|of]u x'Fb}g . To;}n] csndfg clxn] cg';Gwfg ul//x]5g\, lbpF;f] ToxL yf]/} dfqfsf] lah'nLaf6 xfjfdf ePsf] k|r'/ dfqfsf] gfO6«f]hg pkof]u u/]/ gfO6«f]hg dn agfpg ;lsof];\ . cyjf yf]/} dfqfsf] lah'nL k|of]u u/]/ vfgf agfpg ;lsof];\ .

– gf/fo0f >]i7

| cfj/0f kl/ro || ljz]if || cfj/0f || hfgsf/L || ;DkfbsLo || k|ljlw || b'3{6gf || :fflxTo || of]u |
| /fli6«o ultljlw || of]hgf || k|ltef .. dgf]/~hg .. /ª\ud~r .. lj1fg .. v]ns'b .
| ljljw || ljrf/ || d'Qms÷n3'syf || hLjg bz{g |