Yuwamanch1 (Yuwamanch Monthly)

ca k"mn cfh{gsf] ;|f]t klg ag]sf] 5 .

k|fs[lts tyf jftfj/0fLo ljljwtfleq ljBdfg ljljw ;DkbfdWo]sf] cg'kd pkxf/ k"mn ax'pkof]uL ;Dkbf xf] . k|frLgsfnb]lv g} wfld{s / dfËlns sfo{x¿df k|rngdf cfPsf] k"mn s]xL ;dob]lv 3/ xf]6n ;hfpg, ljz]if cltlysf] :jfut o'jf–o'jtLx¿n] k|]d k|:tfj cfbfg –k|bfg / cfTdLotf j[l4 u/fpg] sfo{df k"mnsf] k|rng cTolws x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . s]xL jif{otf o;sf] Jojl:yt v]tL u/L e/kbf]{ cfo;|f]tsf] cfwf/ klg agfpg yflnPsf] 5 . jg:klt hutdf kg]{ k"mn xfd|f] 3/sf] ;'Tg] sf]7fb]lv hËnsf] b'u{d 7fpF;Dd klg Tolts} 9sdSs km'n]sf] b]lvG5 . j;Gt Ct'sf] cfudg;Fu} 9sdSs km'n]sf] k"mn / o;sf] jf;gfn] dflg;sf] dg tyf jftfj/0f g} dgdf]xs agfpg;Sg] k"mnsf] dlxdf ckf/ 5 .

g]kfndf k"mnsf] l:yltM

ljZjsf] )=)# k|ltzt e"–efu cf]u6]sf] ;fgf] d'n's g]kfndf ;d'b|;txsf] ^) lkm6b]lv cf7xhf/ cf7;o $* ld6/ prfOsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ kg]{ ef}uf]lns agfj6leq cg'kd k|fs[lts jftfj/0f 5 . oxL k|fs[lts jftfj/0fleq s/La ;ftxhf/ k"mn km'Ng] k|hfltsf jg:klt kfOG5 . /, of] ljZjsf] b'O{ k|ltzt lx:;f kg{ cfpF5 . g]kfndf k"mn ;DaGwL lj:t[t cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ljsf; Pj+ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmd gePsfn] k"mn;DaGwL lglZrt tYof° eg] sxLF kfOFb}g . tfklg @$% k|hfltsf k"mn g]kfndf dfq kfOg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno k|fs[lts lj1fg ;ª\u|xfnosf k|d'v 8f= s]zj >]i7 atfpg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5 – …k"mn ;DaGwL tYof° xfdLn] g/fv] klg ljb]zL ;ª\3÷;+:yfn] ulx/f] cWoog ul/;s]sf 5g\ / tYof° klg /flv;s]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf dfq kfOg] k"mn s'g–s'g k|hfltsf 5g\ eGg] :ki6 tYof° st} kfOFb}g . tfklg a]nfotsf] …l8:g]/L ckm /f]hÚdf tLg lsl;dsf] u'nfkm g]kfndf dfq kfOg] pNn]v 5 eg] nfnLu'/fF;sf s]xL k|hflt klg /x]sf] 8f= >]i7 atfpg'x'G5 .

k"mnsf nflu g]kfn pkoQm :yn M

;d'b| ;txsf] ^) lkm6b]lv cf7xhf/ cf7;o $* ld6/sf] prfO;Dddf !# lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . ljZjs} k|l;4 xf]rf] c¿0f pkTosf / o;;Fu} vf]nf lsgf/, lxdfn, kxf8, ;–;fgf pkTosf, tfn, vf]nf gfnf h:tf e"–efu / k"j{b]lv klZrd;Ddsf] ljljw jftfj/0f g} k"mnsf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f dflgG5 . oxL ljljw jftfj/0fleq ljljw k|hfltsf k"mn kfOg] klg 8f= >]i7 atfpg'x'G5 . o:t} jftfj/0f / pko'Qm :ynsf sf/0f c¿0f pkTosfdf Ps} :yndf @% k|hfltsf /fli6«o k"mnsf] ¿kdf dflgg] nfnLu'/fF; kfOG5 . xfn;Dd g]kfndf #) k|hfltsf] u'/fF; kfOPsf] 5 . k"mnsf] v]tLsf nflu ljb]zdf l;;f nufP/ jftfg's"lnt 3/ agfpg] u/]sf] e|d0fsf qmddf b]lvPsf] t/ g]kfndf eg] v'nf If]qdf g} k"mnsf] v]tL /fd|f];Fu x'g] u/]sf] s'/f cDa/ g;{/Lsf s'df/ s]=;L= atfpg'x'G5 .

;°6fkGg cj:yfsf k"mn M

g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns agfj6sf] l:ylt / k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf sf/0f jg:klt hutdf kg]{ k"mnsf k|hflt k|z:t kfOG5g\ . oxfFsf df}lns k|hfltsf k"mn ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ljsf; Pj+ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmd gx'g' / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfd, e"–Ifo, k|fs[lts k|sf]k, jftfj/0fLo x|f; Pj+ jgljgf;sf sf/0f sltko k"mnsf k|hflt ;°6fkGg cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . o:tf b'n{e, cg'kd ePklg ;°6fkGg cj:yfdf k'u]sf kfFrcf}n], s'6\sL, ;k{uGwf, g]sf]gf]lS;;, ;]lS;u|fkm, SofNyf, kf]6]lG6n, sfl8{of]ls8d tyf nLnL h:tf k"mnx¿ kg]{ s'/f 8f= >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

cg';Gwfg / ljsf;df ;/sf/L k|of; M

k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] b[li6n] g]kfn lgs} wgL dflgP klg o:tf ;Dkbfsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L ;+/If0f / ljsf; ub}{ nfg sfo{qmdx¿ klxnf lyPgg\ . tfklg clxn] cfP/ jg:klt ljefun] kfFrj6f g]kfnL df}lns k|hfltsf k"mn;DaGwL cWoog ul/g] ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o k"mnsf] ¿kdf dflgPsf] nfnLu'/fF;, KofpnL, nLnL, hjfg], dfGb|f] tyf lqd"nf k|hfltsf k"mnsf] cj:yf, slt l6S5, ahf/ s:tf] 5, slt jif{df km'N5g\ v]tLsf] ;+efJotf s:tf] 5 h:tf ljifodf o; jif{b]lv cWoog ul/g] ePsf] s'/f jg:klt ljefusf ;xfos j}1flgs clws[t s'j]/hË dNn atfpg'x'G5 . /, pxfFn] g]kfnsf] lnlnod k"mn sgeG;g ckm b OG6/g]zgn 6«]8 km/ Og8]Gh/ :k]l;lkms -;fOl6;_df klg k/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

k"mn ;DaGwL ljljw hfgsf/L M

– g]kfndf ;a}eGbf a9L laqmL x'g] k"mn -s6 Nkmfj/_ Unfl8lnof]; xf] /, o;n] jif{e/L laqmL x'g] k"mnsf] &) k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6]sf] 5 .

– g]kfndf ;ftxhf/ lsl;dsf k"mn km'Ng] k|hfltsf jg:klt kfOG5 To;dWo] @$% k|hfltsf g]kfndf dfq kfOG5 .

– g]sf]gf]lS;;, ;]S;Lk|mfuf, SofNyf, kf]6]lG6n, sfl8{of]lqm8d, nLnL h:tf k"mn ;Ë6fkGg cj:yfdf 5g\ .

– ljZjd} ;a}eGbf a9L lsl;dsf nfnLu'/fF; -df}lns_ g]kfndf kfOG5 . /, Ps} :yn c¿0f pkTosfdf dfq @% lsl;dsf kfOG5g\ .

– g]kfndf !# lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . /, oxfFsf] xfjfkfgL k"mnsf] nflu cg'kd jftfj/0f xf] .

– ljZjdf k|To]s jif{ ´08} %) ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/sf] k"mnsf] Joj;fo x'G5 . To;dWo] %) k|ltzt Jofkf/ xn]08 PSn}n] ub{5 .

– skfnL g;{/L d}tLb]jL g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] xf] . xfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] rflxF :6fG88{ g;{/L dxf/fhu~h xf] o;df %) /f]kgL hUufdf k"mnsf] v]tL ul/Psf] 5 .

– g]kfndf jflif{s s/La ;fts/f]8 ?lkofFsf] k"mnsf] Jofkf/ x'G5 . /, To;dWo] ´08} kfFr s/f]8sf] ljb]zaf6 cfoft ul/G5 . ljZjd} ;a}eGbf jf;gfbf/ k"mn …dfOs]lnof k|m';sf6fÚ xf] . /, g]kfndf eg] hfO{, ¿vsdn, /ftL /fgL, ;'grfFk, l;lnË] k"mnnfO{ clt jf;gfbf/ dflgG5 .

– ljZjs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k"mn …Pdf]{kmfs}n; 6fO6]g;Ú xf] eg] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] …n]dgf cf]lNkmofÚ xf] .

wfld{s sfo{df km"nsf] pkof]uM

km"n kljq / ;'ulGwt x'G5 . sltko km"n h:tf] ;'s} :yfgdf km'n] klg kljq dfGg] ul/G5 . cgflbsfnb]lv g} wfld{s cf:yfsf s]Gb|x¿df km"n r9fpg] tyf b]jk"hfdf ljz]if >4f / cf:yfsf ;fy km"n r9fpg] ul/G5 . To;}u/L xfd|f wfld{s u|Gyx¿df eujfg a|Dxf sdnsf] km"naf6 pTkGg ePsf] pNn]v 5 eg] jf;gfbf/ dgdf]xs dflgg] OGb|snd km"n /fhf OGb|sf] gfdaf6 /fvL km"nsf] dxTj wfld{s cf:Yffdf klg k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 . km"n ljz]if1 8f= uf]ljGb 608gsf cg';f/, wfld{s b[li6n] jf;gfbf/ km"n dfq b]jtfx¿sf] k"hfdf r9\g'sf ;fy} ;f}Gbo{ / cfsif{0f klg x'g'k5{ . t/ jf;gf gcfpg], rf]k cfpg] / b"w cfpg] km"n gr9\g] dfGotf 5 .

km"nsf] dxTj <

km"n cfWoflTds, ef}lts, cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf kfl/jfl/s ;'v ;'ljwf / cfo cfh{gsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf klg dflgG5 . km"n ljz]if1 8f= uf]ljGb 608gn] km"nsf] k|of]u ha a9\b} hfG5, o;n] dgdf]xs jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L 3/kl/jf/df pHofnf] / xfF;L v';Lsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ ePsfn] km"nsf zf}lvgx¿df lgs} kfl/jfl/s ;'v / zflGt b]vfkb{5 eGg'x'G5 .

ljb]zL d'n'sdf :jf:Yo pkrf/sf qmddf x'g] æP/f]df y]/fkLÆ km"nsf] jf;gf ;'F3fP/ /f]u lgsf] kfg]{ k4lt xf] . km"nsf] ;'uGw dl:tisdf cfgGb efjsf] cg'e"lt u/fpg] pxfFsf] egfO 5 . cfly{s ¿kdf x]bf{ g]kfndf kfOg] l;lnË] km"nsf] /; Ps lsnf]sf] %) xhf/ 8n/;Dd kg]{ s'/f ljz]if1 8f= 608g atfpg'x'G5 . o;af6 zfxL kl/jf/åf/f k|of]u ul/g] clt d"Nojfg ;]06 agfpg] ul/G5 . of] /; rLgn] k|mfG;nfO{ a]Rb} cfPsf] klg pxfF atfpg'x'G5 . of] km"n sf7df8f}+sf] kz'klt hËndf klg k|z:t kfOPsf] 5 .

;'ulGwt / b'u{lGwt km"nM

ljleGg k|hfltsf km"ndWo] sltko ;'ulGwt x'g'df To; jg:kltdf /x]sf] /f;folgs of}lus kbfy{ g} d"n sf/0f /x]sf] ljz]if1sf] egfO 5 . t/ o:tf] /f;flogs of}lus kbfy{ ;a} jg:kltdf Ps} lsl;dsf] x'Fb}g . kmn:j¿k ;a} km"n jf;gfbf/ gx'g] 8f= 608gsf] egfO 5 .

ljZjd} ;a}eGbf jf;gfbf/ dflgg] km"ndf dfOs]lnof km';sf6f xf] . g]kfndf kfOg] jf:gfbf/ km"ndf hfO{, ¿vsdn, /ftL /fgL ;"grfFk, l;lnË], sgsrKdf, h'xL, hfO{, OGb|sdn, kfl/hft, u'nfkm tyf a]nLsf] gfd cu|klª\lQmdf cfpF5 .

km"ndf x'g] /f;folgs of}lus kbfy{sf] sf/0f g} o;sf] uGwdf km/s x'g;S5 . s'g} ;'ulGwt x'G5g\ eg] s'g} b'u{lGwt . 7"nf] / rf/jif{sf] km/sdf Ps k6s km'Ng] …Pdf]{kmfkm}n; 6fO6]g;nfO{ ;a}eGbf b'u{lGwt km"n dflgG5 . of] km"nsf] uGw d/]sf] d';faf6 pTkGg xg] uGw h:tf] x'g] u5{ . g]kfndf kfOg] hËnL æafFsf]Æ sf] km"n, lgs} uGxfpg] ju{df kb{5 .

sL/f km6\ofFu|f cfxf/ agfpg] km"nM

s'g} km"nx¿ o:tf x'G5g\ h;n] cfxf/nfO{ wtL{af6 ;f];]/ lng] qmd;Fu} sL/f km6\ofFu|fnfO{ klg cfˆgf] cfxf/f agfpg] ub{5g\ . o:tf la¿jfnfO{ df+;fxf/Lsf] ¿kdf klg lnOG5 . To:tf km"n sL6ktª tyf l´+uf h:tf ;–;fgf k|f0fLnfO{ cfxf/f agfpFb5g\ . o:tf km"nnfO{ ælkr/ Knf06Æ klg eG5g\ . oL km"nx¿ ;f]nL h:tf] dfly d'v ePsf] x'G5 / To;leq dxh:tf] u'lnof] /; x'G5 . ha ToxfF df}/L, eFd/f, l´+uf, sL/f km6\of+u|f k:b5g\ To;sf] /;n] ;dfpF5 / dflysf] kqbn v'Drb} uP/ cGTodf cfˆgf] hfndf kf/]/ cfxf/ agfpF5 . To;nfO{ cfˆgf] cfxf/f agfO;s]kl5 Tof] kqbn cfkFm} klxn]s} cj:yfdf cfpF5 .

g]kfndf km"nsf] Jofkf/M

g]kfndf k|To]s jif{ s/La ;fts/f]8 ¿lkofF a/fa/sf] sf/f]jf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;dWo] *) k|ltzt æs6 ˆnfj/sf] sf/f]jf/ x'g] ub{5 . o:tf] km"nsf] Joj;fo s]xL jif{ cufl8;Dd Tolt lyPg . t/ ljut kfFrjif{b]lv of] Joj;fo lgs} km:6fPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf s/Lj #% j6f km"nsf k;nsf] ;d]t :yfkgf eO;s]sf 5g\ . /, km"nsf g;{/L clw/fHoe/Lsf !^ lhNnfdf ´08} @%) j6f k'lu;s]sf] s'/f ˆnf]l/sNr/ Pzf]l;o;gsf sf]cl8{g]6/ ljho /fO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

g]kfndf a9L laqmL x'g] km"nM

k|foh;f] clws k|rngdf cfpg] km"ndWo] ljz]if u/]/ s6 ˆnfj/ -y'Ëf sf6]/ ljqmL ul/g]_ / k6 ˆnfj/ -udnfdf /f]lkg] lj¿jf hf] To;df /f]lkG5 / ;hfpgdf k|of]udf NofOG5_ x'g\ . o;dWo] clws ljqmL s6 ˆnfj/ g} ljqmL x'g] u/]sf] ljqmL stf{x¿ atfpF5g\ . s6 ˆnfj/ ljz]if cltlysf] :jfut, ;hfpg, b}lgs pkxf/sf ¿kdf k|of]udf NofOg] x'Fbf clws k|of]udf cfpg] u/]sf] xf] . /, of] 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ljb]zaf6 cfoft klg ul/G5 . k|d'v s6 ˆnfj/x¿df /f]h, PGy'l/od, sf/fg]zg, a8{ ckm Kof/f8fOh, Unfl8o;, Unfl8lnof];, lnlndo, hj]{/f, cls{8 cflb 5g\ .

cfoft lgof{tsf] l:yltM

g]kfndf km"nsf] Joj;fo Tolt km:6fPsf] geP klg oxfFsf xf]6n, /]i6'F/f tyf ljleGg sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ km"n aflx/af6 Nofpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . /, g]kfndf jflif{s kfFrs/f]8 ¿lkofFsf] km"n cfoft ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . cfoft x'g]df k|foh;f] s6 ˆnfj/ kb{5g\ . g]kfnsf] dfu oxLaf6 k"/f x'g g;Sbf ef/taf6 cfoft ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . t/, g]kfnaf6 lgof{t eg] s]xL jif{b]lv ;fdfGo ¿kdf x'g] u/]sf] eP klg slt lgof{t x'G5 eGg] tYof° g/x]sf] ˆnf]l/sNr/ Pzf]l;og;sf -ˆofg_ sf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs ljho /fO{ atfpg'xG5 . JolQmut k|of;df km"n lgsf;L x'Fb} cfPsf] / cfkm"n] klg s]xL s6 ˆnfj/ aËnfb]zdf lgof{t u/]sf] cDa/ g;{/Lsf s'df/ s]=;L= atfpF5g\ . xfn hfkfg tyf a+Ënfb]z / ef/tdf ;d]t æ6«fon PS:kf]6{df g} /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;/L lgof{t x'g]df l6:o' sNr8{ k|f]8S;, Unfl8n;sf] gd"gf, cls{8, k7fpg] ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . slt /sdsf] lgof{t eof] eGg] st} tYof° /flvPsf] 5}g .

g]kfndf km"n v]tLM

g]]kfndf g;{/L :yfkgf u/L km"nsf] v]tL ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngL ljut %) jif{ cufl8 d}tLb]jLdf skfnL g;{/Lsf] :yfkgfaf6 z'¿ ePsf] kfOG5 . cd]l/sL :jo+;]jL ;+:yf lk:sf]/sf k|ltlglwx¿ g]kfn cfpFbf pgLx¿n] g} km"nsf] g;{/L vf]Ng pTk|]/0ff lbPsf] skfnL g;{/Lsf k|f]kfO6/ nIdL skfnL atfpg'x'G5 . cfˆg} 3/ au}+rf ;hfpgsf nflu eg] /f0ffsfnLg zf;sx¿ ljb]z e|d0f hfFbf o'/f]k]nL d'n'sdf km"nsf] au}+rfb]lv ToxfFaf6 la¿jf NofP/ z'? ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . xfn g]kfndf k'ik Joj;fosf If]qdf eg] lgs} ;'wf/ cfPsf] / clw/fHoel/df :yflkt @%) eGbf a9L g;{/L v]tL x'g] u/]sf] / pkTosfdf #% j6f km"nsf k;n v'ln;s]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] :6fG88{ g;{/L s/La %) /f]kgL If]qkmndf sl/a b'O{ xhf/ yl/sf km"nsf la¿jfx¿ nufOPsf 5g\ . ljut @* jif{ cl3 :yflkt o; g;{/Ln] g]kfnsf df}lns hfltsf km"nsf] ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbPsf] :6fG88{ g;{/Lsf k|f]kfO6/ tyf ˆnf]l/sRn/ P;f]l;o;gsf k"j{ cWoIf ;'/]zeQm >]i7 atfpg'x'G5 . $) hgfn] k|ToIf /f]huf/L k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf] :6fG88{ g;{/Ln] ahf/sf] cefjdf cfˆgf] vr{ p7fpg lgs} sl7g k/]sf] pxfF atfpg'x'G5 . nufgL / k|ljlwsf] cefjdf ljb]zL ahf/sf] cWoog u/L lgof{t g;lsPsfn] :yfgLo ahf/df vkt x'g g;Sg] ePsfn] ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] >L >]i7sf] egfO 5 .

ljZjd} b'n{e dflgPsf] cls{8 -;'gufef_ km"n g]kfndf #%) yl/sf kfOg] u/]sf]df cfkm"n] Jof;floseGbf ;+/If0fsf] p2]Zon] !%) yl/sf ;+sng ul/;s]sf] >]i7 bfjL ug'{x'G5 . xfn g]kfndf s6 ˆnfj/sf] dfu lgs} a9\b} uPsf] / o;nfO{ pBf]usf] ¿kdf Nofpg;s] s[lifkl5sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] cfo;|f]tsf] If]q aGg ;Sg] cDa/ g;{/Lsf s'df/ s]=;L= atfpg'xG5' .

g]kfnsf] jftfj/0f km"nsf nflu ljZjd} cg'kd dflhG5 . /, sltko ljZjd} gkfOg] km"n ;d]t oxfF kfOG5– km"n ljz]if1 8f= uf]ljGb 608g atfpg'x'G5 . xfdLn] o;sf] dxTj ga'´]/ cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ;+/If0f ug{ g;s]sf] k|lt pxfF u'gf;f] ug'{x'G5 .

sltko km"n wfld{s nufot cGo k|of]hgsf nflu dfq geP/ cf}ifwL u'0f klg af]s]sf 5g\ . o:tf km"nsf] g;{/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosf nufot clw/fHosf !^ lhNnfdf g;{/L :yfkgf eO;s]sf] ˆnf]l/sNr/ P;f]l;P;gsf ;+of]hs ljho /fO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

xfn g]kfndf /x]sf sltko df}lns km"n cj}w ¿kdf ljb]zdf k'¥ofO{ ToxfFsf] :yfgLo hfltsf ¿kaf6 k'gM g]kfn lelqg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cls{8 km"n To;/L lgof{t x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

– eQmaxfb'/ yfkf