Jankari (Yuwamanch Monthly)

g]kfnsf] klxnf] dfgjclwsf/ :tDe pk]lIft

dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] l;de~HofËl:yt d}qL au}+rfdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] dfgjclwsf/ :tDe pk]lIft cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] klxnf] dfgjclwsf/ :tDe dfgjflwsf/sf af/]df r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ clek|fon] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] .

;f] :tDe sfg'g Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfnoåf/f ;g\ !((* df ljZj dfgjflwsf/ lbj;sf cj;/df s/La @ xhf/ % ;o @( ld6/ prfOdf /x]sf] ;f] :tDe / :tDe j/k/sf] If]q dfgjclwsf/sf af/]df hgtfnfO{ ;r]t kfg{ / ko{6sLo b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . t/, lhNnf ljsf; gLlt, dsjfgk'/sf] ;+/If0fdf /x]sf] pQm :tDe cfjZos k|rf/ k|;f/ / Joj:yfkgsf] cefjdf cf}lrToxLg / pk]lIft x'gk'u]sf] 5 .

:tDe If]qaf6 g]kfnsf k|d'v lxdz[ª\vnfx¿sf ;fy} t/fOsf ;dyn e"–efusf] Ps} 7fpFdf a;]/ b[Zofjnf]sg u/L k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] cfZjfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} ljleGg /Ësf nfnLu'F/f;, cls{8 ljleGg hftsf af]6la?jf hl8a'6L kfOg] h}ljs ljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ d}qL au}+rf If]qsf] cfˆg} lsl;dsf] ljz]iftf / dxTj ePsf]n] o; If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfO{ sfof{/De ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

– /fddl0f bfxfn

xft] sfuh -nf]Qmf_ Ps hfgsf/L

xft] sfuh -nf]Qmf_ Ps hfgsf/Ls/La b'O{ xhf/ jif{ cufl8b]lv k|rngdf cfPsf] Ps k|sf/sf] afSnf] / /]zfbf/ sfuh g} nf]Qmf xf] . ;j{k|yd rLgdf o; sfuhsf] cfljisf/ ePsf] lyof] g]kfnL hghLjgdf o; sfuhsf] w]/} dxTj 5 . g]kfnL xft] sfuh agfpg k|of]u ul/g] d'Vo sRrf kbfy{ g} nf]Qmf-Daphne_ xf] . of] Ps k|sf/sf] kf]y|] hËnL emf/ xf] . nf]Qmf g]kfnsf] ;ft xhf/b]lv !# xhf/ lkm6;Ddsf] pRr kxf8L e]udf kfOG5 . nf]Qmf ljif]ztM b'O{ k|sf/sf] kfOG5 . sfnf] / ;]tf] t/ sfuh tof/ ug{sf nflu sfnf] nf]Qmf pkof]uL dflgG5 . nf]Qmf hËnL emf/ ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ h'g;'s} a]nf klg kfOG5 . nf]Qmfsf] h/f nfdf] / lkmlhPsf] x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ o;n] s]xL xb;Dd e"–Ifo x'gaf6 klg hf]ufpF5 . o;sf] kft / af]qmfsf] /;af6 klg ljleGg cf}iflw agfOG5 . ;g\ !((( sf] tYof°cg';f/ g]kfnsf] k|To]s ljsf; If]qdf lgDg adf]lhd sfnf] nf]Qmf pTkfbg u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]q M ^&,@^^ d]=6g=

dWodf~rn ljsf; If]q M @,#$* d]=6g=

klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q M (,%!^ d]=6g=

dWo klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q M @@,!(# d]=6g=

;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q M (,(%* d]=6g=

hDdf M !,!),*^! d]l6«s 6g

nf]Qmf sfuh g]kfnsf] ljleGg efudf kfOG5 . ufpF3/df g} 3/]n' pTkfbg:j¿k pTkfbg ul/g] o; sfuh ljljw If]qsf 5kfO / ljb]zdf ;d]t vkt u/L cfocfh{g ug{;lsG5 . nf]Qmfaf6 xft] sfuh lgdf{0f / lgDg ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . nf]Qmf, sfli6s ;f]8f, bfp/f klxnf] s'lsª o;/L nf]Qmf / sfli6s ;f]8f ld;fP/ /fd|/L ksfOG5 . o;/L b'O{rf]l6 ;]nfpFb} ksfPsf] nf]QmfnfO{ sfuh agfpg] k]|mddf ;'sfOG5 / ;'s]kl5 ;kmf kfgLn] wf]OG5 . nf]Qmf ksfpg'eGbf Pslbg cufl8 ;kmf kfgLdf lehfpg'k5{ . xfn g]kfnsf ljleGg efudf s/La @)) hlt 3/]n' nf]Qmf pTkfbg s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ .nf]Qmf g]kfnsf] ljleGg e]udf kfOG5 . g]kfnsf ljleGg lhNnfx¿df k|To]s jif{ lgDg adf]lhd nf]Qmf pTkfbg ug{;lsg] cg'dfg 5 M

tfKn]h'ª M !!,(%^ d]=6g=

;+v'jf;ef M !%,^@%d]=6g=

;f]n'v'Da' M !#,*#! d]=6g=

;Nofg M !,)!# d]=6g=

/f]Nkf M !,(&! d]=6g=

¿s'd M #,($* d]=6g=

hfh/sf]6 M %,@@^ d]=6g=

d'u'–h'Dnf M @,%@( d]=6g=

sflnsf]6 M !,%() d]=6g=

aemfª M @,($% d]=6g=

8f]6L M !,^!$ d]=6g=

afh'/f M !,()# d]=6g=

@)#& ;fndf >L % sf] ;/sf/ tyf hfkfg ;/sf/aLr ;Demf}tf eO{ o; nf]Qmf pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wgsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . xfn;Dd nf]Qmf pTkfbg;DaGwL tflnd lbP/ s/La %,))) hlt dflg;nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] a;]{lg !^ s/f]8eGbf a9L g]kfnL sfuhsf] ljleGg ;fdu|Lx¿sf] lgof{t ul/G5 .

o;/L g]kfnL hghLjgdf dfq geP/ ljleGg b]zdf klg o;sf] k|of]u al9/x]sf] cj:yfdf xfdLn] cfˆg} snf / ;Lkn] pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] o; pBf]unfO{ cem ljsl;t tj/n] cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

— k|:t'lt M gj/fh …kf]v/]n
x]/}+rf – $ -df]/ª_

cfsfz lsg gLnf] x'G5 <

jfo'd08n k[YjLsf] Pp6f efu xf] . o; jfo'd08ndf ljleGg Uof;, hn, jfik w"nfsf s0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . jfo' UofF;x¿sf] Ps ;lDd>0f xf] . jfo'sf] cfj/0fnfO{ jfo'd08n elgG5 . jfo'd08nn] k[YjLsf] hn :yn cflb ;a} efunfO{ cfj/0fsf] ¿kdf 9fs]sf] 5 . jfo'd08n eg]sf] k[YjLsf] jl/kl/ /x]sf] xfjfsf] cfj/0f xf] . jfo'd08ndf ePsf Uof;x¿ u'?Tjfsif{0f ansf] sf/0fn] k[YjLsf] jl/kl/ g} 3'ld/xG5 .

cfsfz gLnf] x'gfsf] sf/0fdf o; jfo'd08ndf ePsf w"nfsf s0fx¿ ljleGg Uof;x¿df k|sfz k/L tL k|sfz 5l/g' xf] . ;"o{sf] k|sfz tL s0fx¿ / Uof;x¿df v:b5g\ . k|sfz a9L 5l/G5g\ . tL s0fx¿sf] cfsf/ k|sfzsf] t/Ë nDafOeGbf ;fgf] x'G5 . ef}ltszf:qL Ray Leigh sf] egfOcg';f/, k|sfz jfo'd08ndf v;]kl5 5l/g] s'/f t/Ë nDafOsf] rf}yf] 3ftf°;Fu Jo'qmdfg'kflts x'G5 . lgnf] /Ësf] k|sfzsf] t/Ë nDafO /ftf] /Ësf] eGbf sd x'G5 . To;}n] lgnf] /Ë a9L 5l/Psf] x'G5 .

;"o{sf] ls/0f jf:tjdf vfnL Ps} k|sf/sf] ;/n ;]tf] ls/0f geOsg kbf{df b]lvg] leGg k|sf/sf /ËLg ls/0fx¿ ;+o'Qm eO{ ag]sf] ls/0f xf] . ha oL ;]tf ls/0fx¿ jfo'd08ndf /x]sf ljleGg Uof;, w"nfsf s0fx¿ / hn jfikdf kb{5g\, gLnf] /Ë ;a}eGbf a9L dfqfdf 5l/G5 . olb xfdLn] ;"o{eGbf cln 6f9faf6 x]/]df cfsfz gLnf] b]lvG5 . dWofGx afx| ah] ;"o{df x]/]df cfsfz ;]tf] b]lvG5 . of] x'g'sf] sf/0f k|sfz xfd|f] cfFvfn] ;Lw} kfpFb5 / 5l/g kfpFb}g . ;"o{ pbfpFbf / c:tfpFbf o;sf] jl/kl/sf] efu /ftf] b]lvG5 . of] x'g'sf] sf/0f k|sfzsf ls/0fx¿ nfdf] b"/L kf/ ub{5g\ / gLnf] /Ë x/fP/ hfG5 . o;/L k|sfzsf] ;]tf] ls/0fx¿af6 lgnf] /Ë x/fPkl5 cjnf]sgstf{sf] ;Lwf cfvfFdf kbf{ /ftf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L, ;"o{ c:tfpFbf k|sfzsf ls/0fx¿ k[YjLsf] ;tx glhs} /x]sf] afbndf 7f]lsG5 / h;df Psbd w]/} dfqfdf /ftf] /Ë x'G5 / gLnf] /Ë 5l/P/ x/fpFb5 ./, /ftf] /Ën] afbnsf] l/k|m]Szg ub{5 h'g xfd|f] cfFvfdf cfpFbf /ftf] b]lvPsf] xf] .

xfdLn] s] ;Demg'kb{5 eg] olb jfo'd08n gePsf] eP cfsfz k"/f sfnf] b]lvG5, lsgeg] s'g} klg /Ë 5l/g kfpFb}g . pRr prfOdf xjfO{ hxfh p8]sf] cj:yfdf cfsfz sfnf] b]lvG5 .

— /jLGb| l;+x dxt
n]vs cd[t ;fOG; SofDk;, ef}ltszf:q k|fWofkg ug'{x'G5 .

s]xL /f]rs hfgsf/L

ljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/ Rofpdf Chloropyll gePsf] x'gfn] o;n] cfˆgf] ef]hg d[t kbfy{x¿af6 k|fKt ub{5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ d[tf]klhjL -Saprophyte_ elgG5 .

la?jfnfO{ lbpF;f] ;"o{sf] k|sfzdf k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f lqmof4f/f ef]hg tof/ ug{ CO₂ rflxG5 / To; lqmofdf O₂ Uof; pTkGg x'G5 . To;}n] la?jf lbpF;f] ] CO2 lnG5 / O₂ 5f]8\5 .

/utdf x'g] R.B.C. df x]df]Unf]ljgn] ubf{ /ut /ftf] b]lvG5 .

/utdf x'g] KnfHdfdf ePsf] lkmla|gf]lhg k|f]6Lgn] sf6]sf] 7fpFdf /utnfO{ hDg d2t ub5{ / /ut aGb x'G5 . To;}n] sf6]sf] 7fpFaf6 s]xL ;dokl5 /ut aU5 .

o'lUngfdf Chlorophyll x'G5 , t/ o;n] hGt' h:t} Flagelium sf] åf/f rfn klg b]vfpF5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ hGt' / jg:klt b'a}df k|of]u ul/G5 .

;'uf zfsfxf/L x'G5 . o;nfO{ s8f kmnx¿ sf6\g ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ o;sf] r'rf] afFlËPsf] x'G5 .

sldnfn] 6f]Sbf, dfx'/Ln] 6f]Sbf jf l;:g'n] kf]Nbf Ps k|sf/sf] /;fog xfd|f] 5fnfleq 5f]l8lbG5, To;}n] kf]N5 .

s8f kfgLdf SoflN;od / DofUg]l;odsf] 3'ngzLn nj0fx¿ ePsf] x'gfn] Tof] kfgL :jflbnf] x'G5 .

Iff/n] cDn;Fu k|ltlqmof u/L nj0f tyf kfgL agfpFb5 . To;}n] cDnn] kf]Nbf g/d Iff/;Fu 3'Nb5 .

vfgLaf6 Psrf]l6 vlgh lgsfn]kl5 To; vfgLaf6 km]l/ vlgh lgsfNg ;ls+b}g . To;}n] vlghsf] bf];||f] km;n x'Fb}g elgG5 .

l;Gy]l6s sk8f /f;folgs kbfy{x¿sf] ;xof]un] agfOPsf] x'gfn] tL /f;fogx¿n] z/L/df PnhL{ ub{5g\ . To;}n] o:tf] sk8f :jf:Yosf] nflu xflgsf/s x'G5 .

xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ rflxg] tTjsf nj0fx¿ -Ca / Mg OToflb_ g/d kfgLdf x'Fb}gg\ . To;}n] of] :jf:Yos/ x'Fb}g .

ef]hg agfpg] efF8f]sf] aflx/L lk+wdf df6f] nufOG5 . lsgeg] lrKnf] ;txeGbf v;|f] ;tx tfksf] /fd|f] zf]ifs xf] .

Pdf]lgof Uof;sf] k/LIf0f ug{ /ftf] ln6d;sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . lsgls Pdf]lgof Uof;sf] u'0f Iff/Lo x'G5 / o;n] /ftf] ln6d;nfO{ gLnf] kfb{5 .

j/kmnfO{ sf7sf] w"nf]leq /flvG5 . lsgls sf7sf] w"nf] tfksf] s'rfns xf] / o;n] aflx/L tfksf] k|efj4f/f a/kmnfO{ uNgaf6 arfpF5 .

clS;hg Uof; agfpFbf Heat x6fpg' eGbf klxn] Delivery tube sf] ;DaGw kfgLaf6 x6fOG5 . lsgeg] Delivery tube sf] ;DaGw kfgLaf6 g5'6fOsg Heat x6fpFbf kfgL Delivery tube eP/ dfly hfG5 / pks/0f km'6\g ;S5 .

— k|:t'lt M ;'s[lt cof{n
;|f]t ljleGg kq–klqsf