Yuwamanch5 (Yuwamanch Monthly)

cd/ 5g\ ;flxTofsfzdf ejfgL leIf'

g]kfnL ;flxTosf syfx¿ dWo] …Tof] km]l/ kms{nf <Ú eGg] zLif{ssf] syf lgs} k|l;4 5 . Tof] syf n]Vg] syfsf/ ejfgL leIf' x'g\ .

syf, sljtf / pkGof; ljwfdf snd rnfpg] k|l;4 ;flxTosf/ ejfgL leIf'sf] jf:tljs gfpF ejfgLk|;fb u'Ktf xf] . pgL lj=;+= !(^^ ;fn h]7 dlxgfsf] @! ut] n'lDagL c~rnsf] slknj:t' lhNnfdf kg]{ uf]6L eGg] 7fpFdf hGd]sf lyP . pgsf afa'sf] gfpF OGb|k|;fb u'Ktf lyof] . pgsf] dft[efiff …cjwLÚ lyof] . pgn] g]kfnL, lxGbL, pb"{ / cª\u|]hL efiffsf] cWoog u/]sf lyP .

ejfgL leIf' wgL kl/jf/df hGd]sf lyPgg\ . pgL ;fdfGo kl/jf/df hGd]sf lyP . slknj:t'af6 sf7df8f}+df cfPkl5 klg pgnfO{ afFRgsf] nflu w]/} ;Í6 em]Ng' k¥of] . cfly{s ;d:ofn] klg pgL lgs} lk/f]lnP . t/ pgL ljåfg\ lyP, hfGg]a'‰g] lyP . To;}n] h:tf];'s} b'Mv k/] tfklg g]kfnL efiffdf ;flxTosf] l;h{gf ug{ eg] pgn] 5f]8]gg\ . hflu/ vfPsf] a]nfdf klg, gvfPsf] a]nfdf klg pgn] syf / sljtfx¿ n]vL g} /x] .

t/fO{ If]qdf hGd]sfn] ejfgL leIf'n] g]kfnL efiffsf] ;fdfGo lzIff dfq kfPsf lyP . t/ pgn] lxGbL efiffdf eg] …;flxTos'ne"if0fÚ k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf lyP .

ejfgL leIf' sf7df8f}+ cfPkl5 To; a]nfsf] k|l;4 ;flxlTos klqsf …zf/bfÚ sf] ;Dkfbs ag] . pgsf] of]Uotf b]v]/ pgnfO{ Tof] klqsfsf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfd lbOPsf] lyof] . To;a]nf …zf/bfÚ klqsfsf ;Dkfbs Cl4axfb'/ dNn lyP .

ejfgL leIf'sf] klxnf] syf …dfgjÚ zLif{ssf] xf] / Tof] syf lj=;+= !((% ;fndf …zf/bfÚ klqsfdf 5flkPsf] lyof] . pgsf c¿ syf / sljtfx¿ klg …zf/bfÚ klqsfdf lgs} 5flkPsf lyP .

ejfgL leIf' sfnf]–sfnf] j0f{sf lyP . pgL clnslt xf]rf klg lyP . ljkm/sf] sf/0f pgsf] cg'xf/ 5\ofs6f] b]lvGYof] . t/ pgL ;f}Gbo{k|]dL lyP . pgL s;};Fu af]Nbf lgs} ljrf/ u/]/, zAb klg tf}nL–tf}nL k|of]u u/]/ af]Ny] . pgsf] d'vaf6 g/fd|f] zAb slxNo} klg lg:sFb}gYof] . ;s];Dd s;}nfO{ la‰g] u/L pgL s]xL eGb}gy] .

ejfgL leIf'n] n]v]sf bzj6f k':tsx¿ k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] syf;ª\u|x rf/j6f, sljtf ;ª\u|x tLgj6f / pkGof; b'O{j6f 5g\ . pgn] n]v]sf k':tsx¿sf gfd oL x'g\–

— syf ;ª\u|x M u'gs];/L, d}of;fx]j, cfjt{, cjfGt/

— sljtf ;ª\u|x M 5fof, k|sfz, kl/isf/

— pkGof; M ;'eb|f aHo}, cfut, kfOk g+= !

;flxTosf] l;h{gf ubf{ ejfgL leIf' klxn] lxGbL efiffdf n]Vy] / kl5 dfq To;nfO{ g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb u/]/ 5fKy] eGg] ;'lgG5 . To:tf] b'Mv u/]/ klg g]kfnL efiffdf olt w]/} k':tsx¿ n]Vg' g} klg g]kfnL ;flxTosf nflu pgn] u/]sf] 7"nf] ;]jf xf] .

lj=;+= @))* ;fnb]lv lj=;+= @)!# ;fn;Dd ejfgL leIf' ;"rgf ljefusf] dxflgb]{zs lyP . lj=;+= @)!$ ;fndf ultnf k':tsx¿sf] k|sfzg u/L g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTosf] ljsf; / k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf eof] . ejfgL leIf' klg ToxfFsf ;b:o ag] . pgL hLjge/ Tof] ;+:yfsf] ;b:o alg/x] . ToxfFsf] uBljefusf] sfd lhDdf lnP/ pgn] k|z:t sfdx¿ u/]sf lyP . pgsf] sf]l;;af6 k|1fk|lti7fgsf] k|rf/ / ;Dks{ b]zaflx/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf klg eof] .

ejfgL leIf'n] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] /fd|f] ;]jf u/]sf x'gfn] pgn] lj=;+= @)#^ ;fndf lqe'jg k|1fk'/:sf/ kfP . …cfutÚ gfpFsf] uxlsnf] pkGof; n]v]sfn] lj=;+= @)#@ ;fndf dbg k'/:sf/af6 pgL k'/:s[t eP . pgnfO{ /x:ojfbL ;flxTosf/ klg eGg] ul/G5 .

pgsf] b]xfj;fg @)#* ;fn j}zfv dlxgfsf] $ ut] sf7df8f}+df eof] . pgsf] b]xfj;fgkl5 ;/sf/n] pgsf] lrq /fv]/ x'nfs l6s6 k|sfzg klg u/]sf] lyof] .

— uf]kfn k/fh'nL

xf]Og 6'KkL klg slt nfdf] xf] <

kfFry/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no lkmlbddf sfo{/t odgf/fo0f e08f/Lsf] 6'KkLsf] nDafO cf7 lkm6 bz O~r 5 eg]sf] ;'Gbf w]/}nfO{ kTof/ gnfUg ;S5 t/ of] ;To xf] / pgsf] 6'KkL cem} a9\g] qmd hf/L 5 .

lkmlbd gu/f]Gd'v ufpF ljjf; ;ldlt @ df hlGdP/ ls;fgsf] hLjg latfO/x]sf e08f/Ln] ;fdfGo ;f];{af6 lkogsf] hflu/ kfPsf x'g\ . @)#& k'; @* ut] cyf{t\ @) jif{cl3 hflu/] ag]sf pgL @)%% ;fnaf6 cfˆgf] 6'KkL o;/L knfpg yfn]sf] atfpF5g\ .

@))% kmfu'g !& ut] hlGdPsf oL e08f/L eG5g\ ;kgfdf Ps ;]tf] sk8f nufPsf] hf]uL cfP/ cfOGbf 6'KkL gsf6\g', sfOof]n] gsf]g'{ eg]sf] lyof] . cfkm" a|fXd0f kl/jf/df hlGdPsf] o;} klg 6'KkL sf6\g' x'Fb}g eGg] dfgl;stfdf lyPF . o;dfly ;fw'n] To;f] eg] kl5 sf6\g] s'/} ePg . ;fw'af6 kfPsf] ctL{nfO{ dfGbf 6'KkL a9\b} uP/ olt nfdf] eof] . ca cfhGd 6'KkL sf6\lbg .

6'KkL a9\g yfn]kl5 ;fdfGotof s]xL c;lhnf] eP klg w]/} JolQm / cfkmGtaf6 kfPsf] dfof ddtfn] b]z, ljb]z;Dd lrlgFbf pgnfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] 5 t/ u/LaLn] rf}k§} ;tfPsf] sxLF, s;}n] ;xfg'e"lt t s] /fd|f] lx;faaf6 ;xof]u gubf{ eg] la/lQmPsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\ olt nfdf] 6'KkL x'g] csf{ Pshgf wgs'6fdf 5g\ /] d}n] kqsf/af6 ;'g]sf] xF' . t/ pgsf] xfn d]/f] h:t} xf]nf h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . dnfO{ t s;}n] jf:tf u/]sf 5}gg\ eg] pgnfO{ klg s;n] jf:tf u/]sf xf]nf / < t/ nfdf] 6'KkL b]v]/ s;}n] Ps lvNnL r'/f]6 / s;}n] Ps Unf; lrof eg] v'jfpg] u5{g\ . h'g s'/f]nfO{ la;{g g;s]/ 3/df uO{ atfpg] ub{5 .

u/LaLn] olt g} ;tfP klg pgnfO{ vf;} leIff eg] 5}g . pgL eG5g\ ;lsP5 eg] o;}sf] sf/0faf6 lulgh a"sdf gfd n]vfpg]5 . ;lsPg eg] ;lsPg . h]7L >LdtLsf] cNkfo'df d[To' ePsf]n] sfG5L NofPsf] 5' . t/ o;af6 klg k5'tf] nfu]sf] 5}g . w]/} jif{ hflu/ vfP/ klg pGglt ug{ g;Sbf eg] lrGtf nfU5 . olt nfdf] 6'KkL eP/ k"j{d} lrlgPsf pgsf 6'KkL Ps lkm6 r'Fl8P/ uPsf] lyof] . uf]¿nfO{ 3fF; sf6\g a8x/sf] ¿vdf rb\bf xfFuf efFlrP/ pgsf] 6'KkL l5lgPsf] xf] . Tolta]nf pgn] tLg 5fs eft vfPsf lyPgg\, bzjif{ cl3 .

— ;'/]Gb| ;'j]bL

Ps k6s x]g}{kg]{ ;]tLj]0fLsf] lznf

kj{t lhNnfsf] ;'b"/ blIf0fsf] uf=lj=;= zflnu|fdsf] jf8{ g+= ( df wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] lznf 5 . elgG5, pQm lznf xhf/f}+ jif{ cl3b]lv ;fIfft\ lji0f' eujfg\sf] ¿kdf k'lh+b} cfPsf] 5 . kj{t, :ofª\hf / u'NdL tLg lhNnf cyf{t\ wf}nflu/L, u08sL / n'lDagL u/L tLg c~rns} cgf}7f] ;Ëd:yn ;]tLj]0fL kj{t lhNnfleq kb{5 . sfnL u08sLsf] lsgf/df /x]sf] ;]tLj]0fL ahf/nfO{ aLraf6 ;]tL vf]nfn] 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . ;]tL vf]nfsf] jfl/ / kfl/ :ofª\hf tyf kj{t lhNnf kb{5 . ;]tLj]0fLsf] lznf sfnLu08sL / ;]tL vf]nf ldl;Psf] 7fpFdf cjl:yt 5 .

df3] ;+qmflGt, afnf rt'b{zLnufot x/]s rf8 kj{df w]/} 7fpFx¿af6 eQmhgx¿ ;]tLj]0fLsf] pQm lznf bz{g ug{ cfpg] ub{5g\ . ;]tLj]0fLdf ;fgf] ahf/ ePsf]n] vfg / a:g ;d:of 5}g . t/ ToxfF;Dd k'Ug eg] ;lhnf] / 5f]6f] af6f] 5}g . :ofª\hfsf] aflnË jf jfoF6f/Laf6 tyf s':dfaf6 klg lbgel/ lxF8]/ ;]tLj]0fL k'Ug ;lsG5 . t/ clxn] ;lhnf] / 5f]6f] af6f]sf] ¿kdf :ofª\hfsf] ldld{af6 -sfnL u08sL …PÚ hnljB't kl/of]hgf :yn_ lxF8]/ b'O{ 306fdf ;]tLj]0fL k'Ug ;lsG5 . sfnLu08sL …PÚ hnljB't kl/of]hgf ;lsPkl5 sfnLu08sLdf tfn k/]/ ;]tLj]0fLsf] lznf cfwf kfgLdf 8'Ag] ePsf] 5 . o;af6 ;a} >4fn' eQmx¿ lrlGtt 5g\ .

— tf/shª\u yfkf ækfNkfnLÆ, kj{t

u'? uf]/vgfy

g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df dxfof]uL >L u'? uf]/vgfysf] gfd w]/} klxn]b]lv lgs} rlr{t 5 . zfxj+zLo /fhfx¿sf s'nb]jtfsf ¿kdf k"lht >L u'? uf]/vgfynfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] cfˆg} s'nb]jtf ;lDemPsf 5g\ . dxfof]uLsf] cfzLjf{bn] g} zfxj+zsf] z'?cft eO{ Ps uf}/jzfnL k/Dk/fsf] z'?cft ePsf] s'/fdf k|foM ;a} ljåfg\, n]vsx¿ Pjd\ cGo ;j{;fwf/0f g]kfnLx¿ klg ;xdt ePsf] kfOG5 .

ozf]a|Xd zfxsf sfG5f 5f]/f b|Jo zfxaf6 dxfof]uLsf] k|;Ë pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . o;eGbf cufl8 dxfof]uLn] s–s;nfO{ s;/L cfzLjf{b lbg'eof] eGg] s'/f :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ePsf] gkfOP tfklg ufO{sf] :ofxf/;';f/ ul//x]sf b|Jo zfxsxfF dxfof]uL k|s6 x'Fbf b|Jo zfxsf] ;]jf, ;Tsf/ b]vL v'zL eO{ b|Jo zfxnfO{ æltdL uf]vf{sf] /fhf x'g]5f} / g]kfn klg ltd|} ;GtfgnfO{ ef]u xf]nfÆ egL j/bfg lbg'ePsf] s'/f] pnn]v 5 . dxfof]uL >L u'? uf]/vgfyn] b|Jo zfxnfO{ cfzLjf{b lbO{ uf]vf{sf] /fhf agfpg' ePkl5 g]kfndf zfxj+zLo /fhfx¿sf] zf;g >[ª\vnf k|f/De ePsf] xf] .

dxfof]uL >L u'? uf]/vgfysf] gfdaf6 /x]sf] uf]vf{af6 pxfFs} cfzLjf{b k|fKt b|Jo zfxn] æuf]vf{ dfq} lsg, x] afaf Û dnfO{ g]kfnsf] g} ef]u ug]{ cfzLjf{b k|bfg ul/lbg'xf];\ egL laGtL u/]sf] / dxfof]uLn] ltd|f] tk:of klg ePsf] 5}g uf]vf{;Dd xf]nf, ltdLb]lv rf/f}+ /fhf hf] xf]nf pm a8f] tk:ofjfg\ x'g]5, w]/} b]jtfaf6 klg j/ kfpg]5, p;}n] ;sn lylt–gLlt Gofo, lg;fkm afFwL ;sn k|hfsf] klg kfngf ul/xGof 5 . To;kl5 ;ftf}+ /fhfsf] kfnfdf g]kfn ef]u xf]nfÆ egL j/bfg lbg'eof] . o;/L dxfof]uL >L u'? uf]/vgfyn] b|Jo zfxb]lv P3f/f}+ /fhfnfO{ g]kfnsf] ef]u xf]nf egL cfzLjf{b lbO{ cGtWof{g ePsf] s'/f uf]/vf j+zfjnLdf pNn]v 5 .

dxfof]uLsf] cfzLjf{bcg'¿k g} g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df uf]vf{sf /fhfsf] ¿kdf b|Jo zfxb]lv rf/f}+ /fhfsf] ¿kdf /fd zfx eP . pgn] æGofo gkfP uf]vf{ hfg"Æ eGg] plQmnfO{ ;j{Jofks agfO{ ;f/f k|hfnfO{ Jojl:yt kf/L ;f/f g]kfnLx¿sf dfem Gofo–lg;fkmL /fhfsf] ¿kdf, s'zn k|zf;ssf ¿kdf k|ltli7t eP . To:t zfxkl5 ;ftf}+ /fhfsf] ¿kdf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx eP . P3f/f}+ k':tfcufl8 b|Jo zfxnfO{ cfzLjf{b k|bfg ug'{ePsf dxfof]uLn] k'gM P3f/f}+ k':tfsf uf]vf{sf /fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxnfO{ cfkm}+ k|s6 eO{ bxL vfg lbO{ cfzLjf{b lbP/ rqmjtL{ /fhfsf] ¿kdf ;f/f afO;] rf}aL;] cflb /fHox¿nfO{ PsLs/0f u/L ljzfn g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f / /fh u/]sf] s'/f xfd|f] Oltxf;df ;'gf}nf cIf/n] n]lvPsf] 5 .

ha–ha ;fdflhs w/ftn vnalng k'Ub5, ;To / ;b\u'?dfly k|Zg lrGx nfUg yfNb5, dGq, tGq, Wofg, of]unufotsf xfd|f k"j{hx¿sf yftL nf]k eO{ clt ef}ltstfsf] laulauL a9L k"/} ;dfh ultxLg cl:y/ x'g k'Ub5, To:tf] kl/l:yltdf uf]/If zlQmn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ub{5, To:tf] a]nfdf dxfof]uL k|s6 eO{ jf uf]/If zlQmnfO{ lqmofzLn agfO{ ;dfhnfO{ :ki6 dfu{lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] kfOG5 .

a'4kl5sf ;dodf cfPsf ljs[ltx¿, af}4 tyf lxGb" tflGqsx¿df km}lnb} uPsf] ljs[ltn] Tolt a]nfsf] ;dfhdf g/fd|f];Fu k|efj kfb}{ nu]sf] lyof] . tflGqs ;fwgfx¿ ;Í'lrt x'Fb} uO{ ;fwgf eg]sf] df;', dlb/f clg :qLx¿nfO{ e}/jL agfO{ ;dfud ub}{ dGqf]Rrf/0f ug'{ lyof] . elgG5, Tolta]nf 8flsgL, zflsgL o1 k4lt, /fIf;, lkrf; k4lt cflb ljs/fn ¿kdf lyP . g t b]z, sfn, kl/l:yltsf] / ;dfhsf] g} 8/ lyof], g t To:t} cGo zlQmsf] g} . o;/L ;dfh, wd{ / wfld{stfsf] gfddf Jolerf/, anfTsf/, ljs[t ;fwgfx¿, g/aln, hfb', 6'gfd'gf, df/0f–df]xgleq hsl8Psf] lyof] . o;/L ;dfhdf km}lnPsf] ljs/fn l:ylt, cdof{lbt ;fwgfTds k|lqmofsf lj?4, oL ;Dk"0f{nfO{ u'? uf]/vgfy k|s6 eO{ :ki6 dfu{lgb]{zg k|bfg ug'{eof] .

cfhsf] kl/l:ylt klg 7Ls o;}u/L u'lh|/x]sf] 5, ;fdflhs jftfj/0f c:tJo:t eO/x]sf] 5, dfgjLo k|j[lQx¿ x/fO{ s]jn n'6kf6, xTof, anfTsf/, czflGt cflb bfgjLo k|j[lQsf] af]njfnf al9/x]sf] 5 . g}ltstf, ;Totf, dfgjtf g t b]znfO{ dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{x¿df 5 g t wfld{s u'?x¿df g} 5 . wd{ cfh JolQmx¿sf] nflu dfuL vfg], 7uL vfg] efF8f] ePsf] 5, ;dfh y'k|} ;Dk|bfox¿df ljv08g eO{ ;fdflhs hghLjg ultxLg Pjd\ cl:y/ eO/x]sf] 5 .

— p4j nfld5fg]

:j¿k Knfli6ssf] d'v ;'/;fsf]

xfd|f k'vf{x¿n] sk8fsf] emf]nf k|of]u uy]{ . xfdL nfh–ufh 9fSg sk8fsf] emf]nf xf]Og 7f6 klN6P/ Knfl:6s k|of]u ul//x]sf 5f}+ . of] ;To oyfy{tf xf] . zx/ ahf/ t o;} klg Knfl:6ssf] af?bL w"jfFdf /dfO/x]sf] 5 . rfFbL h:tf 6Nsg] xfd|f lxdfn, t/sf/L / vfBfGgsf pj{/e"ld tyf nfnLu'/fF;sf kfvfx¿;d]t Knfl:6sn] 9fSg yfn]sf] 5 . Knfl:6s alxisf/sf gf/f obfsbf 3lGsPsf] kfOP klg cem} lgoGq0fdf eg] s;}n] klg 7f]; sbd rfn]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g .

lalno8{ ansf] lgdf{0fsf nflu rflxg] xfQLsf] bfFtsf] ljsNk vf]Hg] qmddf ;g\ !*^) tfsf cd]l/sfdf Knfl:6ssf] hGd ePsf] xf] . Tolta]nf Knfl:6s cfljisf/ ug]{ sfd hf]g a]i6nL Xoftn] u/]sf lyP eg] ;g\ !(^) df a]lNhodsf /;fog zf:qL lnof] j]sNof08n] ljB'tLo ;fdfgx¿ lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu Knfl:6ssf] ljsf; u/] . t/ pgn] ljsf; u/]sf Knfl:6snfO{ k'gM k|of]u ug{ eg] ;ls+b}g lyof] . To;kl5 ;g\ !(#) df gfOngsf] cfljisf/ ePsf] lyof] . t/ emf]nfsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] kf]lnlygsf] ljsf; eg] ;g\ !(%) df la|l6z /;fog zf:qLx¿af6 ePsf] 5 .

Ps cg'dfg cg';f/ ljZjdf k|ltJolQm !% s]hL Knfl:6s vkt x'G5 . t/ ljsl;t /fi6«df eg] k|lt jif{ k|ltJolQm *)÷() s]=hL= Knfl:6s k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf Knfl:6ssf] k|of]u cToGt ePsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf sl/a $)) k|sf/sf pBf]u Knfl:6s pTkfbgdf nfu]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf Knfl:6ssf] k|of]u ;g\ !(*) b]lv dfq ePsf] xf] . ;g\ !(&) df df]xgk|;fb >]i7n] sf7df8f}+sf] If]qkf6Ldf klxnf] Knfl:6s pBf]usf] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(*% b]lv g]kfnel/ g} Knfl:6s pBf]u 5l/g k'u]sf] lyof] .

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] @) dfOqmf]geGbf sd tf}nsf] Knfl:6s pTkfbgdf /f]s nufPsf] 5, t/ ahf/df @) dfOqmf]geGbf sd tf}nsf Knfl:6sx¿ 5\ofk5\ofKtL e]l6g] u/]sf] 5 . of] jftfj/0fsf nflu cle;fk /x]sf] jftfj/0fljb\x¿n] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

Knfl:6ssf emf]nfx¿ guNg], g;8\g] cyf{t\ Non Bio-degadable ePsfn] klg o;sf] ;d:of hl6n x'Fb} uPsf] xf] . Knfl:6snfO{ hnfpFbf To;af6 xfO8«f]sfj{g, Snf]/f]ˆnf]/fsfj{g, sfj{g8fOcS;fO8 h:tf UofF; pTkfbg x'g] ePsf]n] o;n] clS;hgnfO{ lj:yflkt ug{ o;af6 jftfj/0fdf cToGt k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ cleJolQm jftfj/0fljb\x¿sf] /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf k|ltjif{ ^) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g sl/a # c/a a/fa/sf] Knfl:6s agfpg k|of]u ul/g] sRrfkbfy{ cfoft ug]{ ul/G5 . To;k|sf/sf sRrf kbfy{ d'VotM l;Ëfk'/, Ol08of, hd{g, a]nfotaf6 Nofpg] ul/G5 . g]kfndf aflN6g efF8f agfpg] h]d{gL Knfl:6s pBf]u kfFr j6f /x]sf] 5 . l/;flSnª pBf]u lrtjgsf] 6fF8Ldf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf sl/a #) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g kf]lnlyg emf]nf pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h;dWo] kfFr xhf/ d]l6«s6g :jb]zd} vkt x'g] u/]sf] 5 / afFsL @% xhf/ d]l6«s 6g ef/tLo ahf/df lgof{t x'g] u5{ . g]kfndf Knfl:6ssf] k|of]u ;jf{lws cf}Bf]lus sfo{sf] nflu ^)÷&) k|ltzt / 3/]n' sfo{sf] nflu #)÷$) k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

— /fhf/fd sfsL{{

lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿M s] tkfO{+ dfofsf] aGwgdf kg{'ePsf] 5 <

c+lstf k|]ddf kfun l5g\ . pgsf] ;f]rfOdf pgn] cfkm"n] vf]h] h:t}, ;kgfsf] /fhs'df/nfO{ k|]dLsf] ¿kdf kfPsL l5g\ . t/ c+lstfsf] cfdfa'af o; ;DaGwaf6 v'zL 5}gg\ . o;}n] c+lstfsf] hLjgdf ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] 5, c+lstf h;nfO{ cufw dfof ul5{g\, pm, c+lstfsf]] dftflktfsf] nflu cfˆgf] /xg;xg, k|lti7fsf] ljk/Lt 7fGb5g\ . kl/jf/df crfgs b]vf k/]sf] of] ;d:ofaf6 pDsg c+lstf cfˆgf] k]|dLsf] ;fydf st} efUg] of]hgf agfp+b} ufGwj{ ljjfx ug{ ;f]lR5g\ .

h'g ;d:of c+lstfsf] h:t} xhf/f}+ lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿sf xf]nfg\ t/ xfd|f] ;dfhdf, cleefjsx¿n] ;Fw} cfˆgf] lg0f{osf] k|e'Tj hdfpFb5g\ . oxL kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿ hLjgdf cfOkg]{ o; k|sf/sf] låljwfk"0f{ cj:yfaf6 5'6\sf/f kfpg s'g} g s'g} pkfosf] vf]hLdf /xg] ub{5g\ .

o:tf] ;do tkfO{++leq pTkGg x'g] xtf;k"0f{ dgl:ylt / kL8fbfoL cg'ej ;fdfGo s'/f x'g\ / o; k|sf/sf] nIf0fn] tkfO{++leq Ps k|sf/sf] kl/jt{g cfpFb} u/]sf] dx;'; u/fpFb5 . of] cj:yf ef]lu/xg' x'g] tkfO{++dfq PSnf] x'g'x'Gg oxfF tkfO{+{+ h:t} y'k|} lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿ cfˆgf] hLjgsf] Psbd lg0ff{os df]8af6 u'lh|/x]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf tkfO{+ ca lxhf]sf] afnfkgnfO{ Tofu]/ o'jfj:yfsf] v'8\lsnfdf k|j]z ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{++sf] x's{+bf] pd]/ tkfO{++{ :jo+sf] klxrfg agfpg pT;'s 5 . of] pd]/df tkfO{+leq cglulGt k|Zgx¿ pl7/x]sf x'G5g\, d sf] x'F < d s:tf] vfnsf] JolQm aGg]5' < d]/f] eljio s] xf] < s] n] d v'zL x'g;S5' < cflb OToflb .

s] o:tf] kl/l:yltnfO{ ;xh agfpg ;+ej 5 < cfkm"n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] x/]s ;d:ofnfO{ cem Jojl:yt u/]/ ;dfwfgsf cjnDag ub}{ ;d:ofsf] xn vf]Hg ;lsG5 . t/ o:sf] nflu k|To]s lszf]/ lszf]/Ln] s]xL hfGg]} k5{, / Tof] xf] xfd|f] hLjg;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] hLjg pkof]uL ;Lkx¿ . hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk eg]sf] bIftfsf] Tof] e08f/ xf] h;n] tkfO{+{+sf] hLjgdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gx¿ Nofpg d2t ub{5 . tL ;Lkx¿ x'g M

cfkm}n] cfkm}nfO{ hfGg], a'em\g] k|of; ug'{ cfTd1fg c¿nfO{ /fd|/L a'em\g ;Sg' cg'e"lt, cfˆgf] efjgf plrt 9+un] /fVg;Sg', k|efjsf/L ;+jfb c¿;Fusf] ;dGjo ;xh x'g', cGt/JolQm ;DaGw, cfˆgf] efjfj]znfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ ;+odtf ÷w}o{jfg, r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{;Sg' k|oTgzLn, x/]s j:t'l:yltnfO{ leGg tl/sfn] d"NofÍg ug'{ l;h{gzLn ;f]rfO, rnfvLsf ;fy ljZn]if0f ug'{ / ;f]Rg', ;+j]bgzLn ljrf/, bfloTjk"0f{ 5gf}6 lg0f{ostf{, ;d:of;F+u h'Wg] lxDdt h'6fpg' ;d:of lgjf/s .

o; k|sf/sf ;Lkx¿n] tkfO{+nfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ / k]|dL k]|dLsf, ;fyLefOx¿;Fusf] cfk;L ;DaGw cem ;'b[9 agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\ . cfˆgf] hLjgdf o:tf] ;Lksf] pkof]u u/]/ tkfO{+n] cfkm"n] b]v]sf ;kgfnfO{ ;d]t k"/f ug{ cfkm"leq cfTdljZjf; hfu]sf] cg'ej ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . s] tL ;Lkx¿ ;f]r]h:t} oyfy{df klg cb\e"t 5g\ t < cfpg'; Psk6s Tof] hLjgf]kof]uL ;LknfO{ ckgfPsf] sf/0f c+lstfn] cfkm"leq s:tf] k|sf/sf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] dx;'; ul/g\ To;nfO{ lgofnf}+ . c+lstfdf hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lksf] k|efj 5 ha c+lstfsf] cfdfn] ljjfx ug]{ s]6fsf] af/]df c+lstfnfO{ atfpg'eof] ta c+lstfn] lgZro ul/g\ cflv/ cfkm"n] lrGb} glrg]sf] dfG5];Fu hLjg s;/L latfpg ;lsG5 < cfˆgf] efjL hLjg;fyL Tof] xf]Og cfkm"n] g} /f]h]sf] k]|dL x'G5 eg]/ cfdfnfO{ eG5' eGg] b[9tf lnOg\ .

x/]s cfdfn] cfˆgf] 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] hLjg ;'vdo xf];, p;nfO{ slxNo} b'Mv kL8fsf] ;fdgf ug{ gk/f];\ / p;sf] hLjg xfF;L xfF;L latf];\ eGg] g} rfxG5g\ / oxL rfxgf tkfO{+{sf] klg 5 eGb} cToGt ldhfl;nf] tl/sfn] c+lstfn] cfh;Dd cfˆgf] nflu cfdfn] ug'{ePsf x/]s k|of;x¿sf nflu s[t1tf klg k|s6 ul/g\ . oL s'/fx¿;Fu} pgn] efj's eP/ cfdfn] cfˆgf] nflu eg]/ /f]Hg'ePsf] s]6fdf s'g} v/faL gePklg p;Fu cfˆgf] ljrf/ / dg gldNg] ePsf]n] ubf{ cfˆgf] efjL hLjg g} w/fzfoL x'g] ;+efjgf klg /x]sf] atfpFb} cfdfsf] of] lg0f{ok|lt cfˆgf] c;xdlt /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbOg\ .

o; k|sf/sf] cfk;L 5nkmnaf6 c+lstfn] cfˆgf] hLjgk|lt a9L lh1f;' ePsf] clg cfkm"n] ;f]r]eGbf cfdfn] cfkm"nfO{ a9L a'em]sf] dx;'; ul/g\ . o;sf ;fy} cfˆgf] eljiosf] af/]df cfdf;Fu cfkm"n] u/]sf] tYo s'/f -cfTd1fg_ klg af:tljs g} ePsf] cjut ul/g\ .

o;kl5 c+lstfn] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] x/]s knx¿ cem pd+uk"0f{ ePsf] pT;fxk"0f{ ePsf] dx;'; ul/g\ . ;fyLx¿;Fusf] af]nrfn, :s'ndf ul/g] Jojxf/ / cWoog cflb ;a}df kl/jt{g cfPsf] cg'ej ub}{ cfˆgf] hLjg cfkm}df lglxt x'+bf]/x]5 / of] clt uxg ljifo /x]5 eGg] ;d]t af]w ul/g\ .

hf] jf:tjd} cfdfa'jf ;dIf cfˆgf] s'/f k|i6 /fVg ;Sb}gg\ pgLx¿sf nflu cfˆgf] s'/f cfdfa'jf;Dd k'¥ofpgsf nflu cGo pkfox¿ klg ckgfpg ;S5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu glhssf cfkmGtx¿sf] d2t M tkfO{++{ To:tf] glhssf] cfkmGtsf] ;xf/f lng'xf]; h:n] tkfO{+sf] s'/fdf tkfO{+{sf] cfdfa'afnfO{ a'emfpg, dgfpg ;Sg'x'G5 .

dfly lbOPsf pbfx/0fx¿af6 lgZro klg tkfO{+n] ca hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lkx¿n] s;/L xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg]{ x/]s r'gf}tL, rfx] Tof] 7"nf] xf];\ of ;fgf], tL ;Fu ;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd agfpFbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] dx;'; ul/;Sg' ePsf] x'g'k5{ . o:t} ljifox¿;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;Gbe{x¿ xfdL cfufdL lbgx¿df ;dfj]z ub}{ hfg]5f}+, o;}n] rgfvf] eP/ k|tLIff ub}{ /xg'xf]nf . ofb /fVg'xf];, ha tkfO{+{n] !) j6f hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lkx¿sf] dxTj a'em]/ To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ yfNg' x'g]5, ta tkfO{+{n] cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ cfh eGbf cem a9L dfof+ ug'{x'g]5 .

;fef/ M o'lg;]km

;ª\s6df kb}{ uPsf] ;Gyfn g[To

g]kfnsf] emfkf / df]/ªdf cNk ;ª\Vofdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf ;tf/ hfltn] k|To]s jif{ ljhof bzdLsf] ef]lnkN6 dftf eujtLsf] k"hf u/L k|:t't ub}{ cfPsf ;Gyfn g[To lgs} k'/fgf] g[To xf] . o; g[Tosf] z'?jft slxn]b]lv ePsf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf o;} eGg g;lsP klg kf}/fl0fs cf:yfcg';f/ o;sf] Oltxf; lgs} k'/fgf] /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;tf/x¿sf] Oltxf; lyof]– l;Gb'/df pNn]v eP cg';f/ k/fk"j{ sfndf b]jtfx¿sf] cg'/f]w :jLsf/ u/L dftf eujtL k|s6 eO{ bfgjLo zlQmnfO{ k/f:t ug'{ ePsf]n] bfgjLo ;]gfx¿ sfDb} eujtLsf] z/0fdf k/]sfn] To;}sf] ;Demgfdf ;Gyfn g[To z'? ePsf] b]lvG5 .

;Gyfn g[To cfˆg} hftLo efiff ufO{hfq] klx/g / /ËLrËL efj elËdfdf /ËLg sldh k~hL -wf]tL h:tf] sk8f_ lz/df do"/sf] KjfFv / P]gf tyf em'Dsfn] agfPsf] km]6f nufO{ hLpdf sNnL afFw]/ afhfufhfsf] ;fydf ;fd"lxs ¿kn] k|:t't ul/G5 .

sfnL / b'uf{sf eQm ;tf/x¿ cfˆgf] hLpdf jif{el/ r9]sf] sfnL, zlQm zfGt kfg{ klg of] g[Todf ;dfj]z x'g] u5{g\ . c¿ hfltsf eGbf k[ys\ g[To ePsf]n] g} ;Gyfn g[To lgs} dgdf]xs / dgf]/Ghgk"0f{ x'G5 . clxn]sf] l8:sf] / klZrdL /Ëd~rdf /dfpg]sf] nflu of] g[To olt /fd|f] gnfu] klg cfˆg} k/Dk/fdf xfF:g] / /dfpg]x¿sf] nflu eg] k|tLIffsf] 38L g} aGg] u5{ .

emfkf lhNnfsf laleGg :yfgdf k|:t't ul/g] ;Gyfn g[To k|foM Ps} lsl;dsf] /xg] ub{5g\ . eQmk'/sf] of] g[To k|:t't x'g] k|d'v :yfgx¿df nvgk'/ uf=lj=;= sf] d+unaf/] ahf/ klg xf] . bz}+sf] PsfbzLsf] lbg oxfF 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] / a]n'sf b'O{ ah]kl5 ljleGg :yfgaf6 cfPsf g[To ;d"xaLr g[Tosf] k|lt:kwf{ x'g] u5{ . of] d]nfsf] 7"nf] dxTj oxL ;Gyfn g[To ePsf]n] oxfF 6f9f 6f9fsf dflg;sf] hd36 x'g] u5{ . t/ lxhf] cfh 38Lsf] 306f sfF6f 3'd] em}+ ;Gyfn g[Tosf] :t/ ;ª\Vof b'j} 3l6/x]sf] 5 . s]xL jif{ cl3b]lv o;} d+unaf/] ahf/df b]vfOg] cfZro{hgs dgf]/~hgk"0f{ g[Tox¿ nf]k x'Fb} cfPsf 5g . g[Todf ;dfj]z ;tf/x¿ k|fo a"9f /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . s]6f s]6L / o'jfx¿sf] ;ª\Vofdf sdL x'gfn] ca s]xL jif{kl5 of] g[To lj:tf/} nf]k gxf]nf eGg ;lsGg . xfn;Dd emfkfsf w]/} 7fpFaf6 ;Gyfn g[To nf]k eO;s]sf] 5 .

u/LaLn] lklN;Psf ;tf/x¿ cem} k|foM :s'nsf] d'vaf6 jl~rt 5g\ . pgLx¿df g hfltut k/Dk/f ;+:s[lt hu]gf{ ug{ kb{5 eGg] 1fg 5 g t s'g} kbn] o;df rf;f] g} b]vfPsf] kfOG5 . To;}n] ;fdflhs lj;Ëlt lj?4 / ;+:s[lt hu]gf{ ug{ :yflkt ljleGg ;ª\3, ;+:yf, Sna cflbn] ;Gyfn g[To pTyfg ug{ ;xof]u k|]/0ff glbP ax';f+:s[lts d'n'saf6 ;Gyfn g[To ;bfsf] nflu x/fpg s]xL a]/ nfUb}g .

— zDe' lg/f}nf, emfkf

P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/tf~rf]s sf]6

g]kfnd} ko{6gsf nflu k|Voft sf:sL lhNnf s]jn k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] dfq k"0f{ 5}g k'/ftg P]ltxfl;s :ynx¿n] klg el/k"0f{ 5 . o:t} P]ltxfl;s :ynx¿dWo] n'Dn] uflj; cGt/ut kg]{ tf~rf]s sf]6 klg Ps xf] . g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f gx'Fb} afO;] rf}la;] /fHotfsfsf v; /fhfx¿n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] hg ljZjf; ul/Psf] tf~rf]s sf]6 k'Ug kf]v/f–afun'ª /fhdfu{sf] sl/a @* ls=dL= kf/ ul/;s]kl5 sfF8] eGg] :yfgdf k'u]/ pq]kl5 ofqf z'? ug'{k5{ .

P]ltxfl;s:ynsf] cjnf]sg dfq gu/]/ k|fs[lts 56fx¿sf] klg /;f:jfbg ug{ kfpg' o; ofqfsf] k|d'v ljz]iftf xf] . sfF8]af6 sl/a 8]9 306f pQ/ klZrd psfnf] pSn]kl5 cli6«og SofDk k'luG5 . af6f] psfnf] eP klg sfF8] cfdf ;dfhåf/f b'O{ ls=dL= l;+9Laf6f] lgdf{0f ul/Psf]n] lx+8\g Tolt sl7g eg] x'Fb}g . To;dfly tkfO{+ kmfu'gb]lv j}zfv;Ddsf] ;dodf hfg'eof] eg] af6f] jl/k/Lsf] hËndf km"n]sf nfnL u'/fF;x¿sf] aLraf6 lxF8\bf slt a]nf cl:6«og SofDk k'luof] kQ} kfpg' x'Gg . cl:6«og SofDk ljz]if u/]/ 6«]lsª hfg] cfpg]x¿sf nflu SoflDkªsf] nflu k|Voft :yn xf] . To;f] t oxfF s]xL nh tyf ;–;fgf xf]6nx¿ klg 5g\ . of] SofDksf] csf]{ ljz]iftf eGg' oxfFaf6 km]jftfn, kf]v/fgu/, kj{t, :ofª\hf, k~rf;], n'Dn], ;Nofg y'k|} :ynx¿ b]lvG5g\ eg] cGgk"0f{, df5fk'R5||], wf}nflu/L, u0f]z h:tf lxdfnx¿ gfËf] cfFvfn] cToGt ;dLkdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . cl:6«og SofDksf] ;fgf] lj>fdkl5 pQ/tkm{ hËnleqaf6 sl/a #) ldg]6 hlt psfnf] r9]kl5 tf~rf]s sf]6 k'luG5 . oxfF b'O{j6f sf]6x¿ 5g\ . z'?sf] sf]6sf] kl/;/df b'O{j6f dlGb/x¿ / Ps lj>fd:yn 5 . oxfF r}t] bz}+ / a8f bz}+sf] ci6dLdf d]nf nfU5 . a8f bz}+sf] ci6dLdf aln klg r9fOG5 . b'O{ dlGb/dWo] Ps dlGb/leq /x]sf] v8\u tTsfnLg /fhfx¿sf] xf] eGg] hg>'lt kfOG5 . sf]6sf] agf}6nfO{ x]bf{ s]xL cUnf] :yfgdf 9'Ëfsf] kvf{nn] 3]l/Psf] 5 eg] To;sf] s]xL tn xQkQ zq'x¿n] k|j]z gkfpg] eg]/ jl/kl/ 7"nf] vf8n vlgPsf] 5 . rf/kf6] kvf{nsf] cfdg] ;fdg] b'O{lt/ ;fgf Kjfn /flvPsf] 5 . tL Kjfnaf6 gfn l5/fO{ Tolta]nf tf]k aiff{OGYof] eGg] cg'dfg :yfgLo hgtfsf] 5 . xfn of] sf]6sf] kl/;/;Fu sl/a b'O{ jif{ cufl8 b"/ ;~rf/ ;+:yfgn] cfˆgf] 6fj/sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . of] sf]6af6 sl/a b'O{ ldg]6 psfnf] r9]kl5 cem} cUnf] :yfgdf csf]{ sf]6 e]l6G5 . of] sf]6sf] jl/k/L To;/L g} 9'Ëfsf] kvf{n nufOPsf] 5 eg] tf]k hfg] b'O{ Kjfn klg /flvPsf] 5 . To:t} jl/kl/ ulx/f vf8nx¿ klg vlgPsf] 5 . of] dflyNnf] sf]6df /fhf cfkm}+ o'4tfsf a:y] eg] tNnf]df ;}lgsx¿ a:y] eGg] cg'dfg 5 . P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/sf ¿kdf /x]sf oL b'j} sf]6x¿ plrt ;+/If0fsf] cefjdf jif}{lkR5] yf]qf kftx¿n] 9flsb} uPsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] tTsfnLg kl/j]z, j:t'l:yltsf] cWoog ug{ kfOg] oL sf]6x¿sf] ;+/If0fdf l9nfO x'g] xf] eg] s]xL jif{ kl5 s]jn sfO{ knfPsf 9'Ëf afx]s oxfF s]xL e]l6g] 5}g .

oxfFaf6 klg ler's, 3fGb|'s a];L h:tf] ufpFx¿ Pjd\ ko{6sLo b'j} b[li6n] ;+/If0fof]Uo 5 . tyf g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df rf;f] /fVg]x¿sf] nflu tTsfnLg afO;] rf}aL;] /fhfx¿sf] af/]df / pgLx¿n] ckgfPsf /fHo ;'/Iff k|ljlwsf af/]df hfGg klg tf~rf]s sf]6 ;xfos l;4 x'g]5 .q clhtk|jf;L æb]jsf]6fÆ, e/tk'/ lrtjg uf]Ëa'df blIf0f Pl;ofs} gd'gf a;kfs{ aGg]\sf7df8f}+sf] uf]Ëa'df cjl:yt a;kfs{nfO{ :yfgLo hgtfx¿ gofF a;kfs{sf] gfdn] lrGb5g\ . of] a;kfs{ lj=;+= @)$( ;fn kmfu'g @^ ut]b]lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] xf] . nfdf] b"/L / 5f]6f] b"/Lsf] u/L sl/a ^ ;oj6f a; cfjthfjt ug]{ o; a;kfs{sf] 6ld{gn ejg hfkfg ;/sf/n] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . %)) j6f;Dd a; kfs{ u/]/ /fVg ;lsg] o; a;kfs{nfO{ xfn blIf0f Pl;ofs} gd'gf a;kfs{sf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f sfo{ ;lsPkl5 oxfF Psxhf/ !)) eGbf a9L a;kfls{ª ug{ ;lsg] ;Da4 sDkgLaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/ PSn}n] d'n'ssf] ;du| ljsf; lgdf{0fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g . o;sf] lhDd]jf/L lghL If]qn] klg plQs} ¿kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . oxL dfGotfcg';f/ sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf–n] uf]Ëa' a;kfs{nfO{ gd'gf a;kfs{sf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ lbg pkof]uL 7fg]sf]n] lnh ;Demf}tf;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] ;"rgf cg';f/ pQm sfo{ ;DkGg nf]T;] ax'p2]ZoLo k|f=ln=n] $% jif{sf] nflu lnh ;Demf}df lnPsf] 5 . o; a;kfs{sf] If]qkmn !^! /f]kgL /x]sf] 5 . oxfFaf6 k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Ddsf !# j6} c~rnx¿df a; cfpg] hfg] ub{5g\ . Nxf]T;] ax'p2]ZoLo k|f=ln=n] kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf o; a;kfs{nfO{ blIf0f Pl;ofs} gd'gf a;kfs{ agfO;Sg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{sf nflu k|f=ln=n] #% s/f]8 ?lkofF 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . uf]Ëa' a;kfs{ 6ld{gnnfO{ ef}lts ;+/rgfn] Jojl:yt u/L cfw'lgs ;'ljwfo'Qm, ;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf; ug]{ nIo /x]sf] k|f=ln=af6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .

cfwf skfn b'Vg] /f]u / To;sf] cfo'j]{bLo pkrf/

dflg;x¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg] /f]ux¿df 6fpsf] b'Vg] /f]u Jofks dfqfdf kfOG5 . of] /f]u cg]s lsl;dsf] x'G5 . s;}sf] k"/} 6fpsf] b'V5, s;}sf] cufl8kl§ b'V5, s;}{sf] k5fl8k§L b'V5, s;}sf] cfwf skfn b'Vg]x'G5 . cfwf skfn b'Vbf s;}sf] bfofF efu dfq} b'V5, s;}sf] afofF efu b'Vg] u5{ .

cfwf skfn b'Vg] /f]unfO{ cfo'j{]bdf cwf{je]bs /f]u elgPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ lxGbL efiffdf cfwf ;L;L, cwskf/L elgG5 . g]kfnLdf c4f b'Vg] elgPsf] ;'lgG5 . o;nfO{ cª\u|]hL efiffdf dfOu|]g elgG5 .

of] /f]u w]/} h;f] jª\zfg'ut ¿kdf kfOG5 . !$ jif{b]lv @@ jif{;Ddsf] pd]/b]lv k|f}9 cj:yf;Ddsf dflg;x¿df of] /f]u a9L kfOG5 . o;df !%–!% lbg cyjf dxLgfsf] aLrdf k6s–k6s 6fpsf] b'Vg] u5{ . z'¿df 6fpsf]sf] Ps Ps efudf b'V5 . To;kl5 cfwf 6fpsf] b'Vg yfN5 . slxn]sfxLF k"/} 6fpsf] / 3fF6L klg b'Vg ;S5 . dlxnfx¿df dfl;s ;|fj x'g] j]nfdf, uef{j:yfdf / ;'Ts]/L ePsf] s]xL dlxgfkl5 of] /f]u ePsf] kfOG5 .

w]/} a]/ a;]/ sfd ug]{, dfgl;s sfd a9L ug]{ / aGb sf]7f–kmf]xf]/–lr;f] jftfj/0fdf a:g] dflg;x¿nfO{ of] /f]u a9L dfqfdf x'G5 .

w]/} lrGtf ug'{, cfFvfdf s'g} /f]u nfUg' -clwdGy cflb_, s'kf]if0f x'g', s'g} s'/fk|lt lj/f]w -PnhL{_ x'g' o;sf] aflx/L sf/0f x'G5 .

of] /f]u nfUbf laxfgL p7\g] lalQs} l/ª\u6f nfU5 . cfFvf cufl8 cFWof/f] b]lvG5 / cFWof/f]df lemNsf b]lvg yfN5 . ;fy} /f]uLnfO{ vfg]s'/f g¿Rg], afGtf x'g] x'G5 . To;kl5 sDkf/f]df l;of]n] 3f]r] em}F b'VgyfN5 . z'¿df h'g cfFvf cufl8 cFWof/f] b]lvPsf] 5 To;sf] csf]{kl§sf] sDkf/f]df b'Vg z'¿ x'G5 / b'vfO{ la:tf/} a9]/ vKg g;lsg] x'G5 . lxF88'n ubf{, 3fd kbf{, rsf]{ cfjfh x'Fbf b'vfO{ emg\ a9\5 . To;kl5 afGtf x'g;S5 . afGtf ePkl5 b'v]sf] sd x'g yfN5 . @–$ 306f;Dd b'v]kl5 b'MvfO{ la:tf/} 36\b} hfG5 / la/fdLnfO{ lgb|f nfU5 . /f]uL ;'t]/ p7\bf b'Vg 5f]8]sf] x'G5 . of] /f]usf] j]u ;do–;dodf cfO/xG5 / /f]uLn] w]/} jif{;Dd b'Mv kfO/xG5 . pd]/ 9NsFb} uPkl5 o;sf] c;/ klg x/fpFb} hfG5 . of] /f]u laxfg 3fd nfu]kl5 z'¿ eP/ lbgdf b'MvfO{ a9\b} hfg] ;fFemkv la:tf/} lgsf] x'g] klg x'G5 . To; lsl;dsf] cj:yfnfO{ cfoj]{bdf ;"of{jt{ /f]u elgPsf] 5 .

of] /f]u nfu]sf] cj:yfdf zfGt 7fpFdf a:g] / 6fpsf]df xNsf dfln; ug]{ ug'{k5{ . cfFvfdf an kg]{ u/]/ w]/}a]/;Dd k9\g], n]Vg], cyjf c¿ sfdx¿ ug'{x'Fb}g . df;', lrof, skmL vfg] afgL 5f]8\g'k5{ . ;fy} tn elgPsf pkfox¿df cfkm"n] ug{ Eofpg] pkfo ug'{k5{

– laxfg 3fd nfUg'eGbf klxn] g} cª\u'/sf] /; Ps sk vfg] ug'{k5{ .

– xLFu kfgLdf 3f]n]/ ;'F£g] ug'{k5{ .

– htfkl§ 6fpsf] b'v]sf] 5 Totfkl§ gfsdf tf]/Lsf] t]n cf7 yf]kf;Dd /fv]/ ;'F£g'k5{ . o;/L kfFrlbg ;Dd ug'{k5{ .

– vfg]a]nfdf dx b'O{rDrf vfg] ug'{k5{

– d"Fufe:d @%) ldnLu|fd, Rojgk|fz Ps rDrfdf ld;fP/ laxfg a]n'sf vfg] ug'{k5{ .

– d"Fufe:d Ps /QL -!@% ldnLu|fd_, uf]bGtL e:d Psu|fd ld>Lsf] w"nf] / £o"df ld;fO{ laxfg–a]n'sf
vfg'k5{ .

– lbg–lbg} !% ldg]6;Dd zjf;gsf] cEof; ug'{k5{ .

— 8f=sfzL/fh zdf{, ;'j]bL

:j/sL wgL zld{nf ab]{jf

cfˆgf] snf / unfsf sf/0f y'k|} g]kfnL ;|f]tfx¿aLr k|Lo ag]sL zld{nf ab]{jf o'jf ufog If]qdf rlr{t x'g k'u]sL 5g\ . /, pgsf] k|ltef / ;Lksf] /fi6«n] /fd|f];Fu sb/ klg u/]sf] 5 . æcfFv}df ;'Sof] ;f/f, cfF;' a/} kf]Vg ;lsgÆ uLtaf6 @)$% ;fndf ufog If]qdf k|j]z u/]sL ab]{jfsf xfn;Dd y'k|} uLt tyf uLlt PNjdx¿ k|sfzgdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ .

lj=;+=@)#) ;fndf hlGdPsL dflxnf ab]{jf / /Ltf ab]{jfsL 5f]/L zld{nf ;fg}b]lv uLt ufpg] ;f]vdf nflug\ / cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] If]qdf ;kmntf klg kfOg\ . xh'/a'af Zofds'df/sf] k|]/0ffaf6 snf If]qdf nfu]sf] atfpg] logL elG5g\ – æjf:tjdf d of] If]qdf xh'/a'afsf] sf/0f af6} nfu]sf] x'F , pxfFn] dnfO{ o:tf] k|]/0ff glbg' ePsf] eP d ;fob of] . If]qdf x'Gy] x'b}gy]+ yfxf 5}g\ . t/, xh'/a'afn] ;fg}b]lv ddf b]lvPsf] pT;fxnfO{ k|]/0ff eg]{ sfddf 7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'eof] . xh'/a'af Ps]8]dLdf sfd ug'{x'GYof] / d}n] klg pxfFaf6 kfpg'kg]{ xf};nf w]/} kfPF . cfh d zld{nf ab]\{jf eg]/ lrlgg'df xh'/a'afsf] 7"nf] k|]/0ff 5 . Æ

kfgL kf]v/Ll:yt efg'eQm d]df]l/Pn df=lj=af6 P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{ u/]kl5 dxf/fhu~h gl;+Ë SofDk;af6 gl;{Ë u/]sL zld{nf xfn lzIff SofDk;df aL=P8= sIffdf cWoog/t l5g\ . cfˆgf] cWoog / ufog If]q b'j}nfO{ Ps};fy cufl8 a9fpFb} cfPsL pgL cfkm"df ePsf] ;Lk / IfdtfnfO{ cem} /fd|f];Fu k|:t't ug]{ sfo{df h'l6/x]sL l5g\ . s'g} klg sfddf hfg]– a'em]/ nfu]df ;kmntf kfpg ;lsg] cg'ej klg zld{nfdf 5 . pgL atfpFl5g\ – æ dnfO{ :j/ / >f]tfx¿n] ;fy lbPdf of] ufog If]qdf cem} s]xL ug{ ;S5' h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . dnfO{ klg snf If]qsf] pGglt / k|ult ePsf]df v'zL 5, t/ xfdLn] csf{sf] b]vfl;sLdf snfsf/ aGg] xf]8df nfUg' x'Fb}+g, Pp6f lglZrt p2]Zo / dfGotf agfP/ cufl8 a9]df cjZo g} ;kmntf kfpg ;lsG5 . u'0ffTds ljsf;df nfUg ;s]gf}+ eg] snf If]qsf] ;fy{stf klg /xb}g . t/ s'g} klg If]qdf nfUg] OR5f x'Fb}df klg x'b}g To; cg';f/sf] lzIff / 1fg klg x'g'k5{ .Æ

ækm"nsf] hjfkm kTy/n] lbg]nfO{

cf}nf] lbFbf ;+;f/} lgNg]nfO{ Æ

æcfuf] nfUof] lbn}dfÆ

æ ;'gsf] laxfgL rfFbLsf] kfgLÆ

æt:jL/df o:tf] dfG5] 5f} s:tf]Æ

h:tf uLtx¿ ufP/ rlr{t ag]sL zld{nf ab]{jfsf @)) j6f cfw'lgs uLt, @)) j6f nf]s uLt, /fli6«o uLt / ehg u/L @) j6f, ljleGg l;g]dfx¿sf !)) j6f uLtx¿sf] /]s8{sf ;fy} tLgj6f uLlt PNjdx¿ k|sfzgdf cfPsf5g\ . log} k|ltefsf sf/0f :jb]zdf dfq xf]Og ljb]zdf klg pgL k|+zl;t ePsL 5g\ – / rlr{t ag]sL5g\ . pgn] a]nfot, xªsª nufotsf d'n'sdf klg cfˆgf] snf b]vfP/ g]kfnsf] /ht / k|lti7f a9fPls5g\ . To;}n] pgL elG5g\ – æ cfkm";Fu ePsf] IfdtfnfO{ ldlxg]tsf ;fy k|of]u u/]df cjZo klg ;kmn xf]OG5 . d o; If]qdf cfpg rfxg] ;fyLx¿nfO{ oxL eGg rfxG5' s'g} klg sfddf lg/Gt/ nfluk/]df c;kmn x'g] eGg] s'/} x'Fb}g .Æ

— uf]s0f{ cof{n