rlr{t k|;+u

– s]bf/ ;'j]bL

sDo'lgHd Nofpg / arfpg bz s/f]8sf] xTof

!) s/f]8 hg;+Vof eg]sf] g]kfnh:tf] % j6f b]zsf] s'n hg;+Vof xf] . of] ;+Vofsf dflg;x? Pp6f /fhg}lts k4lt sDo'lgi6 Joj:yf Nofpg / To;nfO{ hf]ufpg dfq} sDo'lgi6x?n] g} lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf s'/f ;fdfGotofM kTofpg ;lsGg . t/ of] ;To xf] . aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] s/La cfwf efuleq dfq oL xTof ePsf x'g\ . of] ;+Vof vKk/ / glnxf8 e]l6Psf cfwf/df k'li6 ePsf] ;+Vof dfq xf] . k'li6 x'g af“sL /x]sf t/ ;fd"lxs ?kn] xTof ul/Psf ljleGg k|sf/af6 k|fKt ePsf ;"rgfx?sf cfwf/df pTvgg ug]{ / yk vf]Hbf of] ;+Vofdf # u'0ff a[l4 x'g] z+sf ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;+Vof eg]sf] To;a]nfsf] ljZjsf] s'n hg;+Vofsf] slt efu xf] eGg] cfkm}+ of] xTofaf6 *) b]z k|efljt ePsf tYox? km]nf k/]sf 5g\ . of] dflg;x?sf] xTofsf] of] ;+Vofdf g]kfndf ljut % jif{b]lv rnfOPsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{af6 xTofsf] >[+vnfdf dfl/Psf s/La # xhf/ / To;df klg lat]sf] xKtfsf] # lbgsf] cGt/df dfl/Psf ;o hgf eGbf a9L JolQmx? k/]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf gfp“af6 sDo'lghd Nofpg olt JolQmx? dfl/bfsf] of] cjlw eGbf cl3 g} ljZjsf cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] dfly pNn]v ePsf] !( s/f]8 hgtfsf] sDo'lgi6sf gfpaf6 xTof ePsf] ;+Vof ;fj{hlgs u/]sf x'g .

xTofsf] of] ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ efu sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;Qfdf /x]sf] a]nf Tof] sDo'lgi6 ;Qf l6sfpgsf nflu dfq ePsf] cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] /]s8{ /fv]sf 5g\ . sDo'lrofsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;Qf?9 /x]sf] a]nf Tof] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj kf]nkf]6, sf]8{ gfd km]08 g+=–! n] !(&^ b]lv !(&( cyf{t # jif{leq @) nfv hgtfsf] xTof u/]sf] cg';Gwfg qmddf b]lvof] . ?;sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ csf]{ ;Qf?9 cj:yfdf ;aeGbf a9L xTof ug]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ?kdf :yflkt b]lvof] . rLgdf dfq ^ s/f]8 %) nfv JolQmn] sDo'lgi6 Nofpg / rnfpg] gfddf Hofg u'dfpg' k¥of] . Tof] ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ efu ;Qf?9 ePsf a]nfdf dfl/Psf lyP .

elgPnf Pp6f l;+uf] Joj:yf sDo'lgi6 zf;g k4lt la?4 of] cf/f]k xf] . s;}nfO{ To:tf] nfU5 eg] OG6/g]6 x]l/of];\ .

The New Criterion

Archived articles from Volume 18 September 1999–June 2000

Reflections on the end of the Century

o;df lxN6g qm]e/ (Hilton Kramer) sf] Pp6f n]v e]l6g] 5 . To;df sDo'lghd Nofpg To;nfO{ hf]ufpg @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] s/La cfwf efudf slt dfG5] dfl/P5g\, sDo'lgi6x? ;Qf?9 5g slt / ;Qf?9 ePkl5 slt / of] l;4fGtsf] k|rf/ ug{ dfq slt dfG5] dfl/P5g\ eGg] ljj/0f kfOG5 . of] ljj/0f pgn] cfkm}+ tof/ kf/]sf rflx+ xf]Og . k|mfG;sf k|l;4 cg';Gwfgstf{x? :6]km]g sf]l6{h (Stephame Courtoin) lgsf]nfh jy{ (Nicholas werth), lhof n'O{ Kofg] (Jean–Louis Panne) PG8of] k':tssf n]vs ;Dkfbs, cg'jfbgstf{ tyf o;sf ;dLIfsn] ;+;f/el/sf ljåt ju{;+u Pp6f u+eL/ k|Zg /fv]sf 5g\ . gflhjfbsf nflu lx6n/n] @% ldlnog cyf{t\ @ s/f]8 %) nfv JolQmsf] xTof u¥of] . Tof] ck/fwnfO{ ljZjn] cufl8 NofOof] ltgdfly sfjf{xL eof] . ;+;f/el/ Tof] JolQm xTofsf] lgGbf eT;{gf / 3[0ff km}lnof] . t/ Tof] eGbf % u'gf a9L cyf{t\ !) s/f]8 JolQmsf] xTof ug]{ ltgnfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] JolQmx? dfcf] n]lgg :6flng xf]lrldGx cflbx? lsg cfkm} ;Ddflgt, ;df/f]xdf km"nsf dfnf klx¥ofP/ /flvb}5 < /fHo dfG5]sf nflu xf] eGg] dfGotfnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] !) s/f]8 JolQmsf] xTof ck/fwsf] s'g tx xf] < Pp6f ;fwf/0f JolQmn] klg pQ/ kfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

sxf“ slt dfl/P5g\

x]l/of];\ OG6/g]6sf] dfly pNn]lvt kmfOn . Toxf“ oL jl/i7 cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] vf]h]sf km]nf kf/]sf JolQm xTofsf] ;+Vof o:tf] 5 .

o ;f]leot ;+3– @) ldlnog -@ s/f]8_
o rfOgf– ^% ldlnog -^ s/f]8 %) nfv_
o pQ/ sf]l/of– @ ldlnog -@) nfv_
o sDaf]l8of– @ ldlnog -@) nfv_
o leotgfd– ! ldlnog -!) nfv_
o{ k"jL{ o'/f]k –! ldlnog -!) nfv_
o clk|msf– !=& ldlnog -!& nfv_
o ckmuflg:tfg– !=% ldlnog -!% nfv_
o n]l6g cd]l/sf– !,%),)))

;Qfdf gePsf] cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6qm'/tfsf klg gd"gf

!) s/f]8sf] xTof eof] Tof] Pp6f kIf 5"b}5 . t/ xTof h'g qm'/td\ ?kn] ul/of] oL cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] Tof] kIfnfO{ u+eL/ dfg]sf 5g\ . 6fpsfdf 3gn] lxsf{O, vKk/ km'6fO Toxf“af6 lrD6fn] lubL lemlsPsf] 36gfsf] bb{gfs kIfsf af/] dfly pNn]v ePsf cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] To;nfO{ JoQm ug]{ zAb g} gkfPsf] l:ylt b]vfPsf 5g\ . Pp6f ;fgf] pbfx/0fM sDaf]l8ofsf Pshgf 8fS6/nfO{ 3/af6 aflx/ lgsflnof], pgL cfkm}+ d'lQmbftf ;}lgsx?sf] :jfut ug{ a;]sf lyP . z'Ns ltg{ g;Sg] u/Lax?sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/df nfu]sf oL 8fS6/ cfkm}+ dfgjLo lyP / k|rf/ ul/P cg';f/ sDo'lgi6 ;]gfnfO{ d'lQmbftf dfGby] . pgsf 3/df ;}lgs cfP, logn] cfkm" u/La hgtfsf] lgMz'Ns ;]jfdf nfu]sf] atfp“b} ;}lgsx?sf] :jfut u/] . t/ ;}lgsx?n] b]zb|f]xLnfO{ pkrf/ u/]sf] atfp“b} uf]nL xfg], pgsL kTgLsf] klg ToxL Ps} k6s xTof ul/of] .

Pp6f ;fgf] sf]7fdf ;o xhf/ hgf dfG5] sf]lrof] / aflx/af6 kmnfdsf 808Ln] 3]l/of] / sf]7fdf tfnf nufP/ 5f]l8of] . Tof] Pp6f :s"nsf] sf]7f /x]5g\ kl5 cg';Gwfgstf{ tL JolQmx?sf vKk/ gnLxf8 vlK6Psf cj:yfdf dfq kfOP . k':tsdf sDo'lgi6 hf]ufpg sxf“ s'g a]nf s:tf s:tf lgbf]{if JolQmx?nfO{ s;/L xTof ul/of] Tof] a]nfsf efUojz ar]sf k|ToIfbzL{x?sf egfO{ klg of] k':tsdf kfOG5 . tL qm'/td\ xTofdf :6flng dfcf] klg k5{g\ . sDaf]l8ofsf] Pp6f ;fd"lxs xTof 36gfsf] ljj/0f klg To:t} 5 . ;/sf/n] vfgf af“8\g] egL ;"rgf ul/of] / Pp6f lglZrt 7fp“df u/La hgtfnfO{ e]nf kfl/of] . vfgf lnP/ nfn;]gf cfp“b}5g\ egL ltgnfO{ lgs}a]/ k|tLIff ul/of], ;}lgs a;]sf 6of] k':tsdf o:tf y'k|} 36gf pbfx/0fsf ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ h;nfO{ oxf“ pNn]v u/L ;fWo x'"b}g .

;a}sf] em08f Pp6}

dfcf] x'g\ ls n]lgg :6flng, kf]nkf]6 x'g\ ls xf]lrldGx . hxf“ hxf“ of] ;fd"lxs xTof ul/of], xTofkl5 Tof] 7fp“df ufl8Psf] em08f Pp6} lyof]– xl;of“ xyf}8f c+lst /ftf] em08f . of] k':tsn] of] s'/fnfO{ klg cToGt dfld{s ?kn] lrq0f u/]sf] 5 . t/ o;sf] pbfx/0f rflx+ tL !) s/f]8 dfG5] dfl/Psf] 7fp“df k'Ug' kb}{g . g]kfnd} x]l/of] eg] kfOG5 .

g]kfndf clxn] ;aeGbf w]/} s'g} kf6L{ 5g\ eg] tL sDo'lgi6 gfds} 5g\ . slxn] gf} jfd slxn] afx| jfd egL k6s–k6s cfpg] u/]sf rrf{x?n] klg ToxL b]vfp“5 . k|d'v k|ltkIfL kf6L{ g]skf Pdfn]n] l;+xb/af/sf] ;+;bLo bndf /fv]sf] em08f / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] h+unsf u'kmfdf uf8]sf] em08f klg Pp6} xf] . slxn]sflx+ s:tf];Dd b]lvPsf] 5 eg] Pp6f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] csf]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbLsf sfo{stf{sf] klg xTof u/] . Tof] xTofkl5 xTof ug]{ kf6L{n] ljho dgfp“b} Tof] nfzdfly /fv]sf] em08f / kl5 xTof x'g] kf6L{n] zf]s dgfp“b} ToxL nfz dfly /fv]sf] em08f Pp6} x'g] u/]sf y'k|} k6s b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .

s'/f klg ldN5, xltof/ afx]ssf ;/sf/ lj?4 cyf{t\ ;/sf/nfO{ cl:y/ ;a} vfn] cfGbf]ng ug]{ egL Pp6f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ l;+xb/af/af6 3f]if0ff u5{ / csf]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ h+unsf u'kmfaf6 lgl:sP/ dWo/ftdf #)–$) hgfsf] Ps} 7fp“df Ps} k6s xTof u5{ . af“sL sDo'lgi6af6 Tof] xTofsf] lj/f]w x'"b}g . a? k|wfgdGqLn] Tof] xTofsf] bf]if lnP/ /fhLgfdf dfluG5 / k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;fdflhs aflxisf/ u/]sf] 3f]if0ff hf/L x'G5 .

s]xL cl3 b}n]vdf #@ hgf k|x/L dfl/bf Tof] xTof ug]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf sfo{stf{n] xTof ubf{sf] If0fdf nfPsf] ljz]if k|sf/sf] Sofk e]l6Psf] lyof] . tf/f lrGx c+lst Tof] Sofk To;sf] s]xL lbg cl3 g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL–n]lggjfbL -dfn]_sf] l;/fxf ;Dd]ngdf Tof] kf6L{sf dxf;lrjb]lv pkl:yt ;a} sfo{stf{n] nufPsf lyP .

Pp6f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] Ps} k6s #@ hgf k|x/Lsf] xTof u¥of] . Tof] xTofsf] lhDdf Tof] kf6L{sf dxf;lrjn] lnP, To:tf] dGtJo ;fj{hlgs eof] . To;} lbg otf k|d'v k|ltkIfLdf /x]sf] csf]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ Pdfn]sf dxf;lrjn] jQmJo hf/L ub}{ ca cfkm"x? klg h+un k:g] egL atfP . csf]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfn]sf dxf;lrjn] To;} a]nf jQmJo lbP– h+undf /x]sf] Tof] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg ;/sf/df Nofp“ . Pp6f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ h+unaf6 km'Q lg:s]/ @)–#)–$) hgfsf b/n] ;fd'lxs xTof u5{ To;sf] ef]lnkN6 otf csf]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ k|wfgdGqLsf] k'tnf hnfp“5 .

ut Ps xKtfsf g]kfndf ePsf oL ultljlwnfO{ dfly rrf{ ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ lj4fgx?n] yfxf kfPsf eP o;nfO{ klg /]s8{df /fVy] xf]nfg\ . oxf“ klg sDo'lgi6x?sf] sfd ug]{ Pp6} z}nL Pp6} k|sf/ / Pp6} l;4fGt JolQm xTofsf] l;4fGtsf] k|]/0ff xf] eGg] oL 36gfx? cfkm}+ pbfx/0f e}/x]sf 5g\ .

===t/ ;Qf rflx+ ar]g

olt dfG5] df/]/ :yflkt ePsf] sDo'lgi6 zf;g hf]luPg . !(@) sf] bzsdf ePsf] / ;+;f/el/sf sDo'lgi6x?sf] k|d'v ;|f]tsf ?kdf /x]sf] ;f]leot sDo'lghd c;Lsf] bzsdf ktg eof]] . c;Lsf] bzs;Dd ;+;f/el/sf @# j6f b]zdf sDo'lgi6 zf;sx? lyP . t/ To;kl5 ktg x'"b} x'"b} () sf] bzsdf % j6f b]zdf dfq ;Lldt x'g k'u] . s/La & s/f]8 dfG5] df/]/ :yflkt ePsf] rLg oxL bzsb]lv gfd dfqsf] sDo'lgi6jfbL b]z x'g k'Uof] . clxn] t Toxf“ sDo'lgi6 d]lgkm]:6f] cg';f/ cyjf egf}+ ;fDojfbL zf;g k4ltsf] cjz]ifsf ?kdf kf6L{sf] gfp dfq 5 . dn]l;ofdf clxn] sDo'lgi6 zf;g 5 t/ Tof] r'gfjaf6 5flgP/ cfPsf] xf] . olt w]/} dfG5]sf] d[To'af6 hlGdPsf] sDo'lgi6 ;Qf lsg olt l56} o;/L w/fzfoL aGof] eGg] k|Zg klg clxn] rrf{df 5 .

s'g b]zdf slxn] ;fDojfbLx? ;Qfdf cfP < ;fy} slxn] tL b]zx?df k'gMk|hftGqsf] :yfkgf eof] eGg] hfgsf/L lbg Ps tflnsf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

cGt/+u

– e/t sf]O/fnf

s'a]/k|;fb zdf{

hGdM !(($, dsjfgk'/, -dfjn_ 3/M ;Kt/L . lzIffM rf6{8{ Psfp6]06 . g]=la=ln=sf] lrkm Psfp06]06, /fli6o /fhgLlttkm{ s;/L nfUg'eof] <

– @))$ ;fnsf] s'/f xf]– xfd|f] 3/df sfd ug]{ Pshgf dfG5]n] d';/gL lnP/ efu]sf] sf/0f p;nfO{ hftaf6 x6fP . Tof] 36gfdf d]/f] lktfhL /fdk|;fb pkfWofon] lj/f]w hgfp“b} To;sf] xftn] 5f]Psf] vfg]s'/f xfd|} cf“ugdf k:s]/ ef]h v'jfpg' eof] . xfd|f lj/f]wL cyf{t\ /f0ffzf;s ;dy{sx?n] xfdLnfO{ kfgL grNg] hftsf] vfgf vfg]x? sf+u|];Lx? x'g\– logLx? lj?4 sf/jfxL x'g'k5{ eGg] ph'/ xfn] . o; 36gfn] xfdL klg hftaf6 sfl9of}+ . cjfl~5t tTjh:tf eof}+ . xfdLx?sf] kIfsf 3/df hGd]sf s]6fs]6Lx?sf] Gjf/fg klg ePg . k'/]TofO{ ug{ k'/]tx? dfg]gg\ . gft]bf/x? 3/df cfpg 5f8] . hj ;ft ;fnsf] qmflGt ;lsof], To;kl5sf a8fxflsdn] kfgL d'2f klg sxL+ x'G5 egL Tof] d'2f l9;ld; u/] . clg ;a} km'Sof] . csf]{ s'/f logLx? sf+u|];L x'g\– sf+u|];L sfuhkqx? logLx?sf 3/df 5 eg]/ ldN6o ;ft;fnsf] qmflGtdf ;xefuL klg x'g' eof] <

– ;ft ;fnsf] qmflGtsf nflu xfd|f] 3/ 5]p g} Pp6f lzlj/ lyof] . Tof] SofDkdf d uO/xGy]+ . xltof/ rnfpg] 6o /fhgLlttkm{ gnfu]/ hflu/tkm{ lsg hfg'eof] <

– hj d}n] aDa}af6 rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L k"/f u/]+, tj cfkm\g} 7fp“ uP/ oxL n]vf k/LIf0f k]zf g} z'? ug]{ nIo agfPsf] lyp“ . To;a]nf rf6{8{ Psfp06]06 eGg] s'/f clwsf+z dflg;nfO{ yfx} lyPg . t/ hj d cfkm\gf] k9fO{ ;s]/ cfp“, tj To;a]nf kz'klt zDz]/ hj/f, 8f=e]ifaxfb'/ yfkfn] a9L k|];/ tyf k|nf]eg lbb} g]a}lnsf] hg/n d]g]h/ agfOlbg] cfZjf;g lbP . d Toxf“ rLkm Psfp06]06 eP/ k;] klg pgLx?n] dnfO{ hg/n d}g]h/ agfpg ;s]gg\– d}n] klg abgfdLsf] 8/n] Tof] gf]s/L 5f]8\g ;lsg . To;sf] ;§f dnfO{ aLdf ;+:yfgsf] hg/n d]g]h/ agfp5' egL nu]+– b'O{aif{ sfd' hL=Pd= eP/ sfd ubf{ klg :yfoL agfpg ;s]gg\ .

o gf]s/L lsg 5f]8\g' eof] t <

– sd{rf/L lgo'lQmb]lv lnP/ cGo s]xL To:tf sfddf of]Uotf, Ifdtf x]/L sfd ug'{ Gofo lbg' ;§f æ/fhg}lts k|];/Æ af6 d}n] sfd ug'{ kg]{ jftfj/0f v8f ePsfn] To:tf] cg}lts sfd ug{ d]/f] dgn] gdfg]s} sf/0fn] % aif{;Dd gf]s/L u/]/ 5f]8]+ . To;kl5 kqsfl/tf If]qtkm{ ælgd{nÆ ;fKtflxs, hgdt ;+u|xdf hgsk'/sf] æhgcfsf+IffÆ, bdg 9'+ufgf, s[i0fk|;fb l;Ub]n, cfªbf]h]{ nfdf / d ldn]/ æ/fhwfgLÆ ;fKtflxs klg rnfof}+ . oL klqsx? k|jn k|hftGq kIfw/sf lyP .

o ;lqmo /fhgLltdf r}+ slxn] b]lv nfUg'eof] <

– gf]s/L 5f]8]kl5 d aL=kL=sf]O/fnfsf] ;+utdf hfg agf/; hfg yfn]+ . Psk6s pxf“sf] kq ;lxt o'/f]ksf] ;f];lni6 kf6L{nfO{ e]6L ;z:q qmflGtsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg up“ . ;f];lni6 OG6/g]zgn ;dIf aL=kL=sf] ;a} ultljlwsf] l/kf]6{ lbp“ . To;kl5 cd]l/sf k'uL ;+/f;+3df cli6o Psk6s lszg'hL;+u tkfO{sf] ;fx|} glhssf] ;DjGw lyof] lg < s;/L To:tf] cfTdLotf a9\of] <

– hgdt ;+u|xsf] cjlwe/ ax'bnLo kIfsf] jsfnt ub}{ lx8]sfn] g]sfsf g]tfx?;+u glur x'g' :jefljs g} xf] . o;} ;Gbe{df g]sfsf g]tf af]wk|;fb pkfWofo d]/f] legfHo' kg'{ x'GYof] . pxf“ a/fa/ dsxf“ cfO/xg' x'GYof] . pxf“n] g} lsz'ghLnfO{ dsxf“ NofP/ d]/f cgGo ;xof]uL eg]/ kl/ro u/fOlbg'eof] . kl/ro æbf]:tfgfÆdf kl/0ft ePkl5 e§/fO{hL a/fj/ dsxf“ cfpg yfNg'eof] . kl5 t x/]s zlgjf/ ljxfg gf:tf ug{ cfpg] ?l6¨h:t} x'g k'Uof] . To;a]nf Psfw hgf sf+u|];Ldfq pxf“sf cl3 kl5 nfu]/ cfp“y] . slxn] /fdxl/ hf]zL, slxn] ;L=s]=k|;fO{, slxn] z]/axfb'/ b]pjfx? cfp“y] . Tof] qmd lgoldt t 5"b} lyof], t/ ax'bn cfPkl5 t Tof] qmddf Psfw JolQmaf6 Psfw ;osf ;+Vof kl/0ft x'g k'Uof] . o:t} lgs6tfsf] sf/0f pxf“n] dnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf dgf]gLt klg ug'{eof] .

o e§/fO{hL;+u tkfO{sf] dte]b r}+ s;/L eof] <

– k|hftGq cfPkl5 e§/fO{hLsf jl/kl/ pxf“sf rf6'sf/x?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uof] . pgLx?n] d]/f] lj/f]wdf s'/f ;'gfp“b} hfg yfn]– e§/fO{hLn] klg ;'Gb} hfg' eP5 . clg t g]sf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] PsfPs k'gu{7g ug'{x'"bf dnfO{ Ps jrg klg ;f]Wg' ePg . k'gu{7g ug]{ lbg ljxfg d / 9'08L/fh zf:qL pxf“sf]df uPsf lyof}+ . Toxf“ pxf“n] s]xL eGg' ePg . 3/df cfP/ /]l8of] ;'Gbf t d / zf:qLhLnfO{ x6fP/ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt k'gu{7g u/]sf] ;'Gbf e§/fO{hLn] t xfdLnfO{ dfG5] g} ug]sf] /x]g5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUof] . kf6L{df ;+u} a;]/ Toqf] cjlw sfd ubf{ cfkm\g} s'g} OHht / k|lti7f g} /x]g5 eGg] dx;'; eof] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:oaf6 x6\g'eGbf klg pxf“n] s'g} dxTj glbPsf] dfG5] ;/x dnfO{ 7fGg' ePsf] /x]5 eGg] a'emL d}n] cfkm"nfO{ ax't} ckdflgt ePsf] 7fg]+ . ToxL sf/0fn] pxf“;+u 6fl9Psf] x'" .

o ;ft ;fn cl3b]lv g} sf+u|];df nfUg' ePsf] dflg; Tolt ;fgf] 36gfn] ubf{ g} sf+u|]; 5f]8\g' ePsf] xf] t <

– Psflt/ cfkm"n] dfg]sf] g]tf e§/fO{hLsf] dk|ltsf] To:tf] Jojxf/ csf{lt/ ;Kt/Laf6 bf];|f]k6s r'gfj n8\bf sf]O/fnf kIfn] wf“wnL u/]/ r'gfj x/fpg]h:tf Jojxf/ dfly ePkl5 If'Jw eP/ al;/x]sf] lyP . To;}a]nf cfkm\gf] kf6L{ e|i6frf/df klg d'l5g k'u]sf], sDo'lgi6x?;+u le8Gt x'g yfn]sf h'g s'/f aflx/ cfO;s]sf lyP, tL b'a} s'/fsf] d}n] g]tf åoaLr lj/f]w u/]+ . d]/f] egfO{ lyof]– e|i6frf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ k5{, clg sDo'lgi6x?;+u ;xdlt sfod u/]/ k|hftflGqs d"n wf/fdf Nofpg' k5{ . d]/f oL b'a} s'/fk|lt pxf“x?n] rf;f] g} b]vfpg' ePg . o:tf sltko sf/0fn] g]sf 5f]8]sf] x'" .

o kf6L{ 5f]8]kl5 e§/fO{hL;+u s'g} enfs';f/L x'"b}g <

– e]63f6sf jvt s'/fsfgL x'Gy] . pxf“n] g} d;+u w]/} k6s s'/fsfgL ug'{ x'"bf d}n] pxf“nfO{ eg]– æe§/fO{hL, tkfO{ xfdLn] o:tf] sfd gu/f}+, h;af6 g tkfO{nfO{ g dnfO{ g} kmfObf x'G5 . d tkfO{;+u lgs6df /fVb} up“ eg] d]/f] xl/ofnL kf6L{ rNb}g– lsgls of] kf6L{ t e§/fO{hLn] kf] rnfO{ lbPsf] /x]5 eGg] cj;/ dflg;n] kfp5g\ . tkfO{+ dsxf“ klxn]h:tf] cfpg' eof] eg]– lul/hfk|;fbn] clxn] klg s'a]/sf] ;/;Nnfxdf e§/fO{hL lx+8\g' x'"bf] /x]5 eGg' x'G5 . t;y{ af6f] cnu ePkl5 e]l6/xg' kg]{ b/sf/ s] 5 <Æ cfhsn d k|foM e]6 klg x'"b}g . e]63f6 eOxfNof] eg] xfO{–x]nf] r}+ x'G5 . c? s'/f pxf“ ug{ rfxg'x'G5 ls x'"b}g dnfO{ 5}g, t/ d r}+ pxf“;+u a9L s'/f ug{ rfxGg .

o xl/ofnL kf6L{ vf]Ng] lg0f{o s;/L ug'{eof] <

– d @)#^ ;fn cl3 b]lvg} kf6L{sf s]xL d;+u ldNg] ldqx? ;dIf eGb} cfPsf lyP– æsf+u|]; eg]sf] sf]O/fnfsf] kf6L{ xf], o;df xfd|f] u'~hfO; 5}g . g]kfndf csf]{ k|hftflGqs kf6L{ km:6fpg klg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] xfdL Pp6f kf6L{ vf]nf}+ .Æ d]/f] of] k|:tfjnfO{ k|bLk lu/L, b'uf{ ;'j]bLx? s] eGg'x'GYof] eg]– lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfkl5 Tof] kl/jf/df kf6L{ rnfpg] sf] 5 / < pxf“ kl5 t oxL kf6L{ xfdLn] sAhf ug'{k5{ . pxf“x?nfO{ d}n] Toltv]/ g} eg]sf] lyp“– sf]O/fnfx?nfO{ csf]{ kf6L{af6 x/fpg ;lsG5 t/ g]kfnL sf+u|];leq x/fpg ;lsb}g . kf6L{ tkfO{ xfdLnfO{ rflxG5 eg] sf]O/fnf kl/jf/nfO{ emg\ rflxG5 . To;}n]] of] kf6L{ pgLx?nfO{ g} 5f“l8lbp“ .Æ kl5 uP/ Tof] kf6L{ 5f]8]kl5 o'/f]ksf] u|Lg kL; d'ed]G6sf af/]df h'g cWoog u/]sf] lyp“– ToxL ;dodf Pdfn] 5f]8]/ cndln/xg' ePsf ab|L vltj8f ;Dks{df cfP/ dnfO{ eGg'eof]– #)–#% hgf JolQm of]Uo 5fg]/ k~rfotsfndf jfdx?nfO{ :jtGqsf ?kdf p7fP em}+ p7fpg] k|:tfj /fVg'eof] . d}n] eg]+– ax'bn cfPkl5 /fhgLlt ug]{ xf] eg] kf6L{sf] dfWodaf6 ug'{k5{, gq c?nfO{ lx/f] agfpg] sfddf cfkm\gf] >dzlQm / k};f vr{ ug'{ kg]{ cf}lrTo b]lVbg . clg d}n] lu|g lk;af/] hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 xfdLn] ldn]/ ToxL gfdsf] kf6L{ vf]n]sf xf}+ . clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{ cGt/f{li6o g]kfnL sf+u|];d} kms{g r}+ slxn]slx+ dg nfUb}g <

– pgLx? g} cfkm\gf] kf6L{af6 knfog x'g] a]nfdf xfdL lsg g]sfdf ;dfj]z x'g hfg] < xfd|f] u|Lg lk; d'ed]G6 g} cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 lg /

dgsf] uf“7f]

k|;+uM k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfkl5sf] of] P3f/ jif{nfO{ s;/L d"Nof+sg ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

ljs[lt, lj;+ultsf] lhDd]jf/L g]tfx?n] lng' k5{

/jLGb| 9sfn

k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfsf] of] P3f/ jif{sf] cjlwdf d'n'sdf af]Ng kfpg] :jtGqtfsf] pkof]u ;a} hgtfn] ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . 6]lnkmf]g, lzIff, :jf:Yo, nufotsf If]qdf ;+VofTds ?kdf Jofks ljsf; eP klg u'0ffTds ?kdf vf;} ljsf; ePsf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5}g . t/ ;~rf/sf If]qdf of] P3f/ jif{sf] cjlw lgSs} ljsf; ePsf] 5 . 7"nf ;fOhsf s/La Ps bh{g klqsf v'n]sf 5g\ . ce}m v'Ng] qmd hf/L 5 . b}lgs klqsfx?sf]aLrdf Jofks k|lt:kwf{ rn]sf] 5 . gof“ gof“ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u x'"b}5 . To;}u/L y'k|} ;fKtflxs / kflIfs klqsfx? klg rln/x]sf 5g\ . k|hftGqsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] kqsfl/tf hutdf 7"nf] ljsf; x'g' ;sf/fTds ;+s]t xf] . To;}u/L, /fhwfgLdf dfq} cfwf bh{geGbf klg a9L Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]x? v'n]sf 5g\ .

lghL :t/af6 6]lnlehg v'n]sf 5g\ / v'Ng] qmd hf/L 5 . o;nfO{ of] P3f/ jif{sf] dxTjk"0f{ pknlAwsf ?kdf lng' kb{5 . t/ g]kfnL kqsfl/tf hutdf b}lgs kqklqsfx? Joj;flos ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf 5g\ . t/ lx+;f, xTof / cft+sn] of] P3f/ jif{sf] cjlwdf r/d ?k lnPsf] 5 . g]kfns} Oltxf;df ;aeGbf a9L dflg;x? !! jif{sf] cjlwdf dfl/Psf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 k|f/De eP otfsf] %–^ jif{sf] cjlwdf s/La b'O{ xhf/ hgtf dfl/Psf 5g\ . oxL czflGtsf sf/0f jt{dfg ax'bnLo Joj:yfeGbf k~rfot g} 7Ls lyof] eGg] efjgf hgtfdf pTkGg x'g yfn]sf] 5 . g]tfx? e|i6 / :jfyL{ ePsf]n] o:tf] cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] xf] . To;}n] clxn] pTkGg ljs[lt, lj;+ultsf] lhDd]jf/L klg g]tfn] g} lng'k5{ .

– cdnfrf}/–$, s'9/ jn]jf, afun'ª

s]xL dfG5] df]6fP

jnb]j cfrfo{

k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf ePkl5 g]kfnL hgtfn] u/]sf] ck]Iff cg'?k d'n's rNg ;s]sf] 5}g . cfd hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ dfly p7\g'sf] ;§f lbg k|ltlbg tn vl:s/x]sf] 5 . hgtfn] :jtGqtfk"j{s cleJolQm lbg] :jtGqtf kfPsf 5g\ . t/ Tof] clwsf/ klg s]xL ;Lldt If]qdf dfq sfod 5 . dfcf]jfbL k|efljt If]qdf ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt 5}g . Toxf“ k|x/L k|zf;gn] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff ;d]t ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLsf] lj/f]w ug]{ /fhgLlts kf6L{ ltgsf sfo{stf{ / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ ;kmfof ub{5g\ . oL ;a} lqmofsnfk x]bf{ hgtfn] k|hftGqsf] cg'e"lt ;d]t ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . k|hftGq cfPkl5 s]xL ;Lldt JolQmx? df]6fPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] ;Dk"0f{ b'O{ s/f]8 hgtfsf] :jtGqtfsf] pkof]u s]xL ;Lldt JolQmx?n] ul//x]sf 5g\ .

hgtfn] s]xL kfP eg] Tof] s]jn g]tfx?af6 cfZjf;g kfP . d'n'sdf s;/L cg}ltstf / e|i6frf/ x'"bf]/x]5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfP . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] a]nf sd{rf/L / dflkmofn] b]z s;/L 8'afp“bf /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f yfxf kfP of] P3f/ jif{df . g]kfnL /fhgLltdf Jofks ljs[lt / lj;+ultx? pTkGg eP . /fhgLlts g]t[Tjaf6} t:s/ / dflkmofx?sf] ;+/If0f u/]sf] ;a}n] yfxf kfP . g}lts d"No / dfGotfdf v8]/L b]vf k¥of] . ;QflnK;fsf] /f]uaf6 ;a} bn / ltgsf g]tfx? s;/L u|l;t x'G5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] gd"gf of] P3f/ jif{ aGg k'Uof] . oBlk @)$* ;fnkl5 ag]sf] kxnf] hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] s]xL /fd|f] sfdsf] z'?jft u/]sf] lyof] t/ @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rgdf s'g} klg bnn] ax'dt gNofp“bf ljs[ltx? lelqP . dfcf]jfbL ;d:of klg To;}a]nf z'? eof] / ca oL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf IfL0f eP/ uPsf] 5 .

– sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno, sfe|]

g]tfx¿sf] km';|f] efif0fn] s]xL x'"b}g

;'>L ;fljqL /fhj+zL

@)$^ ;fndf k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yf{kgfkl5 d'n's bzf}+ jif{ k"/f u/L P3f/f}+ aif{df plePsf] 5 t/ xfn;Dd s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] hgrfxgf cg'?ksf] sfd ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . s;}df lehg 5}g . ;a} cfkm\gf] JolQmut / kfl/jfl/s :jfy{df nfu]sf sf/0f k|hftGq sdhf]/ x'"b}5 . lx+;f, xTof / cft+ssf 36gf r/d 9+uaf6 a9]sf 5g\ . b}lgs Ps bh{g eGbf a9Lsf b/n] dflg; dfl//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df olt w]/} dflg; slxNo} dfl/Psf lyPgg\ . /utsf] vf]nf] aUbf;Dd klg /fHo;Qf ;Dxfn]sf g]tf hgtf / b]zk|lt ;Dj]bgzLn gx'"bf cfh d'n's of] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] xf] . oxL sdhf]/Lsf] kmfObf p7fp“b} g]tfx?n] cfkm\gf] O{dfg hdfg ;xL l;4fGtnfO{ a]r]/, aL=kL=sf] gfd a]r]/ lghL :jfy{ kb / k};fsf nflu em} emu8f ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]tfx?sf] o:tf] lqmofsnfkn] g t b]zsf] lxt x'G5 g t hgtf / g]tfx?s} < g]tfx?sf u'6 / pku'6 5g\ . ToxL ljefhgsf] kmfObf p7fp“b} k|ltudgsf/L zlQmx?n] k|hftGq lj?4 if8oGqsf] lju'n km'ls/x]sf 5g\ . k|=d=sf ;xof]uL / e|i6 dGqLn] ;aeGbf a9L pxf“nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . To;tkm{ k|=d=sf] Wofg gk'Ug' / pxf“ s]xL ;Lldt dflg;x?sf] 3]/fdf kg'{n] ;a}nfO{ ddf{lxt agfPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf b]z agfpg] s;n] < k|hftGq hf]ufpg] s;n] < oxf“ ;a} cfkm\g} e'"8L / esf/L eg{df dflx/ 5g\ . clg lsg /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] hgtfx?sf] cufl8 nfh} krfP/ u/Lj hgtfnfO{ o;f] u5'{ eg]/ wfs p8fp“b} lx8\g' < g]tfx?nfO{ hgtfsf] cufl8 cj klg cfZjf;g af8\g nfh nfUg' kg]{ xf] < Odfg hdfg ;xL l;4fGt a]r]/ vfg] JolQmx?sf] ;/sf/ s:tf] x'G5 < cem} klg hgtfn] ;f]Rg' h?/L 5 .

e'Qmef]uL, ;'ljwfef]uL, JolQmjfbL dxnsf dflns xfd|f g]tfx? olt 5f]6f] cjlwdf s;/L eP < hgtf Ps 5fs vfg gkfP/ dl//x]sf 5g\ . t/ xfd|f g]tf s/f]8f}+sf] uugr'DaL dxndf a:5g\, nfvf}+sf] kh]/f] zo/ u5{g\ < h'g;'s} kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ ag] klg ;'ljwfef]uL JolQmx?sf] sdL 5}g\ . g]tfx? To:tf] lqmofsnfkaf6 k|hftGq sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . cem} klg ;'wfg]{ k|of; ePg eg] h] klg x'g ;S5 <

– cflbjf;L c;xfo afnaflnsf tyf dlxnf pTyfg ;+3, emfkf

cy{rqm

pbf/ gLltn] klg ;d:of hGdfof]

k|hftGq:yfkgfkZrft\ g]kfnn] cjnDag u/]sf] pbf/ cfly{s gLltn] d'n'sdf pBd cj;/ k|z:t lbnfPsf] 5 eg]/ g]tfx?n]] efif0f u/] klg oxf“sf pBd / pBdLx? eg] w]/} vfn] ;d:ofdf hsl8g k'u]sf 5g\ . cfoftdf lnPsf] pbf/ gLltsf sf/0f ljutdf ljb]zL ;fdfg k|lt:yfkg ug]{ Wo]on] ;+rflnt pBdx? t emg\ ;+s6fkGg cj:yfdf k/]sf 5g\ . a9\bf] pTkfbg nfut, sdhf]/ ;"rgf k|0ffnL, Go"g u'0f:t/ h:tf sf/0fn] o:tf pBdx?sf cfGtl/s / afx\o ahf/ la:tf/ x'g klg ;s]sf] 5}g .

cGt/f{li6ahf/ ;d:of

cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f / ljZjJofkLs/0fn] ljZj ahf/df k|lt:kwL{ ?kdf k|j]z ug]{ cj;/sf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfnsf nflu Tof] 9f]sfaf6 aflx/ k7fpg] b/eGbf aflx/af6 -ljZjahf/_ g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s ahf/df k|j]z x'g] b/ a9L eof] . o;sf/0f cfGtl/s ahf/sf] dfu x]/]/ :yflkt g]kfnsf pBf]ux? ljb]zL ;fdfg;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ afWo x'g'kg]{ cj:yfdf k'u] . -oBlk g]kfnsf] s'n lgof{tdf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] c+z ^^ k|ltzt 5 ._ ahf/sf] ;j]{If0f, pkef]Qmfsf] ;Gt'i6L ahf/ k|jw{g / k|lt:kwf{h:tf s'/fdf dGb 1fg ePsf pBdLx?n] ljb]zL ;fdfg;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug'{kg]{ df/ vlk/x]sf 5g\ .

cfGtl/s pTkfbgsf ;fdfgx?n] ;"rgfsf] cefjsf sf/0f ;/sf/L ;fdfg v/Lbdf klg :yfgLo ?kdf pTkflbt ;]jf / ;fwgn] 7fp“ kfPsf 5}gg\ . cg';Gwfg / ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sg] /fli6L ljb]zL ahf/ a'em\g] r]i6f u/]sf 5g\ . t/ o;af6 To:t} Joj;fo ug]{ ;fgf] tyf demf}nf pBf]u nfeflGjt x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

dGqfno, sfk]{6 pg ljsf; ;ldlt, Jofkf/ k|jw{g s]Gb|, lgof{t k|j4{g ;ldlt, r]Dj/ ckm sdz{, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, RofDa/af6 k|fKt ;]jf ;'ljwfdf klg zx/L If]qsf s]xL pBdLx?n] dfq kfPsf 5g\ . ;fwf/0f pBf]ukltn] kfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

a}+lsª ;]jfsf] kx'r sd

cWoogx?n] s] b]vfp“5 eg] g]kfnsf] k'"hL ahf/sf] #) k|ltzt lx:;f ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]un] lgdf{0f ub{5 . t/ ;+ul7t k'"hL ahf/df To:tf pBf]usf] kx'"r ;f“3'/f] 5 . 5f]6f] cjlwsf nflu lnOg] C0fdf ;+ul7t If]qn] hDdf Ps rf}yfO{ efu dfq cf]u6]sf] 5 . cyf{t\ lghL / ;+o'Qm nufgLdf a}+sx? esfes v'n] klg pBdLx? cgf}krfl/s ;|f]td} a9L lge{/ x'g' kg]{ l:ylt ljBdfg 5 . kl/of]hgfsf] :yfloTjnfO{ eGbf lwtf] jf ;'/IffnfO{ clws k|fyldstf lbg] k|ljlw / pRr Aofhb/sf sf/0f o:tf] ePsf] xf] .

nfdf] ;dosf] C0fdf klg ;d:of oyfjt 5 . zx/Ls/0f C0fdf hl6ntf 5 . a}+s Pj+ ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fodf u/]sf] nufgL hf]lvdsf af/]df s'g} cWoog g} geP klg pgLx? To;df nufgL ug{ pT;'s b]lvb}gg\ . ;fgf Joj;fo k|jw{g cfof]hgfn] xfn} u/]sf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgdf hDdf #% k|ltzt ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBdLn] dfq} a}+ssf] kx"'r kfPsf] tYo ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . cem ljQLo ;xof]usf] s'/fdf ;Demgf of]Uo s'/f s] 5 eg] ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] tflnd s;}nfO{ klg lbOPsf] 5}g, lbg] u/]sf] klg 5}g . o:tf pBf]usf nflu k'"hL lkmtf{, s/ ;'ljwf, k'gM nufgL h:tf gLlt >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ln+bf lnb} klg k|ToIf ljb]zL nufgL oL pBf]uwGbfdf glelqg' ahf/ ljsl;t ug{ g} g;s]/ xf] . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; x'g g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf, ;/sf/L gLlt tyf sfof{Gjogdf kf/blz{tfsf] cefj / pBf]u k|zf;gdf ljBdfg e|i6frf/ / emGeml6nf] cj:yfsf] df/df g]kfnsf pBf]ux? k/]sf 5g\ .

k|fljlws u'0f:t/

@)$( ;fndf NofOPsf] pBf]u gLlt / To; cg'?k ag]sf P]g / lgodx?n] g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf lgldQ ;3fpg k|fljlws x:tfGt/0fnfO{ ;/nLs[t u/fpg vf]h]sf 5g\ . 7"nf tyf demf}nf pBf]udf zt k|ltzt nufgL leœofpg] cg'dlt, k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf] cg'e"lt dfq} x}g pBf]u Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ -@% k|ltzt eGbf a9L_ k'gM nufgL ug]{, pTkfbsTj k|ljlw cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{, ;xfos pBf]ux? vf]Ng], pBdLnfO{ s/ of]Uo cfodf $) k|ltzt 5'6 h:tf k|fjwfg klg /flvPsf] xf] . t/ emGeml6nf] btf{ k|lqmof, k|zf;lgs l9nfO{, e|i6frf/ k|lqmofut ;d:of b]vfP/ xtf]T;fxL ug]{ jftfj/0fn] pBdLx? cfslif{t x'g ;s]gg\ .

k|ljlwsf] ;f]emf] ;DaGw pTkflbt ;fdfgsf] u'0f:t/;+u x'G5 . h;sf] ;DaGw pkef]Qmfsf] ?lr;+u hf]l8G5 . t/ xfd|f demf}nf ;fgf pBf]ux? k/Dk/fut k|ljlwd} lge{/ 5g\ . sf/0f ltgn] u/]sf pTkfbg pkef]Qmfsf] ?lraf6 cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\ . plrt k|ljlwsf af/]df ;3fpg] ;+:yfx?n] klg k|ljlwsf] ;"rgf dfq lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . cf}Bf]lus pBd ljsf; k|lti7fg cGt/ut /x]sf] k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ljsf; kl/of]hgfn] ljljw pBdsf cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] af/]df k/fdz{ lbg ;s]sf] 5}g .

nufgL sd / pBf]udf k|ljlw :t/Ls/0f ug{ g;Sg'n] klg g]kfnL pBf]udf ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] . o;sf sf/0f pBf]usf] pTkfbg Ifdtf x|f;f]Gd'v ePsf] 5 . plrt k|ljlwsf] vf]h / ljsf;df nufgL ug{ g;Sg' / ljb]zL k|ljlw klg leœofpg / k|fljlwsf] :t/Ls/0f cjnDag h:tf sfo{ x'g g;s]sf]n] pTkflbt ;fdfgnfO{ ljb]zL ;fdfg;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ sl7gfO{ k/]sf] xf] .

cfO{=Pkm=;L=sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] pQm k|ltj]bgn] g]kfnsf ;fgf demf}nf pBf]udf b]vf k/]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg tkm{ pBdLx?nfO{ cfzfjfbL klg agfPsf] 5 . vf;u/Lsg k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfkZrft v'n]sf Joj;foLs/0f j:t'ut ;+3sf] Ifdtf clej[l4df ;3fpg ;lsof] eg] clxn] b]vf k/]sf sltko ;d:of ltg}sf dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pBdL Joj;foLsf k|ltlglw ag]sf g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sdz{, pBdL dlxnfsf] ;+u7g nufotsf ;+:yf dfkm{t\ ;'wf/sf] k|of; cf/De ul/Pdf ;fgf–demf}nf pBf]usf l:ylt cg's"n aGg ;S5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qdf ;d]t ;+:yfut 9+un] cufl8 a9\g nfu]sf] a]nf ljZj a}+s ;d"xn] b]vfPsf] of] rf;f] x]bf{ g]kfnsf ;fgf demf}nf pBdLx? cfzfjfbL x'g] 7fp“ 5 .

c;'/Iffsf] lrGtf

æg]kfn lalhg]z PS:kf] @))!Æ sf] ;d'b\3f6gsf nflu >L % dxf/fhflw/fh e[s'6Ld08kl:yt k|bz{gL sIfdf ;jf/L xf]OjS;bf pBf]uL Jofkf/Lx?n] >L % ;dIf g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus Pjd\ Jofj;flos If]qn] c;'/Iff dx;'; u/]sf] Joxf]/f hfx]/ u/]sf lyP . g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf cWoIf k|bLks'df/ >]i7n] ;f] cj;/df >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;dIf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts lsrnf] / lvrftfgLn] cfly{s ultljlwdf lzlyntf cfPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof]– xfdL pBdL Joj;foLx?sf] wd{ pBf]u Joj;fo u/L b]zdf k"0f{ /f]huf/L a9fpg' xf] . ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg zflGt ;'/Iff / /fli6/fli6>L % dxf/fhflw/fhn] ;d'b\3f6g ul/jS;]sf] æg]kfn ljlhg]z PS:k|f] @))!Æ g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 :yfkgf ePsf] r}q @* ut]nfO{ pBf]u jfl0fHo lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] qmddf g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, r]Dj/ ckm sdz{, nlntk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 / eQmk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm tTjfjwfgdf z'? ePsf] xf] . ^ lbg;Dd k|b{zgL x'g] pQm k|bz{gLdf 3/]n' pBf]ub]lv cTofw'lgs oflGqs pTkfbg Pjd\ ljleGg ;]jf Joj;fo ;d]tsf @^) :6n /x]sf 5g\ .

To:t}, pBf]u jfl0fHo lbj;sf] pknIodf g]kfn lne/ lnld6]8, ;"o{ 6f]jfsf] sDkgL, uf]/vf a'|c/L k|f=ln=, Plzog k]G6;, kz'klt k]G6;n] k|yd r/0fsf] pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 /fli6

kl/qmdf

cy{sf]] Joy{ s'/f

d'g kf}8]n

xfdL g]kfnLx?sf] Pp6f k|d'v ljz]iftf xf]– cf8Da/ . u'Gb|'s / d'nf vfP klg xfdL h'Dnfsf] jf zfgbf/ :ofpsf] 8sf/– ug{ rfxG5f}+ . e/v/ e/v/ s, v, u l;Sb} u/]sfx? :jo+nfO{ kl08t 3f]lift u/]/ lx+8\5f}+ . unt / Joy{sf s'/fx?nfO{ 9fs5f]k u/]/ 1fgL ;fljt x'g vf]H5f}+ . / oxL qmddf cf8Da/x?nfO{ gf}6+sLdf kl/0ft ul/lbG5f}+ / :jod\\nfO{ la:tf/ ef“8df kl/jlt{t ul/lbG5f}+ .

of] cf8Da/ ug]{, gf}6+sL ug]{, gf6s ug]{ k|j[lQ ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhdf JofKt x'"b} uO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL v'?v'? OdfGbfl/sf;fy, k|lta4tfsf;fy sfd} ug{ g;Sg] e};s]sf] sf/0fn] cfkm\gf] cs{d0otfnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ gof“ gof“ gf}6+sLx? ;f]lr/x]sf x'G5f}+ . x/]s JolQm ;w}+ em'6, wf]vf, 7uL, 5n, 9f“6\sf] dfq Kn6 vf]Hgdf lsg nflu/x]sf x'G5f}+ . p“ef] nfUg], csflzg], dfly k'Ug], cufl8 a9\g] hfltsf] o:tf] nIf0f sbflk klg x'"b}g . of] t gfl;g], s'lxg], cfkm}+n] cfkm"nfO{ jjf{b ug]{ nIf0fx? x'g\ . k|ltefx?n] k'R5/ xNnfpg' k/]kl5, TofuLx?n] ef]sef]s} dg'{ k/]kl5, lhDd]jf/ kbf;Lgx?n] gf}6+sL ug{ yfn]kl5 d'n'sdf ls/f ;nanfpg nfu]sf] To;} yfxf x'"b}g / /

;/sf/n] lhNnf lhNnfdf k|zf;g, ljsf;, zflGt–;'/Iff x]g{ hgtfn] g} lt/]sf] s/, tnj / ;'ljwfsf] ?kdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lgo'Qm u/]sf] x'G5, k|x/L k|d'vx?nfO{ v6fPsf] x'G5 . t/ ltgsf sfof{nox?df aQLd'lg cWof“/f] h:tf] gful/stf lng' k/f];\ /fxbfgL lng' k/f];\, zflGt–;'/Iffsf] s'g} sfd ug'{ k/f];, k};f gVjfO{ lkml6Ss k/sf] l;Gs] j/ ;b}{g . lhNnfsf cGo sfof{nox? dfnkf]t xf];\, s/ xf];\, Eof6 xf];\, htftt} e|i6frf/sf] gf+uf] / l3gnfUbf] gfr eO/x]sf] x'G5 t/ Tof] dxfg k|d'v dgfp“bf]n] cfkm\gf km'6]sf cf“vfx?n] s]xL b]Vb}g . p;n] b[9 u¥of] eg] b'O{rf/ cf]6f sfof{nodf uP/ 58\s] ul/lbG5 / ;Djfbbftfx? To;nfO{ 5fk]/ wGo x'G5g\ .

xfn} Pp6f lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] Pp6f gu/kflnsfsf d]o/nfO{ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf k|x/L nufO{ ;dfTg k7fP . xNnLvNnL eof], lj/f]w klg eof], k|z+;f klg eof] . Pp6f sfo{qmddf tL k|d'vnfO{ Pshgf clt pT;fxL o'jf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{n] pQm axfb'/Lsf nflu awfO{ lbP5g\ / pQm s'/f pgn] dnfO{ klg ;'gfP . d 9+ubf; ep“ . xfdL slt s+ufn eP5f}+ . efO / tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < ;/sf/n] k|lhc eGg] c+u/Ifs lnP/ df]6/ r9]/ lx+8\g] k|f0fLnfO{ cfn' tf5\g k7fPsf] xf] < ls lhNnfdf k|d'v ljb'ifssf] ?kdf hf]s¥ofO{ ug{ < pgL hgtfnfO{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] clwsf/L x'g\ . pgn] To:tf] Pp6f gf}6+sL u/]/ hgtfnfO{ cndNofpg kfp“b}gg\ . pgL ;f“Rr} g} OdfGbf/ / k|ltj4 clwsf/L x'g\ eg] lhNnfaf6 e|i6frf/nfO{ wkfpg, ck/fwnfO{ eufpg, ljsf;nfO{ prfn'g\ / hgtfnfO{ zflGt–;'/Iff k|bfg u/]/ cf/fdn] ;'Tg lbpg\ . t/ tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < clw/fHosf] krxQ/} lhNnfdf 5 sf]xL To:tf] jL/ < b'O{ ;o kf“r hgfx?dWo] 5 sf]xL ;Rrf ;k't <

Psk6s b'O{ ;o kf“rdWo]sf Ps, b'O{ hgf gf}6+sL df:6/sf] s'/f klg ul/xfn'" . oL gof“ kfq x'g\ wL/, u+eL/, ;f}Do, cg'ejL, n8fs', ljb|f]xL tyf bfx|Ljfnf cy{dGqL . pxf“ ;fx|} cjf]w x'g'x'"bf]/x]5 . s]xL yfxf /x]g5 pxf“nfO{ . pxf“nfO{ of] yfxf /x]g5 ls g]kfnsf] e|i6frf/sf] /+ud~rdf ;aeGbf b'bf{Gt gfp“ cy{ dGqfnos} /x]sf] 5 . pxf“nfO{ yfxf /x]g5 ls eG;f/sf dxTjk"0f{ ljGb'x? Po/kf]6{ jL/u~h, lj/f6gu/, g]kfnu~h, e}/xjfdf b}lgs nfvf}+ s/f]8f}+sf] e|i6frf/ x'G5 . pxf“nfO{ yfxf /x]g5 . lhNnf lhNnfdf eG;f/, k|x/L / k|zf;g ldn]/ nfOg vf]Ng] / s/f]8f}+sf] /fh:j dfg]{ sfd eO/x]sf] x'G5 . pxf“nfO{ yfxf /x]g5 ls s/ sfof{nox? ;xL cy{df t/ sfof{nox? x'g\ . Eof6 sfof{nox? clgoldt km\of6sf sfof{nox? x'g\ . dfnkf]tsf sfof{nox? dfnfdfn sfof{nox? x'g\ . To;}n] pxf“n] OR5fP/ jf leIff kfP/ kfPsf] kbflwsf/nfO{ e|i6frf/nfO{ ;f]em} /f]Sg] s'g} k|of; ug'{ ePg . pgsf cleg:y sfof{nox?df e|i6frf/ /f]Sg] pgL;+u s'g} wd{sd{ klg 5}g, s'g} k|lta4tf klg 5}g / zfob pxf“sf] gh/df s'g} cfjZostf klg 5}g .

t/ pgn] Pp6f dxfg\ s'/f t u/] x} . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] o'udf ;"rgf 6f“; ul/lbP ;"rgf kf6L{df ls x] lg/Lx hgtf / tkfO{+nfO{ nfU5 ls st} e|i6frf/ e}/x]sf] 5, /fh:jsf] 7uL e}/x]sf] 5 eg] s[kof dGqfnosf] x6nfOg kmnfgf] kmnfgf]df kmf]g ul/lbg'xf];\, km\ofS; ul/lbg'xf];\ . dfG5] Ps lbg d5{, hlt sdfP klg, hlt n'"8\ofP klg æhfg] a]nfdf nUg] ;fdfg 5}g ;fyLÆ eGg] s'/f ;To / zfZjt ;To xf] eg]sf] h:t} cy{ dGqfno cGtu{utsf s/, eG;f/, Eof6, dfnkf]t OToflbdf e|i6frf/sf] lel/ª\uL JofKt 5 eGg] s'/f klg zfZjt ;To ePsf] s'/f dfggLo cy{dGqLHo"nfO{ yfxf 5}g < 6]lnkmf]g / km\ofS;sf] ;"rgf gf6s s:sf] nflu < hgtf t o;} pNn' p;} pNn', yk pNn' agfpg vf]h]/ cfkm+} dxf pNn' lsg aGg vf]h]sf] <

s'g} hgtfn] e|i6frf/ / /fh:j lxgfldgfsf] kmf]g u/] u/]gg\, km\ofS; k7fP, k7fPgg\ t/ of] k+lQmsf/ d'n'ssf ;Dk"0f{ /fi6x]nf] / d clt g} dfg / ;Ddfgsf;fy clt g} gd| :j/df lgj]bg ub{5' ls cy{ dGqfno cGtu{tsf eG;f/, s/, Eof6, dfnkf]t OToflbdf e|i6frf/sf] lel/ª\uLn] xfxfsf/ ul//x]sf] 5, hgtf zf]lift / ckdflgt e}/x]sf 5g\, d'n's e|i6frf/sf] bnbndf 8'Ab}5, arfpg ;Sg'x'G5 eg] arfpg';\ .

– hgsk'/wfd

Kof/f] gof“ jif{n]

jfdb]j kl08t

cG7fGg b'O{ xhf/ ca of] cfof] gof“ ;fn x} ..
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g+uf gf“r otf 5 h+un a'tf csf]{ 5 x'/L s8f ..
dfcf]] eQm ag]/ dfg{ hgtf 8km\kmf 5 7"nf] v8f ..

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g]tf v]N5g\ af3rfn /l;nf] eQf k'¥ofOsg ..
/f]Psf] 5 w'?w'? d'n's of] ysL{ a9L w8\sg ..
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kL8f Wj:t u/f];\ af“Rg ;sf}+ xf“;L v'zL xif{n] ..

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lhGbuLx¿ cr]n

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cr]n,
lhGbuLx?nfO{ cg'e"ltsf]
cfef; x'g 5f8]em} 5
g 3fdsf] /fkn] kf]N5
g zLtsf] lr;f]n] 5'G5
zfob, lhGbuLx? cr]n
cjz]if alg;s]sf] 5 .

kvf{ndf 6f“l;Psf kf]i6/x? em}+
lhGbuLx? lglh{j crn b]lvG5
g jiff{tsf] jiff{n] ?hfp“5
g r}tsf] x'/Ln] p8fp“5
lsgxf] v}, lhGbuLx? cr]n
PsfGtdf PSn} u'gu'gfp“5 .

af“wdf af“lwPsf hnfzox?em}+
lhGbuLx? zfGt / r'krfk kfOG5
g gbLx? em} ultjfg nfU5
g em/gfx? em} ;'Gb/ b]lvG5
;w} lsg, lhGbuLx? cr]n
;8s;+u} x/fPsf] e]l6G5 .

– afUn'ª

k|ltWjlg

zflGtk"j{s af“Rg kfpg' k¥of]

ljut Ps ;ftfb]lv d'n'sdf lx+;f, xTof / cft+ssf 36gfx? ck|Toflzt ?kdf a9]sf 5g\ . b}lgs Ps bh{gsf b/n] k|x/Lx?sf] xTof ePsf] 5 eg] ?s'd, b}n]v / bf]nvfsf] le8Gtdf !% hgf dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf 5g\ . d'n'sdf ljsl;t ePsf] 36gfqmdn] k|x/L k|zf;gsf] dgf]an 36]sf] 5 . hgtf cft+lst ePsf 5g\ . ;/sf/ s]xL ug{ g;s]/ lg/Lx ag]sf] 5 . of] cj:yfdf d'n'snfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] lrGtf ;j{q v8\lsPsf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . ?s'd, /f]Nkf, hfh/sf]6, ;Nofg nufotsf ljs6 kxf8L lhNnfx?af6 ^ jif{ klxnf k|f/De ePsf] dfcf]jfbL lqmofsnfkaf6 clxn] l;+uf] d'n's c5'tf] /xg ;s]sf] 5}g . ?s'dsf]6df !( ut] #@ hgf k|x/L lgd{dtfk"j{s dfl/P . To;kl5 bf]nvfsf] d}gfkf]v/Ldf % hgf, kfNkfsf] d'em'ªdf @ hgf / @$ ut] b}n]vsf] gf}d'n]df km]l/ #@ hgf k|x/L dfl/P . Ps xKtfsf] cjlwdf &! hgf k|x/L dfl/bf klg ;/sf/n] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] vfnsf] s'g} 7f]; sfo{qmd gNofpg' b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . ;/sf/n] jt{dfg k|x/Lsf] ;+/rgf dfcf]jfbLx?;+u o'4 ug{ g;Sg] s'/f klg :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . t/ ;]gf kl/rfng ug]{ s'/f cufl8 NofPsf] 5 . t/ ;]gf lsg kl/rfng ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g < ;/sf/n] v6fp“bf eG;f/ gfsfdf hfg], ;+o'Qm /fi6z]/axfb'/ zfxL, sflnsf]6

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d ;w}+ em}+, laxfgsf] 3'dfO{kl5 3/ kmls{/x]sf] x'G5' . k'ndf cfO k'u]kl5, ;w}h:t} cfhsf] afudtLsf] b'b{zf x]b}{ lx+8\5'– afudtLsf] cfhsf] b'b{zfdf cfhsf] ;Qf?9 g]kfnL sf+u|]; klg sd pQ/bfoL 5}g . x'g t o;n] k|d'v sfd ug'{ kg]{ kf] . ;w} of] k'n sf6]/ hfg] g]tfx?, s;/L, cfhsf] jfudtL x]/]/ af“r]sf 5g\ < cf]dsf/ >]i7n] t dGqL ePkl5 kf6gsf] kmf]xf]/ jfudtLsf] blIf0f lsgf/df NofP/ k'g{ z'? u/] clg ToxL ahf/ a;fn] . ahf/ a;fNg x'GYof] t <

Pp6f ljxfg d kms{+b}5', sfgb]jtf:yfgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]xL s]6fx?, e"=k"= sd{rf/L /d]zh+u yfkf / s]zj clwsf/L e]6]+ . oL hDdf eP/ sfg b]jtf :yfg l;ufg{ nfu]sf] /]=== d}n] eg]+– sfg b]jtfsf] klg ;]jf u/ 6f]nsf] lkpg] kfgLsf] klg Joj:yf ug{ cl3 a9 .

o;df ;a}n] dnfO{ cgf}7f] hjfkm lbP– s'k08f]ndf kf6gsf w]/}h;f] 7fp“df h:tf] kfgL cfp“b}g, o;df sf]xL rf;f] /fVb}g g t sf+u|];, g t sDo'lgi6, g t hgtf . klxn] t vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{ k¥of]
lg / ljsf;sf] sfd ubf{ k|fyldstf / cfjZostf cg';f/ kf] sfd x'g' k5{ . ef]s nfu]sf] ;do nufpg] n'ufsf] s'/f u/]/ s] u5f}+, la/fdL x'"bf cf}iflw ug]{sf] c? s'/f ug]{ < vfg]kfgLsf] nflu b]ze/ h:t} d]/f] s'k08f]ndf ;"w} emu8f x'G5 .

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ljut !) jif{df g]kfndf ;a}sf] cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5 t/ /fhf cfnf]Ro ePsf 5}gg\ . /fhfnfO{ ljjfb/lxt / cfnf]rgf aflx/ /fVg] ;f]rs} pkh xf] xfd|f] ;+;bLo Joj:yf . clxn] s'/f] ;]gf kl/rfngsf] 5 / oxL ljifodf /fhfnfO{ d'5\g] k|of; klg e}/x]sf] 5 . t/ d]/f] egfO{ o; ljifodf /fhf ljjfbdf gd'l5pg eGg] 5 . ;]gf /fhfn] x}g ;/sf/n] g} kl/rfng u¥of] eg] /fh;+:yf ljjfbdf d'l5b}g\ . xfd|f] ;+ljwfgn] ;]gf ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . /fli6xfd|f] ;+ljwfgn] h] h:tf] clwsf/ /fhfnfO{ lbPsf] 5, Tof] clwsf/ cGtu/t d'n'sdf clgi6 eof] eg] ;/sf/nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg] hfu?s u/fpg] dxf/fhflw/fhn] ;lsjS;G5 . of] ;+ljwfgn] /fhfsf] clwsf/nfO{ s6f}tL x}g /fh;+:yfnfO{ ljjfb/lxt agfpg vf]h]sf] xf] . /fh;+:yf g]kfnsf] ;du| Pstfsf] k|tLs xf] . of] Pstfsf] k|tLs cfnf]rgf d'St x'g'kb{5 . ;]gf kl/rfng dfq} x}g ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] s'/f p7fP/ /fhfnfO{ ljjfbdf tfGg] sfd s;}n] ug'{ x'"b}g .

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p g]skf Pdfn] ;+;bLo bnsf] a}7s .

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p /Iff ;lrj kbds'df/ cfrfo{åf/f d'n'sdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt lalu|Psf] s'/f c:jLsf/ .

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p ;/sf/åf/f hf/L ul/Psf] ;z:q k|x/L an / If]qLo k|zf;s ;DaGwL cWofb]zsf] Dofb ;dfKt .

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