a'l4hLjL / /fhgLlt1

b'uf{k|;fb e08f/L

cr]n w]/} k|of]udf cfpg] zAbx?dWo] æa'l4hLjLÆ klg Ps zAb xf] . sf/0fx? w]/} x'g ;S5g\ . klZrddf lqmlZrog wdf{jnDaLx?sf kfb/Lx?sf] k|e'Tj sd x'"b} uof] ;qf}+ / c7f/f}+ ztfAbL otfb]lv . ltgLx?sf] k|e'Tj /x'~h]n;Dd c? ;]s'n/, wd{ lg/If]k a'l4hLjLx?sf] dxTj lyPg . lsgls wfld{s / ;fdflhs cfbz{, Jojxf/ / ;Toaf/] kfb/Lx?sf] dg ;jf{lws k|efjzfnL x'GYof] . kf]k eujfgsf] k|d'v k|ltlglw dflgGYof] of] ;+;f/df . st} d}n] k9]sf] lyPF Uoflnlnof]n] ANof:km]dL, cIfDo em'6f] af]n] afkt wfld{s cbfntdf OGSo'lh;gn], zlQmzfnL wfld{s hf"ra'em ;ldltn] p;nfO{ d[To'b08 lbg] d'2f rnfPsf] lyof] / pm dl/;s]kl5 p;nfO{ g/sdf hfg] cleiffk lbO;s]sf] lyof] . kl5 UofnLlnof]n] Ifdf dfUof] . d[To'b08af6 af"Rof], t/ d'2f oyfjt /xL /x\of] s/La kf"r;o jif{;Dd . cfheGbf s/La t]x| rf}w jif{ klxn] e]l6sg rr{n] km};nf u¥of] ls UofnLlnof] d[To'b08af6 ljlwk"j{s d'Qm ePsf] cf}krfl/s 3f]if0ff ul/of]M Uoflnlnof] d/]sf] kf"r ;dojif{kl5 Uoflnlnof]nfO{ sfg"gL ?kn] d[To'b08 glbg] lg0f{o eof] . Uoflnlnof]sf] cIfDo kfk lyof] p;n] af]n]sf] ;ToM ;"o{ k[YjLsf] kl/qmdf ub}{g, k[YjL ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf u5{ . o:t} c;To af]n] jfkt s]Kn6 / a'|gf]nfO{ rr{n] klxnf] g} dfl/;s]sf] lyof] .

c? wdf{jnDaLx?df klg dfG5]sf] :jtGq af}l4s lrGtgnfO{ ;+s'lrt ug{df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] e"ldsf kl08t, k'/f]lxt, /jfO{ / d'Nnfx?s} x'G5 . d'Nnfx?sf] O{zf/fdf s:tf cdfgjLo 36gfx? of] a'l4jfbL o'udf klg 3l6/x]sf 5g\ eGg] ;To km]nf kfg{ w]/} nfdf] ;do vr{ ug'{ kb}{g . o'/f]ksf] k'ghf{u/0fkl5 :jtGq ljrf/sf] cleJolQm ug]{ r/0fsf] clt g/d k|f/De ePsf] xf] . zg} zg} wd{d'Qm a'l4hLjLx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 x'"b} uof] . cf}Bf]lus, /fhg}lts / ;fdflhs qmflGtx? kl5 klZrddf :jtGq lrGtsx?sf] ;+Vofdf gf6sLo km/s x'"b} uof] . csf]{ kbfjnLdf eGg] xf] eg] tL a'l4hLjLx?n] of] ;+;f/nfO{ xNnfP, qmflGtx?sf sf/s ag] o'uk|lto'u gjLg cfofd, gjLg d"Nox?sf], ;Tox?sf] cfljijsf/ ub}{ uP, k|ltkfbg ub}{ uP . tLdWo] w]/} a'l4hLjLx? lyP, sd k|ltefx? lyP . z]S;lkP/ / sflnbf;nfO{ a'l4hLjL eGg' pgLx?sf] cjd"Nog ug'{ xf] . t/ sfn{dfS;{ /;]n / JxfO6x]8nfO{ ;lhn}l;t a'l4hLjL eGg ldN5 . g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fnfO{ a'l4hLjL eGg ldNb}g, t/ /fhf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x, aL=kL=sf]O/fnf / k|f]=ob'gfy vgfnnfO{ a'l4hLjL eGg ldN5 . s]xL c? klg xf]nfg\ glhs glhs cfpg] . t/ tL ;a}sf] gfd lng ;Dej 5}g . Jojxf/df t xfdLx? ;a} P;=Pn=;L=b]lv kL=Pr=8L=;Dd gSsnL k|df0fkq lng ;Sg]x? klg cfkm}+nfO{ dxfg\ a'l4hLjL eg]/ lx+l8/x]sf x'G5f}+ . cf}krfl/s ;SsnL k|df0fkq kfPsfx?sf], To;df klg s'g} gf}nf]kgf gePsf t/ n]vx? k':tsx? n]lv;s]sfx?sf] xfdL a'l4hLjL xf}+Æ eGg]x?sf] t s'/} gu/f}+ . Ps sf]0faf6 x]bf{ of] b]zdf a'l4hLjLx?sf] ;+Vof w]/} ljzfn 5, csf]{ sf]0faf6 x]bf{ k|df0fkq le/]sf d"7x?sf] ;+Vof w]/} ljzfn b]lvG5 . cfkm}+nfO{ æd a'l4hLjL x'"Æ eGg] bDesf] hk ul//xg] JolQm hlt 7"nf] ljZjljBfnox?af6 hlt 7"nf pkflwx? af]s] klg d"ntM pm d"7 g} x'G5 . d'vn] geg] klg cs8faf6 ;Gb]z lbG5 eg] klg d"7 g} x'G5 .

g]kfnL æa'l4hLjL / æ/fhgLlt1Æ b'O{ zAb jf wf/0f x'g\ hf] ut krf; jif{b]lv cfjZostfeGbf a9L d'vl/t jf rlr{t ePsf 5g\ . hlt hlt xfdL tL zAbx?sf] pRrf/0f u5f}+{ Tolt g} tL zAbleqsf] c;nL ;f/af6 6fl9+b} u}/x]sf 5f}+ . d'VotM a'l4hLjLx?n] cfkm\gf] If]q / Tof]eGbf k/ uP/ cWoog ug'{kg]{ xf], lrGtgzLn x'g'kg]{ xf] . xfdLx? cfkm\g} If]qdf uxg kf7\o ;fdu|Lx? k9\b}gf}+, k9Lxfn] klg a'em\g] k|of; ub}{gf}+ . ;:tf lstfj / cvjf/x?af6 xfdL af}l4s pmhf{ u|x0f ug{ rfxG5f}+ . Ps lgs} 7"nf] ;+Vof t Tolt si6 klg p7fp"b}g . Tof] Ps ;+j]bgxLg ;+Vof xf] hf] g]kfnL /fhgLlt1x?l;t, ljz]ift zlQm;DkGgx?l;t ;Djfb ug'{ k¥of] eg] ;a}eGbf klxn] cu|;/ x'G5 . /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{ /fhgLlt1, /fhg}lts v]nf8L jf /fhg]tf eGg] rng 5 . zlQmdf ePsf– zlQmdfg gePsf klg– a'l4hLjLx?sf] jufnnfO{ af]nfP/ ;Nnfx lnG5g\, cyjf ;Nnfx lng] c3f]lift sd{ jf km]zgsf] sd{sf08Lo lgjf{x u5{g\ . tL ;Djfbx?sf] dgf]j}1flgs dxTj x'g ;S5, t/ tflTjs, cy{j]Qf / ;f/ s]xL x'G5 h:tf] nfUb}g . lsgls Toxf" slxn]sf"xL s'g} /fd|} ;'emfjx? cfpy] af}l4sx?af6 . t/ tL 7f]; ;Nnfx / ;'emfjx?sf] ?kfGt/0f s;/L eof] eGg] tYo s;}nfO{ yfxf 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . uPsf] Ps jif{leq s/Lj b'O{tLg k6s d klg tL af}l4s jyfgx? leq w]/} pT;fx glnOsg ;fd]n ePsf] ofqL lyP", ;b:o lyP" . lsgls d cfkm\gf] af}l4stf / a'l4hLjLTjjf/] ;b}j ;z+lst e}/xG5' . d a'l4hLjL x'" eGg] s'/f dfly clxn];Dd ljZjf; e}/x]sf] 5}g . km]l/, d]/f] b[li6df ;w}+ a'l4hLjL e}/xg' lg/k]If u'0f klg xf]Og . a'l4, OG6n]S6 Ot/ w]/} s'/fx?sf] cg'ej / sNkgf ub}+ xfdLx?n] hLjgofkg u/L /xg' kg]{ x'G5 . xfd|f] hLjgdf a'l4sf] ;xf/fn] dfq a'em\g g;lsg] w]/} s'/fx? 5g\ .

;+:sf/ / ;+:s[lt clt sdhf]/ ePsf ;dfhx?df /fhgLlt1x?n] ;xL of slyt a'l4hLjLx?l;t k/fdz{ lng] gf6sx?sf] d~rg ;do–;dodf u/] tfklg clwsf+z /fhg}ltssdL{x? zlQmdf hfgf;fy cfkm}+nfO{ ;d|f6 ;f]nf]dg h:t} a'l4dfg 7fG5g\ . lsgls zlQmsf] gzf sdhf]/, s';+:s[t cfTdfx?sf] nflu clkmd, /S;L / c? nfu' kbfy{x?sf] ;+o'Qm gzfeGbf klg a9L s8f x'G5 . ToxL sf/0f xf] . d"9 / ;Dj]bgxLgx? zlQm kfpgf;fy zf/Ll/s ?kn] df]6fpg yfNg'sf], lrNnf] x'g yfNg'sf] . Toltdfq xf]Og To:tf zlQmzfnLsf kL=P=, ;Nnfxsf/ / glhssf e/f}6]x?sf] km"lt{ / cx+sf/df crfgs olt l56f] a[l4 x'G5 ls ltgLx?sf] Jojxf/ cltg} s'?k / 3[l0ft x'g z'? u/L xfN5 . s';+:s[tx?df zlQm dfbstf Nofp5 . olb zlQmzfnLx?df a'l4hLjL x'g] s]xL jxfgfx? cyjf sf/0fx? 5g\ eg] Tof] dfbstfdf Ps k|sf/sf] w't{tf, bk{ / s]xL hl6ntf klg cfp"5 . sd k9]sf] cx+sf/LeGbf clnslt a9L k9]sf] cx+sf/L a9L vt/gfs x'G5 . cS;/ zlQmsf] lnK;f ePsf / zlQmdf hfg]x? xfd|f]h:tf] b]zdf klg Psbd} sd lzlIft eGbf clnslt a9L lzlIft b]lvG5g\ . o:tf lzlIftx? k~rfotsfndf klg k~rfot kl5sf] bz jif]{ ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|hftflGqssfndf klg sfnf /+usf sf08x? drfpgdf Voflt k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\, ul//x]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlt1x?sf], sd{rf/Lx?sf], a'l4hLjLx?sf] /fli6tLg} hgf g]tfx?n]– lul/hfafa', z]/axfb'/, lsz'ghL qmdzM s]xL cGt/fnx?leq a'l4hLjLx?sf] j8]dfgsf] jufnl;t ;Nnfx lng'eof] . b'O{ cj;/x?df t d klg Ps df}g pkl:ylt lyP" . lsz'ghLsf] kfnfdf d g]kfn–ef/t ;flxTo uf]i7Ldf efu lng wgu9L uPsf] lyP" . To;}n] xflh/ x'g ;lsg . xflh/ ePsf] eP klg d df}g g} /xGy] . lsgls d cfkm}+ af]Ng nfh dfGb5', s;}n] af]n eg] dfq nfh dfGbf dfGb} klg af]nL lbG5', lsgls g]tfx? a'l4hLjLx?l;t ;Nnfx lnPsf] h:tf] ug'{x'G5, sfd cfkm"n] ;f]r] cg';f/ ug'{x'G5 cyjf cfkm\gf ljZjf;kfqx?sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ ug'{x'G5 . s]xL jif{x?;Dd df]xg rfkfufO{+ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf cToGt k|efjzfnL a'l4hLjL x'g'x'GYof] . clxn] slt k|efjzfnL x'gx''G5 . cGbfh ug{ c;dy{ 5' .

of] 7fp" a'l4hLjLsf] kl/efiff, /fhgLltsf] kl/efiff lbg] 7fp" xf]Og . 7fp"sf] cefj klg 5 . a'l4hLjLx?sf] Jojxf/ / /fhgLltsdL{x?sf] cf:yf / Jojxf/ cjnf]sg ug{ ;+s]t;Dd lbg] 7fp" dfq 5 oxf" . hf] cfkm"n] b]v]sf] ;TonfO{ s'g} dfWodaf6 klg JoQm ug{ 8/fp"5, hf] pRr, nf}lss :jfy{sf] nflu c;Tosf] ;xf/f lnG5, hf] czf]egLo rfs8L ug{df /dfp"5 Tof] lgZro klg a'l4hLjL x'g ;Qm}g . hf] /fhg}lts v]nf8L ul/dfk"0f{ :yfgdf k'u]kl5 e|i6 x'g rf"8} ;kmn x'G5, cltkIfkftL x'G5, ;+sL0f{ x'G5 / ;bg / ;8sdf klg kz'jnsf] cf>o lng nfh dfGb}g . To:nfO{ /fhgLlt1 eGg ldNb}g, …s'Ú /fhgLlt1 ;lhn}l;t eGg ldN5 . cl:t kmfu'g * ut] @)%& ;fnsf] ck/fGx g]kfnsf] ;+;bleq g]kfnL a'l4hLjL /fhgLlt1x?n] cfkm\gf] k]zf / :jefjsf] /fd|f] kl/ro lbPsf lyP . ltgLx? b'a} lyPM a'l4hLjL / /fhgLlt1 .

s;n] ub}{5 k|hftGqsf] rL/ x/0f <

k|e'gf/fo0f a:g]t

d'n'sdf k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf ePsf] P3f/ aif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . of] Ps aif{sf] sfo{sfndf /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfn] k|hftGqsf] cfTdfsf] xTof ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{x? k|hftflGqs ;+:s[lt, d"No / dfGotfnfO{ clea[l4 ug{lt/ nfUg' kg]{df To;sf] ljk/Lt To;nfO{ vl08t ug]{ sfo{df g} ;do vr{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfkm}+ u}/–k|hftflGqs cfr/0f u/]/ klg g]tfx? k|hftGqnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] if8\oGq e}/x]sf] cleAolQm JoQm ug{ kl5 kb}{gg\ . g]t[Tjsf] cfr/0f, Jojxf/, lqmofsnfk / af]nL–argdf ;fd~h:otf gePsf] sf/0f hgtfdf /x]sf] ljZjf; w/d/fpg k'u]sf] 5 .

k|hftGq ljlwsf] zf;g xf] eGg] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . zf;g ;+rfngsf] ljlw to ug]{ / To;sf] kfngf u/fpg] lgsfo agfpg] clwsf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{nfO{ hgtfn] g} lbG5g\ . cfkm"n] kfPsf] lhDd]jf/L s'zntfk"j{s k"/f u/]g eg] Tof] kf6L{n] hgtfjf6} bl08t x'g' kg]{5 . zf;g ug]{x?sf] /vjf/L ug{ hgtfn] Pp6f cnu} zlQmnfO{ lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkPsf x'G5g\ . p;n] ;Qfl;g bnn] ljlw;Ddt 9+un] sfo{;Dkfbg u/]g jf ug{ ;s]g eg] ;+3if{ / bjfj dfkm{t\ To;f] ug{ jfWo kfg]{ ub{5 . To;}n] ;+;bLo Joj:yf ePsf d'n'sx?df ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTjsf] lx;fjn] ;QfkIf / k|d'v ljkIf bnsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;/sf/ ;+rfng ug{ ax'dt k|fKt bn c;kmn eof] eg] k|d'v k|ltkIfn] ljsNksf] ?kdf sfd ug'{ kb{5 . t/ xfdLsxf" g ;Qf?9 bnn] cf_gf] lhDd]jf/L ;kmntfk"a{s lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 g t ljkIf g} lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ 9+un] k|:t't ePsf] 5 .

k'g:yf{lkt k|hftGqkl5sf] k|yd cfdlgjf{rgdf g]kfnL hgtfn] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ zf;g ;+rfng ug]{ / Pdfn]nfO{ k|ltkIfdf /x]/ p;nfO{ vj/bf/L ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbPsf lyP . t/, b'a} zlQmn] cf_gf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ e'n]/ hgtfsf] wf]vf lbP . ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] xKtf lbg gljTb} k|d'v ljkIfL bn g]skf -Pdfn]_n] ædlxgf lbg ldq ;/sf/ 9fNg]Æ wDsL km/dfg u¥of] eg] ;Qf?9 bnn] tLg aif{ sfd ubf{ gub}{ cfGtl/s åGådf km;]/ hgtfn] lbPsf] hgfb]zsf] cgfb/ u¥of] . tLg aif{kl5 g} d'n'sn] dWofjl3 lgjf{rgsf] af]em p7fpg' kg]{ jfWotf klg g]kfnL sf+u|];s} gfnfosLn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] .

z'?sf] sfo{sfndf ePsf q'l6, sdhf]/LnfO{ ;RofP/ cl3 a9]sf] eP sf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] hgtfsf] ljZjf; u'dfOxfNg] lyPgg\ . t/ pgLx? Pskl5 csf]{ uNtL bf]xf]¥ofp"b} uP . k|hftGqnfO{ ;'b[9 / ;+:yfut ug]{, hgtfnfO{ /fxt k|bfg ug]{ / d'n'ssf] ;jf{lª0f ljsf; ug]{ bfloTj jf]Sg]x? e|i6frf/df r'n'{Dd 8'j], ;dfhnfO{ g} vf]qmf] kfg]{ cg]s ljs[lt x'sf{P . dWofjlw lgjf{rgkl5sf] sfo{sfndf x'ls{Psf ljs[lt–lj;+ultn] t l;+uf] /fhgLlts If]q g} abgfd x'g k'Uof] . ;f+;bx?n] cfkm" hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt ePsf k|ltlglw xf}+ eGg] ;d]t lj;{g k'u] . pgLx?sf] ;f/f ;do k|hftGq, /fi6 Pp6} kf6L{nfO{ ;/sf/ rnfpg k'Ug] u/L ax'dt k|bfg ug]{ xf] eg] lj;+ult / ljs[ltsf] k|jfx /f]lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; cfd hgtfdf /x]sf] lyof] . /fhgLlts kf6L{n] klg lgjf{rgsf] bf}/fgdf ljs[lt df}nfpg] sf/0f …x+u kfln{ofd]G6Ú xf], cj ax'dt lbg';\ xfdL hfb'sf] 58L rnfP/ ;j 7Ls kf5f}{+ eg]sf lyP . ToxLsf/0f lj=;+ @)%^ sf] cfdlgjf{rgdf g]kfnL hgtfn] sf+u|];nfO{ ;lhnf] u/L ;/sf/ agfpg ;Sg] ax'dt lbP . t/ o;k6s hgtfn] sf+u|];nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] cj;/ klg Joy}{ v]/ uof] . ax'dt k|fKt ;/sf/ eGg ;'xfpg] u/L sf+u|];n] Pp6f klg sfd u/]g . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ;/sf/ rnfPsf] of] b'O{ aif]{ cjlwdf b'O{6f ;/sf/n] sfd ul/;s]sf 5g\ . lul/hfk|;fb ;/sf/df cfPkl5sf] Ps aif{sf] ;dodf dfq kf6L{leq} k6s–k6s u/]/ tLg k6s cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj Nofpg] sf]lz; eof] . xfn;fn} cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj ;d]t NofOof] .

dGqL :jod\ ;/sf/ km]g]{ cleofgdf ;+nUg x'g], dGqLnfO{ x6fpg], lbPsf] dGqL kb gvfg] h:tf y'k|} c:jefljs lqmofsnfkn] cNkdt / ax'dtsf] zf;gsfndf cfwf/e"t cGt/ b]lvPg . ;Qf?9 bn / k|d'v k|ltkIf cfkm}+ klg g/fd|f];+u åGådf km;] eg] ljleGg /fhgLlts bnaLr ;dembf/L, ;dGjo / ;xdlt sfod x'g ;s]g . bnx?aLr ;fdGh:otf sfod x'g ;s]g eg] k|hftGqsf] eljio klg ;+s6df k5{ . clxn] g]kfnL hgtfn] 7"nf] Tofu, alnbfg / ;+3if{af6 xfl;n u/]sf] k|hftGq g} ;+s6df k/]sf] xf] ls eGg] efg kg{ uPsf] 5 .

ljut bz aif{df k6s–k6s ;+;bd} tf]8kmf]8 ug]{, ;+;bdf gf/fafhL ug]{, /f]:6d 3]/fp ug]{ sfo{ eP . hgtfn] dt lbP/ ljlw lgdf{0f ug{ k7fPsf k|ltlglwx? ;+;bsf] a}7s sIfd} df/fdf/ ug{ yfn] . ;QfkIf / k|ltkIfdf /fd|f] ;dembf/L :yflkt gePdf k|hftGq ;'rf? ?kn] rNg ;Sb}g eGg] a'em\g]x? k|z:t} 5g\ . clxn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x?aLr a9]sf] åGåsf] l:yltaf6 kmfObf p7fpg k|ltufdL tTj ;NjnfPsf] 5 . k|hftGq df:g u'Kt / v'nf ?kn] if8oGq ug]{x?nfO{ ;QfkIf / k|ltkIfaLrsf] åGåsf] l:yltaf6 kmfObf p7fpg k|ltufdL tTj ;NjnfPsf] 5 . k|hftGq df:g u'Kt / v'nf ?kn] if8oGq ug]{x?nfO{ ;QfkIf / k|ltkIfaLrsf] åGå lgs} d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 . /, ltgLx? Tof] df}sfsf] kmfObf p7fpg] bfpdf 5g\ eGg] s'/f xfn} /fli6Psf lyP . Pdfn]s} b'j'{l4sf sf/0f df]xl;g clxn] Tof] 7fp"df k'u]sf x'g\ .

df]xl;g h:tf y'k|} k|ltufdLx? clxn]sf] cj:yfaf6 kmfObf p7fpg vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . k|hftGq df:g rfxg]x?n] k|hftGqjfbLx?sf sdhf]/L kQf nufP/ To;dfly k|xf/ ug{ yfln;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|hftGqjfbLn] klg cfkm\gf] sdhf]/L a'lemxfNg' kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . k|hftGqjfbLn] cfkm\gf sdhf]/L a'em]/ ;Rofpg ;s]gg\ eg] To;af6 k|hftGq g} ;dfKt x'g ;S5 . Pdfn], sf+u|];, /fk|kfh:tf cfkm"nfO{ k|hftflGqs kf6L{ bfjL ug]{x?n] o; af/]df tTsfn} u+eL/ eP/ ;f]Rg yflnxfNg' k5{ .

/fhgLlts tyf k|zf;lgs k|0ffnL / kf/blz{tf

o'j/fh kf08]

clxn] w]/} dflg;sf cf"vf kf/bzL{ / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fh:tf ljifoj:t'df ;xh} k'Ug] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] oL ljifox? jt{dfg ;dodf uf]i7L–5nkmn / cGt/lqmofdf a9L :yfg kfpg] s]xL ljifox?leq kb{5g\ . csf{lt/, ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf /x]sf] sf/0fn] cfkm"n] ug]{ lhDdf kfPsf sfd sf/jfxLx? cfkm"af6 s] s;/L ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg] s'/fdf eg] dflg;x?n] Tolt hf"u/ u/]sf] kfOb}g . To;/L g} cfkm";+u /x]sf] clwsf/ cfkm\gf] dftxtdf /x]sf] kbflwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfddf klg dflg;x? xTktL cu|;/ ePsf] kfO{b}g . To;}n] ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xx?df k|z+;f kfpg] / Jojxf/df ptfg{ gvf]lhg] yf]/} k|lqmof jf ljifox?sf] 5gf}6 ug'{k¥of] eg] kf/blz{tf / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 . t;y{, dflg;n] cfkm"n] Jojxf/df ptfg{ gvf]Hg] / c?x?n] Jojxf/df ptf/]sf] b]Vg rfxg] jf cfkm"n] pbfx/0f b]vfpg gvf]Hg] / c?x?sf] pbfx/0f x]g{ vf]Hg] s]xL ljifox?sf] gfd lng' k¥of] eg] kf/blz{tf / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] gfd lng ;lsG5 . x'g klg g]kfndf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf /x]sf s;}n] klg ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / kf/blz{tf cfjZos 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ?kdf JoQm u/]sf] b]lvb}g . ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xx?df jf sfo{qmdx?df af]Ng' k¥of] eg] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / kf/blz{tfsf] ;a}eGbf k|v/ lxdfotL cfkm" /x]sf] b]vfpg ;a}h;f] dflg;x? pl5g–kfl5g u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ cfkm";+u /x]sf sltko clwsf/x? cfkm\gf] dftxtsf lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lbg] s'/f p7\of] jf cfkm" ;Dj4 /x]sf] / cfkm";d]t ;+nUg /x]sf] s'g} sfo{sf] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs agfpg] s'/f p7\of] eg] To:tf] sfd /fli6ug]{ cgf}7f}+ k|a[lQ xfdLsxf" ljBdfg 5 . cfkm"n] ug{ yfn]sf] sfo{sf] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs agfp"bf sfddf cj/f]w k'Ug] jf l9nfO{ x'g]h:tf sf/0f b]vfP/ To;nfO{ ;s] hlt uf]Ko /fv]/ kf/blz{tfsf] ljifodf efif0f ug{ cu|;/ x'g] k|a[lQ klg plQs} 68\sf/f] b]lvG5 . s'/f / sfdsf] aLrdf /x]sf] of] cGt/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt / k|zf;g b'a} If]qdf ;dfg ?kn] ljBdfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] kf/blz{tfsf] sdL jf cefj / clwsf/sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf sdL jf cefjnfO{ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLdf /x]sf b'O{ k|d'v ;d:ofsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

;fj{hlgs cf]xbdf lgo'Qm x'g] JolQmnfO{ ;f] kbdf /x]sf cj:yfdf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{sf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lglZrt cfrf/sf] kfngf ug]{ k|tL1f u/fpg] rng ;+;f/sf c? d'n'sx?df h:t} xfd|f] d'n'sdf klg ljBdfg 5 . ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf lgo'Qm x'g] JolQmnfO{ u/fOg] k|tL1fnfO{ xfdLx?n] kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky eGg] ;+1f ;d]t lbg] u/]sf 5f}+ . ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf a;]/ sfd ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ yfxf x'g] / ;fj{hlgs agfpg gx'g] vfnsf ;"rgfx? uf]Ko /fVg]5' eg]/ JolQmnfO{ To:tf] cf]xbfdf k'Ug] ;dodf zky u/fOg] ePsf]n] g} To:tf] zkynfO{ uf]kgLotfsf] zky eGg] rng rn]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f :ki6 g} 5 . csf{lt/, ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm lbg] ;dodf p;nfO{ To:tf] cf]xbfdf /x]sf] ;dodf p;n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf ;"rgfx? n'sfpg] 5}g jf 9f"6\g] 5}g eGg] k|tL1f u/fpg] rng eg] clxn];Dd klg a;]sf] 5}g . sltko d'n'sx?df ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf /x]sf JolQmn] 36]sf] jf ;"rgf n'sfPsf] sf/0fn] p;nfO{ To:tf] cf]xbfdf cl8g d'lZsn k/]sf cg]sf}+ b[i6fGtx? e]l6G5g\ . tL d'n'sx?df ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf k'Ug] JolQmnfO{ To:tf] cf]xbfdf /x]sf] ;dodf hg;fwf/0fnfO{ unt ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg] 5}g jf 9f"9\g] 5}g eGg] k|tL1f u/fpg] rng /x]sf] kfOG5 . To;/L kf/blz{tfnfO{ zkysf] c¨ agfp"bf ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf a9L kf/blz{tf sfod ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] s'/f :ki6 g} 5 . To;}n] /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLnfO{ :jR5, ;Ifd / ;jn agfpgsf] lglDt ltgsf] ;~rfng k|lqmof kf/bzL{ x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ xf] eg] kf/blz{tfnfO{ zkydf ;d]t :yfg lbg'k5{ eGg] sltko cWo]tf / cg';Gwftfx?sf] ljrf/nfO{ klg :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvg cfp"5 . kf/blz{tfnfO{ zkydf :yfg lbg] / s'g} JolQm s'g} kbdf /x]sf] ;dodf p;n] To; kbdf lgo'Qm kfpg] ;dodf u/]sf] zkysf] k|lts"n 7xg]{ vfnsf] sfd u/]df To:tf] sfo{nfO{ ;f] JolQm To; kbdf /xg cof]Uo 7xg]{ xb;Ddsf] uDeL/ s;'/ dfGg] Joj:yf eof] eg] xfd|f] /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLnfO{ a9L kf/bzL{ agfpg] lbzfdf 7f]; ;kmntf k|fKt x'g] s'/f lglZrt g} 5 . To;}n] ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf lgo'lQm kfpg] JolQmnfO{ u/fOg] zkysf] Joxf]/fdf ;f] cf]xbfdf /x]sf] ;dodf daf6 ;fj{hlgs dxTj ePsf] / uf]Ko /fVg gx'g] ;"rgfnfO{ n'sfpg] jf 9f"6\g] sfd x'g] 5}g eGg] ;d]tsf] ljj/0f yk ug]{ lg0f{o ul/xfNg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf lgo'lQm kfpg] JolQmnfO{ u/fOg] zkydf o:tf] Joxf]/f yk u/]kl5 To:tf] zky kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zkysf] ?kdf dfq ;Lldt g/x]/ kf/blz{tfsf] zky ;d]t x'g k'Ug] / To:tf] zkynfO{ uf]kgLotfsf] zky geg]/ kb / kf/blz{tf tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky eGg'kg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf x'g] s'/f klg :ki6 5 .

/fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLdf kf/blz{tf sfod x'g g;s];Dd ;+ljwfgn] g]kfnL gful/sx?nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] ;"rgfsf] xs jf:tljs ?kdf pkef]u ug{ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfx? ;dy{ gx'g] s'/f klg :ki6 g} 5 . t;y{ kf/blz{tfnfO{ /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/e"t rl/qsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ sfddf xfl;n x'g] ;kmntfnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] efjgfnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ sfo{df k|fKt x'g] ;kmntfsf] ?kdf ;d]t lng ldNb5 . To;}n] ;"rgfsf] xs ;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf cg'?k ;"rgfsf] xs ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] th'{df ePsf] v08df klg d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg] sfo{df ;kmntf k'Ug] s'/f :ki6 g} 5 . ;"rgfsf] xs ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] ug{] s] s:tf sfd sf/jfxL ;DaGwL s] s:tf] ;"rgfx? uf]Ko /fVg'k5{ / s] s:tf ;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs agfpg' k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ :ki6 ?kn] kl/eflift ug{ ;lsof] eg] /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg 7f]; ;3fp k'Ug ;Sb5 .

To;}n] kf/blz{tf / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fh:tf /fd|f cjwf/0ffx?sf] ;fj{hlgs ?kn] k|z+;f u/]/ dfq To:tf cjwf/0ffx? Jojxf/df gplqg] / Jojxf/df gplqPsf cjwf/0ffx? hlt;'s} /fd|f eP klg ltgaf6 d'n's / d'n'sjf;LnfO{ s'g} kmfO{bf gk'Ug] ePsf]n] o:tf cjwf/0ffx?sf] k|z+;f ug]{ sfd dfq gu/]/ ltgnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ 7f]; pkfosf] klxrfg / cjnDag ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .

gful/stf ljw]os / t/fO{sf gful/s

:d[ltgf/fo0f rf}w/L

d}lynLdf Pp6f nf]ssyf 5– Pp6L u/La / j];xf/f dlxnfn] jNnjNn Ps 7fp"df dhb'/L ug]{ df}sf kfOl5g\ . udL{ dlxgfdf, rsf]{ 3fddf lbgel/ sfd u/]kl5 ;fx'n] kfl/>ldssf] ?kdf Pp6f c7GgL -df]x/_ lbP5 . Tof] df]x/ l3l;bf l3l;bf vf]6f] eO;s]sf] /x]5 . tLglbgb]lv s]xL vfg gkfPsL tL dlxnf 7"nf] cfzfn] Pp6f k;ndf uO{ pQm df]x/ lbb} To;sf] vfg] s'/f dflul5g\, t/ k;]n]n] Tof] df]x/ vf]6f] ePsf] atfp"b} kmfnL lbP5 . === ax'rlr{t gful/stf ;DjGwL ljw]ossf] cfh oxL xfnt ePsf] 5 . aiff}{b]lv gful/stfsf] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t t/fO{af;L g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] nfdf] kl/>d / bjfjn] ubf{ g} Tof] ljw]os cfPsf] xf] . pQm ljw]os k|ltlglw;efaf6 b'O{ k6s kfl/t u/]kl5 nfndf]x/sf nflu b/jf/ uPkl5 t/fO{jf;Lx?n] s]xL /fxt dx;'; u/]sf lyP, t/ >L % af6 nfndf]x/ nufpg] ;§f w]/} ;do;Dd clgl0f{t ?kdf /fv]/ xfn} ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /fosf nflu k7fO{ lbPkl5 xfdL ;a}n] cfkm"nfO{ pk/f]Qm syfdf jl0f{t dlxnfsf] cg'e"lt ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 .

k~rfotsfndf t/fO{jf;Lx?dfly 7"nf] kIfkft / cGofo eof] . lzIff, ;+:sf/ / cGo sltko sf/0fn] t/fO{jf;Lx? k|hftGqjfbL ePsf] sf/0fn] tfgfzfxL k~rfot Joj:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ t/fO{jf;LnfO{ c/fli6q lbg] lg0f{o ;/sf/n] u¥of] . o;sf] nflu 6f]nL u7g ug]{ k|lqmof klg z'? eof] . t/ cbfntaf6 /f]sfOof] . t/fO{af;Lsf] of] ;d:of c? kf6L{x?nfO{ yfxf gePsf] xf]Og . r'gfjsf] a]nf x/]s dtbftfn] of] ;d:of ;a} kf6L{sf] g]tf ;dIf /fv]sf lyP / Pdfn]n] cfkm" ;Qfdf hfgf;fy of] ;d:of ;'Nemfpg] jrg lbPsf] lyof] . cfhsf] dfn] Tof] j]nf Pdfn]leq} lyof] . To;}n] Pdfn]sf] Tof] jrgaf6 dfn] klg plDsg ldNb}g . Pdfn] ;Qfdf uPkl5 p;n] klg tTsfnLg ;f+;b wgklt pkfWofosf] cWoIftdf ;ldlt u7g u/L ;'emfj dfUof] . g]sfn] u7g u/]sf] dxGy 7fs'/sf] ;ldltn] lbPsf] / pkfWofosf] ;ldltn] lbPsf] ;'emfjdf tflTjs cGt/ lyPg . t/ To;nfO{ Pdfn]n] nfu" u/]g . To;aLr km]l/ r'gfj cfof] . hgtfn] km]l/ cfkm\gf] s'/f p7fP . g]sf / Pdfn]n] cf–cfkm\gf] 3f]if0ffkq b]vfp"b} o;kN6 kSsf ;dfwfg ug]{ ljZjf; lbnfP . hgtfn] g]sfnfO{ ;Qf / Pdfn]nfO{ k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn agfP . t/fO{af;Lk|lt jqmb[li6 /fVg] dfn] / d08n] dfsf{ k~rnfO{ hgtfn] ;+;bdf l5g}{ lbPgg\ . -Ps b'O{ ckjfbjfx]s_ r'gfjkl5 ;a} bn ldn]/ o; cl3sf ;a} ;ldltsf ;'emfjx?nfO{ x]/]/ tbg'?k ljw]os aGof] . ljw]ossf] d:of}bfdf Jofks 5nkmn eof] . w]/} sf6\s'6\ u/]/ k|ltlglw;efdf cfof] . k':tf}+b]lv gful/stf ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t t/fO{jf;Lx?n] o;nfO{ ægx'g'eGbf sfgf] dfdf x'g' klg /fd|} xf]Æ egL :jLsf/ u/] . k|ltlglw;efdf ;j{;Ddltaf6 kf; eof] . t/ hgtfsf ;d:ofl;t ckl/lrt / r'gfj n8\g} gkg]{ /fli6of] 36gfn] b/jf/df clxn] klg t/fO{jf;Lx?nfO{ g]kfnL g} g7fGg] k+rfotL k|j[lQ xfjL /x]sf] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . d cyjf k|ltlglw;efsf g]sfsf ;f+;bx? dfq x}g t/fO{jf;Lsf] ;d:of a'em\g] cGo kf6L{sf] ;f+;b klg of] ljw]ossf] kIfdf 5g\, t/ pgLx? ækf6L{sf] nfOgÆn] ubf{ cfkm"x? df}g /xg' k/]sf] atfp"5g\ . t/ d eG5'– hgtf / hgk|ltlglwx?sf] efjgf ljk/Lt hfg] kf6L{ s:tf] kf6L{ xf] < To:tf kf6L{n] cfkm"nfO{ æhgtfsf] kf6L{Æ eGg] g}lts clwsf/ u'dfPsf 5g\ . gful/stfsf] ;d:of t/fO{sf] Pp6f hl6n ;d:of xf] . t/fO{sf xhf/f}+ g]kfnL gful/sn] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq kfPsf 5}gg\ . t/fO{jf;Lsf] gfddf ljb]zLn] gful/stf kfpg' x'"b}g . d t eG5'– t/fO{af;Lsf] gfddf dfq x}g kxf8]sf] gfddf klg ljb]zLn] kfpg' x'Gg . olb jt{dfg ljw]osdf ljb]zLx? l5g]{ 9f]sfx? 5g\ eg] To;nfO{ y'gf}+, t/ jf:tljs g]kfnLn] klg gful/stf gkfpg] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] cGt u/f}+ . k|ltlglw;efn] kf; u/]/ b/jf/ k7fPsf] ljw]osnfO{ vf]6f] df]x/h:tf] Jojxf/ ul/g' /fd|f] ePg . of] /fd|f] nIf0f xf]Og .

-n]vs wg'iffaf6 lgjf{lrt ;f+;b x'g'x'G5 ._