hgtfn] km]l/ ;a}lt/af6 wf]sf kfP †
;+;b jGb g} eP klg cWofb]zsf] nIo gdg]{

ca rflx+ ;+;b kSs} ;+rfng x'g] eof] egL cfzf ug]{ hgtfn] km]l/ wf]vf kfP . lxhf] klg ;+;b cj?4 ePkl5 ;/sf/ / k|ltkIfaLr ;xdlt eP/ rf“8} ;+;b ;'rf? 9+un] rNg] ck]Iff ug]{x? lvGg ePsf 5g\ . cl:t uf“7f] vf]Ng tTk/ ePsf k|ltkIfL bnx? lxhf] cs:dft sf]N6] kmls{P . lxhf] pgLx?n] k|bz{g u/]sf] Ps ;"qLo cleofg x]g]{ x/]ssf] l6Kk0fL lyof]— logLx? l/df]6 sG6h] eP klg, d'n'sn] k|hftGqsf] cEof; ul//x]sf] a]nfdf ;QfkIf / k|d'v k|ltkIfaLr o:tf] c;lxi0f'tf / c;dembf/L a9\g' ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] nflu sbflk /fd|f] xf]Og . clxn]sf] k4lt ;+;bnfO{ lg0ff{os zlQm dfGg] / ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;jf]{Rrtf k|bfg ug]{ k4lt xf] . ;+ljwfg ldRg] s'/f afx]s x/]s dfdnfdf ;+;bsf] lg0f{o g} clGtd x'G5 . ;+;bn] rfx]df ;+ljwfgsf s]xL cfwf/e"t kIf afx]s c? k|fjwfg kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5 . ;+;bn] ;+ljwfg oyfjt /fv];Dd jf kl/jt{g gu/];Dd cbfntn] klg cGoyf ug{ ldNb}g . ;+ljwfg g} ;+zf]wg ug{ rfxg]x?n] klxn] ;+;bnfO{ cfkm\gf] cg's"n agfpg' k5{ . ;+ljwfg dfly cbfntn] klg c+s'z nufpg ;Qm}g . To;}n] ;+;b g} hgtfsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cf:yf / ljZjf;sf] s]Gb| ag]sf] 5 .

;+;b ;/sf/n] g} 8fSg] eP tfklg k|hftflGqs k4ltdf ;+;b k|ltkIfsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] c:q xf] . x/]s b]zdf k|ltkIfn] ;/sf/ lj?4 of] c:q k|of]u u5{ . g]kfndf klg, ljutdf k|ltkIfn] ;+;bnfO{ pkof]u u/]/ sltko dxTjk"0f{ k|s/0fdf cfkm\gf] klxn]sf] dfgl;stf TofUg ;lhnf] kf/]sf] lyof] . clxn] b]zdf To:t} jftfj/0f rflxPsf] lyof] . cyf{t\ k|ltkIf ;+;bs} dfWodaf6 ;/sf/nfO{ p;sf] lg0f{o km]g{ afWo kfg]{ . t/ Tof] ePg . eO/x]sf] 5}g . x'g} nIf0f klg 5}g . k|ltkIf emg\emg\ s7f]/ / c;lxi0f'tf x'"b} ;+;bLo dfGotfnfO{ g} nTofO/x]sf] 5 . hgtfn] PskN6 km]l/ ;a}lt/af6 wf]sf kfpg] eP .

k|ltkIfL bnx? ;+;b rNg} glbg] s'/fdf cl8u 5g\ . t/ x/]s kf6L{sf] b'O{ cg'xf/ b]lvG5 . Pdfn] g]tfx? k|=d=nfO{ ;+;bdf af]Ng lbg tof/ 5f}+ eG5g\, t/ ;+;bsf] a}7s z'? ePkl5 pgLx? k|=d= t s] dGqL jf ;QfkIfsf ;f+;bnfO{ klg af]Ng lb+b}gg\ . a}7s z'? x'gf;fy pgLx? ;bgdf gf/f nufpg yfN5g\ . Pdfn] / /fk|kfdf s]xL leGgtf x'g' kg]{ xf] . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgk|lt Pdfn]eGbf /fk|kf a9L lgi7fjfg x'g' kg]{ xf] . t/ To:tf] b]lvPg . xfnsf] ;Gbe{df /fk|kfsf] s'g} klxrfg b]lvb}g . p Pdfn]sf] k'R5/ dfq ePsf] 5 . /fk|kfsf ax'dt ;b:ox? kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] 5'§} klxrfg agfpg' kg]{ / Pdfn]sf] ;lt hfg' gx'g] kIfdf 5g\ . t/ cb[Zo zlQmsf] lgb]{zgdf pQm kf6L{ clxn] klg k|hftflGqs dfGotf lj?4 plePsf] 5 . /fk|kfn] ;d]t Pdfn]sf] cg'z/0f u/]kl5 /f=h=df]= tyf ;+=h=df]=sf] e"ldsfk|lt s;n] l6Kk0fL ug]{ < Pdfn] g} ;+;b rNg} glbg sl:;Pkl5 ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ gi6 ug]{ Wo]on] g} ;+;bleq k;]sf /fhdf] / ;+hdf] a9L pT;flxt x'g' :jefljs 5 . t/ ljZj:t ;"q cg';f/, ;Dk"0f{ ljkIfL bn cf–cfkm\gf] :jfy{ / nIosf sf/0fn] tTsfn cfuf] emf]:g ;xdt eP klg ;+;bdf ;Qf?9 bnsf] k"0f{ ax'dt ePsf]n] k|ltkIfL Pstfsf] e/n] dfq s'g} kl/jt{g x'g ;Qm}g . cyf{t\ k|hftGq dfl;g ;Qm}g .

olb k|ltkIfL bnn] ;+;b cj?4 ul/g} /x] eg] ;+ejtM ;/sf/ klg x]l/g} /xg] 5 . anhkm\tL / k|ltkIfnfO{ lgsfn]/ klg ;+;b rnfpg ;Sg] clwsf/ eP klg ;/sf/ Tof] kIfdf b]lvb}g . b]zsf k|yd hglgjf{lrt ;+;b -@)!^ ;fn_ sf ;efd'v Pjd\ k"j{ k|=d= s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{n] o;/L cj/f]w v8f ug]{ ;f+;bx?nfO{ lgisflzt ug'{kg]{ /fo lb+b} k|ltkIf geP klg ;+;b / ;+;bLo sf/jfxL rNg ;Sg] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 . t/ ;/sf/ of] kIfdf 5}g . pkk|=d= /fdrGb| kf}8]nsf] lxhf] eGg'eof]– ;+;b rnfpg] lhDd]bf/L ;/sf/sf] dfq x}g k|ltkIfsf] klg xf] . k|ltkIf g} ;+;b rnfpg rfxb}g eg] xfdLn] s] ug]{ < ;+;bsf] clwj]zg aGb g} eP klg xfdLnfO{ s]xL km/s kb}{g . Ps k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf pxf“n] eGg'eof]– h'g p2]Zon] cWofb]z cfPsf] xf], Tof] sfd z'? eO;s]sf] 5 . ca ;+;baf6 tTsfn Tof] cWofb]z kfl/t geP klg sfd /f]lsg] 5}g . ;+;bsf] clwj]zg g} aGb eof] eg] klg s'g} e'"Orfnf] hfg] 5}g . pxf“ eGg'x'G5– æxfdL clwj]zg rnfpg tof/ 5f}+, h'g;'s} k|:tfjsf] klg ;fdgf ug{ tof/ 5f}+, t/ k|ltkIfLx? lgod / ljlw;Ddt 9+un] gcfO{ d'9]an k|bz{g ug{ vf]H5g\ eg] s] ug]{ <Æ

clxn] k|ltkIfdf /x]sf clwsf+z bn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] lj?4 5g\ . jfdkGyL bnx?sf] ;}4flGts dfGotf g} of] k4lt Pjd\ o;n] k|bfg u/]sf] ;'ljwf / :jtGqnfO{ pkof]u u/]/ o;nfO{ gi6 ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] t'ngfdf ax'bnLo Joj:yf / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf a9L /xg' kg]{ /fk|kf / ;b\efjgf kf6L{ klg Pdfn]s} v}+h8Ldf gf“Rg yfn]kl5 cg]s z+sf p7]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ca ;/sf/ ;+ljwfg, lgodfjnL / ;+;bLo d"No dfGotf x]/]/ To; cg';f/ zlQm k|of]u u/L hf]lvd p7fpg] ;§f /ldt] ag]/ v]n x]g]{ kIfdf /x]sf] a'lemG5 . ;efd'v tf/fgfy /fgfef6n] ;/sf/L bjfjnfO{{ c:jLsf/ u/L k|ltkIfnfO{ an k'¥ofp“bf klg k|ltkIf /fgfef6nfO{ g} c;kmn kfg{ p2t ePsf] 5 . ;efd'v /fgfef6 k|ltkIfnfO{ dfz{n nufpg] kIfdf x'g'x'Gg . pxf“n] sf+u|];sf] ljz]if e]nfdf g} eGg'eof]– …Psyl/ sDo'lgi6x? h+un kl;;s]sf 5g\ . To;sf] kl/0ffd xfdL b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] ;+;bdf /x]sf sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ klg dfz{n nufP/ lgsfn]/ h+un k7fpg d rfxGg . t/ pxf“n] a'wjf/ ;+;bdf k|ltkIfnfO{ ug'{ePsf] ckLn x]bf{ ca k|ltlglw;ef rNg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ k|ltkIfn] pxf“sf] efjgf / ljgd|tfk"0f{ cg'/f]wnfO{ 7f8} nTofO{ Ps ldg]6 klg ;+;b rNg lbPg . ca ;efd'v klg lg/fz b]lvg' x'G5 . ca ko{j]Ifsx? klg k|ltkIfn] ;+;b cj?4 ug'{sf] sf/0f nfp8f Po/ jf cGo 3f]lift dfdnf geO{ c? g} / cb[Zo tTj /x]sf] 7x/df k'u]sf 5g\ .

;+ljwfg, ;+;bLo k|0ffnL Pjd\ b]zsf] ;d;fdlos l:ylt / ;d:ofl;t kl/lrt sfg"gljb\x?sf cg';f/, olb @^ ut];Dd cWofb]z kfl/t ePg jf cWofb]z jf/] s'g} lg0f{o gu/L ;+;bsf] clwj]zg ;dfKt eof] jf cWofb]z lgliqmo g} eof] eg] klg b]zsf] cj:yfdf w]/} km/s kg]{ 5}g . oxf“;Ddls cWofb]zsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm kfPsf sd{rf/L Pjd\ pgLx?n] kfPsf] tnj / ;'ljwfdf klg s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g . cWofb]z ælgliqmoÆ ePdf ;/sf/n] ;Dj4 sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ csf]{ sfg"g k|of]u u/]/ oyfjt /fVg ;S5 . To:tf] sfg"g 5 . To;}n] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gljb\ eG5g\– æcWofb]z kfl/t gx'"b}df e'O"rfnf] hf“b}g . ;+;b rNg g;s]/ cWofb]z kfl/t gx'"b} clwj]zg aGb ePsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] y'k|} j}slNks pkfo 5g\ .Æ

t/ ;/sf/ cWofb]z ;+;bsf] oxL clwj]zgaf6 kfl/t u/fpg] kIfdf 5 . k|ltkIfLx?sf] efjgfnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ tyf pgLx?s} ;Nnfxdf cWofb]z Nofp“bf klg k|ltkIfL bnn] j]OdfgL b]vfPsf]df ;/sf/ rlst 5 . ;/sf/sf] egfO{ 5– zflGt ;'/Iff ;/sf/nfO{ eGbf k|ltkIfnfO{ a9L cfjZos x'G5 . t/ zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] Wo]on] NofOPsf] cWofb]zsf] k|ltkIf / b/jfl/ofx?n] lj/f]w ug'{ /x:odo 5 . cfkm\g} lxt x'g ;Sg] sfg"g t'?Gt} ag]sf]df cfklQ hgfpg' cgf}7f] ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ;QfkIfsf ;dy{s eG5g\– olb k|ltkIfx? rfx"b}gg\ / hgtfsf] efjgfdfly o;}u/L v]nfjf8 ul//xg] xf] eg] ;+;b clwj]zg cGTo u/] klg x'G5 . Joy{sf] vr{ lsg a9fpg] < ;QfkIfsf] ;fdfGo dfgl;stf o:tf] eP tfklg ;/sf/ eg] clwj]zg rf8} 6'+Uofpg] kIfdf 5}g . :jod\ pkk|wfgdGqL kf}8]nn] g} lxhf] eGg'eof]– …;/sf/ o:tf] cj/f]waf6 uNg]jfnf 5}g . xfdL x/]s k|sf/sf] ;+3if{ ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . ;+3if{ klg, ;xdlt klg– b'a} s'/fsf] nflu xfdL tof/ 5f}+ . k|ltkIfn] p7fPsf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg klg ;+;baf6 x'g ;S5 . xfdL ;+;bnfO{ g hj/h:tL rnfpg] kIfdf 5f}+, g aLrd} /f]Sg rfxG5f}+ . ;a} sfd ;xh / ;+;bLo 9+un] xf];\ ;/sf/ 8/fP/ efUg] 5}g .

;+;bsf] lqrfnL;f}+ lbg

cl3Nnf] lbg cyf{t\ lxp“b] clwj]zgsf] aofnL;f}+ lbg cfznfUbf] eP/ :ylut ePsf] ;+;bsf] a}7s To;sf] ef]lnkN6 lxhf] @% ;]s]08 dfq rNof] . of] lbg cyf{t\ cl:t j'wjf/ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 pkk|wfgdGqL / cGo ;a} kf6L{sf k|ltlglwx?n] kfn}kfnf] af]Ng kfPsf] 36gfn] of] cfzf pdf/]sf] lyof] . …;+;bsf] sfjf{xL z'? eof]Ú egL ;efd'vn] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnsf Tof] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;a} ;f+;b s';L{af6 p7]/ af]Ng kfpg' kg]{ dfu /fv] . ;efd'vn] ljz]if ;dodf af]Ng] ;f+;bx?sf] gfd l6Kb} æs;}sf gfd ljl;{P5' eg] ;+emfpg' xf]nf, lbg'xf]nfÆ eGb} gfd l6Kb} ubf{ ub}{ k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnsf tkm{af6 k|bLk 1jfnLn] …nfp8f ljdfg ef8fdf Nofp“bf e|i6frf/ ePsf] x'"bf k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg'kg]{, Tof] /fhLgfdf gcfp~h]n ;+;b jlx:sf/ ug]{ xfd|f] gLlt cg';f/ /fk|kf, /fhdf], ;+hdf], g]dlskf ;a}n] ;+;b jlx:sf/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/] jdf]lhd jlxisf/ u5f}+ eGg] 3f]if0ff ug'{eof] / ;a} ;f+;b jflx/ lgl:sP . pxf“x? aflx/ lgl:s/x]s} a]nf ;efd'vn] cfufdL ;f]daf/,

r}q !% ut] k'gM ;ef a:g] ;"rgf lbPkl5 ;QfkIfsf klg ;f+;bx? aflx/ cfP . of] lg0f{o kl5 l56f] eof] eg] k|ltlglw;efdf hfg vf]Hg]x? k|j]z ubf{ / leqaf6 alx:sf/ u/]/ aflx/ lg:sg] ;f+;bx? aLrdf af6f] vf]Hg jfWo ePsf b]lvP . Tof] cfug s6\gf;fy alx:sf/ ug]{ ;f+;b ;f]Wb} lyP– ca a}7s slxn] x'g] eof] < aflx/ dfOs ;'g]/ a;]sf sd{rf/Ln] …of] lbgÚ egL hgfpg yfn]kl5 dfq alx:sf/ ug]{x?n] ;ef ejgsf] cfug aflx/ Tof] ;"rgf kfP– lnP .

o;sf] cl3Nnf] lbg To:t} /dfOnf] 36\gf eof] . ;efd'vn] Pshgf k|ltkIfL ;f+;b /fk|kfsf kz'kltzDz]/ hj/fnfO{ af]Ng ;do lbPkl5 / pxf“n] af]n]kl5 pkk|wfgdGqL tyf u[xdGqL /fdrGb| kf}8]nnfO{ af]Ng ;do lbg'eof] . dGqLn] af]Ng kfOb}g egL df/kL6;Dd ePsf] oxL clwj]zgsf] ToxL ;efsIfdf ca s] x'G5 egL ;+;b kl/;/df hDdf ePsf] eL8 cToGt pT;'s eP/ kf; x'g]jfnf bf}8fbf}8 u/]/ ;efsIf leq hfg], leq hfg gkfpg], Toxf“leqsf] ultljlw ;'Gg ;lsg] 7fp“ vf]Hg] qmddf 7"n} efubf}8 ePsf] lyof] . t/ pkk|wfgdGqLn] /fd|};+u af]Ng'eof], s/La !% ldg]6sf] pxf“sf] efif0fkl5 ;a} kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf s'/f /fv] . leq h] eof] Tof] eGbf v'zL Tof] ;efsIfsf] aflx/ b]lvof] . Toxf“ pkl:yt ;j{;fwf/0f / ;+;bsf sd{rf/Lx? ca ;+;b z'? eof] egL htftt} Pp6f 7"nf] ljho pNnf;sf;fy v'lzofnL dgfpg] qmddf Pscsf{aLr jftf{, lrofkfg / gf:tf kfgLsf nflu lgDtf] lbO/x]sf lyP . t/ To;sf] cf3f 306fkl5 km]l/ ;bg jlx:sf/ ePsf] ;dfrf/ cfof] / jlx:sf/ ug]{ ;f+;bx?sf] x'n ;efsIfaf6 aflx/ lg:sg yfn]kl5– Tof] v'lzofnL k"j{jtM ;]nfpg k'Uof] .

;fgf g]tfsf ;QfO; s'/f

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf b]zel/sf lhNnf cWoIfx?n] 5'§} a}7s u/L kf6L{ / ;/sf/sf sdhf]/Lx?af/] Jofks 5nkmn u/L ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ @& ;"qLo ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . ækf6L{ / ;/sf/n] cljnDa ug'{kg]{Æ elgPsf] tL df+ux?nfO{ k|=d=Pjd\ ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] plrt ePsf] 7x/ ub}{ tL df+u oyf;Dej zL3| sfof{Gjog ug]{ cfZjf;g lbg' ePsf] s'/f g]sf s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . %–^ ut]sf] ljz]if e]nfsf] ;Gbe{df /fhwfgLdf hDdf ePsf cWoIfx?n] & ut] pQm lg0f{o ub}{ * ut] ;fd"lxs ?kdf jfn'jf6f/ uO{+ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP . pgLx?sf] ;'emfjkqsf] ljj/0f–

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo" Pjd\ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;efklt

>L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfHo",

;j{k|yd ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts kl/l:yltaf/] @)%& r}q % / ^ ut] /flvPsf] 5nkmn sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|]; lhNnf ;efkltx?nfO{ ;d]t af]nfP/ ;xefuL x'g] df}sf lbg' ePsf]df lhNnf ;efkltx? tkfO{+df cfef/ k|s6 ub}{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ . ;f] 5nkmn sfo{qmddf kfl/t k|:tfjx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpgdf ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL Pjd\ kf6L{ ;efkltHo"x?nfO{ ;kmntf k|fKt xf];\ / xfd|f] tkm{af6 k"/f ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/Lx? sfof{Gjog ug{df klg lgi7fk"j{s nfUg]5f}+ eGg] s'/f cjut u/fpg rfxG5f}+ . @)%& k'; & ut] lhNnf ;efkltx?sf] a}7s a;L Jofks 5nkmn u/L lgDglnlvt s'/fx? kf6L{ / ;/sf/af6 cljnDa ug'{kg]{ lgisif{df k'uL ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL Pjd\ kf6L{ ;efkltHo"nfO{ ;'emfj k|:t't ub{5f}+ .

!= cfufdL hgcfGbf]ng lbj; -r}q @^ ut]_b]lv ;~rfng x'g] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f tyf zflGt cleofg z'? x'g' cufj} g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+;bLo bnn] u/]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ xfd|f jt{dfg Pjd\ e"tk"j{ dGqL, ;f+;b / pRr kb:y /fhgLlts lgo'lQm kfPsf JolQmx?sf] ;DklQ 5fglag ug{ kf6L{leq}af6 zlQmzfnL cfof]u u7g ul/;Sg' kg]{ .

@= g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] cljnDa k"0f{tf kfpg' kg]{ / ljwfg cg';f/ If]qLo ;+of]hsx? / ;lrjx?sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .

#= s]Gb|Lo sfof{nonfO{ cem a9L Jojl:yt / ;'–;+rfng cljnDa ug'{kg]{ . kf6L{sf] cfkm\g} s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ejg zL3| x'g'kg]{ .

$= lhNnf / s]Gb|df l56f] ;~rf/ nufotsf] ;Dks{ dfWod :yfkgf x'g'kg]{ .

%= s'g} klg /fhgLlts lgo'lQm ubf{ -s]Gb| / lhNnf b'j}df_ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] sfo{;ldltsf] /fo ;Nnfx / l;kmfl/z lnP/ dfq ug'{kg]{ . xfn ePsf lhNnf / s]Gb|sf /fhgLlts lgo'lQmx?sf] k'gd"{Nof+sg cljnDa ug'{kg]{ .

^= ;f+;b If]q ljsf; sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ubf{ ;DalGwt lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] /fo ;Nnfx lnP/ ug'{kg]{ .

&= kf6L{ ejg gePsf lhNnfx?df kf6L{ ejg lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos lgb]{zg Pjd\ ;xof]u lbg'kg]{ .

*= dfggLo ;f+;bx?n] lhNnf sfo{;ldlt a}7sdf ;do–;dodf pkl:yt ePdf lhNnf sfo{;ldlt / ;f+;baLr ;dGjo /fVg ;lhnf] kg]{ x'gfn] ;f] cg';f/ lgb]{zg x'g'kg]{ .

(= lhNnfdf kf6L{ ;~rfng ug{ n]jLsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ . o;df s]Gb|n] g} s'g–s'g :t/sf kbdf /x]sf JolQmaf6 slt–slt lng] lgwf{/0f u/L tf]sL lbg'kg]{ .

!)= lhNnf kf6L{ ;efkltx?sf] e]nf ljz]if cj:yfdf afx]s klg ^–^ dlxgfdf /fVg] k|lqmofsf] z'?jft ug'{kg]{ .

!!= ljutdf ePsf] kf6L{ lqmofzLntf / hg;Dks{ cleofg cToGt pkof]uL / hLjGt ePsf]n] eljiodf klg of] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ . xfnsf] ;Gbe{df o;nfO{ zflGt cleofgsf] Pp6f c+usf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ .

!@= k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ c~rn÷lhNnf :t/df oyfzL3| n}hfg'kg]{ .

!#= kf6L{leq d]nldnfksf] cfwf/ gLlt;Ddt, ljlwljwfg;Ddt tyf pbf/ b[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df yflng' k5{ .

!$= kf6L{df ;+:yfut ljsf; gePsf]n] w]/} ;d:ofx? pTkGg ePsf 5g\ . ufp“÷gu/÷If]qsf s'/f lhNnf / lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] s'/f s]Gb|n] ;'gL sfof{Gjog ug]{ kl/kf6L{ a;fNg' kg]{ .

!%= cfufdL jflif{s jh]6 / sfo{qmd tof/ ubf{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf ;efkltx?sf] klg /fo ;'emfj lng' kg]{ .

!^= dGqLx?n] lhNnfdf hf“bf kf6L{nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf k"j{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] / kf6L{ sfof{nodf hfg] kl/kf6L a;fNg' kg]{ .

!&= dGqLx?n] lhNnfdf hf“bf kf6L{nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf k"j{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] / kf6L{ sfof{nodf hfg] kl/kf6L a;fNg' kg]{ .

!&= u/La;+u ljZj]Zj/ sfo{qmd, dlxnf hfu[lt sfo{qmd / u0f]zdfg zflGt cleofg sfo{qmdx?sf] ;dodf jh]6 /sd lgsf;f x'g' kg]{ .

!*= dfcf]jfbLaf6 kLl8t eO{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf cfPsf hgtfnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Kofs]h k|f]u|fd cljnDa agfO{ nfu" ug'{ kg]{ .

!(= ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]usf] sfo{k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvPsf] 5}g . o;nfO{ rflxg] hlt lhNnfdf dfq /fvL cljnDa sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg' kg]{ .

@)= k|wfgdGqLsf] :jsLo ;lrjfnonfO{ cljnDa ;dofg';f/ a9L ;Ifd agfpg' kg]{ . slDtdf b'O{ hgf l;lgo/ /fhgLlts JolQmTjnfO{ /fVg' kg]{ .

@!= dfcf]jfbL kLl8t JolQmx?nfO{ of]Uotf cg';f/ /fhgLlts lgo'lQmdf k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ .

@@= /]l8of] g]kfn÷g]kfn 6L=eL=÷uf]/vfkq cflb ;~rf/ dfWodx?af6 ;/sf/n] u/]sf sfdx?sf] k|rf/–k|;f/ Jojl:yt / Jofks x'g' kg]{ .

@#= nfp8f Po/ ;DaGwdf eP u/]sf oyfy{ ljj/0f ;~rf/ dfWodx?af6 cljnDa cfpg' kg]{ .

@$= dtbftf kl/rokq agfp“bf clgoldttf x'g'sf] ;fy} r}q d;fGtleq agfO;Sg' kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . o;df ;'wf/ u/L ;do klg h]7 d;fGt;Dd a9fpg' k5{ .

@%= kf6L{sf] ;DklQ JolQmsf] gfddf /fv]sf] eP cljnDa kf6L{sf gfp“df x:tfGt/0f ug{ s8f lgb]{zg x'g' kg]{ . lgjt{dfg ufp“ ;efklt÷gu/ ;efklt÷If]qLo ;efklt÷lhNnf ;efkltx?n] cfkm" lhDdf /x]sf] sfuhft, /sd OToflb gjlgjf{lrt ;efkltx?nfO{ cljnDa a'emfpg lgb]{]{zg x'g' kg]{ .

@^= kf6L{sf] lg0f{ox?nfO{ cj1f ug]{ s'g} klg txsf JolQmnfO{ cg'zf;gsf] sfo{jfxL x'g' kg]{ .

@&= zflGt cleofg ;~rfng ubf{ lhNnfsf ;f+;b / s]Gb|Lo ko{j]IfsnfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf lhNnfdf k7fpg' kg]{ .

wGojfb / ho g]kfn /

Pdfn]n] cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ s:tf] b]Vof] <

kbdf /x]sf JolQmn] u/]sf] e|i6frf/sf sf/0f kb 5f]8\5g\ eg] kbdf gx'g]n] rflx+ s] ug]{ < zfg]jflgdf nfdf] ;dob]lv e}/x]sf] clgoldttf / e|i6frf/df Pdfn] klg ;+nUg ePsf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . lgudn] rfOgf ;fpy j]i6 Po/;+u Pdfn] ;Qfdf ePsf] a]nfdf u/]sf] ;+emf}tfsf] 5fglag gxf];\ egL clxn];Dd Pdfn]n] u/]sf] k|oTg cflv/ ljkmn eof] . Pdfn] /fk|kfaLr sf+u|]; lj?4 xfn e}/x]sf] ;xsfo{nfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;+of]hs a'l4dfg tfdfªn] l/kf]6{ k|:t't ug{ ;s];Dd l9nfO{ u/]sf lyP . Pdfn] ;Qfdf x'"bf ePsf] ;Demf}tf 5fglag ubf{ cfkm\gf] kf]n v'Ng] / nfp8fnfO{ olt rsf{pg'sf] /x:o e08fkmf]/ x'g] eon] pk;ldltdf sf+u|];sf] Pshgf klg ;b:o /flvPsf] lyPg . tfdfªsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t pk;ldltdf Pdfn]sf /fh]Gb| kf08] / /fhdf]sf kl/ yfkf dfq lyP . t/ Tof] k|ltj]bgn] klg Pdfn]nfO{ lgbf]{if 7x¥ofpg ;s]g . ;ldltn] Pdfn]nfO{ ;lhnf] kfl/lbg z'?b]lvsf] dfldnfnfO{ Pp6} hfnf]df xflnlbP t/ klg /fd|/L 5fglag ug]{ xf] eg] Pdfn] plDsg g;Sg] k|i6 5 < t/ Pdfn]sf g]tfx? clxn] klg pQm clgoldttf / e|i6frf/sf] lhDd]bf/L lng' ;§f nfp8f Po/nfO{ uf}0f kfg{ rfOgf ;fpy Po/l;tsf] ;+emf}tfnfO{ rsf{Oof] egL c/Vo/f]bg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . hflgkmsf/x? eG5g\– OdfGbfl/;fy 5fglag ug]{ xf] eg] lrlgof ljdfg sDkgLl;t Pdfn]sf] kfnfdf ePsf] e|i6frf/ ;fdfGo e|i6frf/ geP/ s]xL lbg cj;/ kfpgf;fy ul/Psf] j|Dxn'6 / clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u 7xg]{ 5 . of] ;+emf}tf jfkt Pdfn]n] clxn] klg lgoldt ?kdf df]6f] /sd kfO/x]sf] rrf{ klxn]b]lv g} pl7/x]sf] ;j{ljlbt 5 .

;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg dfly cfh klg 5nkmn x'g] sfo{qmd 5 . cl3Nnf] a}7sdf k|ltj]bg ck'/f] ePsf] eGb} k|ltkIfL ;f+;bx?n] g} w]/} kIf / JolQm;+u yk a'em\g' kg]{ s'/f p7fPsf lyP . cfh yk a'em\g' kg]{ JolQm / ;+:yf ls6fg ul/g] / yk 5fglag yflng] ;+efjgf 5 . yk a'em\g vf]lhPsf] Pp6f ljifodf pQm Po/nfOG;n] cfkm\gf] ljdfgsf] ef8f b/ k|lt306f @* ;o dfq /x]sf] egL hgfPsf] kqnfO{ Tof] ljdfg sDkgLn] s'g} rf;f] gb]vfO{ Tof] gSsnL xf] eGg] 7x/ u/]/ gSsnL xf] egL lbg cfu|x ul/g' klg /x]sf] 5 . k|ltj]bgdf Pdfn]åf/f lgo'Qm sfo{sf/L cWoIfn] ;~rfns ;ldltn] pgnfO{ lbPsf] Dof08]6 @*%) b]lv @( ;o 8n/leq ;+emf}tf ug'{, Toltdf geP j}slNks k|:tfj ;~rfns ;ldltdf NofP/ cg'df]bg u/fPkl5 dfq sfd ug{ egL lbPsf] Dof08]6 kfngf gePsf] ljifo klg yk 5fglagdf kg]{ ;ldltsf ;b:ox? atfp“5g\ . o; oyfy{n] Pdfn]n] rfOgf ;fpy Po/;+usf] ;+emf}tfdf cfkm"n] u/]sf] clgoldttf / e|i6frf/nfO{ uf}0f agfpg ænfp8fÆsf] d'2f rsf{Psf] xf] eGg] z+sfn] k'i6L kfPsf] 5 .

s'g ljdfgsf] ef8f slt <

slt l;6 ePsf s'g ljdfg s'g d"Nodf ef8fdf lnOP5 < lgDg k|sf/sf] tflnsf x]/f}+ .

hxfhsf] lsl;d l;6 Ifdtf hxfh lbg] sDkgL ef8f cjlw Go"gtd\ dfl;s p8fg

306f e'QmfgL b/

P#!)–#)) !* h], @)# jfO{ _@@! kf]nf/; xf]lN8¨, o'=P;=P= !* d] !(($ b]lv !& d] !((^ cd]l/sL 8n/ @*)) k|lt p8fg 3=

jL&@&–@)) !&@ jfO{ sG;6]n";g OG6/g]zgn $ km]a|'c/Lb]lv !$ km]a|'c/L !((^ @()).– k|lt Ans 306f

Po/nfOG; a|';]N;

jL&@&–@)) !&& jfO{ Pleof]h]gS; o'uf]:nfleof ! b]lv #) h'g !((^ @^)).– k|lt Ans 306f

jL=&@&–@)) !* ;L !$^ jfO{–!^$ o'uf]:nfe Po/nfOg o'uf]:nfleof ( cS6f]a/ b]lv * l8;]Da/ !((^ @@%).– k|lt p8fg 306f

jL&%&–@)) !^ h] !&# jfO{–!*( t's{d]lg:tfg Po/nfOG; @! h'gb]lv @) l8;]Da/ !((& @*%).– k|lt p8fg 306f

jL&@&–@)) !&( jfO{ Pldof]h]g]S;, o'uf]:nfleof @$ l8;]Da/ !((& b]lv @# d] !((* @)@$ k|lt p8fg 306f

jL&@&–@)) !@) jfO{ Pleof]h]g]S;, o'uf]:nfleof !@ h'gb]lv !! cS6f]a/ !((* !$%).– k|lt Ans 306f

jL&%&–@)) !@ h], @@) jfO{ _@#@ r]h Po/ OGs, o"=P;=P= @! cS6f]a/ !((* b]lv @) cS6f]a/ !((( @*%).– k|lt p8fg 306f

jL&%&–@)) #@ h], !%# jfO{–@%* 6jL&%&–@)) h] *, % jfO !(@–@)) rfOgf ;fpy Po/nfOG; $ dfr{ !((( b]lv ! jif{ #!)) k|lt p8fg 306f

lul/hfafa' g} d]/f] d'Vo g]tf xf]

hok|sfz cfgGb

k|= ;+;bsf] pGgfO;f}+ clwj]zg cj?4 ePsf] 8]9 dlxgf eGbf a9L e};Sof], jf:tjdf ;+;b s;sf] sf/0fn] rNg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g <

– clxn] ;+;b grNg' cyf{t\ jt{dfg ;+;bLo ult/f]wsf] Psdfq sf/0f g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tjdf tof/ ePsf] u7aGwgn] pTkGg u/]sf] hl6n kl/l:ylt xf] . pgLx?n] o;f] ug'{sf] k5fl8 pgLx?n] elg/x]sf] eGbf cGo cGt{lgxLt s'/fx? 5g\ .

k|= tL cGt{lgxLt s'/fx? s] xf]nfg\ <

– pgLx? rfxG5g\, jt{dfg ;/sf/n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] cWofb]z kfl/t gxf];\ . t/ of] s'/f pgLx? k|i6 zAbdf eGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;sf/0f pgLx? k|wfgdGqLdfly e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]ksf] d'2f t]:of{O/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] b'O{ lbg otf ;+;bleq h'g kl/l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5, To;n] pgLx?sf] jf:tljs lgotnfO{ :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf] Ph]08faf6 ax'rlr{t nfp8f k|s/0f v:s]/ cGoq k'u]sf] 5 . /, pgLx?sf] jf:tljs Wo]o cWofb]z kfl/t gu/fpg' g} xf] eGg] s'/f k|i6;+u d'vl/t ePsf] 5 .

k|= cWofb]z kfl/t x'"bf g]skf Pdfn] nufotsf k|ltkIfLx?nfO{ s] 3f6f x'G5 <

– o;sf b'O{j6f kIfx? 5g\ . cWofb]zleq hxf“;Dd ;z:q k|x/L an u7gsf] s'/f] 5, of] Ps k|sf/sf] …kfj/ sDk|dfOh]hÚ xf] . jf:tjdf /fHosf s]xL d"ne"t zlQmx? hgtfsf] xftdf cfpg'k5{ /, hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] xftdf Pp6f cxd\ dxTjsf] zlQm /xg' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf 5 . of] dfGotfnfO{ clxn]sf] cj:yfdf g]skf Pdfn]n] hgtfsf] xftdf /xf];\ eg]/ rfx]sf] 5}g . Pp6f sf/0f of] xf] . csf]{ sf/0f s] xf] eg], ef]lnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ dWogh/ /fv]/ Pp6f u7jGwg x'"b}5 . jfd kf6L{x?sf] ;+o'Qm u7jGwg . of] u7jGwgsf] k|d'v zt{ g} s] ag]sf] 5 eg], ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ Pdfn]h:tf] zlQmn] ;z:q k|x/L an tyf If]qLo k|zf;g;+u ;DalGwt cWofb]znfO{ kfl/t x'g gb]cf];\ . ;+o'Qm jfd u7jGwgsf nflu tL b'j} cWofb]z kfl/t gu/fpg] lbzfdf Pdfn] k|oTg/t 5 .

k|= b/af/ klg cWofb]zsf] ljkIfdf 5 elgG5 lg <

– b/af/ of] cWofb]zsf] ljkIfdf ePsf] eP, :jod\ >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 cWofb]z hf/L x'g] lyPg . t;y{ of] cWofb]zsf] ljkIfdf b/af/ 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g .

k|= cWofb]z kfl/t x'g] s'/fdf tkfO{+ ljZj:t x'g'x'G5 <

– d]/f] ljZjf; / cljZjf;eGbf klg d}n] p7fpg vf]h]sf] s'/f s] xf] eg] oxf“ Pp6f åGå 5 . Tof] åGåsf] Pp6f kIf cWofb]z kfl/t x'g' kb{5, /fhsLo zlQmsf cfwf/x? hgtfsf] kIfdf cfpg'k5{ / hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?sf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df tL zlQmx? kl/rflnt x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . csf]{ kIf o;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt dfGotf /fV5 . of] åGådf x7n] ljho k|fKt ug]{ xf], jf hgtfsf] :jefljs cfsf+Iffn] o;sf] af/]df cem} b'O{, rf/ lbg klv{g' knf{ <

k|= cWofb]z o;} clwj]zgdf kf; xf]nf <

– ;bg $# lbg rNg g;Sg', ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] c;kmntf dflgb}g . ;+;bLo cEof;sf bf}/fgdf sof}+ dlxgf;Dd ;+;b cj?4 x'g] ub{5g\ . d"n s'/f s] xf] eg], h'g sf/0fn] ;/sf/ ;bg ;~rfng ug{ rflx/x]sf] 5, tL sf/0fx? ;xL kl/0ffdsf;fy k"/f x'g'k5{ . /, ;+;b cem} s]xL lbg nDAofP/ eP klg clxn]sf] d"ne"t Ph]08f cWofb]z kfl/t x'g'k5{ . ;+;b Ps dlxgf nDAofpg' k/] klg nDAofp“bf ;+j}wflgs ?kdf s'g} cfklQ 5}g .

k|= k|ltkIfLx? ljgf ;+;b rnfpg' x'G5 ls x'"b}g <

– o; ljifodf b'lgof“sf ljleGg k|hftflGqs d'n'sdf leGgf leGg} cEof;x? 5g\, k/Dk/fx? 5g\ . xfdLsxf“ ljut bz jif{b]lv k|ltkIfljxLg ;+;b grn]sf] k/Dk/f 5  . t/ clxn] h] h:tf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg x'"b}5 dnfO{ nfU5, o; k/Dk/fsf af/]df klg ca Pp6f 6'+uf] x'g' cfjZos 5 .

k|= s:tf] 6'+uf] x'g'knf{ <

– k|ltkIfljxLg ;+;b grnfpg] k/Dk/fnfO{ pNn+3g u/]/ ;+;b rnfOg' k5{ eGg] d]/f] egfO{ xf]Og . t/ of] k/Dk/fnfO{ ;efd'vn] tf]8\g] cj:yf cfpg' x'"b}g eGg] s'/fdf ljkIf ;r]t x'g'k5{ .

k|= ljkIf o; lbzfdf ;r]t ePg eg] ;efd'vn] s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{knf{ <

– ;efd'vn] ;+;b rnfpg oy]i6 k|of;x? ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . h;sf] cToGt ;f/ule{t ;+s]t lxhf]sf] ;bgdf ;efd'vn] lbO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . /, ;efd'vsf] pQm egfO{af6 cfh Pp6f /fli6

k|= t/ k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf glbP;Dd s'g} xfntdf ;bg rNg lbGgf}+ elg/x]sf 5g\ lg <

– d}n] klxn] g} elg;s]+ ls ljkIfLn] cfkm\gf] of] xltof/ kl/Tofu ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ljkIfLx? cl:tb]lv cfkm\gf] d"n d'2fdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . nfp8f k|s/0fdf k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg'k5{ eGg] ljkIfLsf] em'7f] / lgi7f gePsf] c8fg w/fzfoL eO;s]sf] 5 . cWofb]zsf] lj/f]wdf ;bg :ylut ug]{ jftfj/0f agfP/ ljkIfLx?n] cfkm\gf] lgot emNsfO;s]sf 5g\ .

k|= nfp8f k|s/0fdf lul/hfafa'n] /fhLgfdf lbg' kb}{g eg]/ sf+u|]]; Ps ePsf] xf] <

– sf+u|]; Ps 5 . sf+u|];leq b]lvPsf] s'g} klg ;d"xn] clxn]sf] l:yltdf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ c;xof]u u/]sf] h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . d'n'ssf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg' x'"b}g eGg] s'/fdf kf6L{ Ps 5 .

k|= k|wfgdGqL;+u clxn] tkfO{+sf] ;DaGw s:tf] 5 <

– lxhf] pxf“;+u k|wfgdGqL / dGqLsf] ?kdf ;DaGw lyof], clxn] pxf“ d]/f] g]tf / d pxf“sf] sfo{stf{sf] ?kdf cem k|uf9 ePsf] 5 . d cem}+ klg k|wfgdGqLsf] lg/Gt/ ;Dks{df 5', pxf“sf] dfof dk|lt oyfjt dfq xf]Og, cem a9]sf] 5 .

k|= t/ tkfO{+ z]/axfb'/ b]pjf æSofDklt/Æ hf“b} x'g''x'G5 eGg] klg ;'lgof], jf:tljstf s] xf] <

– of] s'/fk|lt zfob :jod\ z]/axfb'/ b]pjfhLnfO{ klg Tolt ;fx|f] kTof/ 5}g xf]nf . To;}n] d b]pjf ;d"xdf up“ jf hf“b}5' eGg] s'/f unt xf] . lul/hfafa' g} d]/f] v'Vo g]tf xf] .

k|= tkfO{+ lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfs} ;fydf x'g'x'G5 <

– d ;a}eGbf klxnf] s'/f g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;fydf 5' . /, clxn] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf d]/f] ljlwjt g]tf klg xf], JolQmut g]tf klg xf] . pxf“ k|wfgdGqL x'g'x'G5 / pxf“ k|wfgdGqL /lx/xg' k5{ eGg] DofG8]6 klg 5 .

k|= d'n'sdf xfn pTkGg ;d:ofnfO{ sf+u|];n] s;/L ækm];Æ unf{ t <

– $# lbg ;+;b cj?4 x'"bf lglZrt ?kn] d'n'ssf ;fd' s]xL hl6n ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf 5g\ . o;sf] lgbfg j:t'tM h'g zlQm / kIfx? cfkm"nfO{ k|hftGqsf lxdfotL 7fG5g\ pgLx?n] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfsf] k'glj{rf/ u/]/ lg:sg ;S5 . dnfO{ nfU5, k'glj{{rf/sf] qmd ca z'? ePsf] 5 .

k|= dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ ca jftf{af6 ;dfwfg ug]{ of cWofb]z dfkm{t\ bdg u/]/ cl3 a9\g] <

– ;z:q k|x/L an ;DaGwL cWofb]z bdgsf nflu cfPsf] xf]Og . cWofb]zsf ljljw kIfx? 5g\ . cWofb]znfO{ dfcf]jfbL ;d:of;+u hf]8]/ dfq x]g'{ h?/L 5}g .

k|= t/ dfcf]jfbL ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg xf]nf <

– dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ ljifodf kf6L{ / ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f ;fj{hlgs e};s]sf] 5 . o;df d]/f] cfkm\gf] s'g} leGg} dt / b[li6sf]0f 5}g .

k|= nfp8f ljdfg ef8f k|s/0fdf jf:tjdf e|i6frf/ ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <

– o; af/]df 5fglag ug]{ lgsfon] lg0f{o lbg]5g\ . h:tf] lg0f{o cfP klg To;nfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ s'/f k|wfgdGqLn] atfO;Sg' ePsf] 5 .

k|= k|ltkIfLsf] cf/f]kdf s'g} ;Totf 5}g <

– k|ltkIfLsf] sfd g} cf/f]k nufpg] xf] . t/ o;df k|wfgdGqLsf] s'g} ;+nUgtf 5}g .

– Clif wdnf

otf klg gSsnL, ptf klg gSsnL †

xfd|f] k|zf;goGq lsg cIfd / ultxLg ePsf] 5 eGg] kf]n v'n]sf] 5 . gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx?n] klg k|zf;gsf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg k'u]sf] sxfnLnfUbf] l:ylt clxn] ;j{q b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . cToGt dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j]bgzLn dGqfnosf] pRr txdf /x]sf JolQmx? g} gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/L /x]sf]n] 5fglagdf ;d]t cj/f]w pTkGg x'g k'u]sf] atfOG5 . 5fglagdf ;+nUg JolQmx? klg k|zf;goGqsf] gSsnL k|df0fkqjfnfx?sf] sxflnnfUbf] l:ylt b]v]/ lhj|f] 6f]Sg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;f“Rr} g} gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx? dfly sf/jfxL x'g] xf] eg] k|zf;g oGqdf 7"nf] e'O{+rfnf] hfg ;S5 .

gSsnL k|df0fkq lj?4 clxn] sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . t/ s;}nfO{ sf/jfxL ePsf] s'/f eg] clxn];Dd hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5}g . nf]s;]jf cfof]usf tTsfnLg ;lrj bfgaxfb'/ zfxLn] b'O{ dlxgf cl3 lghfdtL sd{rf/L tkm{ dfq} #% xhf/ gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx? /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

xfn clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, ljz]if k|x/L ljefu, lzIff dGqfno / ;+;bsf] /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltn] ;d]t gSsnL k|df0fkqsf af/]df 5fglag sfo{ cufl8 a9fPsf 5g\ . k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/, clVtof/df s/Lj b'O{ ;o, ljz]if k|x/Ldf s/Lj b'O{ ;o krf; / /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltdf tL;–rfnL; j6f gSsnL k|df0fkq ;DaGwL ph'/L k/]sf 5g\ . lzIff dGqfnon] ut kmfu'g dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;ftfdf z}lIfs If]qdf /x]sf gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx? lj?4 lhNnf lzIff sfof{no / If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t\ ph'/L ug{ ;j{;fwf/0fdf ckLn ul/;s]sf] 5 . lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs r'dfgl;+x a:g]tsf cg';f/, xfn clwsf+z lh=lz=sf=df y'k|} ph'/Lx? k/]sf 5g\ t/ slt ph'/L k/] eGg] tYof+s cem} ;+sng ul/Psf] 5}g\ .

ljz]if k|x/L / clVtof/n] cfkm\g} 9+un] 5fglag ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;+;bsf] /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltn] gSsnL k|df0fkqsf ;DaGwdf cWoog ug{ ;f+;b uf]kfndfg >]i7sf] ;+of]hsTjdf pk;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . pk;ldlt u7g ePsf] Ps dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ^ j6f a}7s a;L >L % sf] ;/sf/sf d'Vo;lrj / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, nf]s;]jf cfof]u, ljz]if k|x/L / clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf ;lrjx? tyf lq=lj=sf pks'nklt;+u hfgsf/L lng] sfd k"/f u/]sf] 5 . ut a'wjf/ dfq} pRr lzIff kl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf, d]l8sn sfplG;nsf /lhi6;ldltdf y'k|} a]gfdL ph'/Lx? k/]sf 5g\ . b"/;~rf/, ljB't, vfg]kfgL, a}+lsª sfof{no, ;+3 ;:yf, lghfdtL sd{rf/L, s[lif ;fdfu|L ;+:yfg nufot y'k|} ;+:yfgdf /x]sf gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/L JolQmx? lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] 5 . ;"q cg';f/, u[xdGqfnosf tTsfnLg pk;lrj yfg]Zj/ sf]O/fnfn] ;x–;lrjdf a9'jf vfgsf nflu gSsnL k|df0fkq k|:t't u/]sf] eGg] ph'/L pk;ldltdf k/]sf] 5 . hgs lzIff ;fdfu|L s]Gb|sf clws[t kbd kf]v/]nn] pk;ldltdf cfkm" lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 tTsfn /fhLgfdf u/] . /fhLgfdf u/]sf] bf];|f] lbgdf pgsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t eof] / ^ nfv ?k}of“ pkbfg lnP/ kf]v/]nn] hflu/ 5f]l8;s] .

To;}u/L, uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgn] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfgdf /x]sf gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx?sf] ljifodf 5fglag ug{ agfPsf] cfof]un] /fd|f];+u sfd ug{ ;s]g eg]/ klg ;ldltdf lgj]bg k/]sf] 5 . uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgsf sf=d'=dxfk|aGws a]g'k|;fb k|;fO{+sf cg';f/ ;+:yfgn] * hgfnfO{ lgnDag u/]sf] 5 . @ hgf sf/jfxLsf] r/0fdf 5g\ . @ hgfn] ;kmfO{ kfPsf 5g\ / @$ hgfsf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg e}/x]sf] 5 . Toxf“ &$ hgf lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] lyof] .

ljz]if k|x/Lsf] ;"qn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf / k|x/Ldf gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx?sf] 7"nf] hdft /x]sf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] pk;lrjeGbf dfly a9'jf vfgsf nflu clwsf+z sd{rf/Lx?n] gSsnL k|df0fkq k]z ug]{ u/]sf] / tNnf] txdf hflu/ vfg] a]nf klg clwsf+z JolQmx?n] gSsnL k|df0fkq k]z ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

u}/–g]kfnLnfO{ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq lbg] sd{rf/Lx? dfly s8f sf/jfxL ug]{ sfg"g gePsfn] u}/–g]kfnLx?n] ;lhn} g]kfnL gful/stf kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . u[x dGqfnosf] pRr ;"q cg';f/, xfn;Dd u}/–g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stf lbg] s'g} klg sd{rf/L dfly sf/jfxL ePsf] 5}g . s]xL j8fcWoIf, uflj; cWoIf / pkfWoIf afx]s gful/stf agfpgsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ clwsf+z JolQmnfO{ sf/jfxL ePsf] kfOb}g . dGqfno ;"q eG5– ;o j6f gful/stf /2 eP eg] Pp6fdf dfq d'2f rN5 . ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd s/La b'O{ xhf/ gful/stf ab/ u/]sf] 5 . t/ gful/stfsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ slt JolQmdfly d'2f rnfOof] / sltnfO{ sf/jfxL ul/of] eGg] s'g} /]s8{ u[x dGqfnodf 5}g .

u[x dGqfnon] xfn} (^ hgfsf] gful/stf /2 u/L sf/jfxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf kl/kq k7fPsf] 5 . /2 ul/Psf gful/stfdWo] ;aeGbf a9L k;f{ lhNnfaf6 ljt/0f ul/Psf 5g\ . k;f{ lhNnfaf6 ljtl/t $$ j6f gful/stf /2 ePsf 5g\ . k;f{ lhNnfsf] k;f}gL df7f uflj;sf] 7]ufgf /x]sf dfq} #* j6f gful/stf /2 ePsf 5g\ . sf/jfxLdf k/]sf clwsf+z JolQmx?n] j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf lnPsf 5g\ . /2 ul/Psf (^ gful/stfdWo] (! hgfn] j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf kfPsf lyP .

e"6fgL / ltAatLogx?n] klg g]kfnL gful/stf kfPsf 5g\ . ;"q cg';f/, sf7df8f}+ nufot d'n'ssf ljleGg efux?df /x]sf ltAatLog z/0ffyL{x?dWo] y'k|}n] g]kfnL gful/stf kfO;s]sf 5g\ . t/ clxn];Dd Pshgf ltAatLogsf] klg gful/stf /2 ul/Psf] 5}g / ltAatLogx?n] gful/stf lnPsf] ljifodf u[x dGqfnodf Pp6f klg d'2f k/]sf] 5}g . t/ rf/hgf e"6fgLx?n] lnPsf] g]kfnL gful/stf /2 ePsf] 5 . sf/jfxLdf kg]{ e"6fgLx?n] wgs'6f lhNnfaf6 gful/stf lnPsf lyP .

g]kfn gful/stf P]g @)@) df u}/–g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stf lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ Joj:yf 5}g . t/ gful/stfsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ JolQmnfO{ % jif{ s}b, !) xhf/ hl/jfgf jf b'j} x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ut jif{ ;+;bn] kfl/t u/L xfn ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] gful/stf P]gdf u}/ gful/snfO{ gful/stf lbg] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug]{ tyf $ b]lv ^ jif{;Dd s}b, % b]lv !) xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/jfgf jf b'j} x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

pQm P]g nfu" ePdf u}/–g]kfnLx?n] gful/stf kfpg lgSs} sl7g x'g]5 . u}/ g]kfnLn] gful/stf lnPsf] k|dfl0ft e} gful/stf /2 ePdf p;sf] >L;DklQ hkmt x'g] sfg"gL Joj:yf 5 . To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ % jif{ s}b / !) xhf/ hl/jfgf jf b'j} x'g ;Sg] k|fjwfg 5 . t/ xfn;Dd slt JolQm dfly To:tf] sf/jfxL eof] eGg] /]s8{ u[x dGqfnodf 5}g . sf/jfxL k/]sf JolQmx? af]8{/ qm; u/]/ efUg] u/]sf] atfOG5 . gful/stf lngsf nflu !) xhf/ b]lv @ nfv ?k}of“;Dd vr{ ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

>Ldfg\ klg gSsnL

rlr{t uflosf ;'lSdt u'?ªsf] gful/stf klg /2 ePsf] 5 . pgn] @)#^ ;fn r}q ! ut] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}+af6 gful/stf kfPsL lyOg\ . u'?ªsf] gful/stf gDa/ ;d]t pNn]v gePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . pgn] lzlz/ clwsf/L gfds JolQmnfO{ gSsnL klt agfP/ g]kfnL gful/stf lnPsf] / kl5 csf]{;+u ljjfx u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

gSsnL lrlsT;s

x'"bf x'"bf ca lrlsT;fh:tf] ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf klg gSsnL k|df0fkqwf/Lx? /x]sf] s'/f ;DalGwt lgsfosf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Lx? g} :jLsf/ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;nn] gSsnL lrlsT;sx?sf] klxrfg u/L pgLx?sf] gfd ;fj{hlgs ug]{ tof/L ul//x]sf] s'/f sfplG;nsf /lhi6:d/0fLo 5, ut jif{ ;"o{j+zL /f7f}/ zf:qL gfds gSsnL 8fS6/n] a'9L cf}nf 7Ls ug{ s/+usf] 5]psf] df;' sf6]/ hf]8\g vf]Hbf Pshgfsf] d[To' ;d]t ePsf] lyof] .

gSsnL /fxbfgL

eQmk'/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf gfoj ;'Aaf 6+sk|;fb 9sfnnfO{ gSsnL /fxbfgL agfPsf] cleof]udf ut d+unjf/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] %) xhf/ ?k}of“ w/f}6L /fvL tf/]vdf 5f]8]sf] 5 . /fxbfgL kmf“6df /x"bf &* j6f /fxbfgL ufoj kf/L clVtof/ b'?kof]u u/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] d+unjf/ e§/fO{ lj?4 d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] lyof] .

?k}of“ klg gSsnL

clxn] g]kfnu~h kf]v/f, bfª•, ;'v]{t, s}nfnL nufotsf 7fp“x?df gSsnL ?k}of“sf] ljuljuL 5 . xfn} g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 / /fli6snL gf]6eGbf s]xL afSnf] / rlDsnf] ePsf] s'/f /fi6

@$ ut] g]kfn aGb
dfcf]jfbL / dfn]aLr åGå

r}q @$ ut] g]kfn aGb ug]{ ljifonfO{ lnP/ kf“r jif{b]lv lx+;fTds ultljlwdf ;+nUg dfcf]jfbL / dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ cfPsf] dfn]aLr rsf]{ åGå l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . ut ;f]djf/ g]skf -dfn]_sf] eft[ ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo"n] r}q @$ ut] cfd x8\tfn ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] dfn]sf pRr:t/Lo g]tf;+u jftf{ u/L pQm sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng nufpg bjfj lbPsf lyP . t/ dfn] g]tfx?n] to eO;s]sf] sfo{qmd dfcf]jfbLsf] lglDt lkmtf{ lnO{ lbg g;lsg] hjfkm lbP/ dfcf]jfbL g]tfx? kmsf{Psf lyP . dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?n] dfn] g]tfaf6 cfkm\gf] cg's"n hjfkm gkfPkl5 sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo"nfO{ @$ ut]sf] sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng bjfj lbPsf lyP . t/ To;nfO{ dfn] ljBfyL{ g]tfx?n] 7f8} c:jLsf/ ul/lbP .

dfn]n] dfcf]jfbLsf] To; bjfjnfO{ p;sf] x]kfxf k|j[lQsf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . dfn] ljBfyL{ ;"qn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ @$ ut]sf] cfd x8\tfn lkmtf{ lnO{ lbg k|:tfj lnP/ cfpg]nfO{ pQm lbgsf] cfd x8\tfnnfO{ tkfO{+x? ;dy{g ul/lbgf];\, clg @% / @^ ut] tkfO{+x? aGbsf] sfo{qmd /fVg'xf];\, To;nfO{ xfdL ;dy{g ul/lbG5f}+ eg]kl5 gfhjfkm eP/ kms]{sf lyP . dfn]nfO{ sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng nufpg g;s]kl5 ut a'wjf/ dfcf]jfbLn] klg r}q @$ ut] g} g]kfn aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] .

dfn]n] 3f]if0ff u/]s} lbg dfcf]jfbLn] klg aGbsf] cfx\jfg ug'{nfO{ dfn]n] u+eL/ ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . Pp6} lbgdf b'a} ;d"xn] cfkm}+n] sfo{qmd ug{ kfpg' kg]{ dfu /flvg'nfO{ /fhgLlts If]qdf cgf}7f] 36gfsf] ?kdf lng yflnPsf] 5 . dfn]n] aGbsf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lbgnfO{ g} ;8s cfGbf]ngdf ljZjf; g/fVg] dfcf]jfbLn] klg aGb ug{ rfxg'n] To; ;d"xsf] x7nfO{ k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] aGbsf] sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ r}q !) b]lv @) ut];Dd k|rf/fTds lqmofsnfk, r}q @! b]lv @# ut];Dd hgkl/rfng / hgsf/jfxLx? / r}q @$ ut] g]kfn aGb ug]{ s'/f cWoIf k|r08åf/f hf/L jQmJodf hgfOPsf] 5 .

ptf b'O{ lbg cl3 g} dfn] ;Da4 ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] cfd x8\tfn ;kmn kfg{ r}q * b]lv !% ut];Dd k|rf/ k|;f/, bjfjd"ns sfo{qmd, :yfgLo ;+3if{, r}q !^ ut] pkTosf aflx/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?df / /fhwfgLdf k|wfgdGqL lgjf; jfn'jf6f/df z+v km'Sg] / l;7L ahfpg], r}q !& ut] ljleGg ljBfyL{ ;+u7g, kqsf/, a'l4hLjLnfO{ ;dfj]z u/]/ a[xb cGt/lqmof r}q !* b]lv @! ;Dd b]zJofkL dzfn h'n'z, r}q @@ / @# ut] b]zJofkL rSsfhfd / @$ ut] cfd x8\tfn ug]{ ePsf] 5 . cg]/f:jljo" sfof{non] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/, :yfgLo ;+3if{ eg]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yf cufl8af6 u'8\g] uf8L kmf]8\g] sfo{qmd xf] .

cfd x8\tfnsf] qmddf dfn] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] oftfoft, lzIf0f ;+:yf, ahf/ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fosf] cltl/Qm ;+3–;+:yf, ;/sf/L sfof{no / s'6gLlts lgof]usf sfof{nox? klg aGb u/fpg] / To;sf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfo;+u kqfrf/ e}/x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

lxhf] cg]/f:jljo" s]Gb|Lo ;+3if{ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf lq–rGb| SofDk;df sfo{stf{ e]nf ;DkGg eof] . 7fs'/ u}/]sf] ;efkltTj Pjd\ ;'>L /fhs'df/ emfqmLsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltlysf] ?kdf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf /ljGb| clwsf/Ln] cfGbf]ngdf dzfn h'n'z, rSsfhfd / cfdx8\tfnh:tf sfo{qmd ;kmn agfpg cfGbf]ngsf] clu|d df]rf{df pleg ;Dk"0f{ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cfx\jfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+3if{ ;ldltsf ;+of]hs s[i0f s]=;L=n] ;+3if{ ;kmn agfpg ;+u7gn] agfPsf] of]hgf sfo{stf{x? dfem /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

ljB't k|flws/0fsf] e|i6frf/M lsg sf/jfxL x'Gg <

sdhf]/ Joj:yfkgsf sf/0f sldzg Ph]G6 / dflkmofsf] hfnf]leq k/]sf] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f olta]nf e|i6frf/sf] Pp6f gd'gf ;+:yfsf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . b]zdf slt;Dd e|i6frf/ x'g ;S5 / x'"bf]/x]5 eGg] pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5 of] k|flws/0f .

k|flws/0fnfO{ j}b]lzs ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg] bft[/fi6+efjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 .

k|flws/0fdf ;aeGbf 7"nf] e|i6frf/ k|f]h]S6 lgdf{0fsf nflu 6]08/ xfNbf, ld6/ v/Lb ubf{, uf8L v/Lb ubf{ / dxTjk"0f{ d]lzg/L ;fdfgx? v/Lb ubf{ x'G5 . To:tf] a]nfdf Joj:yfkgn] sldzg Ph]G6x?;+u ldn]/ pgLx?nfO{ cg's"n x'g] u/L 6]08/ zt{ agfp“5 . g]kfndf $–% j6f To:tf hndflkmof sDkgLx? ;lqmo 5g\ . tL dflkmof sDkgLx?n] k|flws/0fsf] jl/kl/ s;}nfO{ kg}{ lb+b}gg\ . To:tf $–% j6f sDkgLx? ;a}sf] g]kfndf sldzg Ph]G6 klg Pp6} 5g\ . ljZj:t ;"qsf cg';f/, 6]08/sf] af/]df lg0f{o ubf{ xflsdx?n] 6]08/sf] ljQLo kIfnfO{ klg x]b}{gg\ . k|fljlws kIfsf] 6]08/ vf]Nbf ;DalGwt s'g} klg k|ltlglwnfO{ cufl8 g/fvL vf]lnG5 . k|flws/0fsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs dNnn] 6]08/ g+= @)%^–)%& cg';f/ cfx\jfg ul/Psf] ld6/ v/LbÚ 6]08/df o:t} u/]/ tLg s/f]8 em\jfd kf/]sf lyP .

;/sf/n] k|flws/0fdf c/jf}+sf] nufgL u/]sf] 5 t/ To;af6 k|ltkmn rflx+ kfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . k|flws/0fn] Toqf] s/f]8f}+ c/jf}+sf e|i6frf/ x'G5 t/ p;n] P]g cg';f/ ltg'{ kg]{ /f]oN6L klg ;/sf/nfO{ lt/]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/ / k|flws/0faLr n]gb]gsf] lx;fa ubf{ @)%) ;fnb]lv @)%& ;fn;Dd ;/sf/nfO{ k|flws/0fn] *% s/f]8 *! nfv /f]oN6L a'emfpg af“sL 5 . ;/sf/n] ltg'{ kg]{ ljB't dx;'n / cGo bfloTj e'QmfgL s§L ubf{ k|flws/0fn] ;/sf/nfO{ *# s/f]8 *& nfv ?k}of“ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu 6]08/, ld6/, uf8L, d]lzg/L ;fdfg / cGo kf6k'hf{ v/Lb dfq 7"nf] kl/0ffddf e|i6frf/ x}g k|flws/0fdf ePsf ;DklQ b'?kof]usf y'k|} pbfx/0f klg 5g\ . k|flws/0fnfO{ cfkm";+u hDdf slt uf8L 5 Tof] yfxf 5}g . c;DalGwt JolQmx?n] cgflws[t ?kdf k|flws/0fsf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . jf=c=`= !#&! gDa/sf] hLk k|wfgdGqLsf] lghL ;lrjfnodf k|of]u ePsf] elgPtf klg, ;lrjfnodf Tof] uf8L s;n] k|of]u u/]sf] 5 / s'g cj:yfdf 5 Tof] s'/f kQf] 5}g . n'=c=r=&# g+= sf] k|f8f] hLk e"tk"j{ k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{åf/f k|of]u e}/x]sf] 5 . jf=c=`= !#&( sf] k|f8f] hLk k"j{ hn;|f]t dGqL ;'>L z}nhf cfrfo{, jf=c=`= ($* g+=sf] kh]/f] ;f+;b x[bo]z lqkf7L, jf=c=`= !@$% g+=sf] lks ck ;f+;b ch'{gk|;fb hf]zL, jf=c=`= $%&# sf] /ftf] Kn]6 hLk ;f+;b /fdaxfb'/ u'?ª, jf=! `= *%# g=sf hLk ;f+;b pdfsfGt rf}w/L, u=! `= @$ g+= hLk ;f+;b lzj/fh hf]zL -b}n]v_, jf=! `= (@$ g+= hLk ;f+;b gf/fo0f zdf{ kf}8]n, jf=! `= !@&! g+=sf hLk ;f+;b uf]kfndfg >]i7n] rl9/xg' ePsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm k|flws/0fsf y'k|} uf8Lx? s'g cj:yfdf s;/L /x]sf 5g\ k|flws/0f;+u /]s8{ 5}g . df]6/;fOsnx? sxf“, stf sf] sf];+u 5g\ s]xL yfxf 5}g .

k|flws/0fdf ePsf] e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfnfO{ s]xL k|ltzt dfq} /f]Sg] xf] eg] klg g]kfndf ljB't dx;'n a9fpg' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . t/ sdhf]/ / lkmtnf] Joj:yfkg, e|i6 sd{rf/L / n'6]/f dGqLsf] ef/ g]kfnL hgtfn] ef]Ug' kl//x]sf] 5 . rf]/L / r'xfj6nfO{ 5f8]/ u|fxsaf6 c;'n ug'{kg]{ /sd (& k|ltzt c;'n x'G5 . t/ klg v'?v'? /sd ltg]{ lg/Lx hgtfnfO{ lsg e|i6frf/Lx?n] lyRbf ;/sf/ k|flws/0f k§L gh/ nufp“b}g < ljB't dx;'n a9fp“5, / P8LjL, ljZj a}+sh:tf ;+:yfn] bjfj lbPsf]n] a9fPsf] elgG5 . t/ bft[ /fi6

;+;b cj?4 ug]{ sfo{n] d'n'ssf d"Vo ;d:of cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\\

;fxgf k|wfg

xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ef]lnb]lv z'? x'g] /fli6rf] ldnfpg d} Jo:t lyof] . c? k|ltkIfn] klg To;tkm{ Wofg} lbPsf lyPgg\ .

olt nfdf] ;do;Dd nuftf/ ;+;b cj?4 x'"bf d'n'ssf ;fd' /x]sf d'Vo r'gf}tLx? cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\ . b]zn] 7"nf] 3f6f ;xg' k/]sf] 5 . hgtfn] si6do hLjg ofkg ug'{ kl//x]sf] tkm{ s;}sf] Wofg uPsf] 5}g . dfz{n nuftf/ ;+;b rnfp“b}df klg b]zsf ;d:of xn x'"b}gg\ . k|=d=n] /fhLgfdf lb+b}df k|hftGq cfPkl5 of] P3f/ jif{sf] cjlwdf b]vf k/]sf ljs[lt, lj;+ult / e|i6frf/af6 b]zn] d'lQm kfp“b}g . k|=d=n] /fhLgfdf lb+b}df d'n'sdf v'lzofnL x'G5, hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff k"/f x'G5 eGg] xf]Og . ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts If]qdf clxn] 7"nf] kl/jt{gsf] vf“rf] 5 .

ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf b]lvPsf sdL, sdhf]/ x6fP/ Jofks kl/jt{g gu/];Dd hgtfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs :t/df s'g} kl/jt{g ;+ej 5}g . k|=d=n] /fhLgfdf ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fdf xfdL klg ;xdt 5f}+ t/ h'g lsl;dn] clxn] x7jfbLsf cfwf/df k|=d=sf] /fhLgfdf dfu ul/Psf] 5, Tof] k|lqmof unt 5 eGg] xfd|f] wf/0ff 5 . ;QfkIf cfkm\gf] x7df 5, k|ltkIf klg Ps ;"qLo dfu /fv]/ k|=d= /fhLgfdf b]p, k|=d= /fhLgfdf b]p elg/x]sf] 5 . k|=d=n] /fhLgfdf u/]kl5 s;/L cufl8 a9\g] < s'g 9+un] d'n'snfO{ ;+rfng ug]{ eGg] ;f]r j}slNks ;/sf/sf] hgdt kfPsf] k|d'v k|ltkIf bn Pdfn];+u 5}g . b]zsf ;fd' r'gf}tLsf ?kdf /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] xn s;/L ug]{ eGg] ;f]r p;df 5}g .

k|ltkIfLn] klg cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg], k|wfgdGqLn] klg cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg] / ;d:ofsf] xn ug]{tkm{ hfg g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < ;bgsf] cj/f]wn] ax'bnLo Joj:yf dfly g} k|xf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;bgsf] cj/f]wn] b]znfO{ tjfxsf] af6f]tkm{ n}hfb}5 . To;sf/0f ;a}n] OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cfkm\gf bnLo :jfy{nfO{ Tofu]/ /fli6@)%^ ;fndf Pdfn] / sf+u|]; ldn]/, c+zj08fsf] cfwf/df r'gfj u/fP . cfkm\gf] ldlndtf]df ePsf] r'gfjnfO{ Pdfn]n] z'?df Psbd} k|hftflGqs 9+uaf6 ePsf] 5 eGof] . t/ ha r'gfjsf] kl/0ffd p;sf] kIfdf cfPg ta Pdfn]n] r'gfjdf wf“wnL ePsf] 5 eGg yfNof] . p;n] ;+;b cj?4 u¥of] / r'gfjdf wf“wnL eP gePsf] 5fglag ug{, ;ldlt agfOof] . clxn] km]l/ r'gfjdf ePsf] wf“wnLsf ljifodf Pdfn] df}g 5 . Tof] s]jn Pdfn]sf] hgtf em'Sofpg] gf6s dfq lyof] . k|d'v k|ltkIf eg]sf] j}slNks ;/sf/ agfpg] clwsf/ k|fKt kf6L{ xf] . p;n] a8f] lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kb{5 .

xf], k|=d=sf] /fhLgfdfsf] dfu 7Ls 5 . t/ To;nfO{ k|lqmofut ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg' k¥of] . lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] /fhLgfdf u/]kl5 d'n'snfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] Ph]08f k|:t't g} gu/L /fhLgfdf dfUg'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g .

dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf ;Gbe{df xfd|f] :ki6 egfO{ 5 . ;/sf/n] pgLx?;+u jftf{ ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/n] jftf{sf] jftfj/0f agfpg' k5{ . zflGt ;'/Iff, e|i6frf/ / ;'zf;gsf s'/f ;a} kf6L{n] p7fPsf 5g\ . :jod\ ;Qf?9 g]kfnL sf+u|];n] klg r'gfjdf log} tLgj6f k|lta4tf hgtf ;fd' hfx]/ u/]sf] lyof] . s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] ;/sf/n]] ltg} tL k|lta4tf k"/f ug{ ;s]g eg]/ ;QfRo't ul/of] . t v} t of] ;/sf/n] klg t s]xL ug{ ;s]g lg < cfh;Dd klg tL ;jfnx? h:tfsf] t:t} d'v jfP/ v8f 5g\ . To;sf/0f d'n's ;fd' r'gf}tLsf ?kdf /x]sf ;d:ofx?sf] lgbfg vf]Hg /fhgLlts kf6L{x? Odfgbf/ ePgg\ . oL ;d:of oyfjt /x]/ ;+;b rNb}df b]z aGb}g .

hgtfn] cfd'n kl/jt{g vf]h]sf 5g\ . Pp6f kf6L{sf] kxnn] dfq cfh hgtfsf] rfxgf k"/f x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] clxn] ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ cfjZos 5 . Tof] ;/sf/df v'Nnf /fhgLlts kf6L{x? dfq geP/ e"ldut dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] klg ;xeflutf x'g'kb{5 . xfdLn] ;Qfdf cfpgsf nflu dfq of] dfu /fv]sf x}gf}+ . of] b]zdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; ca Pp6f vf]6f] l;Ssf h:t} e};s]sf] 5 . Tof] ehfP/ elhg]jfnf 5}g .

o:tf] cj:yfdf Pp6f lul/hfk|;fb uP/ csf]{ s'g} sf+u|]; cfp“b}df xfd|f cufl8 b]lvPsf ;d:of xn x'"b}gg\ . of] a]nfdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg nrstf b]vfP/ cufl8 a9]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] klg cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] dfu u/]sf 5g\ . of] cj:yfdf Pp6f ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfP/ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?sf] k|of;df d'n'sdf /x]sf ofjt r'gf}tL lj?4 n8\g' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . /fli6clxn]sf] 38Ldf d'n'ssf] ;jf{+ª\uL0f ljsf;sf nflu s'g} lgsf; vf]Hg] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cnUofP/ s'g} s'/f ;+ej 5}g . clxn]sf] cfjZostf hgkIfLo ;/sf/sf] xf] .

k|:t'ltM hut g]kfn