af?bL ;'?·dfly lgjf{rg cfof]

huGgfy kf}8]n, ;b:o, /fli6«o ;ef

a'em\g' kg]{ / ;'Gg' kg]{ w]/} s'/f ul/;s]/ klg clg0f{osf] aGbL ag]/ al;/x]sf] lgjf{rg cfof]un] Ps xKtfeGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv kf6L{ k|ltlglw / sfg'g Aoj;foLx?sf] srx/L a;fO/x\of] . k|of]hg v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fdfGotM ax; cbfntdf x'g] ub{5 hxfF uDeL/ ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL k|Zgx? ;lDdlnt 5g\ To;}n] klg lgaf{rg cfof]udf ax; xf]Og srx/L eO/x]sf] xf] ls eGg] nfUg' :jfefljs} 5 . cbfntdf klg låljwf/lxt sltko laifodf jlsn / ltgsf] ax;sf]] cfjZostf 7flGfb}g . xsb}of / xbDofb g ePsf d'2fx? 7f8f] vf/]hLdf kb{5g\ . k|f/lDes zt{ k"/f gug]{ d'2fx?n] nfdf] ax; / 5nkmnsf] r/0fdf k|a]z kfpb}gg\ . lgjf{rg cfof]u cbfnt klg xf]Og p:n] em08} b'O{ dlxgfb]lv lg0f{o gu/]/ c8\sfP/ /fv]sf] laifodf s'g} sfg'gL / ;Da}wflgs ljjfb klg 5}g . kbflwsf/L kl/jt{g ;DaGwL b]pjf ;d"xsf] slyt lg0f{o s'g cfwf/df lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ eof] < b/kL7 lsg ePg < Tof] cfkm}+df uDeL/ k|Zg 5 . cfof]un] kbflwsf/L ;DaGWfL cfwf/xLg bfjL vf/]h u/]/ ljjfb d'Qm x'g' kg]{df To;f] eP u/]sf] klg b]lvPg / yk ax; dfly ax; u/fOPsf] 5, Tof] klg Ps lbg b'O{ lbg xf]Og xKt}el/, lsg of] tfdemfd t8s e8s < s] of] jf:tjdf cfjZos lyof] cyjf c?g} s'g} clek|fon] d~rg ul/Psf] gf6s dfq xf] < clxn] ;j{q ;dj]t :j/df oxL k|Zg pl7/x]sf] 5 .

dg, arg, / sd{n] ljlwsf] zf;gsf] ;+/If0f ug]{5' eGg] ;ky vfP/ ;Qf;Lg ePsf] b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL :jod\n] ljlwsf] zf;gsf] x'd{t s;/L lng ;Sbf]/x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] gf·f] pbfx/0f slyt afg]Zj/ dxflwj]zg xf] . dxflwj]zgsf] k|ltjfbdf pq]sf] ;/sf/L kIf xKtf} lbg;Dd rn]sf] jx; 5nkmndf x7 / hj/h:tL afx]s sfg'gL cfwf/ lbg k"0f{tM ljkmn ePsf] 5 . lbg ;sf];\ klg s;/L < ha ls Tof] gf·f] gfr afx]s s]xL lyPg . sf+u|]; ;efkltsf] bfaf ug]{ ;/sf/L kIfn] ;+ljwfg cGt/ut ag]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lawfgnfO{ g} u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] lawfg ;/x x'G5 eGg] h:tf] xf:of:kb ts{ /fVg r's]g . h'g ;+:yfsf] ;efklt x'g' k/]sf] 5 Tof] ;+:yfsf] lawfgsf] kfngf x'g gkg]{ h:tf] s'ts{ s] x'g ;S5 < 6]Sg] / ;dfTg] 7fpF gkfPkl5 lgjf{rgdf hfg] k|wfgdGqLn] h] u/] klg x'G5 p:n] lalw lawfgsf] kfngf ug{ cfjZos 5}g eGg] h:tf p6\k6f8=\egfO{ k|:t't ul//x]sf 5g\ . To; ;DaGwdf dlxgf} lbgb]lv cvaf/ / kqklqsfdf uDeL/ 6Lsf l6Kk0fL, n]v /rgf / larf/x? cfO/x]sf 5g\ ;Qfsf] pGdfb / cx+sf/ 5rlNsPsf] afx]s s;}n] klg Tof] 36gfnfO{ lalw;Ddt dfg]sf] 5}g . ;+s6sfnsf] lg/Gt/tf k|ltlglw;ef la36g / kf6L{ laefhg Pp6} u'?of]hgf cGt/utsf cnu–cnu s8L kf] /x]5g\ ls eGg] s'/fsf] /x:of]b\3f6g ePsf] ;'Gg w]/} lbg klv{g' kg]{ 5}g . ptf lgjf{rg cfof]u eg] kl/l:ylt ;fk]If sbd rNg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;/L klg slx+ bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;Dej xf]nf <

lgjf{rg cfof]u aflx/ klg 7"nf] b'lgof 5 hxfF a'em\g] / hfGg]] w]/} dfG5] 5g\ . oxfF cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yf / bft[/fi6«x? klg 5g\ . h:sf] e/df of] b]z rln/x]sf] 5 . ljlwj]Qf / sfg'gsf] zf;gsf 1ftfx?sf] klg oxfF sdL 5}g . lgjf{rg cfof]usf x/]s lqmofsnfknfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf /fhgLlts kf6L{x? klg oxfF cgluGtL 5g\ . sf+u|];nfO{ l5Gg leGg kf/] kl5 df}nfpb} hfg] cltjfb / To:sf] k|efjsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{x? / ljefhgsf] df/ v]Kg kg]{x? klg oxfF xf]nfg\ . dWodfuL{x?sf] ktg;+u} df}nfPsf] wfld{s pu|jfbn] h;/L O/fgsf] dxfzlQm x'g] ;kgf dfq rsgfr'/ kf/]g afO; ;o aif{ k'/fgf] /fhtGqnfO{ klg a8f/]/ nUof] To;/L g}} pu|jfdkGyL rfk / if8\oGqsf] kl/0ffd:j?k ckmufl:tfgsf] /fhf lgjf{;gdf 5g\ Tof] b]z cfh klg cjfl~5t o'4 / lagfz nLnf ef]Ug afWo 5 . pu|afb rfx] h'g;'s} gfddf a8]sf] lsg gxf];\ Tof] s;}sf] nflu lxts/ x'g] 5}g . dWodfuL{ /fhgLlts zlQmsf] ?kdf sf+u|];n] lgaf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfn] cltjfbsf aLrsf] 7f8f] le8GtnfO{ cfh;Dd /f]s]sf] lyof] . sf+u|];sf g]tfx?n] ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ arfp ug]{ gfddf 3f]/ ckdfg ;xg' k/]sf] cj:yfsf] klg xfdLnfO{ ;Demgf 5 . laefhgkl5sf] Psyl/ sf+u|]; ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIfdf / csf]{yl/ sf+u|]; rfx]/ af grfx]/ u0ftGqjfbLsf] kIfdf pleg k'Uof] eg] oxfF s'g} dWodfuL{ zlQm /xg] 5}g To;kl5sf] oxfFsf] /fhtGqsf] eljio s] xf]nf < sf+u|];sf] e"ldsfdf /xg] /fhgLlts zlQm sf+u|]; afx]s csf]{ sf] x'g ;St5 < of] sf+u|]; leq cfuf] nufP/ /f]dfl~rt x'g]x?n] larf/ ug'{ kg]{ laifo xf] . sf+u|];nfO{ tTsfn df:Gg] s'/fdf dfq of] ;Lldt 5}g 8n]nf] a9\b} uof] eg] sf] sxf+ k'U5 clxn] g} elaioaf0fL ug{ sl7g 5 . sf+u|];sf] at{dfg\ cToGt} si6 / ;+3if{n] el/k"0f{ 5, ljefhg :jfefljs / lalw;Ddt e} lbPsf] eP oltw]/} kL8f x'g] lyPg sfg'g;Ddt ljefhg ;Dea geP/ g} lbgsf] pHofnf]df hf]/h'n'd u/L kf6L{ ljefhg ug]{ h:tf] 3[l0ft sfd ePsf] xf] bnLo Aoj:yfsf] dof{bf pNn+3gsf] of] eGbf 7"nf] pbfx/0f csf{] x'g} ;St}g . sf+u|];dfly cTofrf/ yf]kg]{ lg/Gt/sf] k|oTgx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;f+u7lgs tfstsf] andf k|lt/f]w ug{ sf+u|]; km]l/ klg ;Ifd x'g]5  . zt{ Pp6} 5 lgjf{rg cfof]u h:tf] ;Ddflgt ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf lans'n :jtGq / lgikIf ePs} x'g' kb{5 .

lgjf{rg cfof]u olta]nf km'6\g nfu]sf] Hjfnfd'vL jf k8\lsg nfu]sf] af?bL ;'?· dfly plePsf] ofq' h:t} 5 . xf]lzof/L / clnslt klg ;Gt'ng lalu|of] eg] cfof]u /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf aLr tTsfn sn+lst / abgfd ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lrlqt x'g]5 . lgjf{rg cfof]u dflysf] laZjf; x6]kl5 pTkGg kl/l:ylt slt eofjx x'G5 Tof] elg/xg' cfjZos 5}g . lgjf{rg cfof]u To;} ;Dj}wflgs lgsfo ePsf] xf]Og . lgjf{rg cfof]u :jod\n] cfkm\gf] dxTj a'em]sf] x'g' kb{5 . Oltxf;df slx+ d}n] k9]sf] 5', ;Qfsf nflu o"/f]kdf dfq bf]>f] laZj o'4 cl3 rf}wxhf/ n8fO{ nl8Psf 5g\ . Tolta]nf o'4/t kIfsf aLr x'g] n8fO{ afx]s ;Qf x:tfGt/0fsf] csf]{ s'g} ;+oGq ljsl;t ePsf] lyPg . lg/Gt/ eO/xg] n8fO{, emu8f / df/sf6af6 dfgjdfqsf] /Iffsf] nflu lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cjwf/0ff ljsl;t ul/Psf] xf] . :jtGqtf / lgikIftf lgjf{rg cfof]usf] k"j{ zt{ xf] . lnlvt ;lDawfg ePsf vf;u/L t]>f] d'n'ssf ;+ljwfgx?df lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ a9L kf/bzL{ agfpg hf]8 lbg'sf] /x:o klg ToxL g} xf] .

?v g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;+/lIft r'gfj lrGx xf] eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!# cGt/ut g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lawfg lqmofzLn 5 . kf]v/fdf ;DkGg bzf}+ dxflwj]zgn] c7f/ hgf lgjf{lrt ;b:o;lxt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;efklt 5fg]sf] 5 . cg'zf;g ;ldlt lawfgn] g} l;h{gf u/]sf] ;+:yf xf], ;b:ox?nfO{ cg'zf;gdf /fVg kfpg] x/]s kf6L{sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ x'G5  . sfjf{xLdf lrQ ga'em\g]n] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf k'g/fj]bg lbg kfp5g\ lbO/x]sf 5g\, k|wfgdGqL :jod\ To:sf] pbfx/0f x'g'x'G5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ kl/jt{g ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL klg lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ eP/ /x]sf] 5 . P3f/f}+ dxflwj]zg ePsf] 5}g . cs:dft kbflwsf/L kl/jt{g ;DaGwL gofF ;"rL lgjf{rg cfof]udf bflvn x'G5 clg elgG5 dxflwj]zgsf] lg0f{o eg]/ . dxflwj]zg eGg] ;+:yfsf] kl/sNkgf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lawfgn] u/]sf] xf] lawfgsf] wf/f !$ / #$ sf] cjnDjg gu/L dxflwj]zg a:g} ;St}g lawfgt a:g] dxflwj]zgsf] ;efklt / dxf;lrj klg qmdzM lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / ;'zLn sf]O/fnf g} x'G5g\, kbflwsf/L kl/jt{gsf] ;"rgf lbg k/] klg pgLx?n] g} lbg] xf] . cGo hf];'s}n] NofPsf] eP klg cglws[t kbflwsf/L kl/jt{g ;DjGwL sfuh btf{ ug{ x'b}gYof] Tof] klg sfof{nosf] ;do kl5 . btf{ u/] klg clanDj lg0f{o lbPsf] x'g'kg]{df lg0f{o lbg dlxgf} lbg vlr{Psf] 5 h;nfO{ ljNs'n} :jfefljs eGg ldNb}g . log} ultljlwsf sf/0f lgjf{rg cfof]u z+sfsf] 3]/f leq k/]sf] xf] .

r'gfj lrGx ;DaGwL lg0f{o sf+u|];sf] cfGtl/s hLjgl;t ;DjlGwt laifo eP klg lgikIftfsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg lgjf{rg cfof]u ;Ifd x'G5 ls x'Gg eGg] b[li6n] x]bf{ of] dfdnf ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts hutl;t ;dfg?kn] hf]l8Psf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]u ;Ifd / ;j}n] kTofPsf] ;+:yf klg xf] efjL /fhgLlt s;/L cufl8 a9\5, zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] s] /0fgLlt x'G5 eGg] s'/f clxn] klg w]/} xb;Dd lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg z}nLdf lge{/ ub{5 . lgjf{rg cfof]usf] klg To;tkm{ Wofg uPs} xf]nf .

cfwf ztfAbLsf] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cGt{åGåsf] h8

b]jaxfb'/ s'“j/

cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ kms]{/ x]bf{ ljut cfwf ztfAbLb]lv g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ cfd"n kl/jt{g ub}{ d'n'ssf] cfly{s If]qsf ;fy} ;fdflhs kIfdf ;d]t kl/jt{g ub}{{ g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] ldof]sf] ?kdf pleP/ cGo /fhg}lts zlQmx?nfO{ ;d]t 8f]¥ofpFb} :jtGq ;fj{ef}lds ;Qf ;DkGg k|hftflGqs b]z g]kfn egL ljZj ;fd' lrgfpg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] e"ldsf lglZrt ?kdf cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; o:tf] Pp6f kf6L{ xf] . h;sf] cfkm\gf] l;+uf] Oltxf; 5 . ljut s]xL ;dob]lv /fHo ;Qfsf] nufd lnO/x]sf] cj:yf klg 5 . o;sf ca cfpg] lbgx?df o;sf] e"ldsf cem g]t[TjbfoL x'g] k|i6 5 . o;/L x]bf{ g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] Oltxf; jt{dfg / eljio hf] ;dosf ltg} sfnnfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;kmn 5 . cfkmg\f] lglZrt nIo k|flKtsf nflu cfbz{sf] sl7g af6f] kf/ ub}{ k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] dxfg o1nfO{ ;kmn kf/L g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ k|hftflGqs k4lt / cfr/0f cg';f/ lx+8fpg] k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfkl5 ePsf lgjf{rgdf hgtfn] o; kf6L{sf] kIfdf :ki6;+u nf]s cledt k|s6 ug'{ klg lglZrt ?kdf o; kf6L{sf] ljutsf] uf}/jdo Oltxf; g} xf] . o;/L k6s k6s /fHo ;+rfngsf] e"ldsf kfPsf] o; kf6L{n] cfkm"nfO{ cem a9L ;'b[9, ;Ifd, / of]Uo agfpFb} n}hfg' kg]{df lsg o; kf6L{leq eLif0f cGt{åGåx? rN5g\ < lsg o; kf6L{ leq x'g] emu8fn] cg'zf;gsf] nId0f /]vf kf/ ub{5 < cem xfnsf lbgx?df x'g] emu8fn] t Hjfnfd'vLsf] ?k lnPsf sf/0f ;Dk"0f{ ;dfh klg k|efljt ePsf] 5 . cem egf} eg] ;Dk"0f{ k|hftGqjfbLsf] cfzf / e/f]iffnfO{ lg/fzfdf kl/0ft ul/lbPsf] 5 . oxL ljifo g} clxn] ;Dk"0f{ k|hftGqjfbLx?sf nflu lrGtf / rf;f]sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

sf]tkj{sf] /Qm/+lht sf08df ljhf/f]k0f ul/Psf] /f0ff kl/jf/sf] lg/+s'z zf;g ;dfKt kf/L g]kfndf j}wflgs /fhtGq / ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] zf;g Joj:yf ;+rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] @))# ;fndf g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . o; kf6L{n] ha /f0ff zf;g ;dfKt kf/L cfkm\gf] cfwf p2]Zo k"/f u/L tTsfnLg >L % lqe'jgaf6 ha ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ df}sf kfPsf] lyof], pQm cj;/nfO{ 5f]Kb} kf6L{ ;efkltsf] x}l;otn] dft[sfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm x'g ;kmn eP . dft[sfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL eP kl5 ;j{k|yd pgn] tLg j6f sfdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg yfn] . ;j{k|yd ;Qfdf k'Ug] ljlQs} pgn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ;xof]u / ljZjf; lhTg'eGbf /fhfsf] ljZjf; lhTgkl§ nfUg' kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf dxTjk"0f{ ;fyLx?nfO{ dlGqd08ndf ;fd]t gug'{ / kf6L{sf] ufpFb]lv s]Gb|;Ddsf sfo{stf{ dfem clt nf]slk|o g]tf aL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf] Ps JolQm Ps kb cg';f/ kf6L{ rnfpg] ljrf/sf] c:jLsf/ ug'{ . To; afx]s dft[sf sf]O/fnf k|=d= ePkl5 k|hftGq k|lt hgtfsf] ljZjf; / cf:yf a9fpg k|hftflGqs ;'wf/x? nfu" ug{ c;kmn eO{ :jo+ kf6L{sf] 5lj w'ldn x'Fb} hfg' . pk/f]Qm ljifosf sf/0f kf6L{leq rsf]{ emu8f x'g uPsf] lyof] kmn:j?k dft[sf sf]O/fnfn] ;g\ !(%@ cui6 ^ sf lbg /fhLgfdf lbPsf lyP . kl5 pgn] g]sfnfO{ 5f8L csf]{ 5'§} bn /fli6«o k|hf kf6L{ agfPsf lyP .

o; kl5sf lbgx?df aL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] kf6L{nfO{ cem a9L ;+ul7t agfpFb} n}hfg' eof] / kmn:j?k @)!% ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf g]sfn] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dt Nofpg ;kmn eO{ aL=kL= sf]O/fnf k|yd hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL aGg' eof] . o;/L g]sfn] jL=kL=sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g u/L b]zdf cg]sf}+ qmflGtsf/L ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul//x]sf] lyof], 7Ls To;}a]nf g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+;bLo bnsf @^ hgf ;f+;bx?n] g} cg]sf}+ axfgf lemsL ;/sf/nfO{ sfd ug{ cK7]/f] kfg{ yfn]sf lyP . o;/L cfkm\g} ;/sf/sf lj?4 u'6aGbL ug]{ k|d'v JolQmx?df dl0f/fd zf:qL, gLnfDa/ kGyL, anaxfb'/ /fO{, e"b]j /fO{ cflb lyP . o;/L g]kfns} Oltxf;df ePsf k|wfgdGqLx?df ;a}eGbf ;Ifd k|wfgdGqL aL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf] lj?4 klg u'6aGbL u/L emu8f ug]{ sf+u|];L ;+:sf/ b]Vbf :jo+ cfZro{ x'g' :jfefljs x'G5 .

@)!& ;fn k'; ! ut] k|hftGqsf] xTof ePkl5 #) jif{sf] lgjf{;g h]n hLjgsf] s7f]/ ;dodf klg kf6L{sf] /0fgLltsf gfpFdf s]xL dtdtfGt/ b]lvPsf lyP h;sf sf/0f s]xL JolQmx? kf6L{af6 cnu eO{ k~rfot k|j]z u/]sf lyP . h;nfO{ /fhgLltdf c7\tL;] ;d"xsf gfpFn] lrlgG5g\ . To;afx]s klg g]sfsf] dxfdGqL eO;s]sf k/z'gf/fo0f rf}w/L h:tf g]tfx? klg kf6L{ 5f]8L cnu ePsf lyP t/ l;4fGteGbf ;QfnfO{ dxTj lbPsf sf/0f eg] kf6L{nfO{ s'g} gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg ;s]sf lyPgg\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] jf:tljs emu8fsf] sf/0f / To;n] k'¥ofPsf] u+eL/ kl/0ffdsf af/] hfGgsf nflu eg] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;dflKtkl5 ag]sf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f s;/L eof] . Tof] ;/sf/df g]sfsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmx? s'g k|sf/af6 lgo'lQm eP < s] ltgLx? kf6L{ k4lt cg';f/ lgo'Qm ePsf lyP of JolQmsf] s[kf cg';f/ < ljlw cg';f/ sfd eof] of JolQmsf] OR5f cg';f/ < cem cfd sfo{stf{x?n] a'em\g} kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] lat]sf !@ jif{df kf6L{leq ePsf emu8fdf uNtL s'g kIfn] sd u¥of] of s'g kIfn] a9L uNtL u¥of] eg]/ jfbljjfb ug'{ eGbf uNtL ;a}eGbf klxnf s;n] ;'? u¥of] < ;j{k|yd s'g kIfLo 9+uaf6 ;/sf/ rnfpg] abdf;Lsf] d'xfg s;n] vf]Nof] < cflb s'/fsf] :d/0f ug'{ x/]s a'l4dfgL sfo{stf{sf] st{Jo x'g hfG5 . oyfy{ cfh d k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf kl5 ag]sf] k|yd ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ h;sf] g]t[Tj s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] To;sf af/] s]xL s'/f pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' .

rf/}lt/af6 pn]{sf] cfGbf]ngsf] j]u wfGg g;sL tTsfnLg dxf/fhflw/fh >L % jL/]Gb|af6 @)$^ r}q @^ ut] /flt g]sf / jfddf]rf{sf g]tfx?nfO{ /fhb/af/df af]nfO{ jftf{ u/L bndflysf] k|ltjGw x6fPsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] s]xL lbg kl5 u0f]zdfg l;+xnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug{ rfx] klg u0f]zdfg l;+xaf6 pQm k|=d=kbsf] c:jLsf/ u/L tTsfnLg g]sfsf ;efklt s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{nfO{ k|=d= lbg rfx]sf] atfP kl5 /fhfaf6 klg e§/fO{nfO{ g} k|=d= lgo'lQm ul/aS;]sf] lyof] . o;/L e§/fO{ k|=d= lgo'lQm x'g' kf6L{sf sfo{jfxs ;efkltsf] x}l;otn] 7Ls b]lvP klg kf6L{sf] lgod / k4lt cg';f/ eg] 7Ls ePg . lsgeg] of] kf6L{sf] ljlw;Ddt lg0f{o lyPg . t/ o;sf] cy{ e§/fO{nfO{ k|=d= lgo'lQm ug'{ unt lyof] eGg] k6Ss} xf]Og . lglZrt ?kdf e§/fO{ g} k|=d= lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ lyof] . o;df s;}sf] b'O{ dt lyPg . t/ To:tf] lg0f{o lng'eGbf klxnf g]sf sf+u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7s 8fsL ;a} ;fyLx?sf] ;xdlt cg';f/ pQm a}7saf6 kf; u/fO{ cf}krfl/stf dfq} eg] klg k"/f u/L lg0f{o lng] kl/kf6L{ ;'? u/]sf] eP Tof] Pp6f ljlw;Ddt lg0f{o x'g] lyof] . h;n] kl5;Dd kf6L{n] lng] x/]s lg0f{ox? ljlw k'¥ofP/ ug'{ kg]{ k|rng a:bYof] . t/ ToxfF To;f] geP/ Ps JolQmsf] s[kf cg';f/ e§/fO{nfO{ k|=d= lgo'lQm u/]/ ljlwsf] cGTo / s[kfkfb k|yfsf] rng ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . km]l/ klg sfd s'/f olQs}df 6'+luPsf] lyPg . ha e§/fO{ k|=d= lgo'lQm x'g'eof] To;kl5 pxfFn] klg pxL Pp6} tl/sf ckgfpFb} cfkm\gf cToGt glhssf JolQmx? h:t} -of]uk|;fb pkfWofo, dx]Gb|gf/fo0f lglw_ cflbnfO{ kf6L{sf] lg0f{o a]u/ dlGqd08ndf ;fd]n u/fO{ s[kfjfbsf] >[+vnfnfO{ c? cufl8 a9fpg' ePsf] lyof] . csf]{lt/ tTsfnLg g]sf kf6L{sf dxfdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] eg] kf6L{leqsf ;Ifd of]Uo / o'jf JolQmx?nfO{ dlGqd08ndf ;fd]n u/fpg] hf]8bf/ cfu|x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . h;nfO{ sfd rnfp k|=d= e§/fO{n] 3f]/ pk]Iff u/]/ kf6L{leq åGå / ljefhgsf] aLp /f]Kg' ePsf] lyof] . csf]{lt/ b]zdf x'g uO/x]sf] @)$^ ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf g]sfnfO{ ljho t'Nofpg tTsfnLg dxfdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf b]ze/ dfn], d;fn], d08n] Pp6} x'g\ eGb} 9'+uf d'9f vfFb} /f]Nkf, ?s'd, Ko'7fg h:tf b'u{d If]qsf] e|d0fdf lx+l8/xg' ePsf] lyof] eg] ptf /fhwfgLdf a;]/ dGqLx? cfkm\gf cf;]kf;], x'Ss] a}7s] hf] cfkm";+u JolQmut ?kdf glhs 5g\ To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ dfq ;/sf/L, lgo'lQm / ;?jf a9'jf ug{ Jo:t lyP . o;/L k|yd ;+o'Qm ;/sf/b]lv g} åGå ljefhgsf] aLp /f]lkPsf] lyof] h;sf] k|ltkmn cfh cfd sfo{stf{x?n] kL8fhgs ?kdf kfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf kl5 ag]sf] klxn] cfGtl/d ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f;+u} z'? ePsf] lyof] .

cfh g]kfnL sf+u|]; Oltxf;sf] Ps sl7g df]8df plePsf] 5 . o;sf cufl8 cfGtl/s / jfx\o u/L b'O{ 7"nf r'gf}tLx? 5g\ . g]t[Tj txdf /x]sf g]tfx?df bnLo ;+:sf/sf] cToGt sdL x'g', kf6L{sf] dof{bf / cg'zf;gnfO{ nTofpg', cfd sfo{stf{sf] efjgfsf] sb/ gug'{ cflb o;sf cfGtl/s r'gf}tL x'g\ eg] jfx\o r'gf}tL eg]sf] /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] Ozf/fdf slxn] pu| blIf0fkGyL sf]0faf6 slxn] pu| jfdkGyL sf]0faf6 x'g] 3fts k|xf/ g} xf] . o;y{ o:tf r'gf}tLx?sf] ;fdgf u/]/ dfq} sf+u|];n] cfufdL lbgx?df ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ agfP/ /fi6« lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{5 . ;j{k|yd sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tj txdf x'g] åGå / emu8fnfO{ ts{ / ljj]ssf] cfwf/df Joj:yfkg ug'{ kb{5 . cfh kf6L{ ljefhgsf] of] cj:yf cfpg'df kf6L{leq x'g] emu8fnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ g;Sg' g} xf] . lxGb':yfgdf b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ s;/L rln/x]sf] 5 < / v'b ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{ hf] sfo{stf{df cfwfl/t 5 p;sf] kf6L{ / ;/sf/aLr cGt/;DjGw s;/L Joj:yfkg eO/x]sf] 5 < eGg] s'/fsf] cWoog g]kfnL sfF+u|];sf g]tfx?n] u/]df zfob oxfF klg s]xL ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] ls < o;/L sf+u|];n] Oltxf;af6 kf7 l;s]/ k'gM Psk6s o; kf6L{sf xhf/f}+ sfo{stf{, nfvf}+ z'e]R5'ssf] x[bodf pT;fx / pd+u k}bf u/fpg] xf] eg] ;j{k|yd kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj txd} JolQm / k|a[lQ b'a} kl/jt{g ug'{ kb{5 . To;f] eof] eg] o;sf] kl/jt{gsf] nx/ kf6L{sf] tNnf] lgsfo / cGo eft[ ;+u7gdf ;d]t kg{ uO{ ;'wf/sf] cg'e"lt x'g]5 . t/ kl/jt{g ubf{ eg] of]Uotf / Odfgbf/Lsf] k/LIffdf v/f] ?kn] pq]sf] JolQm x'g' kb{5 . o;f] eof] eg] csf]{ afns[i0f vfF8 h:tf] wf]s]jfh hGdg ;Sb}g . o;y{ pk/f]Qm s'/fnfO{ u+eL/ 9+uaf6 ;f]r]/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfaf6 cToGt a'l4dfgL / ;fxl;s lg0f{o lnP/ cufl8 a9]df g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k'ghL{jg kfpg]5 .

ef/tsf] :jtGqtf lbj; / g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGw

gf/fo0f l3ld/]

!% cu:t . ef/tsf] :jtGqtf lbj; . xfn} ef/tn] cfkm\g} uf}/jk"0f{ ctLt / :jfwLgtfk|ltsf] lgi7fsf] :d/0f ub}{ %% cf}+ :jtGqtf lbj; dgfof] . o; cj;/df ef/tn] cft+sjfb / ul/aL lj?4sf] k|ltj4tf bf]xf]¥ofpb} zflGt, ;lxi0f'tf, Pstf / hftLo Pstfdf ljz]if hf]8 lbof] . ef/tsf] of] k|fyldstf l;+uf] blIf0f Plzofs} nflu ;fdlos / ;fGble{s aGg uPsf] 5 . p;sf] of] jrgj4tfdf of] If]qs} efjgf d'vl/t ePsf] 5 .

:jtGqtf cl3sf] ef/t clxn] tLg 6'qmf ePsf] 5— ef/t, kfls:tfg / a+unfb]z . t/ klg of] If]qdf ef/t clxn] klg Pp6f ‘zlQm’sf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . o; If]qsf ;ft} d'n's ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg :jtGq /fi6« eP tfklg ljZjdf ef/t blIf0f Plzofsf] k|tLs ag]sf] 5 . oxfFsf x/]s d'n'sdf s'g} g s'g} ?kdf k|efj 5 . ef/tnfO{ j/fj/ wDSofP klg / ef/t;+u h'Wg cd]l/sf, rLg ;lxt ljleGg d'n'ssf] lg/Gt/ ;xof]u kfP klg kfls:tfg ;d]t ef/tsf] zlQm ;fd' gtdits h:t} ePsf] 5— x/]s o'4df kfls:tfgn] xf/]sf] 5 . lj|l6zx?n] gf+uf] ?kdf 5f]8]sf] ef/tn] :jtGqtfkZrft xfl;n u/]sf] k|ult w]/}sf] nflu k|]/0ffsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . cg]sf}+ k|lts"ntf, aflx/L wDsL, cfGtl/s / jfx\o cft+sjfb, ;fDk|bflos b+uf km;fb, k|fs[lts k|sf]k, ul/aL, ;fdflhs k5f}6]kg, s'/Llt cflbsf] ljuljuL em]n]/ klg ef/tn] cfly{s, /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs ;'wf/ ug'{sf ;fy} k|hftGqsf] ;+/If0f / /fli6«otfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fdf b]vfPsf] c8fg k|z+;gLo /x]sf] 5 . olt dfq x}g p;n] g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf / k'g:yf{kgf, a+unfb]zsf] :jtGqtf, >Ln+sfdf zflGt tyf e"6fgdf ljsf;sf nflu k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg 5n{+u} 5 .

g]kfn–ef/taLrsf] ;DjGw gª / df;' h:t} cleGg 5 . of] 3lgi6tf ef}uf]lns lgs6tf, v'nf ;Ldfgf Pj+ ;f+:s[lts–;fdflhs ;dfgtfn] dfq ePsf] xf]Og, cg]sf}+ s'/fdf b'O{ b]zsf] :jfy{, efjgf / cfjZostf ufFl;Psf] 5 . ef/tdf ag]sf afFwn] g]kfnL e"–efu 8'jfgdf kg]{ u/]sf] / g]kfndf ePsf] e"–Ifo / jf9Ln] ef/tnfO{ b'Mv lbO/x]sf] s'/f j/fj/ p7\5 . v'nf l;dfgf / t:s/Ln] g]kfnsf] cfly{s nIodf gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ u/]sf] tyf g]kfnaf6 ef/tdf kfls:tfgn] cft+sjfbLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf], lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ / gSsnL gf]6x? cfk"lt{ ul/Psf] Pj+ lrlgofF / cGo ljb]zL ;fdfu|L Jofks kl/0ffddf hfgfn] ef/tsf] 6fpsf] b'vfO ag]sf] ;j{ljlbt 5 . c? b]zx?aLr o:tf] 36gfx? ePsf eP 7"nf] emu8f x'g] lyof], t/ g]kfn–ef/taLrsf x/]s ;d:of / u'gf;f]x? cfk;L jftf{åf/f ;lhn} ldNg] u/]sf] 5 . b'a} d'n's c;n l5d]sLkgsf] efjgfaf6 kl/rflnt ePsfn] g} of] ;Dej ePsf] xf] .

olb ef/t æ:jtGqÆ gePsf] eP o; k|sf/sf] ;'dw'/ / ;f}xfb|tfk"0f{ ;DaGw lgZro g} ;Dej lyPg . ef/t lj|6]gsf] sAhfdf ePsf] a]nf ef/tdf j;]sf lj|l6zx?n] g]kfndf klg lu4] b[li6 nufO{ ljleGg efudf xdnf ug{ vf]h]sf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . pgLx?n] ;'ud / ;LdfjtL{ 7fpFdf dfq x}g l;Gw'nLu9Ldf ;d]t cfFvf uf8]sf lyP / axfb'/ g]kfnLx?n] æ;fd|fHojfbLÆx?nfO{ nv]6]sf lyP . g]kfn slxNo} pklgj]z ePg, t/ ljl6zx? g]kfnnfO{ æ:jtGqÆ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ lbPgg\ . :jtGq g]kfnnfO{ pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] zlQmsf] ann] k/fwLg h:t} agfP / Tof] e"ldsf :jLsf/]sf]df pgLx? PstGqLo /f0ff zf;gnfO{ ;+/If0f lbP . To;}n] g]kfndf k|hftGq rfxg] g]tfx?– aL=kL=, dft[sf, l8NnL/d0f, dgdf]xg, s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{, ;"o{k|;fb pkfWofo cflb ef/tsf] :jtGqtf ;+u|fddf klg xf]ldP . o;/L ef/tsf] :jtGqtf nflu g]kfnsf g]tfn] klg of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ eg] ef/t :jtGq ePkl5 ToxfFsf g]tfn] g]kfndf /f0ffx?sf] PstGqLo hxflgofF zf;g 9fnL k|hftGq Nofpg ;xof]u lbP . /fhf lqe'jgnfO{ ef/tdf z/0f lbOof] . g]kfnsf g]tfx?n] ef/tdf g} cfwf/ jgfO{ æhgqmflGtÆ ;+rfng u/] . k|hftGq :yfkgfsf] @))& ;fnsf] ;+emf}tf ælbNnL ;+emf}tfÆsf] ?kdf rlr{t 5 . g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] :yfkgfkl5 b'O{b]zaLr ldqtfsf] gofF o'u ;'? eof] . k|hftflGqs g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf nflu ef/tn] 7f]; ;xof]ux? u¥of] . lqe'jg /fhkysf] lgdf{0fb]lv lzIff, :jf:Yo nufot ljleGg If]qdf ef/taf6 k|fKt ;xof]un] g]kfnnfO{ of] l:yltdf cfO k'Ug 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . ;xof]usf] >[+vnf c6'6 g} 5 . t/ g]kfndf k|hftGq gePsf] l:yltdf b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwdf klg u|x0f nfUof] . ef/tn] hlt ;xof]u u/] klg p;sf] lgotdf z+sf ul/of] . g]kfnL sf+u|]; / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf g]tfx? ef/tdf a;]/ k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ an k'¥ofO/x]sf]n] tTsfnLg lg/+s'z /fhfx?n] g]kfndf ef/t lj/f]wL jftfj/0f agfP . ef/t g]kfnsf] ;xof]uL xf]Og zq' xf] / p;sf x/]s ;xof]u ljif ldl;Psf] rsn]6 xf] eGg] efjgf km}nfOof] . b/af/af6 ;+/If0f kfOg] cfzfdf sDo'lg:6x?n] ToxL ljif j[Ifdf l;+rg u/] . To;sf] k|efj cem} 5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf klg ef/tsf] e"ldsf ;sf/fTds /x\of] . ef/tLo g]tfx?n] sf+u|]; / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ Pj+ g]kfnL hg:t/sf] dgf]jn a9fP . o;n] ubf{ clxn] klg k|ltufdL, k'g?TyfgjfbL k|ltlqmofjfbLx? tyf ltgLx?sf] ;+/If0f vf]Hg] jfdkGyL—pu|jfdkGyLx? clxn] klg ef/tlj/f]wL efjgfsf] v]tL ul//x]sf 5g\ . klxn] e|ddf /x]sf w]/}sf] cfFvf v'ln;s]sf] 5 . /fHo ;+rfngsf] lhDd]bf/L af]s]sf / af]Sg cl3 ;g]{x?n] oyfy{sf] w/ftn 6]Sg} k5{ / /fi6«sf] lxt x]g}{ k5{ . xfn} >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb|, k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, g]sfsf ;efklt Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn Pj+ /fk|kfsf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] ef/tsf] ‘;/sf/L’ e|d0f ug'{eof] . oL kf6L{x?aLr k|foM x/]s s'/fdf dte]b x'G5 . ;a} bn / b/af/ g]=sf=nfO{ ef/tkIfLo eGb} g]sfsf g]tfx?sf] t]hf]jwdf nfUg] u5{g\ . t/ of] e|d0f / e|d0fkl5 pxfFx?af6 cfPsf cleJolQmdf s]xL leGgtf b]lvPg . ;a}n] ef/tnfO{ ‘c;n l5d]sL’ / ‘;xof]uL’ eGb} ef/taf6 g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf ;fy} k|hftGq / ;Da}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ;+/If0fdf klg of]ubfg k|fKt x'g] ljZjf; lbnfPsf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf a9L Pdfn] g} o:tf] Uof/]G6L ul//x]sf] 5 . oBlk Pdfn] g]tfx?n] s'g} klg a]nf cfkm\gf] s'/f km]g]{ u/]sf] / ef/ts} dfdnfdf klg o; cl3 JoQm jrgj4tf ljk/Lt cfr/0f u/]sfn] pgLx?sf] s'/fnfO{ s;}n] klg uDeL/tf;fy lnb}gg\ . t/ b]zsf k|d'v zlQmx?— /fhf, k|wfgdGqL g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn]— af6 o;/L ;sf/fTds efjgf k|s6 x'g' g]kfnl:yt ef/tLo s"6gLlt1 tyf ef/tLo s"6gLltsf] ce"tk"j{ ;kmntf xf] . %% cf}+ :jtGqtf lbj;sf] xf/fxf/Ldf JoQm of] efjgf cg'?k g} b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGw cufl8 a9]df g]kfn–ef/t ldqtfdf gofF cfofd ylkg] 5 . ef/tsf] dfq ;xof]u hf/L /x\of] eg] klg /fli6«otf, /fh;+:yf / k|hftGqsf] ;'/Iffsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfn 9'Ss eP x'G5 .

/fhgLltdf lqsf]0ffTds ;+3if{

k|ofunfn >]i7

@))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGt cfsl:ds ?kdf cfPsf] 36gf x}g . o; lglDt bzsf}+ klxn]b]lv e"ldsf tof/ eO/x]sf] lyof] . s'g} qmflGt x'g cfGtl/s tTjsf] cGt/lj/f]w / aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] ;dGjo x'g' kb{5 . h:t} cfkaf6 cfk lg:sG5, c08faf6 rNnf aGb5, / kfgL pDnbf b]lvG5 . g]kfndf /fhgLlts kl/jt{g jf qmflGtsf] ;"qkft lj=;+= !(%) sf] bzsb]lvg} ePsf] xf] . dfwj/fh hf]zLn] ;+= !(%# ;fndf kf]v/fdf ‘cfo{ ;dfhL’ ;+:yf vf]n]sf lyP . ;+= !(&& ;fndf ;'Aaf s[i0fnfn clwsf/Lsf] k':ts ‘ds}sf] v]tL’n] txNsf dRrfof] . To:t} ;+= !(*( df v8\udfg l;+xn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] æk|r08 uf]vf{Æ cfGbf]ngn] g]kfndf /fhgLltsf] klxnf] lkmn'+uf] k}bf u¥of] .

!((& ;fndf cfOk'Ubf 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfn k|hf kl/ifb\n] pNn]Vo e"ldsf v]Nof] . z'qm/fh, bz/y, wd{eQm, u+ufnfn rf/ hgf zxLb eP, /fhgLlt pkTosfJofkL 5fof] . o; hgfGbf]ngn] x's'dL /f0fftGqsf] hu xNnfof] . tTsfnLg >L # h'4zDz]/ j}/fuL agL u2L 5f]8]/ l/8L / b]x/fb'g k'u] . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df !) jif]{ /fhgLlts rqmn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] 5 . k|hf kl/ifb\ :yfkgf ePsf] bzssf] lglj{jfb hgg]tf 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{ x'gx'GYof] . @))# df g]kfn /fli6«o sf+u|];sf] :yfkgf ePb]lv hgg]tf jL=kL= sf]O/fnf aGg'eof], h;sf] k|efj k|hftGqsf] Oltxf;df cfh;Dd klg k|yd :yfgdf 5 .

7Ls To;sf] !) jif{ kl5 g]kfndf k|ltqmflGt cfof] . h;kl5 æsfn/fqLÆsf] tLg bzs;Dd xfdLn] c;lhnf] lbg latfof}+ . To; a]nfsf] lqsf]0ffTds /fhgLlts ;+3if{sf] b[Zo ax't} /f]rs / dxTjk"0f{ 5 . lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ km]l/ ToxL a]nfsf] Oltxf; bf]xf]l/g] cfz+sf xfnsf 36gfx?af6 a9\b} 5 . s:tf] lyof] t @)!& ;fnsf] lqsf]0ffTds /fhgLlts eGbf Psflt/ /fi6« k|d'v /fhf lyP, csf]{lt/ ;Qfdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; lyof] / t];|f] sf]0fdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ lyof] . ;a}n] k|hftGqsf] cf–cfkm\g} 9+un] lx;fa / JofVof u/] . s;}nfO{ klg cfkm\gf] :jfy{ ;jf]{k/L x'g' c:jfefljs xf] . /fhfsf] d'Vo 6Ss/ ;Qfwf/L sf+u|];;+u k¥of] æPs ldofgdf b'O{6f t/af/ c6\b}gÆ, eGg] efjgfsf] rrf{n] 7fpF kfof] . /fhtGqnfO{ u0ftGqjfbL sDo'lgi6af6 x'g] vt/f uf}0f ;lDemof] . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] -hgtfsf] <_ d'Vo b'Zdg ;Qf;Lg ;fd|fHojfbLsf bnfn k'FhLklt ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; ePsf]n] d'Vo b'Zdg ToxL xf] eGof] / /fhtGqnfO{ uf}0f :yfgdf /fVof] . To;n] eGb} uof] /fhtGqnfO{ t xfdLn] h?/t kg]{ lalQs} x6fpg ;S5f}+ . t/ a'h'{jf k|ltlglw g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;Qf -;/sf/_n] ;Qfdf Ps k6s h/f] uf8] kl5 x6fpg ;lsg] 5}g . To;}n] Tof] d'Vo b'Zdg xf] eGof] . /fhtGqnfO{ uf}0f ;Dem\of] .

6+sk|;fb cfrfo{, 8f=s]=cfO{= l;+xx? c? ;f/f g]tfx?n] klg To:t} ;+em]/ /fhtGqnfO{ r'SnL nufP . sf+u|];leqs} jl/i7 g]tf 8f=t'n;L lu/L, ljZjaGw' yfkfx?n] /fhtGqnfO{ ;fy lbP . ;'j0f{zDz]/ snsQf k'u] . lbNnL b/af/ klg tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL aL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] :jtGqtfl;t /fli6«o lxtnfO{ x]/]/ zf;g rnfpg vf]Hbf cfkm"nfO{ wSsf k/]sf] ;DemL l/;fP/ aL=kL= ;/sf/sf] lj/f]wL aGof] uf]Ko ?kdf . tLgn] ;'j0f{ k|wfgdGqL ag]sf] b]Vg rfxGy] . o; l:yltdf /fhtGq / sDo'lgi6sf] b'O{ sf]0f ldn]sf] x'Fbf g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;/sf/ 9n]sf] xf] . Tof] kl/jt{g tfTsfnLs ;+;bLo ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %% cg';f/ g} ePsf] lyof] . ;fgf] tof/L / s"6gLltn] @)!& ;fn k'; ! sf] 36gf 36]sf] lyPg . To;}n] tTsfn ;kmn /fhfnfO{ ljZjn] g} :6]6:d}g eg]sf dfg]sf x'g\ . of] ;fdfGo /fhgLlt1sf] eGbf dflysf] ;Ddfghgs :t/sf] zAb xf] . /fhf dx]Gb|n] b]ze/sf] e|d0f ul/aS;]sf] lyof] . hgtfn] cfkm\gf] /fhfnfO{ glhsaf6 b]v]/ lrGg] df}sf kfP / /fhfn] rLgdf uP/ g]tf dfcf]T;] t'+u;+u klg e]6 ul/aS;]sf] lyof] . @)!* ;fnsf] g]sf ljb|f]x ;fDo kfl/of], o:t} Oltxf;sf s'/f w]/} 5g\ . t/ klg b]zdf k|hftGqsf] gfpdf lgb{nLo k~rfot w]/} l6Sg ;s]g, hgtfn] krfpg ;s]gg\ .

@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] sdf08/Ldf Oltxf;df ;j{k|yd g]skf ;+o'Qmsf] ;fy kfP/ ;kmn eof] . bf];|f]sf] ;§f egf}+ @))& ;fn / @)!% ;fn kl5 t];|f] k6s g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfn eof] . /fhf sf+u|]; / sDo'lgi6 tLg} kIf ldn]/ /fhLv'zLn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)$& ;fn aGof] . t/ b'ef{Uo xf] ^ jif{ gk'Ub} @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! b]lv g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] eb|uf]nsf] cft+s dRrfpg ;'? u¥of] . h;af6 clxn];Dd em08} ;f9] kfFr xhf/ dflg;sf] Hofg uO;s]sf] 5, $) ca{sf] /fli6«o / JolQmut ;DklQ gfz ePsf] rrf{ 5 . la:yflkt ePsf efufefu / h]ndf k/]sf, c+ue+u ePsf, anfTs[t dlxnfx? ;d]tsf] lx;fa ubf{ ePsf] wghgsf] Iflt slt xf] slt . o:tf] b'i6tf ljt08f qf;bL s;/L eof] < o; clt ljs6 hl6n / u+eL/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s;/L 6'+lug] xf], eljiosf] ue{df lgxLt 5 .

lxhf];Dd dfcf]jfbL lx+;f xTof / cft+s b]zsf] klxnf] hl6n ljs6 / u+eL/ ;d:of ag]sf] lyof] . t/ cfh /fhg}lts t/ntf cl:y/tfn] To;nfO{ :yfgfGt/ u/]sf] 5 . !) jif]{ rqm cg';f/ lgb{nLo k~rfot @)@& ;fnlt/b]lv c? s7f]/ ag]/ æufpF kms]{Æ cleofglt/ cu|;/ eof] . of] c;kmn eP/ @)#& ;fnlt/ hgdt ;+u|xsf] bf}/ rNof], h;af6 ca jflnu dtflwsf/af6 r'gfj x'g] eof] . To;af6 klg hgtfn] k|hftGqsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;s]gg\ . csf]{ bz jif{ @)$^ df hf]8\bf/ hgcfGbf]ng rNof] / ;kmntf klg kfOPs} xf] . To;kl5sf] !) jif]{ rqmdf clxn] xfdL plePsf 5f}+ . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] /fhgLltnfO{ t/fO{JofkL agfPsf] lyof] eg] k~rfotn], kl/0ffd gsf/fTds ePtf klg /fhgLltnfO{ clw/fHosf] ufpF ufpFdf k'¥ofof] . rf/ xhf/ hlt ufpF k~rfot -xfn ;ldlt_df b]z ljeflht eof] .

dfgj ;Eotfsf] ;'?b]lvs} Oltxf;n] eGb}5, ;Qfsf] cfwf/ jf:tjdf zlQm cfhsf] zAbdf egf}+ aGb'sdf x'G5 . æx/]s j:t' aGb'ssf] gfnLn] aG5Æ eGg] dfcf]sf] l;4fGt df}lns x}g . g]skf, dfcf]jfbL xfn sd;]sd s]xL ;do k|ltjlGwt x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 . g]skf g]kfndf @))* ;fnb]lv @)!# ;fn;Dd k|ltjlGwt lyof] . k]?sf uf]+hfnf] s7f]/ h]ndf clxn] klg xfjf vfFb}5g\ . b=k"=Plzof adf{, dn]lzof, yfONof08, O08f]g]lzofdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] nueu z"Go l:ylt 5 . ^% xhf/ hlt dflg; df/]/ klg ln§]n] >Ln+sfdf ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;s]gg\ . o:tf] ljZj dfxf}ndf cft+ssf/L g]tf k|r08, 8f=afa'/fdx? jf:tljs qmflGtsf/L geP/ /fhg}lts h'jf8]x? x'g\ . ltgn] sfo{stf{ / hgtfnfO{ l;9L agfP/ cfkm" ;Qfdf k'Ug dfq rfx]sf x'g\ .

jt{dfg ljZj b'O{ Joj:yf k|hftGq / clwgfosjfbdf dfq ljeflht 5 . cfhsf] o'u zflGt / Pstf k|hftGq / ljsf;sf] o'u xf] . s'g} klg JolQm jf ;d"x clt dxTjfsf+IfL x'g' /fd|f] 5}g . b'O{ xftn] gk'u]/ v'§fn] klg ;Qf :jfb rfVg yfNof], clenfiff /fVof] s;}n] eg] tTsfn ;kmntf xfl;n ePtf klg clGtd kl/0ffd clt gsf/fTds x'g] Oltxf;n] agfPsf] 5, ;fIfL 5 . xfn} ;Qfwf/L g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{leqsf] lvrnf] clt cjf~5gLo 5 . of] b]z hgtf / /fhtGqs} lxt enfO{df 5}g . k|hftGqdf b]zsf] dflns hgtf x'G5g\ . /fhf, sf+u|]; / ;+o'Qm jfdsf] :j]R5fn] NofOPsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)$& ;fnn] ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lgxLt /x]sf] k|i6 5 . ca s] gfgfyl/sf] jxfgf / lts8d u/]/ kN6fpg k¥of] . xfdLn] To;nfO{ b]z ;a}sf] ;femf xf], ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ckl/xfo{ 5 . xfdL ;a} ;Ddfgl;t afFrf}+, gfRg kfcf}+ . ;a}n] o:t} sfdgf u/f}+ . sf]xL klg gxtktfcf}+ . o;/L b]lv+b}5, /fhg}lts lqsf]0ffTds ;+3if{ tLj| x'Fb}5, xfxfdf gnfuf}+ .