;/sf/ gkm]/] cfGbf]ng rlDsg]
;+o'Qm ;+3if{sf] nflu u[xsfo{ M bnx? km'6fpg] k|k~r

/fhfaf6 /fHosf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ vf]:g /fhgLlts bnx? cfGbf]lnt e}/x]sf 5g\ . b]zsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? clxn];Dd ;+o'Qm?kdf g} cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . /fhf lj/f]wL ;ef / efif0fdf hgtfsf] pkl:ylt / cle?lr Jofks x'Fb} uPsf] b]v]kl5 b/af/ cfkm\gf] dfgl;stf / c8fg kl/jt{g ug]{ kIfdf uPsf] cfefif kfOG5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn] / /fk|kfn] ;/sf/ ;lDdlnt x'g] s'/fdf ;xdt ePsf s'g} klg If0f of] ;/sf/ 9Ng ;Sg] l:ylt b]vf k/]sf] 5 eg] /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr rf8} ;xdlt gePdf cfGbf]ng rlDsg] vt/f klg k|jn 5 . k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf d'Vo g]tfx? le8Gtdf plqP/ u0ftGqjfbLnfO{ jn k'¥ofpg' eGbf /fhfl;t ;xdlt u/]/ k|hftGqnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg'{ plrt x'g] ;xdltdf k'u]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn / /fk|kfsf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfaLr o; k|sf/sf] ;xdlt sfod e};s]sf] 5 . cl:t d+unaf/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cu|;/tfdf ToxL kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ePsf] ;j{bnLo a}7sdf ;b\efjgf kf6L{n] ljdlt hgfPtf klg cGo ;a} kf6L{ @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] pknlAwsf] /Iff ug{ lj/f]w sfo{qmd cem tLj|tf;fy cufl8 a9fpg] ;xdltdf k'u]sf lyP . pQm a}7s /fHozlQmsf] ;|f]t hgtf x'g\ / ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lgxLt 5 eGg] ;+j}wflgs dfGotf zfxL 3f]if0ffaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf] lgisif{df k'Uof] . ;f] a}7sn] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] ?k/]vf g} k|:t't ug]{ ;+efjgf lyof] t/ clxn];Dd ;fy lbOcfPsf] ;b\efjgf kf6L{n] c;xdlt hgfPsf] / /fli6«o k|HfftGq kf6L{sf] dxflwj]zg ;+3f/d} cfPsfn] s]xL ;do ;+od ug'{ plrt x'g] lgisif{df a}7s k'Uof] . /fk|kfsf g]tf nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbnfO{ /fhfaf6 cGo kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] ;d]t ;xdltdf k|wfgdGqL agfO{ alS;Psf]n] >L % sf] of] sbdsf] lj/f]w ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] /fk|kfsf Psyl/ sfo{stf{sf] dt 5 . ;Qfsf] :jfb / nfe kfPsf To:tf k"j{ k~rx? clxn] klg ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] :jfy{df k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] cfzfn] b/af/sf] kIfdf plePsf 5g\ . t/ ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] ;dy{g kfpg ;Sg] s'g} sfo{qmd Nofpg g;s]sf] k|=d=rGb cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf s'g} klg g]tf / sfo{stf{nfO{ dGqL agfpg ;kmn gePsf], b/jf/n] k|wfgdGqL kbnfO{ emg\ sdhf]/ kf/]sf] / ;/sf/n] /fk|kfsf] lxtdf s'g} klg sfd ug{ g;s]sf]n] o:tf] ;/sf/nfO{ kf6L{n] af]Sg' kf6L{sf] bL3{sfnLg eljiosf] nflu 3fts x'g] wf/0ff /FVb5g\ . k|=d=rGbn] /fk|kfsf sltko s]Gb|Lo g]tfnfO{ dGqL agfpg] jrg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ k|wfgdGqLs} k/fdz{df agfOPsf] elgPsf] of] dlGqkl/ifb\df /fk|kfsf s'g} klg ;b:on] :yfg kfPgg\ . To;}n] kf6L{sf] ;xdlt j]u/ b/jf/sf] :jfy{sf nflu ;'6'Ss k|wfgdGqL jGg cfkm\gf] g]tf uPsf sf/0fn] dfq kf6L{n] b/af/sf] ljjfbf:kb sbdnfO{ ;dy{g u/]/ hgtfsf] ljZjf; lsg u'dfpg] eGg] k|Zg klg pQm bndf pl7/x]sf] 5 . /fk|kfsf cfd sfo{stf{x? k|hftGqs} kIfdf b]lvG5g\ . pgLx? cfkm"x? sf+u|];eGbf klg k|hftGqjfbL /x]sf] bfjL ;d]t u5{g\ . To;}n] k|hftGqsf nflu cfGbf]ng ug{ sf+u|]; / Pdfn] tof/ ePdf /fk|kf klg ;+nUg x'g OR5's b]lvG5 . t/ d+unjf/ sf+u|];n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] a}7sdf yfkfn] cfGbf]ngsf] s'/fdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] eP dxflwj]zgdf ;/sf/ / b/af/n] cfkm\gf] dfG5] dfkm{t\ lj/f]w u/fO{ ljt08f dRrfpg] ;Defjgf lyof] . csf]{lt/ Pdfn]n] b/af/nfO{ uNtL ;Rofpg lbPsf] Ps dlxg] clN6d]6dsf] cjlw klg ;dfKt e};s]sf] 5}g . Pdfn]n] hgtfnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg ;~rfng u/]sf] klxnf] r/0fsf] sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg e};s]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] klxn] g} 3f]if0ff u/]sf sltko sfo{qmd afFsL g} 5g\ . k'; # ut] emfkfdf of] kf6L{sf] j[xb\ cfd;ef x'Fb}5 eg] To;kl5 ;nf{xL / ?kGb]xLdf klg To:t} ;ef u/L hgtfnfO{ tof/ kfg]{ sfo{qmd jlg;s]sf] 5 . -g]sf ;efklt sf]O/fnf @ ut] lj/f6gu/ hfg], # ut] emfkfsf] cfd;ef ;s]/ sf7df8f}+ cfpg], To;kl5 lghL e|d0fdf lbNnL hfg] sfo{qmd klg alg;s]sf] 5 ._ cfd;efx? ;DkGg e};s]kl5 hgtfsf] cledt a'em\g ljleGg If]qdf v6fOPsf 6f]nLn] kf6L{nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg' kg]{5 . tL k|ltj]bgx?sf] cfwf/df sf+u|];n] efjL /0fgLlt agfpg] 5 . sf+u|]; hgtfaLr lu/]sf] k|lti7f p7fpg tyf lu/]sf] 5 ls ;Rofpg ;QfeGbf ;+3if{lt/} pGd'v 5 . ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd ag]sf] ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ / g]dlskf ;lxtsf jfd kf6L{x?nfO{ ;fy glbg] s'/} 5}g . o;/L ;+3if{sf] ;+o'Qm sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff k|fljlws sf/0fn] dfq gePsf] xf] . olb k'; !% ut];Dd klg /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr ;xdlt ePg cyjf ;/sf/sf] :j?k km]l/Pg eg] b]zdf /fi6«JofkL?kn] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng rlDsg c;+ej 5}g . /fhgLlts bnx? ;+o'Qm ;+3if{sf] ;Gbe{df cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 lgjf{x ug]{ e"ldsf af/] u[xsfo{df h'l6;s]sf 5g\ .

d+unjf/sf] ;j{bnLo a}7sdf g]sf ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] ;+;b\sf] k'g:yf{kgf / ;+3if{sf] s'/f a9L p7fpg' ePsf] lyof] eg] kf6L{sf] dxflwj]zgsf] s'/fdf ;j{bnLo a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g' eP/ /fk|kfsf cWoIf yfkfn] cfkm" hgtfsf] kIfdf pleg] k|ltj4tf :ki6 ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . t/ Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn pQm a}7sdf pxfFn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lbO{ cfpg' ePsf /fhf lj/f]wL cleJolQmeGbf leGg ?kdf k|:t't x'g'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] a}7ssf] cGTodf t'?Gt} ;+3if{df hfg gx'g] l:ylt klg gx'g ;Qm5, k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yf{kgf x'g klg ;Qm5 eGb} cfkm\gf] ljZn]if0f af/] 5'§} s'/f ug]{ ;+s]t ug'{eof] . a'wjf/ sf]O/fnf lgjf;df g]tf qoaLr 5nkmn eof] . ToxfF g]kfnn] dxf/fhflw/fh jt{dfg ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{ / sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ 5f]8\g tof/ e} aS;]sf] hfgsf/L cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] atfpFb} b/af/n] cfkm"x?;+u ;xof]u dfu]sf] atfpg' eof] . pxffn] /fhf, cfkm"NffO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg klg tof/ ePsf] ;"rgf k|jflxt klg ug'{eof] . k|To'Q/df sf]O/fnfn] dxf;lrj g]kfnnfO{ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfPdf cfkm"nfO{ s'g} cfklQ gx'g] atfpFb} eGg'eof]— t/ b/af/sf] e/f];f 5}g, clxn] kf6L{x?nfO{ km'6fpg] gLlt b/af/n] agfP h:tf] 5 . lj/f]wLnfO{ km'6fp / /fHo u/ eGg] gLlt ckgfP h:tf] 5 . clxn] kf6L{sf dfG5] tfGg] sf]lz; x'Fb}5 o;}u/L ef]ln xfdLaLrs} Pstfdf klg kmf6f] kfg]{ sf]lz; x'g ;Qm5 . /fhfnfO{ ;xof]u t ug'{k5{, k|hftGq dfl;g lbg' x'Fb}g t/ xfdL rgfvf] rflx+ /xg' k5{ . /fk|kf cWoIf yfkfn] o; k|;+udf vf; l6Kk0fL gu/L eGg'eof]— d ef]ln dxflwj]zg ;lsPkl5 o;af/] af]N5' . t/ pxfF sf]O/fnfs} efjgfl;t a9L lgs6 b]lvg'x'GYof] . Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnaLr rf8} e]6 x'g] cfzf Pdfn]sf] pRr ;"qn] u/]sf] 5 .

o;aLr sf+u|];, Pdfn] / g]sf k|hftflGqsn] u/]sf cfd;efx?df hgtfsf] Jofks pkl:ylt /x\of] . tL sfo{qmddf b]lvPsf] hg;xeflutfn] klg /fhgLlts bnx? ;+o'Qm?kdf cfd ;+3if{df plqP eg] ;/sf/L zlQm / ;+oGqn] Tof] k|lt/f]w yfDg g;Sg] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . zfxL sbdsf] lj?4 cfof]hgf ePsf sfo{qmddf Pp6f kf6L{n] csf]{ kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 / ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfGbf]ng x'g ;Sg] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f e}/x]sf] 5 .

Psflt/ /fhf lj?4 hgdt jGb} u}/x]sf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ ;/sf/n] dxf/fhflw/fhnfO{ klg lg/fz t'Nofpg yfn]sf] cfef; kfOG5 .

>L % af6 sfd ul//x]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ c;Ifd eGb} lj36g u/L cfkm}+n] u7g u/]sf] nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] ;/sf/sf dGqLx? >L % s} nflu klg 3fF8f] x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . bf]>f] k6s lj:tfl/t ePsf] dlGqkl/ifb\ @) lbg klg gk'Ub} s]xLnfO{ 5f8]/ k|foM ;a} e'O{+ g ef8f] ePsf / cGTotM >L % sf] 5gf}6k|lt cfd?kd} k|Zg p7\g yfn]kl5 df};"km ;/sf/n] ;fd"lxs ?kdf k|wfgdGqL ;d]t ;a} dGqLnfO{ Ps 7fpFdf /fv]/ ;a}sf ;fd' ;a}nfO{ xKsfpg' kg]{ l:ylt olt l56} plAh;s]sf] cj:yfn] klg ToxL s'/f atfpF5 . ut zlgaf/ k|wfgdGqL ;lxt ;a}dGqLnfO{ b/jf/df hnkfgsf nflu eg]/ lgDtf ul/of] . hnkfgsf nflu /f}l;b} / xf}l;b} b/jf/ k'u]sf dGqLx?n] pN6f] xKsL vfP/ kmls{P . >L % af6 ;f]em} / ;+ljwfg ;d]tnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L lgo'Qm ul/Psf dGqLx?n] of] a]nf;Dddf cfkm" s'g} bf]>f] ;+;f/af6 cfPsf] ljz]if dflg; egL dfgdof{bf / lzi6tf ;d]tnfO{ nTofpFb} ;xfos dGqL klg cfkm"nfO{ k|wfgdGqL h:t} 7fg]/ 7fpF a]7fpF ljlrqsf lrqx? k|bz{g ul//x]sf lyP . dGqLx?sf] sfd, :jfut vfg', efif0f ug'{, /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf g]tfnfO{ ufnL ug'{ / hlt a9L To:tf] u¥of] cfkm\gf] 5gf}6sf] cf}lrTo ToxL ?kdf k'i6L x'g] 7fGg' dGqLx?sf :jfefljs lbg rrf{ e};s]sf lyP . k|wfgdGqLn] af]n]sf] s'/fnfO{ dGqLx?n] v08g ug]{, Pp6f dGqLn] af]n]sf] s'/fnfO{ csf]{ dGqLn] cf}lrToxLg ;fljt ug]{ / :jo+ cfkm" ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xdf Pp6f s'/f ug]{ / ef]lnkN6 cfkm}+n] ;/sf/L ;fwg ;|f]tsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ v08g ug]{ o:tf] dlGqkl/ifb\ o;cl3 slxNo} b]lvPsf] lyPg . /fhfs} nflu klg dGqLx?sf of] Jojxf/ nfhdbf]{ x'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og . gofF dfq xf]Og k'/fgf dGqLx?n] rf}tkmL{ ?kdf cfkm" xf:osf] kfq ePsf] yfxf kpFbf–kfpFb} klg cfkm\gf] jfgL, Jojxf/ / z}nLnfO{ ;Rofpg vf]h]sf] b]lvPg . dGqLsf o:tf Jojxf/x? To;}a]nf ;fj{hlgs gePsf eg] xf]Og . o;aLrdf y'k|} l6sf l6Kk0fL cfO;s]sf lyP . t/ klg dGqLx?n] cem l;+uf] ;/sf/n] g} cfkm\gf] d"n bfloTj tkm{ Wofg lbPgg\ . ;/sf/ u7g x'Fbf >L % af6 :ki6 ‘lgb]{zg’ aS; ePsf] lyof] . tL % a'FbfdWo] ;/sf/n] Pp6f;Dd sfd u/]/ b]vfpg ;s]g . ;/sf/ lgdf{0f x'Fbf /fli6«o ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f agfpg] eGg] Dof08]6 lbOPsf] lyof] . t/ em08} b'O{ dlxgfsf] ;do cjlwdf ;/sf/n] ;j{bnLo ;xdltsf nflu kxn;Dd u/]g dfq xf]Og pN6f] dGqL kb / ltgsf d~rx? bnnfO{ ufnL ug{d} k|of]u x'g] u/] . b/af/nfO{ l/emfPkl5 cfkm\gf] of]Uotf k|dfl0ft x'g] emg\ emg\ rls{b} uof] . cGToGtM >L % af6 dGqLx?nfO{ eGg} k¥of]— bn / ltgsf g]tfx?sf] ckdfg ug]{ sfo{ ug'{ x'Fb}g .

x/]s dGqLx? PSnfPSn} :jtGq ?kdf ljr/0f u/]/ g} lbg ljtfO/x]sf 5g\ . oL lbgdf sDtLdf ;/sf/ stflt/ nfUb}5 eGg] ;+s]t;Dd t kfOg' kg]{ xf] . o; cl3sf s'g} klg ;/sf/n] cfkm" lgdf{0f x'gf;fy s]xL g s]xL cfzf hufpy] . Tof] s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] xf];\ ls lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf], dgdf]xgsf] xf];\ ls z]/axfb'/sf] ltgLx? ;/sf/df k'Ugf;fy b]z / hgtf ;fd' ltgn] s]xL g s]xL lh1f;f pAHofpg] g} u/]sf] lyP . >L % af6 c;Ifd 3f]lift ePsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] bf];|f] k6s k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ePs} ef]lnkN6 o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ b]zJofkL ?kdf cfzfsf] nx/ pAHofPsf lyP . t/ b'O{ dlxgf ljlt;Sbf of] ;/sf/n] Pp6f;Dd klg To:tf] cfzf hufpg ;s]g . /fhfsf] cl:tTj;+u k|ToIf?kn] ufFl;Psf] ;/sf/sf] of] z}nLn] /fh;+:yfk|lt g} s:tf] wf/0ff agfpg] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] k|Zg htftt} plAhg yfn]sf 5g\ .

dGqLx?sf sfd eg]sf clxn];Dd efif0f, efif0fkl5 v08g / km]l/ efif0f / km]l/ v08g oltd} ;Lldt 5g\ . dlGqkl/ifb\ leq >L % af6 tf]s]sf] dof{bfqmd;Ddsf] klg pNn+3g ePsf ;dfrf/x? ;fj{hlgs e}/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ug}{ kg]{ b}lgs Joj:yfkg klg ljb]zLn] cfP/ ul/lbg'kg]{ eGg];Ddsf cleJolQmx? dGqLaf6 ;fj{hlgs e}/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf ljt]sf oL lbgdWo] s'g} dGqfnoaf6 hgtfn] ;+emgf /fVg' kg]{ u/L s] /fxt k|fKt eof] eGg vf]lhof] eg] Pp6f klg kfOb}g . cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] gLlt / sfo{qmdnfO{ aLraLrdf lems]/ ‘/fxt’ egL atfOof] . t/ ;j{;fwf/0fn] Tof] /fxtnfO{ Pslbg;Dd klg ;+emgfdf /fVg ;s]gg\ . ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] g} To;nfO{ 3f]if0ff ug]{ dfq ljifo agfPsf] lyof] eGg] cfkm}+ k|i6 5 . olt yf]/} lbgdf ;/sf/n] u/]sf] sfd eg] tLg j6f cWofb]z hf/L ug'{ / dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ug'{ /x\of] . o;aLr ;/sf/sf sfdn] rflx+ >L % nfO{ g} a9L ;'ljwf yk]sf] eGg] of] Pp6f k|;+un] dfq klg >L % sf] nf]slk|otfdf gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] 5 . t/ dGqLx?nfO{ k|lti7fk|lt s'g} rf;f] b]lvGg .

clxn] /fhb/af/k|lt ljleGg cf/f]kx? nflu/x]sf 5g\ . kf6L{x?sf] ;/sf/ x'Fbf /fhb/jf/ ;DaGwL st}af6 s'g} s'/f p7]df ;DalGwt ;/sf/sf k|d'vx?n] u+eL/ cf/f]k nfu] klg cfkm}+ cufl8 ;/]/ v08g ub{y] / ;DalGwt ljifodf k|i6 kfb{y] . t/ :jo+ >L % sf] ljj]saf6 ag]sf] ;/sf/n] kf6L{sf ;/sf/n] ug]{ hlt sfd klg Tof] ;+:yfk|lt gu/]sf] ljj/0fx?n] b]vfpF5g\ . slt;Dd eg] sfo{sfl/0fL sxfF 5 eGg];Ddsf] ljifodf klg k|wfgdGqL / dGqLx?n] oltsf lbg;Dd ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;xdt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . a? dGqLx?s} egfOaf6 of] ljifo emg\ cGof}nk"0f{ aGb} uPsf] 5 .

c;Ifdtf ls /0fgLlt <

xl/x/ lj/xL

/fhgLlts bnx? v'Ng / v]Ng kfpg' dfq ‘k|hftGq’ xf]Og . /fhf lj?4 efif0f ug]{ / n]Vg] :jtGqtfn] dfq k|HfftGqnfO{ ‘k"0f{’ ub}{g . c? h] :jtGqtf eP klg hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/ gePsf] cj:yf z+sf / ;jfnsf] 3]/fdf k5{ . hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;'lDkg] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfgn] u}/ lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] kl/sNkgf;Dd u/]sf] 5}g . cjlw k'u]/ jf s'g} sf/0fn] k|ltlglw;ef lj3l6t x'g] ePdf t'?Gt} csf]{ lgjf{rgsf] ltly 3f]if0ff ul/g' kb{5 / k|ltlglw;ef gePsf] l:ylt ^ dlxgfeGbf nfdf] x'g' x'Fb}g . tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf Tof] ;+j}wflgs lhDd]bf/L k"/f ug{ ‘c;Ifd’ 3f]lift x'g'ePkl5 /fhfaf6 :jo+ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ u|x0f u/L s]xL lbg kZrft\ :jljj]sn] gofF ;/sf/ u7g ul/alS;of] / dlGqkl/ifb\ ;+rfng ;DaGwL lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/fO{ o; cl3 hglgjf{lrt dlGqkl/ifb\n] pkof]u ul/cfPsf sltko :jtGqtf s6f}tL u/L k|zf;lgs lg0f{odf klg /fhfsf] k"j{ ;xdlt clgjfo{ u/fOalS;of] . Psflt/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] dfGotf / /fh;+:yfsf] dof{bf k|lts"n x'g] o; k|sf/sf sfo{ eP eg] csf]{lt/ hglgjf{lrt lgsfox?/lxt l:ylt nDAofpg] nIf0f ;/sf/df a:g]x?sf] Jojxf/n] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . /fhfaf6 ‘oyfzL3| lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/L ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{’ egL ;/sf/nfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg / hgtfn] kfPsf] jrg xfQLsf] ‘b]vfpg] bfFt’ h:tf] ePsf] 5 . dGqLx?sf xfnsf sltko cleJolQmx?n] klg oxL cfz+sfnfO{ k'i6L ul//x]sf 5g\ .

r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfd ;/sf/sf] xf] . cfkm"n] tf]s]sf] ;dodf r'gfj ;DkGg x'g] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'{ tyf lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ kof{Kt ;fwg ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg' ;/sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ldltdf x'g] r'gfjdf bnx?n] efu lng' kb{5 . ltly tf]Sg] jf sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{df cfkm\gf] ;xeflutf ePg eg]/ st} klg s'g} klg bnn] r'gfj jlxisf/ ub}{g . To:tf] sf/0fn] s'g} bnn] r'gfjdf efu lnPg eg] To;sf nflu ;/sf/ bf]ifL 7xb}{g . r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfddf ;/sf/n] k|ltkIf;+u ;xof]u dfUb}g . / sbflrt r'gfj x'g ;s]g eg] To;sf] lhDd]bf/L k|ltkIfn] ln+b}g . b]zsfn kl/l:yltsf] ;a}eGbf a9L hfgsf/L /fVg] cflwsfl/s lgsfo ;/sf/ g} ePsf]n] s'g a]nf r'gfj pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] 7x/ ;/sf/n] g} ug'{kb{5 . r'gfjsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{, jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;fwg;|f]t hDdf ug]{ sfd ‘r'gfjL ;/sf/’sf] k|fylds bfloTjleq kb{5 . t/ of] ;/sf/n] cfkm"n] r'gfjsf] ldlt gtf]s]sf]df /fhgLltsx?nfO{ lhDd]bf/ 7x¥ofpg vf]Hb}5 . ;/sf/df /x]sf k|d'v JolQmx? klg ‘/fhgLlts bnx?n] tf]s]sf] ldltdf r'gfj u/fpg]’, ‘c? bn d~h'/ eP ;s];Dd l5§} u/fpg]’, ‘c? bnx?l;t s'/fsfgL u/]/ ToxL cg';f/ ldlt tf]lsg] 5’, ‘xfdL t j}zfvd} r'gfj u/fpg klg tof/ 5f}+’ eg]/ cfkm\gf] cIfdtfsf] ;fj{hlgs k|bz{g dfq ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] sdhf]/Ln] dfq o;f] elg/x]sf x'g\ ls jblgot 9fSg] /0fgLlt xf] of], ljrf/0fLo 5 . c;Ifdtf jf /0fgLlt h] eP tfklg r'gfjsf] nflu ePsf] of] l9nfO{n] !* c;f]hsf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] k5fl8 lgxLt efjgfnfO{ klg :kz{ ul//x]sf] 5 . hglgjf{lrt

lgsfo u7g x'g hlt l9nf] x'G5, Tolt g} /fhfsf] lgotdfly z+sf pl7/xg] 5 . ;/sf/sf] cIfdtfsf sf/0fn] ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf sfdsf] pQ/bfloTj sfo{sf/L clwsf/ cfkm"n] /fv];Dd /fhfn] g} Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 c;f]h !* ut] hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ s;}sf] l;kmfl/zdf jvf{:t ul/aS;]sf] xf]Og . s;}sf]

l;kmfl/zdf ePsf] eP To;sf] lhDd]jf/L l;kmfl/zstf{n] lng' kYof]{, lng] lyof] . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf /fhfn] s'g} klg lg0f{o s;}sf] l;kmfl/zdf dfq ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf]n] ‘/fhfn] uNtL ub}{gg\’ eGg] dfGotf :yflkt ePsf] xf] . To;f] ubf{ s'g} unt sbd rflnof] eg] klg s;}n] klg /fhfnfO{ bf]if lb+b}g . t/ xfn ePsf sfo{x?sf] lhDd]bf/L af]Sg sf]xL tof/ 5}g . ca @)!& ;fn kmls{g] eof], kf6L{ k|ltjlGwt / g]tfx? lu/km\tf/ x'g] eP egL pT;flxt ePsf] e'OFkm'§fx?sf] 8km\kmf klg ;/sf/sf] :j?k / bnx?sf] c8fg b]Vgf;fy n'Kt eP . cflv/ clxn] klg /fhf, b/af/ / ;/sf/n] bnx?sf] ;xof]u dfUg' kl//x]sf] 5 ÛÛ z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ ;QfRo't u/L sfo{sf/L clwsf/ :jo+ u|x0f ul/alS;bf dxf/fhflw/fh ^ dlxgfleq k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg' kg]{ ;+ljwfgsf] efjgfaf6 cjZo g} cgle1 xf]OaS;Gg lyof] . /fhfaf6 Tof] sbd rfNbf ;a}n] rfF8} zflGt ;'/Iff sfod x'g], dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ldNg] / /fli6«o ;xdlt sfod u/L cljnDa r'gfj ul/g] cfzf u/]sf lyP . t/ Ps ;ftfd} Tof] cfzfdf t'iff/fkft eof] . tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf] sf/0fn] ;+j}wflgs k|lqmof cj?4 ePsf]df /fhfaf6 /fli6«o ;xdltsf] efjgf /fv]/ k|d'v bnx?sf] ;xof]u;fy jfwf c8\sfp km'sfO{ /fHo ;+rfng ug]{ sfd /fhgLlt1x?nfO{ g} ;'lDkg] ;§f cfkm}+ æ/fhgLltÆ ug{ cu|;/ eP kl5 pTkGg åGån] kl/l:yltnfO{ emg\ hl6n agfpb}5 . o':dxf/fhflw/fhåf/f ul7t ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?af6 dfGotf ;d]t gkfpg' cyjf /fhfn] cGo /fhgLlts bnx?n] dfGotf g} glbg] k|s[ltsf] dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g ug'{ Pp6f lj8Djgf g} xf] . /fhgLlts bnx?n] dfGotf glbPsf], :jLsf/ gu/]sf] / sfo{sf/L clwsf/ klg gkfPsf] ;/sf/nfO{ s;n] k|hftflGqs eG5 < cfkm}+n], :jljj]sn] k|wfgdGqL / dGqLx? lgo'Qm ug]{ /fhtGqnfO{ s;n] ;Da}wflgs /fhtGq dfG5 < o;/L /fh;+:yfn] ljut !@ jif{sf] ;+odk"0f{ cEof; / ;Gt'lnt Jojxf/af6 cfh{g u/]sf] k|lti7f u'dfpg'sf ;fy} s7f]/ cfnf]rgf / cljZjf; em]Ng' kl//x]sf] 5 . ha;Dd hglgjf{lrt jf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? ;lDdlnt ;/sf/ u7g eP/ /fhfaf6 sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ x:tfGt/0f x'Fb}g, To;a]nf;Dd of] ljjfbsf] cGo x'g] 5}g .

;/sf/n] r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]Sof] eg] s'g kf6L{n] efu ln+b}g < of] eGbf cft+sk"0f{ jftfj/0f / cfk;df s6'tfo'Qm ;DaGw /x]sf] cj:yfdf b]pjf ;/sf/n] r'gfj u/fpFbf klg ;a} bn To;df ;xefuL x'g] ePsf lyP . sf+u|]; ljefhgsf sf/0fn] r'gfjkl5 cfkm" ;Qfdf cfpg] ljZjf;n] Pdfn]n] b]pjfsf] lg0f{onfO{ ;xif{ :jfut u/]sf] lyof] eg] /fk|kf klg s]xL ;L6 ylkg] cfzfn] r'gfjsf] d}bfgdf bf}l8;s]sf] lyof] . Tof] r'gfjaf6 ;a}eGbf a9L xfgL x'g] dflgPsf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; klg r'gf}tL :jLsf/ ug{ tof/ lyof] . ;/sf/sf] tof/L, Ifdtf / lgotdf z+sf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]=sf=n] r'gfjsf] k|f/lDes r/0fsf nflu pDd]bjf/ to u/]/ 5f]6f] ;dod} l6s6 ;lxt 7fpF–7fpFdf cfkm\gf k|TofzL k'¥ofO;s]sf] lyof] . /fhfjfbL dflgg] tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] ;j{bnLo a}7ssf] cf8 lnP/ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt k/ g;f/]sf] eP dWofjlw r'gfj ;DkGg eO;Sg] lyof] . r'gfjsf] tof/L ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 ;/sf/ g} lgjf{rg :yugsf] lg0f{odf k'Ug' /x:osf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . Tof] lgjf{rg :yug bf]if tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqLn] Joxf]g'{ k/] em}+ clxn] r'gfj ug{ l9nfO{ ePsf] lhDd]bf/L /fHosf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ;Dxfn]sf] sf/0fn] /fhfdfly g} hfg]5 . t/ csf]{ gSsnL cfzf hufpg ;/sf/ km]g]{ sfd dfq x'g] t x}g < /fhf dx]Gb|n] 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{nfO{ r'gfj u/fpg g;s]sf] bf]if jf]sfO{ x6fPsf] Oltxf; ;a}nfO{ Yffxf 5 . dflg;x? Oltxf; bf]xf]l/g] xf] ls eg]/ ;z+lst 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] cg'xf/ kl/jt{gn] dfq ;d:of / ;+s6sf] lgbfg x'g] 5}g . cGof}n ;dfKt ug{sf nflu dxf/fhflw/fh hgtfnfO{ g} lg0ff{os 7fGg] dfgl;stfsf;fy k|:t't x'g'kb{5 / /fhfsf] k"j{ k|ltj4tf cg'?k ‘oyfzL3| lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/L k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{’ sfo{nfO{ ljZj;gLo 9+un] cl3 a9fOg' kb{5 . cGoyf jt{dfg dlGqd08nsf] sdhf]/L, st{Jotf / xf:of:kb rl/qnfO{ klg dflg;n] ;'lgof]lht /0fgLlt 7fGg c;+ej 5}g .

/fk|kf k|ltudg lj?4 nfUg]

/fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf] kf]v/fdf rfn" dxflwj]zg cfGtl/s g]t[Tj rog nufot kf6L{n] cfufdL lbgx?df cjnDag ug]{ gLltx? to ug]{ tkm{ ;d]t s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . dxflwj]zgdf /fhfsf] ;lqmo g]t[Tj ls ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq eGg] ljifodf rsf]{ ljjfb b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ ;lqmo g]t[Tjsf kIfw/x? w]/} sdhf]/ /x]sf 5g\ / cfkm\gf] s'/f k|5Gg ?kdf dfq /flv/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? /fhfsf] ;lqmo g]t[Tjsf] kIfdf s'/f /fVg] jftfj/0f gb]v] kl5 zfxL sbdsf] kIfdf jsfnt ug]{ dfgl;stfsf;fy k|:t't x'Fb}5g\ eg] csf]{ kIf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf b[9tfsf;fy plePsf] 5 . cGtdf ;lqmo /fhtGqsf kIfw/x? g/fd|f];+u ljkmn x'g] :ki6 e};s]sf] 5 .

ljdz{ ;Djfbbftf cg';f/, lxhf] kf]v/f /+uzfnfdf ljzfn hg;d"xaLr dxflwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf k|ltudg lj?4 s8f 9+un] k|:t't x'g'eof] . pxfFsf] zAbdf eGbf :j/ / d'b|f pQ]hgfk"0f{ b]lvGYof] . cWoIf yfkfn] cfkm" b/af/sf] clxn]sf] sbd / k|ltudg lj?4 /x]sf] s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lb+b} eGg'eof]— æ/fk|kf k|ltudgsf] gfOs] aGg ;Sb}g .Æ k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] sfo{z}nLk|lt c;xdlt k|s6 ub}{ yfkfn] eGg'eof]— æo:tf] lkmtnf] tl/sfaf6 sfd rNb}g .Æ ;/sf/sf] sf/jfxLk|lt c;Gt'i6L JoQm ub}{ yfkfn] oxL k|sf/n] ;/sf/ cl3 a9\g] xf] / To;nfO{ xfd|f] k|wfgdGqL 5 eg]/ 5'6 lbg] xf] eg] kf6L{ g} tx;–gx; x'g] ;+s]t ug'{eof] . cWoIf yfkfn] sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof]– k|hftGqsf] af6f]df nfUg] ls k|ltudglt/ nfUg] < s'g af6f] lng] xf] eg]/ oxL clwj]zgn] to ug'{k5{ . j}slNks k|hftflGqs zlQm aGgsf nflu g} /fk|kfsf] hGd ePsf] xf] .

cfd;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb klg pbf/ / ;Gt'lnt ?kdf k|:t't x'g'eof] . pxfFn] of] l:yltsf] nflu cfkm" lhDd]bf/ gePsf] ;kmfO{ lb+b} ;a} bnsf] ;xdltdf x'g] lg0f{o cfkm"nfO{ dfGo x'g] jrgj4tf JoQm ug'{eof] . pxfFn] ;+ljwfg / jt{dfg ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf s'g} k|sf/sf] kl/jt{g gx'g] ljZjf; lbnfpg] k|oTg ug'{eof] .

/fk|kfsf] of] dxflwj]zgdf ;'/Iffsf sf/0fn] s'g} klg ljb]zL k|ltlglwnfO{ lgDTofOPsf] lyPg . g]sfsf] tkm{af6 k|jQmf ch'{g/l;+x s]=;L=n], Pdfn]af6 g]t[ ;fxgf k|wfgn], g]sf k|hftflGqsaf6 s]=;= cd//fh s}gLn] / ;b\efjgf kf6L{af6 k|jQmf d'lQmgfy d08nn] z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

cf}krfl/s k|ltj4tf

dxflwj]zgdf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] k/fdz{sf;fy k|:t't ePsf] / /fk|kf s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7sn] ;j{;Ddltaf6 kfl/t u/]sf] /fhgLlts k|:tfjdf æk|HfftGqk|lt cljrlnt k|ltj4tfÆ JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . /fk|kfleqsf] pbf/jfbL v]dfn] tof/ kf/]sf] / dxfdGqL kz'kltzDz]/ /f0ffn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] pQm k|:tfjdf :ki6 zAbdf elgPsf] 5— æhgtfdf lgxLt ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo k|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjLo d"Nok|lt /fk|kf dg, jrg, sd{n] k|ltj4 /xg] 5 .Æ

/fk|kfsf] k|:tfjdf elgPsf] 5— æax'bnLo k|hftGq k'gM:yf{kgfkl5sf] ljut !@ jif{sf] cjlwdf k|fKt ePsf pknlAwx? lgZro g} ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}gg\ . tyflk /fhg}lts kIfsf] csd{0otfsf] kl/0ffdaf6 l;lh{t ;d:of / c;kmntfx?nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ g]kfndf k|hftGq kmfKb}g eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg vf]Hg' tyf /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ pk]Iff ug{ vf]Hg' cToGt hf]lvdk"0f{ x'g]5 .Æ

æs]xL c;kmntfx?sf jfjh'b PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL lgM;Gb]x k|hftGq / pbf/jfbsf] o'u x'g]5 . olb k|hftGqnfO{ xfdLn] d'n'ssf] ;fdflhs, P]ltxfl;s oyfy{sf] cfwf/df kl/dfh{g ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] g]kfndf k|hftGq hLljt dfq xf]Og ;'b[9 ;d]t x'Fb} hfg]5 eGb{} k|:tfjdf elgPsf] 5– j:t'tM clwgfosjfbL ;Qfx?n] s]xL ;dosf] nflu ljsf; / ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf s]xL pknlAw k|fKt u/] tfklg cGttf]uTjf cl:y/tf / e|i6frf/sf] ef;df ;lhn} km:g ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . lsgeg] u}/–k|hftflGqs k4ltdf klg ;/sf/ t /xG5, t/ hgd'vL / e/kbf]{ ;'zf;gsf lgldQ lgtfGt cfjZos ;+:Yff, k|lqmof / dfGotfx? To:tf] Joj:yfdf ;j{yf cefj /xG5 .Æ

pQm k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5— æsfd / k|ltkmn qmflGtsf/L efif0f / if8\oGqaf6 k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . j}rfl/s ?kdf cndlnPsf] Pj+ å}w dfgl;stfsf lzsf/ ePsf hdftn] /fi6«nfO{ cu|ufdL lbzftkm{ cled'v ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . l;4fGtdf jt{dfg Joj:yfnfO{ bL3{sfnLg clei6 k|flKt ug{ e¥ofªsf] ?kdf u|x0f ug{] clg Jojxf/df eg] 3f]/ cj;/jfbL sfo{gLlt cjnDag ug]{x?af6 d'n'ssf] lxt ;Dj4{g x'G5 eGg] kl/sNkgf ug'{ 7"nf] e"n x'g]5 . ;':ki6 ljrf/, ;Ifd g]t[Tj, OdfGbfl/tfk"0f{ sfof{Gjog Pj+ cljrlnt nugzLntf g} sfd / k|ltkmnnfO{ Uof/]06L ug]{ cfwf/ x'g\ .

æoyfl:yltaf6 d'lQm rfxg] g]kfnL hgtf clxn] d'n's xfFSg ;Sg] bx|f] / ;Ifd ljsNksf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . /fk|kf :jefjtM Tof] ljsNk aGg ;Sb5 Æ– /fk|kfsf] dxflwj]zgsf] lg:sif{ 5 .

pDd]bjf/x?

/fk|kfsf] t]>f] dxflwj]zgdf nflu cWoIf kbdf kz'kltzDz]/ /f0ff, 8f=k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL / /jLGb|gfy zdf{ pDd]bjf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . dxflwj]zgaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] @@ hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf nflu %% hgfsf] pDd]bjf/L k/]sf] 5 . cfh ljxfg & ah]b]lv ( ah];Dd pDd]bjf/L btf{ ug]{ ;do /x]sfn] of] ;+Vof cem}+ a9\g] lglZrt 5 .

s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf pDd]bjf/L lbg]x?df sdn yfkf, hf]ud]x/ >]i7, kb\d;'Gb/ nfjtL, hoGt rGb, afnf/fd 3lt{du/, a;Gtdfgl;+x clwsf/L, sdn hf]zL, ;"o{axfb'/ s];L, df]xg/fh dNn, v]d/fh kl08t, /fdrGb| /fo, k/z'/fd vfk'·, s]bf/ sf]O/fnf, /]0f' ofbj, b'uf{ >]i7, o1]Zj/L zfx, e'jg kf7s, hut uf}rg, w|'jaxfb'/ k|wfg, k|ltef /f0ff, ljqmd kf08], /f]zg sfsL{, OGb|k|;fb 9'+u]n, ;j]{Gb|gfy z'Sn, a'l4dfg tfdfª, bLks af]xf]/f nufotsf pDd]bjf/sf] lhTg] alnof] ;+efjgf 5 .

yfkf / rGb M sf] stf <

/fk|kfsf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf / k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb Ps csf{sf k|ltåGåL h:tf b]lvG5g\ eg] sltko k|;+udf b'a}sf] ;dfg b[li6sf]0f kfOG5 . rfn" dxflwj]zgsf] ;Gbe{df pxfFx?sf] s] wf/0ff 5 < sf] stflt/ 5g\ < o; kl/k|]Iodf lxhf] kf]v/fdf Clif wdnfn] yfkf / rGb;+u lng' ePsf] cGt/jftf{–

;"o{axfb'/ yfkf, cWoIf

á nfdf] ;do /fk|kfsf] cWoIf /x]/ tkfO{+ ef]lnb]lv kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj bf];|f] k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ub}{ x'g'x'G5, o;aLrsf cg'ej s:tf /x] <

– /fk|kfnfO{ k|hftflGqs d"n k|jfxdf Nofpg w]/} b'Mv kfOof] . ef}lts cfqmd0f / ;}4flGts ;+3if{;+u h'em\b} cfh /fk|kfnfO{ k|hftflGqs 5ljo'Qm agfpg xfdL ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ . kf6L{NffO{ of] cj:yfdf Nofpg 9'+ufd'9f vfOPg ls < ckx]ngf ;lxPg ls < o;sf] nfdf] syf 5 . t/ /fk|kfk|lt

hgtfsf] h'g cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5, To;af6 d}n] ljutsf lk8fx?nfO{ ljl;{Psf] 5' . kf6L{nfO{ k|hftflGqs w/ftndf :yflkt u/fpg ca o;sf] g]t[Tj bf];|f] k':tfdf hfFb}5 . of] /fd|f] s'/f xf] .

á ;lqmo /fhtGq of ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq < /fk|kfn] ca s'g wf/ ;dfpnf <

– lgZro klg /fk|kfn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] wf/ ;dfTg] 5 . /fk|kf hGdb} k|hftflGqs kf6L{sf] ?kdf hlGdPsf] xf] . ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf kf6L{ ;bf cl8u /xg] 5, sf]xL ljrlnt x'g vf]H5 eg] clxn] eO/x]sf] dxflwj]zgn] ;xL ‘6«ofs’df Nofpg] 5 .

á oxL d'2fn] ubf{ /fk|kf km]l/ ljeflht x'g] t xf]Og <

– dnfO{ nfU5, o; ljifodf kf6L{df s'g} dte]b 5}g . ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf ;a} :ki6 5g\, kf6L{ :ki6 5 . kf6L{sf] ‘k|hftflGqs 5lj’ jrfpb} cufl8 a9\g dxflwj]zg ;fy{s x'g]5 . clxn] /fhf / bnx?aLr pTkGg 6s/fjnfO{ ;xdltdf Nofpg /fk|kfsf] sfFwdf emg\ uxg lhDd]jf/L ylkPsf] 5 .

á kf6L{sf] efjL cWoIf kbdf tkfO{+ s;nfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <

– ha d cfkm}+n] g]t[Tj bf];|f] k':tfnfO{ ;'lDkP/ rf}8f 5flt b]vfO/x]sf] 5' eg] s'g} Ps pDd]bjf/sf] kIfdf nfu]/ d ;+s'lrt x'G5' < ;a}k|lt d]/f] z'e]R5f 5 . d dxflwj]zg cjlwe/ ‘lgikIf’ g} /xg] 5' . gofF g]t[Tj r'Gg] sfd sfo{stf{sf] xf] . of] pgLx?sf] clwsf/ klg xf] .

á /f0ff, nf]xgL / zdf{dWo] tkfO{+sf] pQ/flwsf/L sf] xf] t <

– klxnf] s'/f t d of] pQ/flwsf/L eGg] s'/fd} ljZjf; ulb{g . sfo{stf{ dfem hf] v/f] ?kdf pqg ;S5, p;}n] kf6L{ xfFS5 . kf6L{sf ;a} sfo{stf{;+u d]/f] ;dfg ;DaGw 5 . s;}nfO{ glhs / s;}nfO{ 6f9f /fVg] sfd daf6 x'Fb}g .

á cWoIf kbdf ;j{;Ddlt lsg ePg <

– ;a{;Ddt ePsf] eP /fd|f] x'GYof], ca r'gfj x'Fbf klg s]xL 5}g . pDd]bjf/x? Ps ;] Ps 5g\ h;nfO{ cWoIf jgfP klg kf6L{NffO{ xfFSgx?;+u Ifdtf / cg'ej k|z:t 5 .

á clGtddf ;j{;Ddltaf6 g]t[Tj rog ug{ tkfO+{;+u s'g} ;"q 5 ls <

– kf6L{leqsf] /fhgLltdf uf]Ko ;"qsf] k|of]u x'Fb}g . of] v'nf kf6L{ xf], ;a} s'/f kf/bzL{ x'G5 . Pp6f s'/f n]Vg';\— d clGtd cj:yf;Dd ;j{;Ddltsf nflu k|of; rflx+ ul//xg] 5' . kf6L{ cWoIfsf gftfn] of] d]/f] st{Jo klg xf] .

á t];|f] dxflwj]zgkl5 kf6L{ km]l/ km'6\g] xf] ls <

– ca d s'g} xfntdf /fk|kfnfO{ km'6\g lbGg . gofF g]t[Tjn] kf6L{nfO{ ;d]6]/ n}hfg] 5 . /fli6«o åGå ldnfpg kf6L{n] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ a]nfdf /fk|kf cfkm}+ km'6\g] sfd sbflk x'g'x'Fb}g . /fk|kfn] w]/} r]lt;s]sf] 5 . kf6L{ Psj4 /lx/xg] 5 .

nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb, k|wfgdGqL

á /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf] kf]v/f dxflwj]zgn] s;nfO{ kf6L{ cWoIf agfpnf <

– d Hof]ltifL xf]Og, 7\ofSs} of] g} cWoIf x'G5 eg]/ d s;/L eGg ;S5' / Û kf6L{df vfl/Psf / cg'ej ePsf tLghgf ;fyLx? bfj]bf/sf ?kdf b]lvg' ePsf] 5, pxfFx?dWo] s;nfO{ r'Gg], Tof] dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx?sf] ljj]ssf] s'/f xf] .

á /f0ff, nf]xgL / zdf{dWo] tkfO{+sf] ;dy{g rflx+ s;nfO{ 5 <

– d s'g} Ps JolQmsf] kIfdf 5}g . ;a} pDd]bjf/k|lt d]/f] z'esfdgf / ;b\efj 5 . tLghg} pDd]bjf/;+u d]/f] plQs} lgs6 ;DaGw 5, d}n] s'g} Pssf] kIf lnPF eg] sfo{stf{sf] 5gf}6df k|efj kg{ ;S5 .

á sf] pko'Qm xf]nf <

– d kmnfgf] g} pko'Qm eg]/ ljjfbdf kg{ rfxGg . /fk|kfsf] cWoIf kbsf nflu /f0ff, zdf{ / nf]xgL ;a} pko'Qm x'g'x'G5 .

á oL dWo] kf6L{df s;sf] a9L of]ubfg 5 t <

– o:tf] sl7g k|Zg dnfO{ g;f]Wg';\ . /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ clxn] u+eL/ kl/l:yltdf 5 . d'n'ssf] ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf nflu kf6L{NffO{ ;xL lbzf lbg tLg hgf pDd]bjf/x? cf–cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf of]Uo, cg'ejL / ;Ifd x'g'x'G5 . ;dosf] e]nnfO{ y]Ug ;Sg] / ;xL b[li6sf]0f ePsf] g]t[Tj cfpg' k5{ . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, dxflwj]zgn] To:t} g]t[Tj rog ug]{5 .

á cWoIf kbdf r'gfj xf]nf of ;j{;Ddltsf] ;+efjgf 5 <

– x'g t /fk|kf k|hftflGqs k|s[ofdf hfg' g/fd|f] xf]Og . t/ clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf ;j{;Ddltaf6 g]t[Tj rog x'g ;Sof] eg] To;n] kf6L{nfO{ Pstfj4 agfP/ n}hfg ;3fp k'U5 . clGtd cj:yf;Dd klg ;a}sf] k|of; ;j{;Ddlttkm{ g} xf];\ eGg] d rfxG5' .

á p;f] eP ;j{;Ddltsf] nflu kxn ug{ 5f8]/ tkfO{+ lsg cfh} -ljxLjf/_ sf7df8f}+ kms{b} x'g'x'G5 <

– d cem} klg kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{nfO{ eGg rfxG5' ls kf6L{df ljefhgsf] dfxf}n gagf];\ . ;a}sf] ;xdltdf g]t[Tj rog xf];\ d aGb ;qx?df g/x] klg d]/f] k|of; ;j{;Ddltsf nflu hf/L /xg] 5 . r'gfj eP5 eg] d t6:y /xg]5', s'g} Ps pDd]bjf/sf] kIfdf nflUbg .

á jL/u~h dxflwj]zgdf em}+ o; k6s klg kf6L{ ljeflht x'g] xf] ls <

– /fk|kfn] w]/} x08/, 7Ss/ vfP/ r]lt;s]sf] 5 . ca of] kf6L{ km'6\b}g . kf6L{ km'6fpg] sfd daf6 sbflk x'g] 5}g . hf] g]t[Tjdf cfP klg p;n] ;a}nfO{ ;d]6]/ cufl8 a9fpg' k5{ .

á tkfO{+ rflx+ cWoIf gaGg] < tkfO{+sf] gfddf ;j{;Ddlt t eOxfN5 lg <

– d cWoIf aGg rfxGg . d]/f] c? g} lhDd]jf/L 5g\ . zflGt, ;'/Iff sfod u/]/ d'n'sdf r'gfj u/fpg' g} d]/f] Wo]o xf] . To;sf nflu cfjZos eof] eg] d of] kbdf ;d]t /xGg . gofF ;/sf/nfO{ ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug{ cft'/ emg\ cWoIf kb lsg vf]Hy]+ .

á cfd lgjf{rg slxn];Dd xf]nf <

– d ;s];Dd l56f] r'gfj u/fpg] k|of;df 5' . >L % sf] klg oxL OR5f 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;xdltsf;fy r'gfj u/fpg] jftfj/0f agfpF5g\ eg] ;/sf/ tTsfn ldlt 3f]if0ff ug{ tof/ 5 . o;sf nflu ;a}n] tTsfnsf j}rfl/s dte]b Tofu]/ cfd ;d:ofnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ .

á /fhgLlts bnx?n] tkfO{+nfO{ ;xof]u unf{g\ <

– d}n] x/]z vfO;s]sf] 5}g . /fhgLlts bnx?af6 dnfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u /xg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' . d]/f] JolQmut cx+ / :jfy{ s]xL 5}g . d k|hftGqsf nflu h] klg TofUg tof/ 5' .

æb/af/n] as'Nnf k7fPsf] 5Æ

k"j{ pk–k|wfgdGqL Pj+ Pdfn] g]tf afdb]j uf}tdn] /fhfsf] xfnsf] k|ltudgsf/L sbdsf] lj?4 dfcf]jfbLl;t klg ;xsfo{ x'g ;Sg] atfpb} jt{dfg cj}wflgs ;/sf/;+u jftf{ gug{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfx\jfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . gf/fo0fL c~rn ;dGjo sld6Låf/f a'wjf/ jL/u~hdf cfof]lht ljzfn cfd;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pxfF lgs} s7f]/ ?kdf k|:t't x'g'eof] . pxfFsf] efif0f lgSs} pQ]hs lyof] . jL/u~hl:yt xfd|f ;Djfbbftf cg';f/, ;efdf hgtfsf] ljzfn pkl:ylt b]v]/ pT;flxt aGg' ePsf uf}tdn] cfkm\g} z}nLdf eGg'eof]— of] cfd;ef /fhfsf] nflu dfq r'gf}tL xf]Og jL/u~hsf] uNnL uNnLdf /fhf cfp b]z jrfp eGb} bu'b}{ lx+8\g]nfO{ klg r'gf}tL xf] . ca xfdLn] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ dfq xf]Og b/af/sf] kmflnPsf] h'7f] s'/f] vfP/ b]zsf s'gf–s'gfdf uP/ hgtfnfO{ e8\sfpg] / k|ltudgsf] kIfdf nfUg eGg]x?nfO{ 6'KkL ;dft]/ k5fb}{ lx+8\g' k5{ . pxfFn] >L % 1fg]Gb| / o; cl3sf /fhfx?sf] klg s6' cfnf]rgf ub}{ g]kfndf /fhf / hgtfaLrsf] n8fO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv rNb} cfPsf] pNn]v ug'{eof] .

g]kfnL hgtf /fhfsf] bf; aGg] ls cfkm\gf] dflns cfkm}+ aGg] egL k|lt k|Zg ub}{ uf}tdn] g]skf Pdfn] hgtfnfO{ dflns agfpg /utsf] vf]nf aufpg tof/ 5 eGg'eof] . /fhfjfbLx?tkm{ O+lut ub}{ uf}tdn] eGg'eof]— /fhfjfbLx?n] Pp6f s'/f /fd|/L;+u a'em] x'G5 . g]skf Pdfn]sf Psnfv @^ xhf/ kf6L{ ;b:ox? 5g\ . b'O{–rf/ hgf ;8], un]sfx? hfnfg\ . t/ afFsL ;b:ox? hgtfnfO{ k|hftflGqs xs, clwsf/ lbnfpg tof/ 5g\ . cr]n x/]s kf6L{sf] 9f]sf cufl8 as'Nnf]?kL hf;'; b/af/n] k7fPsf] 5 . Tof] aSs'nf]n] kf6L{leq ;8], un]sf] kQf nufpF5 / 6\ofKk l6k]/ dGqL agfpF5 . clxn]sf] dlGqd08n sf+u|]; / Pdfn] leq ;8], un]sfx? hDdf u/]/ agfOPsf] kmf]x/sf] sG6]g/ xf] . of] c;+j}wflgs dlGqkl/ifb\ /lx/xG5 / /fhfn] ha;Dd uNtL ;RofpFb}gg\ tj;Dd dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/;+u jftf{ ug{ x'Fb}g . /fhfsf] k|ltudg /f]Sg dfcf]jfbL klg cufl8 cfpg' k¥of] . pxfFn] aGbaf6 s'g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg gx'g] s'/f AoQm ub}{ kf6L{x?n] cf–cfkm\gf] lghL ljrf/ Tofu]/ /fhfsf] k|ltudgsf/L sbdsf] la/f]wdf h'6\g cfx\jfg ug'{eof] . lxhf] laxLaf/ laxfg uf}td k|]; rf}tf/L k;f{ zfvfåf/f cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf klg ;xefuL x'g'eof] . ;f] ;Dd]ngdf pxfFn] kqsf/x?sf] lh1f;fsf] hjfkm lb+b} jt{dfg kl/l:ylt aGg'sf] k5fl8 Pdfn] kf6L{ laefhg klg sf/0f /x]sf] t/ ljefhgsf] sf/0f cfkm"dfq geP klg cfkm\gf] ;d]t uNtL ePsf] :jLsfb}{ eGg'eof] –of] l:yltsf nflu /fhf / sf+u|]; a9L lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . uf}tdn] k|ltudgsf lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g] ;a};+u ;xsfo{ x'g] kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f x'Fb} uPsf] atfpFb} dfcf]jfbL klg k|ltudgsf la?4 cfPdf cfkm}+ ;xsfo{ x'g] atfpg' eof] .

ljBfyL{x?sf] eljiodf tfnfaGbL

dfcf]jfbL ;dly{t ljBfyL{ ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_sf] cfx\jfgdf rf/ lbg;Dd ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs ;+:yfx? aGb eO;Sbf klg of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] 6'+uf] nfUg] 7f]; nIf0f b]vf k/]sf] 5}g . ;f] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] cfx\jfgdf cl:t;Dd pkTosfsf ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs ;+:yf aGb ul/Psf lyP eg] lxhf] clw/fHoAofkL ?kdf z}lIfs ;+:yf aGb ul/of] . pgLx?sf] 3f]lift sfo{qmd cg';f/ cfh klg d'n'se/ z}lIfs ;+:yf aGb /xg] 5g\ . h;af6 d'n'se/ @% xhf/ & ;o z}lIfs ;+:yf aGb ePsf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLsf] eft[ ;+u7g clvn -qmflGtsf/Ln]_ z}lIfs ;+:yf ;'wf/sf] gfddf s]xL ;do klxnf !# ;"qLo dfu cl3 ;fb}{ tL dfu oyfzL3| k"/f ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ eg]sf] lyof] . p;n] tL dfu ;/sf/n] k"/f gu/] clglZrtsfnLg z}lIfs ;+:yf aGb ug]{ wDsL lbPsf] lyof] . ;f] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] ;/sf/;+u /fv]sf] dfudf vf;u/L cfkm\gf] ;+u7gnfO{ ‘cft+ssf/L’ geGg tLa| bjfj lbPsf] lyof] eg] >L % sf] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL / p;sf] eft[ ;+u7gsf] lqmofsnfk cft+sjfbL ePsf]n] ‘cft+ssf/L’sf] lg0f{o lkmtf{ lng gldNg] c8fg lnOcfPsf] 5 . oBlk ;/sf/n] ;f] ;+u7gn] p7fPsf sltko z}lIfs dfu k"/f u/]sf] 5 eg] lghL ljBfno ;DaGwL dfFu klg k"/f x'g] ;+efjgf 5 . t/ cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts nIo k"lt{ ePsfn] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng tof/ 5}g . lghL cfjf;Lo ljBfnosf] ;+u7g æKofA;gÆ ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'a}sf] cfnf]rgf ub}{5 . pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 kfFr lbg ljBfno aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] cfh clGtd lbg xf] . AofJ;gn] o; cjlwdf aGbsf] cfx\jfgstf{ / ;/sf/aLr ;dembf/L a9fpg e"ldsf v]Ng] clek|fon] :s"n aGb u/]sf] agfpFb} t/, o; cjlwdf ;/sf/n] ljb|f]xLx?;+u ;Nnfx g} gu/L @( a'Fb] sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]df /f]if k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . KofA;gsf kbflwsf/Ln] eg]– ;/sf/n] o:tf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ug'{ g} lyof] eg] pgLx?;+u 5nkmn u/]/ u/]sf] eP ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;SYof] .

lxhf] dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?sf] cfx\jfgdf z}lIfs x8\tfn ;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;f] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdn] ;/sf/ / cfGbf]ngsf/L ljBfyL{aLr jftf{ u/fpg Ps dWo:tstf{ 6f]nL u7g u¥of], tLg ;b:oLo ;f] 6f]nLdf dfgj clwsf/jfbL g]tf kb\d/Tg t'nfw/, aL/]Gb|s]z/L kf]v/]n / ;'bLk kf7s /x]sf 5g\ . ;f] 6f]nLn] ef]lnb]lv g} jftf{sf] nflu sbd rfNg] ePsf] 5 . ljBfyL{ ;+u7g jftf{sf] nflu cflwsfl/s kq ;/sf/n] k7fpg' kg]{ c8fg /fVb} cfPsf] 5 eg] ;/sf/ kq k7fpg d~h'/ 5}g . ;/sf/ / cfGbf]ngsf/LaLrsf] o:tf] /a}ofn] lxhf] klg b]ze/sf s"n %) nfv ljBfyL{ 3/} a:g afWo eP . ptf kfFr lbg :s"n aGb u/]/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lgsfNg] k|of;df h'6]sf] KofA;gsf] cleofg lxhf];Dd klg ;kmn x'g] ;s]g . lxhf] g} KofA;gn] k"j{ kbflwsf/L ;lxt s/Lj ;o hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf Ps a}7ssf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . ;f] a}7sn] cfGbf]ngsf/L ljBfyL{ / ;/sf/ b'a}nfO{ ;+oldt /xg cfx\jfg u¥of] . KofA;gsf dxf;lrj ef]haxfb'/ zfxsf cg';f/, ;/sf/nfO{ jftf{sf] jftfj/0f agfpg cfu|x u/]sf] 5 eg] cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ klg lhDd]jf/ / ;Eo eP/ tyf j}slNks sfo{qmd lnP/ ;+oldt cfGbf]ng ug{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . lxhf] d'n'se/ z}lIfs ;+:yf aGb ePsf] t/ sxL+ klg clk|o 36gf g36]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

clvnsf] of] sfo{qmdnfO{ cfd gful/sx?n] u}/–lhDd]bf/Lk"0f{ eGb} nfvf}+ ljBfyL{ / cleefjsx?sf] eljiodf v]njf8 u/]sf] wf/0ff k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .

df]xgljqmdsf] nfOg k/fhLt

k6s–k6s kf6L{leq k/fho ef]Ub} cfpg' ePsf jl/i7 jfdkGyL g]tf df]xgljqmd l;+x Ps k6s k'gM cfkm\gf] kf6L{leq cNkdtdf kg'{ ePsf] 5 . ‘;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf]Og / o;n] hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{ ;S5 eGg] cleofg rnfO/xg' ePsf g]tf l;+x kf6L{df ca kf6L{sf] efjgfnfO{ sb/ u/L ‘;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg g} cfhsf] ;+s6sf] lgsf; xf] / ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g} k5{’ eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug' ePsf] 5 . pQm kf6L{ -Pstf s]Gb|—d;fn_n] xfn} u/]sf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L lb+b} dxfdGqL l;+xåf/f lxhf] hf/L jQmJodf elgPsf] 5— ‘cfhsf] /fhg}lts ;+s6sf] ;dfwfgsf] lglDt k|ltudg xf]Og cu|ufdL kl/jt{g cfjZos 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgn] g} Tof] cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . t;y{, ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg g} cfhsf] ;+s6sf] lgsf; xf], h;n] ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f ub{5 .’

/f]Ssfsf] bf}8fxf

;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL kIfaLr jftf{ x'g g;ls/x]sf] a]nf b'a} kIfaLr jftf{ ug{ hf]8 lbg] cd]l/sfsf pRr k|ltlglw lxhf] /fhwfgL cfOk'u]sf 5g\ .

pkljb]z dGqL lqml:6gf /f]Ssfsf] of] e|d0fnfO{ /fhgLlts / s"6gLlts ko{j]Ifsx?n] cy{k"0f{ dfg]sf 5g\ . blIf0f Plzof dfldnf x]g]{ pkljb]zdGqL /f]Ssfn] o; cl3 klg g]kfn cfP/ oxfFsf] l:yltaf/] u+eL/ cWoog ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . xfn} dfq ef/taf6 cd]l/sf kmls{g' ePsL /f]Ssf t'?Gt} g]kfn cfpg'nfO{ ko{j]Ifsx?n] rf;f]sf;fy x]l//x]sf 5g\ .

cft+sjfbL ;d:ofsf sf/0f cfGtl/s ?kd} kLl8t cd]l/sfn] g]kfnsf] cft+sjfb ;dfKt kfg]{ cleofgnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ o; k6s hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/ g/x]sf] / jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] ;dy{g gul//x]sf] cj:yfdf cd]l/sf g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ lxlRsrfO/x]sf] cfef; kfOG5 . pkljb]z dGqL /f]Ssfn] g]kfnsf] lju|bf] /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / cft+sjfb lgoGq0fsf ljifodf /fhf, k|=d=, ;]gfklt / g]tfx?;+u ljrf/ ljdz{ ug'{ x'g]5 .

lxhf] kf]v/fdf===

l ko{6g z"Go cj:yfdf /x]sf] /d0fLo zx/ kf]v/fdf lxhf]b]lv Ifl0fs ?kdf eP klg gofF pT;fx knfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{{sf] t]>f] dxflwj]zgdf efu lng d'n'se/sf g]tf, sfo{stf{ kf]v/fdf hDdf ePsf 5g\ . vfnL /x]sf oxfFsf xf]6n / nhsf sf]7fx? el/e/fp 5g\ . Ps k|sf/n] cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] af]njfnf 5 kf]v/fdf . To;n] oxfFsf Joj;foLx?sf] d'xf/df v'zLsf] ;+s]t kfOG5 .

l kf]v/f b'nxL em}+ l;+ufl/Psf] 5 . lxhf] k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] kf]v/f cfudgkZrft ;'/IffsdL{sf uf8Lx? tfFtL nfu]sf lyP . d'Vo ahf/sf ;8sx?df xf6ahf/ nfu] em}+ b]lvGYof]– sfo{stf{sf] le8n] .

l /fk|kfs} g]tf k|wfgdGqL eP klg ahf/df htftt} 6fluPsf t'n / Jofg/df ;/sf/k|lt cfnf]rgfTds jfSox? klg n]lvPsf 5g\ . k|=d=rGbnfO{ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfP klg t'n / Aofg/x?df eGg] æ/fk|kf k|hftGqk|lt k|lta4 5, k|hftGq lbuf] /fVg'k5{Æ eGg] cfzoo'Qm gf/fx? n]lvPsf lyP . ky e|i6 g]tf / sd{rf/L dfly sfjf{xL u/, ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL;+u jftf{ u/–o:tf] klg n]lvPsf] 5 .

l dxflwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{ cfof]hsn] lgs} Jojl:yt agfPsf lyP . ljut jfx| jif{df /fk|kfn] kf6L{ ;~rfng ug{ sf+u|]; sDo'lgi6x?sf sltko /fd|f s'/f l;s]sf] To;af6 emlNsGYof] . :jo+;]js kl/rfngb]lv hg;d'bfonfO{ Jojl:yt /fVg /fk|kf sf:sLsf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ s]=;L= lgs} tNnLg b]lvGy] . cGgk"0f{ /+uzfnf el/Psf] lyof], lsgls pb\3f6g ;df/f]xkl5 ToxfF /fk|kfn] bf]xf]/L uLt k|ltof]lutf ;d]t cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . ufpF ufpFaf6 dfG5] cf]Ol/Psf lyP .

l pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqssf tkm{af6 af]Ng] cd//fh s}gLn] ha /fhfsf] lj/f]w ug{ yfn], bz{sx?n] æ/fhf sxfF k|hftGq a'emfpg] clg clxn] lj/f]w ug]{Æ eGb} x'l6ª u/]sf lyP . To;sf] nuQ} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo k|jQmf ch'{gg/l;+x s]=;L=n] æax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] /Iffsf nflu /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx? ldNg' k5{Æ eGbf ;a}n] ;dy{gdf tfnL ahfPsf lyP .

l pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf k|d'v cfsif{0f eg] /fk|kfsf tLg x:tL kz'kltzDz]/ /f0ff, 8f=k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL / /jLGb|gfy zdf{ g} lyP . cl3Nnf] lbg /ftel/ xf]6n / nhdf rxf/]/ sfo{stf{;+u cfkm\gf] kIfdf ef]6 dfUg Jo:t cWoIfsf oL bfj]bf/dWo] /f0ff / zdf{ pb\3f6g ;df/f]x eO/xFbf d~rd} lgbfpg' ePsf] lyof] . cGo kf6L{sf g]tfn] u/]sf] rsf{ efif0fn] klg pxfFx?sf] lgb|f jf ælrGtgÆ e+u ePg .

l cWoIf kbsf alnof pDd]bjf/ dflgPsf /f0ffnfO{ jGb ;q x'g] bLk]Gb| ;efu[x eGbf 6f9f cGgk"0f{ xf]6ndf /flvPsf] 5, h;sf sf/0f sfo{stf{;+u pxfFsf] ;xh e]63f6df sl7gfO kl//x]sf] 5 . nf]xgL / zdf{ eg] d'Vo ahf/s} xf]6ndf /xg' ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] bzf}+ dxflwj]zgtfsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf /xg' ePs} xf]6n cfgGbdf zdf{sf] d'sfd /x]sf] 5 eg] 8f=nf]xgL rflx+ sf+u|]; sfo{stf{ /fdaxfb'/ s]=;L=sf] xf]6n rf}tf/Ldf /xg' ePsf] 5 . xf]6n ‘cfgGb’ / ‘rf}tf/L’eGbf ‘cGgk"0f{’ ;'ljwfo'Qm / km/s ePsfn] /f0ffsf] :jefjnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] cfof]hsx? atfpF5g\ . cGgk"0f{sf ;+rfns /fk|kfs} sfo{stf{ x'g\ .

l cl:t g} kf]v/f cfOk'Ug' ePsf /fk|kf cWoIf yfkf al;/xg' ePsf] /fi6« a}+s u]i6 xfp;df lxhf] ljxfg cWoIf kbsf tLg hgf pDd]bjf/ /f0ff, zdf{ / nf]xgL e]6\g hfg' ePsf] lyof] . To;a]nf yfkfn] ‘cfkm" t6:y a:g]’ atfpb} ldn]/ kf6L{ rnfpg pxfFx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

l ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] kf]v/fdf eJo :jfut ul/of] . t/ lxhf] ;}lgs x]lnsf]K6/af6 oxfF cfOk'Ug' ePsf k|wfgdGqL rGbnfO{ eg] Tolt dxTj lbOPg . cWoIf / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kbsf pDd]bjf/ ;d]t ;a} pxfFsf] :jfutdf Po/kf]6{ uPgg\ .

l k|wfgdGqL rGb lxh} sf7df8f}+ kms{g' eof] . pxfF of] dxflwj]zgdf ;fFRr} g} t6:y /xg' ePsf] cg'ej sfo{stf{n] u/]sf 5g\ . b'O{ lbg nuftf/ ;DkGg x'g] dxflwj]zgsf] aGb ;qdf ;d]t k|wfgdGqL rGb pkl:yt gx'g] lglZrt ePsf] 5 . pxfF w]/} ;do a:bf s'g} JolQmsf] kIfdf nfu]sf] e|d kg]{ cfz+sfn] pxfF kmls{g' ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . rGbsf cfnf]rs sfo{stf{ pxfFn] kf6L{sf] dxflwj]zgnfO{ eGbf cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]z dGqLsf] g]kfn e|d0fnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] l6Kk0fL ul//x]sf lyP .

l cfkm\gf] pb\3f6g dGtJodf kf6L{ cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] ækf6L{ k|ltufdL sbdsf] gflos] gaGg]Æ pb\3f]if ul//xFbf klg k|wfgdGqL rGb cfkm\gf] lgs6 sfo{stf{ dfem eGb} x'g'x'GYof]— daf6 k|hftGqdfly vt/f 5}g, d k|ltufdL xf]Og, pxfFsf] efif0f ;'Gg' k5{ .

l /fk|kfsf] dxflwj]zgs} cj;/nfO{ pkof]u u/]/ To; kf6L{sf /fk|kf lrtjgsf cWoIf Pj+ Jofkf/L ljqmd kf08]n] dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx?sf nflu emf]nfsf] Joj:yf ul/lbP, t/ ;a}af6 :ofjf;L kfpg'sf] ;f6f] pgn] To;s} nflu cfnf]rgf vKg' k¥of] . sl/a t]x|;o krf; hgfnfO{ emf]nf Joj:yf ul/lbPkl5 To;sf] hz lng pgn] emf]nfd} cfkm\gf] gfd n]lvlbP . To;dfly /fk|kf sf:sLsf cWoIf s]=;L=sf] u08sL g'8N;sf pTkfbg cfxf / /f/f rfprfpsf lj1fkg klg /flvP . o:tf] ug{ kfOg] eP d dtk]l6sf g} k|of]hg ul/lbGy] . dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx? cfqmf]z JoQm ub}{ lyP .

cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g u/]/ kxn ug'{k5{

;L=kL=d}gfnL, g]tf, dfn]

clxn] hgtf ;fd" b'O{j6f 7"nf ;d:of 5g\ . Pp6f c;f]h !* ut] zfxL 3f]if0ffåf/f b/jf/n] ;+ljwfg pNn+3g u/L ;[lht ;d:of . hgtfnfO{ km]l/ ;fj{ef}d ;+k|e' agfP/ of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug'{ cfjZos 5 . bf]>f], ljut ;ft aif{b]lv ;/sf/ / ;z:q ljb|f]xLaLr rln/x]sf] n8fO{n] b]zdf /fli6«o ;+s6 k}bf ePsf] 5 . o; ;z:q n8fO{af6 ;a} au{, zlQm / /fi6« ;d]t k|efljt ePsf]n] To;sf] /fhgLlts lgsf; cfjZos 5 . t/ o;nfO{ ;dfwg ug{sf] lglDt b/jf/ hgtfn] kfO;s]sf] clwsf/ lkmtf{ lnP/ PSn} lx+l8/x]sf] 5 . o;/L ;dfwfg lg:sFb}g . To:t} 7"nf ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x?–g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn] clxn] klg ;+sL0f{ 5g\ . logLx? cem klg hgpQ/bfoL ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{x?;+u ldn]/ sfd ug{ rflx/x]sf 5}gg\ . lsgeg] pgLx? ;d:ofnfO{ ;fd"lxs 9+un] x]g{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;+ljwfg pNn+3gaf6 pTkGg ;d:ofnfO{ dfq x]/]/ x'Fb}g, /fli6«o ;+s6nfO{ gx]/L x'Fb}g . 7"nf bnx?n] of] b'O{j6} ;d:ofnfO{ plrt dxTjsf;fy x]/]sf 5}gg\ . /, !* c;f]hsf] zfxL sbdsf] lglDt pgLx?n] ;Qfdf a;'~h]n u/]sf] nfk/jfxLk"0f{ sfdn] d2t k'¥ofof] eGg] s'/f pgLx?n] :jLsf/ ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . oL bnx?n] cfkm\gf] gLlt sfo{qmd, cfr/0fdf ePsf] uNtL :jLsfl//x]sf 5}gg\ . /, oL b'O{j6} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g] u/L cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd tof/ kfg{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o:tf] l:yltdf dfcf]jfbLn] rfx]/ klg /fhgLlts lgsf; kfO/x]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLn] lgsf;sf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] a]nfdf ax'bnjfbL zlQm / b/jf/n] To;sf] jftfj/0f agfpg] xf] eg] ;fFrf] cy{df dfcf]jfbLn] lgsf; rfx]sf x'g\ jf xf]Ogg\ eGg] :ki6 x'GYof] . t/ o;f] klg x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . To;}n] o:tf] l:yltdf d'n'sdf cu|ufdL ljsf;sf] vfFrf] 5 . ;j{kIfLo jftf{, ;Dd]ngåf/f jf clwsf/ ;DkGg cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g u/]/ To;n] /fhgLlts kxn ug'{k5{{ .

zfxL sbdkl5 /fhgLlts bnx?n] To;sf] cf–cfkm\gf] z}nL, efiff cg';f/ lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] zfxL sbd ;Rofpg' k5{ eg]sf 5g\ . t/ uNtL ;Rofpg] s'/fdf pgLx? Psdt 5}gg\ . Pp6fn] ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf csf]{n] k'/fgf] Sofljg]6, s;}n] ;Nnfxaf6 u/]/ ;/sf/ agfpg' k5{ eg]sf] 5 . o;/L ;dfwfg lg:sFb}g . of] kl/l:ylt cfpgdf cfkm\gf] bf]ifsf] af/]df oL bnx? uDeL/ 5}gg\ . k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf kl5 ;Qfdf a;]sf oL bnx?n] cfkm\gf] bf]ifsf] cfTdfnf]rgf u/]sf 5}gg\ . log} bnsf] ;Qfdf]x, ;+sL0f{tf, cb"/blz{tf h:tf sf/0fn] ubf{ !* ut] unt sbdsf] lglDt jftfj/0f aGof] . pgLx? cfkm\gf] bf]if dfG5g\ / o;k|lt ;+j]bgzLn 5g\ eg] pgLx?n] !@ aif{df u/]sf] sfdsf] cfTdfnf]rgf, cfTd;dLIff ug'{k5{ . clxn] d'n'ssf] /fhgLlt pN6f] lbzfdf lxF8]sf] klg ^) lbg ljlt;Sof] . o;aLrdf g sf+u|]];sf], g Pdfn]sf] ljz]if a}7s a;]/ cfTd;dLIff, cfTdfnf]rgf jf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ s'g} dha't sfo{qmd;Dd klg agfPsf 5}gg\ . bnx? hlt u+eL/ x'g'kg]{ xf] Tolt gePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{n] /fhfn] rfn]sf] sbd unt 5, To;nfO{ ;RofOg' k5{, @)$^ ;fneGbf pGgt ;+ljwfg agfOg' k5{ .

;+ljwfgdf kl/jt{g cfjZos eO;Sof] . b]znfO{ wd{lg/k]If agfpg, ;a} g]kfnL efiffnfO{ j/fj/ dfGotf lbg, hftLo ;dfgtf, :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ cem a9L :jfoQ agfpg, lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdf ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g ug{, ;+j}wflgs lgsfonfO{ cem a9L clwsf/ ;DkGg, k|hftflGqs agfpg, hfFr / ;Gt'ngsf] kl/l:ylt ;[hgf ug{ ;+ljwfgdf ;+zf]wg ug'{ h?/L 5 . oL s'/fx?sf] nflu @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgn] dfq yfDg ;Sb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] ;'wf/sf] nflu clxn] ;+ljwfg;ef, ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf ;+ljwfg k'gn{]vgsf dfux? p7fO/x]sf] 5 . pGgt ;+ljwfgsf] nflu ckgfOg] s'g} klg dfWodnfO{ xfd|f] ;dy{g 5 . t/ cfkm"n] dfu]sf] dfu k"/f gx'Fb}df uf]nL xfgfxg ug'{ plrt xf]Og . ljjfbf:kb ljifonfO{ hgtfdf nu]/ hgdt ;+u|x ug{ ;lsG5 . ;+ljwfg;ef, ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf k'gn{]vg eGg] ljifodf s'/f ldn]g eg] emu8f gug]{ t/ ;dfwfgsf] nflu hgtfdf hfg'k5{ . hgtfn] h] lg0f{o u5{g\, ToxL g} clGtd lg0f{o x'G5, of] jfddf]rf{sf] cfx\jfg xf] . csf]{ s'/f, ;+ljwfgdf, /fhgLlts kl/kf6Ldf dfq kl/jt{g NofP/ k'Ub}g . @)$^ ;fndf kl/kf6Ldf dfq kl/jt{g ul/of] . t/ ;fdflhs, cfly{s kl/jt{gsf] s'g} sfo{qmd agfOPg . h;n] ubf{ !@ aif{sf] cjlwdf cGtlj{/f]w k}bf eof] . hgtfdf knfPsf] c;Gt'li6 / cfqmf]zsf] pkof]u ub}{ tTsfn aGb'ssf] andf kl/jt{g rfxg] pu|kGyL zlQmn] pgLx?nfO{ pkof]u u¥of] . To;}n] ca d'n'sdf cfd"n kl/jt{g Nofpgsf] nflu /fli6«o ;xdltsf] cu|ufdL Kofs]h aGg'k5{ . o;nfO{ nfu" u/]/ lgsf; vf]Hg ;lsG5 . t/ To;f] gu/L oL bnx?n] cfkm" dfq hgpQ/bfoL bn ePsf] kmf];|f] bfjL ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;j{kIfLo ;dembf/Laf6 cl3 a9]df dfq lgsf; vf]Hg ;lsG5, o;f] ePdf b/jf/ klg uNtL ;Rofpg jfWo x'g'k5{ .

@)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@* n] Pp6f l;4fGt k|ltkfbg u/]sf] 5 . ;+;b\ gePsf], lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ gePsf], j]nfdf hgtfsf] lxt /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] u5{g\ eGg] l;4fGt To;n] cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] l:ylt To:t} 5 . To;}n] oltv]/ hgtfsf] lxt bnx?n] u5{g\ . t/ s] bnx? eGgfn] sf+u|];, Pdfn], /fk|kf, ;b\efjgf dfq x'g\ < olb tL bnx? dfq hgpQ/bfoL bn ePsf eP of] !@ aif{sf] cjlwdf efF8e}nf] x'g] g} lyPg . b]zn] pN6f] lbzfdf hfg] l:ylt, b/jf/n] of] sbd rfNg] df}sf g} kfpg] lyPg . To;}n] oL bnx? hf] ;Qfdf /x], ltgLx? bf]ifL bn x'g\ . logLx?n] clxn] klg hgtfsf] efjgf cg's"n sfd u/]sf xf]nfg\, t/ pgLx? dfq hgtfsf] k|ltlglw xf]Ogg\ . To;}n] 7"nf bn elgg]x?n] ‘xfdL dfq hgtfsf] k|ltlglw xf}+’ eGg] ;+sL0f{tfjf6 d'Qm x'g'k5{ . hgcfGbf]ngdf efu lng], hgtfsf] dt kfPsf bnx? klg hgtfsf k|ltlglw x'g\ . tL bnx?sf] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df Pp6f clwsf/ ;DkGg ;/sf/ u7g ul/g' k5{ . sf+u|];, Pdfn], /fk|kfsf] ;/sf/ bf]ifL ;/sf/ xf] . To;n] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}g . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] h:tf] ;/sf/n] klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}g . rGb ;/sf/ s'g} kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ xf]Og, JolQmsf] xf] . pgLx? JolQmut ?kdf ;/sf/df ;xefuL ePsf x'g\, kf6L{sf] ;xdltdf xf]Og . logLx? ;a} l6lkPsf, kf6L{ 5f]8fP/ NofPsf dfG5] x'g\ . jf:tjdf of] ;/sf/ kf6L{nfO{ lsgf/f nufpg ag]sf] xf] . of] ;/sf/ g kf6L{sf] xf], g of] ;/sf/df s'g} l;4fGtdf afFlwPsf dGqLx? 5g\ . a? k~rfotsfnfdf k~rfotL bz{g lyof] . lgb{n eGg] k~rfotL bz{g lyof], clxn] t Tof] klg 5}g . /, of] ;/sf/nfO{ bf]ifL bnsf] klg ;dy{g 5}g . ljb|f]xLsf] klg ;dy{g 5}g . Ps, b'O{j6f gfd dfqsf kf6L{sf] ;dy{gsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . To;}n] ca hgpQ/bfoL bnx?sf] ;dy{gdf clwsf/ ;DkGg ;/sf/ agf];\, hf] rGb ;/sf/ h:tf] btf{ rnfgL dfq ug]{ xf]Og . Tof] ;/sf/sf] /fo ;Nnfxdf /fhf klg rNg] / b]z klg rNg' k5{ . To;n] ljb|f]xL;+u jftf{sf] lglDt jftf{sf] cfx\jfg, jftf{sf] Joj:yf / ;j{kIfLo ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/f];\ . Tof] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg k|ltlglwTj klg u/fcf];\ . Tof] clwsf/ ;DkGg ;/sf/n] ;d:ofsf] pko'Qm lgsf; lgsfn]/ dfq r'gfj u/fpg ;S5, d'n'snfO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf Nofpg ;lsG5 . clwsf/ ;DkGg To:tf] ;/sf/df b/jf/sf] klg ;xdltdf jf ;+nUgtdf e§/fO{sfnsf] h:tf] ;/sf/ agfOof] eg] To;df dfcf]jfbLsf] klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;+nUgtf x'g ;S5 . To;kl5 klg dfcf]jfbLn] lgsf;sf] klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;+nUgtf x'g ;S5 . To;kl5 klg dfcf]jfbLn] lgsf;sf] kxn u/]gg\ eg] pgLx? PlSng]5g\ . t/ To;f] gu/L PSn} /fhfn] klg b]z rnfpg ;Sb}gg\, 7"nf bnx?n] dfq klg ;Sb}gg\, dfcf]jfbLn] a}wflgstf kfPsf 5}gg\, pgLx?n] dfq klg rnfpg ;Sb}gg\ . gful/s cfGbf]ng / ;fdflhs cfGbf]ng b]z xfSg] emg\ s'/} 5}g . To;}n] kfFrj6} zlQm ldn]/ b]zsf] lgsf; vf]Hg' k5{ . /, g]skf dfn] cu|ufdL lgsf; vf]Hb}5 . dfn] g oyfl:yltdf a:g rfxG5, sf+u|]; Pdfn] h:tf], g b/jf/h:tf] kl5 x6\g rfxG5, g dfcf]jfbL h:tf] tTsfn kl/jt{gsf] dfu u5{ . dfn] cfhsf] eGbf cl3 a9]sf] kl/jt{g rfxG5 .

clxn] kf6L{ kl/Tofu u/]/ lx+8\g]x?sf] nx/ rn]sf] 5 . t/ o;af6 tL bnx?nfO{ vf;} km/s kb}{g . sfd gnfUg] ljhftLo tTj Pdfn]af6 cem hfg ;S5g\ . To:tf slt 5g\ x]g{ afFsL 5 . sf+u|];af6 klg hfg ;S5g\ . @)!& ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] dxf;lrj uP, sf+u|];sf] klg dxf;lrj g} uP s] km/s kf¥of] To;n] < olb bnx? ;xL af6f]df lx+8] eg] s]xL JolQmn] 5f]8\b}df s]xL km/s kfb}{g . t/ To;/L hfg'df bnx?sf] sdhf]/L 5, To;}n] pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] uNtL ;Rofpg' k5{ .

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