/fHoJoj:yf dfgjeGbf tNnf] lrh xf]

bLgjGw' cof{n

d'n'sL P]gsf] Hofg ;DaGwLsf] dxndf /Iff lzIff ug]{n] dg]{sf] lxtsf] lgldQ s'6kL6 jf c? s'g} sfd s'/f ubf{ eljtJo k/]sf]df krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf x'G5 eGg] pNn]v 5 . Hofg dfg]{ dgzfon] uf]nL rnfpg] jf ad xfGg] jf 3fts xltof/n] sf6\g] jf dfg{sf nflu c? h'g;'s} s'/fsf] pBf]u u/L dfg]{;Ddsf] sfd u/]sf]df s'g} sf/0fn] Hofg dg{ kfPsf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] sfd ug]{, u/fpg] d2t ug]{nfO{ kf“r jif{b]lv jfx| jif{;Dd s}b ug'{k5{ eGg] 5 . s;}sf] sfdn] dflg; dbf{ krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf x'g] / s;}sf] sfdn] dflg; gd/L af“Rbf klg To:tf] sfd ug]{nfO{ afx| jif{;Dd s}b ul/g] s'/f dg;fodf lge{/ /xG5 . xfd|f] ldq Pjd\ l5d]sL /fi6« rLgdf ;kmf lgot / dg;fo b]lv+bf sfd ljUo|f] /fi6«sf] Iflt eof] eg] klg Tof] sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbOG5, To;af6 nfvf}+ /sd lxgfldgf eof] eg] klg To:n] ;Lksf] ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ kfp"5 / s;}n] v/fj dg;fo /fv]/ yf]/}eGbf yf]/} /sd Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] klg To:tfnfO{ lbOPsf] lhDd]jf/L vf]l;G5 . v/fj dg;fo b]vfpg] sd{rf/LnfO{ lu6L s'6\g], ;8s j9fg]{, 9'Ëf df6f] af]Sg]h:tf ansf sfd dfq lbOg] ul/bf e|i6frf/ / clVtof/ b'?kof]usf] ;+efjgf sdeGbf sd ePaf6} b]zsf] ljsf; tLj| ultdf x'g ;s]sf] xf] . y/L y/Lsf lj:kmf]6gsf/L jd ;lxtsf If]Kof:q agfpg] jf agfpg nufpg]sf] dg;fo ljlu|of] eg] /fi6« ljgfz x'g;S5, kof{j/0f lju|g ;S5, k[YjL dfgj/lxt x'g ;S5 .

lzIff rflxPsf] k[YjLsf] /Iffsf nflu / k|s[ltsf] ;'vb jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu xf] . k|s[ltsf] ;xof]udf zflGt, ;'v / ;d[l4sf] dfu{ k|z:t ug{ ;Sg] dl:tis ePsf] dfgjsf] /Iff x'g ;s]g eg] Tof] a'l4dfg dflg;sf] af“sL /x]sf dflg;nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] l:ylt /x+b}g . o;f] x'"bf dl:tis kIfn] u/]sf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sg / Tof] sfdnfO{ dfGo jf cdfGo ug]{ k|wfgtf x[bo kIfn] kfpg'k5{ . oxL xflb{stf /Iffsf nflu k|of]udf cfp"5 . x[bosf wgLn] csf{sf] hLp, wg / :jtGqtfsf] /Iff u5{g\ . cfkm"nfO{ ef]s nfU5 eg] c?nfO{ klg ef]s nfU5 eGg] a'em]/ c?sf] vfg kfP gkfPsf] vf]h u5{g\ / ;Sbf] ;xof]u k'¥ofp"5g\ . dflg; y/L y/Lsf x'G5g\ ?lr y/Ly/Lsf x'G5g\, au}+rfsf ;a} y/L km"n kmqmg kNnljt x'g kfP ;/x ;a} ;f]r / efj ;+:s[lt klg cfkm\gf] klxrfg b]vfP/ af“Rg kfpmg\, cGofo gxf];\, ;a}sf] sNof0f xf];\, ;a} lg/f]uL /x'g\, /fd|f] u?g\, /fd|f] ;f]r'g\ xfdL klg /fd|f] u/f}+, jftfj/0f /fd|f] agfpm", e]befj d]6fpm, ;a} dflg; a/fa/ 5g\ . 1fg, ;Lk, ?lr, Ifdtf, cfsf/ e]b eP klg ;dfhn] /fHon] ljleGgtfdf, cg]stfdf Pstfsf cEof; lbg'k5{, ug'{k5{ u/fpg'k5{ . /fHosf c+u, JolQmn] klg o:t} ;f]r / Jojxf/n] dfgjtfsf], xflb{stfsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . dfgjnfO{ g} wd{, ;+:s[lt, /fHo, Joj:yf rflxPsf] xf] . s'g} klg s'/f dfgj jf dfgjtfeGbf dfly 5}gg\ . /fHo Joj:yf dfgj pknlAw xf] To;}n] dfgjeGbf tNnf] rLh xf] . Pp6f dflg;eGbf w]/} dflg;sf] dxTj a9L x'g'k5{ . ;a}n] 1fg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/ klg kfpg'k5{ . lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/sf cj;/ cyf{t\ af“Rg kfpg] cj;/ kfpg' k5{ . dfgj clwsf/x?df of df}lns clwsf/x?df af“Rg kfpg] clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr / ;j{>]i7 clwsf/ xf] . o;}n] dflg; dfg]{ dflg;} eP klg /fHon] To:tf b'h{gnfO{ 7Ls kf¥of] eg] lx+;fsf] ;xf/f lng' kg]{cj:yf ckjfb:j?k cfO/x]sf] x'G5 .

ljBfyL{ g8/fpg] agf];\ / To:sf sfdn] lge{otf k|bfg u/f];\, k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf k/]sf dflg;n] d2t kfpg\, u'xf/ kfpg\ . To:tf] u'xf/ lb+bf ljBfyL{sf] x[bodf k|;Ggtf cfcf];\ . z/L/sf] ;kmfO, lg/f]uLkg, :jf:Yo ;DaGwL k|f/lDes 1fg sd;]sd o:tf] cj:yf k¥of] eg] c:ktfndf hfg], 8fS6/ a}B;+u ;Dks{ ug'}{k5{ eGg];Ddsf] hfgsf/L lbOof] eg] cleefjsnfO{ klg ljBfyL{n] cYof{pg] 5g\ . ljBfyL{n] If'b| :jfy{dfly ljho kfpg, k/:k/ ;xof]usf] efjgf hfuf];\, cWoogzLn lrGtgzLn, clx+;fjfb ;Tosf] kIfkftL, cfqmf]wL, dfofn', bofn', t]lhnf, ;lxi0f', b|f]x/lxt ag] eg] ltgsf cfdfx? wGo x'g]5g\ . o:tf ljBfyL{sf lktfhLx? wGo x'g]5g\ . o:tf ljBfyL{ pTkfbg ug]{ kf7zfnf, ljBfno, dxfljBfno wGo x'g]5g\ . cfh b]lvPsf bDeL, 3d08L, l/;fxf, c1fgL, 3':ofxf g]tf jf sd{rf/L jf lx+;f, xTofdf pq]sf /fhgLltssdL{x? bf]ifL 5g\ . tL bf]ifL x'g'df ltgsf cfdfafa' / ltgLx?nfO{ k9fpg] u'?x? klg bf]ifL 5g\ . /jLGb|gfy 6]uf]/sf zflGt lgs'~hsf ljBfyL{, u'?s"nsf ljBfyL{ j]bljBF>dsf ljBfyL{ ljgo, ;'zLn, TofuL, bfgL, k/f]ksf/L, ;TojfbL / ;Tofu|xL lyP . kfZrfTo hutdf xfjf{8sf ljBfyL{ / cS;kmf]8{ ljZjljBfnosf ljBfyL{ klg ;dembf/ / g]t[Tj wFGg ;Sg] b]lvP . g]kfnsf cfw'lgs lzIff k|bfg ug]{ cfgGbs'6L ljBfnosf ljBfyL{ hLjgsf x/]s If]qdf OdfGbf/ / s'zn b]lvP eg]/ Toxf“sf k|frfo{x? uj{ ub{5g\ .

hub\u'? zÍ/frfo{n] eGg'eof]– ul0ft, ef}lts lj1fg, efiffzf:qsf] k9fO{ cfjZos 5, dfgjtf arfpg] xflb{stf, hLjgj[lQ rnfpg] Jofj;flos lzIffsf ;fy} ;Tok|lt cfslif{t x'g], ;Tosf nflu ;dlk{t x'g] dfgjtfjfbL lzIff k/d cfjZos 5 . k9\g] ljBfyL{ af“rf];\ b]z, ;dfh / dof{bf arfpg, k|s[lt gbL, ?v, jg, pkjg / dfgj]t/ c? k|f0fL dfgjsf ;+;u{df /x]g . ufO{, 3/ kfn'jf hgfj/nfO{ rfxf/f dflg;n] h'6fP/ arfpg' k5{ . 3/kfn'jf geP/ cGoq jg, gbL jf sxL+ /xg], p7\g] jf 3'Dg] hgfj/x? / k|f0fLnfO{ af“Rg lbP k'U5, gdf/] k'U5, ljgfz gu/] k'U5 / tL k|f0fL klg dfgjsf nflu ;xfos of pkof]uL x'g ;S5g\ . 1fg, lj1fg dfgjsf lxtsf nflu k|of]udf cfpg'k5{ .

Psrf]6L dfgj clwsf/sf nflu sfd ug'{ ePsf ljnIf0f k|ltef / of]Uotfsf wgL afa'/fd e§/fO{sf lgb]{zgdf xhf/f}+ g/ gf/L j]3/ ePsf 5g\, sltsf] 3/ 89]sf] 5, slt afnaflnsf 6'x'/f ePsf 5g\, o;sf] bf]if 8fS6/ jfj'/fdsf cfdf, afa' / lzIfsx?n] klg Aoxf]g'{ k5{ . /fHo ;+rfnsaf6 uNtL eof] xf]nf, g]tfx?sf] lgot /fd|f] ePg xf]nf t/ To;sf] l/;df b'u{dsf, k5fl8 k/]sf / k|hftGqjfbL, u'?x?, >ldsx?, vu]Gb| /]UdL h:tf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf tk:jLx? dfly uf]nL rnfpg] sfd s;n] 7Ls eG5 <

cfkm" a"Rg n's]/ e"ldut x'g] cfnfsf“rf s]6fx?n] c?nfO{ 8/qf;df kf/]sf], of}g ck/fw u/]sf], xTof, lx+;f, cfuhgLsf] /8fsf] dRrfPsf], c1fgdf km;]sf] pxf“nfO{ af:tf ePg lsgeg] pxf“n] lj1fg k9\g t kfpg' eof] cWofTd lj1fg k9\g kfpg' ePg . bof, dfof, >4f elQmsf s'/f pxf“nfO{ lg:;f/ nfUof] . lx+;fdf pq]sf] s'/f 7Ls xf] eg]/ pxf“n] cfkm\gf ljrf/ klqsfdf k|sflzt ug'{eof] . k|ToIf ?kdf pxf“nfO{ a'emfO{ lbg] sf]xL ePg . jGb'sn], adn] dfq k'Ug] eP lsg cGtjf{tf{ / n]v 5kfpg lbPsf] eg]/ < pxf“nfO{ g}lts lzIffsf] ;}4flGts 1fg xf]nf t/ cfr/0fdf ptfg]{ k|of]ufTds g}lts lzIffsf] kf7 k'u]g . pxf“sf xftn] n]v n]V5g\, c?sf n]Vg] xft pxf“sf sfo{stf{n] lsg sfl6lbP < ljrf/0fLo 5 . pxf“n] k'§ktL{ uP/ ;To;fO{ afaf;+u ;fIffTsf/ ug{ kfPsf] eP pxf“sf r]nfn] ufO{ sf6\bf, d"lt{ b]jfno tf]8\bf, ;+:s[t wd{u|Gy hnfp"bf ltgLx?sf To:tf Wj+zfTds sfdx? /f]Sg' x'g] lyof] . lgdf{0ffTds / ;dGjofTds sfddf nfUg'x'GYof] .

s'g} cy{ /xg] 5}g– af“Rg, arfpg / af“Rg lbg] sfd x'"b}g eg] . Ps If0f xf:g / gfRgsf] s] cy{ < ;+:sf/ / ;+/rgf w]/} ;do nfu]/ ag]sf] x'G5 . eTsfpg, 89fpg ;do nfUb}g .

dfn]sf] cl:tTj, /fhgLlts ckmjfx / ;L=kL=sf] e"ldsf

k|e'gf/fo0f a:g]t

g]skf -dfn]_ / Pdfn]sf] PsLs/0fdf ;L=kL= d}gfnL ;fd]n gePkl5 Pdfn] g]tfx? clxn] d}gfnL lj?4 cl/ª\ufnsf] uf]nf] vlgPem}+ vlgg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;L=kL=sf] lg0f{onfO{ s;}n] cfTds]lGb|t k|j[lQsf] k/fsfi7f 7fg]sf 5g\ eg] s;}n] j's'/f] jfg]{ k/Dk/fsf] lg/Gt/tf . Pdfn] g]tfx?n] d}gfnLnfO{ …pbf/tfk"j{sÚ :yfoL sld6Lsf] kb k|bfg ug]{ k|:tfj /fVbf klg pxf“ cfpg grfxg'nfO{ …d'v{tfÚ u/]sf] k|rf/ ul/g yflnPsf] 5 . d}gfnL eg] afdb]jn] Pdfn]df nfu]/ ld;fOlbP kl5 …d[tÚ k|foM aGg k'u]sf] dfn]nfO{ d[t ;+hLjgLsf] k|of]u u/]/ hufpg] cleofgdf nfUg' ePsf] 5 .

d'n'ssf] jfdcfGbf]gnsf Ps k|d'v x:tL ;L=kL= d}gfnLsf] lg0f{on] jfdkGyL /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?sf] dly+un vNaNofpg' :jfefljs xf] . t/, o; k6s d}gfnLn] lnPsf] c8fg w]/}sf nflu …lk|oÚ aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . Pdfn]df uPsf] v08df pxf“nfO{ 7"nf] kf6L{sf] :yfoL sld6L kb k|fKt x'g] lyof], w]/} b'Mv gu/L jl/i7 g]tf aGg] cj;/ ldNg] lyof] /, cfufdL lgjf{rgdf pxf“n] ;f+;b aGg] df}sf xft kfg'{ x'g] lyof] . Pdfn]df k;]sf] eP ofjt cj;/;+u} pxf“n] dGqL aGg] ;'gf}nf] df}sf klg xft nufpg ;Sg' x'g] lyof] . t/ pxf“n] tL s'/fsf] nfnrfnfO{ Tofu]/ lznf vf]h]sf sfo{stf{ a6'n]/ dfn]nfO{ hufpg] rfxgf g} /fVg'eof] . /, clxn] dfn]nfO{ k'ghL{jg lbg s]xL ;xsdL{sf;fy pxf“ cxf]/fq 8l6/xg' ePsf] 5 .

;L=kL= d}gfnLn] clxn] p7fPsf] sbdnfO{ /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx? km/s–km/s ?kn] kl/eflift ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ Pj+ g]skf Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo sld6L ;b:o df]bgfy k|l>tn] t To;nfO{ pxf“sf] dxf;lrj aGg] wf]sf] k"/f ug]{ pkfosf ?kdf lrlqt ug'{ePsf] 5 . Pdfn] Ot/ jfd ;d"xx?n] eg] d}gfnLsf] lg0f{onfO{ gsf/fTds ?kdf lnPsf 5}gg\ . h;n] h;/L lnPsf] eP klg d}gfnLsf] cnu kf6L{ ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o g t kb lnK;fsf] kl/0ffd xf] g ljz'4 ;}4flGts, /fhgLlts / gLltut sf/0fsf] pkh g} xf] . pxf“ clxn] k|rf/df cfPh:tf] s§/kGyL sDo'lgi6 klg xf]Og / Pdfn] g]tfx?n] k|rf/ u/]h:tf] kbsf] nf]eL klg xf]Og . pxf“n] clxn];Dd Joltt u/]sf] /fhgLlts hLjgn] Pp6f ljrf/zLn k|f0fL / kl/kSj g]tfsf] :yfg agfO;s]sf] 5 . pxf“ clxn]sf ax'bnjfbL, pbf/ k|hftGqsf kIfw/ / k|lt:kwf{k"0f{ /fhgLlts k|0ffnLdf ljZjf; /fVg]x? eGbf h]7f] k|hftGqjfbL x'g'x'G5 . t/, pxf“n] k6s–k6s ljrf/ abNg] u/]sf sf/0f :ki6 5lj / klxrfg lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g .

clxn] pxf“sf] Pdfn] gk:g] lg0f{osf k5fl8 ;}4flGts sf/0f sd Pdfn] d08nLsf] ax'dtsf] gfddf nflbPsf] ljj]sxLgtf, cfb]z / ckdfg al9/x]sf] 5 . s'g} klg g]tf jf sfo{stf{n] Tolta]nfdfq /fd|f];+u sfd ug{ ;S5 hlta]nf Tof] kf6L{df nfu]df ;Gt'i6L dx;"; ug{ ;S5 . ckdfg, lt/:sf/ / k|tf8gf a]xf]/]/ /fhgLlts sfd ug{ ;Dej x'"b}g . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df km/s dt /fVg]x?nfO{ ;dfKt} kfg]{ ;+:sf/ 5, To;df klg ;L=kL= d}gfnL t dfn], Pdfn] / k'g;{+ul7t dfn]df klg x/bd :yfoL ?kn] km/s dtsf] kofo{jfrL aGg'eof] . pxf“nfO{ Pdfn]df /x"bf slt g]tf–sfo{stf{n] …;'s]n'tf]Ú eg], sltn] …e8'"jfÚ ePsf] k|rf/ u/], sltn] 3f“8f] klg 7fg] . clxn] pxf“n] cnu lx;fan] ;+ul7t x'"bf gf]S;fgL k'Ug] b]v]/ Pdfn] g]tfx? ;f] kf6L{ pxf“s} j}rfl/s uf]/]6f]df lx+l8/x]sf] bfjLsf;fy kms]{/ cfpg hf]8 nufO/x]sf 5g\ .

jt{dfg Pdfn] g} emfkfsfnLg dfn]sf] hudf v8f ePsf] 5 . To;sf] j}rfl/s–;f+u7lgs cfwf/ eg]s} emfkf sf08 xf] . To; lx;fan] Pdfn] lgdf{0fdf ;L=kL= d}gfnLsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] of]ubfg 5 . t/ pxf“ Tof] kf6L{df nfu]/ hlt ckdflgt, k|tf8Lt / lt/:s[t x'g'k¥of], To;df gnfu]sf] eP k|bLk g]kfnh:tf sfo{stf{n] ;L=kL=nfO{ nftn] xfg]/ lgsfN5' eg]gg\ ls, la=;+= @)#( ;fndf k]:tf]n t];f{P/ pxf“nfO{ ckb:t u/]kl5 ljgf vr{ a;sf] Pp6f l6s6 sf6]/ nv]l6Pg ls, dGqL kbaf6 ckdflgt 9+un] lg:sfzg ul/Pg ls, s] ul/Pg < tL ;f/f s'/f pxf“n] lzjhLn] sfnfs'6 ljif lkP em}+ lkP/ krfpg' eof] . clxn] pxf“ Pdfn]df kms]{/ hfg grfxg'sf] k5fl8 ToxL ckdfgk"0f{ Jojxf/ lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] 5 .

dfG5]n] lbn v'; eof] eg] h'g;'s} sfd klg /fd|f];+u ug{ ;S5 t/ hjh{:tL nfb\bf ToxL sfd /fd|f];+u ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sb}g . To; lx;fan] /fhgLlts dte]b uf}0f / sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f k|d'v aGg hfG5 . ljrf/, l;4fGt, b[li6sf]0f ldNg] aLr Jofjxfl/s tfnd]n ldNg, kbsf] xf]8afhL rNof], c;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ l:ylt k}bf eof] eg] sfd ug{ hlt d'lZsn x'G5, km/s b[li6sf]0f, ljrf/ / /fhgLlts dte]b /xg]x?aLr sfod /x]sf] xflb{stf / ljZjf;n] Tolt g} ;xh agfp"5 . dte]b / cGt/lj/f]w xn ug]{ pko'Qm pkfo ckgfpg ;lsof] eg] g t ax'dtsf] tfgfzfxL / :jR5frfl/tf a9\5, g kf6L{ km'6\g] u'~hfo; g} /xG5 . t/ c;xh jftfj/0f, g]tfx?aLrsf] s6'tfn] kf6L{ sfddf c;/ t k'¥ofpg g} ;+u;+u} km'6 / ljefhg klg lgDTofp"5 . g]tfx?df /x]sf] ;lxi0f'tfs} ;+:s[ltsf sf/0f g]kfnL sf+u|]; cfh;Dd PsLs[t / c;lxi0f'tf, ;+sL0f{tf / c/fhgLlts ;+:sf/sf sf/0f ;dfg sfo{qmd ePsf jfdkGyLx? rflx+ bh{gf}+ 6'qmfdf ljeflht 5g\ .

dte]b x'g] ljlQs} kf6L{ ljefhg e}xfNg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf cfkm}+df unt 5 . sfn{dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s Pª\u]N;sf] kxndf ul7t k|yd cGt/f{li6«o / dfS;{sf] lgwgkl5 Pª\u]N;sf] tTk/tfdf ul7t låtLo cGt/f{li6«osf] Oltxf;n] klg Tof] s'/f k|i6 kfb{5 . dfS;{–Pª\n]N;sf] Jofks b[li6sf]0f, pbf/tf / ;lxi0f'tfsf sf/0f tL d~rx?df km/s ljrf/ ePsfx?sf] afx'Notf lyof] . dfS;{, sfpT;sL, nf;nh:tf cnu ljZjf; ePsf ljrf/sx? Ps} 7fp"df sfd ug{ ;Sg'sf] d"n sf/0f km/s dt, ljrf/ / b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{ g} xf] .

g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6df To:tf] ;+:sf/sf] cefjs} sf/0f 6'qmf 6'qmfdf ljvl08t ePsf x'g\ . of] /f]u blIf0f Plzofd} Jofks ?kdf ljBdfg 5 . Pdfn]n] r'gfj lht]/ ;/sf/ agfpg] nIo /fVg yfn]kl5 ;dfg wf/0ff /fVg] bnx?aLr PsLs/0fsf] cleofg t rnfof] t/ Tof] klg Tolt pknlAw xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf] xf] . Pdfn]leq njLsf] cfwf/df ul/g] e]befj / b'Jo{jxf/ dfly b]lv tn;Dd} JofKt 5 . ;L=kL=sf] dfldnfdf dfq xf]Og s'g} lhNnf :t/Lo g]tfsf] ;DaGwdf klg ToxL s'/f ;To xf] . u'6jGbL, ax'dt–cNkdtsf] efjgf Toxf“ cGoqeGbf s]xL a9\t} /x]sf] 5 . To;}sf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;L=kL= d}gfnLn] g]skf
-dfn]_sf] gfddf cnu cl:tTj / klxrfg /fVg] ;d"x lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ afWotf Aoxf]g'{ k/]sf] xf] .

;L=kL= d}gfnL Pshgf lqmofzLn / pmhf{zLn g]tf x'g'x'G5 . pxf“ Pdfn]df guO{ Pp6f g]tfsf] ?kdf cnUu} a;]/ /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|ljGb' aGg ;Sg] x}l;ot /fVg] cj:yfdf k'lu;Sg' ePsf] 5}g . ef/tdf dxfTdf ufGwLn] kf6L{sf] 3]/feGbf dfly p7]/ s'g} kf6L{df cfj4 geO{ klg cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts hLjg arfO/fVg ;Sg'eof] lj=;+= @)$^ ;fnsf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngkZrft oxf“ klg u0f]zdfg l;+x kf6L{ cg'zf;gsf] 3]/fdf gaflwP/ klg /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|ljGb'd} /lx/xg ;kmn x'g'eof] . t/ ;L=kL= d}gfnLn] clxn] pd]/s} sf/0fn] klg Tof] :yfg lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . To:tf] cj:yfdf ls t Pdfn]sf] ck;+:s[lt, lt/:sf/, ckdfg a]xf]g]{ zt{df Pstfdf ;fd]n x'g'k¥of] ls cnu /fhgLlts kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug'{k¥of] . pxf“n] kl5Nnf] pkfo g} /f]Hg' eof] / cnu kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug]{ ljrf/ ug'{eof] .

oL tdfd tYon] ;L=kL= d}gfnLn] cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts hLjg /Iffs} nflu dfn]nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] OR5f hfx]/ ug'{ePsf] xf] . lgZro g} pxf“sf] Tof] lg0f{on] pxf“nfO{ yk ;+3if{ ug'{ kg]{, b'Mv a]xf]g'{ kg]{ / si6 p7fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . pxf“nfO{ Pdfn]df nfUbf h:tf] cf;fgn] g]tf aGg ca ;Dej 5}g . s:tf] kf6L{ agfpg], sfo{stf{nfO{ s;/L ;+:sfl/t ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o ug]{ lhDdf klg ca pxf“s} sf“wdf cfPsf] 5 . Pdfn]n] x'sf{Psf] ck;+:s[ltnfO{ g} cfkm\gf] kf6L{df klg leœofpg' eof], kb, k};f / zfg;f}ut ;a} s'/f xf], /fhgLltdf nfu]/ klg s;}n] Tofu u5{ eGg] efjgf / cfkm\gf sfo{stf{df klg hufOlbg'eof] eg] d}gfnLsf] dfn]sf] s'g} cy{ /xb}g . t/ ;fgf] kf6L{ g} eP klg Pp6f ;fy{s cleofg ;+rfngsf] lbzftkm{ cu|;/ u/fpg' eof] eg] dfn]sf] cl:tTjsf] cf}lrTo l;4 x'g ;S5 . en} ef]ln pxf“n] cfkm\gf] ;d"xnfO{ s'g} ljrf/ ldNg] ;d"xdf PsLs[t u/fpg] lg0f{o ug'{ lsg gk/f];\ . ca …xfQL kf6L{Ú k|lt jfSs ePsf hgtfsf] ;xfg'e"lt To:t} ;fgf kf6L{lt/ hfg] ;Defjgf klg 5 . To;nfO{ klg Vofn /fv]/ ;L=kL= d}gfnLn] dfn]nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] k|of; u/] eg] pknlAw xft kfg{ ;S5 .

cfr/0fdf kl/jt{gsf] gf/f / oyfl:yltk|ltsf] df]x

o'j/fh kf08]

clxn] b]z Oltxf;sf] Pp6f uDeL/ df]8df k'u]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] cg'ej ;a} b]zaf;Ln] ul//x]sf 5g\ . b]zdf ljBdfg ljs[lt, lj;+ultx?sf] cGTosf lglDt ;DalGwt ;a} kIf klxn]eGbf rgfvf] x''g'k5{ / To;sf] lglDt cfkm\gf] cfr/0fdf klg ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f klg htftt}af6 pl7/x]sf] ;'lgG5 . t/ clxn];Dd ;dfhsf] s'g} klg kIfn] cfkm\gf] cfr/0f / sfo{df cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g NofPsf] cg'ej x'g ;s]sf] kfOb}g . elgG5– jfgL km]g{ ;lhnf] 5}g . klxnf] dflg; xTktL cfkm\gf] jfgL km]g{ OR5's jf ;xdt g} x'"b}g . bf];|f] s'/f dflg; cfkm\gf] afgL km]g'{k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;xdt eOxfNof] eg] klg p;nfO{ k'/fgf] afgL 5f]8\g jf gof“ afgL a;fNg c;lhnf] x'G5 . clg dflg;n] cfkm\gf] afgLnfO{ :jfefljs 7x¥ofpg] / c?x?sf afgLdf dfq vf]6 lgsfNg] sf]lz; ug{ ;d]t yfNb5 . dflg;n] c?x?sf sfd sf/jfxLdf vf]+6 lgsfN5 w]/}h;f] . t/ dflg; cfkm\gf sfd sf/jfxLsf cfwf/ jf kl/jt{g ug]{ cfjZostfaf6 xTklQ ;xdt x'"b}g . dflg;sf] ToxL k|j[lQ klxn] klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf k|ltjlGwt eO/x]sf] 5 . dflg;x?n] cfkm\gf] cfr/0fdf ;'wf/ gu/Lsg c? ;a}sf] cfr/0fdf ;'wf/ x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ To:tf] s'/f ug]{ dfG5]x? :jod\n] cfkm}+lt/ kms]{/ x]g]{ rf;f] eg] /flv/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] gful/s ;dfh clxn] klg k'/fg} z}nLdf lx+l8/x]sf] 5, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yfx? / :yfgLo lgsfox? klg k'/fg} z}nLdf lx+l8/x]sf 5g\ . clg ;/sf/L sfof{no / sd{rf/Lx?sf] /fhgLlt1x?sf] sfd ug]{, lg0f{o ug]{ / efif0f ug]{ z}nLdf klg tflTjs leGgtf b]Vg ;s]sf] 5}g . h; h;af6 ;'wf/ x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f pl7/x]sf] / p7]sf] 5 tL :jo+n] cfkm}+nfO{ dfq ;'wf/ ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] klg l;Ëf] ;dfhdf 7"nf] ;'wf/ x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5 . t/ crDd 5– ;dfh oyfl:yltaf6 cl3 a9\g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g .

;j{;fwf/0f dflg;x?sf] afgL Jojxf/df cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . dflg;x?n] ;fj{hlgs 7fp", ;fj{hlgs ;DklQdf cltqmd0f ug]{ dflg;x?nfO{ 3[0ff ug{ yfn]sf] b]lv+b}g . dflg;x?n] c? dflg;x?nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ sfd cfkm"af6 klg x'g'x'"b}g eGg] s'/fdf klg rf;f] /fv]sf] b]lv+b}g . dflg;x?n] ;dfhnfO{ clxn] x'g] sfd cfkm"af6 gxf];\ eGg] s'/fdf klg klxn]eGbf a9L ;t{stf ckgfpg yfn]sf] kfOb}g . wf/fdf kfgL eg{ hf“bf cfkm"eGbf klxn] Toxf“ k'u]sf dflg;x?sf] kfnf] ldr]/ cfkm\gf] ef8f]df klxn] kfgL eg{ vf]Hg] k|j[lQ clxn] klg dflg;x?df ljBdfg b]lvG5 . wg, ;DklQ, ljBf / kbsf] lx;fan] cf};teGbf dflyNnf] x}l;otdf /xg]x?df cfkm"x?n] sltko P]g lgodx?sf] kfngf ug{af6 5'6 / ;x'lnot kfpg'k5{ eGg] efjgf clxn] klg 5 . b'Anf], kftnf] / kmf6]sf, k'/fgf / ;:tf sk8f nufPsf] dflg;nfO{ pk]Iff ug]{, x]Kg] / df]6f]3f6f] / /fd|f tyf dx+uf sk8f nufP/ lx+8]sf] dfG5]l;t /fd|f] Jojxf/ ug]{ k|j[lQ dflg;x?df / hgtfnfO{ ;]jf, ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] / lg0f{o ug]{ 7fp"df a;]sf dflg;x?df clxn] klg ljBdfg b]lvG5 . To;}u/L ljleGg ju{, Joj;fodf cfj4 JolQmx? / k]zfut ;+3–;+:yfx?sf klg cf–cfkm\gf] ju{, Joj;fo / ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] 5'6, ;'ljwf / ;x['lnot kfpg'k5{ eGg] efjgf clxn] klg klxn] hlQs} alnof] 5 . JolQm, ;+3–;+:yf / Joj;foLx? ;a} cf–cfkm\gf] lxt / ;'ljwfsf] s'/faf6 lrlGtt /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . ;dfh / d'n'ssf] ljifodf lrGtf hfx]/ u/] klg d'n's / ;dfhsf] lglDt cfkm"af6 klg s]xL x'g ;Sg] xf] ls eGg] ljifodf s;}sf] Wofg k'u]sf] kfOb}g . 7"nf] kbdf /xg]x?n] s/ d"No cflbdf c?n] eGbf a9L 5'6 kfpg'k5{ eGg] efjgf clxn] klg kl/Tofu u/]sf] b]lv+b}g . ;a}eGbf a9L tna / c? ;'ljwf kfpg] dflg;x?n] g} clxn] OG6/g]6h:tf sltko ;]jfx? lgMz'Ns pkef]u ug{ kfp"5g\ / To:tf] ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yfn] pknAw u/fpg] ;]jfsf] nfut cg';f/sf] d"No agfpgsf] lglDt ;]jfsf] d"Nodf a[l4 ug{ cfjZos 5 eGg] vfnsf ts{x? klg eO/xG5g\ . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf s'/f klg eO/xG5g\ / :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ ;fwg / ;|f]t lb+bf ltgsf] b'?kof]u x'G5 eGg] ts{ klg eO/xG5g\ . ;'zf;gsf s'/f klg eO/xG5g\ / cf–cfkm\gf] glhssf dfG5]x?nfO{ /fd|f] 7fp" / kbdf k'¥ofpg] hf]8 36fpm klg eO/xG5g\ . clg e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf s'/f klxn]eGbf a9L rsf]{ / ;'l/nf] :j/n] pl7/x]sf b]lvG5g\ / klg 7"N7"nf lgsfo / kbdf /x]sf dfG5]x?n] cf–cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf jf cfkm" /x]sf] h:tf] kbdf /x]sf dfG5]x?nfO{ e|i6frf/ u/] jfkt d'2f rnfpg kfpg] clwsf/ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lbg] sfg'gsf] th'{df ubf{ cf–cfkm\gf] ;+:yf jf kbsf] dof{bfdf cf3ft k'U5 eGg];Ddsf ts{ / ljrf/x? klg klxn]h:t} pl7/x]sf b]lvG5g\ . s'g} lgsfo jf kbdf /x]sf] JolQmn] ;f] lgsfo jf kbdf /x]sf] JolQmn] e|i6frf/ u/]df To;nfO{ s8f sf/jfxL x'g] vfnsf] sfg'gsf] th'{df ug'{k5{ eGg] ts{ 6f/]sf] / kxn u/]sf] clxn] klg ;'lg+b}g . cfkm"nfO{ aGwd'Qm, qf;d'Qm /fVg] / c?nfO{ dfq aGwgdf hs8\g], 8/–qf; b]vfpg] sfddf klxn] h:t} clxn] klg ;a} nflu/x]sf 5g\ . klxn] h:t} clxn] klg 7"N7"nf / dx+uf xf]6nx?df uf]i7Lx?, 5nkmnx?, efif0fx? eO/x]sf 5g\ / klxnfh:t} ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] klg ltg} efif0fx?, pkb]zx? / 5nkmnx?sf] k|rf/–k|;f/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;f“Rr}, d'n'sn] clxn] klg kl/jt{gsf] uLt ufO/x]sf] 5 / kl/jt{gsf] uLt ufP/ oyfl:yltd} /dfO/x]sf] 5 . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfx?, a'l4hLjLx?, ljåfgx?, ;+3–;+:yfx?, ;~rf/ dfWodx?, Ajo;foLx?, sd{rf/Lx? / /fhgLlt1x? ;a}n] kl/jt{gsf] uLt ufO/x]sf] / oyfl:yltnfO{ g} wflg/x]sf], wfGg vf]lh/x]sf] / oyfl:yltd} /dfO/x]sf] /dfOnf] jftfj/0fdf clxn] g} d'n's af“lr/x]sf] 5 . nfU5– oyfl:ylt d'n'ssf] z/L/ xf], ;f; xf], hLjg xf], ;a} yf]s xf] .

uf]i7L, 5nkmn Pj+ ;'emfj k|ltj]bgsf k|lqmofx? clxn] klg klxn] h:t} 5g\ . ;'emfj k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ u/fpg] kIfn] cfkm"n] rfx]sf jf cfkm"n] dg k/fpg] dfG5]x?nfO{ cflv/ cfof]u, sfo{bn jf ;ldltsf] u7g u5{g\ / ltgLx?n] s] s:tf] gLlt lgodsf] th'{df ug'{k5{ eGg] ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] h] h:tf] rfxgf 5 To;}nfO{ ;'emfjsf] ?kdf k|ltj]bgdf /fV5g\ . clg To:tf] ;ldlt jf cfof]usf dfG5]x?n] 7"N7"nf xf]6nx? jf ;efsIfx?df Ps, b'O{j6f 5nkmn jf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u5{g\, To; k|sf/sf 5nkmn jf uf]i7Lx?df cf–cfkm\gf] glhssf / cfkm\gf] k|:tfjsf] 7f8f] / xTkQL cfnf]rgf ug{ g;Sg] jf gug]{ JolQmx?nfO{ cfdlGqt u5{g\ . cfnf]rgf ug{ ;Sg] JolQmx? Ps, b'O{ hgfnfO{ a]nfOof] eg] klg To:tf] JolQmn] k|:tfj k9\g gEofpg] jf To;n] 5nkmndf pkl:ylt g} x'g g;Sg] jf ufx|f] kg]{;Ddsf] 5f]6f] ;do /fv]/ dfq va/ ul/G5 . kmntM cfof]u jf ;ldlt jf 6f]nLn] tof/ kf/]sf] ;'emfj k|ltj]bgsf ljifodf ;–;fgf / eflifs kl/jt{gsf ljifodf dfq 5nkmn x'G5 / To:t} kl/jt{gsf cfwf/df dfq cf/lDes k|:tfjnfO{ clGtd ?k lbOG5 / tfdemfdsf;fy To;nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/G5 . clg kmnfgf] cfof]u jf ;ldltn] lbPsf] ;'emfjsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ eGg] cfjfh p7fOG5 / To:tf] cfjfhnfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] klg lkm+hfpg yfN5g\ . To:tf] cfof]u jf ;ldltdf pko'Qm dfG5]sf] rog ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eGg] s'/fdf / To:tf] cfof]u jf ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf ;'emfjx?sf] k5fl8 s] s:tf sf/0fx? 5g\ jf 5}gg\ eGg] s'/fdf rflx+ gful/s ;dfh / ;~rf/ dfWod s;}n] klg Wofg k'u]sf] kfOb}g . To;}u/L s'g} ;'emfj cfof]u jf 6f]nLn] lbPsf ;'emfjx? /fli6«o lxtsf] bli6n] 7Ls 5}gg\ jf 7Ls 7x/]sf 5}gg\ / To:tf ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjogn] ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] klg To:tf] ;'emfj lbg] cfof]u jf 6f]nLsf ;b:ox?sf] k|lti7fdf klg cfoft k'Ug] u/]sf] 5}g / To:tf AolQmx?sf] ljifodf ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] klg rrf{, kl/rrf{ ug]{ hf“u/ b]vfpg] u/]sf 5}gg\ . To;}u/L, sd{rf/L jf c? kbflwsf/Lx?n] lbgsf] slt b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf kfp"5, a}7s eQf kfp"5 eGg] s'/f P]g lgodåf/f lglZrt ePsf] 5 tfklg Pp6f uf]i7Ldf uf]i7Lsf] k|lt ;xefuLsf] a9Ldf slt ?k}of“sf] lx;fan] vr{ ug{ ldN5 eGg] s'/f kl/eflift ePsf] klg kfOb}g . ah]6 ljlgof]hg, cg'df]bg / s6f}tLsf] k|lqmofdf / P]g lgod / gLltx?sf] th'{df ug]{ k|lqmofdf klg tflTjs kl/jt{g cfPsf] hg;fwf/0fnfO{ dx;"; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . xfdLx? klxn]s} lx;fan] rln/x]sf 5f}+ / xfdLnfO{ ;a}n] kl/jt{gsf] s'/f klg rfvsf;fy ;'lg/x]sf 5f}+ . cfr/0fsf] kl/jt{gsf] s'/f klg ul//x]sf] / cfr/0fdf kl/jt{g klg gul//x]sf] cgf}7f] cj:yfdf xfd|f] ;dfh /x]sf] b]lvG5 . å}w rl/q, å}w–dfkb08sf] rl/qnfO{ xfd|f] ;dfhn] kl/Tofu ug{ ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g . cfkm\gf] lglDt Pp6f / c?sf] lglDt csf]{ vfnsf] rl/q / dfkb08sf] ck]Iff xfd|f] ;dfhsf] / xfdLx?sf] rl/qsf] klxrfg ag]sf] 5 . ;DejtM ToxL å}w–rl/qsf] k|j[lQ xfd|f] ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf] / ;d'Ggt Pj+ ;'Gb/ eljio lgdf{0fdf /x]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cj/f]w klg xf] .

nfU5– aflx/ aflx/ kl/jt{gsf], ;'wf/sf] kIfdf af]n]/ xfdLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{gk|]dL, ;'wf/k|]dL, ;dfhk|]dL / /fi6«k|]dL b]vfpg] sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5f}+ / cfkm\gf] clxt x'g] vfnsf], cfkm\gf] :j]R5frfl/tfdf c+s'z nfUg] vfnsf] kl/jt{g x'g glbg / ;+efJo kl/jt{gnfO{ cfkm\g} lxtlt/ pGd'v agfpg xfdLx? leqleq} k|oTgzLn klg /lx/x]s} 5f}+ . kl/jt{gaf6 cfkm\gf] lghL lxtsf] /Iff jf lghL nfesf] a[l4 x'g ;s]g eg] kl/jt{g g}+ kf] lsg rflxof] / eGg] vfnsf] dgl:ylt klg xfdLx?n] af]ls/x]sf x'G5f}+ . /fi6«sf] ;du| lxtsf] Pp6f l;4fGt, Pp6f bz{gaf6 lgb]{lzt eP/ To;} cg'?k cfkm\gf] cfr/0fdf kl/jt{g ug{ xfdL cfkm}+ cu|;/ gx'"bf;Dd xfdL oyfy{df kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf gpleP/ oyfl:ylts} kIfdf pleO/x]sf x'G5f}+ eGg] s'/f xfdLx?n] a'em]/ klg a'em krfO/x]sf 5f}+ . nfU5– s:tf] a'em krfO{ xfd|f] ;dfhsf] lgolt ag]sf] 5, rl/q ag]sf] 5 . / :ki6 ePsf] 5– cfr/0fsf o:tf] kl/jt{g ;dfhsf], /fi6«sf] / xfdL ;a}sf] lxtsf] lglDt gu/L gx'g] klg ePsf] 5 .

of] n]Vg'kbf{ lbn l5of l5of ePsf] 5

zf]efs/ k/fh'nL

@)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv ;~rflnt dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 gfd lbOPsf] lx+;f, xTof / cft+ssf] kl/0ffd of] xfd|f] Kof/f] b]zn] w]/} hgwgsf] Iflt k'¥ofO;s]sf] 5 . Hofbltn] plxNo} ;Ldf gfl3;s]sf] 5 . v} cem} slt /ut / slt cGo Iflt dfu]sf] 5 of] cft+sn] < Tof] s'/f zfob s;}n] eljiojf0fL ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . oxf“ s'g} klg e"ldsf gaf“lwsg dfcf]jfbL cft+ssf/Lx?sf] Hofbltsf] Pp6f gd"gf k|:t't ug{ nfluPsf] 5 / ;f“Rr} eg'" eg] ;of}+ n]vx? n]Vg] qmddf eGbf of] l/kf]6{ n]Vbf d]/f] lbn l5of l5of ePsf] 5 . d /ftsf] @ ah] lt/ of] n]Vb} ubf{ w'?w'? /f]Psf] 5' . s;n] cfkm\gf] lbnnfO{ yfDg ;S5 of] s'/f ;+embf < o:tf] b'?x cj:yfsf] ;d"lrt lgbfg ca klg l56} klxNofOPg eg] af“r]sfx?n] ?g klg cf“;' af“sL /xg] 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] cj:yf l5+8Ldf g} cfO;s]sf] 5 .

k|;Ë xf] d'lQmgfy clwsf/Lsf] / pgnfO{ cfheGbf 7\ofSs} $% lbg klxn] dfcf]jfbLx?n] u/]sf] g[z+; xTofs} xf] . dfcf]jfbLx?sf lzsf/ ePsf lzIfs d'lQmhL s:tf JolQm x'g\ eGg] s'/fsf] lh1f;f k}bf ePsf]n] d}n] yfxf kfPsf / pgsf glhssf cfkmGtx?;+u xf]Og ls ndh'Ësf s]xL :yfgLo JolQmx?;+u ;f]wk'5 u/L kQf nfu]sf] tYonfO{ oxf“ k|:t't ug]{ 3[i7tf u/]sf] 5' .

– @)!# ;fn c;f/ ( ut] ndh'Ësf] b'/f8f“8fdf pxf“sf] hGd ePsf] xf] .

– ! jif{sf] pd]/df g} pxf“sf lktfhL :juf{/f]x0f dfq ePsf] xf]Og a? To;sf] nuQ} cfdfsf] sfv klg 5'6]sf] cyf{t\ 6'x'/f] ag]sf] .

– pxf“ 6'x'/f] afns 5"bf g} !! jif{s} pd]/df ljjfx u/fOPsf] .

– pxf“sf] x]/rfx lbbLx?n] ug'{ePsf] .

– cWoogsf nflu ljBfno hfg] cj;/ cToGt sd kfP klg sIff km8\ls+b} @)#) ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L=k/LIffdf k|yd >]0fLdf kf; ePsf] . pxf“ To;/L k|yd >]0fLdf kf; x'"bf To; Pl/ofdf ;a} cfZro{rlst ePsf] .

– o;}af6 k'i6L x'G5 ls pxf“ cToGt h]x]Gbf/, OdfGbf/ / xf]gxf/ x'g'x'GYof] .

– cfO{=P:;Ldf /fd|f] gDa/ NofP/ 8fS6/ aGg hfg] OR5f ubf{ k9\g hfgsf nflu 5fqj[lQ ;d]t kfPsf] .

– pxf“nfO{ ;f]emf] l;wf b]v]/ ufp"3/ 7"nfa8f elgg] s]xL zf]ifsx?n] pxf“sf] Tof] cj;/ vf];L dfq lbPgg\ a? abnf ;w}+ ckdfg dfq} ul//x] .

– To;kl5 pxf“n] ljBfnodf cWofkg ug{ ;'? ug'{eof] . pxf“ cToGt ;kmn / of]Uo lzIfssf] ?kdf k|Voft x'g'x'GYof] .

– pxf“n] ug'{ePsf] ;dfh;]jf ;+emg] dfq xf] eg] klg oxf“sf cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] ;dfh;]jL x'" eGg]x?n] leq}b]lv lha|f] 6f]Sg' kg]{ l:ylt 5 . pxf“n] 1fgHof]lt ;dfh pTyfg ;+3, /Lltl/jfh ;ldlt, ;dfh sNof0f s]Gb|, kz'kfng, l;nfO{ a'gfO{, jfrgfno, df}/Lkfng, vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{, :jf:Yo, s[lif–t/sf/L dLn cflb If]qdf cToGt dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf] 5 .

– Ps bzs cl3b]lv PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgn;+u cfj4 x'"b} lhNnf ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfo{ ul//xg' ePsf] .

– ;dfhdf ;w}+ h'jftf;, dBkfg, w'd|kfgsf] lj/f]w ub}{ /lQe/ ;do klg km';{b glnO{ ;dfh ;'wf/sf] k|of; ub}{ b'MvLx?sf] ;]jf ug{ tTk/ / cu|;/ ePsf] .

– cfkm\gf] k"/} hLjgdf s'g} klg avt ofg] ls h:tf];'s} ;'v / b'Mvsf ;dodf ;d]t km';{b glnO{ Psl5g klg lagf ;dfhof]uL sfddf ;do gvr]{sf ;a}sf cfbz{ / k|]/0ff;|f]t JolQmTj cf]tk|f]t ePsf . To:tf ;a} u'? elgg nfos pxf“ x'g'x'GYof] .

– rfs8L, zf]if0f / bdgsf] :ki6 lj/f]w dfq xf]Og ls g]kfnLx?sf] clN5kgf / csf{sf dfq d'v tfSg] afgLsf] 3f]/ lj/f]wLsf] ?kdf ;'kl/lrt JolQmTj .

– g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] qmddf ljb]zLx?n] ;xof]u u/]/ dfq slxNo} x'"b}g a? g]kfnLx?nfO{ g} ;Ifd agfO{ / ;Ifd eP/ dfq b]zsf] ;d'Ggt ljsf; x'G5 eGg] wf/0ff af]s]sf] / pxf“sf] o:t} vfnsf] ljrf/ 7u, km6fxf cflbnfO{ gkRg] vfnsf] ePsf] .

– cfkm\gf ;Gtfg / c?x?nfO{ k9fO{ / :jf:Yodf dfq hf]8 lbg lg/Gt/ cfu|x ug]{, t8se8sn] sf]xL klg 7"nf] x'g g;Sg] ljrf/ k|jfx ul//xg] .

– jf:tjdf æ;fbf hLjg pRr ljrf/Æsf wgL / pQm plQm cg';f/sf] pbfx/0f lbg of]Uo JolQm . of] pbfx/0fsf] prfO{ ;d]t ylkg] vfnsf] JolQmTj . ;w}+ 6fn]sf yf]qf n'uf nufpg] t/ cWoog ug{ eg]kl5 x'?s x'g] .

– cfkm\gf z'elrGtsx?n] vt/f x'G5 ls 3/df ga:g'xf];\ eGbf pxf“ tL z'e]R5'sx?nfO{ lbg'ePsf] hjfkm o:tf] lyof]– cfkm"n] slxNo} s;}sf] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] s'enf] gu/]sf], :s"n / ;dfh;]jf 5f]8]/ knfog x'g gdfg]sf] dnfO{ s] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu lsg vt/f x'g] < egL cfkm\g} af;df al;/x]sf] .

– c6n, lg8/, :jfledfgL, /fi6«jfbL, OdfGbf/, ;Rrl/qjfg, ;dfh;]jL dfgj clwsf/jfbL JolQmTj .

;a}n] k"hf ug'{kg]{ sfdw]g' ufO{ h:tf] JolQmTj ePsf To:tf c;fwf/0f k|ltef ePsf ;fwf/0f JolQmnfO{ bz}+df v;L, af]sf, xf“;, s'v'/f sf6] h;/L, /]6] h;/L, 7'GSofP h;/L, lgdf]7f] h;/L eGbf klg aa{/ kfzljs oftgf ;lxt unaGbLsf] kf;f] nufP/ xft k5fl8 nu]/ lge{o tl/sfn] xTof u/L cGTodf 5'/L xfgL /ut lgsfnL /utsf] 6Lsf nufO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] df/]sf oL JolQmTjsf] Ifltk"lt{ b]zn], ;dfhn], kl/jf/n] slxn] s;/L kfpg] <

cfb/0fLo kf7sj[Gb, zAb;+u v]Ng obfsbf dg k/fpg] d]/f] of] sndn] of] eGbf a9L jf:tljs s'/f s] n]Vg] < s] ;f“Rr} of] k|lqmofsf] l56} cGTo x'G5 t < d;+u >4f~hlnsf nflu zAb g} 5}gg\ .