/fhfn] r'gfj geP;Dd clwsf/ g5f]8\g]
k|=d=n] s'/f ub}{df bnx? ;/sf/df ghfg] M ;/sf/sf] x}l;ot c:ki6

c;fwf/0f kl/l:yltdf / ;+ljwfg ;d]t ldr]/ u7g ul/Psf] jt{dfg dlGqkl/ifb\ ;a}sf nflu …3fF8f]Ú 7xl/g] ePsf] 5 . o'4:t/df / b'|tultn] sfd ug'{ kg]{ ;/sf/ s5'jf rfnaf6 lx+l8/x]sf] 5 . /fhfaf6 tf]lsPsf lhDd]bf/Lx? k"/f ug]{ tkm{;d]t ;/sf/n] cu|;/tf lng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] ;/sf/sf dGqLx? cfkm\gf] ;Ldf / bfloTjsf] Vofn gu/L PSnf–PSn} cf–cfkm\gf] lbzfdf cfkm\g} 9+un] bf}l8b}5g\ . sltko dGqLx? cfkm"n] kfFr jif{s} nflu ;Qf kfP em}+ tbg'?ksf] sfo{qmd agfpFb} cfZjf;g af8\g yfn]sf 5g\ . olt lbg ljlt;Sbf klg k|wfgdGqLn] ;fj{hlgs k|ltj4tf cg'?k ;j{bnLo a}7ssf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] bfloTjsf] ;Gbe{df cfzfsf] s'g} ;~rf/ u/fpg ;s]sf] 5}g, a? gofF ljs[ltx? hlGdg] cfz+sf pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

clxn] /fHosf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /fhfdf g} lgxLt 5 . ;+ljwfgn] >L % nfO{ To:tf] clwsf/ glbPtf klg tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] cj;/sf] b'?kof]u ub}{ ;+ljwfg ljk/Lt x'g]u/L l;kmfl/; r9fPkl5 cGo ljsNk gePsf]n] df};"kmaf6 ^ dlxgfleq r'gfj u/fpg ‘c;Ifd’ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ jvf{:t u/]/ :jo+af6 ;Qf sAhf ul/alS;of] . k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] >L % åf/f k|wfgdGqLsf nflu k|:t't nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] gfdk|lt ;xdlt g} hgfP . To;kl5 dlGqd08nsf] u7g /fhgLlts bnx?;+usf] k/fdz{ cg'?k ul/g] ;dembf/L ePsf] atfOG5 . /fhgLlts bnx?n] /fhfsf] OR5f cg'?k rGbsf] gfddf ;xdlt lbO;s]kl5 dlGqd08nsf] u7g ;lxtsf] dfldnfdf /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] tyf /fHosf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ToxL ‘cGtl/d’ ;/sf/nfO{ ;'lDkg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ To:tf] ePg . k|wfgdGqL kbsf nflu bnx?sf] ;xdlt k|fKt x'gf;fy pgLx?sf] pk]Iff dfq ePg, k|efjxLg / cf}lrToljxLg dlGqkl/ifb\sf] 3f]if0ff ul/of] .

;/sf/df a:g]x?n] k|foM /fd|f]eGbf unt sfd a9L ug]{ ePsfn] >L % af6 sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo Joj:yfk|lt k|ltj4 Pj+ lgi7fjfg k|efjsf/L, Odfgbf/ / ;Ifd dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ ;'lDkg' plrt x'g] ts{ / ljrf/ /fhgLlts If]qaf6 cfP klg /fhfaf6 cfd lgjf{rg u/]/ ;+ljwfg cg';f/ hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/ u7g eP kZrft\ dfq sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ a'lemG5 . Ps ;"q cg';f/, clxn]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ Tof] clwsf/ ;'lDkbf sbflrt o;n] klg r'gfj u/fpg ;s]g jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] csf]{ ;/sf/ u7g ug'{ k¥of] eg] pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ;d:ofnfO{ klg b[li6ut u/]/ of] clwsf/ r'gfj geP;Dd /fhf :jo+n] /fVg] ;f]r agfOPsf] 5 .

k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb ljleGg kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] 3/–3/df uP/ dlGqkl/ifb\df ;xeflutf hgfOlbg cg'/f]w ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . t/ lj3l6t ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx?dWo] pxfFn] cg'/f]w u/]sf s'g} klg bn o;sf nflu tof/ ePgg\ . /fk|kf / ;b\efjgf kf6L{ afx]s ;a} bn ;/sf/nfO{ c5't h:tf] 7flg/x]sf 5g\ . /fHosf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /fhfdf g} lgxLt /x]sf] / b/af/n] bnljxLg k|j[lQ k|:t't ub}{ bneGbf JolQm–JolQml;t ;DaGw /fVg] gLlt ckgfPsf] b]v]kl5 bnx? If'Aw ePsf 5g\ .

k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? ;Qfdf ;xefuL gx'g] b]v]kl5 sf+u|];L jf jfdkGyL k[i7e"ld ePsf / tL kf6L{af6 lgisfl;t ePsf jf s'g} cj;/ gkfPsf JolQmx?nfO{ dGqL kb lbg] ckm/ ul/b}5 . To:t}, k|ltudgsf] kIfdf / k|hftGq lj?4df jQmJo lbg] gfd dfqsf g]tfx?nfO{ klg cfdGq0f ul/b}5 . t/ To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ dlGqkl/ifb\df ;fd]n u/]/ ;/sf/sf] s'g} klg ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] :ki6 5 .

dfcf]jfbLx? of] ;/sf/l;t ;Dks{ / ;Djfb ug{ klg OR5's 5}gg\ . pgLx? /fhf;+u} jftf{ ug{ rfxG5g\ .

dlGqkl/ifb\ cfkm"n] lhDdf kfPsf] x/]s bfloTjdf c;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;j{k|yd o;n] kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df hgtfsf] cfzf / pT;fx hufpg' kb{Yof] . t/ ;/sf/sf] cg'xf/ b]Vgf;fy /fhfsf] cl3Nnf] sbdaf6 pT;flxt dflg; klg lg/fz eP . ljut !# jif{sf] cjlwdf /fh;+:yfsf] olt cfnf]rgf s'g} ;Gbe{df ePsf] lyPg . >L % af6 ;+ljwfg ldr]/} b]pjfnfO{ jvf{:t ubf{ v';L ePsfx? klg ;/sf/sf] :j?k b]Vgf;fy lvGg eP/ k5fl8 x6] . dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g x'gf;fy dflg;x?n] ‘k~rfotsf] e"t hfUof]’ eGg] l6Kk0fL u/] . dlGqkl/ifb\s} sf/0f /fhfn] htftt}af6 cfnf]rgf vKg' k/]sf] 5 . t/ ;/sf/n] /fhfsf] kIfsf] jrfp ug{ ;s]g . o:tf] ;/sf/ /fhfsf] 9fn aGg' kb{Yof] . t/ of] dlGqkl/ifb\sf ;b:ox?n] /fhfdfly ePsf] j}rfl/s cfqmd0fsf] k|ltjfb ug]{ ?lr ;d]t b]vfPgg\ . ldq/fi6«x? x/]s ;/sf/nfO{ lzi6frf/jz lbg] z'esfdgf lbg klg lxr\lsrfP . r'gfjsf] ltly rfF8} gtf]lsP ldq/fi6«x?n] lgoldt / :jfefljs ?kdf lbg] ;xof]u klg aGb ug]{ ;+s]t kfOG5 . /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;dy{g gug]{, /fhfsf] jrfp ug{ g;Sg] / ldq/fi6«x?n] dfGotf lbg ;d]t ;+sf]r dfGg]— o:tf] ;/sf/sf] cf}lrTo s] 5 <

of] ;/sf/nfO{ cf}krfl/s ?kdf r'gfjL ;/sf/ gelgPtf klg r'gfjs} ;Gbe{df o;sf] u7g ePsf]n] o;nfO{ r'gfjL ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf r'gfj ;DkGg ug]{ ;Gbe{df cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' dfq x'G5 . cGo s'/fdf o:tf] ;/sf/n] cl3Nnf] ;/sf/s} gLltnfO{ cg'z/0f ub{5 . t/ of] ;/sf/sf] x}l;ot / z}nLaLr tfnd]n ldNg ;s]sf] 5}g .

cy{dGqL 8f=ab|Lk|;fb >]i7n] lxhf] ;/sf/sf] cfly{s gLltsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{eof] . tyfslyt gofF cfly{s gLltdf s]xL klg gofFkg 5}g . ab|Lk|;fb >]i7 ;'kl/lrt / OdfGbf/ cy{ljb\ elgPtf klg clxn]sf] l:yltdf gofF s]xL ug{ ;Sg] ;fdYo{ pxfFdf klg /x]g5 eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] sfo{qmd nfu" x'g] s'/fdf klg z+sf 5 . t/ of] eGbf ljrf/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg] of] ;/sf/nfO{ hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] NofPsf] gLlt / sfo{qmd kl/jt{g ug]{ clwsf/ 5 ls 5}g <

of] dlGqkl/ifb\ tTsfn sfd rnfpgsf nflu agfOPsf] xf] eg] o:tf] ;/sf/df ;xfos dGqLsf] lgo'lQmsf] cf}lrTo s] x'G5 < cg'/fwf sf]O/fnfnfO{ km"n dGqL lbOPsf] eP klg x'g] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL lgs6 egL NofOPsf dfG5]nfO{ klg km"n dGqL agfOPsf] eP s] lju|GYof] < /fhgLlts b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] cg'/fwf sf]O/fnf / uf]kfn blxt wd{axfb'/ yfkf / jb|L d08neGbf >]i7, ;Ifd / OdfGbf/ 7xl/g ;Qm5g\ . u[xdGqL yfkfsf] OdfGbf/Ldf s;}nfO{ z+sf gxf]nf . t/ ;Ifdtfsf] b[li6n] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} pxfF ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ u[xdGqL 7xl/g] ;Defjgf k|jn 5 . b]zsf] clxn]sf] d'Vo ;d:of zflGt ;'/Iffsf] :yfkgfsf] xf] . >L % af6 jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ 3f]lift ?kdf lbOPsf lhDd]bf/LdWo] klxnf] gDa/df elgPsf] 5— æ/fli6«o ;xdlt ;lxtsf] cg's"n kl/l:yltsf] ;[hgf u/L b]zdf ljBdfg czflGtsf] jftfj/0f x6fpg] .Æ of] nIo k|flKtdf k|d'v e"ldsf u[x dGqfnosf] x'G5 . o:tf] lhDd]bf/L kfpg] JolQm /fhgLlts ‘lehg’, cfTdljZjf; tyf b[9;+sNk–zlQm ePsf] JolQm x'g'k5{ . u[xdGqL yfkfaf6 clxn];Dd To; k|sf/sf] ;+s]t;Dd s;}n] kfPsf 5}gg\ . u[x dGqfno ;fd" clxn] pTkGg ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of dfcf]jfbL ;d:of xf] . t/ of] ;d:ofsf] ;Gbe{df clxn];Dd u[xdGqL yfkfn] k|=d=rGbn] JoQm ug'{ePsf] æ9f]sf v'nf 5, ‘;]n’ u7g x'g]5Æ eGg] jfSo bf]xf]¥ofpg] afx]s s]xL ug{ ;Sg'ePsf] 5}g . of] ;/sf/ ;Qfdf cfPkl5 /fhwfgLdf dfcf]jfbL cft+s emg\ a9]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] Ps}lbg /fhb/af/sf] tLg lt/ lj:kmf]6 u/fP . s]xL ;do cl3;Dd >L % dxf/fhlw/fh :jo+ cWoIf xf]OaS;]sf] xf]6]n ;f]N6Ldf ;d]t ad /fv] . tL ;a} 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L dfcf]jfbLn] lnPsf 5g\ . t/ >L % af6 ljZjf;k"j{s u[x dGqfno alS;Psf yfkfn] clxn];Dd To; 36gfsf ck/fwLnfO{ dfq xf]Og ;+lbUw JolQmsf] klxrfg ;d]t ug{ ;s]gg\ . csf{ dGqL 5g\–8f=pk]Gb| b]jsf]6f . ;'of]Uo / k|Voft lrlsT;s ePsfn] pxfFn] :jf:Yo dGqfno kfpg' :jfefljs lyof] . t/ pxfFsf] km"lt{ / pT;fx b]Vbf o:tf] nfU5— pxfFnfO{ cfkm" cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] dGqL x'F eGg] x]Ssf 5}g . s]xL dlxgf leq >L % af6 k|ltlglw;efsf] r'gfj u/fpg} k5{, r'gfjkl5 of] ;/sf/ /xb}g . jt{dfg dGqLx? r'gfj n8\g gkfpg] ePsfn] r'gfj kl5 aGg] ;/sf/df logLx?sf] pkl:ylt x'g] 5}g . o:tf] ;/sf/sf] dGqL ag]sf ljåfg 8f=n] ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsf nflu 7"nf] of]hgf / cfsif{s sfo{qmd k|:t't ug'{sf] s] cy{ /xG5 < dGqL uf]/]axfb'/ vkf·L / ;xfos dGqL uf]kfn blxtnfO{ lgo'Qm ul/g'sf] cf}lrTo clxn] g} ;dfKt e};s]sf] 5 . vkf·L :jo+ cfkm\g} hflt / ju{af6 lt/:s[t / alx:s[t ePsf 5g\ eg] blxtn] ;/sf/sf] ck]Iff k"/f ug{ g;Sg] :ki6 e} ;s]sf] 5 . o;/L jt{dfg ;/sf/ gLltut sf/0fn] dfq xf]Og JolQmsf] b[li6n] klg c;Ifd / c;kmn 7xl/g] lglZrt k|foM 5 .

dfcf]jfbL–;/sf/ jftf{ clglZrt

dfcf]jfbLx?sf] 7"nf] tof/L cf]vn9'+ufdf ljkmn ePsf] 5 . ?Dhf6f/ / cf]vn9'+ufsf] 36gfn] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ lgSs} Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] ;'/IffsdL{x?sf] dgf]an a9fPsf] 5 . ljjfbf:kb zfxL sbdkl5sf] 36gfqmdn] dfcf]jfbL / ;'/IffsdL{x? k"j{jt c8fg / gLltdf sfod} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . jftf{sf] ;+efjgfaf/] dfcf]jfbLsf] :j/ klg ;/sf/s} h:tf] 5 . k|=d=nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb ‘jftf{sf] 9f]sf v'nf 5’ eGb} pgLx?sf] k|ltlqmof kl5 cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 tbg'?k lg0f{o ug]{ atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . o;sf] k|To'Q/df dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] Ps jQmJo hf/L u/L eg]sf 5g\– æhg;d'bfonfO{ yk clwsf/ ;DkGg t'Nofpg] :ki6 p2]Zosf;fy xfdLn] jftf{ / ;Djfbsf] 9f]sfnfO{ v'Nnf /fVb} cfPsf 5f}+ . ;sf/fTds / cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf nflu jftf{ / ;Djfbsf] 9f]sf xfd|f] tkm{af6 clxn] klg v'Nnf g} 5 .Æ

dfcf]jfbLn] >L % 1fg]Gb|åf/f c;f]h !* ut] rflnPsf] sbdnfO{ k|ltufdL eGb} cfnf]rgf u/]sf] 5 . k|r08sf] o;kN6sf] jQmJodf /fhf / b/af/k|lt k|o'Qm efiff

klxn] klxn] eGbf s]xL lzi6 b]lvG5 . Ps ;"q cg';f/, dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr jftf{ u/fpg jf dWo:y aGg OR5's ljb]zLx?n] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] s'/f lzi6, ;/n / ;'kfRo 9+un] k|:t't ug{ cfu|x u/]kl5 pgLx?sf] z}nLdf ;fdfGo kl/jt{g cfPsf] xf] . t/ pgLx?sf] c8fgdf s'g} kl/jt{g b]lv+b}g . k|r08n] ‘g/d’ elgPsf] of] jQmJo dfkm{t\ klg æ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgåf/f gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ dfu /fVb} o;sf] nflu æb]zsf ;a} /fhgLlts bn / af}l4s ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw Pj+ /fhf;d]t a;]/Æ ;sf/fTds /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg' kg]{ / /fhfn] Tofusf] k|bz{g ug{ h?/L ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k|rf/df dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/nfO{ pl5g]sf] 5 . pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] p2]Zo / sfo{qmdsf] kIfdf tyf ;/sf/ tkm{af6 ePsf] bdg / Hofblt af/] u/]sf] k|rf/n] w]/}nfO{ cfs[i6 ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . k|hftGq / u/Lj d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf nflu k|lta4 /fi6« / ;+:yfx? o:tf b]zdf x'g] lx+;fTds ;+3if{sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg lgSs} lqmofzLn x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . pgLx? ca g]kfntkm{ klg cfs[i6 ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnl:yt cd]l/sL / o'/f]kLo s"6gLlt1x? o; k|;+udf klxn]b]lv ?lr lnO/x]sf lyP eg] ca ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf k|ltlglw klg uDeL/ eP/ o;df nfu]sf 5g\ . o'=Pg=8L=kL=sf k|ltlglwn] ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLr jftf{sf] nflu cfjZos k/]df cfkm" ;+nUg x'g tof/ ePsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr æ3/ labfÆdf g]kfn cfpg' ePsf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf pkdxf;lrj s"nrGb| uf}td klg of] dfdnfdf ljz]if cle?lrsf;fy lqmofzLn x'g' ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] /fhf, k|wfgdGqL, g]sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, dfgj clwsf/jfbL 8f=b]j]Gb|/fh kf08] ;lxt ljleGg JolQmTjx?nfO{ e]6]/ dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr jftf{sf] ;+efjgf Pj+ lgsf;sf pkfox?af/] la:t[t 5nkmn ug'{ ePsf] 5 . uf}tdn] ljleGg JolQmnfO{ atfP cg';f/, dxf;lrj sf]kmL cGgfg klg g]kfnsf] lx+;f / ;d:ofaf6 lrlGtt x'g'x'G5 / o;sf] ;dfwfg kQf nufpg OR5's x'g'x'G5 . oxfF k|fKt hfgsf/L / cfkm\gf] cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg uf}tdn] dxf;lrj cGgfgnfO{ klg lbg' x'g]5 . u'NdLdf hlGd'g ePsf uf}td ;+=/f=;+=sf] pkdxf;lrj h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ kbdf k'Ug] klxnf] g]kfnL x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] g]kfnsf] lbuf] ljsf; ;DaGwL ljz]if of]hgf agfpg] tof/L klg ul//xg' ePsf] a'lemG5 .

psfnf]–cf]/fnf]

xl/x/ lj/xL

@))& ;fndf /fhf lqe'jgn] k|hftflGqs zlQm / k|hftGqnfO{ ;fy glbPsf eP g]kfnsf] /fhtGq cfh s:tf] l:yltdf x'g] lyof] < @)$^ ;fndf >L % jL/]Gb| hgcfGbf]ngsf/L zlQm;+u ;+emf}tf ug]{ ;§f /fhTjsf] cledfgdf ;Lldt ePsf eP /fh;+:yf s'g cj:yfdf k'Ug] lyof] xf]nf < o:tf k|Zgn] Oltxf;sf] ;+emgf dfq u/fpFb}g, eljiosf nflu klg s]xL ;Gb]z lbg ;S5 . hgtf k|ltzf]waf6 k|]l/t x'Fb}g . cfkm"nfO{ ;fy lbg]x?sf] ctLt pgLx? t'?Gt} ljl;{lbG5g\ . /fhf lqe'jgaf6 ‘rf/ zxLb’x?sf] d[To'b08nfO{ ;b/ ul/aS;]sf] tYo df};"km k|hftGqsf] kIfdf nfUgf;fy hgtfn] ljl;{lbP, /fhf jL/]Gb| hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgfsf] sb/ ug{ /fhL x'gf;fy /fh;+:yfnfO{ ‘/fli6«o Pstfsf] k|tLs’ dflgof] . g]tfx?sf] ;Gbe{df klg hgtfn] o:t} k|s[lt b]vfPsf 5g\ . lxhf];Dd ;a}eGbf cfnf]lrt / c;kmn 7flgPsf g]tf g} cfh hgtfsf] cfzf / cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| ag]sf 5g\ . To;}n] >L % 1fg]Gb|af6 ‘;+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0f / kfngf ug]{’ bfloTj ;DkGg ug{s} nflu jfWo eP/ hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ kbRo't u/L /fHo;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnOPsf] ljZjf; lbnfpFb} ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k4ltk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ Jojxf/df cg'jfb u/L ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf cg'?k sbd rflnaS;]df jftfj/0f ;'lw|g c;Dej 5}g . k|hftGqjfbL / b]zeQmx? hgtf / /fhfaLr le8Gtsf] kIfdf slxNo} /x]gg\ . g]kfndf /fh;+:yf cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] x/]s If0f k|hftGqjfbLx? /fhfsf;fy plePsf 5g\— @))& sf] qmflGt jf @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng afx]s klg o:tf y'k|} 36gf 5g\ . @)%^ h]7 !^ sf] /fhb/af/ xTofsf08, >L % 1fg]Gb|sf] /fHof/f]x0f Pj+ tTsfnLg pmxfkf]x / på]ngn] b]zsf k|hftGqjfbLn] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsf ToxL >[+vnfsf] Pp6f s8L lyof] . t/ clxn] /fhfsf] of] ljjfbf:kb sbdsf] ;a}eGbf s7f]/ cfnf]rgf k|hftGqjfbLx?n] g} ul//x]sf 5g\ . oBlk pgLx?nfO{ cem} klg /fhfnfO{ ‘;+j}wflgs /fhtGq’sf] kl/lwdf /fVg ;lsg] ljZjf; 5 . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ c6'6 /fVg] k'/fgf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgs} nflu g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+ljwfg;efsf] df+unfO{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf] 5}g . of] jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] nflu r'gfj ePdf To;kl5 aGg] ;+ljwfgdf hgclwsf/sf] s] cj:yf /xnf eGg ;lsGg, t/ /fh;+:yf rflx+ 7"nf] ;+s6df kg{ ;S5 . #) jif{ ;+3if{ / hgcfGbf]ng u/]/ NofPsf] Pj+ /fhf :jo+af6 :jLsf/ ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] ;Ldf tf]8]/ >L % af6 /fHo;Qf :jo+ u|x0f ul/aS;]kZrft\ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf kIfw/x? u0ftGqjfbL ;fd' lg?Q/ ePsf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] jrg %) jif{ cl3 @))& ;fndf >L % lqe'jgaf6 g} lbOPsf] lyof] . h'g ‘P]ltxfl;s’ 3f]if0ffsf sf/0f ‘hgqmflGt’ :ylut ePsf] lyof], Tof] g} sfof{Gjog ul/Pg . cfkm\gf] k|lts"n x'g] cfz+sfn] /fhfaf6 ;+ljwfg;efsf] x}g ;+;b\sf] ;d]t r'gfj u/fOPg . g]=sf= ;+3if{df plqPkl5 /fhf dx]Gb|af6 :jo+ ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ @)!% df ;+;b\sf] r'gfj u/fOof] . t/ To; cg';f/ lgjf{lrt ;+;b\ / ;/sf/ klg /fhfsf] cg's"n ePg / !* dlxgfd} Tof] ;+ljwfg, ;+;b\, ;/sf/, /fhgLlts ;a}nfO{ vf/]h Pj+ k|ltjlGwt ul/of] . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] hgcfGbf]ngkZrft\ ag]sf] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfgn] ljutsf] cg'ejnfO{ klg b[li6ut u/]/ /fhfnfO{ cToGt ;Lldt clwsf/ lbof] . of] ;+ljwfgn]

/fh;+:yfsf] dxTj, ul/df / ;Ddfg a9fPsf] 5 . :j=/fhf jL/]Gb|af6 s]xL ckjfb jfx]s k|foM o;sf] dof{bf /fVg] / oxL bfo/fdf ;Lldt x'g] r]i6f ul/alS;of] . o;n] ubf{ y'k|} u0ftGqjfbLx?sf] /fhfk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g cfof] . oxfF;Ddls dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ;d]t u0ftGqsf] cfkm\gf] dfu tTsfn yftL /fVg g]sf / p;sf] ;/sf/n] /fhL u/fPsf] lyof] . t/ u0ftGqsf] dfu tTsfn yftL /fVb}df dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng sdhf]/ gePsf], pgLx?;Fu ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{ ljjztf cfOk/]sf] / pgLx?n] klxnf] dfusf] ?kdf æ;+ljwfg;efÆnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ k/Dk/fut ?kdf ;dy{g u/L cfPsf / k/Dk/fut wf/0ffdf k'glj{rf/ ug{ grfxg]x?nfO{ klg ljRsfOof] eg] /fhfn] of] ;Lldt clwsf/af6 klg alGrt x'g] l:ylt cfpg ;S5 . of] jftfj/0fdf aGg] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg agfpg kfof] eg] To;df k|hftflGqs d"No– dfGotfx?n] xfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf hlt klg :yfg gkfpg ;S5g\ . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf k|hftGqjfbLx?sf] e"ldsf sdhf]/ x'gf;fy To;df k|hftGq / /fhtGq b'j}sf] kIf sdhf]/ x'g] ePsfn] g} g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf pleg g;s]sf] :ki6 5 .

/fhfaf6 uNtL x'g] k|z:t ;Defjgf /xg] ePsfn] g} uNtL ug]{ cj;/ Go"g x'g] k4lt– ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . /fh;+:yfsf] eljio / lxtsf nflu of] eGbf pko'Qm k4ltsf] ;[li6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq gePsf sf/0fn] ctLtdf /fhfx?af6 ePsf s}of}+ lg0f{ox? ljjfbdf k/]sf 5g\ / To:tf sltko lg0f{ox? /fhfaf6 lkmtf{ lnPsf tyf ;RofOPsf 36gfx? k|z:t 5g\ . clxn] klg >L % af6 sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ :jo+ u|x0f u/]kZrft s]xL cgk]lIft sfo{ ePsf 5g\ . h;n] b]zsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?df /fhfk|lt c;Gtf]if / cljZjf; pTkGg u/fPsf] 5 . b]z ;+s6sf] e'Fd/Ldf km;]sf] / ;+s6af6 d'Qm ug{ hgzlQm / /fhzlQmaLr ;dGjo x'g' kg]{ vfFrf] emg\ a9]sf] ;dodf pTkGg of] b"/Ln] ;+s6nfO{ cem ulx/f] kfg{ ;S5 . cx+sf/sf] kl/Tofun] lgsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng ;S5 . hf] a9L ;Ddflgt / hf]lvdk"0f{ :yfgdf 5, Tof] Tolt g} pbf/, ;lxi0f' / Jofjxfl/s x'g'kb{5 . /fhgLlts bnx?n] of] !@ aif{df cgluGtL uNtL u/]sf 5g\ . ;a} uNtL cGhfgdf ePsf] xf]Og . cfkm\gf] :jfy{ / cx+sf/n] pgLx?sf] k|lti7f / ljZjf; kftfndf k'Uof] . g]tfx?sf] 5ljdf sfnf] kf]ltof] . /fhfaf6 hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ To;/L kbRo't ubf{ tyf /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ pk]Iff ub}{ lgb{nLo z}nLn] zf;g ;+rfng ug{ vf]Hbf klg v} pgLx?k|lt ;xfg'e"lt < k|hftGqk|lt ldq /fi6«x? lrlGtt b]lvP, t/ oL g]tf / bnx?k|lt s'g} ju{ / d'n'sn] ;xfg'e"lt k|s6 u/]gg\ . ;a}nfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;Ldfdf a:g k|]l/t ug'{kg]{ bn / ;/sf/n] g} cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf nflu v'n]cfd ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/f tf]8] kl5 c?nfO{ s] eGg] < t;y{ /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx? Pp6} 7fpFdf a;]/ /fi6« / hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ ;jf]{kl/ dxTj lbP/ v'nf x[bon] cf–cfkm\gf] uNtL :jLsfb}{ ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/feGbf l;+uf] …;+ljwfgsf] efjgfÚ cg'?ksf] /fhgLlts ljsNk vf]Hg] xf] eg] ;xdltsf] ljGb' km]nf kg]{ ;+efjgf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5}g . t/ ;fdfGh:o / ;fldKo vf]Hg] ;§f cem} ljjfb / ts{df ;do v]/ kmfNg' emg\ 3fts x'g;S5 . lg/Gt/ hgtfsf] nflu ;+3if{ ug]{, hgclwsf/ :yflkt u/fpg] tyf hglgjf{rgdf hgtfaf6 ;Ddfghgs dt kfpg] /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ 6]lnkmf]gsf] ;'ljwf lng / ;do ;dodf jQmJo lbg dfq btf{ ePsf bnx?sf] j}zfvL 6]Sg vf]Hg' tyf /fhgLltssdL{ / a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;Qfnf]n'k / cj;/jfbL agfpg vf]Hg' zf]egLo / cf}lrTok"0f{ 7xb}{g . /fhgLlts ofqfdf psfnf]–cf]/fnf] cfO/xG5g\ . /fhf / /fhgLltsx?n] of] la;f}gLdf cfO{ k'Ug w]/} em~emfjft em]n]sf 5g\, yl/yl/sf rf]6k6s Joxf]/]sf 5g\ . clxn] b'j} kIf Ps;fy gofF e'Fd/Ldf kmF;]sf 5g\ . b'j}nfO{ Ps csf{sf] ;xof]u rflxPsf] 5 . b'j}sf] ;Ldf, Ifdtf / ;fdYo{ pb\3fl6t eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] k/:k/ cljZjf;, cx+sf/ / c;xof]usf] cg'e"ltn] a9fPsf] b"/L x6fpg b'j} kIf k|To'Tkfbs cledfg Tofu]/ cu|;/ ePdf d'n'sdf xfn JofKt cGof}n / cfz+sfsf] sfnf] jfbn kmf6\g ;S5 . clxn] yk s6'tf / b'/L a9fpg] clk|o cg'bf/ / ck|hftflGqs ljsNk vf]Hg]lt/ gnfUg' g} >]ois/ xf]nf .

v8\sf / u'KtfnfO{ slt ;hfo xf]nf <

clVtof/sf] y'gfdf kg'{ ePsf k"j{ dGqLx? u[xdGqL v'daxfb'/ v8\sf / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqL hok|sfz cfgGb u'KtfnfO{ pxfFx?s} ;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] e|i6frf/ ;DalGwt d'2f x]g]{ ljz]if cbfntn] clVtof/n] #) lbg;Dd y'gfdf /fVg cfb]z kfpg egL u/]sf] dfu ;DaGwdf ;'g'jfO{ ;'? u/]sf] 5 . cfo;|f]t ljgfsf] ;DklQ /fv]jfkt / ljj/0f 9fF6]jfkt csf{ k"j{ dGqL lr/~hLjL jfUn] / pxfFsf k'q b]j]Gb| jfUn]n] lxhf] clVtof/ ;fd' 5'§f5'§} nfdf] aofg lbP eg] cem s]xL k"j{ dGqLx? ;DklQ Goflos 5fglag cfof]udf aofg lbO/x]sf 5g\ . dGqL– k'q jfUn]sf] lxhf]sf] aofgaf6 clVtof/ ;Gt'i6 x'g g;s]sf] a'lemG5 . hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/ b]j]Gb| jfUn]n] aofgsf] qmddf cfkm"n] ‘s]xL clgoldttf u/]sf]’ :jLsf/ ub}{ s/ 5NgnfO{ To;f] ul/Psf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] clVtof/nfO{ k"j{ ;/sf/af6 3f]lift ‘:jod\ cfos/ 3f]if0ff’ ;DjGwL gLlt cGt/ut #% nfv ?= /fh:j a'emfPsf] atfpFb} To; cfwf/df cfkm"n] # s/f]8 ^) nfv;Ddsf] ;DklQ /fVg kfpg] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] cfosf] ;|f]tdf ko{6g Joj;fo / ljb]zdf hgzlQm cfk"lt{ /x]sf] atfpFb} ;DklQsf] 7"nf] c+z ljb]zaf6} cfPsf] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . t/ ljb]zaf6 cfPsf] k'i6L ug{ a}+ssf k|df0fx? dfUbf jfUn]n] lbg ;s]gg\ . pgn] ljb]zaf6 cfPsf] egL 7"nf] /sd bfjL u/] tfklg a}+s dfkm{t\ eg] cToGt sd cfPsf] k|df0f k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . cfof]un] aofgsf qmddf o;af/] k|Zg ubf{ pgn] s/ 5Ngsf nflu a}+s bflvnf gu/L leqleq} n]gb]g ul/Psf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgL ;+nUg /x]]sf elgPsf sDkgLsf vftfx? x]bf{ cfof]un] tLg aif{ cl3;Dd tL sDkgLx? lgs} 3f6fdf /x]sf] k|df0f km]nf kf/]sf] 5 . To; otfsf cjlwdf 6«fen Ph]G;L nufot pgL ;+nUg /x]sf] elgPsf x/]s Joj;fo emg\ ;+s6df k/]sf 5g\ . t/ jfUn]n] s/ 5Ngsf nflu /]s8{df 3f6f b]vfOPsf] atfpFb} cfkm\gf] sDkgL ;w}+ gfkmfdf /x]sf] cljZj;gLo bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . k"j{ dGqL jfUn] / k'q jfUn]sf bfjL / k|df0faLr d]n gvfPsf]n] 5fglag 6'Uofpg cem s]xL lbg nfUg] ePsf] 5 . hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/, lktf–k'q b'a} cGttM bf]ifL g} 7xl/g] nIf0f 5 . jfUn]sf] d'2f 6'+luPkl5 c? dGqLx?nfO{ cfof]un] 8fSg] ePsf] 5 .

cl:t a'waf/af6 k"j{dGqL v8\sfsf] rf}Yff] / u'Ktfsf] ;ftf}+ aofgkl5 clVtof/ pxfFx?nfO{ y'gfd} /fv]/ yk 5fglag ug'{ kg]{ lgisif{df k'u]sf] xf] . pxfFx?nfO{ nufOPsf] cleof]u k'i6L eof] eg] bzjif{;Dd s}b x'g ;Qm5 . v8\sf u[xdGqL x'Fbf pxfFn] g} ;bgdf k]z u/]sf] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g @)%* df Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF eGbf dflysf] /sd k'Ug] u/L e|i6frf/sf] s;'/ u/]sf] x7l/Pdf !) jif{ s}b / ljuf] adf]lhdsf] hl/jfgf x'g] Joj:yf 5 . of] P]gsf] ;'?d} cyf{t\ To;sf] kl/R5]b @ bkmf # df b08sf] o:tf] k|fjwfg pNn]v 5 . v8\sfdfly df]/ªsf] jqmfxf gbL lgoGq0f ;DaGwdf clgoldt 7]Ssf lbO{ !@ s/f]8 e|i6frf/ g} ePsf] / /fKtL k'n lgdf{0f qmddf !# s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] 7]Ssf lb+bf clgoldttf u/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 . pQm P]gsf] csf]{ bkmf adf]lhd sf/jfxL eof] eg] klg # jif{ s}b / ljuf] adf]lhdsf] hl/jfgf / ljuf] /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 eGg] pNn]v 5 .

u'Ktfdfly klg To:t} cf/f]k 5 . u'Ktfsf !& j6f kmfOndf s}lkmot / e|i6frf/hGo sfd ePsf] k|f/lDes txdf b]lvPsf] cf/f]k clVtof/n] nufPsf] 5 . pQm P]gsf] bkmf * sf] -r_ u'Ktfdfly k|of]u ul/Psf] cf/f]kkq xf] . ToxfF elgPsf] 5– ‘dgfl;j sf/0f ljgf, cfjZos kg]{ eGbf c:jfefljs ?kdf a9L ;fdfg vl/b ug]{, u/fpg]’ . tTsfnLg dGqL u'Ktfn] @) xhf/ df]jfOn ;]6 rflxg]df cfkm\g} kfnfdf dfq ^) xhf/ ;]6 cyf{t\ b"/ ;~rf/sf] df]jfOn ;~rfngsf] IfdtfeGbf # u'0ff a9L x'g] u/L cfoft Ohfht lbPsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 . of] s'/fnfO{ u'Ktf cfkm}+n] klg :jLsfg'{ ePsf] atfOG5 . u'Ktfdfly nufOPsf cGo cf/f]kdf rnlrq af]8{ u7gb]lv lghL If]qsf Rofgnx?nfO{ /]l8of] k|;f/0f P]g ljk/Lt 6]lnlehg k|;f/0f ug{ lbOPsf], To;f] ubf{ s/f]8f}+sf] e|i6frf/ ePsf] cf/f]k klg ylkPsf] 5 . pxfFn] To:t} k|sf/sf clgoldt ?kn] ;b/ u/]sf 8]9 bh{g kmfOnx? clVtof/sf] sAhfdf k/]sf 5g\ . oL b'j} dGqLx?n] k|To]s kl5Nnf aofgdf cfkm"dfly nfu]sf cf/f]ksf] Ps kl5 csf]{ ljjfb pTkfbg ug]{, t/ k|i6\ofpg rflx+ g;Sg] ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] kfOP kl5 pxfFx?;Fu aofg lng] cfo'Qmx? cGTodf k|df0f gi6 ul/g] 7x/df k'u]/ y'gfdf /fVg' kg]{ lgisif{df k'u] . cl:t a'wjf/ ;fFem ^ jh] ;a} cfo'Qmx?sf] a}7s a:of] / & ah] tkfO{+nfO{ yk cg';Gwfg ug{ ;'/Iffdf lng' kg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf eGg] k'hL{ ydfO{ of] / cl3b]lv t}gfy ul/Psf k|x/Lx?sf] ;'/Iffdf lhDdf lbOof] .

;f] lbg clVtof/ kl/;/df l67nfUbf] jftfj/0f lyof] . kqmfp k/]kl5 pxfFx?nfO{ k|x/L Eofgleq /fv]/ l;+xb/af/ -cgfdgu/_ j8f k|x/L tkm{ NofpFbf pxfFsf ;dy{s s]xL cl3;Dd pxfFs} /fHodGqL /x]sf b]j]Gb|/fh sF8]n :jo+ v8\sf lhGbfjfb eGg] gf/f nufpg yfn] . v8\sf / u'Ktfsf] Tof] ofqf e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL cf/f]kdf h]ntkm{sf] lyof] . e|i6frf/ s;'/df h]n ofqfnfO{ lhGbfjfbsf] gf/fn] ;dy{g hgfOPsf] 36gf ;xh lyPg . klxn] pxfFx? clVtof/df cfpFbf cf–cfkm\g} lghL ‘k|f8f]’ df cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ToxfFaf6 kmls{bf k|x/L Eofgdf r9\g' k/]sf] b[Zo klg To:t} b]lvGYof] . ;f] lbg nueu lbge/L g} kqsf/ / ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sx? clVtof/sf] kl/;/ aflx/ k|tLIff/t lyP . kl/;/df /flvPsf b'O{ j6f cfw'lgs df]6/ jf @ r ^!!( / jf # r &&#( ;Fu} lgl:sP . t/ tL df]6/df 8«fOe/ dfq lyP . ‘vf]O pxfFx?’ ;a}n] ;f]Wbf 8«fOe/x? eGb} lyP– ‘ca pxfFx? o;df xf]Og, Eofgdf hfg' x'G5  .’

of] 36gfaf6 clVtof/af6 k"j{ dGqLx? y'lgg] qmd ;'? ePsf] dflgPsf] 5 . b]pjf kf6L{sf pk;efklt tyf tTsfnLg cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqL lr/~hLjL jfUn] nfOgdf x'g'x'G5 . To;kl5 pxfFsf rlr{t k'q b]j]Gb| jfUn]sf] kfnf] cfpg ;Qm5 . cf/f]k k'i6L eof] eg] k"j{ dGqL jfUn]nfO{ b'O{ jif{ s}b / ljuf] adf]lhd hl/jfgf / ;DklQ hkmt x'g] Joj:yf 5 .

clVtof/sf] sf/jfxLsf] ;"rLdf csf{ k"j{ dGqL anaxfb'/ s];L klg 5g\ . pgn] u}/ sfg'gL sfd u/]sf] egL tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ pgLdfly sf/jfxL ug{ clVtof/n] g} kq n]v]sf] lyof] – t/ sf/jfxL ePg . k"j{ dGqL s];Ln] u}/ sfg'gL lgo'lQmx? u/]af6 ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ cfly{s gf]S;fgL kf/]sf] eGg] clVtof/sf] Tof] af]nfsf] cf/f]k lyof] . s];L To;sf] b08efuL x'g afFsL g} 5 . To:t} cf/f]k csf{ k"j{ /fHodGqL ;j{wg /fO{ dfly klg nfu]sf] lyof] . s];LnfO{ ;DklQ 5fglag cfof]un] klg aofg ln+b}5 . ;DklQ 5fglag cfof]udf em'7f] ljj/0f lbg]df csf{ k"j{ dGqL z/t\l;+x e08f/L klg k/]sf 5g\ . b]pjf dGqL kl/ifb\sf b'O{ ;b:o klxn] g} clVtof/ nfu]/ avf{:t e};s]sf lyP . ca clVtof/df wfpg] ;"rLdf csf{ k"j{ dGqL kfNt]g u'?ª klg kg]{ ePsf 5g\ . pgnfO{ ;|f]t ljgfsf] ;DklQ cfh{gsf] cf/f]ksf ;fy} clgoldt tl/sfn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ rnfpg]x?nfO{ To:t} u}/ sfg'gL ?kaf6 nfO;]G; lbOPsf] Tof] klg Pp6f b'O{j6f geP/ %)–^) j6f k'¥ofPsf] eGg] pbfx/0f ;lxtsf] cf/f]k kq To;a]nf ToxL dGqfnosf /fHodGqLn] k|wfgdGqL ;fd' ph'/L btf{ u/]sf lyP . clxn] of] d'2f klg clVtof/df k'u]sf] 5 . hn;|f]t dGqLaf6 x6]sf csf{ dGqL tyf b]pjf ;d"xsf ;xdxfdGqL lahos'df/ uR5bf/ klg clVtof/df tflgb}5g\ . pgn] dxfsfnL l;+rfO of]hgfdf 7]s]bf/n] sjf]nsf] eGbf & s/f]8 a9L /sd lbg] ;DaGwL kmfOn ;b/ u/]sf atfOG5 . oBlk ;f] e'QmfgL x'g'eGbf cl3 g} pxfFsf] ;/sf/ 9Nof] . t/ ;DalGwt kmfOn rflx+ pxfFs} 3/f{df /x]sf] ;"qx? atfpF5g\ .

d"nwf/fdf kmls{g sf]O/fnfsf] cfx\jfg

d'n'sdf k|hftflGqs zlQm sdhf]/ ePsf] a]nf kf6L{nfO{ Pstfa4 9+uaf6 cufl8 a9fpg' k5{ eg] kf6L{ sfo{stf{ / z'elrGtsx?sf] efjgfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] kf6L{sf] d"nwf/f 5f]8]/ b]pjf kIfdf nfu]sf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ 3/ kmls{g ckLn ug'{ ePsf] 5 . lxhf] hf/L ug'{ ePsf] jQmJodf sf]O/fnfn] eGg'ePsf] 5– ut h]7 * ut] ePsf] k|ltlglw;efsf] cg'lrt Pj+ c;fdlos lj36gkZrft kf6L{leq 36]sf 36gfqmdsf] ;Gbe{df ljleGg sf/0fjz ljrlnt ePsf Pj+ e|ddf k/]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx?nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cfkm\gf] d"nwf/fdf k'gM ;dfj]z e} Ifdtf / pmhf{nfO{ /fli6«otf, k|hftGq Pj+ ;dfhjfbsf] cfbz{sf nflu ;dlk{t ug{ ckLn ub{5' . ctLtsf clk|o ljjfbnfO{ la;]{/ /fi6«sf] ;Dj]bgzLn o; 38Ldf kf6L{sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt x'g cfpg] ;fyLx?k|lt ljgf k"jf{u|x plrt sb/ Pj+ ;Ddfgk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{ kf6L{sf ;a} lgsfo Pj+ ;+u7gx?nfO{ o;} jQmJo dfkm{t lgb]{zg hf/L ub{5' .Æ ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds ultljlwaf6 l;lh{t cft+s / eoaf6 Psflt/ ;du| /fi6« cfqmfGt 5 eg] csf]{lt/ @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng Pj+ @)$& sf] ;+ljwfg dfkm{t\ ;'lglZrt ePsf] g]kfnL hgtfdf cGt/lgxLt ;fj{ef}d clwsf/, ax'bnLo Joj:yf Pj+ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf d"No / dfGotf pk/ xfn}sf 36gfqmdn] u+eL/ cfz+sf / k|Zg lrGx v8f ePsf] atfpFb} eGg' ePsf] 5– æk|hftGq / o;sf] cu'jfO{ ug]{ g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ sdhf]/ / ljeQm kfg]{ nfdf] ;dob]lv ePsf cg]s if8\oGqx? cfh k|i6 x'Fb}5g\ . o; gofF kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL sf+u|];, o;sf] eft[ ;+:yf Pj+ z'e]R5'sx?n] uDeL/ e} cfkm\gf] P]ltxfl;s bfloTj Pj+ lhDd]jf/Lk|lt ;r]t x'g' h?/L 5 . l;4fGtk|ltsf] lgi7f, :ki6 c8fg, ;+od Pj+ kf6L{ Pstf cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] .Æ

kf6L{x? hgtfaLr hfg]

c;f]h !* ut] /fhfaf6 ePsf] zfxL 3f]if0ff lj?4 d'n'ssf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . /fhfaf6 ePsf] c;+j}wflgs sbd tTsfn g;RofP cem s8f ?kdf k|:t't x'g] r]tfjgL klg pgLx?n] lbPsf 5g\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|];n] hgcfGbf]ngsf] pknlAw / ;+j}wflgs tyf k|hftflGqs d"No, dfGotf / k4ltsf] /Iffsf nflu sflQs @@ ut] b]lv d+l;/ !) ut];Dd &% j6} lhNnfdf k|yd r/0fsf] kf6L{ ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf hgr]tgf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd to u/]sf] 5 . h;sf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] ;+of]hsTjdf ljleGg lhNnfdf sfo{ ;+rfngsf] cleef/f lbP/ ljleGg @$ j6f 6f]nL v6fOPsf] 5 . To:tf] 6f]nLn] lhNnfdf lhNnf:t/Lo / If]qdf If]qLo e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{5 . h;df kf6L{ / eft[ ;+u7gsf ;a} txsf sfo{stf{x? ;xefuL x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . oL 6f]nLx?n] kf6L{sf] lg0f{ox?nfO{ kf6L{ ;+u7g / eft[ ;+:yfx?sf] ;a} tx x'Fb} hg:t/;Dd k'¥ofpg], a'l4hLjL, Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt, ;dfh;]jL;+u e]63f6 / cGt/lqmof ug]{5 . To;}u/L k|hftGq / ;+ljwfgsf kIfw/ /fhgLlts bnx?;Fu klg e]63f6 u/]/ cfk;L ;dembf/L sfod ug]{ atfOPsf] 5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|];n] eft[ ;+:yfx?nfO{ sflQs @@ ut]b]lv cGt/lqmof Pj+ uf]i7L ug]{ / tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf d+l;/ !) ut] a[xb\ ;ef ug]{ sfo{qmd th'{df u/]sf] 5 . h; cg';f/ g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3n] sf7df8f}+df, g]kfn dlxnf ;+3n] la/f6gu/df, g]kfn blnt ;+3n] l;/fxf, g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog sf+u|];n] k;f{df, g]kfn k|hftGq ;]gfgL ;+3n] lrtjgdf, g]kfn e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;+3n] kf]v/fdf, g]kfn ls;fg ;+3n] wg'iffdf, g]kfn t?0f bnn] g]kfnu~hdf Pj+ g]kfn cflbaf;L hghflt ;+3n] emfkfdf cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ug]{5g\ .

kf6L{sf] ;+u7gnfO{ cem a9L ;'b[9 Pj+ ;zQm kfg{, lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug]{ / gofF lqmofzLn ;b:otf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg cleofgsf] ?kdf lhNnf–lhNnfdf ;+rfng ug]{ kf6L{n] lgb]{z u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf vl6g] ;+of]hs tyf ;b:ox?nfO{ cfh laxfg ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no 6]s'df lgb]{zg lbg' x'g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .

g]skf Pdfn]n] klg zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] lj/f]wdf Ps dlxg] hgr]tgf sfo{qmd lxhf] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . of] cleofg d+l;/ # ut] ;'? e} k'; # ut] ;dfKt x'g] Pdfn]n] hgfPsf] 5 . hgr]tgf sfo{qmd cGtu{t d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd !# j6f c~rn :t/Lo hg;ef ul/g] hfgsf/L lxhf] cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] lbg'eof] .

Ps dlxg] hgr]tgf cleofg cGt/ut ljtf{df]8, O6x/L, /fhlj/fh, hgsk'/, jL/u~h, a'6jn, kf]v/f, jfUn'ª, bfª, g]kfnu~h wgu9L, dx]Gb|gu/ / sf7df8f}+df hg;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] eGg'eof]– æd'n'snfO{ d'7e]8af6 arfpg ;Djfb / ;xdltsf] af6f]af6} cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ s'/fdf xfd|f] kf6L{ b[9 ljZjf; u5{ . t/ To;sf] j]jf:tf u/L d'n'snfO{ k|ltudgtkm{ ws]n] To;sf] kl/0ffd u+eL/ x'g]5 .Æ

hgdf]rf{ kf6L{n] klg c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff lj?4 ! dlxgf nfdf] sfo{qmd to u/]sf] 5 . sflQs @% ut]b]lv d+l;/ @% ut];Dd ;f] kf6L{n] b]zJofkL ?kdf hg;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/g] hgfPsf] 5 . cfufdL k'; ! ut] &% j6} lhNnfdf hge]nf ug]{ / k'; & ut] sf7df8f}+df ljzfn hg;ef ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .

– k|sfz lu/L

cfhsf] ;Gbe{df aL=kL=sf] ;Demgf

x/]s ;+s6sf] a]nf aL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf ljrf/, dfGotf / cleJolQmx?af6 k|]/0ff lng]x?n] xfnsf] ljjfbsf] ;Gbe{df klg :juL{o hggfosnfO{ ;Demg yfn]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] 36gfnfO{ @)!& ;fn;+u t'ngf ug]{x?sf] sdL 5}g, oBlk @)!& ;fn / clxn]sf] kl/jt{gdf s}of}+ leGgtf 5g\ . h] eP klg >L % af6 xfn rflnPsf sltko sbd u}/ ;+j}wflgs b]lvG5g\ . @)!& ;fndf tTsfnLg /fhf >L % dx]Gb|af6 rflnPsf] sbd af/] sf]O/fnfn] JofVof ub}{ w]/} s'/f eGg' ePsf] 5 . Pp6f o:t} JofVof pxfFn] @)## ;fndf /fli6«o d]nldnfksf] gLlt lnP/ :jb]z kmls{PkZrft ljz]if cbfntdf lbg' ePsf] aofgdf klg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] pQm P]ltxfl;s aofgdf eGg' ePsf] lyof]– @)!% ;fnsf] /fhf k|bQ ;+ljwfg @))& ;fnsf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] sa'lnotsf] k"lt{df nfu" ul/Psf] lyof] . @))& ;fnsf] zfxL 3f]if0ffdf lgxLt efjgf, k"0f{tf / cfTdf ;fy} ;+ljwfg th'{df ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] lgb]{zgaf6 cnluP/ æxfd|f k|hfsf] zf;g ca pk|fGt lghx?n] lgjf{lrt u/]sf] ;+ljwfg;efn] th'{df u/]sf] k|hftflGqs ljwfg cg';f/ xf];\ eGg] xfd|f] OR5f / lg0f{o ePsf]n]Æ >L % dxf/fhflw/fhn] @)!% ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg hgtfnfO{ aS;]sf] ePtf klg hgtfn] To;nfO{ lz/f]wfo{ u¥of] . To;lbg km]l/ /fhf / k|hfsf] ;femfsf] k|of; k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . o; Gofofnosf] cufl8 Pp6f k|Zg p7fpg rfxG5' / of] k|Zg Gofo l;4fGt ;DaGwL k|Zg xf] . s] /fhfn] lbOaS;]sf] s'/f] Psf]xf]/f] :j]R5fn] (Unilaterally) df};"kmaf6 kmsf{pg ;lsalS;G5 < wfld{s b[li6n] x]¥of}+ eg] klg bfgdf lbO;s]sf] j:t'nfO{ bftfn] Psf]xf]/f]

:j]R5fn] k'gM x:tut ug{ ;Sb}g . sfg'gL b[li6n] x]bf{ klg lbO;s]sf] bfg kmsf{P/ lng kfOb}g . ;+j}wflgs b[li6af6 t emg\ of] ;Dej 5}g, gq eg] a]nfotsf] dxf/fgL Plnhfj]y låtLon] Dofu gfsf6f{nfO{ jfk; lng ;Sg] eOg\ . Jofjxfl/s b[li6af6 klg lbPsf] s'/f vf]:g] clwsf/sf] l;4fGtnfO{ s'g} :t/df klg :jLsf/ u/]sf v08df 3f]/ clglZrGttf / cJoj:yfn] Jojxf/ ;j{yf c;Dej eP/ hfG5 . pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] lyof]– g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df hgtfsf] ;DdfgnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ of gful/sx?sf] t]hf]jw ug]{ sfo{ Toqf] 7"nf] k}dfgfdf klxn] slxNo} ePsf] lyPg, @)!& ;fndf cGofosf] ljhf/f]k0f ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/L :t/af6 ePsf] cGofon] dflg;sf] dgdf Gofo, P]g, sfg'gk|lt pbfl;gtf / st} st} lj/f]w / ljb|f]xsf] efjgf p7\g' Psbd :jfefljs 5 . of] ;fj{ef}lds lgod xf] h;nfO{ xfdL Oltxf;sf] k|To]s kfgfdf bQ ePsf 5f}+ . o:tf] x'g' dflg;sf] k|fs[lts :jefjsf] nIf0f xf] . Gofosf] Gofostf{af6 g} ckx]ngf ePkl5 Gofosf] s;n] dof{bf /fV5 < u+uf]qLsf] hn b'lift ePkl5 To; hnsf] kljqtf sxfF /xG5 < Gofosf] pb\ud :yndf g} Tof] cdof{lbt ePkl5 b]zdf s]jn kz'an / :y'n zlQmsf] cfwf/df h+unL lgodsf] af]njfnf x'g hfG5 . /fHosf] ;j{k|yd df}lns p2]Zo Gofo :yfkgf xf] . Gofosf] dof{bf gePsf] /fHodf To; /fHosf] cfbz{ :vlnt eP/ hfG5 . To;kl5 cfbz{ljxLg /fHosf] Ps–Ps u/]/ ;+:yfx? zf;gsf ljleGg ljefux? e|i6 x'Fb} hfG5g\ . kN6g /fi6«sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ cfbz{af6 Ro't eP/ hgtfsf pk/sf] cft+ssf] / /fhgLlts lj/f]wLx?sf] lj?4 k|of]u x'g] Pp6f oGq x'g k'U5 / k'ln; bdgsf] ;fwg . lghfdtL ;]jf e/f}6]x?sf] Sna . o; l:yltdf olb sf]xL OdfGbf/ gful/sn] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ a'em]/ s]xL ug{ vf]Hof] eg] To;n] bf]ifsf] efuL x'g'k5{ < To;}n] d}n] qmflGtsf] gf/f lbPsf] x'F .

hgtfsf] zlQmnfO{ hfu[t u/fpF5f}+

/fdrGb| kf}8]n, g]tf, g]kfnL sf+u|];

á s] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu ug]{ ;f]rfO{ agfPsf] xf] <

– x}g, g]kfnL sf+u|];leq To:tf] ljrf/ s;}n] /fVg ;S5 . Tof] cfkm\gf] af}l4s ts{ /fVg] s'/f xf] . sf+u|]; kf6L{ kf6L{sf] ?kdf slxNo} klg ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] af6f] / bz{gaf6 ljd'v 5}g / x'Fb}g . sf+u|];n] @)!$ ;fnb]lv g} ;+ljwfg;efsf] s'/fnfO{ kl/Tofu u/]/ /fhf;Fu ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] zt{df ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . /fhf / k|hftflGqs zlQmsf] aLrdf km]l/ @)$& ;fndf of] ;Demf}tf eof] / jt{dfg ;+ljwfg aGof] . To;}n] xfdL cfkm\gf] l;4fGtaf6 ljrlnt x'g rfxFb}gf}+, k|lta4 5f}+ / c? c?nfO{ klg o;af6 ljrlnt gx'g ;r]t u/fpg rfxG5f}+ .

á >L % af6 cfkm\gf] sbd ;RofP dfq k'U5 ls gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg' k5{ <

– of] sbd ;Rofpg] xf] eg] clxn] klg lgsf; lg:sG5 . clxn] klg ;a}eGbf pko'Qm af6f] k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf g} xf] . /fhfaf6 ^ dlxgfleq r'gfj x'g g;Sg] ePsfn] k'/fgf] k|ltlglw;efnfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ul/Psf] 5 eg]/ dxf/fhflw/fhn] wf/f !@& sf] JofVof u/]df clxn]sf] ;d:of cfkm}+ ;dfwfg eP/ hfG5 . ;+ljwfgsf ;a} wf/fdf /x]sf] afwf Tof] Pp6f cfb]zaf6 km'S5 . wf/f !@& sf] cfzo klg ToxL xf] . wf/f !@& afwf c8\sfp eof] eg] km'sfpgsf] nflu dfq cfb]z hf/L ug{ kfOG5 . wf/fnfO{ lgliqmo / lg:t]h agfpg cfb]z hf/L ug{ kfOb}g . To;n] oxfF pN6f] sfd ePsf] 5 . To;}n] b]zsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ xf] eg] k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgf x'g'k5{ / b'O{ jif{ kl5 r'gfj u/fP/ ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lbg'k5{ . /fhfn] ;Rofpg] af6f] klg ToxL xf] .

á >L % af6 ;a} bnl;t s'/fsfgL u/]/ ;/sf/df ;xefuL x'g cfu|x ul/aS;]df g]sfsf] s] k|ltlqmof x'g]5 <

– Tof] x'Fb}g . klxn] ;+j}wflgs q'l6 ;Rofpg'k5{ . ;+;b\ k'g:yf{lkt u/]kl5 wf/f $@-!_ cg';f/sf] ;/sf/ agfP/ xfdL ;a} kf6L{ ;/sf/df a;]/ /fhf, k|hf ;a} ldn]/ b]zsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ / ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5f}+ .

á wf/f !@& cg';f/ ;Qfdf ghfg] xf] Û

– jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& df ;/sf/ aGg] s'g} Joj:yf 5}g . Joj:y} gePsf] wf/faf6 s;/L ;/sf/ aG5 / xfdL ;Qfdf hfg] <

á Pdfn]sf] e"ldsf s:tf] b]Vg' x'G5 <

– z]/axfb'/n] Ps jif{ r'gfj ;fg{ /fhfdf l;kmfl/; u/]s} lbg d}n] Pdfn] / /fk|kfsf g]tfx?;Fu eg]sf] lyPF– æof t sflQs @& ut] r'gfj u/fpF x}g eg] k|ltlglw;efnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbpF . oxL s'/fdf /fli6«o ;xdlt x'g'k5{ .Æ d;Fu s'/f ubf{ pxfFx? k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{lkt ug{ ;xdt x'g'x'GYof] t/ kl5 lsg To;df pxfFx?n] b[9 ;dy{g lbg ;Sg' ePg, dnfO{ cfZro{ nfu]sf] 5 . d}n] To;}a]nf eg]sf] lyPF– æk|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfdf hf]8 glbP/ Pdfn]n] u+eL/ e"n u/]sf] 5 . Oltxf;sf cufl8 p;n] hjfkm lbg] 7fpF /xg] 5}g . Pdfn]n] u+eL/ e"n ul//x]sf] 5 .Æ kl5 klg Pdfn]sf] e"ldsf z+sf:kb b]lvof] . p sf+u|]; km'6] kl5 ca ;Qfdf xfd|f] kfnf] eGb} lx+8\of] . r'gfj x'g} g;Sg] l:yltdf ha k|=d=n] ;+;b\ lj36g u/], To;a]nf klg /fhgLlts l:ylt sxfF hfG5 eGg] s'/fsf] ljrf/} gu/L ;dy{g u/] Pdfn] / /fk|kfn] . pgLx?sf] /fhgLlts cb"/blz{tf b]lvof] . kl5 klg dGqL e}xflnG5 ls eg]/ lx+8\of] Pdfn] . of] a8f] lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf xf/fxf/Lsf] kf6L{ dGqL e} xflnG5 ls eg]/ c:ki6 gLltsf] lzsf/ x'g' b'ef{Uo xf] . !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf ;Gbe{df Pdfn]sf jQmJox? tkfO{+x? k9\g';\, To;df pgLx?sf] h'g lsl;dsf] cl:y/tf / c:ki6tf b]vf k¥of] To;n] ubf{ Pdfn] cem} klg kl/kSj e};s]sf] /x]g5 eGg] s'/fsf] k'i6L ePsf] 5 . Pdfn]df s]xL 7Ls dfG5] klg 5g\ . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / k|hftGqsf] kIfdf k|lta4 y'k|} sfo{stf{x? x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tjn] o:tf] gLlt lsg lnO/x]sf] 5, d}n] a'em\g ;s]sf] 5}g .

á Pdfn]n] ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgfsf] kIfdf c8fg lnPsf] eP Tof] ;Dej lyof] t <

– ;+efjgf lyof] . Pdfn]n] c8fg lnPsf] eP /fk|kf klg To;sf] kl5 nfUYof] . ;a} bn Pp6} wf/df plePsf] eP ;a}sf] ;femf ljrf/ cfpFYof] . To;n] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf 7"nf] k|efj kfYof]{ . ;a} kf6L{sf] Pp6} k|i6 /fhgLlts ljrf/ cfPsf] eP To;sf] cufl8 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] v]n / if8\oGq l6Sg ;Sb}gYof] . To;}n] oxfFg]/ Pdfn]n] km]l/ sRrf v]n v]Nof] .

á oxfFx?n] zfxL 3f]if0ff ;RofOPg eg] hgtfdf hfG5f}+, cfGbf]ng u5f}{ eGg'ePsf] 5 . tkfO{+x?sf] k5fl8 ca slt dfG5] nfUg] cg'dfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

– hgtf cfGbf]ngdf nfU5g\ . lsgeg] Tof] hgtfs} nflu ul/g] cfGbf]ng x'g]5 . hgclwsf/sf] vf]hL x'g]5 . xfdLn] xfd|f] :jfy{sf] nflu eP /fhf;+u ldn]/ dGqL aGg ;SYof}{ . t/ xfdL dGqL gag]/ hgtflt/ lsg hfg vf]Hb}5f}+ eGbf– PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgtf cfkm\gf] clwsf/af6 ljd'v x'g ;Sb}g . hgclwsf/sf] cfsf+IffnfO{ xfdL klg ;fy lbg hgtfdf hfg] xf] . x'g ;S5 !@ jif{sf] ;Qf ;+rfngsf qmddf xfdLaf6 sdL, sdhf]/L eP xf]nfg . xfd|f] /fHo ;+rfngsf] z}nLaf6 s]xL hgtfdf ljt[i0ff / c;Gtf]if pTkGg eof] xf]nf . d ;a} /fd|f] eof] elGbg . ax'bnLo Joj:yfn] /fd|f] sfd ug{ ;'? klg u/]sf] lyof] . k~rfotsf] t'ngfdf w]/} ljsf; ePsf] klg xf] . ;fdflhs xs, clwsf/ / Gofosf s'/fx?df ;dfhdf 7"nf] hfu[lt cfof] . ToxL a]nfdf dfcf]jfbL cft+sn] ult/f]w Nofof] . cfhsf] o'u k|hftGqsf] o'u xf] . hgtfsf] :jfy{sf] nflu hgtf cjZo p7\5g\ . hgtfnfO{ p7fpg] ljZjf; xfdL;Fu 5 . xfdL xfd|f ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f / sfo{qmd lnP/ hgtfsf dfem hfG5f}+ / cem kl/:s[t / kl/dflh{t k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] nflu clx+;fsf] zlQmnfO{ hfu[t u/fpg cufl8 a9\5f}+ .

á of] 36gf kl5 g]kfnsf] /fhtGq ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kl/lwdf a:b}g eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug' ePsf] t 5}g <

– 36gfqmdn] ToxL b]vfpF5 . clxn] dxf/fhflw/fhnfO{ ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] cfs+Iff hfu[t ePsf] b]lvG5 . /fli6«o /fhgLltdf s]xL e"ldsf vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ /fhfn] e"ldsf vf]Hg] ljlQs} l:ylt tgfjk"0f{ aGg ;S5 . hgtfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ uf}0f agfP/ /fhfn] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ldNb}g . hgtfsf] e"ldsf uf}0f x'g' eg]sf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgtfn] :jLsf/]/ a:g] s'/f x'Fb}g . To;n] /fhfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs dof{bfd} /fv]/ æ/fhfnfO{ ;Tsf/, hgtfnfO{ clwsf/Æ eGg] gLlt ;a}eGbf pko'Qm xf] .

/fhf / bnx?aLr ;xsfo{ x'g'k5{

ch'{gg/l;+x s]=;L=, g]=sf= k|jQmf

clxn]sf] k|d'v nIo eg]sf] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] k|fKt u/]sf] pknlAwx?sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ xf] . /, g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ k|Tofe"t u/]sf] clwsf/ ;'/lIft ug'{ xf] . of] b'O{j6f s'/fdf g} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg / p;sf] zlQm To;sf] ;+/If0fdf g} s]lGb|t 5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfunfO{ g ;fGble{s b]v]sf] 5 g ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf cfkm"nfO{ ;lDdlnt u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef :jo+df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cfbz{ dfGotf b[li6sf]0fsf] ljk/Lt s'/f xf]Og . lsgeg] @))& ;fnb]lv @)!$ ;fn;Dd g]kfnL sf+u|];n] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofP/ cfPsf] lyof] . Toltdfq xf]Og @)##, @)#$ ;fnlt/ ;'j0f{zDz]/sf] cWoIftfdf klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] s'/f p7]s} xf] . To;sf/0f ;+ljwfg;ef :jo+df k|hftGqsf] cfbz{ / dfGotf ljk/Lt s'/f xf]Og . /, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] l;4fGt, cfbz{ ljk/Lt klg xf]Og . t/ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf b'O{j6f s'/f ;+/If0fsf] nflu clxn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cf}lrTo / ;fGble{stf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] b]v]sf] 5}g . JolQmut ?kdf o;sf] dfu p7\g ;S5 t/ g]kfnL sf+u|]; To;sf] kIfdf 5}g . lsgeg] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkZrft\ h'g ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ePsf] 5, Tof] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0fsf] lglDt nl8/x]sf] kf6L{n] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] af/]df ;f]r]s} 5}g . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg of] gofF ;+ljwfg Psbd gofF x'Fbfx'Fb} klg o;n] k|hftGqsf pTs[i6 cfbz{ / ;+/rgfx? c+uLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . o;df Jofjxfl/s ?kdf s]xL sdhf]/L b]lvPsf] 5, To;nfO{ ;'wf/ u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] s'/fdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cfkm\gf] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;sf/0fn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+ljwfgdf ;+zf]wg / o;df ljsf; ug]{ kIfdf tof/ 5 . t/ To;eGbf cufl8 of] ;+ljwfgsf] ;'/Iff sf+u|];sf] 7"nf] bfloTj xf] . To;nfO{ sf+u|];n] cfkm\gf] st{Jo 7fg]sf] 5 .

zfxL 3f]if0ff / tTkZrft\ ul7t dlGqkl/ifb\sf] k|lqmofn] ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf / dd{df 7]; k'¥ofPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ ;RofpFb} lnseGbf aflx/ uPsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;+j}wflgs k|lqmofleq NofP/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . ;+ljwfg;ef eg]sf] u0ftGqjfbL jf dfcf]jfbLsf] dfq cfjZostf xf]Og . lsgeg] ;fj{ef}d hgtfn] cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg cfkm}+n] lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/f k|hftflGqs dfGotf / cfr/0f ljk/Lt xf]Og . t/ kf6L{n] ;dli6ut ?kdf clxn]sf] j:t'l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfjZostf b]v]sf] 5}g .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; cfkm\gf] hGdsfnb]lv g} ;+;bLo ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqk|lt k|lta4 5 . of] o; kf6L{sf] cfbz{ xf] . of] cfbz{ / dfGotf;Fu g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cToGt s7Lg cj:yfdf klg ljrlnt ePg . @)!& ;fnb]lv @)$^ ;fn;Dd g]kfnL sf+u|];n] lgb{nLo k~rfotsf] lj?4 7"nf] 7"nf] ;+3if{ u¥of] . To:tf] zlQm ;+3if{sf] cj:yfdf klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] cfbz{af6 ljrlnt ePg . To;sf/0fn] ;fgfltgf 36gfqmdn] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] cfbz{ / lgi7fk|lt ljrng Nofpg ;Sb}g . /, g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqk|lt Tolts} k|lta4 5 hlt ;+;bLo ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj:yfdf 5 . sf+u|]; lg/+s'z /fhtGq lj?4 dfq ;+3if{df pqG5 . clxn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ lg/+s'z /fhtGqdf ws]Ng] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 . To;f] eof] eg] /fhtGq, k|hftGq /fi6«s} lglDt b'ef{Uok"0f{ s'/f x'g]5 . To;}n] clxn] ePsf q'l6nfO{ ;Rofpgsf] lglDt >L % / /fhgLlts bnx?aLrsf] ;dembf/Laf6 ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{k5{ . o; l:yltsf] lgsf;sf] lglDt >L % / /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af6 /fli6«o Ph]08f ;lxt ;dfwfg lgsfNg'k5{ . /, o; lglDt s'g} klg kIfn] Psf+sL jf PSnf] k|of;n] ;fy{stf kfpg ;Sb}g . kl/0ffdd'vL pknlAw k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g .

xfdLn] k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] x7ft ;+;b\ lj36g u/]b]lv g} eGb} cfOPsf] lyof} ls lgjf{rg u/fpgsf] lglDt ;+;b\ lj36g ul/Psf] x]Og . Tof] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff c;fGble{s / c;fdlos lyof] . clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg u/]/ pgLx?nfO{ klg d"nwf/df ;dfj]z gu/L u/fOg] r'gfjn] h'g lsl;dsf] kl/0ffd lbg'kYof]{ Tof] lbg ;Sb}g . To;sf/0fn] ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf dfq Pp6f ljsNk xf] eGg] sf+u|];sf] wf/0ff /x\of] / 5 . clxn] cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ k'gM oyf:yfgdf Nofpg ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf dfq Pp6f ljsNk xf] / h;n] ubf{ Ift–ljIft ePsf] ;+ljwfg klg ;xL :yfgdf NofP/ ;xL 9+un] ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . /, k|hftflGqs k|lqmofaf6 d'n'sdf pTkGg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] jftf{nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ cjt/0fsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg nufotsf sfd ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'g ;S5 . To;sf] nflu ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;}n] clxn] klg ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgfaf6 g} ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgisif{ 5 . clxn] k|of]u ePsf] afwf c8sfp km'sfpg] wf/faf6 g} >L % / /fhgLlts bnx?n] clxn]sf] kl/l:yltsf] hl6ntfk|lt dWogh/ ub}{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0f / ;+ljwfgnfO{ oyfjt /fVgsf] lglDt ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf pko'Qm ljsNk xf] . ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ rfx]sf] v08df c;Dej klg b]lvGg . clxn] /fi6«df cfPsf] r'gf}tL xfdL ;a}sf] ;femf r'gf}tL xf] . o;k|lt ^ j6f bnsf] Go"gtd ;xdlt b]lvPsf] 5 . xfn} ePsf] ;j{bnLo a}7sdf ;a} bnn] @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ /Iff ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] s'/fdf k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u gug]{ / ;/sf/df ;xeflutf ghgfpg] ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] 5 . c? kf6L{x?af6 To:t} wf/0ffx? ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . ;a}n] pko'Qm lgsf;sf] dfu u/]sf] 5g\ .

of] /fhgLlts t/ntfaf6 d'lQm kfpgsf] nflu >L % dxf/fhflw/fh / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr k"0f{ ;dembf/L, ljZjf; / ;xsfo{sf] cfjZostf 5 . jt{dfg ;+ljwfg / g]kfnL hgtfn] kfPsf ;fj{ef}lds clwsf/ ;'/lIft ub}{ >L % / /fhgLlts bn a;]/ Pp6f lglZrt /fli6«o Ph]08f agfpg' k5{ . / Tof] Ph]08fnfO{ ;s];Dd rfF8f] sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ . dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{, lgjf{rgdf hfg] kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

/fhwfgL d} sf+u|];Ldfly uf]nL k|xf/

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sf7df8f}+ lgjf{rg If]q g+= & sf If]qLo ;efklt ;~ho l;+xdfly lxhf] Pp6f c1ft ;d"xn] ;f+3flts xdnf u/]sf] 5 . lxhf] ck/fGx 3/df al;/x]sf] a]nf s]xL JolQmsf] Pp6f ;d"xn] ‘sfd 5, Ps If0f aflx/ hfcf}+’ eGb} af]nfP/ s]xL k/ nuL 5fltdf uf]nL xfg]sf atfOG5 . pxfFnfO{ tTsfn} jL/ c:ktfn NofOof] . t/ /flt cj]/;Dd pxfFsf] l:ylt lrGtfhgs lyof] . pxfFsf] 3/ sLlt{k'/ kfufdf of] 36gf ePsf] xf] . 36gfkZrft\ ToxfFsf] l:ylt skm\o'{ nfu]sf] If]q h:t} ePsf] lyof] .