jftf{ / o'4af/] 8f= jfa'/fdsf] ljZn]if0f M Ps ljj]rgf

nf]sgf/fo0f ;'j]bL

dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] ad / jGb'ssf] jiff{ j/f]j/ ul//x] klg jftf{sf] k|;· klg k6s–k6s p7fpb} cfPsf] 5 . o:Tff] nfU5 dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf] b[li6df æo'4 eg]sf] jftf{ klg xf] / jftf{ eg]sf] o'4 klg xf] .Æ o'4 lj1x?sf] xjfnf lbb} dfcf]jfbLsf Ps zLif{:y g]tf 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{n] /fhwfgLjf6 lg:sg] Ps ;fKtflxs dfk{mt\ oxL s'/f cl3 ;fg{ vf]h]sf 5g\ . pgn] o'4 / jftf{sf jf/]df cl3 ;f/]sf / p4[t u/]sf ;}4flGts k|:yfkgfx?sf jf/]df vf;} 6fpsf] b''vfO/xg' clxn] cfjZos 5}g . t/ h'g s'/f o; ;DjGwdf 8f=afa'/fdn] To; n]vdf p7fPsf 5g\ To;jf6 o'4 / jftf{sf jf/]df dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tj jfx]s c?n] s]xL hfg]sf 5}gg\ jf hfgL hfgL j'em krfPsf 5g\ eGg jfFsL /fv]sf 5}gg\ . lgZro g} dfcf]jfbLx?n] olt j]nf jGb's, ad / jf?bsf] v]n v]Ng'nfO{ ;fdfGo / :jfefljs dfg]sf 5g\ . h;/L jftf{ Pp6f k|s[of xf] To;/L g} o'4 klg Pp6f k|s[of xf] eGg] lsl;dn] ;z:q o'4sf] clt ;fdfGoLs/0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 . clg vf; p2]Zon] cl3 ;fl/Psf oL b'j} ;fwgnfO{ jt{dfgdf plQs} k|of]hgLo dfGg / k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] j:t'sf] ?kdf :jLsfg{ kg]{ bjfj To; n]vn] lbg rfx]sf] b]lvG5 . jGb's rnfP kl5 qmflGt x'G5, jftf{ t To;sf] ;xfos s'/f dfq xf] eGg] vfnsf] cfef; To;n] lbPsf] 5 .

clxn] xltof/ jf]s]/ nl8/x]sf b'O{y/L ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL, jfx]s c?sf] s'g} uGtL 5}g eGg] dfg]/ To; n]vdf æhg;dy{g ljgfsf] ;/sf/L kIf cf]/fnf] nfUb} uPsf] / hg;dy{g k|fKt dfcf]jfbL kIf k|ult ub}{ uPsf]Æ bfjL klg ul/Psf] 5 . of] t eof] ;]gf ePsf] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf] s'/f . t/ h'g /fhgLlts bnx?;+u ;]gf 5}g ltgnfO{ o; n]vn] lg/Lx k|f0fL ;/x dfg]sf] 5 . leQ] 38Lsf] ‘k]08'nd’ h:t} ltgLx? ls ;/sf/L ;]gf ls dfcf]jbL ;]gflt/ xlNn/x]sf x'G5g\ eGg] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L æh;sf] xftdf jGb's 5}g To;sf] s]xL klg 5}gÆ eGg] lgisif{ To; n]vn] lgsfn]sf] 5 . æad xf]Og hgtf lg0ff{os x'G5Æ x'G5 eGg] rLgsf dxfg qmflGtsf/L g]tf tyf ;j{xf/f ju{sf u'? dfcf]T;]t'ªn] h'g dfS;{jfbL oyfy{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ ;f/ lvr]sf 5g\ To;nfO{ 8f=e§/fO{sf] of] n]vn] s'g} jf:tf u/]sf] 5}g . tyflk n]vn] xltof/ gePsf ;+;b\jfbL k|hftGqjfbLx? / xltof/ jf]s]sf dfcf]jfbLx? jLr ljZjf; / Pstf cfhsf] cfjZostf / dxTjk"0f{ s'/f dfg]sf] 5 . t/ tL ;+;b\jfbL k|hftGqjfbL bnx?s} sfo{stf{x?sf] ckx/0f / xTof ug]{ h'g b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf dfcf]jfbLn] jgfPsf] 5 To:tf ultljlwn] dfcf]jfbL g]tfn] cl3 ;f/]sf] ljZjf; / Pstfsf] cfwf/ k6Ss} jGb}g . j? ;Gb]x / cljZjf; g} k}bf ub{5 . oBlk n]vn] @)$^ sf] P]ltxfl;s ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf ;+ljwfg nufotsf pknlJwx? ;dfKt kfl/;lsPsf] lgisif{ lgsfNb} / cf}Nofpb} ca To;sf] /Iff / jrfp ug{ xf]Og cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] vf]hL ug{ cu|;/ x'g' kg]{ s'/f bzf{Psf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df jftf{ rNg' kg]{{ / o'4 klg rn]sf] xf] eGg Tof] n]v r's]sf] 5}g .

lgZro klg dfcf]jfbLn] @)%@ ;fndf h'g $) ;"qLo dfu ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{sf] tk{mjf6 tTsfnLg z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;/sf/ ;dIf k|:t't u/]sf] xf] ltgsf] 7"nf] dxTj 5 . jf:tjdf To; dfukqdf tTsfnLg hg bdgsf s]xL s'/fnfO{ 5f8]/ h'g dfux? cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 tL g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngn] cfˆgf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv p7fpb} cfPsf dfux? g} x'g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] s'g} gofF s'/f p7fPsf xf]Ogg\ . g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, hgtGq / hghLljsfsf lglDt sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] hgtf / /fi6« lglDt v]Nb} cfPsf] e"ldsf / p7fPsf dfux? ;fdlos dfq 5}gg\ g]kfnsf] :jfwLgtf, ;DkGgtf / cfly{s–;fdflhs ;d'Gglt;+u ufFl;Psf tL dfux?sf] b'/ufdL / 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . To;}nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] tL dfux?nfO{ k'gM ;"qj4 u/L p7fPsf] dfq xf] eGg] s'/f k|i6} b]lvG5 . To;}n] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLjLr jftf{ xF'bf tL dfux?k|lt ;jf{lws Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fdf /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]Hg rfxg]x?n] s'g} ljdlt klg hgfpg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g . t/ hgtfn] cfˆgf] v'g kl;gf jufP/ @)$^ NofPsf pknlJwx?sf] /Iff / ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{{ s'/f / oL dfux?sf jLrdf cGt/lj{/f]w 5}g . tTsfnLg hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{ / efjgf j'‰g] hf] s;}n] klg of] oyfy{nfO{ ;xh} cfTd;ft ug{ ;S5 . clg jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf lgb]{zs l;4fGtnfO{ x]g]{ / s]nfpg] hf] s;}n] klg of] s'/f klxNofpg ;S5 .

s] s'/f Psbd} ;fFRrf] xf] eg] b]zdf k'g:yf{lkt ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ o;sf ;Djfxs / ;~rfns zlQmx?n] hgtf / /fi6«sf] lxtdf k6Ss} kl/rfng ug{ g;Sbf g} cfhsf] gfh's cj:yf / hl6n /fli6«o ;+s6 k}bf ePsf] xf] . jf:tjdf clxn] klg pgLx?df d'n'snfO{ ;xL / cu|ufdL lbzfdf n}hfg] s'g} k|i6 b"/b[li6 / b[li6sf]0fsf]] cefj b]lvG5 . To;}n] ls k|ltudg ls pu| tyf efjfj]zk"0f{ lrGtg / ultljlwn] hgtfnfO{ e|d lbg] / cNdNofpg] ub}{ cfPsf x'g\ . of] cg'ejn] cf}NofO/x]sf] s'/f g} xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] klg s] s'/f :jLsf/]sf] 5 eg] pgLx?n] rfx]h:tf] / ;f]r]h:tf] /fHoJoj:yf clxn]sf] pgLx?n] nl8/x]sf] n8fO+{jf6 k|fKt x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf cfh 5}g . ToxL s'/fnfO{ c? lhDd]jf/ jfd 36sx?n] cfhsf] /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o j:t'ut kl/l:yltsf] kl/k|]Ifdf ;z:q ;+3if{ xf]Og hg;+3if{ g} d"n af6f] xf] eGg] u/]sf x'g\ . ef]ln kl/l:ylt jblnP/ cg's"n jftfj/0f jg] kl5 n8fO+{sf] rl/q / :j?k klg jblng ;S5 . To;}n] g]kfnL hgwgsf] /Iff ug{ jftf{åf/f Pp6f aLrsf] jf6f] to ul/g' kb{5 elgPsf] xf] . of] ;f/f g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;femf dfu xf] . Pp6f j:t'ut / ;+efJo ;femf af6f] xf] . Tof] jf6f] c? s]xL geP/ hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ clxn] rln/x]sf] bf]xf]/f] xTof lx+;fsf] df/ / qf;af6 d'Qm ug'{ / pgLx?nfO{ cem ;jn / ;zQm t'Nofpg] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts cu|ufdL 7f]; sbdx? rfNg' dfq xf] . xftdf jGb's gePsf cfd hg;d'bfo, h;sf] ;jf{lws 7"nf] ;+Vof /x]sf] 5, sf] rfxgf g} @)$^ ;fnsf] ;kmn ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng kl5b]lv oxL /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] jftf{ / jGb's b'j} ;+u;+u} hfg ;S5g\ eGg] ts{ ljts{ ug]{ j]nf of] xf]Og . clxn] t o'4lj/fd / jftf{sf] 7f]; kxn / To;sf] ;sf/fTds kl/0fltsf] lglDt ;Dk"0f{ zlQm s]lGb|t ug]{ j]nf xf] .

lgjf{rg cfof]u;Fu} lhDd]jf/ g]tfx? klg bf]ifL

bLgaGw' cof{n

lgjf{rg cfof]un] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cflwsfl/s g]tfsf] ljjfb ljifos d'2fsf] s]xL dfqfdf 6'+uf] nufof] . ;do nfdf] lnP/ klg cem} ;do k'u]g eg]/ ul/Psf] cGtl/d lg0f{onfO{ ljjfbdf k/]sf b'j} kIfn] :jfut ug{ ;s]gg\ . @)%( c;f]h ! ut] ;'gfOPsf] km};nf sf]O/fnf kIf / b]pjf kIf cyf{t\ b'j} kIfsf] dfgsf] Vofn u/]/ /fhg}lts k|s[ltsf] eP tkm{ :jtGq lrGtsn] cleJolQm lbPsf 5g\ . b]pjf kIfsf s]xL g]tfx?n] o:tf] km};nf dg k/fpg ;s]gg\ . km};nfdf lrQ a'em]g eg]/ cbfntdf hfg klg ;s]gg\ . lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;+ljwfg, P]g, kf6L{sf] ljwfg / lgodsf] Vofn u/]g eg]/ b'j} kIfn] s]xL cfnf]rgf u/]sf eP klg cfkm\gf] cfnf]rgf ;RofP/ ;Gtf]ifsf] :jf; km]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ ;+ljwfg P]g, lgod / kf6L{sf] ljwfgdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug{ ;s]g eg]/ b'j} kIfn] bf]iff/f]k0f u/] . oL b'j} kIfn] ;+ljwfg P]g / lgodsf] JofVofnfO{ eGbf a9L cfkm\gf kbsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ wDsL, cg'lrt bjfj, hge]nf hgzlQm k|bz{g, jQmJoafhL u/]/ k|efjdf kfg]{ cj}wflgs af6fx? klg cjnDag ul/cfPsf lyP .

cfof]u cfsfzaf6 em/]sf] klg lyPg . df6f]af6 pd|]sf] klg lyPg . cfof]udf dflg; lyP . pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] efjL hLjgsf] ultsf] lrGtf x'Fbf] xf] . pGd'Qm :jtGq, lgikIf eP/ lg0f{o ug{ kfPgg\ xf]nf . To;}n] cfof]udf /x]sf JolQmsf] efjL lxt s;/L x'G5 eGg] ;f]r]/ klg km};nf u/]sf] x'g ;S5 . cfof]udf /x]sf JolQmx?sf] cj;/, efjL l:ylt / ;Gt'ng ldnfpg lxhf] cfof]usf kbflwsf/Ln] JoQm u/]sf s'/fdf cfh l6Sg ;s]gg\ xf]nf . ljjfbdf k/]sf b'O{ kIfdWo] Pp6f kIfsf] x}l;ot bnljxLg x'g] vt/f cfh b]lvPg . dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx? s'g kIfdf slt lyP, s'g kIfdf slt eGg] k|Zg, b]pjf kIfdf pkl:yt eP/ ;xL u/]sf x:tfIf/ sLt]{ lyP jf lyPgg\, dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw e]nfnfO{ g} dxflwj]zgdf kl/0ft ug{ ldNYof] ls ldNg] lyPg, clGtd dxflwj]zg kf]v/fdf ePsf] lyof] jf sf7df8f}+sf] afg]Zj/df ePsf] lyof] eGg] k|Zgdf cfof]un] 6fpsf] b'vfPg / sl/a sl/a a/fa/ ;+Vofdf b'j} kIfdf dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw /x]sf] xr'jf k"jf{g'dfgsf e/df lg0f{o lyof] . ;+:yfkg kIfn] cfkm\gf] ;fljssf] r'gfj lrGx ?v kfP/ /dfof], b]pjf kIf & lbgleq pk;u{ of k/;u{ hf]8]/ g]kfnL sf+u|];s} gfdn] r'gfj lrGx kfpg] x'Fbf /dfof] . dxflwj]zg s;/L / s:n] 8fSg] k|Zg uf}0f /x\of] .

cGtl/d lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ cfwf/ cfof]usf kbflwsf/Ln] cfkm\gf cleJolQm ;fj{hlgs u/]/ ;Gt'i6L lbg] s;/t u/] . k'/fgf ghL/x? klg k]z u/] . unt ghL/sf] cg'z/0fn] cfpg] kl/0ffd klg unt g} x'G5 / unt kl/kf6LnfO{ 6]jf ldNb} hfG5 . cfof]usf] lg0f{ofg';f/ x]/]/ lgjf{rg cfof]un] g]kfnL sf+u|]; km'6fpg] sfd u¥of] eg]/ bf]if lbg] JolQmx? klg gePsf xf]Ogg\ . kf6L{sf] cfkm\gf] cfbz{ x'G5, l;4fGt x'G5 . s;}n] km'6fpg vf]h]/ km'6\g] jf s;}n] h'6fpg vf]h]/ h'6\g] gfdsf] ;+:yfn] s;/L kf6L{df bnsf] x}l;ot k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; hGdg' cl3 g]kfnL sf+u|]; hGdfpg] g]tfx?n] s] p2]Zo cleJoQm u/], tL p2]Zodf dg;f, afrf / sd{0ff 86]/ P]Soa4 x'g] xf] eg] dfq Pstfsf] sfd 5 . b'O{y/L JolQm ldNg] t/ cfbz{ 5f]8\g] l;4fGtaf6 d'v df]8\g] ug]{ xf] eg] To:tf] Pstfn] hgtfnfO{ s'g} kmfObf k'Ub}g . hgtfsf] xs lxtsf] klg /Iff klg x'Fb}g . gLlt l;4fGt / cfbz{nfO{ jfb u/]/ dfq Pstfdf hf]8 lbg] xf] eg] To:tf] t rf]/, 8fFsf n'6]/fx?df klg b]lvG5g\ . zxLbx?sf] pT;u{ af]s]/ cfwf ztfAbLeGbf a9L ;do zflGt of ;+3if{df nfu]sf] kf6L{n] hgd'vL, b]zd'vL / ul/ad'vL sfo{qmd lnP/ hgljZjf; cfh{g ug]{ p2]Zodf c? kf6L{;+u k|lt:kwf{ u/]/ k|hftflGqs cEof;df nfUg'kYof]{ . cGtb{nLo ;dembf/Ln] j[xQ/ /fli6«o Pstfsf] ;f]r cufl8 a9fpg' kYof]{ . s[i0fk|;fb sf]O/fnf, ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] b]vfPsf] dfu{ cg'z/0f u/]/ cl3 a9\g' kYof]{ . ljb]zdf jbgfd sdfPsf, kf6L{sf dxf;ldltn] v/fj cfr/0fsf eg]/ bf]if nufPsf, ljjfbdf k/]sf, e|i6 k~r jf e|i6frf/L eg]/ z+sf ul/Psf JolQmsf jnj'tfdf kf6L{sf clen]v, cg'zf;g / d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/sf] cgf:yf u/]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug x'?Ss ;Qf:jfbdf hgkIfLo st{Jo lj;{g] g]tfx?sf] s:tf] / sqf] PstfM jlnsf] af]sf] aGg'kg]{ lgjf{rg cfof]u < s] u/f];\ t Tof] cfof]un] < cfof]un] cfkm"nfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/fdf x]¥of] xf]nf, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\, cbfnt, a'l4hLjL, ;Qf;Lg bn, k|d'v k|ltkIfL nufot, k|ltkIf ;+j}wflgs /fhf ;a}sf] cg'xf/ x]¥of xf]nf / sfg'g ;+ljwfg / kf6L{ ljwfgeGbf cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ x]¥of] xf]nf / lg0f{o lbof] xf]nf . uf]/vfnL hgtf, a]nfotL ;+ljwfg . efif0f 3f]if0ffkq / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] tfnd]nsf] cefjn] ;fxl;nf] lg0f{o x'g lbPg . dfcf]jfbL ;d:of cfkm\g} 7fpFdf 5 .

;DklQ hfFra'em cfof]unfO{ hgcfGbf]ngsf jfxsn] Tolt ;xof]u lbPgg\, @)!& ;fnb]lv cfhko{Gtsf] ;DklQ sfg'gL jf u}/ sfg'gL hfFr ug]{ eGg ;s]gg\ . lgb{nLo k~rfotL Joj:yf sf]xL e|i6frf/L, u}/ sfg'gL x'g] s'/f cfPg, e|i6frf/;+ut k'g:yf{lkt ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] 3lgi7 gftf] x'g ;Sg] xNsf km'Nsf /fo hgcfGbf]ngsf jfxsx?sf] /x\of] . cfkm}+n] To:tf] cfof]u u7g ug]{ / cfkm\gf cg's"n ePg eg]/ l/; kf]Vg] g]tf lg/Lx 5g\ . clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] sfdsf] yfngL u¥of] wGojfb lbg'kg]{, g]tfx?sf] sfo{ ljefhg klg x'g yfNof] . @)$& ;fnsf] dlNns cfof]usf] >d ;Lk, hfFu/ v]/ uof] . @)$* df cfDbfgL kf/bzL{ u/, cfos/ lt/, gfhfoh ;DklQ hkm\t x'G5 eGg] ;Gb]z uPg . sfg'g b]vfpg] s'/f h:tf] cn+sf/ dfq eof] . g]tfx?n] Ps} 7fpFdf a;]/ ljZj dfGo k|hftflGqs cfwf/ v8f ug'{ kg]{ xf] . g]kfnsf ;a} ;d:ofx? / ltgsf ;dfwfg s;/L ug]{ af/] /fhfnfO{ klg ;+u} /fv]/ Pp6f tfls{s lgisif{df k'Ug' kg]{ xf] . ul/a hgtfk|ltsf st{Jo k"/f ug]{ lbzfdf cf–cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf st{Jo ;Dkfbg af/] ;f]Rg' kg]{ xf] . cfof]u, cbfnt, ;}lgs ;a} hg;]js x'g\ / g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtsf nflu g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] /fHosf gLlt lgb]{zs l;4fGt sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] k|of; x'g'kYof]{ .

;+ljwfg hgtfsf] Gofo, zflGt k|ult :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfsf nflu x'g' kg]{ xf] . jfx\o ?kdf /fd|f] eP/ k'Ub}g, Jojxf/df pqg ;Sg], pkof]uL eP dfq Tof] ;+ljwfg hgf]kof]uL x'G5 . ;fj{ef}d hgtf sfnfahfl/ofsf], t:s/sf], e|i6 sd{rf/Lsf], cft+ssf/Lsf] / tyfslyt g]tfx?sf] cfqmd0fsf] lgzfgf ag]sf] 5 . /f]u, ef]s, c1fg c;dfgtf / ;+:s[lthGo ljifotfsf] lzsf/ hgtfnfO{ b]vfP/ ljZjel/ xft km}nfP/ dfu]sf] eLvn] Jofkf/L, t:s/ s]xL hflu/bf/ / s]xL g]tfx? df]6fP . ;+ljwfgsf bfo/fleq /fhf klg cem ;lqmo x'g' h?/L 5 . cfof]ux? klg bf]if d'Qm 5}gg\ . a'l4hLjL gful/s ;dfh / ;~rf/ dfWoddf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?n] hfu?s / st{Jolgi7 eP/ ;dfhnfO{ prfNg' dfq ;dfwfg x'G5 .

ljsf;M ljutsf] cg'ej / bzf}+ of]hgfsf] ck]Iff

hogf/fo0f emf ælh1f;'Æ

g]kfndf of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] cfwf ztfAbL k"/f x'g ca w]/} lbg afFsL 5}g . b]zdf gf} j6f of]hgfx? k"/f eO{ bzf}+ cfjlws of]hgf yfngL ug]{ u[xsfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . ljut jif{x?df ef}lts ;+/rgfx? lgs} lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ t/ klg ;du| ljsf; tkm{ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] oy]i6 Wofg lbPsf] b]lvb}g .

ljut jif{x?df b]zsf] ;Gt'lnt Pj+ ;dfg'kflts ljsf; x'g ;s]g . b'u{d If]q, kj{tLo If]q, u|fdL0f Onfsf tkm{ of]hgfsf/sf] Wofg ;Eo ?kdf hfg ;s]g . cfly{s ?kn] sdhf]/ ju{, blnt, lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfosf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ljsf; tkm{ Wofg uPg . ljsl;t If]qd} a9L nufgL x'Fbf ;Lldt If]q d} /fli6«o cfosf] k|ltkmn k'Ug ;s]sf] 5 . s'nLg tyf gjwgf9\o ju{n] dfq /f]huf/ k|fKt ug{ ;s] / ;Lldt /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? klg ;Lldt ju{df dfq s]lGb|t x'g k'u] . of]hgf 5gf}6df /fhgLlt xfjL x'Fb} uof] . Ps If]qn] of]hgf jf /sd cGoq ;g]{ sfo{ eP . sltko of]hgf cw'/} /x] . /fh:j a9fpg] vfnsf tyf pTkfbgd"ns of]hgf tkm{ a9L Wofg lbP/ ufpF 3/sf ;fgfltgf of]hgf ;+rfng u/L ufpFn]x?sf] cfo;|f]t a9fpg] of]hgf ;+rfng tkm{ Wofg uPg . ul/jL lgjf/0fnfO{ of]hgfsf] d"n p2]Zo 7fg] klg o;k|lt cf]7]elQm dfq} b]vfOP . ljut jif{x?df e|i6frf/, e|i6 k|j[lQ, gftfjfb, s[kfjfb, kml/ofjfb, efO elthfafb a9\b} uof] . unt of]hgf ;+rfngn] ubf{ u|fdL0f If]qdf ;/sf/sf] kx'r gx'Fbf dfcf]jfbL ;d:of a9\b} uof] . ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ePg . lqmofGjog If]q sdhf]/ ePsf] sf/0f lgwf{l/t nIo k"/f ePg . b]zsf] s[lif, pBf]u, Jofkf/ ;a} If]q ?U0f x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . hgtfsf] qmozlqm 36]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM ljutsf] cg'ejaf6 xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ of]hgf k|0ffnL, sfo{z}nL of]hgf rog x'g] cfwf/ lqmofGjog If]qsf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg Jojxfl/stfsf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf 6\8sf/f] x'Fb}5 .

of]hgf k|0ffnLsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/ kIf c;Gt'lnt ljsf; /x]sf] 5 . If]qut tyf hflt Pj+ ju{ut ?kdf /fli6«o cfosf] k|ltkmn k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . b]zsf ^) k|ltzt ljB'tLo ;+/rgf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf dfq} ;Lldt 5 / cGo If]q clxn] klg pHofnf]af6 jl~rt g} 5g\ . b]zsf *) k|ltzt sd{rf/L sf7df8f}+ d} s]lGb|t /x]sf]n] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f gf/fdf dfq} ;Lldt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . dGqfno / clwsf+z ljefux?, If]qLo tyf c~rn tyf ;Dks{ sfof{nox? sf7df8f}+d} cjl:yt 5g\ . *% k|ltzt k]6«f]n, ^% k|ltzt l8h]n, %#=$ k|ltzt dnvfb sf7df8f}d} vkt x'g] u/sf]] 5 . b]zdf ePsf kSsL ;8sdWo] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf a9L 5 / o; sfo{df ctLtdf lgs} ah]6 cfj]bg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf oftfoft k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .

Ps cGo cfFs8f cg';f/, !((! O{=df !) xhf/ ^!! 3/x? ## j6f gu/kflnsfx?df ag] / To;dWo] ^! k|ltzt 3/x? sf7df8f}+ d} ag]sf] tYof+s 5 . k"/} lgdf{0f vr{sf] ^& k|ltzt sf7df8f}+ d} ePsf] lyof] . cGo If]qsf] cfDbfgL eGbf sf7df8f}+ If]qsf hgtfsf] cf};t cfDbfgL cf7 u'0ff a9L 5 . t/fO{sf] hg;+Vof $*=%) k|ltzt 5 t/ ToxfF ;Dk"0f{ ah]6sf] @^ k|ltzt dfq vr{ ul/G5 . ^*=$% k|ltzt sd{rf/Lx? g]kfnL efiffefifL 5g\ h;sf] hg;+Vof $( k|ltzt dfq} 5 . #) eGbf a9L c:ktfn, cg]sf}+ gl;{ª xf]d tyf ^)–&) k|ltzt;Ddsf lrlsT;sx? sf7df8f}+d} s]lGb|t 5g\ . ctM o:tf c;Gt'lnt ljsf;n] cfufdL lbgx?df cg]sg ;d:ofx? pTkGg ug}{5g\ . t;y{ ;Gt'lnt ljsf; Pj+ cfly{s vuf]n cfj]bgtkm{ gofF ;f]rfO{ x'g cfjZos 5 .

g]kfn ufpFx?sf] b]z xf] hxfF s'n hg;+Vofsf] () k|ltzt JolQm a;f]af; ub{5 . s]xL jif{ k"j{;Dd b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ lgof{tdf s[lif pkhsf] :yfg *) k|ltzt lyof] . *@ k|ltzt hgtf s[lifd} cfl>t 5g\ . ^! k|ltzt hgtf u|fdL0f If]qdf cw{j]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yfdf 5 . ^)–() k|ltzt ls;fg ;fgf ls;fg x'g\ . %% k|ltzt s[ifs;Fu !@ k|ltzt s[lif e"ld dfq 5 . $(=&) k|ltzt u|fdL0f hgtfsf] qmozlQm cToGt sdhf]/ 5 . ljZjs} rfdn lgof{ts b]zx?df g]kfnsf] :yfg kfFrf}+ lyof] . &% k|ltzt wfgsf] pkh t/fO{df ePsf] lyof] . o:t} %*=@% k|ltzt ux'Fsf] pTkfbg t/fO{ d} x'G5 . ;g\ !(^% df #,$*,))) d]=6g= rfdn o; tkm{ lgof{t ePsf] lyof] . s'n vfBfGg pTkfbgsf] ^* k|ltzt t/fO{ d} x'G5 . b]zsf $)–$@ k|ltzt vfBfGg Go"g kxf8L lhNnfx?df t/fO{s} cgfh k7fpg] Joj:yf eO/fv]sf] 5 . /fli6«o cfoa[l4df s[lifsf] of]ubfg a9L 5 . ljut of]hgfx?b]lv g} s[lif If]qnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ of]hgf ah]6sf] #! k|ltzt;Dd s[lifdf vr{ ug]{ k|fjwfg ePsf] lyof] . t/ sfnfGt/df s[lif If]q cToGt} ?U0f x'Fb} uof] . t/fO{df clgsfn, ;'Vvf Pj+ v8]/L cfO{ g} /xG5 . t/fO{ ;Dk"0f{ b]znfO{ vfBfGg cfk"lt{ ug]{ tyf lgoltsf] klg k|d'v cfwf/ eP klg o; If]qsf ;d:ofx? cWoog u/L ;dfwfg ug]{ k|of; eO/fv]sf] 5}g . !* k|ltzt e"ld dfq} t/fO{df l;+lrt x'G5 . ctM bzf}+ of]hgfn] s[lifnfO{ hg;+Vof a[l4 cg'?k vfBfGg pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] lgof{tsf] nflu vfBfGgnfO{ d'Vo ;|f]t agfpg], b]zsf] sRrf kbfy{ k"/f ug{ ;Sg] pkh a[l4 ug]{ tyf u|fdL0f hgtfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/Lsf] d]?b08 agfpg] p2]Zo cg'?k s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;?kL ufpFn] hLjgdf gofF cfzfsf] ;|f]t ;~rf/ ug]{ tkm{ cu|;/ x'g h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 .

ljut of]hgfx?n] ul/jL lgjf/0f tkm{ lgs} Wofg lbPsf] lyof] . t/ ;fFlRrs} eGg] xf] eg] ljut jif{x?df ul/jL $( k|ltztaf6 #* k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5}g . ul/jL @=@ k|ltztn] a9\b}5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] Ps cfFs8f cg';f/ t/fO{sf] u|fdL0f If]qdf @( k|ltzt / zx/L If]qdf @* k|ltzt hgtf ul/jLsf] /]vfd'gL 5g\ . k/Gt' cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg';f/ ^* k|ltzt t/fO{sf hgtf / ^^ k|ltzt g]kfnL hgtf ul/jLsf /]vfd'lg 5g\ . kxf8, lxdfnL k|b]z tyf t/fO{sf] ul/jL lgjf/0f lgldQ gofF ;f]r, gofF /0fgLlt gofF sfo{z}nL agfpg cfjZos x'G5 . lgs6 eljiodf ljifdtf a9\b} uof] eg] cg]sf}+ cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;d:ofx? a9\b} hfg]5g\ .

ljut jif{x?df of]hgf cfof]un] 7"nf of]hgfx? ;+rfngtkm{ a9L Wofg lbPsf] 5 . t/ To:tf ljB't, ;~rf/, lzIff cflb of]hgfx?af6 ul/jx?sf] ul/jL Go'gLs/0f x'g ;s]g . ufpFn] hLjgdf kl/jt{gsf] nx/ u|fdL0f cy{tGqsf] ljsf;af6 dfq} ;Dej 5 . o; lgldQ ljs]lGb|t lgsfo tyf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/af6 ;d]t u|fd ;d"xnfO{ k}bf x'g] l;+rfO of]hgfsf] lgjf/0faf6 cfly{s ;|f]t a9fpg] sfo{ yfngL ug'{ kb{5 . kz'kfng ;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf;, u|fdL0f xf6 ahf/sf] ljsf;, u|fdL0f pBf]u wGbfsf] ljsf;, ufpFn]x?sf] ;Lk ljsf;åf/f :jcfh{gsf k|oTg a9fpg]tkm{ Wofg lbg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .

clxn] b]zsf] a]/f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt lgs} gfh's x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . k|ltjif{ ^ nfv %) xhf/ hgzlQm >d ahf/df cfpF5 . ^@ k|tlzt u|fdL0f If]qdf tyf $$=& k|ltzt zx/L If]qdf a]/f]huf/L 5g\ . !! k|ltzt lzlIft a]/f]huf/ 5g\ / cfufdL jif{x?df of] ;+Vof lgs} a9\b} hfg]5 . P;=Pn=;L=;Dd k9]sf @@ k|ltzt dlxnf tyf ( k|ltzt k'?if a]/f]huf/ 5g\ . lzIff If]qsf] lg/Gt/ ljsf;n] of] ;+Vof cfufdL lbgx?df cem} a9\g]5 . $@ k|ltzt hgtf zx/L Onfsfdf /f]huf/L vf]Hb}5g\ . nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf Ps kbsf] nflu ;/b/ $#=#! JolQmx?sf] b/vf:t kb{5 . s]xL dlxgf cl3 ljB't k|flws/0fdf 8]9nfv JolQmn] /f]huf/Lsf] nflu lgj]bg lbPsf]n] a]/f]huf/L slt hl6n x'Fb} uPsf] 5 of] Ps lrGtfsf] ljifo aGb}5 . zx/tkm{ hflu/sf] nflu knfog x'g] k|j[lQ a9\b}5 . o;n] ubf{ s[lif If]q klg ;d:ofu|:t aGb}5 . kxf8L If]qaf6 /f]huf/Lsf] nflu zx/ tyf t/fO{ emg]{ k|j[lQ klg a9\b}5 . ctM b]zsf] zx/ Pj+ u|fdL0f hLjg, kxf8, lxdfno If]q, tyf t/fO{sf] nflu /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ a9fpFb} hfg'kb{5 . b]zsf ;a} If]qsf JolQmsf] kx'Fr /f]huf/Ldf a9fpg] pkfo klg ug'{ kb{5 . /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg gftfjfb tyf s[kfjfb x6fpg' kb{5 .

ctM ljutsf of]hgf k|0ffnLdf cfd'n kl/jt{g ug{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . 7"nf], demf}nf tyf ;fgf of]hgf ;+rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L qmdzM s]Gb|, If]q Pj+ lhNnf tyf ufpF :t/Lo lgsfonfO{ ;'Dkg' kb{5 . ljs]lGb|t of]hgf k|0ffnLnfO{ cem Jojl:yt, ;Ifd tyf ;|f]t Pj+ hgzlQm ;DkGg agfpg' kb{5 . /fli6«o cfo a9fpg] of]hgfdf dfq ;Lldt geO{ hgtfsf] cfo a9fpg] ;fd"lxs of]hgfsf] rog / ;+rfng tkm{ ljz]if Wofg lbg cfjZos ePsf] 5 . o; lglDt of]hgf cfof]usf] u7gnfO{ klg ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj u/fpg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .

ljut jif{x?df of]hgf cfof]un] ljsf; k|zf;gsf lgs} ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . t/ tL ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . b]zdf ;Ifd k|zf;g oGqsf] :yfkgf eP;Dd h:tf];'s} of]hgf /fd|f] eP klg ltgsf] sfof{Gjog ;kmntfk"j{s x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf] k|zf;goGq cem} klg k/Dk/fut g} 5 . sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]j[lQ ljsf; k|zf;g cg's"n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljsf; lglDt sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]j[lQ kl/jt{g ug{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . o;tkm{ g]kfnsf] Wofg oy]i6 ?kdf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM g]kfnsf] sd{rf/L k|zf;gnfO{ ;do ;fk]If agfpg' kb{5 .

g]kfnsf] ljsf; k|of;nfO{ e|i6frf/ tyf e|i6 k|j[lQn] ;aeGbf a9L gf]S;fg u/]sf] 5 . o;n] ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] k|of;nfO{ klg lg?T;flxt u/]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ / ;'zf;g ljgf cfGtl/s ;|f]t tyf ljb]zL cg'bfg Pj+ C0faf6 ;+rflnt of]hgfx?n] klg ;xL pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM bzf}+ of]hgf PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] cfsf+Iff lnO{ gofF /0fgLlt, sfo{z}nLsf] ;fy nfu" ug'{ kb{5 .

lgjf{rgsf] clgjfo{tf / l:yltsf] u+eL/tf

cfgGb;Gtf]ifL /fO{

b]zdf clxn] hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglw;ef / :yfgLo lgsfox? 5}gg\ . k|hftGqdf hgtfaf6 hgtfsf] nflu hgtfn] r''g]sf] ;/sf/ clgjfo{ x'G5 . k|hftGqsf] ;fj{ef}lds dfGotfsf] b[li6n] lgjf{rgsf] clgjfo{tf 5 . cfufdL sflt{s @& ut] ug]{ elgPsf] k|ltlglw;ef lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] l:ylt b]lvb}g . b'O{ jif{ eGbf a9L ;do cjlw afFsL /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef e+u u/L ;do cjlw ;lsP klg lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] kl/l:yltdf c? Ps jif{ cjlw yk ug{ ;lsg] sfg'gdf :ki6 Joj:yf x'Fbf klg :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] cjlw gylkPsf] sf/0faf6 of] u+eL/ l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] xf] .

;ft jif{ cl3 g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'? u/]sf] ultljlw a9\b} cfP/ clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfOk'Ubf cem a9L hl6n / eofjx l:ylt ag]sf] 5 . b]zsf] /fhwfgL / lhNnfsf ;b/d'sfd afx]s u|fdL0f O{nfsfdf ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0f g/x]sf] u+eL/ l:ylt 5 . g]kfnsf] df6f] /utn] /+luPsf] / ef}lts j:t'x? hn]sf] cj:yfaf6 l:yltsf] uflDeo{tfnfO{ k'i6L ub{5 .

g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cft+ssf/L 3f]lift u/L ;}Go an / ljrf/sf] ann] lgoGq0f ug]{ ;+sNk;Fu} ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff / cft+ssf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds sfo{ lgoGq0f / ;hfo P]g @)%* nfu" ePsf] xf] . nf}/f] klg lnP/ lx+8\g /f]s nfpg ;lsg] / cft+ssf/Ln] cf>o lnPsf] 3/, uf]7, 5fk|f]sf wgLnfO{ klg dltof/sf] ?kdf b08 ;hfo ug{ ;lsg] of] P]g b'O{ jif{sf nflu ;lqmo /x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx? hgo'4sf] gfddf cTofw'lgs xltof/ lnP/ xTof, lx+;f, cfuhgL h:tf cft+s dRRffO/x]sf 5g\ . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo k|hftGq, ;+;bLo k|0ffnLnfO{ ;dfKt ug]{ nIf lnP/ lx+8]sf dfcf]jfbLn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg'{sf ;fy} s/sfk hf]/h'n'd u/L dfgj 9fn agfpg] / rGbf c;'n ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . csf]{tkm{ ;/sf/L ;'/Iff kmf}h / cfd hgtfaLr cfk;L ;Dks{ / ;xof]unfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ 9+u gldn]sf]n] lgbf]{if JolQm klg lzsf/ aGg' k/]sf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ b'j}sf] df/ kl//x]sf] 5 .

lgjf{rgsf] clgjfo{tf emg\ a9]sf] 5 . t/ h] h;/L klg lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ eg]/ ^ dlxgf nufP/ x]lnsf]K6/af6 dt k]l6sf cf];f/k;f/ u/L s]xL dtkq v;fP/ kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ug{ ;lsPnf . t/ ;+;f/nfO{ o:tf] gf}6+sLn] s:tf] k|efj kfb{5 / zflGtk"0f{, :jtGq, lgikIf lgjf{rg s;/L dfGg ;lsG5 < eGg] tkm{ xfdLn] ;r]t x'g'k5{ . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] o; u+eL/ l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ æa[xt\ k|hftflGqs PstfÆsf] gLlt cl3 ;fg'{ ePsf] 5M oxL gLlt g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cflwsfl/s gLlt xf] . o;} gLlt cGt/ut j}zfv @& ut]sf] a[xt\ cfd ;efaf6 dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+;b\af6 ;d:ofsf] lgsf; vf]Hg jftf{sf] nflu cfx\jfgnfO{ dxTj lbP/ kqfrf/ klg ;'? u/]sf] lyof] t/ k|ltlglw;ef g} lj36g ePsf]n] l:yltn] gofF df]8 lnof] . cfkm\gf] ax'dt cfpg] ;kgfdf /dfP/ g]skf Pdfn]h:tf] lhDd]jf/ kf6L{ klg cNdlng k'u]sf] b]lvof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / lgjf{rg cfof]u h:tf k|hftGqsf cfwf/ :tDex?/f: klg cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ / dof{bfdf /xg g;s]sf] ;Dd nf~5gfaf6 aRg ;s]gg\, k|hftGqsf] lglDt of] ;'vb\ nIf0f xf]Og . g]kfnL sf+u|]; ljeflht cj:yfdf k'Uof] . k|hftGqdf gofF kf6L{ hGdG5g\ . t/ g]kfnL sf+u|]; h'g 9/f{af6 ljeflht x'g k'Uof] Tof] /fd|f] b]lvPg .

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