b/af/ Psflt/, bnx¿ csf{lt/
dGqL aGg df]ntf]n M ;Qfdf ;fd]n gx'g] kf6L{nfO{ km'6fpg] of]hgf

/fhfn] ;Qf xftdf lng] xf] eg] b]zsf] l:ylt cjZo ;'lw|G5 eGg] cfzf ug]{x? lg/fz x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . b]pjf ;/sf/ lj36g u/]/ b]zsf] zf;g ef/ /fhfn] cfkm\gf] xftdf lnPkl5 7fpF 7fpFdf pTkGg ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof ;/sf/n] s]xL sfd gub}{ ;]nfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] u7gn] ;a}sf] cfzf / pT;fxdf t'iff/fkft u¥of] . k|wfgdGqL kbsf nflu k|d'v ^ bnsf g]tfx? aLr g} ;xdlt gag]kl5 JolQmut x}l;otn] ;dy{g kfpg nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb afx]s pko'Qm JolQm csf]{ b]lvPg . rGbnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] >L % sf] OR5fn] cg'df]bg kfPkl5 b/af/n] 7"nf] jfhL lht]em} c? kf6L{nfO{ x?jf h'jf8] h:tf] Jojxf/ ul//x]sf] cfef; kfOG5 .

k|wfgdGqLsf] lgo'lQmkZrft\ dGqL kl/ifb\sf] u7g / efjL sbd k|d'v ^ bn ;d]tsf] ;xdltdf ul/g] jrg tf]8]/ b/af/n] cfkm\gf] /a/:6fDk dlGqd08n u7g u/]kl5 /fhgLlts bnx? ckdfg / xLgtfaf]wn] u|:t ePsf 5g\ . pgLx?df b/af/n] wf]vf lbPsf] efjgf a9\b}5 eg] b/afl/ofx? /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ km'6fP/ lgb{nLo z}nLn] zf;g rnfpg sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf 5g\ . b/af/n] o;/L wf]sf lbP kl5 ;a} kf6L{ Psflt/ / /fhf Psflt/ x'g] l:ylt b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 .

nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb Pp6f kf6L{sf g]tf / ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf klg Pdfn] / ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf] ;d]t g]t[Tj u/]/ k|wfgdGqL e};Sg' ePsf]n] pxfFsf] kIfdf

ts{ ug]{ w]/} cfwf/ /x]sf]n] b/afl/ofx?sf] 5gf}6 rGb aGg' ePsf] lyof] . ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgfkZrft Pp6f kf6L{sf] g]tf / lqz+s' ;+;b\ Pj+ vl/b laqmLsf sf/0f k|wfgdGqL aGg ;kmn x'g' ePtf klg rGb d"ntM lgb{nLo ;+:sf/s} / b/af/sf] cf1fsf/L kfq /xg' ePsf]df s;}nfO{ z+sf lyPg / 5}g . >L % af6 z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ jvf{:t u/L ;Qf cfkm\g} xftdf lngf;fy g]kfnL sf+u|];n] em} Pdfn] klg gofF ;/sf/ u7g eGbf k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgfdf hf]8 lbPsf] eP /fhfaf6 s]xL lbgsf nflu cy{xLg ;Qf ;Dxfn]/ tfgfzfxsf] cf/fk Aoxf]g'{ eGbf k|ltlglw;ef k'ghL{jLt ul/aS;g c;Dej lyPg . t/ k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn dflgg] / jfdkGyLx?sf] d"nwf/ 7flgg] Pdfn]n] ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ubf{ cfkm" ;Qfdf hfg kfpg] ;Defjgf sd b]v]/ of] ljsNk /f]Hof] . Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn :jo+ k|wfgdGqL aGg xtfl/g' ePsf] lyof] . /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] dfwj g]kfnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg' kg]{ g s'g} sf/0f lyof] g afWotf . cfkm" aGg ;Dej gePkl5 Pdfn]n] sf+u|];sf] af6f] 5]Sg rGbsf] gfp cl3 ;f¥of] . sf+u|];n] klg To;} u¥of] . g]sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbaLr s]xL ;do otf lgs} lgs6tf a9]sf] lyof] . Pdfn]n] /fhf ;fd' rGbsf] gfd k|:tfljt ug{ cl3 g} sf]O/fnfn] rGbnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;dy{g lbO;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . sf]O/fnfsf] ;d]t ;xdlt b]v]kl5 >L % af6 rGbnfO{ k|wfgdGqLdf lgo'Qm ul/Psf] xf] . t/ >L % af6 k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQmkl5 dlGqd08nsf] la:tf/ rflx+ ;a} k|d'v bnsf] ;xdltaf6 ug]{ ljZjf; lbnfOPsf] /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? atfpF5g\ . pgLx?sf] egfO 5– b/af/n] cfkm\gf] cg's"nsf] k|wfgdGqLsf nflu xfd|f] ;dy{g kfPkl5 xfdL ;a}nfO{ wf]sf lbof] . olb ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf u/]/ ;/sf/df ;Ddfgk"0f{ e"ldsf lbg] tyf sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ ;'lDkg] eP ;a} k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? ;/sf/df ;xefuL e} dfcf]jfbLl;t jftf{sf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] tyf zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/]/ ;s];Dd rfF8} r'gfj u/fpg] kIfdf nfUg] lyP . t/ b/af/n] /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] ;xof]u / txeflutfeGbf lgb{nLo k|j[lQnfO{ ?rfOaS;]sfn] /fhgLlts bnx? Psflt/ / /fhf csf]{lt/ ePsf 5g\ . ;a} k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] /fhfsf] 3f]if0ff / sbdnfO{ c;Dj}wflgs eGb} Tof] uNtL ;Rofpg' bjfjk"0f{ cfu|x ul//x]sf 5g\ .

clxn] ;Qfdf hfg] s;}k|lt klg cfd gful/s / ;DalGwt kf6L{x?sf] ;d]t ;dy{g b]lvGg . k|wfgdGqL / pkk|wfgdGqL h:tf] kb kfPsf nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb / ab|Lk|;fb d08nnfO{ pxfFx?s} kf6L{ /fk|kf / ;b\efjgfn] g} k"0f{ ;dy{g u/]sf] 5}g . oL kf6L{x? zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] lj/f]w ub}{ ;j{bnLo a}7sdf ;xefuL e}/x]sf 5g\ . k|=d= rGb kf6L{ cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf nufot kf6L{sf k|efjzfnL g]tfx?nfO{ e]6]/ ;a}sf] ;dy{g h'6fOlbg cg'go ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . /fk|kf b'O{ u'6df ljeflht ePsf] 5 . Pp6f u'6 cfkm\gf] g]tf k|wfgdGqL aGg' uf}/jsf] ljifo xf] / df}sfsf] kmfObf p7fO xfNg' k5{ tyf ;Qfdf cem ;xeflutf a9fpg'k5{ eGg]df 5 eg] csf]{ kIf cfkm"x?dfly b/af/d'vL egL nflu cfPsf] cf/f]k kvfNg] df}sf oxL xf] eGb} ;Qfdf ;xeflutf ga9fpg] kIfdf 5 . of] zfxL sbdnfO{ ;dy{g g} u/] klg dlGqd08ndf kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 w]/} hgf ;xefuL x'g] l:ylt g/x]sf]n] rGbnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ t/ ^ bnsf] ;+o'Qm lg0f{osf] lj?4 ghfg] dgl:yltdf pQm kf6L{ b]lvG5 . To;f] eof] eg] ‘/fhgLlts ;dy{g’ k|fKt x'g] 5}g . ;b\efjgf kf6L{ leq klg o:t} l:ylt 5 . t/fO{af;Lx?sf] xs lxtsf nflu ;+3if{/t To; kf6L{sf g]tfx? eG5g\ ab|L d08nn] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] d"nwf/sf] dd{ g} a'em]sf 5}gg\ . pgL xfd|f] g]tf ePtf klg pgn] xfd|f] efjgfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Qm}gg\ . t/fO{af;Lsf] k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf ab|L d08nnfO{ pkk|wfgdGqLsf] kb lbOg' ;'lgof]lht if8oGq xf] . kf6L{sf] ;xdlt j]u/ ;Qfdf hfg'sf] cy{ ab|L d08nn] s'g} klg a]nf t/fO{af;Lx?sf] cfGbf]ng / efjgfnfO{ st} jGws /fv]/ cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pgnfO{ t/fO{af;Lsf] k|ltlglw eg]/ of] kb lbOPsf] / pgn] of] kb kfpFb}df dlwz]x? ;Gt'i6 x'g]5g\ eGg] 7flgPsf] 5 eg] b/af/n] k5'tfpg' kg]{5 . t/fO{af;Lx?sf] ljZjf; lhTg' 5 eg] s'g} JolQmnfO{ kb xf]Og xfd|f] ;d:ofsf] lgbfg ul/g' kb{5 . Totflt/ rflx+ b/af/n] lsg Wofg lb+b}g <

cfh zfxL 3f]if0ffk|lt c;xdt ^ k|d'v bnx?sf] a}7s x'Fb}5 . Tof] a}7sdf ;xefuL ePsf oL b'j} kf6L{x?nfO{ km'6fpg] of]hgf ag]sf] cfef; kfOG5 .

of] d'2fsf] 6'+uf] nufpg] a}7s Pdfn]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf e}/x]sf] 5 . Pdfn]n] klg zfxL 3f]if0ff c;Dj}wflgs ePsf] egL o;nfO{ cljnDa ;Rofpg tyf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@* cg';f/ gofF ;/sf/ u7g ug{ /fhf ;dIf bafa lbO/x]sf] 5 . !@& cGt/utsf] ;/sf/df cfkm"x? ;xefuL gx'g] Pdfn] g]tfx? atfpF5g\ . b/af/n] cfkm"nfO{ ;Qfdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ glbPdf zfxL 3f]if0ff lj?4 hgtf aLr hfg] lgZrodf Pdfn] k'u]sf] 5 . t/ Ps ;"q cg';f/ Pdfn]sf k|d'v g]tfn] pkk|wfgdGqL tyf u[xdGqL kb Pj+ dlGqkl/ifb\df ;Ddfghgs :yfg kfPdf cfkm\gf] kf6L{ ;Qfdf ;xefuL x'g tTk/ /x]sf] ;"rgf b/jfl/ofx?nfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . t/ sf+u]|;eGbf qmflGtsf/L / hgkIfLo b]lvg rfxg] Pdfn]n] sf+u|];n] alxisf/ u/]sf] l:yltdf ;Qfdf ;xefuL x'g] lg0f{o ug{ ;xh 5}g .

g]kfnL sf+u|];n] kf6L{sf] ljlwjt lg0f{o u/]/ of] cj:yfdf zfxL 3f]if0ffnfO{ g;RofP;Dd ;/sf/nfO{ /fhgLlts ;dy{g lbg / ;Qfdf ;xefuL x'g ;Dej gePsf] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . To;kl5 s]xL b/afl/ofx? s]xL sf+u]|;LnfO{ JolQmut ?kdf eP klg ;Qfdf ;xefuL e} /fhfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ cfu|x ul//x]sf 5g\ . o; qmddf dx]z cfrfo{, cfdf]bk|;fb pkfWofo, /fds[i0f tfd|fsf/ cflb /fhL ePsf] rrf{ rn]sf] ;Gbe{df ljdz{n] ;Dks{ ubf{ k"j{dGqL Pj+ g]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dx]z cfrfo{n] eGg'eof]–æs] d kfun ePsf] 5' / o:tf] a]nfdf dGqL x'g] <Æ To:t} lgjt{dfg lzIff dGqL cfdf]bk|;fb pkfWofon] eGg'eof]–ækf6L{sf] lg0f{o ljk/Lt d ;/sf/df hfg] ;Dej g} 5}g . d t eG5' o:tf] l:yltdf a? Pdfn] ;Qfdf hfcf];\ sf+u|]; hfg' x'Fb}g . /fhgLlt ug{ ;Qfdf g} a:g'k5{ eGg] 5}g .Æ To:t} k"j{ dGqL Pj+ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fds[i0f tfd|fsf/sf] egfO 5– æof] e|d / em'7f] k|rf/ xf] . kf6L{sf] cg'dlt j]u/ d ;Qfdf hfg] k|Zg} p7\b}g . h'g ;/sf/nfO{ ;+ljwfg k|bQ clwsf/ klg k|fKt 5}g Tof] ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'g'sf] s] cy{ /xG5 <Æ

k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? ;Qfdf ;xefuL x'g] ;Defjgf 36\b} uPkl5 ljleGg kf6L{sf g]tfx?nfO{ ;/sf/df ;xefuL x'g df]ntf]n klg ;'? ePsf] 5 . sf+u|];sf k'/fgf g]tfx?nfO{ ljz]if cfu|x ul/b}5 eg] jfdkGyL k[i7e"ld ePsf k|efjzfnL JolQmx?nfO{ klg rf/f km\oflnPsf] 5 .

Ps hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/, cfkm\g} sdhf]/L / xtf/f]n] ubf{ b/af/ of] ;d:ofdf km;]sf] xf] . g]sf / Pdfn] ;lxtsf ljleGg bnx? rGbs} g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/df klg ;xeflutf hgfpg tof/ lyP . ;/sf/df ;xefuL ePdf rfF8} dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg, rfF8} r'gfj u/fpg / k|hftGqnfO{ klxn]s} nLsdf Nofpg ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] lul/hf sf]O/fnf, dfwj g]kfn cflb /fhfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ ePsf lyP . t/ /fhfsf] xftdf ;Qf cfpgf;fy b/af/sf k'/fgf d08n] / lgb{nafbLx? xfjL ePsf] / lgb{nLo k|s[ltsf] ;/sf/ agfpg] tyf /fHonfO{ lgb{nLo 9+uaf6 cl3 a9fOg] ;+s]t kfP kl5 k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] d'G6f] a6f/]sf x'g\ . t/ clxn] klg /fhf :jo+af6 ;a} bnsf k|d'v g]tfx?nfO{ e]6]/ ax'bnLo k4ltk|lt cfkm\gf] k|lta4tfnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ ljZjf; lbnfpFb} zf;g ;QfnfO{ ToxL p2]Zosf nflu k|of]u ug]{ tyf sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ g} ;'lDkg] s'/fdf cfZj:t t'NofPdf /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;xof]u ug{ c;Dej 5}g . cl:y/tf / le8Gtsf] kIfdf sf]xL klg 5}gg\ . /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr s6'tf / b"/L a9]df ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf emg\ 9Lnf] x'g] ePsf]n] /fhgLlts bnx? ;xdlt, ;dembf/L / ;dGjosf] kIfdf b]lvG5g\ . t/ wldnf] jftfj/0f / b/af/sf] ;+s6sf] nfe p7fO{ /ftf/ft zlQmzfnL ag]sf s]xL JolQmx? /fhfnfO{ /fhgLlts bnx?sf] lj?4 nfUg clek|]l/t ul//x]sf] ;d]t kfOG5 . 

dfcf]jfbL a}7s hf/L 5

>L % af6 /fHo;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnOaS;]sf], rGbsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] / ;/sf/n] æjftf{sf] nflu 9f]sf v'nf 5Æ eGb} dfcf]jfbLx?sf] k|ltlqmofsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] ;Gbe{df g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] kf]ln6Ao'/f]sf] a}7s ef/tsf] xl/åf/df eO/x]sf] rrf{ 5 . ;"q cg';f/ pQm a}7s cfh 6'+uf]df k'Ug] ;+efjgf 5 . a}7sn] cfkm\gf] l;4fGt / gLlt oyfjt /fvL ;/sf/nfO{ o'4lj/fd ug{ eGg] nIf0f 5 . o;}aLr ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr dWo:ytf ug]{ OR5f k|s6 u/]sf] klg s'/f cfPsf] 5 .

s;n] kTofp“5 <

xl/x/ lj/xL

p2]Zotkm{ Wofg glbP/ ;Dj}wflgs b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] g]t[Tjsf] dGqL kl/ifb / dfcf]jfbLx?n] 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjdf agfPsf] tyfslyt dGqL kl/ifb\aLr tflTjs leGgtf ge]l6g ;S5 . /fhfåf/f u7g ul/Psf]n] g} of] ;/sf/n] l;+xb/af/ k:g kfPsf] xf] M /fhfsf] cfb]z / cfzLif afx]s of] ;/sf/n] 6]Sg] s'g} j}wflgs cfwf/ 5}g . lgM;Gb]x tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] k|ltlglw;ef lj36g u/]/ cflv/df r'gfj klg u/fpg g;Sg] ljGtL u/]kl5 eL/df k'u]sf] k|HfftGq / ;+ljwfgnfO{ hf]ufpg >L % dxf/fhflw/fh cu|;/ x'g' c:jfefljs lyPg, t/ ^ dlxgfleq r'gfj u/fO{ k|ltlglw;ef u7g ug]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;/sf/n] c;dy{tf JoQm ul/;s]kl5 df};"kmaf6 k|=d=sf] cl3Nnf] l;kmfl/; ab/ u/L k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu{ vf]lhaS;]sf] eP b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /fhf cfkm}+n] u|x0f ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] lyPg . k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?dWo] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu hf]8 lbO/x]sf] lyof], ;+hdf]–d;fn cflbsf] klg oxL ts{ lyof] eg] Pdfn]n] klg o;f] ul/Pdf cfkm"x?nfO{ cfklQ gx'g] hgfO;s]sf] lyof] . oBlk To;f] ug'{ klg ;Dj}wflgs b[li6n] ljjfbf:kb g} x'g] lyof], t/ ljjfbf:kb eP klg ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGqsf] nflu sd hf]lvdk"0f{ x'g] lyof] . olt cfz+sf p7\g] lyPg . cfIf]k nfUg] lyPg . k|ltlglw;efn] ug]{ lg0f{osf] bf]ifsf] efuL /fhfn] x'g'kg]{ lyPg . /fhfsf] k|ToIf e"ldsf ef]lnkN6} ;dfKt x'g] lyof] / >L % af6 hgtfsf] gf;f] -k|ltlglw;ef_nfO{ ;+s6af6 d'Qm u/L hgtfnfO{ ;'Dk]sf] eP hgtfsf k|ltlglw, ;+;bLo k4lt Pj+ ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGqk|ltsf] ljZjf; / k|ltj4tfnfO{ Jojxf/df ?kfGt/0f ul/Psf] cfbz{– pbfx/0f aGg] lyof] . t/ Tof] df}sf r'Sof] . df};"kmaf6 sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ :jo+ u|x0f u/]kl5 klg, ;+ej eP;Dd hgk|ltlglw jf ;+;b\sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfO{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ x:tfGt/0f ug{ rfxgf /flvaS;]sf] eP klg of] eGbf cjZo k|hftflGqs ljsNk km]nf kg{ ;SbYof] . Tof] df}sf klg r'Sof] . clxn] d'n's ;a}eGbf cgk]lIft / ck|hftflGqs af6f]df nfu]sf] 5 . of] dfu{df cu|;/ x'gsf nflu >L % nfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} klg wf/fn] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5}g . To;}n] !@& / !@* sf] jx; ug'{ Pp6f cfTdfk|j~rgf / 5n dfq 7xl/g]5 . of] k|;+udf !@& / !@* sf] x}l;ot ‘xfQL alnof] ls xfQL 5fk rKkn alnof]’ eGg] lj1fkg h:t} 5M b'a} p:t} p:t} x'g\ . wf/f !@& s'g} sf/0fn] ;Dj}wflgs k|lqmof cj?4 ePdf Tof] cj/f]w x6fpg /fhfaf6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df pkof]u ug]{ k|fjwfg xf] . >L % af6 :j]R5f jf :jljj]sn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] wf/fleq Tof] kb}{g . To:t} s]xL /fhgLlts bnx?n] clxn] 6]Sg vf]h]sf] wf/f !@* ;'ls;s]sf] 5 . To;af6 ca Ps yf]kf klg kfgL emb}{g . To;sf] cfo' @)$* ;fndf hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/ u7g x'gf;fy ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] tTsfnsf] nfesf nflu g]tfx? h'g :t/df plqg klg ts{ ubf{ /x]5g\ eGg] gd"gf xf] of] . g]tfx?n] o:tf] k|j[lQ clxn] dfq k|bz{g u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . @)%! ;fndf -;fpg * ut]_ g} g]sf / Pdfn] ;lxt ljleGg jfd kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] ;+o'Qm jQmJo lbg'sf ;fy} /fhb/af/sf] 9f]sfdf uO{ /fhfnfO{ u}/ ;Dj}wflgs sbd rfNg ljGtLkq r9fPsf lyP . t/ tTsfnLg /fhfsf] ;+od / b"/blz{tfn] ubf{ s'g} b'3{6gf ePg . o:t} cl:y/tf, r~rntf / ;Qfnf]n'ktfn] ubf{ g} . g]tfx?sf] k|lti7f, ljZj;gLotf / nf]slk|otf Ifou|:t ePsf] xf] . !@& sf] k|of]u ug'{ uNtL lyof] eg] ca !@* k|of]u ub}{df Tof] uNtL ;lRrg ;Qm}g . o;df t emg\ !@& df hlQ klg hLjg 5}g . cfdlgjf{rg / hgtfsf] 5f]/fnfO{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] x:tfGt/0faf6 dfq of] vf8n s]xL k'l/g ;S5 . b]pjfsf] clGtd l;kmfl/; Pj+ zfxL 3f]if0ff / b/af/sf] sbdsf] rf]6af6 ;+ljwfgsf tfgfjfgf / ;+j]bgzLn tGt'x? c:tJo:t ePsf 5g\ . d'n'sdf cGo c+ux? ;+s6u|:t ePsf] a]nf clxn];Dd h;f]t;f] ;'/lIft /x]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] eljio klg ;+s6df k/]sf] 5 . s;}sf] ct[Kt dxTjsf+Iffn] ubf{ b]zsf] k|hftflGqs ;+ljwfg g} 3fOt] x'g k'u]sf] 5 . /, 3fp o:tf]

7fpFdf nfu]sf] 5, h;sf] pkrf/ zL3| / ;xh} x'g ;Dej b]lvGg . To;}n] ca ;a}n] tTsfnsf nflu ;+ljwfgeGbf /fhgLlt x]g'{ tyf /fhgLltnfO{ sf]7f / jQmJodf ;Lldt gu/L hgtfsf] efjgfl;t ;xsfo{ ug'{ g} pko'Qm x'g ;S5 .

/fh;+:yfnfO{ lbuf] / bx|f] agfpg rfxg]x?n] /fhfnfO{ /fhgLltdf d'5\g' x'Fb}g . /fh;+:yf ;bf rf]vf], z'4, :jR5 / ul/df dl08t /xg' kb{5 . To;}n] ;Rrf /fhfjfbLx?n] /fhfnfO{ ;Qfsf] pmkfkf]x, åGå, ljjfb / zf;g–;Qfsf] k|b'if0faf6 dfly /fVg' kb{5 eGg] /fhLltzf:qsf] ;j{dfGo dfGotf 5 . g]kfndf ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGqsf] :yfkgfkl5 /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] nf]slk|otfdf ePsf] a[l4 klg of] dfGotfsf] dxTj a9fPsf] 5 . /fhfl;t hlt a9L /fhgLlts / zf;sLo zlQm lyof], hgtf Tolt g} 6f9f eP . /fhf ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lgxLt ug{ / cfkm" ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kl/lwdf a:g /fhL x'gf;fy hgtfn] df};"kmnfO{ cleefjs, ;+/Ifs dfgL ;Dk"0f{ cf:yf / >4f ck{0f u/] . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] eljiok|lt ;'lglZrt x'G5 eg] lg/+s'z / :jR5]rf/L /fhtGqnfO{ vx/]sf] Pp6f jf9Ln] aufpg ;S5 . of] Oltxf; / zf:qsf] s'/f dfq} x}g, xfd|} cg'ejsf] lgisif{ xf] . /fhtGq æ;Dj}wflgsÆ ag]kl5 xfd|f y'k|} u0ftGqjfbLx?sf] /fh;+:yfk|ltsf] wf/0ffdf Jofks kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . ;}4flGts ?kdf u0ftGqjfbL dfGotf /fVg] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ Pdfn] sf+u|]; eGbf cfkm" /fh;+:yfsf] z'elrGts bfjL ub}{ /fhf;Fu ;xof]u dfUg k'u]sf] x'G5 . Pdfn]n] ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGqk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] k|lta4tfdf z+sf gug{ af/Daf/ cfu|x ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . cGo jfdkGyL bnx?n] klg ;Dj}wflgs /fhfsf] e"ldsfsf] d'Qm s07n] k|z+;f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGqsf] e"ldsfnfO{ lgs6af6 cWoog / cg'ej ug{ kfPdf dfcf]jfbLx?s} klg ;f]r kl/jt{g x'g c;Dej 5}g . >L % jL/]Gb|n] pgLx?sf] s'/f ;'Gg wL/]Gb|nfO{ k7fP kl5 tTsfnLg /fhfk|lt dfcf]jfbLx?sf] wf/0ff lgs} km]l/Psf] lyof] . oxfF;Dd ls /fhf jL/]Gb|k|lt cfkm"x?sf] sfo{ut Pstf h:t} eO;s]sf] bfjL ;d]t kl5 pgLx?n] u/] . Tof] bfjL ;To gx'g klg ;S5 . t/ ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGqsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ /fhfsf] nf]slk|otf / k|lti7f Aofks?kdf a9\g] / zlQm / ;Qfk|lt df]x b]vfpgf;fy lj/f]w vKg' kg]{ cg]s 36gf / pbfx/0f xfd|f] ;fd' 5g\ . clxn]s} sf08 x]/f}+– /fhfn] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ cfkm\gf] xftdf lnPsf] slt eof] / < b]pjfn] cToGt cg'lrt l;kmfl/; u/]kl5 lgsf;sf nflu w]/} ljsNk gePsf] l:yltdf c;f]h !* ut] >L % af6 tTsfnsf nflu sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ :jo+ u|x0f ul/alS;of] . To;f] ubf{ klg df};"kmaf6 hgtf ;fd' ;Dj}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo Joj:yfk|lt :ki6 k|lta4tf k|s6 ul/aS;]sf] 5 . t/ hgtfn] kTofPgg\ . df};"kmaf6 gofF ;/sf/ u7g u/]kl5 t nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfPdf cfklQ gx'g] /fo k|s6 ug]{ bnsf g]tfx?n] g} /fhfsf] sbdsf] lj/f]wdf plqP . lj/f]wsf] of] :j/ clxn] lwdf g} eP klg sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ rf8} hgtfdf cfPg eg] hgtf km]l/ hfUg c;Dej 5}g . hlt;'s} cnf]slk|o jf abgfd eP klg ax'bnLo k4ltdf hgtfaLr hfg] t /fhgLlts bnx? g} x'g\ . g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn], /fk|kf, ;b\efjgf, ;h+df], /fhdf], g]dlskf cfufdL r'gfj klg oL jf o:t} bnn] n8\g] x'g\ . hgtfn] oL bnx?nfO{ g} dt lbg] x'g\ . csf]{ ljsNk vf]Hg sxfF hfg] < oL bnx?af6 /fHonfO{ d'Qm ug{ hgtf afx]s s;}n] ;Qm}g . hgtfn] dt / ;dy{g lbPgg\ eg] dfq oL bn d}bfgaf6 aflxl/Pnfg\ . cGoyf /fHon] oL bnx?l;t ;Demf}tf gu/L s'g} pkfo 5}g . /fhgLlts bnsf] e"ldsf / g]tfx?sf lqmofsnfkl;t sf]xL klg ;Gt'i6 5}gg\ . t/, cfkm"nfO{ ;RofP, ;'wf/] / hgtfnfO{ l/emfP eg] hgtf cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf nflu km]l/ log} bnx?sf] cfx\jfgdf cfFvf lrDn]/ ;8sdf plqg ;S5g\ . cfkm"n] kfO;s]sf clwsf/ / :jtGqtf hgtfn] ;lhn} 5f]8\g] 5}gg\ . /, /fhgLlts bnx? hgtfsf] xsx/0f ePsf] lju'n km'Sg yfln;s]sf 5g\ .

k|hftflGqs k4ltdf /fHo;Qfsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ j]u/sf] ;/sf/sf] sNkgf ug{ ;ls+b}g . >L % af6 :jljj]sn] !* ut] :jo+ u|x0f ul/aS;]sf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ cem} klg df};"kmdf g} lgxLt 5 . sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ljxLg ;/sf/sf] cy{ / pkof]lutf e'tk|]t eufpg jf hLjhGt' t;f{pg v]taf/Ldf v8f ul/g] k/Dk/f …a'VofrfÚ eGbf a9L x'Fb}g . d'n's ;fd' pTkGg r'gf}tLsf] lgbfg lghL{j a'Vofrfaf6 ;Dej x'g ;Qm}g . o;sf nflu ;a} k|d'v bn, kIf / ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / ;dy{g ePsf] Pj+ ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt k|efjsf/L ;/sf/sf] vfFrf] 5 .

of] dGqL kl/ifb\nfO{ ;+ljwfgn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;a} clwsf/ k|fKt 5}g . ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] clwsf/nfO{ b/af/sf] lj1lKtn] 5]saf/ nufPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #% n] zf;g Joj:yfsf] lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;+rfng ug]{ lhDd]bf/L dGqL kl/ifb\nfO{ lbP tfklg b/af/sf] c;f]h @^ ut]sf] lj1lKtn] æb}lgs k|zf;gÆsf cltl/Qm s]xL lhDd]bf/L tf]s]sf] 5 . b}lgs k|zf;gsf] ;+rfng dGqL kl/ifb\n] x}g k|zf;lgs ;+oGq / sd{rf/Ln] rnfpg] xf] . ;/sf/n] æk|zf;gÆ rnfpg] x}g æzf;g Joj:yfsf] lgoGq0f / ;+rfngÆ ug]{ xf] . zf;g / k|zf;gdf km/s 5 . of] ;/sf/n] k|zf;g rnfpg] dfq Dof08]6 kfPsf] ;+s]t b/af/sf] lj1lKtn] u/]sf] 5 . /fHo;Qf ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k|=d=nfO{ gePsf] hgfp klg xf] of] . t/ k|=d= / dGqLx? sfo{ Joj:yf lgodfjnL oyfjt /x]sf] cfwf/df cfk"mx?nfO{ klxn]sf ;/sf/ hlQs} clwsf/ /x]sf] xf:of:kb bfjL ub}{5g\ . o;f] ug'{ /fhfsf] ckdfg klg xf] . /fhfn] u|x0f u/]sf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ :jtM dGqL kl/ifbdf ;g]{ st} Joj:yf 5}g . /fhfaf6 o:tf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] klg 5}g .

sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ g} gePsf] ;/sf/sf ‘s'/f’nfO{ s;}n] klg u+eL/ ?kdf lnb}g . s'g} klg k|s/0fdf k|wfgdGqLn] lbPsf] jrg k"/f x'G5 eg]/ s;n] s;/L kTofpg] <

g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ca s] unf{ <

kf6L{ ljefhg / k|hftGqdflysf] ;+s6n] cfxt ePsf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; ca cfTdljZjf;sf;fy zlQm ;+rodf nfu]sf] 5 . b]zsf] kl/l:ylt / hgefjgf cfkm\gf] cg's"n g/x] klg pQm kf6L{ ca hg:t/df uO{ cfkm\gf] s'/f eGg] / hgtfnfO{ hfu[t ug]{ lgZrodf k'u]sf] 5 . cl:t % ut] ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s / To; a}7ssf k[i7e"lddf cleJoQm ljrf/x?n] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] jt{dfg k|lts"n l:yltdf klg cfTdljZjf; gu'dfPsf] tyf k|hftGq ljk/Lt ;+emf}tf ug]{ ;§f cu|ufdL lbzfdf b[9tfsf;fy cufl8 a9\g] dfgl;stf b]vfPsf] 5 . oxfF;Ddls ca pQm kf6L{leq jt{dfg ;+s6 / ;+j}wflgs ;d:ofsf] lgsf; ;Dej x'g] eP ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg klg tof/ x'g'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ k|efjsf/L 9+un] p7\g yfn]sf] 5 . oBlk sf+u|]; ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ;lxtsf] ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k4ltk|ltsf] cf:yfdf sfod} 5 . jfdkGyL bnx?n] ;w}+ j'h'{jf / /fhtGqjfbL kf6L{ egL cfnf]rgf ul//x]sf g]kfnL sf+u|]; g} ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfuk|lt cfslif{t x'g' jfd kf6L{x?sf nflu v'zL / r'gf}tL b'a} aGg ;St5 . #) jif{sf] lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ / P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf kl/0ffd:j?k cfPsf] ;+ljwfg dfly ;d]t v]njf8 ePsfn] sf+u|]; lgs} uDeL/ ePsf] ;+s]t kfOG5 . sf+u|];n] ca cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ePsf uNtL sdhf]/L klg :jLsfb}{ hgtfaLr hfg] / cfkm\gf] ;+u7gnfO{ k'gu{l7t Pj+ k'ghL{ljt ug]{ klg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf % ut] b'O{ r/0fdf ePsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf b]zsf] ;d;fdlos l:yltaf/] uDeL/ 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . k|foM ;a} ;b:ox? zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] sbdn] k|HfftGqsf] dd{df k|xf/ u/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ ca sf+u|];n] klg cfkm\gf] k/Dk/fut gLltdf k'glj{rf/ ug'{kg]{ ;+s]t u/]sf lyP . a}7sdf dxfdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnf, /fdrGb| kf}8]n, z}nhf cfrfo{, uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL, g/xl/ cfrfo{, tf/fgfy /fgfef6, /fds[i0f tfd|fsf/, ch'{gg/l;+x s]=;L=, 8f=/fdz/0f dxt, rqmk|;fb jfF:tf]nf, dxGy 7fs'/, 8f=/fda/0f ofbj, s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nf, cfdf]bk|;fb pkfWofo / eLdaxfb'/ tfdfªn] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm a}7sn] lgisif{sf] ?kdf !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffn] g]kfnsf] /fHo zlQmsf] ;|f]t hgtf g} xf] eGg] dfGotf / g]kfnL hgtfdf lgxLt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/nfO{ pNn+3g u/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ To;k|lt cfkm\gf] uDeL/ c;xdlt oyfjt /x]sf] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . a}7sn] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf q'l6x?nfO{ ;Rofpg k'gM cfu|x ub}{ eg]sf] 5— æ;+j}wflgs x}l;ot / clwsf/ljxLg ?kdf u7g ePsf] dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] s'g} k|sf/sf] /fhgLlts ;dy{g lbg] tyf ;/sf/df ;xefuL x'g] k|Zg g} cfpFb}g .Æ

o; hl6n kl/l:ylt / pkl:yt /fhgLlts ;+s6nfO{ ;xh, :jfefljs / ;+j}wflgs lgsf; eg]sf] lj36g kl5sf] ^ dlxgf leq gofF lgjf{rgåf/f k|ltlglw;efsf] u7g / ;f] x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;fljs hgfb]zåf/f lgld{t k|ltlglw;efsf] lg/Gt/tf g} xf] eGg] wf/0ffdf g]kfnL sfFu|]; sfod /x]sf] 5 eGb} a}7sn] eg]sf] 5—

á /fi6«df ljBdfg cToGt k]lrnf / hl6n ;d:ofx?sf] lgbfg ub}{ d'n's / hgtfsf] :jtGqtf Pj+ /fli6«o :jfledfg / PstfnfO{ cIf'i0f /fVg /fi6«sf ;a} kIfn] cToGt u+eL/ / ;+j]bgzLn eP/ oyfy{jfbL b[li6sf]0f ckgfpg' k/]sf] 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf s'g} klg kIfaf6 Psf·L / lghfTds 9+uaf6 ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg] k|of;n] s'g} ;fy{stf kfpg ;Sb}g— a? cem hl6ntf tkm{ g} kl/l:ylt ws]lng] ;+efjgfx? a9\g] 5g\ .

á æg]kfnL sfFu|]; zfxL 3f]if0ffåf/f ckxl/t g]kfnL hgtfdf lgxLt ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ / cfˆgf k|ltlglwdfkm{t\ To;sf] k|of]u ug]{ ;+j}wflgs k|lqmofsf] k'gM:yf{kgfsf lglDt b[9tfsf;fy hgtfsf aLr hfg] / hgdt lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmofdf k"0f{tM k|ltj4 /x]sf] 5 .Æ

á sf+u|];n] eg]sf] 5— o;sf nflu kf6L{sf] :yfgLo lgsfo Pj+ ;a} eft[ ;+:yfx?n] cf–cfˆgf txdf sfo{qmdx?sf] ;+rfng ug]{ / s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfufdL b'O{ dlxgf leq d'n'ssf] ljleGg If]qsf] e|d0f u/L s]Gb|df cf–cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ lg0f{o ub{5 .

l5§} r'gfj u/fpg] zt{df dfGotf

g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu @)$^ ;fndf ePsf] hgcfGbf]ngk|lt g}lts ;dy{g hgfpg] tyf g]kfndf k|hftflGqs d"No dfGotfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Djw{g rfxg] Pj+ k|hftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofO{ cfPsf ldq /fi6«x? xfnsf] ;Qf kl/jt{gaf6 lrlGtt ePsf] cfef; kfOG5 . oxL lrGtfn] ubf{ pgLx? >L % åf/f nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] g]t[Tjdf ul7t ;/sf/nfO{ z'esfdgf cyf{t\ dfGotf lbg klg lxrlsrfO/x]sf 5g\ . of] ;/sf/nfO{ ljgf zt{ ;dy{g ug]{df rLg / kfls:tfg dfq b]vf k/] . x]Ssf /xf];\ oL b'j} b]zdf k|hftGq 5}g\ . k|hftGqjfbLx? z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] u/]sf] uNtLsf] cf8 lnP/ k|hftGqsf] x/0f ul/g] 5}g / l5§} lgjf{rg u/fP/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] dfGotf cg'?k rNg] Uof/]G6L gkfP;Dd ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u gug]{, a? lbOcfPsf] ;xof]u klg 36fpFb} hfg] dgl:yltdf /x]sf] a'lemG5 . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} ldq/fi6«x?n] s'g} ;/sf/sf] lgotk|lt z+sf k|s6 ub}{ /fhgLlts dfdnfdf jrg vf]h]sf] of] klxnf] cj;/ xf] .

;/sf/sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] k|oTg / k|lta4tfkl5 ldq /fi6«x?n] k|hftGq / ax'bnLo Joj:yf sfod /fVg / lgjf{rg l56f] eGbf l56f] u/fpg] ‘cfzf’ ;lxt z'esfdgf lbPsf 5g\ . x/]s ;/sf/ kl/jt{gdf ;a}eGbf klxn] ef/tn] g} z'esfdgf k7fpg] k/Dk/f /lxcfPsf] lyof] . t/ ef/tn] Tof] k/Dk/fsf] lgjf{x ug{ plrt 7fg]g\ . kfls:tfgdf k|hftGqsf] xTof u/L k/j]h d';/km ;Qfdf cfpFbf awfO{ k7fpg] ef/tn] ;/sf/sf] lgotk|lt cfZj:t x'g s]xL lbg nufof] . ef/t / cd]l/sfaf6 z'esfdgf / awfO{ k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf]df s"6g}lts / /fhgLlts j[Qdf lgs} xnrn NofPsf] lyof] . o;sf nflu ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 leqleq} ljleGg k|oTg klg ePsf lyP . cGTodf sfo{jfxs ef/tLo /fhb"t czf]ss'df/n] pkk|wfgdGqL ab|Lk|;fb d08n, k//fi6« dGqL g/]Gb|ljqmd zfx / k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbnfO{ e]6]/ uDeL/ s'/fsfgL u/]kZrft ef/taf6 z'esfdgf kq cfof] . k|wfgdGqL sfof{no ;"q cg';f/ /fhb"t czf]ss'df/n] ut zlgjf/ k|=d= rGbnfO{ e]6]sf lyP . cfOtaf/ ljbf ePsf]n] pgn] ;f]daf/ k|=d=rGbnfO{ cfkm"n] lbPsf] jrgsf] hfgsf/L lbNnLnfO{ lbP . kmn:j?k d+unaf/ ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL c6nljxf/L jfhk]oLn] k|=d=rGbnfO{ awfO{ k7fP . pQm awfO{ ;Gb]zdf elgPsf] 5– æb]zsf] Oltxf;d} sl7g kl/l:yltdf g]t[Tj ;DxfNg k'Ug' ePsf tkfO{+sf] sfFwdf /fli6«o ;xdltsf] cfwf/df zflgt / :yfloTj jxfnL ug]{ / zL3| ax'bnLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5, xfdL oL p2]Zo k"/f ug]{ ;kmntf k|fKt xf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .Æ

xfn ef/t e|d0fdf /x]sf g]kfnL kqsf/x?l;t s'/fsfgL ug]{ ef/tLo cGo g]tfx?n] klg g]kfndf k|hftflGqs k4ltnfO{ sfod /flvg], zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/L r'gfj u/fpg] zt{df g} ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g lbOPsf] atfPsf 5g\ .

a]nfotn] z'esfdgf lbPsf] 5 t/ Tof] z'esfdgf k|wfgdGqLsf] :t/af6 ge} pkdGqL txaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL 6f]gL An]o/n] s'g} ;Gb]z k7fPsf 5}gg\ . ;xfos ljb]zdGqL dfOs of] a|fpg g]kfn e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd g/x]sf] eP ;DejtM olt;Dd klg dfGotf kfpg] lyPg . k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm x'Fbf cd]l/sfaf6 /fi6«klts} txaf6 awfO{ ;Gb]z cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ rGbnfO{ hh{ a'zn] ;Gb]z gk7fO{ ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 egL cd]l/sL /fhb"tn] awfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . sf7df8f}+l:yt cd]l/sL /fhb"t dfOsn O{= dflngf]:sL] o;cl3 ut ;ftf g} k|=d= rGbnfO{ e]6]/ g]kfnL k|hftGqk|ltsf] cd]l/sfsf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{sf ;fy} ;/sf/sf efjL of]hgf / sfo{qmdaf/] 5nkmn u/]sf lyP . k|=d= rGbn] rfF8} r'gfj u/fO{ ;Dj}wflgs k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh t'NofO{ ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ljZjf; lbnfP kl5 dfq cd]l/sfsf] z'esfdgf k|fKt ePsf] xf] . hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/ k|=d= rGbn] xfn} g]kfn e|d0f u/]/ kmls{Psf cd]l/sL pk;xfos dGqL 8f]gfN8 SofDknfO{ k|hftGqsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu k|Tofe"lt l+b+b} oyfzL3| r'gfj u/fOg] ljZjf; lbnfpg' ePsf] lyof] . To:t} hfkfgsf /fhb"t h]GhL sfldgfuf, ci6«]lnofsf /fhb"t lqml:kog lsg/f]o, a]nfotsf /fhb"t lsy hh{ a|'dlkmN8n] k|wfgdGqL rGbnfO{ e]6]/ rfF8} lgjf{rgsf] ltly tf]Sg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ldq /fi6« / s"6gLlts lgof]ux?n] o;/L bjfj lbPkZrft k|wfgdGqL rGbn] ‘j}zfvlt/’ r'gfj u/fpg] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

hd{gn] t k|wfgdGqL rGbnfO{ clxn];Dd awfO{ lbPg dfq xf]Og rGbsf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;/sf/ eGg;Dd ?rfPsf] kfOPg . hd{gsf g]kfnl:yt /fhb"t ?l9u/ n]Dkn] t hgfwf/ ePsf kf6L{x? ;xefuL gePsf] of] ;/sf/nfO{ dfGotf lbg g;lsg] egL ;fj{hlgs ?kdf dt hfx]/ u/]sf 5g\ . pxfFsf cg';f/ hd{g ;/sf/n] rGbnfO{ dfGotf lbg]af/] clxn];Dd s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf] 5}g . xfdL k|tLIffdf g} 5f}+ . hgfwf/ ePsf /fhgLlts bnx? g]kfnL sf+u|]; Pdfn] ;fd]n eP/ ;/sf/n] k"0f{ cfsf/ kfPkl5 dfq hd{gLn] ;dy{g hgfpg] s'/f /fhb"t n]Dkn] atfpg' eof] . ‘xfd|f] dfGotf xf] ;+ljwfg;Ddt ;/sf/ dfkm{t zL3|fltlz3| r'gfj x'g'k5{ . hd{g ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff oxL xf] .’ hd{gsf /fhb"tn] ;+ljwfg;Ddt ;/sf/n] zL3| lgjf{rg u/fpg' kg]{ k|:tfjnfO{ rf/ k6s;Dd bf]xf]¥ofpg' ePsf] lyof] . /fhb"t n]Dan] of] s'/f k|wfgdGqLnfO{ e]6]/ /fVg] klg hgfpg' eof] . bft[ ;+:yfx?af6 rGbn] clxn];Dd z'esfdgf k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5}g . To;af/] /fhb"t;Fu lh1f;f /fVbf pxfFn] eGg'eof]– ægofF ;/sf/sfaf/] w]/} k|ltlqmof klg cfO/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} s'/f xfdL x]b}{5f}+ .Æ

o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] csf]{ b]z a]lNhodn] r'gfjnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . r'gfj ;dodf ePg, l9nf] ul/of] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] elgPsf] xltof/ ;DalGwt ;+emf}tf /2 x'g ;Qm5 . a]lNhodsf ljb]zdGqL dfOs]nn] cfkm\gf] ;+;bLo ;ldltdf o;} xKtf o:tf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ . ljb]z dGqL dfOs]nn] ;ldltdf eg] g]kfn;Fu xltof/ laqmL ug{ klxn] ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf /2 ug'{ kg]{ clxn];Dd s'g} sf/0f 5}g . t/ g]kfndf l56f] lgjf{rg gePdf ;Demf}tf /2 x'g ;Qm5 .

ldq /fi6«x? dfq xf]Og ltgsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] klg g]kfndf zL3| r'gfj x'g'kg]{ dfu /fv]sf 5g\ . o'/f]k]nL ;+3n] s]xL cl3 jQmJo hf/L ub}{ tTsfn} cfd lgjf{rg / :yfgLo lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg gofF ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] cfwf/leq /x]/ dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug{ klg ;+3sf] ;'emfj 5 . ‘tTsfn} cfdlgjf{rg / :yfgLo lgjf{rgsf] ldlt to ug]{ tkm{ Wofg /fVg' k5{’ jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 . o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] of] jQmJo Tof] ;+:yf;Fu cfj4 ;a} b]zsf tkm{af6 hf/L ePsf] dfGg'k5{ .

k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'k5{

rGb|z]v/, ef/tsf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL

lbNnLaf6 Clif wdnf

á g]kfndf /fhfaf6 rflnPsf] sbd / gofF ;/sf/sf] u7gnfO{ tkfO{+n] s;/L lng' ePsf] 5 <

– g]kfndf ;+s6sfn nfu" ePb]lv h;/L 36gfqmdx? cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\, To;k|lt JolQmut ?kdf d b'lvt 5' . /fhfaf6 gofF ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 ef/tn] :ki6;+u elg;s]sf] 5 ls gofF ;/sf/n] k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'k5{ . To;sf nflu lgjf{rg rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] x'g'k5{ .

á gofF ;/sf/k|lt ef/tsf] k"0f{ ;dy{g 5 <

– o;sf] hjfkm d}n] eGbf klg ef/tLo ;/sf/df /x]sfx?n] lbg' pko'Qm x'G5 . d ;/sf/df 5}g . t/ h'g k|lqmofn] g]kfndf gofF ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ sfd eof], Tof] k|lqmof 7Ls lyPg h:tf] nfU5 . d g]kfndf k|hftGq ;w}+ afFlr/xg' k5{ eGg] rfxgf /fV5' . k|hftGqdf dfq /fhtGqsf] eljio ;'/lIft /xG5 . To;}n] g]kfnsf] gofF ;/sf/n] ;+;bLo k4lt dfkm{t k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg rfF8f] eGbf rfF8f] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff ug'{k5{ .

á gofF ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 ls <

– g]kfndf gofF ;/sf/ u7g eof], of] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfldnf xf] . g]kfndf h'g;'s} JolQm k|wfgdGqL ag] klg Tof] ef/tsf] rf;f]sf] ljifo xf]Og . t/ ljZjsf] Pp6f k|d'v k|hftflGqs d'n's ef/tn] cfkm\gf l5d]sL /fi6«x?df klg k|hftflGqs k4lt sfod xf];\ eGg] rfxgf /fVg' :jfefljs xf] .

á g]kfndf /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr clxn] h;/L lr;f]kgf a9]sf] 5, To;nfO{ 36fpg s] ug'{knf{ <

– g]kfndf k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqaLr cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw x'g'k5{ . of] ;DaGwnfO{ alnof] agfpg /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr ljZjf; / ;xdlt aGg'k5{ . /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr kmf6f] ePsf] cj:yfdf k|hftGq grfxg] Pj+ czflGt dfq dRrfpg rfxg] tTjx?n] kmfObf p7fpg] df}sf kfpF5g\ . /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx? ldn]df g]kfnsf w]/} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ePsf pbfx/0f Oltxf;df kfOG5g\ . o; k6s klg g]kfnsf] ;+s6 ;dfwfg ug{ /fhfn] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ljZjf; / ;dy{g lng}k5{ . /fhf / /fhgLlts kf6L{aLrsf] Pstf clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] .

á g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] eljio s:tf] b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <

– g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] eljio ;'/lIft g} 5 . g]kfnsf] k|hftGq hg:t/;Dd nf]slk|o e};s]sf]n] ca o;nfO{ s;}n] rfx]/ x6fpg ;Sb}g . /fhfaf6 k|hftGqk|lt h'g k|lta4tf JoQm ePsf] 5, To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPdf g} /fhtGqsf] klg eljio pHHjn 5 . zf;g ;~rfng ug]{ dfG5]x? v/fa x'g ;S5g\, t/ o;}sf cfwf/df k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL g} v/fa xf] eGg ldNb}g . g]kfnL hgtf lg/fz eP klg k|hftGqsf] lvnfkmdf eg] 5}gg\ xf]nf .

á olb g]kfndf km]l/ k|hftGq u'Dof] eg] To;a]nf ef/tsf] gLlt s] /xg] 5 <

– g]kfndf k|hftGq u'D5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; g} 5}g . k|hftGqlj?4 h;n] if8oGq u5{, g]kfnL hgtf To;s} lj?4 pqg] 5g\ . lsgls g]kfnL hgtfn] ljut afx| jif{df h'g :jtGqtf kfPsf 5g\, ca Tof] u'dfpg rfxFb}gg\ . ef/t t ;a} b]zdf k|hftflGqs Joj:yf xf];\ eGg] rfxG5 eg], g]kfn t emg\ c;n l5d]sL ldq ePsf]n] g]kfndf ;w}+ k|hftGq xf];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}+ .

á g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg x'G5 xf]nf <

– of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg zflGtk"0f{ ?kd} vf]lhg'k5{ . o;sf nflu dfcf]jfbLx? xltof/ Tofu]/ jftfdf cfpg'k5{ eGg] ;/sf/n] klg pgLx?nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ d"nwf/df cfpg] jftfj/0f agfOlbg' h?/L 5 .

á t/ g]kfnsf pRr:t/Lo dfcf]jfbL g]tfx? t ef/td} cf>o lnO/x]sf 5g\ lg <

– ef/tdf To:tf dfcf]jfbL g]tf e]l6P kqmfp u/]/ g]kfnnfO{ ;'k'b{uL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] e"lddf cf>o glbg] gLltdf ef/t b[9 5 . /, of] ;d:of;Fu n8\g g]kfnn] rfNg] sbdk|lt ef/tsf] ;dy{g /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

á g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljefhgnfO{ tkfO{+n] s;/L lng' ePsf] 5 <

– d cToGt b'lvt 5' . /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx? ldn]/ cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ a]nfdf :jo+ k|hftGqsf] nflu n8]sf] kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; ljeflht x'g' a8f] b'ef{Uok"0f{ 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; Ps x'g'k5{ / p;n] ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g' k5{ . o;n] g} k|hftGqsf] lxt u5{ .

nx/f] tfGbf===

rnlrq cleg]qL >Liff sfsL{ cfTdxTof k|s/0fdf nx/f] tfGbf kx/f] hfg] ;Defjgf 5 . b'O{ jif{ cl3 >Liffsf] gUg t:jL/ lvRg] tTsfnLg k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs p4j e08f/Ln] cfjZos k/] g]kfnd} cfP/ pQm gUg kmf]6f] sf08sf] kbf{kmf; ug]{ atfP kl5 of] sf08 cem hl6n x'g] ;Defjgf a9]sf] 5 . xfn nG8gdf /x]sf cjsfz k|fKt k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs e08f/Ln] aL=aL=;L= g]kfnL ;]jf;Fu lxhf] eg]sf 5g\– æ;/sf/n] dnfO{ yk cg';Gwfgsf nflu af]nfof] / a9L bjfj cfof] eg] d g]kfnd} uP/ kmf]6f] k|s/0fsf] k|df0f lbg ;S5' .Æ e08f/Ln] gflosf ;'lgtf v8\sfnfO{ * xhf/ ?k}ofF lbP/ @ jif{ cl3 cleg]qL >Liff sfsL{sf] gUg t:jL/ lvr]sf] :jLsf/ ub}{ of] sf08df tTsfnLg s]xL jl/i7 dGqLx?sf] ;d]t ;+nUgtf /x]sf] ;+s]t lbPsf 5g\ .

e|i6frf/ M sf]xL afFsL g/xg]

e|i6frf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u / ;DklQ Goflos 5fglag cfof]u lqmofzLn 5g\ . oBlk clxn];Dd s'g} klg d'2f 6'+luPsf] 5}g . ;'?df kqmfp k/]sf sd{rf/L afx]s s'g} lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf 5|}gg\ . 5fkfdfbf{ km/f/ sd{rf/L ;d]t ;/sf/n] kqmfp ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . tL eGbf 7"nf / ei6frf/df a9L uGxfPsf sd{rf/Lx? cfkm\gf] cf]xf]bfdf lgw{Ss;Fu sfd ul//x]sf 5g\, k"j{ dGqL / g]tfx? tfl/vdfq v]Kb}5g\ . t/ ltxf/ kl5 s]xL dGqLx?nfO{ pgLx?n] a'emfpFg} g;Sg] w/f}6L /sdsf] dfu u/L y'gfdf k7fOg] ;+s]t kfOG5 .

clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] ;Qfdf /xFbf clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u u/L cs't ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{ k"j{ dGqLx?sf] aofg lng] qmdnfO{ tLj| kf/]sf] 5 . cfof]udf ;a}eGbf a9L aofg lbg]df k"j{ ;~rf/ dGqL hok|sfzk|;fb u'Ktf kg'{ ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] lxhf] 5}7f} lbg klg cfof]udf aofg lbg'eof] . u'KtfnfO{ cfjZostf eGbf s}of}+ u'gf a9L ;]n'n/ df]jfOn ;]6 cfoft ug{ cg'dlt lbPsf] / b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f cGtu{t 8f6f sDo'lgs]zgsf] dfq Ohfht k|fKt sDkgLnfO{ EjfO; cf]e/ ug]{ 5'6 lbPsf] / /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L ;+rfng ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ cg'dlt lbO{ /fHonfO{ s/f]8f}+ gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPsf] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf aofg lnOPsf] lyof] .

u'Ktfn] d'n'snfO{ cfjZos kg]{ eGbf s}of}+ u'gf a9L df]jfOn ;]6 cfoft ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ # s/f]8 eGbf a9L e|i6frf/ u/]sf] cleof]u nufOPsf] 5 . hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/, u'Ktfn] bLks dnxf]qf gfds Jofkf/LnfO{ ^@ xhf/ yfg df]jfOn ;]6 cfoft ug]{ cg'dlt lbPsf lyP . Tof] a]nf k|lt ;]6 % ;osf b/n] a'emfpg' kg]{ /fh:j ga'emfOPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . ;~rf/ dGqfnosf tTsfnLg ;lrj >L/fd kf}8]n / ;x;lrj s]bf/h+u yfkfn] Ifdtf eGbf a9L df]jfOn ;]6 cfoft ug{ sfg'gt ldNb}g eGg] /fo lbPsf] t/ dGqL u'Ktfn] To;nfO{ jf:t} gu/L dnxf]qfnfO{ df]jfOn ;]6 cfoft ug{ cg'dlt lbPsf] cf/f]k 5 . u'Ktfsf] pQm lg0f{osf sf/0f g]kfn–ef/taLr ePsf] jfl0fHo jftf{df ;d]t g]kfnn] ef/t tkm{ df]jfOn kmf]g t:s/L u/]sf] eGg] ef/tLo kIfsf] cf/f]k ;xg' k/]sf] lyof] . lgjt{dfg dGqL z/t\l;+x e08f/Ln] klg bLks dnxf]qf;+usf] ;fem]bf/L / sldzgdf y'k|} sfd ul/cfPsf] klxn]b]lv rrf{ 5 . cf7f}+ blIf0f PlzofnL v]n'sb k|ltof]lutfsf a]nf h'g ;dodf e08f/L v]n'sb dGqL lyP, ltAataf6 ;fkm v]nsf] ;fdfg lemsfpg] / cf];fg]{ 7]Ssf Hofb} ;:tf] b/ /fv]/ dnxf]qfnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] . ;fkmsf] gfddf t:s/Lsf] ;fdfg Nofpg ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ g} ‘s[lqd / ;:tf] d"No sfod ul/Psf] lyof] . dnxf]qf / e08f/Lsf] ;fF7ufF7 ePsf] / ;fkmsf] gfddf tftf]kfgL gfsfaf6 /fh:j 5nL ;fdfg leq\ofO{ ;f]em} ef/t tkm{ k7fpg] u/]sf] kf]n v'n]kl5 Ps lbg rflx+ ;SsnL dfn Nofpg nufO{ /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefunfO{ 5fkf dfg{ nufP/ tTsfnLg dGqL e08f/Ln] gf6s /rfPsf] w]/}n] la;]{sf 5}gg\ . e08f/L / dnxf]qfaLr clxn] klg ;fem]bf/Ldf ljleGg sf/f]af/ e}/x]sf] cfz+sf ul/G5 . lj3l6t b]pjf dlGqd08ndf :jf:Yo dGqLsf] x}l;otn] klg pxfFn] sltko gLltut lg0f{o u/L e|i6frf/sf] af6f] vf]n]sf] ph'/L clVtof/df k/]sf] 5 . e08f/L dGqL x'Fbfsf] ;dodf :jf:Yo dGqfno / To;sf c+ux? eG;f/df eGbf klg a9L e|i6frf/ x'g] lgsfo ag]sf lyP .

To;}u/L, lgjt{dfg ko{6g dGqL anaxfb'/ s];Ln] klg cgfjZos ?kdf k6s–k6s hxfh / x]lnsf]K6/ rf6{/ u/L d'n'snfO{ s/f]8f}+sf] gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPsf] ljifodf cfof]udf ph'/L k/]sf] 5 . s];Ln] rf6{/ u/]sf] x]lnsK6/sf] ef8f zfg]jflg / gful/s p8\oog k|flws/0fn] cem} ltl/;s]sf 5}gg\ .

k"j{ dGqL lr/~hLjL jfUn]n] @)$* / @)%# ;fndf dGqL x'Fbf k]z ug'{ ePsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f / kl5Nnf] k6s ;DklQ Goflos hfFra'em cfof]unfO{ lbg' ePsf] ljj/0fdf 7"nf] cGt/ b]lvPsfn] clVtof/n] pxfFdfly 5fglag ;'? u/]sf] xf] . jfUn]n] cfkm\gf] vftfdf ^ nfv dfq /sd /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] t/ pxfFsf 5f]/f b]j]Gb| jfUn]sf gfddf ! s/f]8 !) nfv eGbf a9L /sd ePsf] ;fj{hlgs eP kl5 clVtof/n] jfUn] ;lxt pxfFsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] a}+s vftf /f]Ssf ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] .

k"j{ dGqL v'daxfb'/ v8\sf klg clVtof/sf] 5fglag bfo/df kg'{ ePsf] 5 . k6s–k6s u[x / hn;|f]t nufot dxTjk"0f{ dGqfnosf lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf v8\sfnfO{ jqmfxf gbL lgoGq0f cfof]hgfdf !( s/f]8eGbf a9L /sd clgoldttf u/]sf] ph'/Lsf cfwf/df cfof]un] 5fglag cuf8L a9fO/x]sf] 5 . clVtof/df Psk6s aofg lbPkl5 v8\sf æpkrf/sf] l;nl;nfdfÆ ef/t hfg' ePsf] 5 . cfof]un] df]jfOn kmf]g ;]jf ;~rfng gx'Fb} @) xhf/ ;]6 cfoft ug{ cg'dlt lbP jfkt k"j{ ;~rf/ dGqL /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL;Fu klg aofg lnO;s]sf] 5 .

pRr:t/Lo ;DklQ 5fglag cfof]un] lxhf] klg # hgf sd{rf/L;Fu aofg lnof] . ko{6g dGqfnosf ;x;lrj gu]Gb| l3ld/], jfl0fHo dGqfnosf ;x;lrj k|r08 >]i7 / ;8s ljefusf OlGhlgo/ 6gsnfn ofbj;+u aofg lnof] . oL ltg} hgfn] sfd ug]{ sfof{nox? Jofks e|i6frf/ x'g] dWo] kb{5g\ . pxfFx?n] ;DklQ ljj/0f kmf/fddf lgSs} sd ;DklQ b]vfpg' ePsf] ljifonfO{ u+eL/tfsf;fy ln+b} cfof]un] yk hfgsf/L dfu u/]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . cfof]un] k"j{ pkk|wfgdGqL Pj+ Pdfn]sf g]tf afdb]j uf}tdnfO{ pxfFsL >LdtL t'n;f yfkfsf] gfddf /x]sf] dfpG6 Pe/]i6 kf]lnlSnlgs ;+rfng ug]{ /sd sxfFaf6 cfof] eGg] ljifodf ;f]wk'5 u/]sf] lyof] . @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw r'gfj kl5 ag]sf] rdfn] ;/sf/df pkk|wfgdGqL Pj+ u[xdGqL /xg' ePsf uf}tdn] ljb]zL ljlgdo ckrng u/L c/af}+ ?k}ofF lxgfldgf u/]sf] cf/f]k ;lxt ph'/L k/]kl5 cfof]un] pxfFsf] ;DklQ af/] yk hfgsf/L lng af]nfPsf] xf] . uf}tdn] cfk"m;Fu 3/ hUuf / ef}lts ;fdfu|L u/L * nfv dfq ePsf] bfjL ug'{ ePsf] 5 . uf}td nufot pxfFsL >LdtL, @ 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/Lsf] vftf cfof]un] dfu u/]sf] 5 .

To:t}, /fk|kfsf jl/i7 s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /jLGb|gfy zdf{;Fu klg pxfFn] b]vfpg' ePsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f lrQa'em\bf] gePsfn] hUuf / Pe/]i6 a}+sdf /x]sf] z+sf:kb z]o/sf af/]df cfof]un] lgSs} rf;f]sf;fy ;f]wk'5 u/]sf] lyof] . :juL{o s[i0faxfb'/ lx/frgsf 5f]/fsf] gfddf /x]sf] 7"nf] ;+Vofsf] z]o/ cfkm\gf] gfddf ug]{ t/v/ zdf{n] ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . zdf{;Fu c+zj08fsf] sfuh;d]t dfu ul/Psf] 5 .

/fk|kfs} pkfWoIf 8f=k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn] klg cfof]udf nfdf] aofg lbg'eof] . pxfFsf] afg]Zj/ / w'Da/fxLl:yt 3/sf] gS;f ;d]t kf; gul/Psf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] hfgsf/L dfu u/]sf] lyof] . g'jfsf]6l:yt hUufsf] lt/f] ;d]t nfdf] ;dob]lv gltl/Psf] tkm{ klg cfof]un] 8f= nf]xgLsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] .

hn;|f]t ;lrj nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{n] klg cfof]u ;dIf cg'dfg ul/P eGbf lgSs} sd ;DklQ ljj/0f k]z ug'{ ePsf]n] pxfFnfO{ klg cfof]un] aofg lnof] . eG;f/sf] dxflgb]{zs ;d]t /lx;Sg' ePsf ;lrj sfsL{nfO{ nfnk'hf{ / cGo ;DklQsf] ljj/0f :ki6 ?kdf k]z ug{ cfof]un] lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 .

ljut 8]9 dlxgf otf cfof]un] zfg]jflgsf cWoIf /fdf1fk|;fb rt'{j]bL, k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no eQmk'/sf k/LIff lgoGqs 8f=;xb]j e§, Pdfn] g]tf eLd /fjn, g]kfn cfon lgudsf k"j{ dxfk|aGws dbg/fh zdf{, /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefusf k"j{ pkdxflgb]{zs g/]Gb|dfg >]i7, k"j{ dGqLx? cf]dsf/ >]i7, anaxfb'/ s];L, laho uR5bf/, lr/~hLjL jfUn], uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL, ch'{gg/l;+x s];L, df]bgfy k|l>t, k"j{ /fHodGqLx? nId0f l3ld/], uf]kfnhLh+u zfx, vf]ef/L /fo / ef/t zfxsf] kl/jf/sf] vftf ljj/0f dfu u/]sf] 5 . k|=d=lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsL 5f]/L ;'hftf sf]O/fnf nufotsf JolQmx?;Fu aofg lnPsf] 5 / a}+s vftf ;d]t dfu u/]sf] 5 . – k|sfz lu/L

kf6L{x?n] Kof; d]6fpg ljifkfg u/]

gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5], cWoIf, g]dlskf

;Qfdf uPsf /fli6«o kf6L{x? / dGqLx?n] k~rfotL z}nLn] g} sfd u/]sf] x'gfn] b]zdf cfhsf] l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] xf] . k~rfotsfndf k~rfotL dGqLx?n] h;/L cfkm\gf gftf–uf]tf / cfp/]–afp/]x?sf] lglDt k|fyldstf lbGy] To;/L g} k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yf{kgfkl5 ag]sf ;/sf/sf dGqLx?n] klg Ps k|sf/sf] lahosf] pGdfbdf cf–cfkm\gf gftf–uf]tf / cfkm\g} u'6sf] :jfy{ cg's"n sfd u/] . ltgLx?n] k~rfotsf c;kmntfx? / To;a]nfsf dGqLx?sf unt sfd sfo{jfxLaf6 l;s]gg\ . a? ltgLx?s} kb lrGx k5\ofpFb} uP .

k~rfotsfndf /fli6«o k~rfotdf k'Ug JolQmut ?kn] dflg;x? bf}8w'k uy]{ eg] k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yf{kgf kl5 ‘/fli6«o’ kf6L{x?af6 lgjf{rgdf cfkm\gf] ax'dt k|fKt ug{ jf lgjf{rgdf ljho k|fKt ug{ k|zf;gsf] b'?kof]u, k};fsf] 5]nf]v]nf], lgjf{rg lgodfjnL / cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ ldRg], dtbfg s]Gb| sAhf ug]{, ad / aGb's k|of]u ug]{, ;'g–rfFbL, kb / k};fsf] cfZjf;g, lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssf lgjf{rgs} lglDt rGbf ;+sng, jg ljgfz, sf7 t:s/L, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jf–a9'jf, k/LIffkmnsf] ;kmntf–c;kmntf, dtkqsf] afs;sf] ;f6km]/ cflb ;a} clgoldttf ‘ax'bnLo k|hftGq’s} lxtsf] gfddf eP .

/fli6«o kf6L{x?n] Kof; d]6fpg ljifkfg u/] . cf–cfkm\gf] kf6L{ ;Qfdf k'Ug / k'¥ofpg jf 7"nf] efu vfg ax'bnLo k|hftGqnfO{ Rofvfdf xfn] . ;'gsf] km'n kfg]{ s'v/LnfO{ dfg]{ JolQm;+u ‘/fli6«o’ kf6L{x?sf dGqLx?nfO{ bfFh]df km/s kg]{ 5}g .

;fF:s[lts / P]ltxfl;s :df/s hf]ufpg] /sd dGqL / kf6L{sf sfo{stf{sf] 3/ ag], lzIffsf] k|rf/ / :t/ ljsf;sf] gf/fdf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf gftfuf]tfsf] u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ?k lbO{ bftfx?nfO{ ;d]t nlHht kf/L gSsnL k|df0fkqsf] pTkfbg s]Gb|sf] ?kdf rrf{ rnfP . lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft cflb ;a} dGqfnosf] c/af}+ ?k}ofF Pp6} lhNnfdf vr{ ug'{, ljb]zL;+u x'g] x/]s n]gb]g / 7]Ssfk§f tyf of]hgfdf s/f]8f}+–s/f]8sf] sldzg sf08sf] s'/f p7\g' :jo+ ‘/fli6«o’ kf6L{x?n] ;'gsf] km'n kfg]{ s'v'/L df/L vfg] cb"/bzL{ sfd u/]s} ?kdf ;+j]bgzLn ;d'bfon] ln+b} cfPsf] k|i6 5 . dfcf]jfbL kLl8t sf]if, /fhg}lts kLl8tsf] sf]ifsf] /sd, u0f]zdfg l;+x zflGt cleofg, ul/j;+u ljZj]Zj/ jf cGo ;a} sf]ifsf /sd klg cf–cfkm\g} kf6L{sf ;dy{sx? jf 3';k}7x?n] kfPsf 5g\ . kIfkft g} k|hftGqsf] kof{ojfrL zAb aGof] . /fli6«o kf6L{sf g]tf jf dGqLx?nfO{ eGbf b]Vg]x?nfO{ nfh eof] / cGt//f{li6«o ;efdf ;d]t ljb]zL bftfx?sf] tkm{af6 ‘e|i6frf/’, s'zf;g / clgoldttf ePsf] 3f]if0ff eof] . t/ ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 g To; cleJolQmsf] lj/f]w x'G5 g t /fhLgfdf lbOG5 . ‘g+uf gfr] xhf/ bfpm’sf] k|bz{g ;/sf/x?af6 eof] .

oL ;a} l:yltdf /fli6«o kf6L{x? k|ltztsf] lx;fjn] lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . t}klg tL kf6L{x? ‘sfG5fafa'sf cg'xf/’ ;fljt eP . ;+s6sfn nfu" ug'{, ;+;b\ lj36g ug'{, :yfgLo lgsfo lj36g ug'{ / dxflgjf{rg ^ dlxgf k/ ;fg]{ ;j{bnLo lg0f{o ljk/Lt cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ;fgf] lxtsf] lglDt Ps jif{eGbf a9L lgjf{rg k/ ;fg]{ l;kmfl/;n] k|=d= z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g 3/sf] g 3f6sf] eof] . ;dod} g]kfnL sf++u|]; / /fli6«o kf6L{x?n] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj /fv]/ k|hftGqnfO{ cK7]/f]df kfg]{ z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] ;/sf/nfO{ x6fPsf] eP b]z cfh ‘af3 / eL/sf]’ cK7]/f]df kg]{ lyPg . o; l:yltsf] lglDt klxn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf tbf?s lg0f{osf] cefj b]vf k5{ . cg'zf;gsf] sfo{jfxLnfO{ cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjsf] ?kdf abNg' kb{Yof] . g]=sf=sf] g]t[Tjdf To;sf] cfF6sf] sdLn] jf s]n] xf] cfh b]z / hgtf rf}af6f]df v8f 5 . wDsL / an g} t k|hftGq xf]Og, t/ pko'Qm ;dosf] ;'ema'emn] k|hftGq hf]luG5 .

/fli6«o kf6L{x?sf] cf–cfkm\g} g]t[Tjdf lgjf{rg u/fpg] ;f]r g} cfhsf] ;+s6sf] pTklQsf] sf/0fdWo] Pp6f xf] . To; ;f]rnfO{ TofUg' g} ;dfwfgsf] pkfosf] 9f]sf v'Ng' xf] . k|i6 5– dflysf ;a} aofg / ljZn]if0fn] ;Qfdf a;]sf] kf6L{ g} /fhgLlts t/ntfsf] nflu a9L lhDd]jf/ 5 . ;fy} c? ‘/fli6«o’ kf6L{x?n] klg o;sf] lhDd]jf/L lng'k5{ .

;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ;/sf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ lgsfo jf zlQm g} ;+;b\ xf] . ;+o'Qm ;/sf/x?n] ;+;b\nfO{ hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ynf] xf]Og a? Ps em\ofpm ;Dem] eg] ax'dt k|fKt ;/sf/x?n] ;+;b\nfO{ cfkm\g} sfo{stf{x?sf] hdft jf ;'Gg} gkg]{ lj/f]wLsf] cfjfh ;+emg] u/] . ;fFrf] cy{df k|hftGq jf ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ /fhgLltzf:qdf ‘lg/+s'z’ Joj:yfsf ?kdf lrq0f ul/Psf] 5}g . Jojxf/df xfdLn] pN6f] cg'ej u¥of}+ . ;fwf/0f hgtf ;QfkIfsf sfo{stf{x?sf] cx+sf/ / kIfkftn] emg\ cft+lst eP . To:tf] l:yltsf] sf/0f ;'?df ‘dfcf]jfbLx?’nfO{ ufpFsf hgtfn] Ps ‘lasNk’ ;Dem] . kl5 kl5 hgtfn] ‘dfcf]jfbL’ ultljlwnfO{ klg krfpg ;s]gg\ . /fli6«o kf6L{x? ;Qfdf k'Ug] bfpd} lyP . o;sf/0f d}n] af/+af/ ‘/fli6«o’ kf6L{x?s} gfd lng] u/]sf] x'F, lsgeg] hgtfn] ltgLx?nfO{ g} a9L lhDd]jf/L ;'Dk]sf x'g\ .

;+;b\ / :yfgLo lgsfo lj36g ug]{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ‘cfkm" d/]kl5 8'd} /fhf’ eGg] vfnsf] ;f¥x} u}/–lhDd]jf/ z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] ;/sf/n] ax'bnLo 8'+ufdf Kjfn kfb}{ uof] eGbf cTo'lQm x'g] 5}g . z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] dg;fo h] ;'s} xf];\ t/ pgsf kfOnfx? Ps÷Ps u/]/ b'3{6gflt/ 8f]l/+b}} lyof] . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;+;bLo g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf æsRrf j}BÆ ;fljt eof] . l:ylt ;DxfNg g;Sg] b]lvPkl5 z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] kf6L{df /fhLgfdf lbg' kg]{ lyof] jf v'Nnf ?kd} Pdfn]sf] ;xof]usf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{ lyof] jf csf]{ kf6L{sf] btf{ kl5 tTsfn g}lts ?kn] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbg' kb{Yof] . cyjf ^ dlxgfleq r'gfj ug{ g;Sg] l:yltdf /fhf ;dIf /fhLgfdf r9fpg' kb{Yof] . To:tf] cj:yfdf /fhfaf6 z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ g} lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fpg k'gM k|wfgd+qL lgo'lQm x'g ;SYof] . / cfhsf] of] cGof}n b]z / hgtfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ lyPg . kbnf]n'ktfsf] csf]{ kl/0flt g} b]]zsf] b'b{zf xf] . o; cy{df z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ Oltxf;n] slxNo} dfkmL lbg] 5}g .

;j{bnLo a}7sn] afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ g} lhDdf lbPsf] lyof] . /, ^ dlxgfsf] 7fpFdf Ps jif{eGbf a9L k/ lgjf{rg ldlt tf]Sbf pgL ‘3/sf] g 3f6sf]’ ag] . d t km]l/ eG5'– /fhfaf6 cGof}nsf] l:yltdf ‘r]tfjgL’ jf ‘/]k|mL’sf] sfd ePsf] xf] . ca /fhfaf6} g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] wf/f !@* cg';f/ sfd ePdf clxn]nfO{ Pp6f ;d:of 6g]{5 . lgliqmo x'g] wf/f ;+ljwfgdf /fVg} x'g] lyPg .

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