dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;a} kf6L{n] z+sf u/]
dx/fx¿ cGo /fhgLlts zlQmnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg Ao:t M jftf{ pknlAwk"0f{ x'g ;S5

o'4lj/fdkl5 ;/sf/L kIf ;':tultdf lx8]sf] / cGo /fhgLlts bnx?n] z+sfsf] b[li6n] x]/]sfn] dfcf]jfbLx? gofF ;d:ofsf] e'e/Ldf k/]sf 5g\ . clxn] pgLx? c? kf6L{sf g]tfx?nfO{ :ki6Ls/0f lbFb} cfkm"dfly ljZjf; ug{ cg'go ljgo ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] b/af/n] æklxn] c? /fhgLlts bnx?l;t s'/f ldnfcf] To;kl5 jftf{ u/f}nfÆ egL kG5fpg yfn]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx? clxn] ;a}l;t ljgd| ?kdf k|:t't e}/x]sf 5g\ . Ps ;"q cg';f/ jftf{sf] k[i7e"ld agfpg Pj+ /fhgLlts bn, dfgjclwsf/jfbL / gful/s ;d'bfodf k/]sf] e|d x6fO{ ;xh jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ kf6L{n] v6fPsf g]tfx? s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f / bLgfgfy zdf{n] o;aLr >L % dxf/fhflw/fh;Fu klg e]6 u/]/ cfkm\gf] s'/f /fVg'ePsf] rrf{ 5 . o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff x'g'cl3 dfcf]jfbL g]tfx? dflysf] cft+sjfbLsf] 3f]if0ff, 6fpsf]sf] df]n / OG6/kf]nsf] /]8sg{/ gf]l6; sfod} /x]sfn] To:tf s'g} klg g]tfn] /fhfsf] bz{ge]6 kfpg ;Dej lyPg . ca >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ g} Tof] xl6;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] dxTjk"0f{ d'2fsf] l5gf]kmfgf] ug]{ ;Gbe{df ljz]if b"t ag]/ cfPsf dx/f / zdf{nfO{ df};"kmaf6 bz{ge]6 alS;g c;Dej 5}g . oBlk o;sf] k'i6L ePsf] 5}g . of] o'4lj/fdsf] ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr ;Dks{ ;"qsf] ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgefPsf jL/]Gb| >]i7 emfkfnLsf] klg egfO{ 5— æclxn] dfcf]jfbL g]tfn] /fhfnfO{ e]6]sf] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . of] tTsfn ;+ej klg 5}g .Æ Ps;"q cg';f/, k|d'v /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] ;xof]u / ;xdlt j]u/ x'g] jftf{sf] kl/0ffd ljjfbdf kg{ ;Sg] ePsfn] b/af/n] pgLx?nfO{ klxn] 7"nf kf6L{x?;Fu s'/f ug{ ;Nnfx ug{ cg'dlt lbPsf] 5 .

dx/f / zdf{n] cl:t d+unaf/ g]sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ e]6]sf lyP . pgLx?n] e]6\g ;do dfu]kl5 sf]O/fnfn] lgjf;:yfg 8fSg' ePsf] lyof] . t/ sf]O/fnfsf] lgjf;:yfgdf ;'/IffsdL{ / sfo{stf{sf] eL8 a9L x'g] ePsfn] pgLx? cs}{ PsfGt 7fpFdf s'/f ug{ OR5f k|s6 u/] . tbg'?k sf]O/fnfn] cfkm\g} kl/jf/sf Ps ;b:osf] lgjf;:yfgdf pgLx?nfO{ af]nfpg' ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 tLghgf lyP eg] sf]O/fnf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nfnfO{ ;fydf lnP/ hfg' ePsf] lyof] . b'O{kIfaLr jftf{ dw'/ jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg eof] . hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/ sf]O/fnfn] o'4lj/fd olt ;lhn} ePsf] xf]nf eGg] kTofpg d tof/ 5}g eGb} o'4lj/fdsf ;Gbe{df ePsf s'/f / ;Gbe{x? :ki6;+u /fVg'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] o'4lj/fd ePsf]df cfkm"nfO{ v';L nfu]sf] / o;nfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lnPsf] atfpFb} ca r} jftf{ kl/0ffdd'vL xf];\ eGg] rfxgf k|s6 ug'{eof] . sf]O/fnf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?nfO{ ;a} kf6L{x? zflGtsf] kIfdf 5g\ eGb} t/ o'4lj/fdsf] gfddf /fhg}lts kf6L{x?nfO{ pk]Iff ug]{ k|hftGq lj?4 ;+emf}tf ug]{ sfd eof] eg] /fd|f] k|ltlqmof k|:t't gx'g] :ki6 k|ltlqmof k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] c? kf6L{x?l;t klg ;Nnfx u/]/ jftf{df a:g ;'emfj lb+b} dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] . dx/f / zdf{n] sf]O/fnfsf] z+sfsf] k|To'Q/df w]/} s'/f ug{ rfxg' ePg . pxfFx?n] cfkm\gf] tLgj6f dfq dfu /x]sf] atfpFb} cfkm"x?sf] lgotdfly z+sf gug{ cg'/f]w ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx?n] :ki6 zAbdf eGg'eof]– k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ ;xefuL gagfO{ of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g} ;Qm}g . xfdL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xeflutf;lxtsf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngaf6 lemSg] kIfdf 5f}+ . To;kl5 dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?n] jfd g]tfx? dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5], ;LkL d}gfnL / czf]s /fO{nfO{ e]6L ToxL s'/f bf]xf]¥ofpg' eof] eg] cGo g]tfx?n] klg sf+u|];sf ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] JoQm u/] h:t} ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] . s]xL g]tfx?n] dfcf]jfbLsf tLg ;"qLo dfu af/] klg 5nkmn ug'{eof] . t/ dx/f / zdf{ tL dfux?sf] p2]Zo / k|lqmofaf/] klg gf/fodfg ljh'S5] ;lxtsf jfd g]tfx?nfO{ ;xdt u/fpg ;Sg' ePg . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng s;n] ug]{ / s;/L u/fpg] < ;+ljwfg;ef s'g p2]Zosf nflu < /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq sfod} /fVg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;ef lsg rflxof] < ljleGg g]tfx?n] p7fPsf o; k|Zgsf hjfkmdf clNemg dfcf]jfbLsf b'a} g]tfn] rfxg' ePg . pxfFx?n] ;a}nfO{ clxn] cfkm"x? lzi6frf/ e]6 ug{, /fhgLlts ;DaGw :yflkt ug{, kl/ro ug{ / cfkm\gf] lgot dfly z+sf gul/of];\ egL cg'/f]w ug{ dfq cfPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFx?sf] e]63f6sf] qmd hf/L 5 .

;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] OR5f / ck]IffeGbf ;'Id 9+un] sbd rfln/x]sf] 5 . o'4lj/fdkl5 dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x?n] hj/h:tL rGbf p7fpg] tyf gful/sx?nfO{ cft+lst ug]{ ul/Psf]df /fHokIfn] s8f r]tfjgLsf ;fy To:tf] gug{ jQmJo hf/L u/] kl5 dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] g} rGbf ;+sngsf] sfo{ aGb ug{ ;fj{hlgs jQmJo hf/L u/]/ g} lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . k|r08sf] pQm jQmJosf] zfxL ;]gfn] klg ;/fx|gf u¥of] . o;n] s] :ki6 u5{ eg] dfcf]jfbLx? ca h;/L eP klg jftf{ ;kmn xf];\ eGg] kIfdf 5g\ . /fHon] cfkm\gf] tkm{sf] s'g} sfo{nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ k'gM h+un hfg afWo gkf/f];\ egL k|r08x? ;hu 5g\ . /fHon] jftf{sf] k[i7e"ld lgdf{0f ug{ cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 l9nf;':tL ul//x]sf] cfz+sf pgLx?n] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd jftf{ 6f]nLsf] u7g;d]t u/]sf] 5}g . Ps ljZj:t ;"qsf cg';f/, ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf] ?k/]vf egL k7fOPsf] Pp6f ;"rLnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] c:jLs[t ul/lbPsf 5g\ . Tof] ;"rLdf 6f]nLsf] ;+of]hs gf/fo0fl;+x k'gnfO{ g} /flvPsf] lyof] / ;b:ox?df k"j{ ;]gfkltx? ;lrtzDz]/ hj/f, wd{kfnj/l;+x yfkf, k|HjnzDz]/ hj/f tyf k"j{ d'Vo;lrj s0f{Wjh clwsf/Lsf] gfd lyof] . t/ dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?n] o:tf] 6f]nLl;t jftf{ ubf{ c? kf6L{x?n] k"0f{?kdf c;xof]u ug]{ tyf ;f] 6f]nLsf] s'g} /fhg}lts rl/q gb]lvg] ePsf]n] /fhgLlts 5lj ePsf] 6f]nL u7g ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . jftf{ c/fhgLlts dfux?af6 k|f/De xf];\ eGg] klg b/af/sf] wf/0ff 5 . of] wf/0ffk|lt eg] dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg ;xdlt hgfPsf] ;+s]t kfOG5 .

dfcf]jfbLsf] jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{ æcft+ssf/L P]gÆ / cfkm"x? dflysf] d'2f vf/]h geP;Dd ;fj{hlgs x'g] kIfdf x'g'x'Gg . t/ kf6L{ eg] ;s];Dd rfF8} pxfFnfO{ v'nf d}bfgdf k7fpg] kIfdf 5 . 8f=e§/fO{ ;fj{hlgs eP/ v'nf 9+un] ljleGg kf6L{ / gful/s ;dfh;Fu s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] /ftf/ft dfcf]jfbLk|ltsf] z+sf ;dfKt u/L /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xof]u k|fKt x'g] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] ljZjf; dfcf]jfbLx?sf] b]lvG5 . oxL !% ut] pgLx?sf] s]Gb|Lo g]t[Tjsf] lj:tfl/t a}7s 5 . pQm a}7sn] 8f=e§/fO{nfO{ jftf{sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df ljz]if cj;/ lbg] ;+efjgf 5 . x]Ssf /xf];\ pxfF dfcf]jfbLåf/f ul7t s]Gb|Lo hg;/sf/sf] k|d'v -cyf{t k|wfgdGqL_ klg xf] . t/ ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 8f=afa'/fd;Fu klg hfb'sf] 58L 5}g .

o;}aLr :jL; ;/sf/sf] cfdGq0fdf h]g]efdf ePsf] e]nfdf g]kfnsf ljleGg bnsf g]tf / ;fdflhs If]qsf ljlzi7 JolQmx? Pj+ ljb]zL af}l4s ;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglwx?n] cfkm"x? b/af/eGbf hgtfsf] kIfdf nfUg] tyf k|hftflGqs k4lt / dfGotfnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ /fhtGqsf] lj?4 ghfg] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . To; uf]i7Ldf ;xefuLx?n] cGo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cg'kl:yltdf jftf{ / uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng x'g g;Sg] atfpFb} ;a} /fhgLlts bn Psdt ePdf ;+;bLo Joj:yf :jLsf/ ug{ klg cfkm"x? tof/ x'g ;Sg] ;+s]t klg dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglwn] lbPsf lyP .

dfcf]jfbLx? /fhfl;t k|ToIf s'/fsfgL u/]sf] :jLsfg{ cem} tof/ 5}gg\ . pgLx? jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm"x?n] klg dfGotf glbPsf] jtfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs gf/fo0fl;+x k'g;Fu cfkm"x?n] ;/sf/sf] dGqLsf] ?kdf geO{ /fhfsf] k|ltlglwsf] x}l;otn] jftf{ u/]sf] pgLx?sf] egfO{ 5 . o; ;Gbe{df pgLx?sf] bfjL 5— oxL sf/0fn] gf/fo0fl;+x k'gnfO{ jftf{ 6f]nLsf] ;+of]hs agfpg] lg0f{o ubf{ ‘dGqL’ elgPsf] 5}g . xfdL dGqL;Fu xf]Og, /fhfsf k|ltlglw gf/fo0fl;+x k'g;Fu s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] /fhfnfO{ dfq xf]Og k|d rGbnfO{ klg e]6]sf 5}gf}+ .

dfcf]jfbLx?sf] efjL gLlt o:t} /x\of] / pgLx?n] cGo /fhg}lts bnsf] ljZjf; kfP eg] jt{dfg ;+s6sf] ;sf/fTds lgsf; c;+ej 5}g . t/ o;nfO{ ;Dej t'Nofpg ;a}eGbf klxn] /fhf / cGo bnx?aLr ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f aGg' ckl/xfo{ 5 .

cfrf/;+lxtf of] ;ftf

/fhg}lts bn, gful/s ;dfh / dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yf tyf jf}l4s ju{n] Jofks bafa lbPkl5 cGttM ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] k|ltlIft cfrf/;+lxtf ;fj{hlgs x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;+lxtf lgdf{0f eP/ nueu clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . b'j} kIfaf6 x:tfIf/ ePkl5 rfF8} g} cfrf/;+lxtf hg;dIf cfpg] 5 . t/ dfcf]jfbLsf d'Vo g]tfx? cem} e"ldut g} /x]sf], tL g]tfx?sf] ;xdlt j]u/ s'g} lg0f{o x'g g;Sg] ePsf] tyf dfcf]jfbLsf z'elrGtsx?n] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] nflu ;'emfj k7fpg] qmd hf/L /x]sf]n] xfnsf] d:of}bf cem ;+zf]lwt x'g] ;Defjgf 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] ;+zf]wg u/]df kl5Nnf] d:of}bf b/af/ k7fPkl5 dfq 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;/sf/sf] wf/0ffn] ubf{ of] ;ftfsf] cGTo lt/dfq cfrf/;+lxtf hf/L x'g] nIf0f 5 .

dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yf Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfox?sf] ;'emfj / ;Nnfx ;d]6]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] cfrf/;+lxtf clGtd :jLs[ltsf nflu b'j} kIfn] cgf}krfl/s ;xdlt hgfO;s]sf 5g\ . k|:tfljt ;+lxtfdf ;/sf/n] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ egL tf]lsPsf s'/fdfM jftf{df ;xefuL x'g] k|ltlglwnufot cGo ;/sf/ kIfsf JolQmx?n] ljrf/ cleJoQm ubf{ zflGt k|lqmofsf] k|lts"n gug]{, jftf{ rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf s;}nfO{ klg cf:yfsf cfwf/df lu/km\tf/ ug{ gx'g], zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;ef ;Dd]ng ug]{ nufot cGo ;+j}wflgs df}lns clwsf/sf] pkof]u ug{ afwf Jojwfg v8f ug{ gx'g], lj:yflkt hgtfsf] nut tof/ kfg]{ /

cfkm\gf] 3/ kms{g] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{, /fhgLlts aGbLx?sf] gfdfjnL ;fj{hlgs ul/g'kg]{ tyf cf:yfsf aGbLx?nfO{ l/xf ug'{kg]{, em'§f d'2fx? vf/]h u/L lgbf]{ifnfO{ cljnDa l/xf ug'{kg]{, zflGt k|lqmofdf jftf{sf] nflu uDeL/tfk"j{s ;/sf/L kIfsf] cflwsfl/s k|ltlglw oyfzSo rfF8f] ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{, zflGt jftf{sf] r/0fdf åGå kLl8tx?sf] k'g:yf{kgf / p4f/sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ h:tf s'/f 5g\ . To:t}, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ egL to ul/Psf s'/fx?df /fi6«sf s'g} klg lgsfo tyf ef}lts ;+/rgfx?nfO{ Iflt k'Ug] sfo{ ug{ gx'g], s'g} klg axfgfdf s;}nfO{ klg xTof tyf ckx/0f ug{ gx'g] / s;}nfO{ klg cft+lst tyf eou|:t t'Nofpg gx'g], ckxl/t of sAhfdf lnOPsf ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx?nfO{ cljnDa d'Qm ug'{kg]{, hf]/–hj/h:tL u/L lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx?nfO{ cft+lst tyf eou|:t t'Nofpg gx'g] tyf z}lIfs jftfj/0f vNaNofpg gx'g], afn ;}Go cljnDa lj36g u/L etL{ ePsf lszf]/–lszf]/Lx?nfO{ d'Qm ul/g'kg]{, k|:t't cfrf/;+lxtf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf ;a} txsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?åf/f kfngf ug{ u/fpgsf lglDt kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo txaf6} ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L ul/g'kg]{, cf:yfsf] cfwf/df /fhgLlts bnsf ultljlwx? pk/ s'g} aGb]h nufpg] of ha/h:tL eo l;h{gf ug{ gx'g], gful/s ;dfhsf] s'g} klg lqmofsnfknfO{ 8/, qf;sf cfwf/df s'g} aGb]h nufpg gx'g], zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cfFr cfpg] u/L s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs lqmofsnfk gug{], cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, k;n, lghL lgjf; jf JolQm sxL+ st}af6 klg ha/h:tL rGbf ;+sng ug{ gx'g] h:tf s'/f 5g\ .

cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;Gbe{df lxhf] /fhwfgLsf h]nx?df /x]sf dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg cf–cfkm\gf] ;'emfj k7fPsf 5g\ . To;dWo] s]xL a"Fbf 5'§f5'§} 5g\ eg] s]xL ;j{;Ddt 5g\ . o; k|s/0fdf gVv' h]ndf /x]sf dfcf]jfbL g]tf jfdb]j If]qLsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lyof] . h]nsf] ;'emfj 8f=jL/]Gb| emfkfnLn] ;+sng u/]/ dfcf]jfbL g]tf / ;/sf/nfO{ k7fpg' ePsf] 5 . cfrf/;+lxtf / o'4lj/fdsf tL k|:tfj lgSs} pkof]uL / Jofjxfl/s b]lvG5g\ .

;xdlt vf]h

xl/x/ lj/xL

g]tfx?sf s'/f gful/sx?n] Ps sfgn] ;'g]/ csf]{ sfgn] p8fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf s'/f emg\emg\ c:ki6 / /x:odo x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . oxfF;Dd ls /fhfsf ;Gb]z, lgb]{zg / k|ltj4tf;d]t j]jfl/;]h:tf ePsf 5g\ . hgtf, k|hftGq / /fi6«elQmnfO{ pRr dxTj lb+b} cfPsf pgLx?sf efif0f, jQmJo / ;Gb]zx? ;'Ggf;fy dfG5] l6Kk0fL ub{5g\M d'vn] eg]/ dfq s] ug]{, sfd / Jojxf/ klg To:t} eP kf] ÛÛÛ

o'4lj/fd ckl/xfo{ lyof] . o;nfO{ cem nDAofpg' dfcf]jfbLsf nflu cfTd3ftL x'g] lyof] / dfcf]jfbLx? xltof/ lj;fO{ zflGtsf nflu tof/ x'Fbf klg /fHon] ;z:q ‘ck|]zg’ / ‘;k|]zg’ hf/L /fVg' plrt x'g] lyPg . h] eof], /fd|} eof] . t/ ca s] xf]nf < o;kN6 klg jftf{ 6'6\nf / dfcf]jfbLx? km]l/ h+un k:nfg\ eGg] sNkgf gu/f}+ . kl/0ffd h] eP klg pgLx?n] ca zflGtk"0f{ / j}wflgs af6f]af6} uGtJodf cufl8 a9\g] ;+sNk u/]sf] cg'e"lt x'Fb}5 . /fHon] cfwf/e"t s'/fdf s'g} klg d"Nodf ;+emf}tf ug]{ 5}g eGg] pgLx?n] a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . Tof] a'em]/ g} pgLx?n] clxn] xltof/ la;fPsf x'g\— x[bo kl/jt{g eP/, lx+;fk|lt ljt[i0ff hfu]/ cjZo xf]Og . o'4lj/fdkZrft pgLx?af6 bafasf] ?kdf kmf§km'§ cfO/x]sf wDsL / 3'sL{n] klg oxL ;+s]t ub{5 . o'4lj/fd ugf{;fy /fhf, /fhgLlts bn / gful/s ;dfhn] pgLx?nfO{ /ftf] sfk]{6 cf]5\ofO{ km"ndfnf a;f{P/ hohosf/ ub}{ :jfut ug]{5g\ eGg] cfzf dfcf]jfbLx?n] u/]sf lyP eg] Tof] pgLx?sf] bLjf:jKg g} lyof] . kl/l:yltjz /fHosf] sfo{sf/L lhDd]jf/L /fhfsf] sfFwdf gcfPsf] eP ;DejtM b/af/n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ‘;'/lIft cjt/0f’sf] of] cj;/ klg lbg] lyPg . o;sf nflu pgLx?n] /fhfnfO{ hgtfaLr k|:t't ug]{ b/af/sf] rfxgf— lj/f6gu/sf] clegGbgnfO{ c? ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqjfbL bnx?n] ;d]t alxisf/ u/]sf] a]nf leqleq} to:;xof]u u/L sfo{qmd ;kmn t'NofOlbPsf lyP . dfcf]jfbLx?n] b/af/nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg / /fhfnfO{ l/emfpg c?x?n] ck]Iff ljk/Lt To;/L cfkm\gf] 3f]lift sfo{qmd æd]rL sf]zL aGbÆnfO{ cfkm}+n] c;kmn kf/]kl5 pgLx?sf] cfF6 / c8fgsf] kf]n ;fj{hgls ?kdf v'n]sf] lyof] . To;kl5, pgLx?nfO{ eljiodf emg\ v'nf ?kdf pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] ljZjf; b/afl/ofx?df a9\g' :jfefljs lyof] . To;}n] t'?Gt} /fi6«jfbk|ltsf] pgLx?sf] df]xnfO{ ehfpg ‘jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;lsg] / b]zelQm g} ldngljGb' x'g ;Sg]’ jrg lbOof] . lg/Gt/sf] Ifltkl5 of] o'4lj/fd;Dd cfOk'Ug dfcf]jfbLx?n] cg]s k|sf/sf hl6n clUgk/LIffaf6 u'lh|g' k/]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . lgM;Gb]x d'n'ssf nflu tTsfn lglDt of] o'4lj/fd dfq klg 7"nf] pknlAw xf] . o;n] /fhf, dfcf]jfbL / cGo /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ klg nfe g} k'¥ofPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] lgsf; jftf{af6} vf]Hg /fhgLlts bnx?n] /fHonfO{ lg/Gt/ bafa lbOcfPsf lyP . dfcf]jfbLx? / dfcf]jfbLaLr tL bnx?aLr ;Dks{ a9\b} lyof] . To;a]nf x7ft ;fj{hlgs ePsf] of] o'4lj/fdn] pAhfPsf sltko k|Zg cem cg'Ql/t 5g\ . /fhf :jo+n] z+sf–pkz+sf gug{ cfu|x u/] klg dfG5]sf] dgsf] z+sf cem} d]l6Psf] 5}g . ax'bnLo k|hftGqk|lt /fhfsf] k|ltj4tfdf z+sf gug{ ;lsPnf, t/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] of] k4ltk|lt k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]sf] v} < ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] hlt klg k|ltj4tf cfPsf] 5}g . pgLx?n] clxn] aGb's la;fPsf dfq 5g\ / pgLx? cfufdL jftf{nfO{ o'4s} csf]{ ?k elg/x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] of] o'4 ;Qfdf ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu dfq cjZo u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . To;sf] nflu oqf] o'4 / cfx'ltsf] cfjZos lyPg . pgLx? o'4 /fhtGq / ;+;bLo k4lt g} df:g] Wo]on]

k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . h'g l;4fGt / bz{gaf6 k|]l/t eP/ pgLx?n] ‘hgo'4’sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP, Tof] l;4fGt / bz{gn] /fhtGq / ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{g . clxn] k|r08 / 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{n] æhdLgsf] oyfy{Æ jf æljlzi6 e"/fhgLlts l:yltÆ :jLsfg]{ jrg lbP tfklg pgLx?n] cfh ljZjJofkL ?kdf k|rlnt ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf dfGotfnfO{ g} cg'z/0f ug]{ s'/f :ki6 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?n] of] yf]kg{ vf]h]sf] æhgjfbL u0ftGqÆ;lxtsf] Joj:yf ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf cg'bf/, ck|hftflGqs / bdgsf/L k4ltsf] gd"gf xf] . /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts x/]s :jtGqtf u'dfpg' kg]{ Tof] slyt ‘j}1flgs’ Joj:yf cflv/ ‘o'/f]kLo’ ;fljt eP/ s}of}+ b]znfO{ hh{/ / gi6 t'NofP/ ljZjaf6} nf]k x'g nfu]sf] 5 . cGtdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg tL b]zsf hgtfnfO{ ul/aL, k5f}6]kg, zf]if0f / bf;tfaf6 d'lQmsf] dL7f] ;kgf b]vfPsf lyP . t/ ;Qf / zlQm kfpgf;fy tL b]zsf dfcf]jfbLx?n] k|bz{g u/]sf] qm"/tf ljZj Oltxf;df sfnf] cIf/df n]lvPsf 5g\ . :6flngn] ;fDojfbL dfGotf nfu" ug]{ qmddf o'qm]gdf hdLgsf] /fli6«os/0f ubf{ pTkGg kl/0ffd cfh klg ToxfF pb]sk"0f{ / lgGbfsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . cfhsf k':tfn] To;nfO{ ‘g/;+xf/’ 7x/ u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ rLgsf] xfnsf] Joj:yf / ;/sf/n] lbP hlt klg :jtGqtf lbg tof/ 5}gg\ . rLgn] xfn ckgfPsf] pbf/jfb ;fDojfbL dfGotf, lrlgofF hgtfsf] lxt / dfcf]sf] gLlt ljk/Lt 5 eGg] pgLx?sf] wf/0ff 5, hals rLg cem pbf/ lbzfdf cl3 a9\b}5 . ca ToxfF k'FhLjfbLx?nfO{ klg cfkm\gf] kf6L{df ;Ddfgk"0f{ :yfg lbg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 eg] xfn} ;DkGg :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf u}/—sDo'lg:6x? klg pNn]vgLo :yfgdf ljhoL ePsf 5g\ . o;/L cfh k|hftflGqs k4lt g} ljZj /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/f ag]sf] 5 . k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] :j?k leGgleGg x'g;S5, t/ cfwf/ jf cfTdf Pp6} x'G5 . dfcf]jfbLx? Tof] :jLsfg{ tof/ eP gePsf] :ki6 5}g . @)$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx?sf] /Iff ug]{ s'/f pgLx?n] cj;/sf] pkof]u ug{sf nflu u/]sf x'g\ ls of] pknlAwnfO{ k|hftGqsf] ljsf;df k|of]u ug{ rfxG5g\ eGg] klg c:ki6 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] clxn];Dd k|:t't u/]sf ?k/]vf / cfkm\gf] k|efj ePsf] 7fpFdf nfu" u/]sf] gLlt g} eljiodf clVtof/ ug]{ x'g\ eg] o'4lj/fd ub}{df pgLx?n] s;}sf] klg ;xfg'e"lt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] of] c:ki6tfn] ubf{ g} b/af/sf] ;xof]udf ePsf] of] o'4lj/fdk|lt k|Zg p7]sf] xf] . t/ kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df cfkm\gf ;}4flGts / gLltut wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ cl3 dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] df+u lsg ul/Psf] xf] eGg] oyfy{nfO{ pbf+u kfg'{ kb{5 . /fhg}lts ;'wf/ / ljsf;åf/f hgzlQmnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{ arg glbO{ kmut pgLx?sf] OHht arfO{ lbg ‘;+ljwfg;ef’sf] dfFunfO{ cGo bn / gful/s ;dfh tof/ x'g ufx|f] 5 . of] o'4lj/fd g} o'4sf] cGTo xf]Og . of] o'4lj/fdnfO{ sf] cf8 lnP/ a}rfl/s–o'4nfO{ klg ;sf/fTds Pj+ hgefjgf / /fi6«sf] cfjZostf cg'?k Pp6f 6'+uf]df k'¥ofP dfq zflGtn] :yfloTj kfpg / k|hftGqsf] eljiok|lt ;'lglZrt x'g ;lsG5 . of] k|l/k|]Iodf k|d'v g]tfx? cy{xLg efif0fdf ;Lldt g/xL oyfy{sf] w/ftn 6]s]/ /fli6«o Pstf / ;xdlt vf]Hg lqmofzLn x'g' cfhsf] klxnf] cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 .

Pdfn]df e";sf] cfuf], d}gfnL bl08t

;+u7gnfO{ emg\ dhj't / Pstfj4 kf/]sf] bfaLsf ;fy ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zg ;DkGg u/L hgsk'/af6 /fhwfgL kmls{Psf Pdfn]sf g]tfx?aLr zlQm xTofpg] ;Gbe{df km]l/ c;Gtf]if, u'6aGbL / kbsf] n'5fr'l8 ;'? ePsf] 5 . o;n] kf6L{leq e";sf] cfuf] ;lNsPsf]] 5 . dxflwj]zgkl5 bf];|f] k6s a;]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7s / To;df 5flgPsf :yfoL ;ldltsf] :j?k / nfvfkfvf kfl/Psfx?aLr w'|jLs/0f a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . oBlk k'gu{l7t :yfoL ;ldltdf s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf lgjt{dfg ePsf ;a} k/]sf 5g\ . lgjt{dfg eP/ gylkg]df Ps hgf dfq x'g'x'G5– /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL . Pdfn]sf] ;jf]{Rr lgsfosf] of] kbdf pxfF cfkm}n] 5f]8] afx]s :yfoL ;ldltdf gfpF gk/]sf] of] klxnf] k6s xf] . ;"q cg';f/, dfn]af6 Pdfn]df uPsfx?n] d}gfnLnfO{ gx6fpg lgs} s;/t u/]sf lyP . t/ cl:t d+unaf/ a;]sf] o;sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7s, h;df :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:osf] gfpF k|:tfljt eof] / lgo'lQm ul/of], Tof] lbgsf] dxf;lrjsf] k|:tfjdf g} pxfFsf] gfpF lyPg . cfkm"n] w]/} k|of; ubf{ klg d}gfnLsf] gfpF 5'6fOPsf]df jfdb]j uf}td / ;xfgf k|wfg ?i6 x'g'x'G5 . t/ pxfFx? oltv]/ Pdfn]df s'g} lg0ff{os dxTj /fVg]df kg'{x'Gg . t/ of] v]dfn] s]xL klxn] kf6L{ PsLs[t x'Fbf ePsf] ;dembf/Lsf] of] 7f8} pNn+3g xf] egL l6Kk0fL ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgdf 5flgPsf ;b:odWo] Tof] a]nf d}gfnL !* cf}+ :yfgdf x'g'x'GYof] .

Pdfn]n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] !% ;b:oLo :yfoL ;ldltdf d}gfnL ;+of]ujz 5'6\g' ePsf] xf]Og . pxfFnfO{ dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] bl08t g} ug'{ePsf] xf] . g]kfn kIfsf] j[Qdf d}gfnL nfdf] ;dob]lv cfnf]rgfsf] kfq aGb} cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;leq pxfFsf sltko ljrf/, Jojxf/ / e"ldsfnfO{ klxn]b]lvg} z+sfsf] b[li6n] x]l/GYof] . pxfFnfO{ ;w}+ kb / ;'ljwfsf] nflu dl/d]6\g] g]tf 7flgG5 . o;aLr klxn] dGqL aGbf, k|ltlglw;efsf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltdf a:bf / dGqL x'Fbf u/]sf sltko lg0f{odf pxfFn] kf6L{sf] e"ldsfnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ vf]Hg'ePsf] cf/f]k d}gfnL dfly nfUb} cfPsf] lyof] . pxfFk|ltsf] c;Gtf]if kf6L{leq To;a]nf lgs} rls{of] . hj pxfFn] 7fpF7fpFdf c;f]h !* sf] /fhfsf] sbdsf] cf}lrTo ;fljt ug]{ k|oTg ug'{ePsf] kfOof] . pxfFn] d+l;/ !# ut] ljdz{df JoQm ug'{ePsf ljrf/k|lt kf6L{ g]t[Tjn] ToxLa]nf :ki6Ls/0f dfu]sf] lyof] . x]Ssf /xf];\ ljdz{df k|sflzt pQm ;fdu|Ldf g]tf d}gfnLn] eGg'ePsf] lyof]– æ/fhfsf] e"ldsf clxn];Dd ;+j}wflgs xf] . bnx?n] cfkm\gf] uNtL klxNofP/ >L % ;Fu ;xsfo{sf;fy cl3 a9\g' k5{ . c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbdnfO{ /fd|f] eGg ldNb}g t/ To; 36gfnfO{ jfWofTds ?kdf lng'k5{ . lsgeg] /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] !@ jif{;Dd h:tf] zf;g k4lt :yfkgf ug{ vf]h] To;n] d'n'ssf] lxt u/]g . /fhfn] clxn] klg d ;+j}wflgs /fhf x'G5' egL aS;]s} 5 . t/ kf6L{x?n] cfkm\gf] uNtL ;sf/]/ /fhf;+u ;xsfo{ ug{ ;s]gg\ .Æ of] a]nf;Dd Pdfn]n] c;f]h !* sf] sbdnfO{ u}/;Da}wflgs egL cf}krfl/s txd} atfO/x]sf] lyof] . clxn];Dd klg Pdfn]sf] k|d'v dfu /fhfn] Tof] sbd ;Rofpg' kg]{ d} cl8u 5 . kf6L{n] dfu] klg pxfFn] pQm ljrf/sf] s'g} k|i6Ls/0f lbg'ePg . kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;Rofpg' klg ePg . arg lbP/ klg pxfFn] v08g gug'{ ePsf] kf6L{ pRr;"qsf] egfO{ 5 . Ps hfgsf/ ;"q eG5– ;'?df pxfFn] df}lvs ?kdf klqsfnfO{ bf]if lbg' ePsf] lyof] . t/ xfdLn] a'em\bf / pxfFn] v08g gu/]sf] b]Vbf d}gfnLnfO{ bf]ifL 7flgof]  lsgeg] To;kl5 klg pxfFn] Pp6f csf]+{ klqsfdf To:t} ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .Æ pxfFsf tL ljrf/nfO{ ;+:yfkg kIfn] kf6L{sf] lg0f{osf] pk]Iff ub}{ b/af/lt/ nfu]sf] lgZsif{ lgsfn]sf] lyof] . To:t} d}gfnL clxn] clVtof/ b'?kof]u lgjf/0f cfof]usf] tfl/vdf /xg' ePsfn] klg kf]ln6Jo'/f]df g/flvPsf] xf] . clVtof/sf] tfl/vdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfg lb+bf e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tf z+sfsf] 3]/fdf kg]{ / kf6L{ g} cfnf]lrt x'g] ePsfn] sfo{stf{x?sf] bafadf o;f] ul/Psf] Pdfn]sf] pRr;"qn] atfPsf] 5 .

o; ;Gbe{df g]tf /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL eGg'x'G5– ædk|lt s]xL ;fyLx?sf] gsf/fTds efjgf b]v]kl5 ædnfO{ /fVg] OR5f geP g/fv] x'G5, d s'g} bafa lbGg / tkfO{+x?sf] OR5f ljk/Lt d s'g} kbdf a:g rfxGg egL pxfFx?nfO{ OR5f cg';f/ ug]{ 9f]sf vf]lnlbPsf] lyPF .Æ

Pdfn]n] :yfoL ;ldlt lgo'Qmsf ;fy} ljefux?sf] x]/km]/ ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . gofF ;ldltdf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, e/tdf]xg clwsf/L, s]=kL=zdf{ cf]nL, jfdb]j uf}td, ;xfgf k|wfg, emngfy vgfn, O{Zj/ kf]v|]n, k|bLk g]kfn, s]zj a8fn, o'j/fh 1jfnL, d's'Gb Gof}kfg], df]bgfy k|l>t x'g'x'G5 . j}slNks ;b:odf czf]s /fO{ / lji0f' kf}8]n 5flgg'ePsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno lhDd]jf/L dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, ;lrj cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, ;b:ox?–O{Zj/ kf]v/]n, k|bLk g]kfn, o'j/fh 1jfnL, o'j/fh sfsL{ / /3'hL kGt . oxL a}7sn] s0ff{nL c~rn ;dGjo sld6Lsf ;lrj l8NnLaxfb'/ dxtnfO{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] j}slNks ;b:odf dgf]lgt ul/Psf] 5 .

/fhfaf6 z+sf gug{ clkn

b/af/–dfcf]jfbLaLr b'j} u'Kt ;+emf}tf g} o'4lj/fd ul/Psf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] k[i7e"lddf /fli6«o k|HfftGq lbj;sf] cj;/df >L % af6 ;a}nfO{ z+sf, pkz+sf / cf/f]k, k|Tof/f]k gug{ tyf ;dembf/L / ;xcl:tTj sfod u/L cufl8 a9\g clkn ul/aS;]sf] 5 . df};"kmaf6 o; ;Gb]zdfkm{t\ klg ax'bnLo Joj:yfk|lt cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tf bf]xf]¥ofOaS;]sf] 5 . /fli6«o k|hftGq lbj;sf] k'lgt kj{df df};"kmaf6 b]zjf;Lsf gfpFdf aS;]sf] ;Gb]zdf elgPsf] 5—

cfh xfdL %# cf}F /fli6«o k|hftGq lbj; dgfpg nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . o; P]ltxfl;s lbgdf k|hftGqsf k|jt{s k"Ho lhHo' a'afHo' >L % lqe'jg tyf k|hftGqsf nflu cfkm\gf] hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ jL/ zxLbx¿k|lt >4f~hln JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}F .

;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'ssf] ;jf{·L0f ljsf; ug]{ hgrfxgfcg'¿k g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg–@)$& nfu" ePsf] ;j{ljlbt} 5 . hgtfn] k|hftGqsf] kmnsf] k|ToIf cg'e"lt ug{ kfP dfq k|hftGq km'N5, km:6fpF5 . To;}n] Pscfk;df z+sf–pkz+sf / cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k gu/L z'4 g}lts cfr/0f, Odfgbf/Lk"0f{ k|of;x¿åf/f k|hftGqnfO{ ;fy{stf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df xfdL ;a} lgi7fk"j{s ;d]l6g'k/]sf] 5 . ‘d’ eGg] efjgfnfO{ TofuL ‘xfd’ eGg] efjgf lnO{ /fi6«elQmdf ;dlk{t x'g' g} k|hftGqsf] ;/n cEof; xf] .

zflGt, d]nldnfk / l:y/tfaf6 dfq g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxt x'g] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 . xfdLn] ;bf lognfO{ g} ;jf]{kl/ dxTj lbOcfPsf 5f}F . b]zdf s]xL ;dootf JofKt lx+;f / ljWj+;sf >[+vnfnfO{ /f]sL jftf{sf dfWodaf6 :yfoL zflGt sfod ug]{ g]kfnLsf] rfxgfcg'¿k cfzfk"0f{ k|of; ;'? ePsf] 5 . zflGt xfd|f] cfjZostf xf], ax'bnLo k|hftGq xfd|f] k|lta4tf xf], b]zelQm g} xfd|f] cfwf/ xf] / g]kfnLnfO{ ;'vL agfpg] ;+sNk g} xfd|f] /fhgLltsf] wd{ xf] . t;y{, ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿, gful/s ;dfh / ;Dk"0f{ b]zjf;Lx¿n] cfk;df ;dembf/L / ;xcl:tTj sfod u/]/ zfGt tyf ;d'Ggt gj–g]kfnsf] l;h{gf ug{ ;dlk{t x'g'k/]sf] 5 . cfhsf] o; lbgn] ;a} g]kfnLnfO{ o; lbzftkm{ pGd'v x'g k|]/0ff b]cf];\— oxL xfd|f] sfdgf 5 .

/fk|kfn] OHht hf]ufof]

dfcf]jfbLl;t jftf{sf] ;Gbe{df /fHokIfsf] /0fgLlt to ug]{ p2]Zon] k|wfgdGqLn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;j{bnLo a}7s ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?n] alx:sf/ ugf{n] c;kmn eof] . Tof] a}7ssf] kl/0ffd o:t} x'g] klxn] g} lglZrt lyof] . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbnfO{ k|=d= agfpg] s'/fdf g]sf / Pdfn];lxt ;a} k|d'v bnx?n] ;xdlt g} hgfPsf] eP tfklg To;kl5sf 36gfqmdn] ubf{ /fhgLlts bnx? of] ;/sf/nfO{ c;+j}wflgs eGb} o;n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx? alxisf/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . oxL sf/0fn] k|wfgdGqL rGb w]/} ;docl3 g} ;j{bnLo a}7ssf] kIfdf eP klg cfof]hgfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg' ePsf] lyPg . pxfFn] nfdf] k|of; ubf{ klg c? kf6L{x?l;t ;Nnfx u/]/ ;fd"lxs 5nkmn u/]/ dfq lg0f{o ug]{ eGb} a}7sdf ;fd]n gx'g] atfO;s]sf lyP . kf6L{x? k|wfgdGqL rGbeGbf b/af/k|lt cfqmf]lzt b]lvG5g\ . b/af/sf] l/; k|wfgdGqL rGb dfly kf]lv/x]sf 5g\ . of] kl/l:yltsf] hfgsf/L b/af/nfO{ gePsf] xf]Og . t/ jftf{ k|;+udf c? kf6L{x?sf] cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf] xf] eg] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ :jo+ u|x0f ul/aS;]sf] >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 ;a} k|d'v g]tfx?nfO{ cfdlGqt u/]/ /fo lng' a9L plrt / cy{k"0f{ x'g] lyof] . /fhfsf] lgDtf ;fd"lxs ?kdf lgDtf u/]df ;a} bn 5nkmn ug{ tof/ 5g\ . /fhfaf6 oxL ;Gbe{ kf/]/ pgLx?nfO{ cfdlGqt ul/Psf] eP b/af/ / /fhgLlts bnx? aLrsf] b'/L 36\g] ;Defjgf klg lyof] . k|wfgdGqL rGbn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] / ;+;b\leqsf ;a} bnn] alxisf/ ug]{ ePsfn] :jo+ k|wfgdGqLs} kf6L{n] ;d]t pxfFnfO{ ;fy lbg ;s]gg\ . b/af/jfbL elgP klg /fk|kfsf cWoIf kz'kltzdz]/ /f0ffn] clxn] ;/sf/eGbf hgtfsf] kIfdf pleg' k5{ eGg] c8fg lnO{ ;j{bnLo a}7sdf ;xefuL gx'g] lg0f{o ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/ k|lt lgs6tf b]vfPsf] cf/f]kdf pQm kf6L{nfO{ jfdkGyL g]tfx?n] ;j{bnLo a}7sdf lgDtf ug{ 5f]l8;s]sf lyP . ;+;b\leqsf ^ bnsf a}7sx?dWo] @ j6f a}7s -clds z]/rg / gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]åf/f cfof]lht_df /fk|kfnfO{ ‘k|ltufdL’ egL lgDtf g} k7fOPg . o;n] ubf{ hgtfaLr /fk|kfsf] k|lti7fdf 7"nf] cfwft k'u]sf] dx;'; u/L g]tfx?n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{ k|ltufdL gePsf] Pj+ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq hgtfsf clwsf/sf nflu h:tf];'s} d"No r'sfpg klg tof/ x'g] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub}{ cfkm\gf] lgot dfly z+sf u/L a}7saf6 cnu /fVg' cGofo xf] eGg] ljrf/ JoQm u/L cfPsf lyP . To;}n] ca g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cfof]hgf x'g] ;j{bnLo a}7sdf /fk|kfnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ to e};s]sf] 5 . of] l:yltdf /fk|kf Tof] a}7sdf ;fd]n ePsf] eP cGo /fhgLlts bnsf] b[li6df ;bfsf] nflu cljZj;gLo 7xl/g ;SYof] . kz'kltzdz]/n] k"j{ cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] k/fdz{df s7f]/ lg0f{o u/]/ kf6L{sf] OHht hf]ufO lbP . /fk|kfsf] pQm lg0f{o ck|Toflzt g} lyof] . To;}n] ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;f] a}7sdf /fk|kf cWoIf /f0ff ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] em'7f] ;dfrf/ k|;fl/t ubf{ klg s]xL ;do w]/}n] kTofPsf lyP . t/ pQm e'm7f] ;dfrf/ k|;fl/t x'gf;fy /fk|kfn] ;f] ;dfrf/sf] v08g ub}{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] ;j{bnLo a}7s alxisf/ u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff;d]t u¥of] . o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ kl/l:yltdf k|wfgdGqLsf] lhDd]jf/L kfP/ klg rGbn] c? kf6L{sf] ;dy{g xfl;n ug{ tyf cfkm\g} kf6L{nfO{ ;'b[9 kfg{ Pj+ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;Ddflgt :yfg lbnfpg g;s]sf]df kf6L{leq rGbsf] Jofks cfnf]rgf e}/x]sf] 5 . sfo{stf{x?n] k|ds} pkl:yltdf pxfFsf] Jofks cfnf]rgf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] egfO 5— xfdLn] ;d]t cfkm\gf] g]tf k|d ePsf] cg'ej ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf}+ eg] hgtfn] of] ;/sf/nfO{ s;/L ;fy lbg] k|wfgdGqLn] kf6L{sf] lxt / sfo{stf{sf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;Sg' ePg .

t/ xfn} ;DkGg kf6L{sf] r'gfjdf /f0ffsf] lj?4 k|TofzL aGg' ePsf 8f=k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL / sdn yfkfn] kf6L{sf] pQm lg0f{ok|lt lj/f]w hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .

– Clif wdnf

klxn] /fhf / bnx?aLr ;dembf/L aGg'k5{

k|f=w'|as'df/

o'4lj/fdnfO{ h'g ‘6ld{of]nf]hL’ k|of]u ug'{kb{Yof], To;sf] b'?kof]u ePsf] b]lvG5 . lsgeg] g]kfndf u[xo'4 ePsf] 5 eg]/ ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL b'a} tkm{af6 :jLsfl/Psf] 5}g . ;+3if{/t b'a}kIfaf6 g]kfn u[xo'4df km;]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f g} elgPsf] 5}g eg] o'4lj/fdsf] s'/f g} sxfFaf6 cfpF5 < t/ 6ld{of]nf]lhsn ljjfbdf ghfg] xf] eg] ;ft jif{ cl3b]lv rfn" ;+3if{ :yug ePsf] 5 . o;sf] :yfloTj rflx+ ePsf] 5}g . of] ;+3if{lj/fd ;Demf}tf jf jfWotf s'g sf/0fn] ul/Psf] xf] ;xh} eGg] l:ylt 5}g . t/ clxn] xTof / lx+;fsf] 36gfx? ePsf] 5}|g . ;+3if{lj/fdsf] cjlwleq jftf{sf] s'/f lg:s]sf] 5 . /fhfåf/f lgo'Qm u/]sf] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr jftf{sf] rrf{ rn]sf] 5 . jftf{nfO{ d"t{?kdf cl3 a9fpg] / To;af6 7f]; pknlAw xfl;n ug]{ s'/f t 5Fb}5, To;sf] lglDt låkIfLo ;dembf/L dfq eP/ k'Ub}g . jftf{nfO{ d"t{tf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu b'a} ;+3if{/t kIfaLr k/:k/sf] ljZj;gLotf sfod x'g'kg]{ clxn]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cfjZostf xf] t/ ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaf6 df3 !% ut] otf cfh;Dd b'a} kIf jftf{sf] nflu k|oTg/t /xFbf/xFb} klg jftf{sf] 6]jndf k'Ugsf] nflu s] s'/fn] /f]s]sf] 5 < a'em\g ;lsPsf] 5}g .

xTof, lx+;fnfO{ /f]s]/ /fi6«df zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ / clxn]sf] Joj:yfnfO{ :yfloTj k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 ;/sf/ jftf{lt/ cu|;/ eO/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] 7Ls pN6f] dfcf]jfbL kIf cfkm\gf] k|d'v tLgj6f d'2f cl3 ;f/]/ jftf{df cfPsf] 5 . tL a'Fbfdf jftf{sf] 6]jndf lj:t[t 5nkmn xf]nf . dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg;ef, uf]nd]r a}7s / cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] dfu /fv]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu w]/} 6f9fsf] s'/f xf], cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g ug]{ a]nfdf g} of] ;/sf/sf] p2]Zo kl/k"lt{ x'Fb}g . of] ;/sf/sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] oxL ;/sf/åf/f jftf{nfO{ cu|tf k|bfg ug]{ / ;/sf/sf] :yfloTj lbg] eGg] 5, h'g p2]Zo cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] dfun] ubf{ k"/f x'Fb}g . To:t}, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg k|wfgdGqLn] cfx\jfg u/]sf] ;j{bnLo j}7sdf j}wflgstf k|bfg ul/Psf] /fhgLlts bnsf s'g} klg JolQmn] ;xeflutf hgfPgg\ . k|wfgdGqLsf] cfkm\gf] kf6L{ /fk|kfaf6 klg To;df efu lnOPg . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] ;/sf/sf] a}wflgstfdf j}wflgs /fhgLlts kf6L{x?af6 k|Zg lrGx p7]sf] a]nfdf To:tf] ;/sf/af6 /fli6«o :yfloTjsf] lglDt jftf{af6 6'+lug] ;d:ofdf rflng] sbdsf] /fhgLlts bn / hgdfg;af6 slt ?rfOPnf < ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] j}wflgstf sfod ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf lx+;fTds ultljlwaf6 cl3 a9]/ cfPsf] cfGbf]ngsf g]tfx?;Fu;Fu} a;]/ jftf{af6 lgsflng] lgisif{nfO{ j}wflgs dfGotf k|fKt /fhgLlts bnx?n] dfq xf]Og hgtfn] klg s;/L u|x0f unf{g\ eGg] cGof}n 5 .

/fhf / dfcf]jfbLkIfaLr dfq jftf{ x'g] s'/fsf] 6'+uf] nfu]sf] eGg] s'/f klg :ki6 5}g . jftf{sf] k|oTg sxfFaf6 yflnPsf] 5 < s;af6 ePsf] 5 < sf] k|ToIf ;Dks{df 5 < eGg] s'/fsf] oyfy{ s'/f ef]ln aflx/ cfpF5 eGg] s'/fdf klg k|ZglrGx v8f 5 . @)$^ ;fnkl5 / /fhfsf] cl:tsf] ;Daf]wgdf klg k|hftGqk|lt k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ul/Psf] 5 . c;f]h !* ut]b]lv clxn];Dd /fhfaf6 k|hftGqk|lt Ps} lsl;dsf] k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ePsf] xfdLn] ;'g]sf 5f}+ . t/ To;sf] k|of]ufTds d"No slt x'G5 < Jojxf/df To;nfO{ ptfg]{ k|oTg ePsf] b]lv+b}g . hgtf Pj+ gful/s ;dfhaf6 p7]sf] s'/f s] xf] eg] /fhfaf6 /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf;Fu ;fd"lxs ?kaf6 jf PSnfPSn} e]63f6 jf s'g} klg lsl;daf6 Pp6f lg0ff{os ljGb'df k'u]/ ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7g ug'{k5{ eGg] /x]sf] 5 . lxhf] ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf] cGtl/d ;/sf/ jgfP/ dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug]{ jf s'g} lglZrt ;Demf}tf jf clxn] ePsf] ;+3if{lj/fdnfO{ sfod u/]/ k|fylds ?kdf ug'{kg]{ b'O{j6f d'Vo sfd ug'{ kb{Yof] . h;dWo] klxnf] xf]– :yfgLo lgjf{rg / bf];|f], cfdlgjf{rg . oL b'O{j6f s'/fnfO{ 6'+uf]df k'¥ofP/ To;af6 hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;/sf/af6 clt ;+j]bgzLn s'/fx? -;+ljwfg;ef, /fhtGqsf] af/]df_ df jftf{åf/f g} lgisif{ / lg0f{odf k'Ug ;S5f}+ eGg] clxn] ;dembf/L sfod ug{ ;lsof] eg] sfnfGt/df jftf{ kmnbfoL x'G5 ls eGg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ clxn]sf] cj:yfaf6 g} cl3 a9\g] xf] eg] jftf{af6 vf;} 7"nf] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsGg . lsgeg] jftf{sf] o; k|]mdjs{leq /fhgLlts bnx? k/]sf] h:tf] b]lvGg . pgLx? jftf{sf] k|]mdjs{af6 pl5l§P/ jflx/ k/]sf 5g\ . clxn] bnx?sf] h]–h:tf] cj:yf eP klg hgk|ltlglwTjnfO{ cl3 a9fP/ n}hfg] /fhgLlts kf6L{x? g} x'g\, h'g k|hftflGqs Joj:yfdf ckl/xfo{ 5 .

Og:;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] jftf{ lgjGwsf/ z+s/ nfld5fg]sf] k|l;4 lgjGw ‘PA:6«\ofs lrGtgM Kofh’ sf] :j?kdf clxn] jftf{ u5'{ eGg] s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ jftf{ x'G5 ls x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ dflg;x? kTofpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . lsgeg] jftf{sf] ljifonfO+{ h;/L cufl8 a9fP/ n}hfg' kg]{ xf] To;/L n}hfg ;s]sf] kfO{+b}g . clxn] dfgjclwsf/jfbLb]lv lnP/ gful/s ;dfh dWo:ystf{n] ;d]t jftf{sf] nflu Pp6f k|m]djs{ tof/ kfg]{, To;sf] cg'df]bg, lgoGq0f ug{sf] nflu cg'udg 6f]nL u7g ug{ ;d]t cfu|x eO/x]sf] 5 . To:t}, ;/sf/L kIfaf6 jftf{6f]nL u7g ug]{ a]nfdf ;d]t ;}lgs, k|zf;s, tyf k|x/Lsf] k|ltlglw;d]t /fVg' kg]{ cfu|x eO/x]sf] 5 . lsgeg] oL ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L lgsfox? dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng;+u ufFl;Psf 5g\ . / jftf{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;]gf, k|x/L / k|zf;gsf] cg'ej ;+ufNg ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]rsf] cfwf/df o:tf] wf/0ff /flvPsf] xf]nf t/, ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLdf clxn];Dd gf/fo0fl;+x k'g afx]s c? s;}nfO{ tf]lsPsf] b]lv+b}g .

d"n s'/f s] xf] eg] xfdL jftf{ s] sf nflu ub}{5f}+ < ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL b'a} kIfn] zflGt sfod ug]{ / cu|ufdL 5nfª dfg]{ s'/f hf]8tf]8n] p7fPsf 5g\ . o;af6 s]xL ;dosf] nflu ;d:of ;'Nem]/ hfg ;Snf olb ‘lue P08 6]s’ af6 b'a} kIf s]xL s'/fsf] ;Demf}tfdf k'Uof] eg] . t/ k|hftflGqs kf6L{nfO{ o;/L g} lsgf/f nufpFb} nu]/ s'g} klg zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ sfod ug{ sl7g x'G5 . of] lqsf]0ffTds cj:yfdf /fhgLlts bn, dfcf]jfbL / /fhtGq jf ;/sf/ tLglt/ 5g\ . /fhgLlts bnx?sf] cfu|x 5 ls ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq k|hftGqnfO{ cl3 a9fP/ bnx?nfO{ c5"tsf] Jojxf/ ug]{ sfd ;/sf/af6 ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ jftf{df hgtfsf] k|ltlglw jf ;xefuL u/fOg] eGbf klg ;/sf/sf] ;dy{ssf] ?kdf dfq ;/sf/n] k|of]u ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ bnx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] k'R5/ agfpg rfxG5 .

/fhgLlts bn h;sf] k5fl8 hgtf 5g\, /fhf h;nfO{ k/Dk/fut zlQm dflg+b} cfPsf] 5, oL b'O{ zflGtaLr dte]b 5, ljjfb 5 . To;}n] ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{eGbf klxnf] cfjZostf /fhf / /fhgLlts bnaLr clwstd ?kdf ;dembf/L x'g' cfjZos 5 . lsgeg] lqsf]0ffTds ;+3if{sf] r/0fdf /fhgLlts bnx? ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] :yfloTjsf] nflu g} sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ h'g P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld s]nfof] eg] klg b]lvG5 . /, /fhfaf6 kmfu'g & ut] g} klg ‘k|hftGqk|lt k|lta4’ /x]/ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ePsf] 5 . k|hftGqnfO{ xfFSg] /y t /fhgLlts bnx? x'g\ . To;}n] ;j{k|yd t oL b'O{j6f v]dfaLr jftf{ x'g'kg]{ xf] . logLx?aLr jftf{ eP/ Go"gtd\ jf clwstd ;xdlt sfod u/]/ dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ul/of] eg] To;af6 7f]; pknlAw cfpg ;S5 . cGoyf lqsf]0ffTds zflGt ;+3if{ rln/xg] xf] eg] tLgj6} ;d"x sdhf]/ x'G5g\ . /, bnx?;Fusf] ;xdlt ljgf /fhf / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] jftf{af6 dfq /fli6«o Pstf, ;dGjo / :yfloTjsf] h'g p2]Zon] jftf{ ul/G5 Tof] kl/k"lt{ x'Fb}g . lsgeg] To;af6 cnlUuPsf] u'6af6 d'n'sdf lvrnf] x'G5 / Tof] u'6sf] lvrnf] clt g} j}wflgs lsl;daf6 cfpg ;S5 . lsgeg] k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ g} To;sf] d"n p2]Zo x'G5 . k|hftGqsf] ;+3if{df h'g cj:yf ;[hgf x'G5 To;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] u'6 / /fhfjfbLn] y]Ug ;S5g\ eGg] cg'dfg ug'{ g} unt x'G5 .

k|:t'ltM k|sfz lu/L

;dfwfgsf] cfzf af]s]/ kmls{P

:jL6\h/Nof08 ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bn a[l4hLjL / b/af/;d]tnfO{ åGå eg]sf] s] xf] / o;sf] ;dfwfg s;/L ug'{k5{ eGg]af/] dxTjk"0f{ 1fg / hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . To;sf nflu pgLx?nfO{ h]g]ef g} af]nfOPsf] lyof] . pQm uf]i7Ldf g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn], /fk|kf, ;b\efjgf, kf6L{sf k|ltlglwsf cltl/Q b/af/ / dfcf]jfbLsf k|ltlglwn] ;d]t efu lnPsf lyP eg] gful/s ;dfhsf tkm{af6 k|f=s[i0f vgfn, 8f=b]j]Gb|/fh kf08], kqsf/ Zofd >]i7, pBf]uklt kb\d Hof]lt, ko{6g Joj;foL g/]Gb| ah|frfo{, k//fi6« dGqfnosf lgZrngfy kf08], jf/ P;f]l;ozgsf cWoIf l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]n cflb ;xefuL lyP .

jx';f+:s[lts ;dfhdf åGåsf] lgsf; ljifos pQm sfo{qmddf d"ntM :jL6\h/Nof08 / blIf0f clk|msf;lxt ljleGg b]zsf cg'ejx? k|:t't ul/Psf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;DaGwL 5'§} ;qsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm uf]i7Ldf ;xefuL dfcf]jfbLn] s;}nfO{ klg cfkm\gf] kl/ro lbg grfx]sf] t/ pgLx?sf] e"ldsf ;sf/fTds / efjL jftf{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lsl;dsf] /x]sf] ;xefuLx? atfpF5g\ .

;xefuLx? eG5g\— ædfcf]jfbLx? ljb]zLx?sf] pkl:yltdf JoQm u/]sf tL ljrf/x?k|lt sfod /xg] xf] eg] cfufdL jftf{n] ;sf/fTds lgsf; lbg ;Sg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .Æ