k|]d / hLjg

ljrf/ / Jojxf/ b'j} x]/]/ laxf u/]+

;fdfGotofM ljjfx b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . ‘ne Dofl/h’ of ‘P/]~h Dofl/h .’ t/ pxfFn] r}+ oL b'a}eGbf a]Un} tl/sfn] ljjfx ug'{eof] . h;nfO{ pxfFn] gfd lbg'ePsf] 5— ;dembf/L ljjfx .

g]skf Pdfn]sf k|efjzfnL o'jf g]tf z+s/ kf]v/]nn] kfFr jif{ cl3 :jlhtf zfSo;Fu ;dembf/L ljjfx ug'{eof] .

æk]|d ljjfx eg'F eg] k|]d u/]/ k|]dsf] cfsif{0fn] ljjfx ug{ afWo ePsf] xf]Og, k/Dk/fut ljjfx eg'F eg] cGthf{tLo ljjfx ePsf] 5, To;}n] xfd|f] ljjfx ;dembf/L ljjfx xf] .Æ s]xL nhfpFb} kf]v/]nn] eGg'eof] .

;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf :ki6 cfjfh a'nGb ug]{ Pdfn]sf o'jf g]tf kf]v/]n cr]n rrf{df x'g'x'G5 . d'n'ssf] hl6n /fhgLlts kl/l:yltdf pxfF;Fu k|]d / /f]dfG;sf s'/f ubf{ nfUYof]— clxn] pxfFsf] k|]d ToxL ;+ljwfg;ef gfdsf] /fhgLlts Ph]08f;Fu eO/x]sf] 5 . cyf{t\ ;+ljwfg;efsf] a}rfl/s ;f}Gbo{;Fu pxfF df]lxt x'g'ePsf] 5 .

:jlhtf zfSo;Fusf] ljjfxsf] k|;+u r6Ss} 5f8]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|;+u lsg cl3 ;fl/Psf] xf] eg] z+s/ kf]v/]n k|fs[lts jf ef}lts ;f}Gbo{k|lt eGbf a9L a}rfl/s ;f}Gbo{k|lt nufj /fVg'x'G5 . :jlhtfnfO{ klg pxfFn] ?kn]eGbf a9L af]nL Jojxf/sf sf/0f dg k/fpg' ePsf] /x]5 .

æd}n] l9nf] ljjfx u/]+, :qLsf] ?k kIf x]/]sf] eP hf]8L vf]Hg dnfO{ ;do nfUg] lyPg, d}n] ljrf/ / Jojxf/sf] kIfnfO{ dxTj lbPF, dnfO{ :jlhtfsf] Jojxf/n] k|efj kf/]sf] xf] .Æ kf]v/]nn] eGg'eof] .

@)$% ;fnlt/ hlta]nf kf]v/]n sLlt{k'/ ax'd'vL SofDk; :jljo"sf] ;efklt x'g'x'GYof], :jlhtf klg gl;{ª SofDk; :jljo"sf] ;efklt x'g'x'GYof] . ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf ;Fu} sfd ug]{ l;nl;nfdf pxfFx? b'j} Pscsf{;+u kl/lrt x'g'x'GYof] . t/ ;+u7gdf nfdf] ;do;Fu} sfd u/] klg pxfFx?aLr k|]d ;DaGw r} ePg /] Û nen]6/ n]Vg] jf Eofn]G6fOg 8] dgfpg] s'/f t 6f9fs} eof] . z+s/ kf]v/]n ;+u7gdf olt Jo:t x'g'x'GYof] ls k|]dsf af/]df ;f]Rg] km';{b g} kfpg' ePg . t/ ljjfx ug{sf nflu 3/ kl/jf/sf] cfu|x a9\b} lyof], kf]v/]n r}+ Jojxf/n] ‘/fd|L’ hLjg ;fyLsf] vf]hL ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . s'/f]df s'/f] rNbf s;}n] :jlhtfsf] gfd lnOxfn] . ;+u7gdf klg sfd ug]{, Jojxf/ klg 7Ls, ljrf/ klg ldNg] eGg] cfwf/df kf]v/]nn] :jlhtfsf] gfddf d~h'/L hgfpg' eof] . s]6Lk§Laf6 klg s'/f ldn]kl5 pxfFx?sf] ljjfx eof] . ;dembf/L ljjfxsf] k|s[of olt g} lyof] . ljjfxkl5 t k|]d x'g] g} eof] . To;}sf] k|ltkmn kf]v/]n b'O{ 5f]/Lsf lktf eO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . Pp6Lsf] gfd r} c+lstf /fVg' ePsf] 5, sfG5L 5f]/Lsf] gfd r}+ cem} ‘c+lst’ ug{ Eofpg' ePsf] 5}g pxfFn] .

æk|]d efjgfTds cg'e"lt xf], olb k|fs[lts cfjZostfn] x]g]{ xf] eg] k|]dsf] a]Un} kIf x'G5 . j]Zof ahf/ eg]sf] k|]dljxLg kIf xf] .Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

;]S; cfjZos eP klg ;]S; lagf dfG5] afFRg} ;Sb}g eGg' r} unt xf] eGg] pxfFsf] ljZn]if0f 5 . pxfFn] eGg'eof]— cfWoflTds k|]/0ff jf ef}lts Jo:ttfaf6 PSnf] hLjg latfpg]x? k|z:t 5g\ . ;fw' ;Gt klg 5g\ xfd|f] ;dfhdf . To;}n] ;]S; ljgf klg dfG5]n] afFr]/ b]vfPsf 5g\ .

b'O{ 5f]/L eP, ca 5f]/f gkfpg] < eGg] k|Zg ubf{ kf]v/]nn] eGg'eof]— gf], ca :6k u/]+ . 5f]/f g} rflxG5 eGg] ;fdflhs ;f]rfO;Fu d ;xdt 5}g . To;dfly w]/} ;Gtfg hGdfP/ x'sf{pg ;Sg] cj:yfdf d 5}g . cl:t a'waf/ #( jif{ k'/f u/]/ $) jif{ 6]Sg' eof] pxfFn] . cyf{t\ hLjgsf] cfwL pd]/ lalt;s]5 < t/ o'jf hf]z emg\emg\ a9\b}5 pxfFdf . hLjgsf b'O{bzs pxfFn] ;+3if{d} ljtfpg' eof] .

xf], ;fg} pd]/b]lv z+s/ kf]v/]nsf] hLjg ;+3if{df xf]ldof] . ;fg}df o'jf s]zjk|;fb zdf{sf] lgwg eof] . ljwjf xh'/cfdf / cfdfsf] zf]sfs'n kl/j]zdf pxfF x's{g' eof] . hfGg] pd]/sf] x'Fbf lktfsf] ;+/If0fsf] cefj dx;'; ug'{eof] pxfFn] . To;}n] xfF:g], v]Ng] pd]/df ;+oldt aGg'k¥of] .

3/ glhs} hgtf ;+:s[t dfWolds ljBfno lyof], hxfF ;+:s[t ljifodf ;fn sIff;Dd k9fpg'eof] pxfFn] . ;+:s[t ljifok|lt ?lr gnfu]kl5 aLrd} Tof] :s"n 5f8]/ pxfF bfª ljhf}/LeGbf Ps 306fsf] b'/Ldf /x]sf] dx]Gb| dfljdf egf{ x'g'eof] . t/ Tof] :s"naf6 pxfFn] P;=Pn=;L= k"/f ug{ kfpg' ePg lsgls /fhgLltn] pxfFnfO{ 5f]O;s]sf] lyof] .

of] @)#% ;fnlt/sf] ;Gbe{ xf] . bfªsf] To;a]nfsf] ;Gb]z ;d"x sf]cl8{g]zg sld6Ldf ;fd]n ePsf] lyof] .

To;}tfsf g]skf -dfn]_sf] klg u7g eO;s]sf] lyof] . kf]v/]n ltg} ;d"xaf6 k|efljt eO{ ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf nfUg'eof] . clvn / g]lj;+3aLr j}dg:o a9\g yfn]sf] lyof] . ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf pTkGg ljefhgsf sf/0f kf]v/]n nufot %)÷^) hgf ljBfyL{n] Ps}k6s dx]Gb| dflj 5f8\g' kg]{ l:ylt cfof] . To;kl5 pxfF nfUg'eof] ef/t agf/;lt/ hxfF pxfFn] P;=Pn=;L= b]lv l8Knf]df;Ddsf] cWoog k"/f ug'{eof] . agf/; a;fOF jf:tjdf kf]v/]nsf] /fhgLlts ofqfsf] pj{/ sfnv08 /x\of] . jgf/;df /xFbf pxfFn] clvn k|fGtLo sld6Lsf] cWoIf eP/ sfd ug'{eof] . kl5 s]xL ;do pxfF clvn ef/t g]kfnL ljBfyL{ ;+3df klg cfj4 x'g'eof] . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf jt{dfg g]tf 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] Tof] ljBfyL{ ;+3n] ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g g;s]sf] dx;'; u/L kl5 kf]v/]n nufotsf ljBfyL{ sfo{stf{n] clvn ef/t :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] :yfkgf u/] . h;sf] k|yd ;Dd]ngaf6} kf]v/]n ;+of]hs aGg'eof] .

agf/;df /xFbf sf+u|]; / sDo'lg:6sf 7"nf g]tfx?;Fu af/Daf/ e]6 x'GYof] pxfFsf] . k|bLk g]kfn emngfy vgfn / ;L=kL d}gfnL;Fu lgs6 /x]/ sfd ug'{ePsf] lyof] pxfFn] .

@)$@ ;fndf g]kfn kmls{Pkl5 s]xL ;do bfª / Ko"7fgdf sfd u/]kl5 pxfF sf7df8f}+ cfpg'eof] . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf egf{ eP/ k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]s} cj:yfdf @)$% ;fndf pxfF lqlj sLlt{k'/ SofDk;sf] :jljo" ;efklt aGg'eof] . cg]/f:jljo' -kfFrf}+_sf] b'O{k6s s]Gb|Lo cWoIf r'lgPkl5 pxfFsf] JolQmTj / /fhgLlt ;r]ttf x\jfQ} dfly p7\of] . h'emf?kgsf ;fy} ;}4flGts / j}rfl/s 1fgaf6 cfkm"nfO{ kl/:s[t ub}{ cl3 a9\g] qmddf kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj tx;Dd k'Ug pxfFnfO{ xDd] k/]g . o'jf k':tfsf] k|v/ jQmfsf ?kdf pxfF kf6L{ k+lQmdf lrlgg'eof] . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L s'zntfk"j{s lgjf{x ug'{eof] pxfFn] . ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngaf6 ljsl;t Pp6f ;jn o'jf /fhgLlts JolQmTjsf] ?kdf pxfF @)%! ;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf bfªsf] If]q gDa/ tLgaf6 k|ltlglw;efdf ljhoL aGg'eof] . g]skf Pdfn]sf] 5}7f}+ dxflwj]zgkl5 pxfF kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o aGg'eof] . kf6L{ k|rf/ ljefusf] ;lrj / /fKtL c~rn O~rfh{sf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug'{ePsf kf]v/]n xfn} ;DkGg Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgdf k'gM s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 .

Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf km/s k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]/ kf]v/]nn] kf6L{nfO{ j}rfl/s g]t[Tj lbg o'jf k':tf tof/ ePsf] ;+s]t lbg'ePsf] 5 . ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgn] pxfFsf] k|:tfj kfl/t gu/] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu ljsNk v'nf ug]{ lg0f{odf k'¥ofpg pxfFsf] kxnn] 7"nf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . Pdfn]df o'jf k':tfaf6 j}rfl/s r]t;DkGg k|v/ JolQmTjsf] ?kdf kf]v/]n c? ;a}nfO{ pl5g]/ dfly r9\g' ePsf] 5 . To;}n] s;}s;}n] t pxfFnfO{ Pdfn]sf] efjL dxf;lrjsf] ?kdf ;d]t x]g{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ . t/ pxfF eGg'x'G5— d}n] kbnfO{ d'Vo ljifo 7fg]sf] 5}g . j}rfl/s /fhgLlts sf]0faf6 d}n] kf6L{nfO{ h] hlt of]ubfg lbg ;S5', Tof] kbdf g/x]/ klg lbG5' .Æ

cGtd'{vL / w]/} gaf]Ng] clg af]n] klg cfjZos zAb dfq pRrf/0f ug]{ :jefj 5 pxfFsf] . To;}n] hLjgz}nL klg Tolt t8se8s vfnsf] 5}g . æwd{ sd{k|lt d]/f] ?lr 5}g, d}n] j|taGw;d]t ul/gÆ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

dg kg]{ /fhg]tfx?sf] gfd lng cfu|x ubf{ kf]v/]nn] hggfos ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf / hgg]tf dbg e08f/Lsf] gfd lng'eof] . æk'FhLjfbL /fhgLlts wf/df aL=kL= sf]O/fnf g} of]Uo / lgi7fjfg /fhgLlt1 x'g'x'G5 .Æ pxfFsf] ljZn]if0f 5 .

To:t} sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf ;jf{lws Ifdtfsf b[li6n] dbg e08f/L g} cufl8 cfpg' ePsf] pxfFsf] ljZn]if0f 5 . pxfFn] eGg'eof]— jf:tjdf dbg e08f/L k"0f{ ;fdYo{sf ;fy cufl8 cfpg kfpg' ePg, 5f]6f] cjlwd} pxfFn] h] hlt k|efj 5f]8\g' eof] Tof] ce"tk"j{ 5 . yk ;do kfpg' ePsf] eP dbg sd/]8n] c? s]xL ug'{x'GYof] eGg] s'/f d}n] pxfFsf] lgs6 /x]/ cg'ej u/]sf] 5' .

/fhgLltdf nfu] klg clxn];Dd s'g} klg /fhfnfO{ e]6\g' ePsf] 5}g pxfFn] . pxfFnfO{ t j? b/af/n] cfof]hgf ug]{ cf}rfkl/s sfo{qmd k6Ss} dg kb}{g .æd tL cf}krfl/s sfo{qmddf clxn];Dd uPsf] 5}g, dnfO{ dg kb}{g .Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

rlr{t k|;+u

s]bf/ ;'j]bL

bf}8fxf kl5kl5 bf}l8bf

b]z clxn] bf}8fxfdo ePsf] 5 . 5 j6f 6f]nLn] Ps} rf]6L sfd yfn]kl5 To:tf] x'g' :jefljs klg xf] . slxn] k"j{, slxn] klZrd, slxn] pQ/, slxn] blIf0f ;a}lt/ oxL 6f]nL rlr{t 5 . 6f]nL k'Uof] lgb]{zg lbof]– ;dfrf/ htftt}af6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ . 6f]nLnfO{ lhDdf klg To;/L lbOPsf] 5 . of] 6f]nL sxfF k'u]/ s] ubf]{/x]5 . of] k+lQmsf/ s]xL lbg To:t} bf}8fxfdf lyof] t/ cfkm\g} vr{df . w]/} 7fpFdf w]/} gd"gf kfOP . nueu ;a}sf] Pp6} lrq b]lvg] . To;sf/0f /fhwfgL x]g]{ 6f]nLnfO{ of] l/kf]6{sf] cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 . of] s'g} JolQm ljz]if / ltgsf sfdsf] geP/ ;a} lhNnf / k|zf;gsf] s]Gb| /x]sf] 7fpF ePsf] x'Fbf pbfx/0fsf gd"gfsf] d'Vod'Vo cfwf/ o;nfO{ agfOPsf] xf] . o;}u/L bf}8fxdfq /xg] ls b]zdf k|rlnt lgod, sfg'g d"No dfGotf Jojxfl/stfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ sfd ug]{ eGg] s]xL gd'gfn] k|Zg p7fPsf x'Fbf ToxL s'/f of] ljj/0fdf pNn]v ePsf 5g\ . o;af6 s;}sf ljz]if z}nLk|lt cfIf]k nufpg vf]lhPsf] gdflgof];\ egL clu|d cg'/f]w;lxt .

vfhf ;do

bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf lgb]{zg klg ljlrqsf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ToxL 6f]nL lrtjg k'U5 / k|To]s sd{rf/LnfO{ vfhf vfg] ;do egL cfwf 306f tfS5 . jL/u~h k'U5 / sd{rf/Ln] vfhf vfg gx'g] lgb]{zg lbG5 . km]l/ ToxL 6f]nL sf7df8f}+ cfpF5 / k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] Pp6f yd{; lsGg}kg]{, ToxL yd{;df lrof e/]/ Nofpg' kg]{ / x/]s sd{rf/Lsf uf]hLdf Ps kfs]6 lj:s'6 /xg} kg]{ lgb]{zg lbG5 . x]l/of];\ ljt]sf b'O{xKtfleq Pp6} 6f]nLn] 7fpF7fpFdf bf}8\b} lbPsf vfhf ;DaGwL lgb]{zgx? . lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;DaGwL P]g lgoddf vfhf sd{rf/LnfO{ vfhf vfg] ;dosf] Joj:yf ePsf] 5}g . t/ bf}8fxf 6f]nL eG5 lgoddf s] 5 s] 5}g x'g'{kb}{g, xfdLn] h] eG5f} ToxL lgod xf] . of] 6f]nLn] vfhf vfg egL lbPsf] cfwf306fsf] ;dodf 58\s] k¥of] eg] s] x'G5 < Tof] k|of]hgsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] csf]{ lgsfo klg k|To]s lhNnfdf :yflkt g} 5 .

sfof{no ;do s'g dfGg] <

bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] ljefhg u/]sf] sfof{no ;do klg To:t} b]lvof] . lrtjgdf k'u]sf] 6f]nLn] ToxfFsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lb+b} sfof{no ;do tf]lslbof] . Tof] ;do lyof] ljxfg !) ah]eGbf ! ldg]6 l9nf] k'Ug gx'g] / a]n'sf kfFr ah]/ Ps ldg]6 uPkl5dfq sfof{no 5f]8g' kg]{, jL/u~hsf sd{rf/Ln] rflx+ !) aHg'eGbf kfFr ldg]6 cl3 / kfFr ah]/ kfFrldg]6 ljt]kl5 dfq sfof{no 5f8\g' kg]{ lgb]{zg lbOof] o;f] ubf{ jL/u~hsf sfof{no !) ldg]6 a9L ;do nfUg] / lrtjgsf sfof{no @ ldg]6 a9L ;do nfUg] ePsf] 5 . Tof] If]qsf] bf}8fxf ;s]/ /fhwfgL cfOk'u]sf] 6f]nLn] pkTosfsf ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|df k"/} Ps lbg hDdf kf/]/ ;a} sd{rf/Ln] gf} aHg kfFr ldg]6 afFsL /xFb} ljxfgsf] / kfFr ah]/ kfFr ldg]6 ljt]kl5dfq a]n'sfsf] xflh/L x:tfIf/ ug{ lgb]{zg lbof] . of] lgb]{zg ef}lts of]hgf dGqfno dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu dfq lyof] . bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf] of] lgb]{zg sfd x'Fbf Pp6} ;/sf/df ;dfg k|s[ltsf sfof{nodf sfof{no ;do !) ldg]6 sd a];L ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ;do a9fpg] of] sfd s'g} P]g, lgod, ;+zf]wg eP/ ul/Psf] xf]Og . Tof] ;+zf]wg ge} ;do a9fOof] eg] Tof] cf]e/6fOddf u0fgf x'G5 . of] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfof{no nfUof] eg] dlxgfsf] %, ^ 306f cf]e/6fOdnfO{ clgjfo{ agfPsf] dfGg' k5{ .

d 7"nf] ls dGqL <

dflysf] of] k|Zg Ps bf}8fxf6f]nLsf ;+of]hsn] lrtjgsf] Ps sfof{nosf xflsd;Fu ;f]w]sf x'g\ . Tof] sfof{no / tL sd{rf/Lsf] gfp bf}8fxfsf] cfFvfdf kg]{ ePsf sf/0f oxfF pNn]v ul/Pg . bf}8fxf 6f]nL lrtjg k'u]/ cfkm" a;]sf] 7fpFdf sfof{nosf ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ xflh/ x'g egL of] Tof] lbg ;a} sfof{nonfO{ lkogsf] lhDdf nufP/ sd{rf/L lgwf{l/t ;dodf k'u] . ToxLdWo] Ps sfof{nosf xflsd lbOPsf] ;doeGbf b'O{306f l9nf] k'u]5g\ . k|Zg p7fOof]– tkfO+{ lsg l9nf] cfpg' ePsf], xfdLnfO{ g6]/]sf] < tL xflsdn] k|i6Ls/0f lbP5g\– ljefuLo dGqL oxL ;dodf cfpg' ePsf] / pxfFnfO{ lkmN8 3'dfpg' kbf{ l9nf] ePsf] xf] . bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf ;+of]hsn] ToxL emlD6P, ‘dGqL 7"nf] ls d, oqf] bfloTj af]s]/ cfkm" oxfF cfPsf] 5', tkfO{+x? rflx+ t}klg axfgfafhL ug'{x'G5, . tL dGqLx? cfO/xG5g\ ltgsf] sfd 5}g, xfdLnfO{ Ps ldg]6 km';{b 5}g, tkfO{nfO{ oxL r6 ug]{ clwsf/ d;Fu 5, d]/f] lgb]{zg dfGg'x'G5 ls dGqLsf kl5 kl5 lx+8\g'x'G5, hflu/ vfOlbp <Æ @÷# ;osf ;fd' o:tf] xKsL vfg' kbf{ tL sd{rf/Lsf] cj:yf s:tf] eof] xf]nf eGg] sNkgf dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . Tof] 6f]nLnfO{ ;'vL kfg{ pgL To;kl5 6f]nL;Fu} jL/u~h k'u]sf 36gf pgL cfkm}+n] ;'gfP . s'g} klg dGqL lhNnf hfbf ;DalGwt sfof{nosf k|d'v ;fy} /xg] rng 5 . cem lkmN8 lelh6 /x]5 eg] t tL xflsdn] dGqLnfO{ lkmN8df a[lkm·g} g} ug'{k5{ . sd{rf/Ln] ljefuLo dGqLnfO{ To:tf sfo{qmddf 5f8\g ldNb}g . t/ bf}8fxf 6f]nL rflx+ cfkm"nfO{ dGqL eGbf 7"nf dfGbf /x]5g\ . of] Pp6f dfq 36gf x]l/of] eg] ;f] s'/fsf] k'li6 cfkm}+ x'G5 . dGqLdfq xf]Og k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;d]t lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] x}l;ot cfkm"df /x]sf] egL bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] sd{rf/L ;fd' atfpFbfsf] If0f t emg\ cRrdnfUbf] /x]sf] klg tL sd{rf/Ln] cg'ej ;'gfP . d]/f] z/L/ jL/u~h x'G5 t/ cfvfFrflx lrtjgdf /xG5g\ eGg] h:tf lgb]{zgsf gd"gfx? p:t} 5g\ .

;xh ls nx8

bf}/f, ;'?jfn, sf]6 / 9fsf6f]kL bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf] lrg' ePsf] 5 . of] 6f]nL hxfFk'U5 ToxfF cfwf 306f bf}/f;'?jfn / 9fsf 6f]kLsf] dxTj / dd{sf af/] efj's eP/ AofVof ul/G5 / cGTodf x/]s sd{rf/Ln] of] nfpg} kg]{ sfg'gL x's'd lgb]{zgsf ?kdf hf/L x'G5 / elgG5 æVofn ug'{ xf] of] xfd|f] x''s'd xf], x's'dsf] kfngf ePg eg] s] x'G5 eGg] atfO/xg' gknf{ .Æ

bf}/f, ;'?jfn, sf]6 / 9fsf 6f]kLsf] dd{ atfpFbf b'O{ xKtf cl3 lrtjg / jL/u~hdf of] k+lQmsf/n] b]Vof] 6f]nLsf k|d'vn] Tof] a]nf sf]6, 6f]kL km'sfn]/ 6]j'ndf /fv]sf lyP . kmfu'gsf] ;'? lbg lyof] t/ oL 7fpFdf lbpF;f] olt udL{ x'Fbf]/x]5 :jo+ 6f]nLsf k|d'vx?n] sf]6 nufP/ b'O{306f ljtfpg ;s]gg\ . bf}8fxf 6f]nL ToxfF+ k'u]/ o:tf] lgb]{zg x's'd hf/L ul//x]sf] a]nfdf kmf]6f] lvrfPsf] eP clxn] klg To:tf] b[Zo b]Vg kfOG5 . kf]zfsn] /fi6«jfbL hlgg] eP ;/sf/n] Pp6} pbL{ hf/L ubf{ k'Ug] lyof], o:tf] 6f]nLsf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g . hf] jf:tljs /fi6«jfbL x'G5 p;n] Tof] /fi6«sf] ;Ddfg a9fpg / lbPsf] bfloTj OdfGbf/L;fy k"/f ub{5 . ;fdfGo ;dodf kf]zfsn] cgf}krfl/s ?kd} /flvPsf] ljz]if cj;/x?df ;/sf/n] pbL{ hf/L ubf{ ;]tf] bf}/f, ;'?jfn, sfnf] sf]6 / sfnf] h'Qf tyf efbufpn] 6f]kLsf] /fli6«o kf]zfs eGg] pNn]v ePaf6 klg ToxL s'/f hgfpF5 . kf]zfssf] lgwf{/0f ;fdfGotof jftfj/0f cflbaf6 x'g] dflgG5 . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/n] kmfu'g & ut] k|hftGq lbj;sf cj;/df klxl/aS;]sf] kf]zfs x]l/of];\ . Tof] lbg cTolws hf8f] lyof] . kmn:j?k df};"kmaf6 cf]e/sf]6 klxl/jS;]sf] lrq ToxfF b]lvg]5 . cTolws udL{ x'g] 7fpFdf sfd nfUb}gg\ t/ bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] rflx+ of] ;fdfGo dfGotf klg dfg]g . o:tf] lgb]{zg lbOPsf lhNnf lrtjg, dsjfgk'/ / k;f{ hxfF ;/sf/L sfof{no 5g\ tL 7fpF cTolws udL{ x'g] 7fpF x'g\ . ToxfF ;w}+el/ bf}/f, ;'?jfn, sf]6 / 9fsfsf] 6f]kLnfO{ afx}|sfn / ;a}lbg s;/L klx/g] xf] eg] Pp6f cft+sk"0f{ cj:yf oL If]qdf plAhPsf] 5 . o:tf] lgb]{zg lbg] bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf ;b:ox? /fhwfgLaf;L x'g\ . /fhwfgL ;fdfGo ?kn] nueu ;w}+ hf8f] x'g] 7fpF dflgG5 . 6f]kL /fli6«o kf]zfsleq kg]{ s'/f xf] . t/ 9fsfs} x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . t/ 6f]nLn] 9fsfs} 6f]kL vf]Hg' / ;f] jdf]lhd lgb]{zg lbg'sf] k[i7e"ldnfO{ clxn];Dd s;}n] a'em]sf 5}gg\ .

sdfpg] df}sfsf] afF8kmfF8

bf}8fxf 6f]nL sd{rf/LnfO{ dfof klg ubf{ /x]5g\ . 7fpF7fpFdf k|s6 ePsf o;sf cleJolQmx?n] ;f] s'/f b]vfPsf 5g\ . To;sf] Pp6f gd"gf jL/u~hsf] klg xf] . kmfu'gsf] klxnf] xKtf oxfF k'u]sf] 6f]nLsf k|d'vn] ToxfFsf sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lb+bfsf :j/ / z}nLsf] Pp6f gd"gf– ‘cf] xflsd ;fx]j Û sdfpg ;a}n] kfpg' k5{ To;sf/0f sdfO{ x'g] 7fpFdf cfnf]kfnL u/L dfG5] v6fOlbgf];\ . ;w}+ lsg Pp6} dfG5]nfO{ dfq} To:tf] df}sf lbg] .’ 6f]nLsf] egfO lyof] h;nfO{ kl5 6f]nLn] g} k|i6 kf¥of] cTolws hg;Dks{ x'g] 7fpF h:t} dfnkf]t, eG;f/ / k|x/L u:tL cflbdf ;d]t cfnf]kfnf] u/L v6fOof] eg] sd{rf/Ldf c;Gtf]if a9\b}g, OZof{ d]l6G5 . bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbFbf o;f] klg elgof]– clncln sdfpbf km/s kb}{g Tof] y'k|f] nfUof] eg] rflx+ e|i6frf/ x'G5 . of] 6f]nL;Fu s]xL sd{rf/Ln] ;?jf ;DaGwL lgj]bg lbPkl5 6f]nLn] o:tf] lgb]{zg lbPsf] atfOG5 .

dlxgfjf/L xfdLnfO{ lbg'xf];\

bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] lgb]{zg lbg] qmddf o:tf klg s'/f ug{ yfn]sf] 5 hxfF dlxgfaf/L cyf{t\ dfl;s efua08f cfkm"sxfF cfOk'uf];\ . ^ j6f lhNnfsf] bf}8fxfkl5 /fhwfgLdf Pp6f 7"nf] ;d"xnfO{ lgb]{zg lb+b} oxL 6f]nLsf k|d'vn] eg]– ‘cab]lv dlxgfaf/L xfdLnfO{ lbgf];\ xfdL htg;+u Tof] 7fpF;Dd k'¥ofOlbG5f}+ .’ t/ s/ann] rflx+ o:tf] /sd gp7fpgf];\ . :jR5fn] lbg] 5'§} s'/f xf] t/ To;/L k|fKt x'g] /sd tkfO{+ cfkm} g/fVgf];\ To;sf] dfWod xfdL x'g]5f}+ . bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] of] s'/f hgfpFbf To;sf] lgb]{zg ;'Gg cfPsfx? eg] d';'d';' xfl;/x]sf] b[Zo b]lvof] . ToxfF o;f] dlxgfjf/L xfdLnfO{ a'emfpgf];\ egL 6f]nLsf k|d'vn] b'O{306f nfdf] efif0f ubf{ & k6s bf]xf]¥ofpg' ePsf] lyof] . dlxgfjf/LnfO{ 6f]nLn] e|i6frf/ dfGbf] /x]g5 . Tof] lbg of] lgb]{zg ;'Gg] hf] sf]xLnfO{ To:t} nfu]sf] lyof] . of] s'/f ef}lts of]hgf dGqfno dftxtsf sfof{no ;+:yfg / ;ldltx?sf kbflwsf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lb+bf jtfOPsf] xf] . :d/0fLo 5 e|i6frf/sf] ;jeGbf 7"nf] h~hfn /x]sf] dGqfnodWo] of] klg Pp6f dflgG5 . of] lgb]{zg nfu" x'g] xf] eg] ca oxfFleq rNb} cfPsf] dlxgfjf/L bf}8fxf 6f]nL dfkm{t\ ljt/0f x'g yfNg]5 .

bf}8fxfsf] Ps lbg

sfof{nodf Pp6f lgb]{zg uof] kmnfgf] lbg ;fj{hlgs ;]jf cg'udg 6f]nL bf}8fxfaf6 ljz]if lgb]{zg x'g] ePsf] 5 Tof] sfof{nosf ;a} sd{rf/Lsf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ 5 . of] lbg xf] cl3Nnf] xKtfsf] d+unaf/ / Tof] lgb]{zg x'g] 7fpF lyof] cGt/f{li6«o ;efu[x . lbpF+;f]b]lv ;'? ePsf] lgb]{zg 6f]nL k|d'vaf6 tLg 306f nfdf] efif0f d} s]lGb|t /x\of] . 5f8\lbg 808f nufpF5', 5f8\b} 5f8\lbg, d]/f] 808f df]6f] 5, of] elgb}g, xfdLnfO{ To;} v6fPsf] xf]Og, tkfO{+x? s'/f u/]/ ;do ljtfpg'x'G5, d}n] d'vaGb ul/lbPsf] 5', lhNnf lhNnfdf sfof{no ;dodf sd{rf/Ln] af]Ng kfpg] 5}gg\, Tof] oxfF klg nfu" x'G5 ef]lnb]lv sfof{nodf s;}n] aft df/]sf] yfxf kfP eg] ;+lemgf];\ r6 eof] . sf/0f / k|i6Ls/0fdf cndlng' sfg'g / lgod dnfO{ b]vfpg' kb}{g, cfhb]lv d]/f d'vaf6 lgl:sPsf x/]s zAb g} sfg'g x'g\ . ljl;{OG5 eg] 6]k u/]/ /fVgf];\, sfg'gsf] axfgf agfpg kfOg] 5}g Tof] lstfj cfh}b]lv b/fhdf yGSofpgf];\ .’ Tof] lbg kqsf/x?nfO{ klg v'nf lyof] . tLg306f efif0f ;'Gbfsf] Tof] lbgb]lv oL k+lQmn]lvbfsf] lbg PsxKtfkl5;Dd ;+emgfdf /x]sf bf}8fxfsf zAbx x'g\ oL . ‘808f’ / ‘n¶L’ eGg] zAb dfq} Tof] lbg !# k6s bf]xf]l/Psf lyP . d;Fu l6lkmg ;do 5}g, Tof] ;do lbg ;lQmg . uf]hLdf la:s'6 af]Sgf];\ yd{;df lrof, bflxg] xftn] clkm;sf] sfd ugf]{;\ b]j|]xftn] lrof lj:s'6 vfgf];\ .’ ;+emgf ePdWo]sf csf{ jfSo x'g\ . sd{rf/L sfd 5f8]/ ;+u7g rnfpg], ljBfyL{ k9\g 5f8]/ /fhgLlts ug]{ d s;}nfO{ 5f8\b} 5f8\lbg . Pp6} 7fpFdf bf}8fxfsf lgb]{zg o;/L bf]xfl/b} hfbf /x]5g\ . ;a}n] ;f; /f]s]/ ;'Gg' kg]{, k|Zg ug{ gkfOg] ;d:of atfpg gkfOg] ;'emfj lbg gldNg] 6f]nL eGbf]/x]5– d oL s]xL ;'lGbg, dnfO{ Tof] rflx+b}g . d dfGb} dflGbg . Tof] lbgsf] lgb]{zg o;/L g} ;lsof] . l56f] 5l/tf] sfd kf/bflz{tf, e|i6frf/d'Qm k|zf;g eGg] zAb w]/} k'/fgf ePsf / h'g;'s} dGqLn] klg lbg] ctL{ t/ kfngf ug'{ gkg]{ clt{ ePsf sf/0f æ808f rnfpg bf}l8OPsf] / lbP5 . cfkm"nfO{ ;f; km]g{ km';{b 5}g, tkfO{x? rflx+ xflR5p u/]/ / xft jfw]/ ;'Gb} p8fO lbb} ul/lbg]’ d t 5f8\b} 5f8\lbg lgb]{zg qmddf st}af6 vf]sL jf xfR5\o'sf] cfjfh cfof] eg] km]l/ pxL b08 rnfpg] / 5f8\b} g5f8\g] s'/f bf]xf]/L xfNbf]/x]5 . k|zf;gsf] ;jf]{Rr kb ;lrj / slgi7 kb d'lvof;Dd Ps}7fpF a;]/ ;f;;d]t /f]Sb} xft afw]/ bf}8fxfsf] lgb]{zg ;'lgPsf] Tof] lbgsf] of] sfo{qmd jf:tjd} cgf}7f] lyof] . zAbåf/f j0f{g ug{ g;lsg] vfnsf] Pp6f dGqfno dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lb+bf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;f+u7lgs rxnkxndfly hfOnfUg] s'/f ldNbf] lyPg . t/ hxfF Tof] klg ldNbf]/x]5 . 6f]nLn] ToxL eGof]– ‘d ljBfnoaf6 tL ;fOgjf]8{ x6fOlbG5' .’

sfd rflx+ o:tf]

bf}8fxf hxfF uof] Tof] k"/}lbg pQm lhNnfdf k|zf;lgs sfd rflx+ 7Kk x'Fbf/x]5g\ dfcf]jfbLn] aGb u/] h:tf] . dfcf]jfbLsf aGbdf sd{rf/Lx? /xG5g\ t/ bf}8fxf k'u]sf] 7fpFdf Tof] lbgel/ sfof{no vfnL x'Fbf]/x]5 . of] qmddf clxn];Dd wflbª, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, af/f, k;f{ / /f}tx6 qmlds?kn] / Pslbgsf b/n] ^ j6f lhNnf aGb /x] . pgLx? lgb]{zg ;'Gg hfg jfWo x'g'kg]{, hfbfv]/L–;xof]uL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t nfg'kg]{ ljz]if lgb]{zgsf sf/0f h'g lbg bf}8fxf h'g lhNnfdf k'U5 Tof] lbg Tof] lhNnfsf oL sfof{nodf lkogdfq 9f]sf vf]n]/ a:bf /x]5g\ . Tof] bf}8fxfkl5 To;If]qdf lx+8]sf] of] k|lqmofn] ToxL b[Zo b]Vof] . Tof] lbg ;DalGwt lhNnfsf h'g;'s} sfof{nodf s'g} 6]lnkmf]g ubf{ lkogn] p7fpg] / sd{rf/L sxfF uP egL ;f]lwof] eg] ‘lgb]{zg ;'Gg’ eGg] hjfkm cfof] . of] s'g} Pp6f lhNnfsf] Pp6f sfof{nosf] dfq xf]Og . /fhwfgLs} l5d]sL lhNnf klg To;/L Pslbg vfnL e};s]sf 5g\ . Tof] sfe|] xf];\ ls l;Gw'kfNrf]s, eQmk'/ xf];\ ls nlntk'/ k|zf;lgs txdf Ps lbg aGb ePs} pbfx/0f b]lvof] .

cl3Nnf] xKtfsf] d+unaf/ pkTosfsf tLgj6f lhNnf To;/L g} 7Kk eP . t/ ;a} xf]Og cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqfnosf rflx+ l/¶f] glj/fpg] u/L . Tof] lbg bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] of] dGqfno dftxtsf pkTosfleq /x]sf sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ afg]Zj/ cGt/f{li6«o ;efu[xdf lgb]{zg lbg] sfo{qmd /x]5 . jfg]Zj/df df]6/ / df]6/;fOsnsf] Pp6f d]nf g} nfUof] . bf}8fxf 6f]nL k|d'vn] 6fpsf] uGb} eGg'eof]– tkfO{x? oxfF Ps xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf x'g'x'G5 . of] Ps xhf/nfO{ d lgb]{zg lbb}5' . ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6frf/ x'g] 7fpF /f]lhb}5, vf]lhb}5, of] lgb]{zg ToxL qmddf x'g nfu]sf] xf] . cfhb]lv of] dGqfnodf e|i6frf/ x'Fb}g, of] d]/f] lgb]{zgx? ;'g]/ dgg ub}{ kmls{g' xf]nf . lj;{g' x'G5 eg] of] pxfFsf] lgb]{zg xf] egL d]/f] gfp gf]6 u/]/ sfof{nosf k|To]s sf]7fdf af]8{ agfP/ 6f:g'xf];\ . d Tof] sfof{nodf s'g} klg a]nf cfpg ;Qm5', Tof] a]nf of] s'/f b]Vg kfcf}+ .’ 9fsf 6f]kL, bf}/f, ;'?jfn, sf]6, lrof lj:s'6 / 808f rnfpg] s'/f g} bf]xf]l/P . oxfF gofF s] hgfOof] eg] /f}tx6df 6f]kL vl/b ug]{ nx/ rn]5 . bf}8fxf 6f]nL k|d'vn] hgfpg' eof] . ToxfF @% ?k}of kg]{ 6f]kLnfO{ ANofsdf b'O{;o ?k}ofF;Dd xfn]/ vl/b u/]sf ;dfrf/ d}n] kfPsf] 5' .’ ANofsd]lnª /fd|f] xf]Og . t/ of] s'/f xF'bf of] lgb]{zgdf bf}8fxfn] cfkm\gf] ;kmntfsf] uf}/j ug'{kg]{ ljifosf ?kdf k|:t't u¥of] . olts'/f ;'Gg Tof] lbg sd{rf/Ln] ;fd"lxs ?kdf kfFr 306f ljtfpg' k¥of] . # 306fsf] lgb]{zg / jf6fsf] Dofb–;do hf]l8of];\ . t/ 6f]nL cfkm}+ rflx+ lgwf{l/t ;dodGbf @% ldg]6 l9nf] cfOk'u]sf] lyof] .

Pp6f lgsfosfdfq Tof] lbg Psxhf/ sd{rf/L ToxfF e]nf eP . Ps ;o krf;eGbf a9L ;/sf/L df]6/ / $÷% ;o ;/sf/L Kn]6sf df]6/;fOsnleq lgb]{zg e}/xFbf aflx/ eg] of] b[Zo b]lvof] . cg'dfg u/f}+ Tof] lbg ;DalGwt sfof{nodf s] sfd eof] xf]nf . ;/sf/L ;fwg >f]t / ;dosf ;Gbe{df bf}8fxf 6f]nL b]zsf nflu slt dxuf]+ ;fljt xF'b}5 eGg] of] gd"gf x]/]k'U5 . dfly g} pNn]v ePsf] 5 j6fdWo] oxfF Pp6f 6f]nLsf] dfq ljj/0f pbfx/0fsf nflu k|:t't ul/Psf] xf] . k"j{d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd of] bf}8fxf e}/x]sf] 5 . df3sf] clGtd xKtf of] k+lQmsf/ dxfsfnLdf lyof] ToxL a]nf ToxfF Pp6f bf}8fxf k'u]sf] lyof] eg] :yfgLo ;Djfbbftfn] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ kmfu'gsf] bf];|f] xKtf csf]{ bf}8fxf Onfd k'u]sf] lyof] . To;aLrdf If]qx?sf] t oxL gd"gf ljj/0f kof{Kt xf]nf .

of] 6f]nL ca k|To]s dGqfno dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{ To;/L g} 5'§f5'§} e]nfu/]/ lgb]{zg lbg] qmddf 5 . ;f] s'/f 6f]nLn] g} afg]Zj/sf] ToxL lgb]{zg lbg] qmddf hgfOPsf] xf] . casf] lgb]{zg s:tf] x'G5 / d]nf s:tf] eGg] rflx ljt]sf] Tof] Pslbgn] g} hgfp5 . 3f]if0ff u/] adf]lhd g} eof] eg] ca afFsL @) j6f dGqfno / tL dftxtsf sfof{nosf sd{rf/Ln] kfn}kfnf] Pslbg ljbf kfpg] 5g\ . v/bf/ ;d]tnfO{ bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] cfkm\g} d'vn] lgb]{zg ;'gfpg] cleofg cGt/ut Tof] txsf] sd{rf/Ln] klg of] ca;/ kfpg] ePsf 5g\ .

bf}8fxf M cfof] uof]

of] k6s d]rL–sf]zL bf}8fxfsf] xf] . ut cfOtaf/ of] 6f]nLaf6 vl6Psf egL b'O{ hgf JolQm emfkf e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodf k'u] / xflh/L slk dfu] . xflh/L slk lbg ldNb}g elgof] . To;kl5 pgLx?n] cfkm"x? bf}8fxf 6f]nL xf} egL kl/ro lbOof] . t/ of] kl/ro df}lvs lyof] . pgLx?n] bf}8fxf 6f]nL xf}+ eGgf;fy pQm sfof{nosf] xflh/L slk lhDdf nufOof] . cf}krfl/s kl/rokq klg dfluPg . ;"q cg';f/ oL JolQmx? bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf ;b:o x'g\ eGg] s'g} kl/ro lyPg . JolQmTj x]bf{ klg To:t} nfUbYof] . :s"n] s]6fx? h:tf . ltgn] sl/a Ps 306f nufP/ Tof] xflh/L slk cf]N6ofOkN6fO u/] . To;kl5 s]xL gfp l6k] . tL gfp lsg l6lkP, xflh/ gePsfx?sf gfp lyP ls xflh/ ePsfx?sf eGg] klg 5'l§Pg . Tof] a]nf;Dd sfof{no e/L bf}8fxf k:of] eGb} Ps k|sf/sf] efubf}8 ;'? e};s]sf] lyof] . Tof] 6f]nLn] ;f] lbg ToxfFaf6 #)–$) hgfsf] gfpF nu]sf] lyof] . of] gfpF xflh/ eP/ cg'kl:yt /xg]x?sf] cyf{t\ 58\s]df k/]sfx?sf] lyof] . t/ To;/L nluPsf gfpFsf af/] Tof] Ps xKtf;Dd st} ;"rgf lbOPg, g t lgb]{zg g} eof] . o;n] emfkf lhNnfel/ clxn] s] xNnf rn]sf] 5 eg] bf}8fxf 6f]nL ls leqleq ldnfpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 ls csf]{ bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf] hlGdof] . ;DalGwt 6f]nLsf ;b:osf] kl/rokq gx]/L sfof{nodf To:tf xflh/L lstfa lsg lhDdf nufOof], xf]Og Tof] kl/ro x]/]/ g} To;f] ug{ lbOPsf] eP / tL jf:tljs ;b:o g} /x]5g\ eg] :ynut ?kdf 58\s] e]l6Pkl5 tL sd{rf/L dfly sfjf{xL rnfpg ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lsg olt a]nf;Dd k'hL{ sfl6Pg eGg] k|Zg clxn] emfkf lhNnfsf k|To]s sfof{no / sd{rf/LaLr rrf{sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 .

df]/Ë To:t} 5 . vlgof] kxf8 e]l6of] d';f . of] lhNnfdf bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] tLglbg;Dd d'sfd agfPsf] lyof] . ;'?d} htftt} 5fkf dfg]{ xNnf rnfP/ d'sfd agfOPsf tL tLglbgdf e]l6Psf] e|i6frf/sf] ;+Vof eg] Pp6f dfq /x\of] . Tof] lyof] df]/Ë dfnkf]t sfof{nosf Ps ;'Aafn] kfFr ;o ?k}ofF lnPsf] tLg lbgdf oL Pshgf ;'AafnfO{ ;dfP/ k|x/LnfO{ lhDdf lbPkl5 of] bf}8fxf k"j{lt/ nfu]sf] atfOG5 . kl5 o;nfO{ bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] 3" ln+bfln+b} JolQm ;dft]sf egL ;/sf/L dfWodaf6 7"nf] pknlAw hgfpb} ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ul/of] . o:tf] sfd ug{ ToxfFsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f 6f]nL g} kof{Kt lyof] . o; klxn] ljleGg 7fpFdf oL sfof{non] %–& ;osf o:tf y'k|} 3"; sf08 ;dflt;s]sf 5g\ .

nf6f]a'+uf]sf] 8fo/L

d's'Gb cfrfo{

k|ftM e|d0fdf lg:sFbf lbgx'Fh;f] ;8s 5]psf] Ps lrof k;ndf Pp6L cf7, bz jifL{of aflnsfn] s'rf]n] a9f/]sf] b[Zo b]Vy]+ .

Ps lbg d}n] cfkm"nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsg lsgeg] Ps lbg klxnf afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL uf]i7Ldf d klg ;lqmo ?kdf ;xefuL ef lyPF .

lrofk;NnL ;fpgLnfO{ ;f]w]+, of] ;fgL s]6LnfO{ tkfO{+ t ;w}+ laxfg p7\gf;fy xftdf s'rf] lbP/ sfddf hf]tfOxfNg' x'Fbf] /]Ú5 . of] t crfSsnL g} eof] ;f}tfsL 5f]/L xf] ls s;f] <

d]/f] s'/f ;'g]/ ;fpgL t l;Ne/] efF8f]sf] tftf] lrof em}+ plDnxfnL . p;n] egL, s] sf] ;f}tfsL 5f]/L x'GyL . gf} dlxgf d]/f] sf]vdf x's]{sL xf] . cfkm\g} eP/ kf] o;sf] eljio ;k|f];\ eg]/ s'rf] rnfpg] tflnd lbPsL .

s:tf] tflnd <— d lhlNnPF .

;fpgLn] egL cr]n Pp6f s]6f] ;b\b] kfOGg Sof/] . sf]xL hF8\ofxf, sf]xL h'jf8], sf]xL /08Lafh, sf]xL bfOhf]sf] nf]eL, sf]xL b'jf{;f h:tf] qmf]wL, sf]xL dfcf]jfbL, sf]xL k|x/L k5{g\ . o:tfsf] s] e/ Û xfdL dlxnfsf] xltof/ o} s'rf] t xf] lg Û 3/ klg ;kmf x'lg nf]Ug]nfO{ e"t emfg{ klg sfd nfUgL Û cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff cfkm}+ ug'{k5{ .

dgsf] ufF7f]

cGt/f{li6«o bafa cfjZos

sflnsf dxt

ljut Ps bzsb]lv g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf z/0ffyL{ hLjgofkg ub}{ cfPsf e'6fgLx? cem;Dd klg :jb]z kms{g kfPsf 5g\ . ;lrj / dGqL:t/Lo r/0fj4 jftf{af6 klg of] ;d:of 6'+l·Psf] 5}g . s]xL jif{ cl3 ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm k|df0fLs/0faf6 v'b'gfjf/L lzlj/sf z/0ffyL{sf] k|df0fLs/0f ul/of] . pgLx? e'6fgL g} ePsf] k|dfl0ft klg eof] . t/ klg e'6fgn] cfkm\gf] k|dfl0ft gful/s :jb]z lkmtf{ u/fPg, pgLx? cem} klg z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df g} 5g\ . Tolta]nf xf]Og afFsL cGo lzlj/sf z/0ffyL{sf] k|df0fLs/0f sfo{;d]t csf/0f :ylut ul/of] . To;a]nfb]lv clxn];Dd z/0ffyL{ k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] 5}g . To;kl5 k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu k6s–k6s jftf{ eO;Sof] t/ z/0ffyL{ k|df0fLs/0f sf/s x'g ;s]g . jftf{ clxn] klg rfn" 5 t/ sfof{Gjog kIf c;fWo} sdhf]/ 5 . jftf{sf] nflu jftf{ dfq ePh:tf] b]lvG5 . ;do / >d vr{ eO;s]kl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd lg:sFb}g eg] lsg a]sf/df kmf];|f] ;do / >d vr{ ug]{ < ha låkIfLo jftf{af6 dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] s'g} ;Defjgf b]lvGg eg] lsg cGt/f{li6«o bafa glbg] < ;f]emf] cf}+nfn] £o" cfpFb}g eg] cf}+nf af+uf] kfg}{k5{ . e'6fgnfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ bft[ /fi6«x?sf];d]t clxn] a}7s jl;/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] a]nfdf g]kfnn] ljz]if kxn u/]/ e'6fgnfO{ bafadf kfg]{ k|of; ug'{k5{ . t/ To:tf] s"6gLlts kxnsbdL ePsf] klg b]lvGg . s]jn jftf{n] dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] b]lvGg . jftf{sf] ;fy} s"6g}lts Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o bafa ;[hgf u/]/ dfq of] ;d:of kf/ nfUg] b]lvG5 .

– l;Gw'nL

ljBfyL{ /fhgLlt xflgsf/s 5

ljzfn clwsf/L

lzIff lbj; ev{/} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . hltk6s lzIff lbj; dgfof] . Tolt g} k6s o;sf] cfjZostf emg\ dx;'; ul/G5 . x'g klg lzIff g} To:tf] a:t' xf] h;sf] cfh{gn] dflg; lx/f em}+ rlDsG5 . lzIff ljgfsf] dflg; u'bL ljgfsf] af]qmfh:tf] dfq x'G5 . t/ cfhsfn lzIff ;:tf] ePsf] 5, Jofkf/Ls/0f ul/Psf] 5 . lzIffdf Jofkf/Ls/0f dfq xf]Og, /fhgLtLs/0f ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . lzIff lbg] u'? / lzIff lng] ljBfyL{ g} /fhgLltdf lnKt 5g\ . oL ljljw sf/0fn] ubf{ lzIff bfgh:tf] kljq sfo{df;d]t cf}+nf p7fpg yflnPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ u'? / lzioaLrsf] kljq gftf ;DaGw klg w/fzfoL aGb} uPsf] 5 . cg'zf;gxLgtfn] ubf{ lzIff bfg ug]{ u'? :jod ljBfyL{af6 k|tfl8t 5g\ . lzIff If]qdf nflbPsf] /fhgLtLs/0fn] jf:tjdf lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df w]/} x|f; NofOlbPsf] 5 . ljBfyL{ Pj+ lzIfs lzIff TofuL /fhgLltdf dfq lnKt eP kl5 s;/L x'G5 lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ ljsf; < ljBfyL{x? k7gkf7g TofuL /fhgLlts bnsf] em08f xftdf Rofk]/ lhGbfjfb d'bf{jfbsf] gf/f 3GsfpFb} ;8sdf cf]ln{G5g\ . pgLx?sf] Ps O{zf/fdf z}lIfs ;+:yfg aGb ;d]t x'G5g\ . o;sf] dtna s] eg] pgLx? /fhgLlts bnsf] uf]6L ag]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts bnsf] 7"nf] 5ftf cf]9]/ lx+8\5g\ . ljBfyL{ dfq xf]Og lzIfssf] rfnf klg ToxL xf] . To;n] ubf{ lzIffsf] :t/ lbgk|ltlbg vl:sFb} uPsf] 5 . lzIfs, ljBfyL{ k7gkf7gdf eGbf rfs8L, rfKn';Ldf wfpg yfn] h;n] ubf{ d]wfjL ljBfyL{ ;w}+ cj;/af6 al~rt x'Fb} uP hf] bnx?sf] glhsdf 5, h;nfO{ pgLx?n] ljZjf; u5{g\, To:t} ljBfyL{ dfq x/]s cj;/ lng ;kmn eP . To;}n] lzIff If]qdf JofKt of] cGof}ntfsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . ljBfyL{n] /fhgLlt xf]Og, klxnf cfkm\gf] cWoog g} k"/f ug'{k5{ .

– eQmk'/

;Ddfgsf] ef]s Û

lglstf zdf{

clwsf+z k'/fgf ;|i6fx? cfkm"k|lt, /fi6«k|lt u'gf;f] u5{g\ . pgLx? ;~rf/sdL{x?b]lv ;/sf/;Dd c;Gt'i6 b]lvG5g\ . x'g klg hLjgel/ ;flxTo, ;+uLtdf hLjg u'hf/]sf To:tf JolQmTjx? /fi6«s} uxgf x'g\ . pgLx? klg cfkm"nfO{ To:t} ;f]R5g\ ls cfkm" /fi6«sf] uxgf ePsf] /fi6«sf] nflu w]/} of]ubfg u/]sf] ;f]Rb5g\ . t/ pgLx?df Pp6f sdhf]/L s:tf] klg 5 eg] /fi6«n] hlt ;Ddfg lbP klg To;nfO{ ck'u g} 7fGg] . pgLx? ;f]Rb5g\ ls pgLx? g} /fi6«sf e]6«fg JolQmTj x'g\ / ltgnfO{ ;/sf/n] xb};Ddsf] ;Ddfg b]cf];\ . ;flxTo ;[hgfdf nfu]sf JolQmTj :jod a'l4dfg, ljj]sL x'g', x'g'k5{ . t/ pgLx?df klGkPsf] ;Ddfgsf] of] ef]sn] ubf{ pgLx? rflxg]eGbf a9L dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ ls eGg] cfz+sf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . s;}n] ;flxTonfO{ :jR5 ;[hgf gdfg]/ o;nfO{ ‘v]tL’;+em]sf 5g\ . pgLx? ;f]R5g\ ls pgLx?n] h] n]v], h] b]v] ToxL g} clGtd ;To xf], ToxL g} ;j{dfGo tYo xf], t/ jf:tjdf Tof] g} ;xL s'/f xf]Og . of] e|daf6 ;flxTo;]jL slxn] aflx/ cfpg] < ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, ;flxTo ;[hgfaf6 dfq hLljsf]kfh{g x'Fb}g eg]/ km]l/ hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df cfP/ u/]sf] pgLx?sf] u'gf;f]sf] s] t's < s] Ps nfOg sljtf ‘vf]of ljs]{’;Fu ;f6]sf] ;fFemsf] d"No klg /fi6«n] ltl/lbg'kg]{ < s] h?/L 5 ls x/]s k]usf] d"No /fi6«n] ltl/lbg' k5{ eGg] < lstfadf 5fFl6g] cfbz{ jfSon] dfq 7"nf] / ;DdfggLo eO{+b}g . c;n aGgsf] nflu p;n] c+ufn]sf] cfr/0f slt z'4 5 eGg] k/v ug'{ h?/L 5 . /, ;h{sx?n] cfkm\gf] jfgL, Joxf]/fnfO{ z'4 kfbf{ kfPsf] Voflt / Jojl:yt hLjgz}nL klg xfdLdfem l5k]sf] 5}g . To;nfO{ rfx]+ h'g;'s} k]zf wd{sf] lsg gxf];\ p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjg s;/L ofkg ug]{, s;/L wfGg] eGg] s'/f Tof] p;sf] lgtfGt j}olQms :jtGqtf xf] . To;}n] pd]/ 5p~h]n s;}n] u/]sf] cfr/0fsf] u'0f÷bf]if /fi6«n] lng} k5{ eGg] 5}g . To;f] eGb}df /fi6« ;h{sx?k|lt cg'u|lxt x'g'kb}{g eGg] xf]Og, x'g'k5{ . t/ ;h{ssf] u'0fn] bf]ifsf] dfqfnfO{ lgZro cf]em]ndf kf/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

– sf7df8f}+

uhn

lhGbuLsf] v]ndf Hofb} 7"nf] em]n eof]
ldngeGbf klxn] g} lj5f]8sf] v]n eof] .
;fy 5'6\of] PSn} 5' ;a}yf]s 6f9f eof]
;do g} ;fpgsf] 8/nfUbf] e]n eof] .
lxhf]cfh of] hLjg cy{ g Joy{ eof]
oxL hLjg n'6\g] qmddf oxfF 7]nd7]n eof] .
lxhf];Dd ;kmntf g} vf]Hb} cfOk'UYof]
;dosf] k/LIffdf cfh hLjg km]n eof] .
cfzf lyof] ;Fu} afFRg] ;Fu;Fu} dg]{
d]n x'g'eGbf klxn] lsg xfd|f] j]d]n eof] .
cfFvf lrDnL ef}+tfl/G5' sxfF hfg] yfxf 5}g
To;}n] t of] hLjg lnu aflx/sf] /]n eof] .
dfG5]eGbf ;don] 7"nf] wf]sf lb+bf] /}5
hLjg d]/f] aGbL eof] ;do r}+ h]n eof] .

– sdns'df/ ædsjfgk'/]Æ

kl/qmdf

uf]N8Sj]:6 xf]Og, df]/nSj]:6 cfhsf] vfFrf]

/fh]Gb| kxf8L

cr]n htftt} cg}ltstfsf] af]njfnf a9]sf] b]lvG5 . AolQm, kl/jf/, ufFp, 6f]n, ;d'bfo x'Fb} /fi6«nfO{ ;d]t g}ltstfsf] ;+s6 kg'{ rfgr'g] ljifo xf]Og . g]tfsf] efif0fb]lv hgtf hgfb{gn] pkef]u ug]{ /fzg;Dd g}ltstf pFwf] d'G6f] nufP/ 7;\ 7;\ ugfPsf] kfOG5 . nf]stGqdf g}ltstfnfO{ cfwf/e"t zt{ dfGg]x? ;d]t g}ltsxLgx?sf] u|fG8 l8hfOgdf efl;b} / dfl;b} uPsf 5g\ . ;Qf rnfpg]b]lv ;Qf xNnfpg] v'jL /fVg]x? ;d]t of] jf Tof] sf]0fjf6 g}ltsx/fd aGb} uPsf] cfhsf] g]kfnsf] tLtf] t/ jf:tljs oyfy{ xf] . zf;sLo k|fylds cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ ltnf~hln lbP/ rfs8L, rfKn';L, gftfjfb, s[kfjfb Pj+ efOelthfjfbdf cf:yf k|s6 ug]{x?sf] hdft lbg b'O{ u'gf /ft rf/ u'gfsf b/n] j[l4 e}/x]5 . d'n's ?kfGq0f / cu|ultsf] tfnf rfjL xftdf lng]x? cfkm\gf] jf:tljs w/ftn e'n]/ emg\ eGbf emg\ csd0o{ aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . ;dosf] dfunfO{ 7Dofpg g;Sg] bDeL, v'/fkmftL, b'O{lha|] / ;Gsfxf xl/n¶sx?n] g}ltstfsf] gfdaf6 slt bf]xg u/] Tof] cfufdL ;don] g} b]vfpg ;S5 .

/ftf/ft wgL aGg] ;kgf a'g]/ ‘uf]N8Sj]:6’sf] Aofkf/df nfu]sf ;dfhjfbsf kIfw/ /fhgLlt1x?b]lv k|hftGqnfO{ cfkm\g} dfq jkf}tL 7fGg] :j3f]lift /fhgLlt kLl8tx?;Dd s;}n] klg g}ltstfnfO{ dfuL vfg] efF8f] agfpg 5f8]sf] 5}gg\ . ;fF+lRrs} eGg] xf] eg] :jR5tf, ;–x[botf, pbf/tf, dxfgtf Pj+ jGw'Tjsf] efj af]s]sf] g}ltstfnfO{ anhkm\tL dfuL vfg] dfWod agfPs} sf/0faf6 cg}ltstfsf] hGd x'g k'u]sf] xf] . j:t'tM g}ltstfn] ;Dos sd{, st{Ao, Aojxf/, j[lt, cg'zf;g / cfr/0fsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 . o;sf ljk/Lt cg}ltstf eg]sf] g}ltsxLg, e|i6, lgGbgLo, czf]egLo Pj+ dfgjlxt ljk/Ltsf] Aojxf/ / cfr/0fsf] ;d'Rr cjwf/0ff xf] . g}ltstfleq cl;d an, a'l4, ljj]s / w}o{tf x'G5 h;sf] dfWodaf6 dg'io ;t\ sd{k|lt cfs[i6 x'G5 . ;fy} ;xL cfr/0f / cfTd–cg'zf;gnfO{ cjnDag ub{5 . t/ cg}ltstf 3d08, /fu, å]if, nf]e, kfk / unt j[ltsf] pkh xf] . cg}ltstfdf cGofo, zf]if0f, cTofrf/, lx+;f, cft+s / c?nfO{ lgld6fGg kfg]{ s'–:jfy{ lgxLt x'G5 . g}ltstfsf] cefjdf AolQm, ;+:yf jf ;+u7g hLjGt / k|efjsf/L aGg ;Sb}g . lkogb]lv dGqL;Ddn] cf–cfkm\gf] kbLo g}ltstf cg'?ksf] cfr/0f gug]{ xf] eg] b]zsf] k|zf;g e'Q] x'G5 . Pp6f ;fdfGo ls;fgb]lv ljBfyL{, kqsf/, snfsf/, lzIfs, jlsn, 8fS6/, k|fWofks, ;flxTosf/, /fhgLlt1, s"6gLlt1 cflb ljleGg kb, tx, If]q jf ju{sf ;a} JolQmx?nfO{ ge} gx'g] uxgf g} ;fFrf] cy{df g}ltstf xf] . g}ltstfsf] ;fdfGo cg'e"lt dfqn] g} AolQmx?nfO{ st{Aolgi6 jf st{Aok/fo0f eP/ sd{ If]qdf h'6\g] phf{ pknAw u/fpFb5 .

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Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

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Central Committee

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o;cl3 ;a}eGbf a9L uf8L b'?kof]u x'g] ;+:yfgsf ?kdf lrlgPsf] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fdf dGqL / k|wfgdGqL;d]tsf] gfd b'?kof]u u/]/ pxfFx?sf kL=P=x?n] uf8L b'?kof]u ug{ vf]h]sf] /x:o klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf sd{rf/L k|ltlglwx?n] pQm s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fP kl5 dGqL 1jfnL rlst x'g'eof] . 1jfnLs} lghL ;lrjn] pxfFnfO{ g} eg]/ k|flws/0faf6 ;'6s]; lnPsf] hfgsf/L k|ltlglwx?n] u/fP kl5 dGqL 1jfnLn] eGg'eof]– dnfO{ of] ;a s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lyPg . tkfO{+x?n] eGg'eof] ca d oyfy{ 5fglag u5'{ .

e|i6«frf/L dfdf, ;hfo kfpg] efGhL

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL, afn lzIff tyf :jf:Yo If]qdf ljut klRr; jif{b]lv g]kfndf sfo{/t cGt/f{li6«o u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] xfn g]kfndf ^ j6f lhNnfdf ;+rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmd cGo lhNnfdf ;kmn eP klg dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] s]xL e]udf eg] Knfgsf] ah]6 n'6sf] wg km'k'sf] >f4 h:t} ePsf] :yfgLo pkef]Qmfx? atfpF5g\ . vf;u/L cfdeGHof· uf=lj=;= / u9L uflj;df ;+rflnt vfg]kfgL sfo{qmddf pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ldn]dtf]df clwsf+z sfdx? hg>dbfgaf6 u/fO{ afnk|;fb x'dfufO{+ / h'h'efO dxh{g;d]tn] kb / k};fsf] e/df gf·f] gfr b]vfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . pkef]Stfsf] xs / ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df ;';'lrt x'g] clwsf/ / k|of]u ubf{ To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k xfdLnfO{ d'2f v]Kg nufO{ tfl/v wfpg jfWo kfl/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo pkef]Qmf eG5g\– dfdf afnk|;fb u'dfufO{+n] u/]sf] e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfksf] kbf{kmf; ubf{ efGhL ;'zLnf jhufO{+n] d'2fsf] tfl/v em]Ng' k/]sf] 5 .

;ftfsf] :j/

jftf{?kL j; åGågu/af6 zflGtgu/sf nflu u'8]sf] 5, r9\g gdfGg]x? 5'6\g]5g\ .

– gf/fo0fl;+x k'g

/fhgLlts bnx? k/LIffsf] 38Ldf 5g\ . of] k/LIffsf] 38Ldf /fk|kfn] k|hftflGqs wf/nfO{ 5f]8\g' x'Fb}g . JolQm ljz]ifsf] cxd\n] kf6L{n] hGdhft u|x0f u/]sf] k|hftflGqs wf/ 5f]8]/ hft kmfNg' x'Fb}g .

– ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf

k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] jt{dfg k|ltlglwx?;Fu} xfd|f] klxnf] cf}krfl/s jftf{ x'g]5, rfx] cg'xf/ h'g;'s} x'g\ . jt{dfg ;+ljwfg cGt/ut lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL eP Hofbf ;+j}wflgs / nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb sd ;+j}wflgs eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf 5}g .

– bLgfgfy zdf{

of] ;ftf

ljxLaf/ * ut]

>L % 1fg]Gb| tyf >L % j8fdxf/fgL sf]dn zfxHofbL lztfidfsf] :joDa/df ;l/s .

>L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f cy{ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj dfwj l3ld/]nfO{ xªsªsf nflu dxfjfl0fHob"t lgo'Qm .

z'qmaf/

dxfGofoflwjQmf kbdf s[i0f/fd >]i7 lgo'Qm .

s[i0fdf]xg sf08sf] 5flgag k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs >]i7 bDktL Pj+ ;'/Iff uf8{sf] xTof dfcf]jfbLåf/f ePsf] 7x/ .

zlgaf/

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnaLr sf]O/fnf lgjf;df e]6, hgclwsf/ :yfkgf ug{ / :yfoL zflGtsf] nflu ;+o'Qm ?kdf hgkl/rfng ug]{ ljifodf ;xdlt .

cfOtaf/

ju/ kmfp08]zgaf6 o; jif{sf] ;j{>]i7 kf08'lnkL k'/:sf/ :j=hgsk|;fb zdf{ tyf uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn ;Ddfg sljåo d~h'n / uf]kfn k/fh'nLnfO{ k|bfg .

;f]daf/

>L % af6 @)%* ;fnsf] dx]Gb| k|1f k'/:sf/af6 ;flxTosf/ sdndl0f bLlIft / OGb|/fHonIdL k|1f k'/:sf/af6 uflosf sf]OnLb]jL dfy]df k'/:s[t .

d+unaf/

>L % af6 ;dfhsf ljleGg If]qsf ( dxfg'efjnfO{ dx]Gb| ;+:s[t ljZjljBfnosf] ;ef ;b:odf dgf]lgt .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf;+u dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08sf] 6]lnkmf]g jftf{ .

a'wjf/

dn]l;ofsf] /fhwfgL SjfnfnDk'/df cfof]lht c;+nUg /fi6«x?sf] b'O{ lbg] t]x|f} lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg .