]k|]d / hLjg
p;sf] / d]/f] af6f] cnu eO;Sof]

Clif wdnf

h;/L d}gaQL cfkm" cfuf]df un]/ c?nfO{ pHofnf] lbG5, nueu To:t} hLjg 5 pxfFsf] . w]/} kLl8t dlxnfx?sf] hLjgdf pHofnf] NofOlbg' ePsf] 5, pxfFn], w]/}sf] 3/ a;fOlbg' ePsf] 5 pxfFn] . t/ oltv]/ cfkm\gf ;'v / b'Mvsf efjgfx? dg vf]n]/ eGg] hLjg;fyL 5}g pxfF;Fu .

æxf] d}n] 6«ofh]6L ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5, t/ d b'MvL eg] 5}g,Æ g]kfnsL nf]slk|o ;dfh;]jL dlxnf cg'/fwf sf]O/fnfn] eGg'eof] .

!# jif{ ljt]5, >Ldfg\ lbg]z sf]O/fnf;+u pxfFsf] lj5f]8 ePsf] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– ca d p;+u al:bg . p;+u lj5f]8 eof], /fd|} eof] . ca lbg]z d]/f nflu æPsf b]zdf Pp6f /fhf lyof]Æ em}+ eO;Sof] . w]/} cl3 g} p;sf] / d]/f] af6f] cnu eO;Sof] .

@)@$ ;fnlt/ jfg]Zj/df hlta]nf cg'/fwf af]l8{ªdf k9fpg' x'GYof], jfg]Zj/ 3/ ePsf lbg]z;+u pxfFsf] ;Dks{ / ;DaGw sfod ePsf] lyof] . cg'/fwfsf lktf u'?ª / cfdf If]qL ePsfn] 3/df cGt{hftLo ljjfxsf] lj/f]w t lyPg, t/ lbg]z;+usf] k|]d pxfFsf lktfnfO{ dg k/]sf] lyPg . dlxnf tyf ;dfhsNof0f ;xfos dGqL Pj+ dfOtL g]kfnsL cWoIf cg'/fwfn] cfkm\gf of}jgsf lbgx? ;Demb} eGg'eof]– æa'afn] d;+u u'gf;f] ug'{eof], d}n] tnfO{ 5f]/f h:tf] u/]/ x'sf{PF, cfh wf]vf lbO;\ t/ klg xfdLn] ljjfx u¥of}+ .Æ

cg'/fwfsf b'O{ km'k'x?sf] 8f]nLdf /fv]/ ljjfx ubf{ Tof] ljjfx l6Sg g;s]sf]n] pxfFsf xh'/a'afn] afFsL 5f]/L r]nLsf] ljjfx 8f]nLdf g/fvL ug]{ lg0f{o ul/lbg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] pxfFx?sf] ljjfx ‘l6sf 6fnf]’ u/]/ eof] .

o;/L ;fOt ldnfP/ ul/Psf] ljjfx klg ;kmn aGg ;s]g . @)#* ;fndf cg'/fwfn] 5f]/f hGdfpg' eof]– dgLif . hf] clxn] pxfFs} ;fydf 5g\ .

æca d]/f] 5f]/f] g} afFsL hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf] . csf]{ ljjfx ug]{ kIfdf d 5}gÆ pxfFn] eGg'eof] . cg'/fwfeGbf klxn] wg'iffsL k|]d' 9sfn -bLkf_ ;+u ljjfx u/L Ps 5f]/Lsf lktf eO;Sg' ePsf] lyof] lbg]z sf]O/fnf . cg'/fwf u'?ªnfO{ ljjflxt >LdtLsf] ?kdf 3/df leq\ofpg ;xh lyPg . æd}n] dfofF dfq kfP klg x'G5Æ eg]/ cg'/fwf 8]/fd} a:g' eof] . t/ >Ldfg\n] lj:tf/} dfofF / ;Dks{ sd ug{ yfNg'eof] . /, sf]O/fnfn] csf]{ ljxf ug'{ ePsf] ;"rgf st}af6 cg'/fwfn] kfpg' eof] . Tof] ;"rgf ;To lyof] . To;kl5 ;w}+sf nflu pxfFx?sf] af6f] cnu cnu eof] . PSnf] hLjg lg/z eP klg cg'/fwf c? dlxnfx?n] ef]Ug] o:tf w]/} ;d:ofx?;+u nl8/xg' ePsf] 5 . >Ldfg\n] 3/af6 lgsfn]sf dlxnfx? lbgx'F pxfFsxf+ cfp5g\, pxfF ltgsf] b'Mv b]v]/ cfkm\gf] PSnf]kg lj;{g' x'G5 .

æk|]d s] xf] cg'/fwfHo" <Æ ha of] k|Zg ul/of], pxfFn] efa's x'Fb} k|ltk|Zg ug'{eof]– ætkfO{n] s;};+u k|]d ug'{ ePsf] 5}g xf]nf, To;}n] of] k|Zg ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . k|]d s] xf] Tof] k|]d ug]{nfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 .Æ

u'?ª kl/jf/df hlGdP klg pxfFsf] afa'afh]sf] kfnfb]lv hfF8/S;L rn]g . hf8/S;L, r'/f]6sf] :jfb pxfFnfO{ yfxf 5}g . æd sf]s / k]K;L;d]t vfGgÆ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

æ;+;f/df d]/f sf]xL zq' 5}gg\Æ eGg'x'G5 pxfF . t/ aL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf] ‘zq'’ zLif{ssf] syfdf em}+ zq' gx'g] dfG5] sf] xf]nf / < s]6L a]Rg] bnfnx? d]/f zq' ag]sf 5g\ ls < pxfFn] z+sf JoQm ug'{eof] .

;dfh;]jfk|lt ;fg}b]lv ?lr /fVg] cg'/fwf sf]O/fnfsf] jfNosfn xf]:6ndf ljt]sf] lyof] . lktf k|tfkl;+x u'?ª ef/tLo ;]gfsf] n]lkm\6g]G6 s0f{]n ePsfn] :s"n / sn]h k9\bf cg'/fwfn] cefjsf] kL8f vKg' k/]g . t/ ul/ax? b]Vbf pxfF efj's aGg'x''GYof] . sflnDkf]ªsf] ;]G6 hf];]km :s"ndf kfFr jif{sf] pd]/b]lv xf]:6ndf /x]/ k9fO{ ;'? ug'{ ePsL cg'/fwf ;fg}df ;xkf7Lx?;+u ldn]/ ;fdflhs ;]jfsf ultljlwx?df ;+nUg x'g'eof] . k'/fgf /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] ædxfTdf ufGwL;+u} :jtGqtf ;+u|fddf efu lnPsf]Æ eg]/ uj{ u/] em}+ cg'/fwfn] klg ljZj k|l;4 ;dfh;]jL db/ 6]/];fn] snsQfdf rnfPsf] ;fdflhs cleofgdf efu lnPsf] :d/0f ;'gfpg' eof] . æk|To]s jif{ 5'§Ldf snsQf kms{bf d cfdf;+u} s'i7/f]uLx?sf] p4f/ ug]{ sfddf d klg ;xefuL x'Gy]+ . To;a]nf cfdf nIdL u'?ª db/ 6]/];f;+u sfd ug'{x'GYof]Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

!! jif{sf] xf]:6n j;fO{+kl5 pxfF sn]hsf] k9fOsf nflu snsQf cfpg' eof] . snsQfsf] ;]G6 h]ljo;{ sn]haf6} pxfFn] u|fh'ozg ug'{eof] . !* jif{sf] pd]/df g]kfn kms{bf g]kfndf k9fpg] sfd afx]s c? s]xL lyPg . To;a]nf d'n'sdf af]l8{ª :s"n vf]Ng] nx/ ev{/ rNb}lyof] . :jb]z kms{gf;fy pxfFn] ‘Go" O+ulnz af]l8{ª :s"n’af6 lzIf0f k]zf ;'? ug'{eof] . dfl;s b'O{ ;o krf; ?k}ofF tnjaf6 ;'? ePsf] pxfFsf] lzIf0f ofqf nuftf/ @) jif{;Dd hf/L /x\of] . sf7df8f}+sf w]/} :s"ndf pxfFn] k9fpg' ePsf] 5 . gfos e'jg s];L / kfOn6 Pd s] nfdf pxfFs} lzio x'g\ . nfdf] lzIf0f ofqfdf pxfFn] k9fpg] ljifo r}+ ;fdflhs lzIff g} lyof] .

@)#@ ;fnlt/ pxfFn] l8NnLahf/df cfkm\g} ælqzlQm jf]l8{ª :s"nÆ vf]Ng' eof] . of] :s"n clxn] c?n] g} rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . ælzIffnfO{ Jofkfl/s agfOof], jf]l8{ª :s"nx?aLr Jofkfl/s k|lt:kwf{ x'g yfn]kl5 d}n] lzIf0f k]zf g} 5fl8lbPFÆ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

;dfh;]jfdf k|Voft eP klg cg'/fwf /fhgLltdf clxn];Dd nfUg' ePsf] 5}g . pxfF s'g} kf6L{sf] ;b:o dfq xf]Og ;dy{s ;d]t x'g'x'Gg . @)#^ ;fnsf] hgdt ;+u|xdf klg pxfF Ps k|sf/n] t6:y a:g' ePsf] lyof] . hgdt ;+u|xdf efu lng] dtbftfx?sf] ‘nfOg’ Jojl:yt kfg]{ :jod\;]jssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] pxfFn] . æd}n] ax'bn cfPkl5 Psk6s dfq ef]6 xfn]sf] 5', To;afx]s /fhgLltdf d ;+nUg ePsf] 5}g . d]/f] kl/jf/sf] /utd} /fhgLlt 5}gÆ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf klg pxfF lg/k]If /xg' eof] . æk|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfkl5 @)$* ;fnsf] lgjf{rgaf6 ul7t ;/sf/df æsf]O/fnfÆ y/sf g]tf k|wfgdGqL aGg'eof] . w]/}n] dnfO{ k|wfgdGqL ltd|f] sf] kg'{x'G5 eg]/ ;f]w]+ < cg'/fwfn] atfpg' eof]– lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] kl/jf/;+u xfd|f] ;DaGw eP klg /fhgLlts ;DjGw lyPg . To;}sf] gftfsf] lx;fjn] glhs}s} ;DjGw eP klg d}n] s]xL dflug . nfesf] t s'/} 5fl8lbpF Ps nfOg 6]lnkmf]g ;d]t kfOg pxfFsf] kfnfdf .

k|hftGq cfPkl5 d'n'sdf ;a} ju{sf clwsf/sf s'/f p7\g yfn] . r]lnj]6L j]rljvgnfO{ /f]Sg tf/] xf]6nx?df 7"nf 7"nf uf]i7Lx? eP . Rofp pld|Pem}+ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? v'Ng yfn] . cg'/fwf sf]O/fnfnfO{ nfUof]— r]lnj]6L a]rljvgsf] ;d:of g'jfsf]6 / l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf 5 eg] sf7df8f}+df uf]i7L u/]/ ;dfwfg s;/L x'G5 < To;kl5 j]lrPsf r]nLsf] p4f/ / a]Rg] k|s[ltsf] /f]syfdsf nflu b]zJofkL cleofg ;'? ug{ cg'/fwfn] sDd/ s:g'eof] . @)$( ;fndf s]xL ;fyLx?;+u ldn]/ pxfFn] ‘dfOtL g]kfn’ gfds ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf ug'{eof] . @)%) ;fndf k|x/L, kb\dsGof SofDk;, kqsf/ / cGo ;dfh;]jLnfO{ ;xefuL u/fP/ dfOtL g]kfnn] b]zJofkL ‘3/b}nf]’ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . Tof] sfo{qmd olt k|efjsf/L eof] ls b'Mv kfPsf r]nLx?n] dfOtL g]kfnsf] 9f]sf 9s9Sofpg yfn] . l;dfgfdf uf}+8f uf}+8fdf 9's]/ dfOtL g]kfnsf sfo{stf{x?n] j]lrg nfu]sf r]nLsf] p2f/ u/]+, h'g qmd clxn] klg hf/L 5 . Pp6f ef8fsf] 3/af6 ;'? ePsf] dfOtL g]kfnsf] cleofg clxn] /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . d'n'sdf bzj6f lhNnfdf o;sf cfkm\g} ejg 5g\ . sf7df8f}+d} gf} j6f ejg 5g\, hxfF Ps;o krf; cgfy afnaflnsf / &) hgf kLl8t dlxnfn] cf>o lnO/x]sf 5g\ . sfs8leQfdf dfOtL g]kfnsf] cfkm\g} c:ktfn 5 .

ædfOtL g]kfn eg]kl5 /fhgLlts kf6L{x? klg 8/fpF5g\ . k"j{dGqL vf]ef/L /fon] ;d]t ca r]nLj]6LnfO{ cnkq kfg]{ uNtL ulb{g eg]/ d;+u eGg'ePsf] 5Æ sf]O/fnfn] eGg'eof] .

cfkm" dGqL kbdf k'u] klg dlxnfdfly ePsf cGofo cTofrf/sf] lj/f]wdf 86]/ nfUg] sfd g5f]8\g] pxfFsf] k|lt1f 5 . cl:t ev{/ :joDe'df Ps leIf'0fL dfly anfTsf/ ePsf] 5 . wd{sf gfddf zf]if0f ug{ kfOGg eg]/ d Tof] d'2f rsf{pg] tof/L ub}{5', d Tof] d'2fnfO{ 5f]8\g] 5}gÆ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

cg'/fwfsf] sfds} d"Nof+sg u/]/ jt{dfg dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb|af6 pxfFnfO{ dGqL agfOaS;]sf] 5 . t/ /fhfn] dGqL agfpg] s'/f cg'/fwfnfO{ Pslbg cl3;Dd kQ} lyPg . pxfFn] eGg'eof]— æPp6f klqsfn] dGqL aGg]x?df d]/f] gfd klg 5fKof] . d}n] o:t} kqklqsfsf] s] ljZjf; ug]{, h] klg n]V5g\ eGg] 7fg]sf] lyPF, ef]lnkN6} d'Vo;lrj 8f=ljdn sf]O/fnfn] zky u|x0fsf nflu l;+xb/af/ af]nfP .

zkyu|x0fdf hfg pxfF;+u tTsfn kf]zfssf] cefj cfOnfUof] . k|1f k|lti7fsL k|f1 tf]of u'?ª;+u sf]6 / b]p/fgL;+u ;f8L dfu]/ pxfF zky u|x0fdf efu lng hfg'ePsf] lyof] .

cd]l/sf :jL8]g, :jL6h/Nof08 / k|mfG;sf ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt x'g'ePsL cg'/fwf >L % dxf/fhflw/fh;+usf] bz{g e]6af6 yk pT;flxt x'g'ePsf] 5 . æ/fhfnfO{ e]6]kl5 t crDd x'Fbf]/x]5, df};"kmaf6 o:tf] k|]/0ff kfPF ls d}n] clxn];Dd h] hlt sfd u/]+, Tof] eGbf w]/} u'0ff a9L sfd ug{ afFsL 5 h:tf] nfUof] .Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

dlxnfsf] tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqL aGg] ;Defjgf af/] ha pxfF;+u k|Zg ;f]lwof] pxfFn] oltdfq eGg'eof]— æclu|d z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf]df tkfO{+ wGojfb 5 .Æ

rlr{t k|;+u

s]bf/ ;'j]bL

v]/ kmfNg] ;do slt/x]5 <

ca xfdL;+u v]/ kmfNg] ;do 5}g . xfdL ;a} Oltxf;sf] k/LIffdf plePsf 5f}+ .

– >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j . @)%( k'; !( ut] k"jf{~rndf ;Daf]wg

;do slt lat]5 <

/fhfsf jf0fLnfO{ dxfgjf0fL elgG5 . tL csf6\o / sfg'g ;/x g} x'G5g\ . ltgsf] kfngf x'g}k5{ . b]zsf] kl/l:ylt, hghLjg / ltgn] kfPsf] si6nfO{ Ps k6s ;+lemOof] eg] df};"km ;/sf/sf] of] cleJolQmsf] dfld{s kIf cfkm}+ k|i6 x'G5 . b]z clxn] h'g cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5, of] b]zsf nueu ;a} cfd gful/s h'g?kn] d[To' / hLjgsf] bf];fwdf 5g\ /fHosf] kx'Fr / cl:tTj h;/L b]zsf ljleGg e"–efuaf6 ;+s'lrb} ;+s'lrb} l;+xb/af/ / cem To;kl5 /fhb/af/sf] kvf{nleq ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf] 5 Tof] cj:yfdf >L % af6 ca v]/ kmfNg] ;do sf]xL;+u klg g/x]sf] eGg] cleJolQmsf] dxTj af/] yk pNn]v ul//xg' kb}{g . df};"km ;/sf/sf oL cleJolQmnfO{ k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t dfGg] xf] / b]zsf] l:ylt x]bf{ dlxgf xf]Og, xKtf klg xf]Og / lbgdfq klg xf]Og 306f ldg]6 / cem ;lsG5 eg] ;donfO{ ;]s]08df ljefhg u/]/ sfd ;'? ug'{kg]{ a]nf 5 . df};"km ;/sf/af6 x's'd ePem}+ jf:tjd} v]/ kmfNg] ;do 5}g eg] cyf{t\ ;dosf] jrg / ;b'kof]usf nflu sfd ug{ ;'? ug'{ kg]{ ;'O ;]s]08 g} xf] . ha ;]s]08n] dxTj kfpb}g To;kl5 ldg]6 306f lbg xKtf / dlxgf To;}u/L laTb} hfG5g\ . df};"km ;/sf/af6 ;do ;+emfOaS;]sf] Tof] @)%( k'; !( ut] z'qmaf/ ck/fGx @ ah]b]lv Tof] dxfgjf0fL x''s'd ePsf] If0fb]lv oL k+lQm ;fj{hlgs eP/ tkfO{+ hf] oL k+lQm k9\b} x'g'x'G5 of] a]nf;Dd slt ;]s]08 v]/ uP5g\ eGg] lx;fa ugf]{;\ . oL k+lQm n]lvPsf] If0f;Dd rflx+ @** 306f !&@*)) ldg]6, ! s/f]8 #^ nfv * xhf/ ;]s]08 lalt;s]sf 5g\ . u0fgfdf s]xL tndfly eP dfkm kfp, of] k+lQmsf/ ul0ftsf] sv/f;Ddsf] dfq 1fg /fVb5 . s'g} klg sfd ;'? ug{ of] ;do kof{Kt xf] ls xf]Og eGg] rflx+ cfkm}+ cg'dfg u/f}+ .

sfd s] ul/P5

>L % af6 ;f] lbg o:tf] zfxL 3f]if0ff ePsf] oL k+lQm n]lvPsf] If0f;Ddsf] lat]sf !@ lbgdWo] b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL lgsfo df};"km ;/sf/sf] Tof] zfxL ;Daf]wgsf] k|z+;fd} lbg ljtfO/x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?;+u efif0f afx]s ug]{ s'/f s]xL x'Fb}g . p;+u s'g} sfo{sfl/0fL g} x'Fb}g . ug]{ eg]sf] sfo{sfl/0fL ePsf] lgsfo / To;df /x]sf JolQmx?n] g} xf] . tL eg]sf ;/sf/ / To;sf ;b:o x'g\ . clxn] b]zdf @@ hgf ;b:ox?sf] ;/sf/ 5 . tL dWo] oL lbgdf s'g} Pp6f JolQm jf ;/sf/sf ;b:on] s'g Pp6f gd"gfsf] sfd u/] eGg] Pp6f;Dd pbfx/0f vf]lhof] eg] kfOb}g . /fhfsf] ;f] efif0fsf] eg] s;}n] / nueu s'g} lbg klg k|z+;f ug{ 5f8]gg\ . ToxL qmddf /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf g]tfx?nfO{ ufnL ug]{ sfdnfO{ rflx+ pRr agfP . /fhfn] v]/kmfNg] ;do 5}g egL 3f]if0ff ePsf]nfO{ dGqLx?n] rflx+ ;dosf] ;b'kof]u o;/L u/]sf kfOof] . t/ o;n] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ ;dosf] 38Ldf / Oltxf;nfO{ k/LIff lbO/x]sf] xndf a;]/ ul/Psf oL s'/fn] b]z / hgtfnfO{ s] pknlAw lbof] eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ cfkm}+ vf]hf}+ . o;sf cltl/Qm Tof] 3f]if0ffnfO{ ljGb' dfg]/ ;'? ul/Psf] elgPsf] sfdsf] Pp6f klg gd"gf 5}g .

oL aLrdf s]xL pNn]Vo sfd eP . >L % gjo'j/fh x[bo]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j ;/sf/sf] z'ecGgk|fzg, @*! cf}+ k[YjL hoGtL tyf Pstf lbj; ;df/f]x, cWofb]z dfkm{t\ ah]6nfO{ lg/Gt/tf ljt]sf] xKtfsf d'Vo sfd log} x'g\ . >L % gjo'j/fhsf] z'e hGdkl5 dlxgf k'Ub} hfbf cGgk|fzg gofF sfd jf df};"kmaf6 x's'd ePsf] h:tf] ;donfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ yflnPsf] gofF sfd xf]Og, To:t} k[YjLhoGtL / Pstf lbj; x/]s jif{ oxL lbg oxL ;dodf dgfpb} cfOg] ul/Psf] 5 eg] ah]6nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] cWofb]z klg Tof] dxfgjf0fLleqsf] sfd xf]Og eGg] lg/Gt/tf eGg] zAbn] g} hgfp5 . o;df s]xL gofF Joj:yfx? rflx+ ug{ g;lsg] lyPg h;nfO{ sfd ug{ yflnPsf] egL dfGg ;lsof];\ . t/ Tof] klg ePg o;sf cltl/Qm of] xKtf klg cb'jf jfnL pTkfbg sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6gb]lv uLlt Sof;]6 ljdf]rg;Ddsf sfd rflx+ e}/x] . oxL st} oxL xKtfsf] Pslbg ePsf pb\3f6gsf ljj/0f / ljifox? k9f}+ . Ps 7fpdf uP/ Ps hgf dGqL eG5g\— of] ;/sf/nfO{ dfcf]jfbL;+u jftf{ ug]{ Dof08]6 5}g, of] sfd rnfp ;/sf/ xf]– dGqL ab|Lgf/fo0f a:g]tsf] lj/f6gu/ efif0f . dfcf]jfbL;+u jft{f yflng} ;lsPsf] dfg] x'G5, csf]{dGqL gf/fo0fl;+x k'g lrtjgdf . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ uf]nL g} 7f]Sg' k5{ sf7df8f}+df ToxL lbg csf{ dGqL s'j]/ zdf{ . h;/L klxn] ;do ljTYof] of] xKtf klg ToxL s'/f eof] . Tof] dxfgjf0fLnfO{ cufl8 /fv]/ s;}n] sfd yfn]sf /x]5g\ eg] To;sf] gd"gf k|:tt' ul/of];\ . clxn];Dd tL sfd ;fj{hlgs txdf cfPsf 5}gg\ .

s;n] ;'? ug]{ <

dfly klg pNn]v ePsf] 5 sfdsf] ;'? ug]{ jf egf} v]/ u}/x]sf] ;donfO{ ;d]6]/ Oltxf;sf] k/LIff lbO/x]sf JolQmx? eg]sf ;Qfdf /x]sf g} x'g\ . af]n]/ sfdsf] ;'? x'Fb}g . Tof] yflng' k5{ . h:t} Psk6s kmnfgf] lbgsf] dWo/ftb]lv ljqmd 6]Dkf] rNb}g elgof], Tof] /f]lsof] . kmnfgf] lbgb]lv df]6/;fOsnsf] k5fl8 a:g] JolQmn] klg x]nd]6 nufpg'k5{ egL of] ToxL lbgb]lv Tof] nfu" eof] . t/ >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/af6 x's'd ePsf] v]/kmfNg] ;do gePsf] s'/fsf] yfngL rflx+ s'g lbgsf] s'g 38Lb]lv nfu" x'g] xf] eGg] cem} cGof}nd} 5 .

clxn] b]zdf >L % sf] k|ToIf zf;g 5 . >L % af6 k|ltlglw;ef gePsf] cj:yfdf / # jif{cl3sf] dxflgjf{rgdf g} k/flht ePsf JolQmnfO{ >L % af6 cfkm}+n] k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ul/aS;]kl5 tL k|wfgdGqL, dlGqkl/ifb\sf ;b:ox? lgo'Qm ug]{, l;kmfl/;stf{ ;d]tsf] x}l;ot gePsf] egL b/af/sf] lj1lKtaf6 g} hgfOPsf] cj:yfdf Tof] ;/sf/ k|ToIf ?kn] >L % k|lt hjfkmb]xL /xg' c:jfefljs xf]Og . ;/sf/ h;k|lt hjfkmb]xL x'G5, zf;g p;}sf] x'g] s'/f pNn]v ul//xg' kb}{g . clxn] jf:tjdf g} ;dov]/ kmfln/lxPsf] 5 . t/ of] s;af6 e}/x]sf] 5 eGg] rflx+ Tolts} cGof}ndf 5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfx?n] æls b]zsf] gful/s ;dfhn]Æ ls Joj;fo / ju{sf ;d'bfon] ls >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ls >L % n] cfkm}+ ;dov]/ kmflnP 5 eGg] k|Zgx? hlGdPsf 5g\ . oxfFg]/ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] >L % / >L % sf] ;/sf/n] grfx]df jf cg'dlt glbPdf >L % / >L % sf] ;/sf/ jfx]ssf s'g} bn, g]tf, ju{ l;+xb/afleq l5g{;Dd kfpb}g . ltgn] >L % af6 x's'd eP h:tf] ;do v]/ g kmfNg ug'{ kg]{ sfd s] xf] Tof] k|Zgleq of] csf]{ k|Zgsf] klg pQ/ vf]hf}+ . zf;g k|zf;geGbf aflx/ /x]sf] JolQm / ju{n] ug{ ;Sg] eg]sf] cfx\jfg dfq xf] h'g s'/f pgLx?n] ul/g} /x]sf 5g\ . t/ To;af6 ;dosf] ;b'kof]u u/]/ b]zsf] jt{dfg cj:yfn] s:tf] lgsf; kfp5 eGg] cfkm}+ k|i6 5 . of] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ubf{ jf egf}+ of] ;/sf/sf] k[i7e"lddf c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff x'Fbf >L % af6 x's'dePsf zAbx? o:tf lyP—

æ/fli6«otf, /fli6«o Pstf / ;fj{ef}ldstf arfpg, b]zdf zflGt / ;'/Iff sfod /fVg, b]znfO{ s'g} sf/0faf6 klg lau|bf] l:yltaf6 arfpg] lhDd]jf/L klg xfdLdf ePsfn]===Æ

>L % af6 o:tf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] !)& lbg lalt;s]sf 5g\ . Psk6 x]Ssf /fvf}+ of] 3f]if0ff ePkl5sf lbg tt\;DaGwL gofF sfd s] eP < To;sf] Ps xKtf kl5 >L % af6 o:tf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0fu/L jlS;of] . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] of] ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] klg 7\ofSs} ;o lbg laTof] . Tof] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f x'Fbf >L % af6 lbPsf kfFr j6f Dof08]6 cyf{t\ To;sf] d"n sfd egL tf]lsPsf dWo] of] cjlwdf >L % af6} lgld{t ;/sf/n] s'g} Pp6f;Dd k"/f ug'{ t k/} hfcf];\ yfngL;Dd u/]sf] 5 < b]zdf czflGtsf] d"n sf/0f dfcf]jfbL ultljlw xf] eGg] pNn]v ul//xg' kg]{ ljifo xf]Og . To;n] xltof/ lj;fpF5 ls la;fpFb}g, lx+;f 5f8\5 ls 5f8\b}g eGg] pdfly lge{/ /xg] s'/f xf] . ;/sf/n] To;sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ dfq xf] . lat]sf of] ;dodf To;tkm{ ;/sf/n] ;fwf/0f kxn;Dd u/]sf] 5 < of] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f x'Fbf >L % af6} of] ;/sf/n] /fli6«o ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{5 egL x's'd ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/sf lat]sf ;olbgdf ;/sf/n] To:tf] ;xdltsf nflu Psk6s;Dd k|of; u¥of] < ;olbgdf Psk6s klg ;j{bnLo a}7s 8flsPsf] sDtLdf of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ rflx+ hfgsf/L 5}g . k|wfgdGqL cfkm}+ l5§} 8fSg], oxL xKtfleq 8fSg] egL of] aLrdf To:tf] a}7ssf af/] 5–;ft 7fpFdf ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm lbO/xg'ePsf] 5 . t/ a}7s rflx+ 8flsPsf] 5}g . Tof] a}7s ljBdfg ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lbg slt ;Ifd x'GYof], ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr cf–cfkm\gf ljifox? ldNy] ls ldNb}glyP eGg] k|Zg 5'§} xf] . t/ sDtLdf Pp6f;Dd eP klg To:tf] a}7s t 8fSg ;lsGYof] . To;df /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] pkl:ylt hgfPgg\ eg] klg ;/sf/sf] lau|g]jfnf s]xL lyPg . ;/sf/n] grfx]sf] ljifodf lg0f{o x'g] cj:yf klg /xb}g / of] Psk6s 8flslbP k'Ug] k|s[ltsf] sfd lyof] . t/ olt sfd klg ePg eg] ;donfO{ s;n] s;/L v]/ kmfln/x]sf] 5 eGg] o;n] g} b]vfp5 . of] aLrdf /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] cf–cfkm\gf aLr cfwf bh{geGbf a9L To:tf] a}7s u/] . ltgn] cfkm"n] ug{ ;Sg] sfd oxL lyof] . t/ ;/sf/n] ug{ ;Sg] hlt / ug'{ kg]{ k|d'v bfloTj g} /x]sf] sfd klg lsg ul//x]sf] 5}g <

>L % k|lt ck]Iff

s'g} klg sfd ;DkGg x'gsf nflu To;sf] ;'?jft x'g}k5{ . v]/kmfNg] ;do g/x]sf] dx;'; ePkl5 ;DejtM >L % :jo+ cfkm}+ jf cfkm\gf] ;/sf/ dfkm{t\ ;do v]/ gkmfNg] sfdsf] ;'?stf{ xf]OaS;g g;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . dGqLx?n] / ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xdf cfkm"x? >L % k|lt g} hjfkmb]xL /x]sf] k|wfgdGqL / cfkm" >L % af6 g} dgf]lgt eOPsf] x'Fbf k|wfgdGqL / cfkm"x? ;dfg JolQmTj /x]sf] atfO/x]sf cj:yfdf >L % :jo+af6 ;do v]/ gkmfNg] cleofgdWo]sf pbfx/0f aGg] s'g} klg sfd yflnaS;g] ck]Iff Tof] 3f]if0fkl5sf lat]sf oL lbgdf ;a}n] u/]sf lyP . >L % af6 3f]if0ff ePsf s'g} s'/f ;a}sf nflu kfngf ug}{sf nflu x'G5g\ eGg] cfd gful/sdf ljZjf; x'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og . t/ sDtLdf clxn];Dd rflx+ To:tf] s]xL ePsf] kfOPg . To;f] eP of] ;Daf]wg ;QfeGbf aflx/ /x]sf h;sf] /fhsLo txdf s'g} kx'r / e"ldsf x'Fb}g tL JolQmsf nflu dfq xf] t eGg] k|Zg Tof] 3f]if0ff / To;kl5 To;} lat]sf ;]s]08 ldg]6 306f lbg / xKtfn] g} b]vfO/x]sf 5g\ . >L % af6 ;fj{hlgs txdf hf/L ePsf / df};"kmsf] cfkm\g} OR5faf6 k|s6 ePsf To:tf b[li6sf]0f / l:yltsf] d"Nofªsg o;/L cfkm}+ pk]lIft x'g yfn]kl5 >L % af6 hf/L ePsf] cGo k|ltj4tfdfly cfd gful/sn] k|Zg p7fP eg] /fhfsf] dxfgjf0fL r'gfj lhTg Pp6f pDd]bjf/n] hf/L u/]sf jrgj4tfeGbf slt leGg xf]nfg\ egL Ps csf{aLr s'/f ug{ yflnof] eg] dxfgjf0fL hlt;'s} dfld{s, x[bo:kzL{, ;do ;fk]If / j:t'l:yltsf] h:tf];'s} ;xL d"Nof+sgaf6 lg;[t eP klg To;sf] ul/df / jf]hgnfO{ g} Iflt k'¥ofpg] s'/f cfkm} k|i6 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ultljlw x]bf{ ;fFRr} g} ;do v]/ u}/x]sf] 5 . oxL v]/ u}/x]sf] ;doleq oxL b]zsf ;j{;fwf/0f lgbf]{if gful/ssf Hofg u'ld/x]sf 5g\ . :s"nsf] sIffdf k9fO/x]sf] Pp6f lzIfs ckxl/t ePsf] 5 . :s"ndf k9\g] * jifL{o aflnsfn] Hofg u'dfPsLb]lv Pp6f k"/} ufpsf gful/s lj:yflkt x'g'k/]sf] 5 . Pslbgdf !) hgfsf b/n] oxL lbgleq s'g} 5xf/L gePsf ul/a gful/ssf em08} ;ohlt afnaflnsfn] Hofg u'dfO;s]sf 5g\ . Tof] d[To' ;+Vof al9/x]sf] 5 . /fHon] ug'{kg]{ k|lt/IffTds sfddWo] o;aLr Pp6f;Dd ePsf] eGg] st} cfPsf] 5}g . /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;g 5, df};"km ;/sf/af6 of] l:yltsf] cjnf]sg klg e}/x]sf] 5 eGg] df};"kms} 3f]if0faf6 ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . t/ olt e};s]kl5 klg ;do rflx+ cToGt qm"/ eP/ dfG5]sf] Hofg} lnP/ lalt/x]sf] 5 eg] of] a]nf cfd gful/sn] >L % af6} 3f]if0ff ePsf] o:tf] qm"/ ?kdf t/ v]/ u}/x]sf] ;dosf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ yfNg' c:jfefljs xf]Og . vf;u/L sfo{sf/L txdf /x]sfx?n] st} klg ;dosf] clnslt Vofn gul//x]sf] a]nf df};"km ;/sf/af6 ;f] lbg ;fj{hlgs txdf o:tf] x's'd aS; x'g' ca rflx+ cGof}n d]6\g] tkm{ s]xL sfd yflnxflng]5 eGg] cfd gful/sn] cfzf ug'{ klg c:jfefljs xf]Og . t/ v}v]/ gkmflnPsf] ;dosf] If0f <

dGqL;+u slt ;do vfnL /x]5 <

k'; @* ut] cfOtaf/, >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/n] …v]/ kmfNg] ;do 5}gÚ egL ;a}nfO{ ;r]t u/fOaS;]sf] b;f}+ lbg xf] . ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug]{ ;Gbe{df To;sf] k"j{ tof/L ug{ oL lbg kof{Kt x'G5g\ . oxfF Tof] bzf}+ lbgsf] Pslbg dGqLx?n] s;/L ;do latfP5g\ eGg] pbfx/0f dfq lbg vf]lhPsf] xf] . of] lbg s'g} ;fj{hlgs ?kdf cf}krfl/s ;df/f]x x'g] lbg xf]Og . ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodn] lbPsf ljj/0fx? dfqnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . Pp6f pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf ;l/s x'g' eg]sf] Pp6f dGqLn] Tof] lbgsf] sDtLdf @ 306f ;do latfpg' xf] . cfpg] hfg] ;dosf] pNn]v oxfF ul/Pg . To;sf nflu vr{ x'g] ;fwg;|f]tsf] klg oxfF lx;fa ul/Psf] 5}g . /fhwfgL aflx/ hfFbf Ps dGqL;+u Go"gtd klg % hgfsf] ;d"x aGb5 . pb\3f6g qmddf aflx/ hfFbf w]/} dGqLx?n] x]lnsK6/ k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . of] lbg dGqLx?n] pb\3f6g ubf{ JoQm u/]sf s'/fx? klg To:t} kfOP . s'g ljifodf ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f s] xf] eGg] sDtLdf dGqLsf efif0fn] rflx+ emg\ cGof}n yk]sf ;f] lbgsf] ljj/0f x]l/of];\ . o:tf] pb\3f6g leGg ljefusf leGg dGqLx?n] u/]sf o;leqsf] csf]{ lrq xf] . s'g} klg Pslbg 5flgof] eg] ;/sf/sf dGqLx?sf k|To]s lbg o;/L g} lalt/x]sf kfOg]5 . Tof] ljbfsf] xf];\ ls Jo:ttfsf] pb\3f6g ;Gbe{df ;a}lbg o;/L g} lalt/x]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs gePsf pb\3f6gx?sf] ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 5'§}5 .

l cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqL gf/fo0fl;+x k'gaf6 du/x?sf] df3] ;+qmflGt e]nf pb\3f6g .

l cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqL gf/fo0fl;+x k'gaf6 cflbjf;L hghflt ;f+:s[lts tyf eflifs rnlrq ;fFemsf] pb\3f6g .

l cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqL gf/fo0fl;+x k'gaf6 g]kfn PsLs[t hghflt dlxnf ;+3 kl/ifb\sf] pb\3f6g .

l lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqL b]jLk|;fb cf]emfaf6 KofJ;gsf] ;ftf}+ lhNnf ;ef pb\3f6g .

l lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqL b]jLk|;fb cf]emfaf6 b"/ lzIff ;DaGwL 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g .

l lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqL b]jLk|;fb cf]emfaf6 …b s'df/LÚ gfds dfl;s klqsfsf] ljdf]rg .

l ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8ogdGqL s'j]/ zdf{af6 ;f+:s[lts dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g .

l ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqL s'j]/ zdf{af6 …t[i0ffÚ gfds sljtf ;+u|xsf] ljdf]rg .

l ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqL s'j]/ zdf{af6 bfh'sf] ;;'/fnL ufpF …uLlt Sof;]6Úsf] ljdf]rg .

l e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqL ab|Lgf/fo0f a:g]taf6 lj/f6gu/ h]l;hsf] kb:yfkg ;df/f]xsf] pb\3f6g .

l e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf, jg tyf e"–;+/if0f dGqLaf6 lj/f6gu/sf] cgfyfnodf cfof]lht sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g .

l afnaflnsf dlxnf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqL uf]/]axfb'/ vkfËLaf6 w/fgdf :yflkt Tof]cª;L l;l/~hË l;+x y]j]sf] k|ltdf cgfj/0f .

l hn;|f]t dGqL bLks 1jfnLaf6 g]kfn OlGhlgo;{ Pzf]l;Pzg n'lDagL If]qLo s]Gb|åf/f cfof]lht 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g .

l >d tyf oftfoft dGqL sdnk|;fb rf}nfufO{af6 gf/fo0fL c~rn oftfoft ;+3åf/f cfof]lht dGqLsf] :jfut sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g .

l s[lif tyf ;xsf/L, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL cyf{t\ pkk|wfgdGqL ab|Lgf/fo0f d08naf6 g]kfn 8]/L P;f]l;P;gsf] kfFrf} jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] pb\3f6g .

l e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf ;xfos dGqL k|sfz lrqsf/ kl/of/af6 kl/of/ ;]jf ;dfh sf:sLsf] k|yd lhNnf ;efsf] p\b3f6g .

l lzIff tyf v]ns'b ;xfos dGqL /jLGb| vgfnaf6 lhNnf lzIff sfof{no lrtjgn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/;Djfb sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g .

l lzIff tyf v]ns'b ;xfos dGqL /jLGb vgfnaf6 lzIffdf PrcfOeL P8\;sf] k|efj cWoog ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g .

l pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ ;xfos dGqL hutaxfb'/ u'?ªaf6 cb'jf pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g .

/fHodf Tof] Pslbg

dGqLx?n] pb\3f6g u/]sf] k'; @* ut] cfOtaf/sf] of] Ps lbgdf b]zdf rflx+ s] eof] t egL x]l/of] eg] ;fdfGo zLif{saf6} w]/} s'/f b]lvg]5 . ;f] lbg ePsf / ef]lnkN6 ;fj{hlgs ePsf 36gf / hfgsf/Lsf s]xL gd"gf zLif{s . /fHodf s] e}/x]sf] 5 eGg] oL ljleGg If]qsf gd"gf zLif{sx?n] ;DejtM w]/} s'/f b]vfpg] 5g\ . t/ /fHo ;+rfnsx?sf] ;do / Wofg rflx+ stf 5 eGg] oL klg gd"gf g} x'g ;Qm5g\ .

l sflt{sdf ;Nofgsf] Pp6f :s"naf6 ckxl/t ;ohgfeGbf a9L ljBfyL{nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;}Go tflnddf nufO/x]sf 5g\ .

l dfcf]jfbLåf/f ckxl/t ;Osf] nf; k|fKt, Pn8Lcf]sf] l:ylt c1ft .

l zLtnx/af6 dg]{x?sf] ;+Vof ^) . d'Qm sd}ofsf afnaRrfx? rL;f]df lagf 5xf/L a:g' kbf{ %) sf] d[To' . dg]{x?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} .

l h'Dnfdf ;'/IffsdL{x?sf] bogLo cj:yf ToxfF /fHosf] pkl:ylt jf:tjd} /x]g5 .

l c5fddf rf/ 306f le8Gt . le8Gt ePsf] 7fpdf yk ;'/Iff jn k'Ug g;Sbf l:ylt gfh's .

l dfcf]jfbLn] w'/Ls/ p7fpg yfn] . l;Gw'nL / /fd]5fksf k"/} lhNnf cft+lst .

l dfcf]jfbLsf 8/n] dfG5]x? k"/} ufpF 5f8]/ /ftf/ft lx+8\b} jL/]Gb|gu/;Dd cfOk'u] . afnaRrf af]Sb} gfË} v'§f ef/ttkm{ nfUg]sf] ;+Vof Pslbgd} kfFr xhf/ k'Ug yfNof] .

l ljwjfx?sf] ljhf]u b]lvg yfNof] . /fxt lbOPg .

l ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] 6]lnkmf]gdf wDsL lbg yfn]kl5 :yfgLo k|zf;gn] u|fdL0f e]usf ;a} 6]lnkmf]g nfOg sf6\of] .

l d'u'sf hgtfn] & dlxgfb]lv g'g b]Vg 5f8] . ;Dks{ k'n elTsPsf sf/0f o;f] ePsf] xf] .

l h'DnLx?n] cGgsf] bfgf b]Vg 5f8] . jemfª / afh'/fdf Jofks ef]sd/L . dfcf]jfbLn] n'6\g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] x'Fbf :yfgLo k|zf;gn] cGg cf];f/ k;f/df /f]s .

l ;ft dlxgfkl5 kfPsf] tnj dfcf]jfbLnfO{ rGbf .

l dfcf]jfbLn] skm\o'{ nufP/ k"/} ;b/d'sfddf rGbf c;'n .

l ;nf{xLdf Ps} /ftdf !) 3/df n'6 .

l 5fkfdf/x?n] n}Hffg] 8/n] l;Gw'nLsf hgtf pd]/ gk'uL 5f]/L sf] ljjfx ug{ jfWo .

l ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\sf] af]8{ gjgfOPsf sf/0f ah]6 kfl//t ePg . ;a} sfo{qmd :ylut .

l :jf:Yosf P3f/ ;o sd{rf/L lgodsf] cefjdf ljrNnLdf .

l :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf Ps bh{g cfof]hgf cnkq .

l >L % dxf/fhflw/fh tyf >L % j8fdxf/fgL ;/sf/sf] gful/s clegGbg ug{ g]kfnu~hdf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd  e"tk"j{ dGqLåf/f pb\3f6g .

l tf/] xf]6]nnfO{ @% s/f]8 /fxt lbg ;/sf/ tof/ .

dgsf] uf“7f]
aGb g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf] t <

6+sk|;fb rf}nfufO+{

l;+uf] b]znfO{ Pp6f 3/ ;/x Pp6f s'g} ;d"xn] lglZrt p2]Zo k"lt{sf nflu lglZrt tyf ;DalGwt If]q aGb eg]kl5 Tolt If]q aGb, cfh x8\tfn eg] kl5 x8\tfn, cfh g]kfn aGb eg]kl5 g]kfn aGb, cem b'O{ lbg g]kfn aGb eg]kl5 b'O{lbg] aGb / tLg lbg g]kfn aGb eg]kl5 tLg lbg} aGb of] eok"0f{ jftfj/0f s] sf nflu / slxn];Dd < o; ljifodf rf;f] /fVg] s;n] < hgtfn] < ;/sf/n] < jf s;n] <

cfhsf] of] cj:yfdf cfOk'Ubf g]kfn /fhg}lts b[li6sf]0faf6 w]/} kLl8t 5 . /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cfk;L cGt/snxaf6 of] e'kl/j]li6t /fi6« cljsl;t / ul/aLsf] /]vfaf6 ;u/dfyf r9\b}5 . ljleGg /fhg}lts bnx?sf] zf]if0faf6 kLl8t x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ljutsf jif{x?af6 dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] 68\sf/f] ;d:of em]Ng'k/]sf] 5 . cft+s / Wj+;fTds ultljlw;+u;+u} aGb / x8\tfnsf ultljlw klg cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf lqmofsnfkx? ePkl5 of] b]z ljsf;zLn /fi6«df slxn] ulgg] < dfcf]jfbL / To;;+u ;dly{t ljleGg ;d"xx?n] ug]{ u/]sf x8\tfn / aGbsf lqmofsnfkx?af6 hgtf t k/} hfpg clxn]sf] ;/sf/ klg h;f]t;f] s;n] a9L eGbf a9L lbg;Dd ;/sf/ l6sfpg] eGg]tkm{ nlIft ePsf] 5 . s] sf/0fx?n] ubf{ To:tf lqmofsnfkx? eO/x]sf 5g\, To;tkm{ ljrf/zLn ePsf] 5}g . cfd To:tf ;d"xx?n] a9LeGbf a9L / dxTjk"0f{ lbgx?df aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ clxn]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;Lw} r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ;d]t lglZrt lgsf; lbg g;Sg] of] aGb / x8\tfnsf lbgx?df ;j{;fwf/0fn] s] lgsf; lbg] < / s;/L cfkm\gf Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx? cufl8 a9fpg] <

k|foh;f] aGbsf lbgx?df ;/sf/L z}lIfs ;+:yf nufot ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nox? klg aGb /xG5g\ eg] lghL :t/sf Jofj;flos ;+:yfx? / z}lIfs ;+:yfx? s] cfwf/df ;+~rfng ug]{, ha ;/sf/n] t aGbsf lj?4 sbd rfNg ;s]sf] 5}g eg] ;j{;fwf/0fn] s;/L To;sf la?4 sbd rfNg ;S5g\ < ;/sf/L sfof{nosf ;jf/L ;fwgx? klg cfkm\gf gDa/ Kn]6 5f]k]/ k|]; n]v]/ jf ;'/Iff uf8{ /fv]/ ;~rfng ug]{ ul/Psf] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . lghL:t/df ;jf/L ;fwg rNg] t s'g} ePg, t/ st}–st} k;nx? eg] cfwf vf]Ng] / cfwf aGb ug]{ cw{ v'Nnfsf] cj:yfdf v'Ng] ub{5g\ . aGb eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 b'O{ rf/ lbg cufl8 g} x'G5 Joj;foLx? / ;jf/L rfnsx? cf–cfkm\gf] 3/tkm{ nfUg] u/]sf 5g\ . 3/ kms{g gEofPsf ;jf/L rfnsx? eg] cfkm\gf] ;jf/Lsf] g+= 5f]k]/ jf gDa/ Kn]6 lgsfn]/ ;jf/L rnfpg] ub{5g\ . o;af6 b'3{6gf ePsf] klg b]lvPsf] 5 .

cGof}ntf / ;DjfbxLgtf d'n'sn] wfGg ;Sb}g

s[i0f kf}8]n

;+;bLo /fhgLltdf cfPsf ljleGg ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$&, sf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf] afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] gfddf hf/L ePsf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 ljsl;t /fhgLlts cGof}ntfsf] afwf slxn] / s;/L km'Sg] olsg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . zfxL 3f]if0ff cfkm+}df 7Ls–j]7Ls, ;fGble{s–c;fGble{s, ;+j}wflgs–c;+j}wflgs s] lyof] < o;sf] ax; / pQ/ vf]Hg] qmd hf/L /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ u7g k|lqmof a]7Ls xf] eGg] 7DofO w]/}sf] /x]sf] 5 . /fhfaf6 ;/sf/ u7g ul/+bf lbOPsf % lhDd]jf/Lx? # dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg s'g} klg lhDd]jf/Lsf] Ps cfgf klg k"/f gx'g' ck;f]rsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ pk]Iff ul//xg], s'g} klg ljifodf ;Dafb gul/g], /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ ljjfbf:kb agfpg], cfkm\gf] :jfy{l;l4sf nflu kf6L{x?nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] / lg/+s'ztfsf] k"jf{Eof; ug]{ k|oTgx?nfO{ ;+j]bgzLn aGg]eGbf klg ax'bnLo k|hftGq, /fhgLlts bnx? / ltgsf g]tfx?nfO{ wf/]xft nufpg] ;Qf];/fk ug]{tkm{ a9L s]lGb|t 5g\ . /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ lr9\ofP/ ;/sf/ :jfyL{ hdftsf] cf8df hgtfsf] dfem clegGbgsf lglDt /fhf k'Ug'n] /fhgLltdf sv/f hfGg] ;d]t crlDdt ePsf 5g\ . clxn];Ddsf /fhfsf] sbd, ;/sf/L sfo{z}nLn] d'n'sdf ;'wf/sf] ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g, a? d'n'sdf ljBdfg åGå cem a9]sf], lg/+s'ztf / k|ltudgsf] gsf/fTds ;+zo cem 3lge"t ePsf] 5 .

clxn] klg d'n'ssf k|d'v /fhgLlts ;+;bLo kf6L{x? /fhfnfO{ dfg]/ hfg] kIfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . /fhgLlts kf6L{x?;+usf] ;xdlt / ;xsfo{df /fhf ;asf ;femf aGg] cj:yf cem} klg ljBdfg 5 . /fhf clxn] klg zlQmdf /x]sf] / d'n'ssf] /fHo Joj:yfsf] cu'jfO{ /fhfaf6} eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;xdlt / ;xsfo{sf] sfo{lbzf lgdf{0fdf /fhfsf] e"ldsf / kxn lg0ff{os / dxTjk"0f{ x'g] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqk|lt cufw ljZjf; hfx]/ ug]{ t/ ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf ;Dafxs /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] pkl:yltnfO{ cj1f ug]{ / ;Dafbaf6 ljd'v /xg] s'/fn] ljZjf;k"0f{ jftfj/0f alnof] aGg ;Sb}g . /fhf / /fhgLlts kf6L{aLr åGå rsf{pg], kmf6f] / b'/L a9fP/ d'n'snfO{ cGt/lj/f]wsf] bn–bndf km;fpg], k|hftGqnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ gsf/fTds lrhx?sf] sf/vfgfsf] ?kdf ;fljt ug]{, ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x? / g]tfx?nfO{ a]js'km b]vfP/ cfkm"nfO{ ;fw' ;fljt ug]{ sfo{df g]kfnL cfdfsf sn+lst sk'tx?n] cEof; ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfh ljZj k|hftflGqs cEof;lt/ cl3 al9/x]sf] a]nf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lg/+s'ztfsf] ;+sL0f{ bfo/fdf aGbL agfpg] lgs[i6 of]hgfsf/x? /fhfnfO{ k|hftGqsf] xTof ug{ pS;fO/x]sf 5g\ . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ dfq}sf] ljb||f]xnfO{ ;d]t ;a} zlQm nfUbf ;dfwfg ug{ g;Sg] kl/l:yltdf ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?, ;a} ;+3–;+u7gx? / gful/s ;d'bfo, zlQm s]Gb|x?nfO{ Psflt/ k~5fP/ PSnf] jL/ aGg] k|oTg eg]sf] cGttf]uTjf cfkm\g} ;dflKtsf] uf]/]6f] sf]g'{ l;jfo c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .

;a} /fhgLlts bnx? / g]tfx?sf] k5fl8 hgtf 5}gg\ eGg]x?n] Pdfn] / sf+u|];af6 d'n'sel/ ePsf hg;ef / ¥ofnLx?af6 s]xL g s]xL hjfkm t kfPs} xf]nfg\ . km]l/ klg hgtf / /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ lh:Sofpg] k|oTg gu/] x'G5 . ;}GozlQmsf] cf8df b'lgofFnfO{ cfkm\gf] bf; 7fGg]x?n] Oltxf;nfO{ PskN6 kms]{/ x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . lx6n/sf] nf]slk|otf / ktg, ?;L hf/x?sf] b'b{zf, g]ljg / dfsf]{;sf] ktgsf] sf/0fsf] k'g/fj[lQ x'Fb} t 5}g . hgtfsf] gh/af6 lug]{ qmd ;'? ePsf] 5 / of] qmdnfO{ a]n}df lg?k0f ul/Pg eg] /5\ofgdf km\ofFlsPsf] Oltxf; k'g/fj[lQ x'g oxfF sltj]/ nfUg] 5g\ . hgtfn] clxn] klg s]jn zflGt rfx]sf 5g\, /fhgLlts zlQm s]Gb|x? ldn]/ hL0f{ ag]sf] d'n'snfO{ ;xsfo{sf] dfWodaf6 k'glg{df0f{df h'6'g\ eGg] rfx]sf 5g\ .

nfdf] ;do;Dd cGof}ntf l6Sg klg ;Sb}g . ;DafbxLgtfn] s;}sf] enf] ub}{g . d'n'sdf al9/x]sf] cGof}ntf, lbzfljxLgtf / csd{0otfn] d'n'ssf] eljio g} cGwsf/ agfO;s]sf] 5 . of] qmd a9\b} hfg] xf] eg] ca d'n'ssf] /fli6«otf;d]t l6Sg ;Sb}g . To;}n] c;f]h !* sf] 36gf k5fl8 /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr ;'? ePsf] 6s/fjnfO{ la;f{pg' k¥of] . g]kfnL hgtfsf] clei6 ag]sf] ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] unf /]6\g ul/Psf k|oTgx?sf] cGTo x'g'k¥of] . d'n'sdf b]lvPsf] hgk|ltlglwljxLgtfnfO{ tf]8\gsf lglDt hgtfsf k|ltlglw /fhgLlts bnx?;+u ;xsfo{ / ;Djfb ;'? ul/g' k¥of] . /fhgLlts bnx? klg cfkm"af6 eP–u/]sf uNtL–sdhf]/Lx?k|lt cfTd;dLIff u/]/ cl3 a9\g ;+/rgf Wj:t ug]{ kl/kf6L{{ 5f8]/ jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] cledtaf6 cg'df]lbt eO zlQmdf :yflkt x'g] k|oTgdf nfUg'k¥of] .

– af/f

sf+u|]; ljefhg M tLtf] oyfy{

a'l4 clwsf/L

ha d'n'sdf u+eL/ r'gf}tLx? b]vf kg{ yfNb5g\ ta g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] kf/f] tfltg] u5{, ha /fi6« k|ltudgsf/Lx?sf] cfqmd0fdf klg yfNb5, ta g]kfnL sf+u|]; g} cfqmfds x'g yfNb5 . cflv/ lsg < of] b]z eofjx r'gf}tL ;fd' o'4 ug]{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; dfq} < cGo bnx?sf] e"ldsf of] dfg]df gkg]{ xf] / < g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tfx? ;fd' Jofks wDsLx? cfpg' kg]{, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{? g} lbgfg'lbg sfl6g' kg]{, pgLx?sf nflu ;fdfGo hLjgofkg ug{ klg sl7g ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{, cflv/ lsg < s;sf nflu pgLx? hLjg jlnbfg ug{ tof/ x'G5g\ <

dfcf]jfbL ;d:of /fhg}lts ;d:of g} /x]sf] 7x/ u/L g]kfnL sf+u|];n] o;sf] lg/fs/0f klg /fhg}lts lx;fjn] jftf{ / ;+jfbåf/f x'g'kb{5 eGg] wf/0ff :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 ;'? eP otf /fi6«n] ef}lts ?kdf 7"nf] Iflt Joxf]/]sf] 5 . h;sf] sf/0fn] c;+Vo g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{x?n] ;d]t jL/ult k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] tTsfn lg/fs/0f ul/g'k5{ eg]/ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] y'k|} k6s ;j{bnLo a}7sx?df cfkm\gf wf/0ff :ki6 ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] tTsfn jftf{sf lgldQ dfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 o'4lj/fd ug{ ;d]t cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

:yfkgfsfnb]lv g} g]kfnL sf+u|];leq cfGtl/s dtdtfGt/ x'g] u/]sf x'g\ / h'g s'/f klxn] ;fdfGo g} dflgG5 . /fi6« / hgtfk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] cleef/f Pj+ bfloTjnfO{ sb/ ub}{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; uf]nj4 x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . t/ xfn cfP/ b]pjf v]dfsf] h'g sf+u|]; ljefhgsf] tfTko{ b]lvPsf] 5, of] jt{dfg cfj/0fdf Ps b[li6sf]0fn] plrt klg lyof] . kf6L{sf] ;+:yfkg Pj+ g]t[TjnfO{ cdfGo wDsL lbg], j}rfl/s 5nkmndf xf]Og ljefhgnfO{ g} ;'wf/sf] s]Gb| ljGb' 7fGg], e|i6 Pj+ t:s/L g]tfx?nfO{ kf6L{n] sfo{jfxL cl3 a9fpbf g]t[TjnfO{ uEeL/ r'gf}tL lbg] h'g lsl;dsf b]pjf v]dfdf b]lvPsf lqmofsnfkx? 5g\, oL jf:tjd} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] l;4fGt, gLlt, cfbz{ ljk/Lt 5g\ . o:tf lqmofsnfk cfdhgtf Pj+ sf+u|];k|lt k|lta4 JolQmx?sf nflu clt b'vb\ Pj+ clk|o /x]sf 5g\ . ;+s6sfn ;DaGwL ljifonfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ kf6L{ ljefhg ug]{ h'g b':;fx; u/] of] :jR5 5lj JolQmTj Pj+ e|i6aLr ePsf] ‘lkmN6«]6’sf] ?kdf lng'k5{ .

– ?b|k'/– $ ?kGb]xL

kl/qmdf
;b\u'0ff, ;bfrf/ / ;Rrl/qtf M xfd|f] rf;f]

uf]s'nk|;fb zdf{

dxfTdf ufGwLsf] k"/f gfpF xf]— df]xgbf; x/drGb ufGwL -hGd ;g\ !*^(, d[To' ;g\ !($*_ Psflt/ pgL cfTd;+od, cfTdTofu, cfWoflTdstf, ;To–bz{g, clx+;f, dfgj–;]jfh:tf cfbz{x?sf pHhjn k|tLs lyP eg] csf]{lt/ :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, /fli6«otf / dfgjjfbsf kfZrfTo ljrf/x?sf ;dy{s lyP . c:k[Zotf–lgjf/0f pgsf] lgs} ?lrs/ ljifo lyof] . pgsf] egfO lyof]— c:k[Zotfsf] pGd"ng ePkl5 g} d'n'sdf Pp6f :j:y k/Dk/fsf] yfngL x'g]5 . pgsf] To; dxfg ljrf/n] k|]l/t hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] efun] pgsf] ;dy{g u/L pgnfO{ h'g;'s} cj:yfdf x/t/xn] ;xof]u ug]{ jrg lbPsf] lyof] . To;}n] hfltkfltsf] e]befj 36\b} uof] . pgn] dlxnfx?nfO{ klg /fli6«o cfGbf]ngdf efu lng cfdlGqt u/] . o;af6 dlxnfx?sf] pTyfgsf nflu pgLx?df JofKt cg]s k|sf/sf s'k|yfx?nfO{ /f]Sg hfu?stf pTkGg eof], h:tf]— kbf{k|yf, bfOhf]k|yf, afnljjfx, ax'kTgL–ljjfx . ljwjfsf] k'glj{jfxdf /f]sfj6 klg pgsf] Pp6f plrt / k|ultzLn kfOnf 7xl/of] . ufGwLhLsf] o; ;fxl;s sbdaf6 dlxnfju{ nfeflGjt eof] g}, o;sf ;fy} k'?ifju{n] ;d]t o; k|sf/sf] ;dof]lrt kfOnfsf] k"0f{ ;dy{g u/L ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug]{ k|0f u¥of] . kl/0ffd:j?k cab]lv xl/hgx?sf] klg cGo gful/sx?em}+ ;dfg clwsf/ k|fKt u/] / pgLx?sf] kof{Kt pGglt eof] .

dxfTdf ufGwLn] lzIffsf] ljsf; ug{ klg ljz]if rfv lnP . pgsf] egfO lyof]— ;d'lrt lzIff a]u/ sf]xL klg k"0f{ dfgj x'g ;Sb}g . jt{dfg lzIffgLltk|lt 3f]/ c;Gt'li6 k|xf/ u/L lzIffdf cfd"n kl/jt{g x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf pgn] hf]8 lbP . To;}n] pgn] ;g\ !(#& df ‘a]l;s lzIff’ gfpFsf] gofF lzIff–of]hgf /fi6«sf ;fd' k|:t't u/] . o:tf] lzIffsf] cfwf/ a]l;s x:tsnf xf] . To;nfO{ dft[efiffsf] dfWodaf6 nfu" ul/of] . o;df ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfTdlge{/tf, gful/stf, clx+;f, hfltkfltsf] e]befjaf6 d'lQm / :jtGqtfsf cfbz{sf] lzIff lbg yflnof] . o;af6 of]Uo gful/sx?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uof] .

dfbs kbfy{sf] /f]syfdsf nflu klg ufGwLhL k|oTgzLn lyP . b'Jo{;gLx? s'ntaf6 d'St geP;Dd / dfbs kbfy{sf] k|rf/ / k|;f/ k"0f{?kn] aGb geP;Dd b]zn] c;n gful/s kfpg ;Sb}g eGg] ;f]rL pgn] dfbs kbfy{sf] lgdf{0f, vl/b / laqmLnfO{ aGb u/fpg ;g\ !(@^ df pgsf] g]t[Tjdf cfGbf]ng rNof] . ;g\ !(#& df sf+u|];L dlGqd08nn] To;nfO{ /fhsLo ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] Pp6f c+u dfg]/ sfd u¥of] . xfn;Dd klg ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L If]qdf of] cfGbf]ng rNb} cfPsf] 5 .

dxfTdf ufGwLsf d'Vo ljrf/wf/fx?nfO{ afx|} dlxgfdf o;/L cfa4 ul/Psf] 5M hgj/L— zflGt aflx/sf] a:t'af6 k|fKt x'Fb}g . of] dflg;sf] dgleqsf] j:t' xf] . cDdnn] dflg;nfO{ vfOlbG5 . xfdLx?n] ;f]r]/ g/fd|f afgLnfO{ TofUg'k5{ . ;a} dflg;x?n] cfkm\gf] wd{sf] kfng u/]df sf]xL klg b'MvL /xg] 5}g . z'4 x[boaf6 lg:s]sf] jrg slxNo} lgikmn x'Fb}g . km/a/L— s;}sf] pkxf/ dfUg' cfkm\gf] :jtGqtf a]Rg' xf] . d[To'b]lv lsg t;{g' Û d[To'kl5 ls hGd 5, ls df]If . afFRg' eg]sf] df]h ug'{ xf]Og, O{Zj/sf] cf/fwgf ug'{ / dfgjhfltsf] ;]jf ug'{ xf] . k'?if / dlxnf eg]sf] d"ne"t ?kdf Pp6} cfTdf xf] / pgLx? Pscsf{sf] k"/s x'g\ . bf]if cb[Zo x'Fb}g . of] t dflg;sf] cg'xf/df n]lvPsf] x'G5 . dfr{— w}o{ / zflGtaf6 h] klg x'g ;S5 . ;To / clx+;faf6 s;}sf] Iflt x'Fb}g . clk|n— d[To'nfO{ s;} u/L klg 6fg{ ;lsGg . grflx+bf] vfFrf] a9fpg' kfkh:t} xf] . cfbz{/lxt dflg; axgfa]u/sf] 8'·fh:t} xf] . xfdLx? ;a}df bf]if 5 . bf]ifd'Qm x'g' xfd|f] wd{ xf] . dO{— s;}df bf]if b]Vg' / s;}sf] Gofo ug'{ xfd|f] sfd xf]Og . xfdLx? b'i6 dflg;nfO{ Tofuf}+ t/ b'i6tfnfO{ lwSsfg{ ;+sf]r gu/f}+ . h"g– d/]kl5 /fd|f] k''?if / dlxnf /fd|f] nfUb}g . ;To;+unfO{ kf/;dl0f 7fg]/ To;sf] af:gf lng'k5{ . h'nfO{— k|]dn] slxNo} cfkm\gf] efu rfxFb}g . To;}n] ln+b}g, ;bf lbG5 dfq . cu:t— cfkm\gf] vfFrf]eGbf a9L wg hDdf kfg'{ rf]/L xf] . l/; p7]df r'k nfUg'k5{ / /fdgfd hk]/ To;nfO{ x6fOlbg'k5{ . l;tDa/— 1fgsf] clGtd nIo rl/qlgdf{0f x'g'k5{ . k|To]s s'/fsf] b'O{ cy{ x'g ;S5— klxnf] ;+sL0f{ / bf];|f] Jofks . cS6'a/— cfTd/Iff k|To]s dflg;sf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ xf] . gf]e]Da/— /fd / /fj0f lxt / clxtsf zlQmx?sf dfem ;j{bf rNg] em}emu8fsf k|tLs x'g\ . h;df st{Jo -sd{, lhDd]jf/L_ 5}g, p;sf] xs 5}g . cyf{t\ ;Dk"0f{ xs cfkm\gf st{Jodf lg:sG5 . lb;Da/— xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf sfddf cfTdljZjf; x'g'k5{ . dxfef/t t dfgjhfltsf] ;gftg Oltxf; xf] . of] t /Tgsf] vfgL xf] .

ljZjsf] lje"lt x'g' dfgj hLjgsf] ;f}efUo xf] . o:tf] ;f}efUo lj/n} k|fKt x'G5 . dxfTdf ufGwL o:t} Pp6f lje"lt lyP . ef/tsf] s] s'/f], ;+;f/s} dflg;x? pgnfO{ lrG5g\ . pgL cfw'lgs o'usf dxfg\ JolQm, ;j{>]i7 g]tf / o'uk'?if lyP . pgsf] hGd cflZjg s[i0f !@ ;+jt\ !(@% -cS6f]a/ @, !*^( O:jL_sf lbg kf]/aGb/ -;'bfdfk'/L_df ePsf] lyof] . pgsf a'afsf] gfpF s/drGb ufGwL / cfdfsf] gfpF k'tnL afO{ lyof] . dxfTdf ufGwLsf] hLjgsf d'Vo sfd lyP— lxGb'–d'l:nd Pstf, h'g–sfg'g–e+u, ljb]zL j:qsf] alxisf/ / c5'tf]åf/ . o; cltl/Qm pgn] u/]sf] cGo dxTjk"0f{ / pkof]uL sfdx?sf] n]vfhf]vf 5}g . pgL ;f/f dfgj ;dfhnfO{ Pp6} s'6'Da 7fg]/ ;a}sf] pGgltsf nflu pgn] cfkm\gf] ;j{:j ;dlk{t u/] . pgsf] cfbz{ hLjg ;a}sf nflu plQs} k|]/0ffbfoL 5 .

o:tf lyP— ;b\u'0f, ;bfrf/ / ;Rrl/qtfsf k|tLs dxfTdf ufGwL -afk"_ .

k+|ltWjlg

k~rtGq 5flkg] sfd xf];\

utf+s !( k';df ljdz{sf] kl/qmdf :tDedf k|sflzt ‘/fhfsf] 5f]/fnfO{ k~rtGqsf] 1fg’ zLif{s n]vaf6 8f= b'uf{ kf]v/]nn] k7fpg' ePsf] sf];]nL ltnsf] 5f]k / £o" xfn]sf] bfn h:t} dL7f] nfu]/ ;a} kf7sn] Tof] sf];]nL rfVg lj;{g' ePsf] eP vf]h]/} rfVg' xf]nf eGg] ;Nnfx lbG5' .

pxfFnfO{ 8fS6/ ePsf]df wGojfb lb+b} Tof] k~rtGqsf] kfFr} efu k'gM k|sflzt 5 ls 5}g < / Tof] kfFr} efu k|ltjlGwt lyof] /] clxn] s] 5 < k]zfn] gsdL{ ePtf klg @) jif{ klxn] vf]kf;Lsf Ps ldqn] efu ! æk~rtGq syf d'vd\Æ n'sfP/ k9\g', Tof] k|ltjlGwt 5 eg]/ lbPsf lyP . b'O{ lbg x]/]/ lkmtf{ u/]sf] lyPF . To;sf] Ps :nf]s o:tf] lyof] .

pk|mf]; rgf hlt;'s} kl/tfk jZo

;Sb}g kmf]g{ e/;]ln s;} cjZo .

clxn] of] b]zsf lgxTyf gful/sx? ToxL rgfsf u]8f em}+ xfF8Lleq hlQ k666 u/] klg e'l6g' afx]s c? s] kf] ug{ ;S5g\ < g sK6]/f ;dfpg]n] rfx]h:tf] e'6]s} 5g\ . csf]{ Ps k':ts @)!) ;fnlt/ cfnf]a'l4d} k9]sf] lyP+, Tof] lstfjsf] gfd lyof] æpkb]z d~h/LÆ . d]/f]bfHo'n] NofP/ dnfO{ lbg' ePsf] lyof] . Tof] klg k|ltjlGwt lyof] c/] . To;}sf] csf]{ ?k æpkb]z rGb|snfÆ lg:s]sf] lyof] . ck"j{ 1fg e08f/ lyof] . To:sf] klg clGtd Znf]s o:tf] lyof] .

>L /fdl;+x g[kb]lv v';L u/fO{

;fFrf] eg]/ kl5af6 k¥of] lgSng'

;fFrf] em'6f] klg ljrf/ u/]/ af]Ng'

o'lwli7/ gfdsf] Ps s'dfnn] lgwf/df 7"nf] vt ePsf]n] hflu/df 7"n} kb kfPsf] lyof] . p:sf 7"nf7"nf k'?iffy{ b]v]/ /fhf /fdl;+xn] ;f]w]+– ltdL t Hofb} ;fx;L axfb'/ /fhf / b]zeQm /x]5f} . ltd|f] lgbf/sf] vt s]n] nfu]sf] < pgn] ‘ufu|f]sf] vj6fn] sf6]sf] xf]’ eGgf;fy unxTofP/ lgsflnPsf lyP . To:t} pbfx/0f oxfF /fi6« a}+ssf k"j{ ueg{/ sNof0fljqmd clwsf/L, /fheQm b]zeQm lgisn+s eP/ klg Ps ca{ 8n/ sf08af6 b]znfO{ e8\vfnf]df kg'{af6 arfPs} sf/0fn] pN6f] cf/f]k nufP/ unxTofOPsf lyP . oL b'a}yl/ lstfj h'g k':tsfnodf eP klg vf]h]/ Tof] b'a} k':tsnfO{ k'gM k|sfzg u/fpg] tkm{ kxn s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 < s[kof, oxL ljdz{af6 kf7s ;dIf hfgsf/L lbg'xf]nf .

–/fdxl/ ‘afh]’ lab'/, ( lqz'nL

xfd|f] hfoh s'/f xTs]nfn] af]Sg] k|oTg gxf];\

s]xL jif{ cufl8 dfq} ljZj a}+ssf] ;xof]udf pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfåf/f s/f]8f}+ /sdsf] nufgLdf lgdf0f{ ul/Psf Cambridge Oxford University sf emns lbg] ejgx? s] sf nflu agfOPsf x'g\ < tL ejgx?df hl8t cTofw'lgs pks/0f tyf k|of]uzfnf s:sf nflu /flvPsf x'g\ < oltsf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgdf0f{, >f]t / ;fwgx?sf] ;'ljwf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;DalGwt lgsfox?af6 egf{ ;+Vof a[l4sf nflu lsg ;Defjgfsf 9f]sfx? v'nfpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5}g < d'n'sdf cfd'n kl/jt{g cfP/ ljZjljBfnosf] z}lIfs If]qdf w]/} ptf/–r9fj cfpFbf klg lsg b'O{ bzs cufl8b]lv sfod ul/Psf egf{ ;+VofnfO{ dfq} lnP/ d]/} uf]?sf] afx|} 6Ssf egL h+uaxfb'/ z}nLdf k|:t't eP/ s:sf] nflu tfj]bf/L ul/Psf] 5 < o;sf] pQ/ ;a}n] kfpFg}k5{ .

xfd|f dfux?nfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/, xfd|f] ;bfzotfnfO{ sfo{/t ;Dem]df, xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf] cfwLa]x/LnfO{ xTsnfn] 9fs5f]k ug]{ b':;fx; ul/Pdf, ljBfyL{ xs lxt / clwsf/sf nflu g]=lj=;+3, lq=lj= ;ldlt h:tf];'s} hf]lvdk"0f{ sbdx? rfNg klg kl5 gx6\g] s'/f ;DalGwt lgsfox?df cjut u/fpFb5f}+ .

–eLd >L; -;lrj_ g]=lj=;+3, lq=lj= ;ldlt

;+:yfglt/ klg sbd a9fpg' k¥of]

clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg P]g @)%( nfu" eP kl5 o; cfof]un] rfn]sf] e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL ;fxl;s cleofgnfO{ /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o If]q nufot ;j{;fwf/0fn] :jfutof]Uo dfg]sf 5g\ . o;df s;}sf] b'O{dt 5}g . cWoog g} gu/L s]jn gSsnL k|df0fkq k]z u/L pRr cf]xbf wf/0f u/L lbg /ft e|i6frf/ u/L cs't ;DklQ sdfO/x]sf 5g\ . tL gSsnL k|df0fkq k]z u/L ;/sf/L ;]jf nufot ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdf sfd ug]{ pk/ clVtof/ b'?kof]usf] sfd sf/jfxL klg plQs} ;fxl;s / dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ .

oxL qmddf l6Da/ skf]{/]zgsf cf7f}+ txsf e|i6 sd{rf/L /fdrGb| e§sf] klg :gfts txsf] ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]zaf6 ;g\ !(*@ df lnPsf] ;dfhzf:q tkm{sf] ;d]t lgoldt tkm{sf] k|fKt k|df0fkq lgjf{w ?kdf gSsnL 5 . o; ljifodf ;Ddflgt cfof]udf ph'/L ;d]t gk/]sf] xf]Og . lghn] ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]zaf6 ;g\ !(*@ df k|fKt u/]sf] lgoldt tkm{sf] pk/f]Qm ljifosf] :gfts txsf] k|df0fkqsf] ljifodf lgDg sf/0fn] gSsnL 5g\ .

lgoldt tkm{sf] cWoog ubf{ To; ;dodf /fdrGb| e§ jg ;b[9Ls/0f cfof]u emfkfdf ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/L sfd ul//x]sf lyP eg] s;/L lgoldt tkm{sf] kl/IffyL{ eO{ :gfts txsf] k|df0fkq lng ;Ifd eP < /fdrGb| e§n] :gfts txsf] ;dfhzf:qsf] rfl/lqs k|df0fkqsf] ldlt klxn]sf] 5 eg] dfsl;{6sf] ldlt k5fl8sf] 5 . lgoldt dfs{l;6sf] ldlt klxn] / To;kl5 rfl/lqs k|df0fkq lng' kg]{ xf] . To:t}, skf]{/]zgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|df0f kq -z}lIfs of]Uotf_ 5fglag u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ jg dGqfnosf pk;lrj nf]sbz{g /]UdLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t ;ldltn] klg lgh e§sf] gSsnL k|df0fkq pk/ vf;} cg';Gwfg u/]g . lghn] pk;lrj /]UdLnfO{ ljleGg k|nf]eg b]vfO{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf lng ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . t;y{ o;sf] oyfy{ 5fglag xf];\ eGg] xfd|f] rfxgf 5 .

– 6L=;L=Pg=df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?

lbJof]kb]z

á a'9f d/} efiff ;/} elg eG5g\, ltdLx? ;a} 5]p ;'gfOuofsf] eof tD/f ;GtfgnfO{ ;'gfpnf / tD/f ;Gtfgn] xfD/f ;GtfgnfO ;'gfpg / of] /fh] yfld kfgg\ M ..

á pk|fGt .. of] /fh] b'O{ 9'+ufsf] t?n h:tf] /x]5 .

á pk|fGt .. b];sf dfxfhg\nfO{ uf]8k|;fxb]ifL pe cfpg glbg', b];sf dfxfhg\x? xfD/f d'n'sdf cfof eGof b'lg`f s+ufn ul/ 5f8\5g\ .

á /fhfsf e+8f/ eGofsf /}tfgx? x'g\ .

á d'n'sdf O{hf/f klg glbg', ;iff{/af6 cdflgt\ /flif ;if{fl/of txl;n\ /fifL ;fna;fn\sf] srf lng' .

á Sof r'gL l;kfO{ eof Sof e}ef/fbf/ eof, OgnfO{ bjny sfdfpg glbg', cfbdL x]l/ x'd{t\ dfq} /fifLlbg' . sLg egf}nf, bjny\ eofsfn] t/jf/df kl; dg{ dfg{ ;s}gg\ / xl/ksf] rks\ x'G5 . l;kfxL e}ef/fbf/n] :jif u/]gg\ eGof rf/} if'6\df d]/f] t/jf/ ahGo}5 :jifdf k;f] eGof

á d]/f ;fgf b'ifn] cfHof{sf] dn's xf]O{g, ;a} hftsf] km'n\afl/ xf], ;a}nfO{ r]tgf eof of] km'n\afl/sf] 5f]6f] a8f rf/} hft 5lt;} jg{n] of] cl;n\ lxGb':yfgf xf], cfkm\gf s'nfwd{ g5f]8\g' .

á ta /fhfn] 7'nf] lg`flg;fkm x]g'{ cGofo d'n'sdf x'g glbg' .

á lg`flg;fk laufGof{ eGofsf] 3';\ lbGof / 3'; iffGof O{g b'O{sf] tf wglhj ul/lnofsf] klg kfk 5}g, O{ /fhfsf dxf;t'/ x'g\ .

á pk|fGtM 6S;f/ klg rf]iff] rnfpg' .

á ux|f] aGGof hUufdf 3/ eof klg 3/ c? hUufdf ;fl/ s'nf] sfl6 kf]t agfO{ cjfb ug'{ .

á pk|fGtM .. dnfO{ oj6f s'/fsf] ;+Wox nflu/x]5, s'Gs'/f] eGof d'u\nfgf glhs} /x]5, t];\ hUufdf 5f]s8f kqLof /x\of5g\, lrqsf/ e¥ofsf sf]7fdf 9f]ns\ l;tf/ /futfg\df e'n\gg\, /futfg\df a8f] 7"nf] df]xf] x'G5 / bjny klg iff]lnG5, b];sf] e]b klg ltg}n] n}hfG5g\ / xl/kn] buf u5{, /fusf] cEof;\ klg s;}n] gug'{, ltg hftnfO{ kfxf8 cfd\kmb/km klg s;}n] giff]n'g cyjf kmfu'nfO{ os b'O{ u/L lemls rf8} labf u/fO{lbg' / b];sf] e]b klg kfpb}gg\, cfkm\gf :jif;on]nfO{ tf ;f:qadf]lhd\sf] ltg} ;x/ g]kfnsf] g]jf/x?sf] gfr lemsfO{ x]¥of klg x'G5, O{gdf tf lbofsf] klg cfkm\g} b]zdf /xG5, o:j eof cfkmg' b]; udg\ /xG5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

á cfkm\gf b];sf] lhgL;\ hl/a'l6 b]; n}hfg' / gut k}rg', -gut if}lr_ /fif'g / k|hf df]6f eof baf{/ alnof] /xG5 .

á /fhfsf ;f/ eGofsf] l;kflx / /}ltx? x'g\, /fhf rt'/ eof l;kflx / /}lt xftxft ul/ /fig' / x'n\s'n\ x'g kfpb}g .

á cfkm\gf 3/sf k'/fgf ;]js hfrL xh"/df x/f]bd\ /fifL b/f]a:t aflw 3/ alnof] /fifg', o:j eof b/af/ alnof] /xG5 .

á ifgL eofsf 7fpdf ufp eof klg ufp c? hUufdf ;fl/sg klg ifflg rnfpg' .

á xhf/f} wgf xhf/f} kysf{nf hf/f} if'8f xhf/f} tf]k eof OGb|sf] cf;g klg 8ufO{5 .

ofbj v/]nsf] clUgk/LIff

k|ltli7t rnlrqsdL{ ofbj v/]nn] lgs6 eljiodf ‘Rofgn g]kfn’af6 rf/j6f wf/fjflxs sfo{qmdx? k|:t't ug'{ x'g] ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf v/]nsf] Jofj;flos ;+:yf ælqmol6e d"lehÆ / Rofgn g]kfnaLr ;+emf}tf ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . tL sfo{qmdx?dWo] æclUgk/LIffÆ gfds sfo{qmd ofbj v/]n :jo+n] k|:t't ug'{x'g]5 . pQm æ6s zf]Æ b]z / hgtfn] em]n]sf lj;+ult / ;d:ofx?sf] k|:t'lt Pj+ ;dfwfgsf] vf]hLdf s]lGb|t x'g] jtfOG5 .

lqmPl6e d'leh / Rofgn g]kfnaLr ;+emf}tf ePsf] ;Gbe{df cfof]lht Ps ljz]if sfo{qmddf rnlrq lgdf{tf Pj+ lgb]{zs ofbj v/]nn] tL ;a} wf/fjflxsx? Ps ;oeGbf a9L >[+vnfsf] x'g] atfpFb} s]xL >[+vnf tof/ eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . clUgk/LIffsf] cltl/Qm cGo syfdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . To;dWo] æsyf–;'v b'Mvsf]Æ kfl/jfl/s 6]ln>[+vnf xf] . o;sf lgb]{zs zDe' k|wfg x'g'x'G5 eg] /lj zfx, nIdL lu/L, ch'{g >]i7, hug >]i7, gjLg >]i7, /df yklnof cflb 5g\ . To:t} k|ltli7t o'jf gf6ssf/ Pj+ slj cz]if dNnåf/f lnlvt æhLjgrqmÆ sf] lgb]{zs df]xg lg/f}nf x'g'x'G5 . k/Dk/fut ;dfh / cfw'lgs ;dfhaLrsf] åGådf s]lGb|t ‘hLjgrqm’df afnsb]lv a[4;Dd / kl/jf/–;dfh x'Fb} /fi6«sf ;d:ofx? ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o;df e'jg rGb, eLdj/l;+x yfkf, ch'{g >]i7, k|sfz clwsf/L, lgzf s];L, /fhkfn yfkf, ;+ud e08f/L cflbn] ug'{ x'g] ePsf] 5 . v/]nn] ækm" dGt/Æ gfds xf:oJo+Uo k|wfg >[+vnf klg k|:t't ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . /fhgLlt, e|i6frf/, 7uL, b'O{gDj/L wGbf, zf]if0f, cGofo / hgtfsf kL8f cflb k|;+u ;d]l6Psf] o;df l;:g'kfgL g]kfn / af;'b]j n'O{+6]n k'/:sf/ u'7Lsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /xg] ePsf] 5 . v/]n :jo+n] lgb]{zg ug'{ x'g] o;df uf]kfn/fh d}gfnL, a;'Gw/f e';fn, dgf]h uh'/]n, ;'jf; uh'/]n, df]xg ld>, lzjxl/ kf}8]n cflbn] clego ug'{ x'g]5 . ;a} 6]ln>[+vnfsf uLt ofbj v/]nn] n]Vg' ePsf] 5 eg] ækm' dGt/Ædf dbgs[i0f >]i7n] uLt ufpg' ePsf] 5 .

pQm of]hgf ;fj{hlgs ug{ k'; @* ut] cfof]lht ljz]if ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ofbj v/]n, df]xg lg/f}nf / zDe' k|wfgn] tof/ eO;s]sf] >[+vnfsf] k|bz{gkZrft b]lvPsf q'l6 / k|ltlqmof x]/]/ ;'wf/ ub}{ nlug] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o; of]hgfdf lqmPl6e d'lehn] Ps s/f]8eGbf a9L nufgL ug{ a'lemG5 .

cy{rqm

;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] nufgL, jfn'jfdf kfgL

;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdf ;/sf/n] u/]sf] nufgL jfn'jfdf kfgLh:t} ePsf] 5 . d'n'sdf /x]sf %) j6f ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?dWo] clxn];Dd gfkmfdf rn]sf em08} ^ j6f dfq ;+:yf 5g\ . of] tYof+snfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf nflu ;/sf/n] nufgL u/]sf] &^ cj{ ^) s/f]8 ?k}ofF jfn'jfdf kfgL xfn] h:t} ePsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df x'g] e|i6frf/, clgoldttf / r'xfj6 g} tL ;+:yfx? 6f6 x'g] k|d'v sf/0f C0f ltg{ dfq ;/sf/n] ! ca{ @% s/f]8 ?k}ofF ltg'{ kg]{ x'G5 . hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/ g]zgn 6]«l8· lnld6]8, g]kfn cfon lgud, cf}Bf]lus If]q Joj:yf lnld6]8 nufotsf ;+:yfx? clxn];Dd gfkmfdf rn]sf 5g\ . tTsfn 3f6fdf ;+rfng eP klg tL ;+:yfx?n] ljutdf cfh{g u/]sf] /sdaf6 xfnsf] 3f6f k"lt{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;"q eG5, em08} @ bh{g ;+:yfgx? ?U0f cj:yfdf 5g\ / !& j6fnfO{ t ;/sf/n] lghLs/0f g} ul/;s]sf] 5 . 9n]sf pBf]udf eQmk'/ O6f 6fon sf/vfgf, lxdfn l;d]G6 sf/vfgf, ;femf oftfoft, 6«nL a;, oftfoft ;+:yfg, cf]/]G6n DofUg];fO6, 3/]n' lzNksnf laqmL e08f/, jL/u~h lrgL sf/vfgf /x]sf 5g\ . ljut & dlxgfb]lv aGb /x]sf] eQmk'/ O{6f 6fon sf/vfgf xfn} dfq ;+rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . @)#@ ;fndf rLg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf :yfkgf ePsf] pQm pBf]un] b}lgs Ps nfv rfOlgh O{+6f pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 . ahf/df O{+6fsf] dfu klg b}lgs ?kdf a9\bf] 5 . lghL If]qaf6 ;+rflnt pBf]ux?n] Jofks gfkmf sdfO/x]sf] a]nf klg of] pBf]u aGb eof] . dhb'/x? sfd ug{ tof/ 5g\ . ahf/df O{+6fsf] Jofks dfu 5 t/ klg pBf]u s;/L aGb eof] < oL ;a} k|Zgsf] hjfkm ;DalGwt lgsfo;+u 5}g . b'O{ ;ftf cl3 ;/sf/n] eQmk'/ O{+6f 6fon sf/vfgfdf gofF Joj:yfkg / g]t[Tj rog u/]sf] 5 . & dlxgf;Dd sd{rf/Ln] tnj gkfPsf] / pgLx?sf] $! dlxgfsf] ;~ro sf]if hDdf gul/Psf] cj:yf ljBdfg lyof] gofF g]t[Tj cfpbf . gjlgo'Qm cWoIf s[i0fxl/ jfF:sf]6fn] eGg'eof]— sf/vfgfn] # j6f vftfdf hDdf $! xhf/ ?k}ofF dfq lyof] . hals # j6f vftf vf]]Ng dfq !)–!) xhf/sf b/n] #) xhf/ nfU5 .

pQm ;+:yfsf] s'g} lx;fa lstfa :ki6 gePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . Joj:yfkg kIfsf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lkg / r/d e|i6frf/af6 eQmk'/ O{+6f 6fon sf/vfgf 6f6 ePsf] 7x/ gofF g]t[Tj / Joj:yfkgsf] 5 . pQm sf/vfgfn] ! s/f]8 O{+6f pTkfbg u/L a]Rg ;Sof] eg] cfkm\gf] C0f ltg{ ;Sg] / yk ! s/f]8 O{+6f laqmL ug{ ;s]df pBf]unfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;lsg] s'/f gjlgo'Qm cWoIf jfF+:sf]6f atfpg' x'G5 .

eQmk'/ O{+6f 6fon sf/vfgf t Pp6f pbfx/0f dfq xf] x/]s sf/vfgfsf] l:ylt To:t} 5 . ljut Ps jif{b]lv aGb /x]sf] lxdfn l;d]G6 sf/vfgfsf] b'b{zf klg To:t} 5 . !)) jif{;Dd k'Ug] sRrf kbfy{ -9'+uf_ pQm pBf]u /x]sf] 7fpFd} 5 . sd{rf/L / dhb'/n] Ps jif{b]lv sfd gkfP/ a;]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf l;d]G6sf] dfq cTolws dfqfdf a9\bf] 5 . :jb]zL pTkfbgn] dfu k"lt{ x'g g;Sbf sd;n u'0f:t/sf] ef/tLo l;d]G6 k|of]u ug{ pkef]Qmf jfWo 5g\ . g]kfnL l;d]G6 sfnf]ahf/Ldf a]lrb}5 . t/ klg lxdfn l;d]G6 aGbsf] aGb} 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] sf/vfgf vf]Ng] cfb]z lbPsf] dlxgf}+ lalt;Sbf klg sf/vfgf ;+rfngdf Nofpg] tkm{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] Wofg lbPsf] 5}g .

To;}u/L, jL/u~h lrgL sf/vfgf klg c;Ifd Joj:yfkg / e|i6frf/sf] lzsf/ ePsf] 5 . l;hgdf ;d]t pQm sf/vfgf aGb g} 5 . ljutsf jif{x?sf] cg'kftdf of] aif{ k"jL{ t/fO{sf lhNnfx?df pv'sf] pTkfbg pNn]vgLo ?kdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 . t/ sf/vfgfn] pv' glsg]sfn] s[ifsx? 7"nf] df/df k/]sf 5g\ . sRrf kbfy{ cfjZostfeGbf a9L x'Fbf klg pBf]u grNg'nfO{ ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1x?n] cfZro{ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] pQm sf/vfgf ;+rfng ug{ tTsfn #) s/f]8 lgsf; ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] eP klg cy{ dGqfno / pBf]u dGqfnoaLr ljjfb pTkGg ePsfn] ;f] /sd lgsf;f lbOPsf] 5}g . clxn] lrgL pTkfbg ug]{ ;dodf ;/sf/n] /sd lgsf;f glbP kl5 ca /sd lbg' glbg'sf] cy{ /xFb}g .

g]kfndf /x]sf %) dWo] em08} b'O{ bh{g ;+:yfgx? gfkmf jf 3f6f s] df rn]sf 5g\ eGg] :ki6 5}g . sfg'gL ?kdf k|To]s jif{ n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{ eP klg pgLx?n] jiff}{;Dd n]vf k/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] tL ;+:yfx?sf] cfly{s l:ylt s'g cj:yfdf 5 eGg] olsg 5}g . clxn];Dd #) eGbf a9L ;+:yfgx?n] n]vf k/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] pgLx? gfkmfdf 5g\ ls 3f6fdf eGg] k|i6 5}g . To:tf pBf]ux?df hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf, zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud, zfxL cf}iflw lnld6]8, PgcfO{8L;L, n'lDagL lrgL sf/vfgf, kl/jxg tyf uf]bfd Joj:yf ;ldlt ;d]tsf ;+:yfx? /x]sf 5g\ .

t];|f] d'n'saf6 g]kfn cfpg] ;fdfg /fVg] uf]bfd / 9'jfgL ug]{ Ps dfq ;+:yf kl/jxg tyf uf]bfd Joj:yf lnld6]8 klg 3f6fdf rn]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/, t];|f] d'n'saf6 k|ltjif{ ^) cj{ a/fa/sf] ;fdfg cfoft x'G5 / uf]bfd u/]jfkt kl/jxg tyf uf]bfd Joj:yf ln=n] )=^ k|ltzt /sd kfp5 . 9'jfgL u/] jfkt p;nfO{ k|fKt x'g] /sdsf] s'g} lx;fj lstfj g} 5}g .

lsg 8'Ab}5g\ ;+:yfgx?

lghL If]qaf6 ;fgf] nufgLdf v'n]sf ;+:yfx?n] 5f]6f] cjlwd} 7"nf] gfkmf sdfPsf 5g\ . t/ ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf /x]sf ;+:yfgx? 6f6 klN6g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] t < nfdf] ;dob]lv ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?nfO{ glhsaf6 lgofn]sf lj1x? o:tf] l:ylt cfpg'df ;/sf/sf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lkg, e|i6frf/ / clgoldttf g} lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] atfp5g\ . k|To]s ;/sf/ ag] kl5 dGqLx?sf] b'x'gf] ufO{sf ?kdf /xFb} cfPsf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd g]tfx?sf] sfo{stf{ etL{ s]Gb|sf ?kdf ;d]t /x]sf lyP .

gfkmfdf rn]sf g]kfn b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfg / ljB't\ k|flws/0fh:tf ;+:yfgx?n] klg ToxfF x'g] e|i6frf/, clgoldttfsf cltl/Qm dfcf]jfbL cfqmd0fsf sf/0f 7"nf] Iflt Joxf]g'{ kl//x]sf] 5 .

6f6 kN6]sf ;+:yfgx?

!= eQmk'/ O{6f sf/vfgf – & dlxgf aGb eP/ ev{/ v'nfOPsf]

@= lxdfn l;d]G6 sf/vfgf – ! jif{b]lv aGb

#= ;femf oftfoft – @ jif{b]lv aGb

$= 6«ln j; – 8]9 jif{b]lv aGb

%= oftfoft ;+:yfg – aGb

^= x]6f}8f sk8f pBf]u – aGb

&= cf]/]G6n DofUg];fO6 – % jif{b]lv aGb

*= 3/]n' lzNksnf ljqmL e08f/ – aGb

(= jL/u~h lrgL sf/vfgf – aGb cj:yfdf

gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] l:ylt k|i6 gePsf ;+:yfx?

!= hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf

@= zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud

#= zfxL cf}iflw lnld6]8

$= n'lDagL lrgL sf/vfgf

%= kf/jxg tyf uf]bfd Joj:yf ln=

^= Pg=cfO{=8L=;L=

gfkmfdf rn]sf ;+:yfx?

!= g]zgn 6«]l8Ë lnld6]8

@= g]kfn cfon lgud

#= cf}Bf]lus If]q Joj:yf ln=

;ftfsf] :j/

;]gf / k|x/LnfO{ xltof/ rflxPsf] 5, t/ ;]gf ;+;b\sf] dftxtdf /x]sf] eP dfq To:tf xltof/ ;b'kof]u x'g]df z+sf ug]{ 7fpF /xFb}glyof] . Tof] xltof/n] tfgfzfxL k|j[lQsf] pbo t x'Fb}g <

– lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL

of] ;/sf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{sf] s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g . sfd ug]{ ;a} clwsf/ /fhb/af/n] lnPsf] 5 . of] t /j/:6\ofDd dfq xf] . o;sf] sfd t clxn] ax'bnLo k|hftGq / /fhgLlts kf6L{ Pj+ g]tfx?nfO{ abgfd u/fpg] sfo{x? dfq eO/x]sf] 5 .

– jl/i7 jfdg]tf lji0f'axfb'/ dfgGw/

g]kfnL ldqx?n] g]kfn ef/tåf/f dfq 3]l/Psf] ;Demg' x'Fb}g . a?, ef/tn] 3]l/g'sf] ;§f ef/t v'nf eGg] cy{df a'em\g'k5{ . xfdLn] To:tf] ;fF3'/f] dfgl;stf TofUg' k5{ . ef/tn] klg v'nf l;dfgfsf] sf/0fn] g]kfnaf6 c;'/lIft dx;'; ug'{x'Fb}g . g]kfnn] klg ef/tnfO{ ;Defjgf / cj;/sf] ?kdf lng'k5{ / hlxn] klg vt/fsf] ;|f]t eGg] 7fGg' x'Fb}g . b'j} kIfn] Pscsf{sf ;'/Iff dfldnfx?nfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn tl/sfn] lng ;s] v'nf ;Ldfsf] sf/0fn] cfOkg]{ vt/fx?nfO{ lgjf/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

– ef/tLo /fhb"t Zofdz/0f

of] ;ftf

laxLaf/ @% k'; @)%(

r g]kfn /fi6« a}+såf/f /fli6«o afl0fHo a}+ssf] Joj:yfkg s/f/ PstkmL{ /2 ug]{ ax'/fli6«o sDkgL l8nf]O6 6';{ tdfT;';+u sl/a %) s/f]8 ?k}ofF Ifltk"lt{ dfu .

z'qmaf/

r ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] ;DaGwdf ;'emfj lbg] p2]Zon] ul7t ;ldltåf/f cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqL /d]zgfy kf08] ;dIf k]z, Pp6} ;+:yfnfO{ b'O{ eGbf a9L ;~rf/ dfWod ;~rfng ug{ lbg gx'g] l;kmfl/; .

zlgaf/

r Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] sf]6]Zj/l:yt lgjf;df g]kfn / g]sfsf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfaLr e]6jftf{, ;+o'Qm ;+3if{sf] tof/L .

cfOtjf/

r g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lgjf; dxf/fhu~hdf pxfF;Fu /fk|kfsf cWoIf kz'kltzdz]/ /f0ffåf/f e]6 .

;f]djf/

r clVtof/n] cfkm" lj?4 k"jf{u|x /fv]/ sf/jfxL rnfPsf] bfjL ;lxt ;f] sf] d'2f vf/]h ug{ k"j{dGqL v'daxfb'/ v8\sfåf/f ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ .

>L % 1fg]Gb|af6 lq=lj=df l/Qm x'g] pks"nklt lgo'lQmsf nflu gfd l;kmfl/; ug{ lzIffdGqL b]jLk|;fb cf]emfsf] cWoIftfdf lq=lj=;efsf ;ef;bx? o'j/fh vltj8f, r'dfgl;+x a:g]t, lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno ;b:o /x]sf] ;ldlt u7g .

df3 ! ut] a'wjf/

r :jf:Yo dGqfnoåf/f lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6«o k|lti7fg jL/ c:ktfnsf] lgb]{zsdf 8f=lbg]zgfy u+uf]n lgo'Qm .