…/S;L vfPkl5 dL7f dL7f ukm ug'{k5{Ú

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nf]Ug]–:jf:gLsf] hf]8L jf:tjdf dflyaf6} to ePsf] x'G5 eGg] dfGotfdf pxfF ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 . To;}n] t eGg'x'G5–d]/L >LdtL d}n] /f]h]sf] xf]Og, b}jn] h'/fPsf] xf] .

yf? hghfltaf6 xfn;Ddsf] ;a}eGbf pRr kbdf k'Ug] JolQmTj;Fu :tDesf/ k|]d / /f]dfG;sf] s'/f ul//x]sf] 5 . xf], k/z'gf/fo0f rf}w/L ev{/ /fhkl/ifb\ :yfoL ;ldltsf] ;efklt aGg' ePsf] 5, h'g 36gf g]kfnL hghfltsf] nflu :jo+df /f]df~rs 5 .

s'/f ;'? u/f}+ pxfFsf] hjfgLaf6 . ha pxfF tGg]/L x'g'x'GYof], s]6Lx?sf] tfFtLg} nfu]sf] lyof] . b]Vbf klg /fd|} uf]/f] . x§fs§f, / zfnLg . hldGbf/sf] 5f]/f] clg lhNnfaf6} cfkm\gf] hftaf6 k|yd k6s jLP kf; ug]{ JolQm ePsf]n] yf? dfq xf]Og, afx'g, If]qL, 7s'/L vnsaf6 ;d]t pxfF;fd' ljjfx k|:tfj cfPsf lyP .

t/ /f]h]/ x'G5 / Û ‘t'em] hld k] a'nfof uof x} d]/] lnP+’ eg] em}+ k/z'gf/fo0f rf}w/L h:tf] k9]n]v]sf] dfG5]sf nflu ‘s’ klg gk9]sL sGofnfO{ wtL{df af]nfOPsf] /x]5 . @))( ;fnlt/ b]pv'/LeGbf tLglbgsf] af6f] hGtL lnP/ tL cgk9 sGofnfO{ a/dfnf klx¥ofpg' eof] pxfFn] . ;+of]un] egf}+ hLjg ;fyL aGg k'u]sL tL gj b'nxLsf] gfd r}+ 1fgs'df/L rf}w/L lyof] .

æxf] d wgL lyP+, k9]n]v]sf] lyPF, t/ /fhgLlt ug]{ xf] eg] cfkm\g} ;d'bfosL s]6L;+u ljjfx ug'{k5{ eGg] ;f]r]/ 1fgs'df/LnfO{ leq\ofPF . t/ s]6L r}+ af–cfdfn] vf]Hg' ePsf] xf] .Æ d[b'efifL / nhfn' :jefjsf rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof] . kGw|;o hgfsf] hGtL, 5f]8f / xfQLsf] ;fydf 1fgs'df/LnfO{ lng k'u]sf] lyofF To;a]nf . æbfªdf Toqf] hGtL To;kl5 b]Vg gkfPsf] atfpF5g\ b+ufnLx?Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] . nesf] rSs/df pxfF kg'{ePg . cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ g} d'6'el/sf] dfofF ;'Dkg' ePsf rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof]– Ps cIf/ gk9\ klg 1fgs'df/Ln] b'O{ 5f]/f cfz'tf]if, / ;'jf; tyf 5f]/L sNkgfnfO{ of]Uo agfOg\, s]xL dlxgf klxn] 5f]/Lsf] lgwg eof] . >LdtL Tof] lbgb]lv ljlIfKt l5g\ . t/ h:t} b'Mv k/] klg d]xgtL l5g\ .

k|]d cfTdLs ;DaGw xf] eGg'x'G5 pxfF . æef}lts cfsif{0feGbf cfTdLs cfsif{0f dxTjk"0f{ x'G5, cfTdLs ;f}Gbo{sf sf/0f cfh a'9];sfndf klg >LdtL;+u d]/f] ;DaGw plQs} k|]dk"0f{ 5, emu8f t /dfOnf]sf nflu klg x'G5Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

bfª b]pv'/L lhNnfsf] b]pv'/L pkTosf uf]al8xf ufpFdf cfheGbf &% jif{ cl3 nLnf/fd rf}w/L / ls;gLb]jL rf}w/Lsf] k'q/Tgsf ?kdf pxfF hGdbf d'n'sdf /f0ffx?sf] babaf lyof] . t/ Tof] babafsf] c;/ eg] pxfFsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lyPg . lsgls pxfFsf afh] hf]vgk|;fb rf}w/L Tof] a]nfsf dfGohg x'g'x'GYof], h;nfO{ ufpFsf] k|zf;lgs / Goflos clwsf/ lbOPsf] lyof] . 7"nf] hldGbf/sf] kl/jf/ lyof], @% ;o laufxf t hldg lyof] . ufO{, e};L, 3f]8f slt slt Û clg gf]s/ rfs/ klg b'O{ bh{g eGbf a9L lyP . t/ hlt;'s} ;DkGgtf eP klg k9\gsf nflu :s"n st} lyPg, k9\g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf ;d]t lyPg . ælsg k9\g' k¥of] < hldg k|z:t 5Æ afa'afh] o;} eGy] Tof] a]nf . t/ k/z'gf/fo0f rf}w/Lsf] efUo egf}+ of Pp6f cfsl:dstf, :ju{åf/Lsf] bz{g ug{ ef/taf6 cfPsf Pshgf hf]uL Pslbg pxfFsf] 3/df k|j]z u/] .

ætL hf]uLn] xfdL ;–;fgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ b]v]/ logLx?nfO{ k9fpg' k5{ eGg'eof] . hf]uL xfd|} 3/df a:g'eof] / sl/a b'O{jif{ xfdLnfO{ k|f/lDes lzIff k|bfg ug'{eof] . jf:tjdf tL hf]uL g} d]/f] hLjgsf ;/:jtLsf] cjtf/ ag]/ cfpg' ePsf] lyof]Æ rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof] . tL hf]uLsf] gfd} lyof]– :jfdL /fdfjtf/ ;/:jtL . b'O{ jif{kl5 ltg} :jfdLn] k/z'gf/fo0f / pxfFsf bfh'nfO{ ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]zl:yt an/fdk'/ eGg] 7fpFdf nu]/ :s"n egf{ ul/lbg' eof] . æan/fdk'/af6 P;=Pn=;L=kf; u/]kl5 :jfdL ;/:jtLn] dnfO{ jgf/; lxGb" ljZjljBfnodf egf{ u/fOlbg' eof], To;}tfsf pxfFsf] b]xj;fg eof] . d}n] pxfFsf] ;+emgfdf ufpFdf ;/:jtL dfWolds ljBfno vf]n]sf] 5'Æ rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof] .

agf/; ljZjljBfnodf pxfFn] k|j]z s] ug'{ePsf] lyof], /fhgLlts hLjgsf] gofF / cgGt cWofo ;'? eOxfNof] . ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt 8f=/fwfs[i0fsf] uLtfdflysf] k|jrg ;'g]/ af}l4s / cfWoflTds ;+utdf nflu/x]s} a]nf Pslbg pxfFsf] e]6 b'Oj6f o:tf kfq;+u eof], h;n] pxfFnfO{ /fhgLltdf tflgxfNof] . a[Gbf xf]:6ndf pxfFnfO{ e]6\g cfPsf O{Zj/ a/fn / ljZjaGw' yfkfn] /fhgLlts s'/f ug{ yfn]kl5 k/z'gf/fo0fdf /fhgLlts /+u r9\of] . nuQ} pxfFx? ldn]/ agf/;df g]kfn 5fq;+3sf] :yfkgf ug'{eof] . 5fq;+3df nfu]/ /fhgLlts ;lqmotf a9fO/x]s} a]nf g]kfndf /f0fflj/f]wL qmflGt ;'? eof] . ;ft ;fnsf] qmflGtdf efu lng g]kfn kms{g' ePsf k/z'gf/fo0f / pxfFsf] 6f]nL klxnf k6\gf k'Uof] . hxfF k'u]kl5 pxfFx?nfO{ wgu9L v6fOof] . k6gfaf6 g]kfn cfpFbf cfpFb} pxfFx?sf] 6f]nL lj5f]l8of], sf]xL stf sf]xL stf eP5g\ . qmflGtdf efu lng] Toqf] pTs6 rfxgf, t/ ;Dks{ ;"q st} 5}g . e}/xjfdf 8f=s]= cfO{=l;+xsf] df]rf{ 5 eGg] yfxf kfP/ rf}w/L / csf{ ;fyL e}/xjf k'Ug'eof] . ToxfFk'Ubf s]=cfO{=l;+xn] aGb's rnfpg cfpF5 eg] n8, gq sfd 5}g eg], xfdLnfO{ aGb's rnfpg l;sfpg';\ eGbf klg dfg]gg\, To;kl5 km]l/ k6gf kmls{of}+Æ rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof] .

k6gf k'Ubf t o'4lj/fdsf] s'/f rln/x]sf] /x]5 . pxfFx? cGttM agf/; kmls{g' eof] . otf lbNnLdf lqkIfLo ;+emf}tfsf] tof/L x'Fb}lyof] . o:t}df lbNnLaf6 rf}w/Lsf] gfddf Pp6f tf/ cfof] . h;df elgPsf] lyof]– tkfO{ tTsfn lbNnL cfpg';\ . lbNnL k'Ubf pxfFnfO{ yfxf ef]– dGqL agfpg af]nfOPsf] /x]5 . aL=kL=sf]O/fnf, ;'j0f{zdz]/, dft[sfk|;fb sf]O/fnf ;a} g]tf;+u ToxL+ pxfFsf] e]6 eof] . t/fO{ d"naf6 dGqL agfpg] JolQmTjsf] vf]hL x'Fbf rf}w/Lsf] gfd k|:tfljt ul/Psf] lyof] . aL=kL=n] pxfF;Fu nfd} cGt/jftf{ lng'eof] . Ifdtf / af}l4stfsf] hfFr eof] . ;a} s'/fdf pxfF kf; x'g'eof] . t/ cGtdf aL=kL=n] eGg' eP5– k/z'hL tkfO{ s]6fs]6L h:tf] b]lvg'x'G5, dGqL agfpg} ;'xfPg .Æ b'ef{Uosf] Tof] k|;+u k/z'gf/fo0fsf nflu gdL7f] eP klg /f]rs r}+ lyof] . pd]/n] kfsf] eP klg pxfFsf] cg'xf/ s]6f}nf] lyof] . kl5 pxfFsf] ;§f pxfFeGbf ^ dlxgf sfG5f] t/ s]xL df]6f]3f6f] /ftf]lk/f] JolQm bfªs} e/tdl0f zdf{nfO{ dGqL agfOof] . dlGqd08n u7g ePkl5 sf7df8f}+ kms{g] a]nfdf aL=kL=n] pxfF;+u lxGbLdf eGg'eof]– ærnf] lk=Pg=, sf7df8f}+ t'dsf] ;xfos dGqL agfP+u]+ .Æ 7Ls} 5 eGb} pxfF aL=kL=;+u} k6gf k'Ug'eof] . /fhf lqe'jgsf] ljdfg sf7df8f}+ plqPkl5sf] bf];|f] ljdfg r9]/ pxfF jL=kL=;+u} klxnf]kN6 k6gfaf6 sf7df8f}+ pqg' eof] .

 ev{/ k|hftGq cfPsf] v'lzofnL, Po/kf]6{df xhf/f}+ hg;d"x / sfo{stf{n] aL=kL= nufotsf g]tfx?nfO{ km"ndfnf / caL/n] :jfut u/] . t/ rf}w/LnfO{ s;}n] jf:t} u/]g . ;a} cf–cfkm\g} w'gdf af6f] nfu], pxfF eg] Po/kf]6{df PSn} cndlng' eof] . sxfF hfg] < s]xL yfxf lyPg . To;dfly ;fydf ePsf] u'06f afS;f ;d]t x/fof] . kl5 Po/kf]6{df Ps sd{rf/Ln] lqk'/a/l;+x sxfF k'¥ofOlbP . kl5 aL=kL=;Fu klg e]6 eof] . t/ ;xfos dGqL agfpg] s'/f klg ;]nfP5 . sf+u|];af6 pxfFsf] gfd k|:tfj ubf{ /f0ffx?n] klg cfkm\gf] tkm{sf dfG5]sf] gfd t]:of{Psf sf/0f Tof] k|;+u ;lsof] . ca pxfF hfg] < eGb} ef}tfl/O/x]s} a]nf ;fyLx?n] ca /fhgLlt ug'{k5{ eGg'eof] . Pd=P= k"/f gul/sg} pxfF /fhgLlt ug{ lhNnflt/ nfUg'eof] . @))# ;fndf ePsf] sf+u|];sf] dxflwj]zgdf pxfFn] bfªaf6 efu lng'eof] . ;f] dxflwj]zgn] jL=kL=nfO{ ;efklt r'Gof], rf}w/L s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kbdf dgf]gLt x'g'eof], Tof] klg nuftf/ @)!% ;fn;Dd . @)!% ;fnsf] cfd r'gfjdf bfª b]pv/L @ gDa/af6 pDd]bjf/ aGg' ePsf rf}w/L cTolws dtn] ljhoL aGg'eof] . sf+u]|;sf] ;/sf/ aGof] . k|wfgdGqL aL=kL=n] pxfFnfO{ lzIffdGqL agfpg' eof] . t/ rf}w/Ln] dlGqd08n u7g x'g' cl3 aL=kL=;+u eGg' ePsf] /x]5– ædnfO{ lzIffdGqL jfx]s c? h'g lbP klg x'G5 .Æ t/ ToxL lzIff dGqfnosf] lhDd]jf/L lbPkl5 jL=kL=n] pxfF;+u eGg'eof] tkfO{nfO{ cfkm\gf] Ifdtfsf] kQ} 5}g, dnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf 5, tkfO{ lzIff dGqfnodf of]Uo x'g'x'G5 .Æ

@)!& ;fnsf] sf08 x'Fbf rf}w/L g]kfnd} x''g'x'GgYof] . o;sf] klg /f]rs ;+of]u 5 . pxfF To;tfsf lzIff ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngdf efu lng k]l/; hfg' ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ng ;s]/ kmls{g] qmddf ld>sf /fhb"tn] cfkm\gf] b]zdf b'O{ lbgsf nflu lgdGq0ff u/]5g\ . rf}w/L cfkm\gf Ps pk;lrj;lxt sfo/f] k'Ug'eof] . ToxfFaf6 kms{g] a]nf Po/kf]6{df Pp6f clwsf/Ln] pxfF;Fu eg]5g\— ætkfO{+sf] b]zdf ‘s"’ eof], ;a} g]tf y'lgPÆ pxfFnfO{ ;'?df t kTof/ nfu]g . t/ ljb]z dGqfnosf clwsf/Lx?n] ;dfrrf/sf] k'i6L u/]/ g]kfn hfg] cj:yf gePsf]n] ld> -Olhi6_d} /fhgLlts z/0f lbg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] hfgsf/L ;'gfP . t/ rf}w/L To;/L z/0f lnP/ a:g dfGg' ePg / ef/tsf] aDaO{ k'Ug'eof] .

8f=df]xdb df]xl;g, hf] clxn] /fli6«o;efsf cWoIf x'g'x'G5, pxfF aDaO{df kLPr8L ul//xg' ePsf] lyof] To;a]nf . t/ @)!& ;fnsf] 36gf ePsf] lbg cyf{t\ k'; !& ut] pxfF sf7df8f}+ x'g'x'GYof] . rf}w/L aDaO{ k'u]sf] lbg df]xl;g klg aDaO{ k'Ug'eof] . ædf]xl;gn] d;Fu eg] ls @)!& ;fnsf] sf08df ;'j0f{ zdz]/sf xft 5 eg]/, t/ d}n] Ps/lQ ljZjf; ul/g / pxfFnfO{ e]6\g snsQf uPFÆ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

aL=kL=h]ndf eP klg ;'j0f{ zdz]/nfO{ k6gf clwj]zgaf6 sfo{jfxs cWoIf / k/z'gf/fo0f rf}w/LnfO{ dxfdGqL agfOof] . ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu ub}{ ;'j0f{n] jStJo hf/L ug'{eof] . k'gM xltof/ p7fOof] . t/ rLg / ef/tsf] tgfjsf sf/0f g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfdf vt/f pTkGg ePsfn] pxfFx?n] xltof/ la;fpg' eof] . rf}w/Lsf] b/af/;Fu ;Demf}tf eof] aL=kL= l/xf x'g'eof], s]xL sfo{stf{nfO{ cfddfkmL lbOof] . To;kl5 ;'j0f{;Fu} rf}w/L sf7df8f}+ kms{g'eof] . clg ;'? eof] /fhf dx]Gb|;Fu jftf{sf] qmd . /fhf dx]Gb|af6 æ;a} ldn]/ b]z agfcf}+Æ eGg] x's'd x'Fb} ;a}nfO{ dfkmL lbg] argj4tf klg JoQm eof] . æotf b/af/;Fu s'/f x'Fb} lyof], ptf aL=kL= t km]l/ b/af/nfO{ cfIf]k nufpg] efif0f ug{ yfNg'eof], xltof/ hDdf ug{ yfNg'eof] . xfdL cK7o\of/f]df k¥of}+, /fhf;Fu Pp6f s'/f ePsf] 5, aL=kL=sf] tfn cs}{Æ rf}w/Ln] 36gfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{eof] .

o:t}df cf7÷bz jif{ ljTof] . /fhf dx]Gb|sf] :juf{/f]x0f kl5 aL=kL= klg :jb]z kms{g'eof] . @)#^ ;fnsf] hgdt;+u|xtfsf aL=kL=sf] ;efkltTjdf /x]sf] sf+u|];df klg rf}w/L dxfdGqL x'g'x'GYof] . hgdt ;+u|xdf aL=kL=n] 7fpF7fpFdf ax'bnn] lht]df efjL k|wfgdGqL k/z'gf/fo0f xf] eg]/ efif0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . t/ lgb{nn] ‘lht]’ kl5 k|wfgdGqL aGg] k|;+u} x/fof] . @)#* ;fndf ;'wfl/Psf] ;+ljwfg cfof] / aflnudtflwsf/ nfu" eP kl5 gLltut dte]bsf sf/0f d rflx+ k~rfotlt/ nfu]+ / /fli6«o k~rfot ;b:odf dgf]gLt eP .Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof]– kl5 dGqL klg agfOP .

ax'bn cfPkl5 pxfF k'gM sf+u|];df nfUg'eof], æt/ jftfj/0f ;Ddfghgs gePsf]n]Æ 5f8]/ /fk|kf yfkfdf k|j]z ug'{eof] . /fk|kfn] pkfWoIf g} agfof] . /fk|kfsf] sf]iffWoIf klg eO;Sg' ePsf rf}w/LnfO{ xfn}sf] dxflwj]zgkl5 cWoIf kz'kltzDz]/ /f0ffn] k'gM s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kbdf dgf]gLt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . t/ kmfu'g ^ ut] ;fem pxfFnfO{ b/af/af6 kmf]g cfof]– æk/z'gf/fo0fhL kf6L{ ;b:otfaf6 /fhLgfdf lbg' knf{ h:tf] 5Æ pxfFn] ;'?Ss /fhLgfdf lbg'eof] . ef]lnkN6 /]l8of]af6 pxfFn] cfkm" /fhkl/ifb\ :yfoL ;ldltsf] ;efklt ePsf] yfxf kfpg' eof] .

rf/j6f /fhf;+u ;+ut ug'{ ePsf rf}w/Ln] /fhf lqe'jg ;fx;L, /fhf dx]Gb| Jofjxfl/s, /fhf jL/]Gb| cfbz{jfbL / jt{dfg dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| s'zn / b'/b[li6 ePsf] /fhfsf] ?kdf ljZn]if0f ug'{eof] .

/S;L vfg' ;fg}b]lvsf] ;f}v xf] pxfFsf] . afh]n] ;ft ljufxf hldgdf ju}+rf nufPsf lyP . hxfF kfFr, 5 j6f cd'jfsf ?v -h;sf] /; /S;Lsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5_ lyP . au}+rf uof], /S;L vfof]=== . t/ k9\g yfn]kl5 5f8]+, Pd=P= 5f8]kl5 km]l/ vfg yfn]+ . slxn] vfG5', slxn] 5f8\5', clxn] r} 5f8]sf] 5' . t/ km]l/ slxn] ;'? u5'{ yfxf 5}g— pxfFn] /l;s kf/fn] eGg'eof] . pxfFsf] 3/df >LdtLn] g} /S;L agfpg' x'G5 . æd]/L >LdtL o:tf] /S;L agfpFl5g\ ls Tof] /S;L;Fu ljb]zL ldqx? :sr ;f6\g cfpF5g\Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

t/ /S;L vfP/ jfbljjfb ug]{ jfgL r}+ 5}g pxfFsf] . æ/S;L t cfgGb ug]{ rLh xf], /S;L vfPkl5 dL7fdL7f ukm ug'{k5{ uLt ufpg' k5{Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

r'/f]6 5f]8]sf] r+} #) jif{ lat]5 . ;fFem /f]6L / lbpF;f] eft vfg] rng cem} 5'6]sf] 5}g . ;fwf/0f n'uf nufpg] jfgL eP klg aflx/ st} hfFbf ;'6 nufpg' x'G5 pxfF . @)!^ ;fndf a]nfot hfFbf lsg]sf] ;'6 cem} 5 pxfF;Fu . æTof] ;'6 dnfO{ cem} lkm6 x'G5, d cr]n klg Tof] nufpF5'Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

5, ;ftj6f r/f, Ps b'O{j6f d[u / ;of}+ df5fsf] lzsf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 pxfFn] . ;DklQsf gfddf clxn] @* ljufxf hldg 5 pxfF;Fu . @)$# ;fnlt/ nf]sGynLdf lsg]sf] tLg /f]kgL hUuf a]r]/ Pstnf 3/ agfpg] tof/L ul//xg' ePsf rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof]— a}+s Jofn]G; slt t, Tof] g]kfn a}+sdf uP/ x]/]/ x'G5, ToxL hUuf a]r]sf] k};f 5 .Æ

ef/tdf 5Fbf l;g]df v'a x]g'{x'GYof] pxfF . æd]/f] hdfgfdf /fd|f /fd|f lx/f]Og lyP=== cfxf===== ldgfs'df/L, dw'jfnf, czf]ss'df/ / bLlnk s'df/sf] Tof] ;+jfb==== .Æ

rlr{t k|;+u

s]bf/ ;'j]bL

clVtof/sf lg0f{odf s:tf] sfjf{xL x'Fbf]/x]5 <

lg0f{odfq} ug]{ ls sf/jfxL klg

clVtof/ clxn] rrf{df 5 . o;nfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ sfg'g Nofpg] tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf tLghgf dGqLx? ToxL sfg'gsf] kmGbfdf kl/;s]sf 5g\ . ToxL sfg'g adf]lhd clVtof/ wfP/ y'gfdf a;]/ w/f}6L a'emfPkl5 klg pgLx? of] ;+:yfsf] k~hfaf6 d'Qm ePgg\ . clVtof/sf cflwsfl/s ;|f]t pNn]v x'Fb} ;fj{hlgs ePsf ;dfrf/ cg';f/ oL AolQmx? pk/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L x'g] ePsf] 5 . clVtof/ a9L rrf{df cfpg'sf k[i7e"ldx?dWo] o:tf s]xL pbfx/0f lng ;lsG5 . t/ of] sfd hlt l56f] eof] o; cl3 clVtof/n] u/]sf cGo lg0f{ox? tkm{ rflx+ of] ;+:yf lsg lg:s[o g} /x\of] eGg] k|Zg o;n] o;cl3 u/]sf lg0f{ox?sf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt x]l/of] eg] cfkm}+ k|Zg plAhG5 . of] s'g} Ps jif{sf] l:ylt xf]Og . ljt]sf !@ jif{sf sfo{ ljj/0fx?nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf /flvof] eg] clVtof/ lg0f{o ug]{ lgsfo dfq xf] ls eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ vf]Hg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . vf;u/L sd{rf/Lsf ;Gbe{df t o;n] u/]sf lg0f{ox?sf] sfof{Gjog 7\ofDd} gePsf] cj:yf kfOG5 . clVtof/n] ;fdfGotofM Pp6f d'2fnfO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd nufP/ Tof] klg cToGg tbf?stfsf ;fy sfd eof] eg] ul/Psf sfjf{xLsf lg0f{ox? clVtof/s} cfFvfsf cufl8 kfngf xf]Og cyf{t To:tf] lg0f{o ul/P adf]lhdsf] sfjf{xL gx'g] dfq xf]Og 7f8} k'/:s[t ul/Psf 36gfx? vf]Hb} uOof] eg] s]xL afx]s nueu ;a} lg0f{ox? To;/L g} lg0f{odfq eP/ /xg] u/]sf kfOG5 . tTsfnLg jg;lrj /ljeQm lji6 ;lrj /x]s} a]nf clVtof/n] ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug{ lgb]{zg lbOof] . of] lgb]{zg dlGqkl/ifb\df k'u]kl5 pgnfO{ tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] o:tf] 7fpFdf ;?jf u¥of] hxfF pgL clVtof/n] dlGqkl/ifb\ ;Dks{ ug'{k¥of] . pgL To;sf] dfkm{t JolQm eP/ lgo'lQm eP . To;sf] s]xLlbg kl5 k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nosf ;lrj jgfOP / To;sf] s]xL lbgkl5 nuQ} csf]{ dGqfno dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] ;lrjdf lgo'lQm eP . clVtof/n] o:tf] ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug{ kl/kq n]v]sf] tLg dlxgfaLrdf tL JolQmnfO{ o; ?kn] k'/:s[t ul/of] . pgL kl5 pd]/ xbsf sf/0f clgjfo{ cjsfzdf k/]/ dfq kbd'lQm eP . clVtof/n] u/]sf] sfjf{xLsf] of] ;aeGbf kl5Nnf] gd"gf x'g ;Sb5 . clVtof/n] ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL lg0f{o u/]/ lgb]{zg lbOPsf JolQmdWo] clxn] klg sltko ;lrj 5g\, slt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L agFOPsf 5g\ / sltko /fhb"t eP/ agfOP/ k7fOPsf 5g\ . of] ;+Vof uGg g;lsg] cj:yfd} 5 . rf/jif{ cl3 h'g ;+:yfsf] k|d'v x'Fbf o;n] ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{eg]sf] lyof] . oL k+lQm n]lvPsf] If0fdf tL JolQm ToxL ;+:yfsf] k|d'v agfP/ sfd nufOPsf] 5 . tL JolQm sf] x'g\ / ;+:yf s] xf] eGg] oxfF pNn]v ug{ cfjZos gxf]nf . clVtof/n] cfkm\gf k"j{ lg0f{osf kmfOn kN6fof] / JolQm vf]Hof] eg] t'?Gt} kfpg] 5 .

clVtof/ cfkm}+n] u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ cfkm}+n] kfngf gu/]sf 36gf klg Tolts} 5g\ . To;sf] kl5Nnf] gd"gf o; cl3sf] ;/sf/sf b'O{hgf dGqLx?sf ljj/0f pNn]v ul/of] eg] To;nfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 . tTsfnLg ;:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p88\og dGqL anaxfb'/ s]=;L / /fHo dGqL ;j{wg /fO{sf af/] o;n] u/]sf] lg0f{o x]l/of];\ . pxfFx? kbd'Qm x'g'eGbf s]xL dlxgf cl3 zfg]jflgdf cof]Uo JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm u/L lhDd]jf/L tf]sL ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] b'?kof]u cyf{t ckrng u/]sf] egL Tof] a]nf k|wfgdGqL ;fd" pxfFx?nfO{ sfjf{xL ug{ lgb]{zg lbOof] . pxfFx?n] cfkm\gf bfHo" / efOnfO{ ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] ;b:odf lgo'lQm lbPsf lyP . of] lgo'lQm zfg]jflgsf] ;~rfng lgodfjnL ljk/Lt lyof] . b'O{ dlxgfkl5 tL ;~rfnsx?nfO{ x6fOof] / To;}nfO{ sfjf{xL ePsf] dflgof] . hjls clVtof/n] lgo'Qm ePsf] JolQm xf]Og To:tf] lgo'Qm ug]{ JolQmn] u}/sfg'gL sfd u/]sf] eGg] 7x/ u/]sf] lyof] . Pp6fnfO{ sfjf{xL ug'{ elgPsf] cj:yfdf csf]{nfO{ sfjf{xL u/]sf] l:ylt b]lvbf klg To;kl5 clVtof/n] s]xL u/]g . cfkm\gf] lg0f{osf] kfngf gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ oyfjt /xg lbOof] . pxfFx? dGqLaf6 x6\g'eof] . t/ of] x6fO{ klg Tof] sfjf{xL xf]Og eGg] cfkm}+ k|i6 5 . clVtof/sf] sfg'gdf kbLo bfloTj lnPsf JolQmn] kbaf6 x6]kl5 klg kbdf x'Fbf u/]sf] u}/sfg'gL sfd jfkt bl08t x'G5g\ . cem clVtof/ cfkm}+n] cg';Gwfg u/L bf]ifL 7x/ u/]sf JolQmnfO{ of] ;+:yfn] To;kl5 slxNo} vf]hL u/]g . clVtof/sf] of] lg0f{o dlxgf}+b]lv cfkm} n's]/ a;]sf] 5 . vf]Hb} hfbf o:tf y'k|} pbfx/0f kfOG5, h;n] clVtof/ cfkm\gf lg0f{ok|lt cfkm}+ pbfl;g /x]sf] / ;DalGwt lgsfon] sfjf{xL grnfpbf To;sf] ljj/0f dfOGo'6df n]Vg' afx]s bf]ifLnfO{ b08 glbg] JolQm lgsfox? cfkm}+ pGd'lQm kfO/x]sf 5g\ . sfjf{xL lsg ePg eGg] Ps k6s lg0f{o u/]kl5 To;nfO{ tfs]tf ug]{ / bl08t x'g' kg]{ JolQmnfO{ b08 glbbf To;sf] efu]bf/ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ klg agfpg] k/Dk/f g/x]/ xf] ls clVtof/ lg0f{o ub}{ y'kfb}{ ul//x]sf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . sfof{Gjog x'Fb}g eg] To:tf] lg0f{osf] cy{ s] /xG5 eGg] k|Zgsf] rflx+ clVtof/;Fu} pQ/ vf]hf}+ .

s:tf] cfb]z s:tf] sf/afxL

clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] vf;u/L sd{rf/L dfly sfjf{xLsf ;Gbe{df u/]sf lg0f{ox? s] x'G5g\ eGg] lat]sf !) jif{ cl3b]lvsf lg0f{o x]l/of] eg] Pp6f 8/nfUbf] lrq b]lvg]5 . clVtof/sf] sfg'gdf o;n] sd{rf/Lsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf lg0f{ox? ;DalGwt dGqfno dfkm{t\ sfjf{xL x'g}kg]{ / ;f] sf] hfgsf/L clVtof/nfO{ lbg} kg]{ eGg] :ki6 k|fjwfg 5 . t/ clxn];Dd To;sf] kfngf s'g} lgsfoaf6 ePsf] 5}g . of] ;Gbe{df clVtof/ s]jn clen]v /fVg] ;+:yf h:tf] dfq b]lvG5 . @)$* b]lv rfn" @)%( ;fn;Ddsf] clVtof/sf dfOGo'6 k'l:tsf x]l/of] eg] o;sf y'k|} gd"gf kfOG5g\ . oxfF s]xL pbfx/0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

H cfof]un] /;'jfl:yt x]lnKof8 lgdf{0f ubf{ e|i6frf/ ePsf] 7x/ u/L cfof]usf] k"0f{ a}7sn] @)$(÷(÷!^ ut] /;'jfsf tTsfnLg sfd' :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L lzjk|;fb >]i7nfO{ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf gfpdf cfb]z hf/L u¥of] . To;sf] & jif{kl5 cyf{t\ @)%^÷!!÷( df clVtof/n] hjfkm kfof] . Tof] hjfkmkqdf pNn]v lyof] . lgh lzjk|;fb >]i7sf] @)%)÷!!÷!$ df d[To' e};s]sf] 5 . Pp6f clVtof/k|fKt lgsfon] csf]{ clVtof/sf lg0f{ox? s] x'G5g\ eGg] Pp6f gd"gf lnP x'G5 . @)$( ;fn k'; !^ ut] clVtof/n] u/]sf] Tof] ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ eGg] lg0f{odf k/]sf afFsL b'O{hgfsf af/] s:tf] sfjf{xL eof] eGg] To;sf] !) jif{ kl5 cyf{t\ @)%( kmfu'g;Dd hjfkm k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .

l afFs] alb{of lhNnf jg If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]un] hUuf ljt/0f ubf{ e|i6frf/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] dfnkf]t sfof{no afFs]sf tTsfnLg dfnkf]t clws[t ZofdfgGb ;'dg / e]/L c~rn If]qLo a;f]af; sfof{nosf tTsfnLg gf;', v]d/fh ;'j]bLnfO{ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL clVtof/n] @)$*÷!!÷% df lg0f{o u/L jftfj/0f dGqfnodf n]vL k7fPsf]df @)%( kmfu'g;Dd hjfkm cfPg .

l u'7L t}gfyL hUufdf df]xL sfod ug]{ ;DaGwdf Jofks clgoldttf ePsf] 7x/ ub}{ cfof]un] u'7L ;+:yfsf tTsfnLg gjf} txsf clws[t s[i0fd'/f/L zdf{ pk/ ;Vt ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL @)%$÷@÷!$ ut] lg0f{o u¥of] . To;sf] # jif{kl5 cyf{t\ @)%&÷@÷# ut] pQm ;+:yfn] hjfkm k7fof] h;df n]lvPsf] lyof]– lghn] @)%%÷*÷$ df clgjfo{ cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] x'Fbf sfjf{xL ug'{k/]g . To;kl5 clVtof/n] ;dod} sfjf{xL gu/]sf] egL lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd;lxtsf] ljj/0f dfu u¥of] . Tof] clxn] cyf{t\ @)%( ;fn ljTg nflu ;Sbf klg To;sf] hjfkm cfPsf] 5}g .

l huGgfy u'7Lsf] hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf Jofks e|i6frf/ ePsf] eGg] 7x/ u/]/ @)%)÷!)÷@( ut] clVtof/n] dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+sf df=kf]=c=s snfw/ b]phf, zfGtaxfb'/ >]i7, gf;' k'?iff]Qd e§/fO{ / vl/bf/ tf]/0f/fh >]i7 pk/ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug{ e"ld;'wf/ dGqfnodf kqn]vL Ps jif{kl5 dfnkf]t ljefuaf6 hjfkm cfof] . lghx?n] tf]lsP adf]lhd sfd sfd u/]sf] x'Fbf sfjf{xL ug{ gkg]{ . clVtof/n] vf]h]h:tf] sfjf{xLsf] hjfkm rflx+ To;sf] ( jif{kl5 klg clVtof/n] kfPsf] 5}g .

:jf:Yo dGqfnosf] lrlsT;f dxfzfvf 6]s'df a9L Ifdtf ePsf] Ps ;]6 d]l;g vl/b ug{ cfb]z eof] . t/ sd Ifdtfsf] d"No rflx+ Tof]eGbf 8Aan a9L ePsf] d]l;g vl/b ul/P5 . clVtof/n] 5fglag u/]/ @)%)÷%÷@$ ut] jL/ c:ktfnsf k|d'v /]l8of]nf]lhi6 8f=g]qaxfb'/ cdfTo, lzIf0f c:ktfnsf tTsfnLg k|d'v /]l8of]nf]lhi6 8f=6]saxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, jL/ c:ktfn ;Def/ clws[t u+ufnfn >]i7 tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf lrlsT;f dxfzfvfsf k|d'v 8f=xl/gfy cfrfo{;d]tnfO{ s8f ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL lg0f{o u/]/ kq n]Vof] . t/ Tof] kqsf] hjfkm ( jif{eGbf a9L ;do ljlt;Sbf klg cfPg .

l /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s d'Vo zfvf sfof{no sf7df8f}+sf a'l4;fu/ pkfWofo cflb;lxtsf af/] clVtof/n] @)%)÷!)÷!@ df ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL lg0f{o u/]/ n]vL k7fof] . /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+sn] To;sf] ^ jif{kl5 cyf{t\ @)%^÷!!÷!^ df lgh;lxtsf JolQm clgjfo{ cjsfzdf k/]sf x'Fbf sfjf{xL ug'{ gkg]{ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] kq clVtof/ k7fof] . afFsL ;b:ox? klg s;}n] /fhLgfdf lbPsf / sltko To:t} cjsfzdf k/]sf x'Fbf s]xL ug'{ gkg]{ eGg] Joxf]/f pQm kqdf lyof] . clVtof/n] @)%) ;fndf u/]sf] lg0f{osf] hjfkm ^ jif{kl5 ToxfF k|fKt ePsf] of] ljj/0fn] b]vfpF5 . of] a}+saf6 ( nfv ?k}ofFdf lwtf] lnOPsf] hldg To;sf] !) jif{sf] cGt/n] e|i6frf/nfO{ slt k|>o lb+bf]/x]5 .

o:t} csf]{ d'2f klg clVtof/n] x]/]/ ljefuLo sfjf{xLsf nflu n]v]sf] lyof] . nlntk'/ Odf8f]nsf] ^ /f]kgL @ cfgf hUuf lwtf] /fvL Tof] a]nf !% nfv ?k}ofF C0f lbOPsf]df kl5 ;f] hldg lnnfd x'Fbf @( xhf/ ?k}ofF dfq k|fKt ePsf] egL b]vfOPsf] ljifodf clVtof/n] cg';Gwfg u/L e|i6frf/ ePsf] 7x/;lxt ;DalGwt clwsf/Lx?nfO{ To;}a]nf kq n]Vof] t/ ;f] sf] hjfkm, To:tf] sfjf{xL ePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L !@ jif{kl5 cyf{t\ of] a]nf;Dd k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .

l sf]n lnld6]8sf tTsfnLg gfoj dxfk|jGws lji0f'/fh cof{nnfO{ pgn] e|i6frf/ u/]s} b]lvPsf] eGb} clVtof/n] @)%@÷#÷!# ut] lg0f{o u/]/ kq sf6\of] . t/ ;f] kq adf]lhd sfjf{xL ePsf] hjfkm of] @)%( ;fn kmfu'g;Dd cfPsf] 5}g .

l dfnkf]t sfof{no dsjfgk'/sf k|d'v / ToxfFsf sd{rf/Lx?n] /fh:jdf p7\g] /sd ;f] vftfdf ;dfj]z gu/L e|i6frf/ u/]sf] ljifodf 5fglagd} clVtof/n] @)%)÷$÷@$ ut] ;f] sfof{nodf tTsfnLg clws[t k'0ok|;fb Gof}kfg] dfly ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ eGg] cfb]z lbof] . t/ ;DalGwt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] @)%%÷#÷@@ df clVtof/nfO{ kq k7fof]— tL sd{rf/L of] a]nf dlxnf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnodf /x]sf x'Fbf pt} kq n]lvof];\ . clVtof/n] ToxL Joxf]/fsf] kq dlxnf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnodf k7fpFbf To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 hjfkm cfof] tL sd{rf/L xfn ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf /x]sf x'Fbf ;f] dGqfno;Fu ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug]{ eGg] kqfrf/ e}/x]sf] 5 . @)%) ;fndf ljefuLo sfjf{xLsf nflu clVtof/n] u/]sf] lg0f{o / n]v]sf] of] kq o;/L )%( ;fndf klg 6'l·Psf] 5}g .

l u'0f:t/ gePsf], Dofb u'lh|Psf] ljiffbL cf}iflw vl/b u/] jfkt clVtof/n] @)%!÷#÷& df :jf:Yo dGqfnosf tTsfnLg ;lrj hubLZj/ pkfWofo, ;x;lrj sf]lsnf j}B, pk;lrj uf]ljGbk|;fb s';'d, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf tTsfnLg dxflgb]{zs 8f=/fdgGbg l;Gxf pk/ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{kg]{ lg0f{o eof] . ;f] adf]lhd kq klg sfl6of] . To;sf] hjfkmdf tTsfnLg :jf:YodGqL 8f=/fdj/0f ofbjn] df}lvs ?kdf ;a}nfO{ zts{ u/fPsf] eGg] hfgsf/L cfof] . clVtof/n] cfkm\gf] lg0f{o jdf]lhdsf] ljefuLo sfjf{xL ePsf] dfg]g / @)%!÷!)÷!@ df Psk6s / @)%#÷!!÷!( df csf]{ k6s u/L dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnonfO{ tL dxfg'efjx?nfO{ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug{ egL kq n]Vof] . t/ kl/ifb\n] oL b'j}kqsf] pQ/ of] @)%( ;fn kmfu'g;Dd lbPsf] 5}g .

l @)%(÷!!÷% ut] clVtof/n] To;a]nfsf] afF;af/L 5fnf h'Qf sf/vfgfsf] hUuf k|rlnt b/eGbf cToGt Go"g d"Nodf laqmL u/]sf] 7x/ u/L ;+rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ sfjf{xL ug{ egL dlGqkl/ifb\df kq n]Vof] . t/ !) jif{ ljTof] tL ;~rfnsx?nfO{ sfjf{xL ePsf] eGg] hjfkm clxn];Dd cfPsf] 5}g . t/ of] sf/vfgf eg] lghLs/0f e};Sof] .

l s[lif cf}hf/ sf/vfgfn] ljkl/· vl/b ;DaGwdf clgoldttf u/]sf] egL cfof]un] @)%)÷(÷@ df pQm sfjf{xL tTsfnLg dxfk|aGws /d]z g]kfnnfO{ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL s[lif dGqfnonfO{ n]v]sf] kqsf] klg rfn" jif{;Dd hjfkm cfPsf] 5}g .

l /fKtL PsLs[t u|fdL0f ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf] ;fdu|L vl/b ubf{ e|i6frf/ ePsf] 7x/ u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt /f]Nkfsf tTsfTnLg :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L pdfsfGt clwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL clVtof/n] @)%!÷@÷!$ ut] lg0f{o u/]/ kq n]Vof] . t/ clxn];Dd ltgdfly sfjf{xL ePsf] 5}g .

l cfof]un] @)%@÷!)÷!* sf lbg ef]hk'/ lhNnf sf/fuf/ ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ clgoldt u/]sf] 7x/ u/L ;f] sfd ug]{ tTsfnLg lhNnf clwsf/L åo g/]Gb| kf}8]n / jfdgk|:ffb Gof}kfg] tyf sfd' cl;i6]06 Ol~hlgo/ /Tgaxfb'/ sfkm\n] pk/ s8f ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL lg0f{o u/]/ kq n]Vof] t/ To;sf] klg hjfkm cfh;Dd k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .

clxn] pxfFx? sxf“ x'g'x'G5

lgDg JolQmx? clxn] sxfF x'g'x'G5 eGg] vf]hf}+ . pxfFx?nfO{ cfheGbf % jif{ cl3 clVtof/n] ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ egL ;DalGwt lgsfodf kq n]v]sf] lyof] . gfpx? clVtof/sf] Tof] Ps jif{ @)%$ sf] dfOGo"6af6 lnOPsf] xf] . t/ pxfFx? dfly s] sfjf{xL eof] eGg] clVtof/sf] dfOGo'6df st} pNn]v 5}g . oL k+lQm n]lvPsf] rfn" jif{sf] kmfu'g dlxgfsf] rf}yf] xKtf;Dd klg oL dWo] s;}dfly sfjf{xL eof] eGg] hjfkm sDtLdf clVtof/sf] /]s8{df c+lst ePsf] 5}g .

sLlt{rGb 7fs'/, eLdaxfb'/ If]qL, cfgGbb]j >]i7, /tgaxfb'/ kf08], ljho s§]n, 8f=zDz'z/0f ltjf/L, zDe'k|;fb zdf{, Zofds[i0f >]i7, ?b|/fh zdf{, rGb|bz{g cfrfo{, bLlnks'df/ sfsL{}, gf/fo0fk|;fb kf}8]n, nIdLk|:fb dfgGw/, uf]kfngfy zdf{, g/]Gb|afa' k|wfg, sLlt{k|;fb hf]zL, dbgs'df/ zdf{, /Tgf hf]zL, b]j/fh /]UdL, ;'zLns'df/ zdf{, k|]d/fh uf}td, w'j|k|;fb jfUn], gf/fo0faxfb'/ yfkf, dfgl;+x wfdL, Zofd rfln;], sNkgf >]i7, /f]lxts'df/ zfx, /3'gfy km'ofn, e/tk|;fb ;fksf]6f, sf]dnk|;fb >]i7, lzjz+s/nfn s0f{, s'df/ 1jfnL, d[u]Gb|s'df/l;+x ofbj, ljZjgfyl;+x /fhj+zL, /fhafa' bjf8L, b]jLk|;fb rf}w/L, ef]u]Gb| 7fs'/, /fdgf/fo0f ofbj, ;Ltf/fd d08n, /fh]z kf08], tLy{/fh zdf{, k|]dlglw 1jfnL, a]gLaxfb'/ /fjn, t'n;Lk|;fb e§/fO{, lszf]/ g]kfn, /jLGb|nfn >]i7, uLtfk|;fb vgfn, pd]z emf, tkfgfy z'Snf, s'~hlaxf/L sofn, x'daxfb'/ a:ofn, /fw]Zofdk|;fb rf}/l;of, lz/f]dl0f 9sfn, bLksh+u zfx, s'df/k|;fb vgfn, ljdnk|:ffb jfUn], d'/f/Laxfb'/ sfsL{, hubLzk|;fb cof{n, ;/f]hs'df/ >Ljf:tj, ;/]zs'df/ /]UdL, dbg If]qL, ls/0f uf}td, ab|LeQm k|wfgf+u, dx]zs'df/ >]i7, k|]daxfb'/ a:g]t, kbduf]kfn >]i7, 8f=/f3jlszf]/ e§/fO{, hLjgk|;fb uf}td, c?0f >]i7, dx]Gb|axfb'/ >]i7, k'sf/ hf]zL, sLlt{k|;fb hf]zL, chjnfn ofbj, lu/Lw/ ah|frfo{, ljgf]b cfrfo{, 8f=5lj/d0f e§/fO{, /fhuf]ljGb /fhsl0f{sf/, dgf]hs'df/ yfkf, gfgLafa' ltjf/L, s[i0fk|;fb ltjf/L, kGgfnfn >]i7 / åfl/sf >]i7 .

cfof]usf] lg0f{o dGqfnosf] sfd

of] ljj/0f clVtof/sf] dfOGo'6af6 ptfl/Psf] xf] . sd{rf/Lx?sf ;Gbe{df cfof]un] u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;DalGwt dGqfnon] s;/L wf]tL nufO{ lbg] u/]sf 5g\ eGg] Ps jif{sf] of] Pp6f ljj/0f dfq x]l/of] eg] kof{Kt xf]nf . !#) hgf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sfjf{xL ug'{ elgPsf]df #* hgfnfO{ dfq To:tf] sfjf{xL ul/Psf] / !%# hgfnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg n]lvPsf]df &@ hgfnfO{ dfq To;f] ul/Psf] of] ljj/0fn] b]vfpF5 . ljj/0f x]/f}+M

;DalGwt lgsfo ljefuLo sf/afxLsf] l;kmfl/z ;r]t jf ;ts{ u/fOPsf]

ut o; hDdf sfof{Gjogsf] ut o; hDdf sfof{Gjogsf]

cf=j=;Ddsf] cf=j=sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt cfj=;Ddsf] cf=j=sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt

!= cy{ dGqfno @! @ @# # ! ! @ !

@= cfk"lt{ dGqfno ! ! ! !^ !# @( !^

#= cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqfno ! @ #

$= pBf]u dGqfno $ $ # !% $ !( !%

%= s[lif dGqfno % % !) & !& (

^= u[x dGqfno !! !! # ! ! @

&= hn;|f]t dGqfno % % % % $

*= ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno * $ !@ ^ * *

(= k//fi6« dGqfno @ @ @

!)= e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfno !! $ !% $ # #

!!= dGqL kl/ifb\ ;lrjfno ! !

!@= dlxnf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno ! ! !

!#= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno !$ $ !* * % % %

!$= lzIff dGqfno # ^ ( @ & ( !^

!%= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno @ ! # @ !% @ !& !@

!^= :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno * * @ $ @ ^ #

!&= :jf:Yo dGqfno !@ $ !^ $ ^ !! !& $

s"n hDdf !)$ @^ !#) #* (# ^) !%# &@

36/fh e§/fO{

e/t sf]O/fnf

hGdM !((( dfu{ !) cf]vn9'+uf . lzIffM g]kfnLdf Pd=P= tyf ljBfjfl/lw . lhDd]jf/Lx?M k|fWofks dx]Gb|/Tg sn]h -)@$–)#)_, /Tg/fHo nIdL SofDk; tyf kb\dsGof SofDk; clxn] klg k9fpg] sfddf cf+lzs ;+nUgtf, lqljljdf nuftf/ aQL; jif{ ;]jf u/]kl5 5f]8]/ kz'klt ax'd'vL SofDk;df lk|lG;kn kbdf sfo{/t, ljleGg k}tL; j6f g]kfnL n]vg ;flxTo, k|lti7fgh:tf ;+:yf;Fu cfj4 /xg' ePsf k|f=8f=e§/fO{;Fusf] cGt/+u—

á w]/}j6f ;+:yfx?;+u cfj4 x'g' ePsf] /x]5, tL s:tf ;+:yf x'g\ <

– n]vg ;flxTotkm{ klg d}n] lgs} snd rnfpgsf cltl/Qm krf;j6f eGbf a9L s[ltx?sf] k|sfzg ul/;s]+ . d]/f] o; If]qsf] of]ubfg b]v]/ g} xf]nf d b]jsf]6f k|lti7fgsf] cWoIf, j]blglw k'/:sf/ ;ldltsf] ;lrjb]lv lnP/ ekfndfgl;+x sfsL{ k'/:sf/, e}/j k'/:sf/, emk6 k'/:sf/, u'0f/fh :df/s ;ldlt, ;Ltf/fd k|1f k|lti7fg, afns[i0f ;d kmfp08]zgh:tf k}tL;j6f ;+:yfdf slx+ ;b:o, slx+ ;lrj, slx+ cWoIf, sxL+ ;+:yfksh:tf ;+:yfdf ;+nUg x'g k'u]sf] x'F .

á n]vg If]qtkm{ r}+ slxn]b]lv snd rnfpg yfNg'eof] <

– d}n] @)!& ;fnb]lv g} n]Vg yfn]sf] x'F . ;'?df sljtf n]v] . To;kl5 ;dfnf]rgf, hLjgL, ofqf ;flxTo, sfJo ;+u|x u/L clxn];Dd %@ j6f lstfjx? k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] sljtf / sfJodf sljtf s';'d sljtf ;+u|x, cd/Hof]lt sfJo, tLg j6f sfJox? ;+u|x, eLdlglw tyf u'0f/fh JolQm / s[lt, ;+:s[tsf cd/ ;flxTosf/, k|lte} k|ltef / g]kfnL ;flxTo, g]kfnL n]vs sf]z, g]kfnL ;flxTosf/ kl/ro sf]z, cd/ k|f1 cflb 5g\ .

á s;sf] k|]/0ffn] s;/L of] If]qsf nfUg'eof] <

– d}n] ;+:s[tsf] cWoog u/]sf] x'F . sfnLbf; cflbsf n]v, /rgfaf6 klg k|efljt ePF . cu|h sljx?af6 k|f]T;fxg / k|]/0ff k|fKt eof] . d]/f] lktfhL klg kmf6km'6 sljtf n]Vg'x'GYof] . sljtf k9]/ ;'gfpg' eGg'x'GYof]– afNdLls /fdfo0f k"/} d}n] k9]/ ;'gfPsf] lyPF . o:t} lktfhL kl08t x'g' ePsfn] pxfFsf] klg k|]/0ff kfPF . To;afx]s d]/f] dft[e"ld cf]vn9'+ufn] klg dnfO{ ;fy lbof] .

á ;+:s[t k9\g lsg /x/ ug'{eof] <

– hGdb]lv d[To';Ddsf ;+:sf/ Psflt/ ;+:s[tdf ul/g] / csf]{lt/ Oxnf}lss, kf/nf}lss, ;'vsf nflu k'/f0f nufpg], ;'Gg] / a'em\g] ;+:s[t g} dfWod ePsf] x'gfn] ;+:s[t g} To;a]nf clgjfo{ cfjZostf aGg uPsf] lyof] . ltgtfs g]kfnLdf P3f/ kf; u/]kl5 hflu/ kfOG5 eGg] ;'lgGYof], t/ ljåfg kl08t aGg / ufpFdf k|lti7f hdfpg ;+:s[t h:tf] c? dfWod gePsfn] tyf ufpFdf v'n]sf] efiff kf7zfnfdf lzIfs ag]/ cfpg' ePsf kl08t 9'08L/fh sf]O/fnfn] klg ;+:s[t k9\g] k|]/0ff lb+b} l;sfpg] klg ug'{ ePsfn] ;+:s[t k9]sf] x'F .

á c? yk s[lt k|sfzg ug]{ nIo klg 5 ls <

– cjZo 5 . g]kfnL ;+:s[lt sf]z -sl/a gf} ;o k]h_ / g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ tLy{:ynx?sf] kf}/fl0fssfnb]lvsf] dxTjsf af/]df n]v]sf] 5' . tL tLy{:ynx? dNnsfneGbf cufl8sf] kl/ro ToxfF 5 . af}4 / lxGb"x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ tLy{:ynx?sf] lrgf/L To; k':tsdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . j0ff{g'qmdaf6 P3f/ ;o hlt k|a[li6 ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f] b]zdf P3f/ ;ohlt tLy{:yn /x]5g\ eGg'k¥of] . h:tf] ls–j/fxLIf]q, d'lStIf]q kz'klt, u'x\o]Zj/L, hgsk'/ cflb x'g\ . Tof] lstfj ca rf8} g} k|sflzt ub}{5' .

á g]kfnsf tL P]ltxfl;s ;Dk"0f{ tLy{:ynx?sf] s;/L cWoog ug'{eof] <

– Tof] ;a n]Vg d}n] w]/} cWoog ug'{k¥of] . h:tf] ls j/fxk'/f0f, lxdjt v08, :sGwk'/f0f, g]kfn dxfTdLo cflbsf cltl/Qm ljleGg :yfgLo kqklqsfsf] cWoog, tL dWo] sl/a %÷^ ;o hlt :yndf cfkm}+ k'uL cWoog u/]/ tof/ u/]sf] x'F . o;afx]s b]jL eujtnfO{ g]kfnLdf h:tfsf] t:t} ?kfGt/ ug]{ sfd klg ;Sg} nfu]sf] 5' .

á lzIf0f k]zfn] n]vg If]qnfO{ c;/ kf/]g / <

– k9fpg'sf nflu k9\g} k5{ cWoog ug}{ kb{5 . gk9L t k9fpg} ;lsGg lg Û sd;]sd lbgsf] tLg 306f ;do k7gkf7gnfO{ lbg ;lsof] eg] To;/L k9]kl5 n]Vgsf nflu k|]/0ff x'Fbf]/x]5 . ljBfjfl/lw ug]{ qmddf km';{bsf] ;dodf k':tsfno uO{ cWoog cg';Gwfgdf nfu] . d]/f] ljBfjfl/lwsf] ljifo lyof]— cfF;'slj z+e'k|;fb 9'+u]n pgsf ;Gtfg g} /x]gg\— pgL 5of;L ;fnd} lbju+t ePsf lyP . >L # rGb| zDz]/sf ;dodf cfFF;'slj x'g k'u]sf 9'+u]n s;/L x'g k'u] eGg] d]/f] vf]hsf] ljifo aGof] . oxL vf]Hg] qmddf agf/;b]lv cf;fdsf s'gfsfKrf;Dd k'uL vf]Hbf t sl/a tLg;o hlt k':ts kf] /x]5g\ . d}n] clxn];Ddsf] vf]hdf ;aeGbf a9L k':ts n]Vg] pgL g} kfPF— Tof] d}n] k|dfl0ft u/]/ b]vfpg ;s]+ . ;/sf/L gf]s/L u/]sf] eP olt vf]h ug]{ tyf n]Vg] ;do g} s;/L kfpy] xf]nf / Û

á ljBfjfl/lw u/]/ klg lsg cfkm"nfO{ 8f=n]Vg / egfpg rfxg'x'Gg <

– d dfq xf]Og, O{Zj/ a/fn h:tf cu|hx? klg cfkm"nfO{ 8f=egL cem} n]Vg'x'GgYof] . klZrdL hutdf of] kL=Pr=8L=nfO{ 8fS6/ n]Vg] rng /x]g5 . d]l8l;g k9\g]nfO{ dfq 8fS6/ n]lvbf]/x]5 . xfdL sxfF t of] s] s] g xf] eg]/ n]Vg] rng ag]sf] /x]5 . dnfO{ r} s] nfUof] eg] cfkm"df of]Uotf 5 eg] Tof] 8fS6/]6 geP klg s]xL x'Fbf] /x]g5 .

á o;/L d]l8l;g k9\g] afx]s hf] lxhf] klg n]v] / cfhef]ln klg n]Vg] u/]sf 5g\– pgLx?k|lt tkfO{+sf] wf/0ff <

– cfkm\gf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf eP/, cWoog cg';Gwfg k"/f u/]/ n]Vg] u5{g\ eg] d pgLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg u5'{ .

á g]kfnL efiff ;flxTosf] slt;Dd ;]jf k'¥ofpg ;s]sf] dx;'; ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

– d}n] clxn];Dd %@ j6f lstfa n]lv;s]+– o; afx]s c? klg n]Vg] / k|sflzt ug]{ qmddf 5g\ . t/ g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTosf] ;]jf ug]{ sfd t clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejdf w]/} w]/} g} afFsL /x]sf] 5 .

á clxn]sf] n]vgz}nLnfO{ rflx+ tkfO{+n] s;/L x]g'{ ePsf] 5 <

– ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] xfd|f] ;dfh Psflt/ 5 eg] n]vg csf]{tkm{ uO/x]sf] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . dfwjk|;fb l3ld/], n]vgfy kf}8]nh:tf JolQmTjn] of] ;dfhnfO{ c7\ofP/ n]Vg ;Sg'eof] . clxn]sf n]vs sljx?n] kf7ssf] ?lrnfO{ c7\ofpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . To:sf] c;/ eg]sf] s[ltx? glaSg' kf7s gkfpg' g} xf] . o;sf] t'ngfdf lsg d'gfdbg cyjf uf}/Lh:tf s[lt slt ;+:s/0f 5flk;lsof], cem} s}of} jif{;Dd o;sf] ;+:s/0f yk x'Fb} hfg]5 . o;}u/L ;femf k|sfzgdf ;f];{ nufP/ 5fk]sf] s[lt Psxhf/k|lt 5flkof] eg] h:tfsf] t:t} bzjif{;Dd /lx/xg] d'gfdbg r} jif{sf] bz xhf/ yk 5flkb} hfg] . To;sf/0f kf7s Psflt/ n]vs csf]{lt/ x'g' ePg eGg] d]/f] egfO{{ xf] .

á clxn]sf n]vsx?n] lsg kf7ssf] dg ;dfpg] u/L n]Vg g;s]sf x'g\ t <

– jf:tjdf ;a}n] k9L lbpg\ eg]/ g} n]vsn] n]lvlbg] xf] . xf]Og eg] n]vgsf] s] dnnj < n]vs / kf7saLr cGt/ >[hgf x'g'df klZrdL k|efj tyf lxGbL ;flxTosf] k|efj k/]sf] x'g'k5{ . h;n] ubf{ n]vsx?nfO{ afFRg ;Sg] l:ylt ufx|f] kg{ uO/x]5 .

á ca n]vsx?n] s'g af6f]df lx+8\g] t <

– cfhsf n]vsx?n] k'/fg} af6f]df lx+8\g' k5{ eGg] kIfdf t d 5}g, t/ gofF ljifo tyf kf7sx?nfO{ cg'ej gePsf] ljifo lt/ hfg' ePg eGg] d]/f] egfO{{ xf] . h:tf] ls e"lk z]/rgsf] 3'Dg] d]r dflysf] cGwf]dfG5] gfds sljtf ;a}n] k9\5g\ Tof] uB sljtf eP klg vf]hL vf]hL k9\5g\ t/ jf:tjdf s[ltx?sf] ;[hgf u/]/ sfd x'Fb}g, t/ kf7ssf] dgnfO{ 5'g ;Sg] s[lt x'g'kb{5 eGg] d]/f] egfO{{ xf] .

á lzIf0f k]zfsf] ;Gt'i6L kIf klg s]xL 5 ls <

– ;/sf/L gf]s/Ldf xflh/ u/]/ lx+8\g' jf ef]ln kl;{ eGb} bz 6' kfFr ahfO{ lx+8\g' eGbf ;ohgf ljBfyL{nfO{ k9fpg] qmddf b+u kfg{ ;lsof] eg] Tof] eGbf dhf c? s] x'g;S5 / Tof] ;ohgfsf] cfTdfnfO{ v'zL kfg{ ;lsof] eg] Tof] eGbf csf]{ cfgGb s] x'g ;S5 / < ;a}n] k|z+;f u/] eg] Tof] cfgGb cfkm"df klg x'Fbf]/x]5 .

á of]Uotf Ifdtf eP/ klg lsg tkfO{+n] k|f]km];/sf] pkflw kfpg ;Sg'ePg <

– lqljljn] lj1fkg ubf{ d eGbf l;lgo/ sf]xL 5}gg\ eg]/ d t dVv k/]/ a;]sf] lyPF— n]vfOdf klg d} l;lgo/ x'F egL dVv k/]/ a;]sf] t d jL; jif{ ;xk|fWofks x'g]sf] gfd lg:sg' ;§f b'O{ jif{ dfq ;xk|fWofks x'g]sf] gfd kf] lg:Sof] . kmn:j?k ph'/L ug]{ lgsfo ;dIf k'u]+ . x/s'/fn] d ;Ifd lyPF . 5fglag ax; ug]{ lgsfon]— cGofok"j{s ?kn] o:tf] x'g uP5 eGb} k|fWofks kbdf e§/fO{hLnfO{ :yflkt ul/g'kb{5 egL cfb]z dfq xf]Og, Tof] lg0f{o g} ab/ ePsf] cfb]z uof] . t/ ljZjljBfno sfo{sfl/0fLn] kl5 cfPsf] o:tf] km};nf xfdL ab/ ug{ ;Sb}gf} egL hj/h:tL x}sd bnut efjgf /fv]/ u/]sf] x'gfn] d km]l/ ;jf]{Rrlt/ b/vf:t lbg hfg'eGbf lghL If]qdf :jtGq eP/ sfd ug'{ plrt 7fgL d}n] lqljljaf6 /fhLgfdf lbO{ cnu ePsf] x'F . sfg'gL km};nfn] d t k|fWofks agL g} ;s]+ xf]Og / <

nf6f]a'+uf]sf] 8fo/L

d's'Gb cfrfo{

a;df n]lvPsf] lyof], kfls6df/b]lv ;fjwfg Û d]/f] cl3lNt/sf] l;6df b'O{ afnsx? a;]sf lyP . abfd vfFb} s'/fdf dUg lyP .

tL b'j} afns kfls6df/sf af/]df s'/fsfgL ug{ yfn] . Pp6fn] eGof], xfdL jL/u~haf6 sn}of k'Ug yfNof}+ . t/ kfls6df/ t b]lvPg lg Û

csf]{n] ;+emfof], wt\ nf6f Û t}n] s'/f a'lemg;\ Û ;f/f ofq'sf] kfls6af6 k};f emfg]{, afx|–t]x| lsnf]ld6/sf] bz ?lkofF 76fOlbg], b'O{ hgfsf] l;6df tLg hgf a;fOlbg], TolQn] gk'u]/ a;el/ dfG5] sf]Rg]– kfls6df/ eg]sf log} t x'g\ lg . csf]{ kfls6df/ lsg rflxof] <

klxnf] afnssf] lrQ a'em]5 / eGof], 7Ls elg;\ of/ Û t/ s] ug'{, of] /f]u t /fhdfu{x?df x'O{lsg] a;x?df klg o:t} t xf] lg Û

d}n] eG7fg], cr]nsf oL e'/fe'/L slt af7f x'G5g\ Û xfdLnfO{ h'g s'/f eGbf ws nfU5, Tof] t logLx? lgw{Ss eP/ elglbG5g\ .

of]uLsf] ljrf/ ;fGb{les 5

utf+ssf] ;fKtflxs ljdz{df :j=of]uL g/xl/gfysf] ax'rlr{t cGt/jftf{ k'gM k|sflzt ul/Psf]
/x]5 . xfdLh:tf ljdz{sf k'/fgf kf7snfO{ ;f] cGt/jftf{ k'gM k9\g kfpFbf k'/fgf] lbg ofb cfof] . lgZro g} k~rfotsf] d'6' xNnfpg] cGt/jftf{ /x]5 . To;sf sltko ;Gbe{ clxn] klg plQs} ;fGble{s nfu] . cGt/jftf{sf] e"ldsfdf g} rf/306f nfdf] jftf{nfksf] cl3sf+z s'/f 5fKg ;lsPg eGg'ePsf] 5 . cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5, To;a]nf k~rfotsf] s'rqmaf6 jRg To;f] ul/Psf] eg]/ . /, tL g5flkPsf s'/f lgZro /fhf / tTsfnLg Joj:yfsf] lj?4df g} x'g'k5{ . Oltxf;sf] To; 38Ldf cGt/jftf{ 5flk+bf * dlxgf h]n a:g' k/] klg clxn] To:tf] cj:yf b]lvGg . d]/f] egfO{{sf] dtnj, tkfO{+n] u/]sf] Tolt nfdf] cGt/jftf{ ljrf/f]Q]hs ePsf]n] To;sf] /]sl8{ª ;'/lIft /fVg'eof] xf]nf, jf n]vf]6, l6Kk0fL klg lsg gxf];\, /fVg' eof] xf]nf, t/ clxn] cGt/jftf{ k'gM k|sflzt ubf{ To;sf] k"0f{ c+z geP klg Toltv]/ 5fKg dgfxL ul/Psf t/ clxn] 5fKg kfOg] s'/f lsg k|sflzt ug'{ ePg< cyf{t\ cGt/jftf{ k'gM k|sfzg ug'{sf] ;fydf Toltv]/ g5flkPsf] c+z clxn] 5fKbf s;f] xf]nf < s] of] ;+ej 5}g < oBlk k'g k|sfzg ul/Psf] dfdfu|L :jod\ klg o'jf k':tfsf] nflu sd /f]rs Pj+ 1fga4s eg] lyPg .

– /d]z ‘cs]nf‘
lj/f6gu/

o;sf] 5fglag s;n] ug]{ <

ldlt @)%& ;fn h]7b]lv s[lif a}+s l;Gw'nL zfvfdf eP, u/]sf 3f]6nf, cGofo ;xg'sf] b'MvbfoL kL8fsf] ;fgf] c+z oxfF k|:t't u/]sf] 5' .

rfn" k'FhL a]sDdf eP/ % nfv 8'j]sf], !* nfv 3f6f ePsf] tYo ljj/0f;lxt k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlk ;+nUg :ynut lg/LIf0f k|df0fx? ;dfj]z kmfOn -C0f pkef]Qmf ;+3 g]kfn_ u0f]zdfg sf7df8f}+ kf]=j=g= (!( kmf]g g+= $*^#$) cWoIf dfwjk|;fb zdf{, pkfWoIf e'kfn yfkf /xg' ePsf] If=p=;+=g]=sf] sfof{nodf ;'/lIft 5 . df/df k/]sf] ljkGg ju{nfO{ lgodfg';f/ sf/jfxL u/L df}lns xs lbnfOlbg] ;+3sf] lgodfg';f/ klxnf] r/0f ldlt @)%( ;fn df3 @$ ut] s[lif ljsf; a}+s dxfk|aGwsnfO{ a'emL pko'Qm lgb]{zg ug{, u/]sf] r=g]= !(! sf] kq . 5fFof Psk|lt dnfO{ k7fO{lbg' ePcg';f/ kmfu'g @ ut] k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . ldlt @)%& h]7af6 k|ToIf?kdf s[lif ljsf; a}+s l;Gw'nL zfvfn] 3f]6fnf gLlt sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] !* dlxgfkZrft ldlt @)%* ;fn ebf}df tTsfnLg ;'=lg=sf= hgsk'/sf lgoGqs e/ts'df/ zfSo / dxfk|jGws b]j]Gb|k|tfk zfxaf6 klg Aofks e|i6frf/ ePsf] lyof] . o;sf] ;fj{hlgsL klg ul/of], ;~rf/ dfWoddf . ldlt @)%(÷!!÷$ df >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ul7t cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f 6f]nL c~rn sfof{no hgs'k/nfO{ klg lgj]bg ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

– k|f]= ltnsljqmd yfkf, /ftdf6f bfgf pBf]u, hgtf kf]N6«L kmd{ sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf–^, /ftdf6f l;Gw'nL

kl/qmdf
O:nfd wd{

uf]s'nk|;fb zdf{

xfdLx?n] cGo wd{sf d"ne"t s'/faf/] klg hfgsf/L k|fKt ug'{k5{ . To;}n] oxfF O:nfd wd{sf] ;fdfGo kl/ro lbOG5 . O:nfd wd{sf ;+:yfks xh/t d'xDdb ;fxa lyP . o; wd{sf] ljsf; c/adf ePsf] lyof] . O:nfdsf] zflAbs cy{ xf]– æO{Zj/k|lt ;dk{0f .Æ o;af6 yfxf x'G5 ls O:nfd wd{n] cfTd;dk{0fsf] pkb]z lbG5 . o; wd{df cg]s]Zj/jfb / d"lt{k"hfnfO{ :yfg lbOG5 .

xh/t d'xDdb ;fxasf] hGd x'g'eGbf klxn] c/asf] cj:yf Hofb} g/fd|f] lyof] . g/xTof, Aolerf/ / dBkfgsf] lgs} k|rf/ ePsf] lyof] . ;'t]sf dflg;x? dfly cfqmd0f ug'{ k|z+;gLo sfd dflgGYof] . blGs/x]sf] cfuf]df lhpFbf dflg;x?nfO{ x'Tofpg' / ;;fgf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ af0fn] xfGg' cg'lrt sfo{ 7xl/GgYof] . o; k|sf/sf] cwd{nfO{ lgld6\ofGg kfg{ / wd{sf] :yfkgf ug{ egL d'xDdb ;fxanfO{ O{Zj/sf] b"t agfP/ k7fOof] . O:nfd wd{ pg} xh/t d'xDdb ;fxDdb ;fxasf pkb]zx?df cfwfl/t 5 . ;g\ %() O{:jLsf lbg c/asf] dSsf gu/df xh/t d'xDdbsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . pgsf] hGd x'g' cl3 g} pgsf a'afsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] pgsf] kfngkf]if0f pgsL cfdf / xh'/afn] u/] . afNoj:yf lgs} si7k|b lyof] . pgL ^ jif{sf] x'Fbf pgsL cfdf :ju]{ eOg\ eg] * jif{sf] pd]/df pgsf xh'/af k/nf]s eP .

xh/t d'xDdbsf] k|ltef ljnIf0f lyof] . pgsf] :d/0fzlQm cgf}7f] lyof] . pgsf] cfr/0f z'4 / rl/q lgisn+s lyof] . pgsf] x\bodf ul/a / b'MvLx?sf nflu ljz]if :yfg lyof] . pgsf] hLjgsf cfwf/ lyP– Odfgbf/L, ;Totf / sd{lgi7tf . vbL+hfl;t pgsf] ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . bfDkTo hLjg lgs} ;kmn eof] . d'xDdb ;fxa uDeL/ / lrGtgzLn lyP . pgLk|foM wd{ / bz{gsf ;d:ofx? / O{Zj/sf] cf/fwgfdf lgdUg /xGy] . pgsf] hLjgsfndf c/a–/fi6«x? O:nfdsf cg'ofoL eP .

O:nfd wd{sf] cfwf/

O:nfd wd{sf] cfwf/ s'/fg xf] / s'/fgdf O{Zj/Lo argx? ;+u|lxt 5g\ . xh/t d'xDdbn] ljleGg cj;/df To:tf argx? b]jb"tsf ;Gb]zx?af6 k|fKt u/] . To;}n] ‘s'/fg’nfO{ O{Zj/Lo arg eG5g\ . s'/fgnfO{ d'Vo tLg efudf ljeflht ug{ ;lsG5, h:tf]–

-!_ k|fy{gf, pkjf;, xHh, wg, ;DklQ / ljjfx;DaGwL lgod

-@_ k'/ftg / ;';dfrf/l;t ldNbfh'Nbf syf / P]ltxfl;s tYo

-#_ :ju{ / g/ssf] j0f{g . o;df Gofo, ;xgzLntf, kl/>d / st{Jox?sf] ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 .

d'Vo l;4fGt

O:nfd wd{sf d'Vo l;4fGtx? oL x'g\ –

-!_ Pp6f O{Zj/df ljZjf;M–O:nfd wd{sf] d"ndGq xf]– cNnfxafx]s csf]{ O{Zj/ 5}gg\ . pgL Ps / ;jf{wf/ x'g\ . lglj{sf/ / ;j{ zlQmdfg\ x'g\ . pQd / dxfg\ 5g\ .

-@_ kml/Ztf -nf]sf]ksf/L tyf ;flTjs a[lQjfnf JolQm . b]jb"tdf ljZjf;M h;/L k'/f0fx?df O{Zj/sf] cwLg cg]s b]jtfx? leGg–leGg sfd ug]{ dflgG5g\, To;/L g} O:nfddf kml/Ztfx? O{Zj/sf] cfb]zsf] kfng u5{g\ . pgLx? O{Zj/ / dfgjsf aLrsf] l;qmL x'g\ .

-#_ s'/fgdf ljZjf;M O:nfd wd{sf] wfld{s u|Gy s'/fg xf] . o;df O{Zj/Lo jrgx? /x]sf 5g\ . s'/fg c/aL efiffdf n]lvPsf] 5 . h'g;'s} sd{df lg0f{o lb+bf s'/fg x]g}{k5{ .

-$_ b]jb"tx?df ljZjf;M s'/fgdf b]jb"tx?df ljZjf; ug{ cfb]z lbOPsf] 5 . b]jb"tx? O{Zj/sf] ;Gb]znfO{ ;j{;fwf/0fsxfF k'¥ofpF5g\ / dfgjsf] ky k|bz{g u5{g\ . pgLx? ;Totf, z'4tf, lgisk6tf cflb u'0fx?n] o'Qm x'G5g\ .

-%_ lg0f{{o–lbj;, :ju{ / g/sdf ljZjf;M O:nfd wd{cg';f/ d[Tokl5 k'gh{Gddf ljZjf; ul/Gg . s'g} dflg;sf] d[To' ePkl5 p;sf] nf; -zj_ lrxfgdf /flvG5, hxfF d[To'sf] b]jb"tn] cfTdfnfO{ z/L/af6 5'6\ofpF5g\ . dflg;n] cfkm\gf sd{sf] kmn kfpF5 . s'/fgdf :ju{ / g/ssf] ;f+uf]kf+uf] j0f{g 5 . :ju{ P]Zjo{x?n] el/k"0f{ 5 . ToxfF cfgGbsf] ;fu/ 5 . g/s :ju{sf] k|lts"n :yfg xf], hxfF ljklQsf] cfuf] blGs/x]sf] x'G5 . O:nfd wd{ dfGg] k|To]s dflg;n] kfFr wfld{s st{Jox?sf] kfng ug'{k5{ . h:tf]M

-s_ wfld{s dtsf] pRrf/0fM o;sf] cleJolQmsf] ufg Ps jfSodf ul/G5, h;sf] cy{ xf]–cNnfx afx]s csf]{ O{Zj/ 5}gg\ / d'xDdb ;fxa pgsf b]jb"t x'g\ . ;w}+ PskN6 To;sf] pRrf/0f ug}{k5{ .

-v_ gdfhM kfFrkN6 gdfhnfO{ ;j{dfGotf k|fKt ePsf] 5– ;"of]{boeGbf klxn], lbpF;f], lbpF;f]kl5, ;"of{l/Qkl5 pgL ;'Tg'eGbf klxn] . gdfh k9\g'eGbf clu ‘ah"’ -xft uf]8f wf]P/ z'4 kfg]{ sfd_ ug'{k5{ .

-u_ hsftM of] O:dfn wd{sf] t];|f] cfwf/ xf] . o; wd{df Aofh lng lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 .

-3_ /dhfgsf] dlxgfdf j|t a:g'k5{ .

-ª_ xHh ug'{M kljq wfdx?sf] tLy{ofqf ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

/+ut/+u
dlxnf lgb]{zssf] bf];|f] rnlrq

y'k|} 7"nf Aofg/df rnlrqx?df d'Vo ;xfos lgb]{zg u/]/ rnlrq lgb]{zg ;DaGwL 1fg xfl;n u/]sL ;'lrq >]i7n] xfn k|bz{gsf] tof/Ldf /x]sf] rnlrq ‘k|]do'4’ lgb]{zg u/]/ g]kfnsL klxnL dlxnf rnlrq lgb]{zs aGg ;kmn ePsL ;'lrq >]i7n] km]l/ bf];|f] k6s rnlrq lgb]{zg ug]{ ePsL 5g\ . pgn] kl5Nnf] k6s 6Lsf ofVvfåf/f lnlvt pkGof; ‘cf}+nfsf] l;Gb'/’ rnlrqsf] kbf{df lgb]{zg ug{] ePsL 5g\ . gog/fh kf08]sf] k6syf ;+jfb, ;'dg rfkfufO{+sf] ;xlgb]{zg, ;/f]h zdf{sf] lgdf{0f lgoGq0f /xg] pQm rnlrq >LdfO{ eujtL lkmNd;\ k|f]8Szgsf] Jofg/df lgdf{0f x'g] ePsf] 5 . lgs6 eljiod} k"jf{~rnaf6 5fof+sg k|f/De ul/g] pQm rnlrqdf ;a} snfsf/x? 5gf}6 geO;s] klg gofF k|:t'ltsf ?kdf /fh' xdfnn] gfossf ?kdf clego ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .

b]jf ca /fhwfgLsf xnx?df

ef/tLo 6]lnl;l/on rGb|sfGtdf b]jfsf e"ldsf lgefPsf ef/tLo cleg]tf dflds a:g]tåf/f clelgt rnlrq ‘xfd|f]] ;fgf] 3/ xf]nf’ sf] /fhwfgLsf xnx?af6 k|bz{g cf/De ul/g] pQm rnlrqsf lgb]{zs czf]s >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . AZ sf] k|:t'lt /x]sf] ;f] rnlrqdf dfldssf cltl/Qm /fh]z xdfn, k"hf rGb, ch'{g >]i7, uf]kfn e'6fgL, lgdf{tfdWo]sf Ps clUg uf}td nufotsf afn snfsf/ cdg >]i7sf] clego x]g{ ;lsg]5 . sojs[i0fsf] syf ;+uLt /x]sf] o; rnlrq ;fdflhs kfl/jfl/s syfj:t'df tof/ kfl/Psf] atfOG5 .

;ftfsf] :j/

%$ jif{sf] Oltxf; af]s]/ klg kf6L{sf] ‘a'l4 a+uf/f]’ cem gknfpbf dnfO{ b'Mv nfu]sf] 5 .

– s]kL zdf{ cf]nL

;+ljwfg;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg] qmddf u0ftGqsf] s'/f cjZo p7\5, To:tf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLn] u0ftGq Tofu]sf] s;/L eGg ldN5 <

– kbd/Tg t'nfw/

/fhf klg Pp6f zlSt x'g\, o; cj:yfdf ca /fhtGqsf] eljiosf] af/]df s'g} klg k|Zg p7\g ;Sb}g .

– k|r08

dfcf]jfbLn] u0ftGqsf] gf/f lbP, 5f]8], ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/f lbP klg clGtddf 5f]8\g]5g\ . lsgls pgLx?sf] s]Gb|Lo k|Zg Tof] xf]Og . pgLx?sf] s]Gb|Lo k|Zg xf]– cGtl/d ;/sf/df ;xeflutf .

– df]xgljqmd l;+x

of] ;ftf

ljxLaf/–!% ut]

r k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gbaxfb'/ rGb c;+nUg /fi6«x?sf] t]x|f}+ lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L :jb]z lkmtf{ .

r ;flxlTos kqsf/ ;+3åf/f o; jif{sf] ejfgL ;flxlTos kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ l;lSsdsf jl/i7 kqsf/ Pj+ ;dfnf]rs lzj k|wfgnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] lg0f{o .

z'qmaf/

r >L % ;dIf g]kfnsf nflu yfONof08sf gjlgo'Qm /fhb"t >LdtL km]grf]d OGrf/f]Pg;fs / o'qm]gsf /fhb"t 8f=cf]n]x ;d]g6åf/f cf–cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] k|df0fkq k|:t't .

r ;+o'Qm clw/fHo -j]nfot_ ;/sf/åf/f g]kfnnfO{ b'O{j6f PdcfO{ !& x]lnsK6/ k|bfg .

cfOtaf/

r kz'klt ljsf; If]q sf]ifåf/f dlGb/sf] d'Vo If]qdf kf]lnlyg / Knfli6ssf] lunf; k|of]udf k|ltaGw .

r lghfdtL P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ dlGqkl/ifbsf] of]hgf ljkmn .

;f]daf/

r cfx\jfg ;d"x rfjlxnåf/f jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ 8f= s'df/axfb'/ hf]zL / al/i7 snfsf/ ;/f]bjfbs df]xg;'Gb/ >]i7 cleglGbt .

d+unaf/

r g]kfn rnlrq snfsf/ /fli6«o ;+3åf/f :j= >L % jL/]Gb| tyf >L % P]Zjo{sf] :d[ltdf >L % jL/]Gb|–P]Zjo{ rnlrq k'/:sf/ :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o .

a'waf/

r ;/sf/åf/f dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08 / 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ cft+ssf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds sfo{ u/]sf] hgfpFb} k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gdf d'2f bfo/ .

r a]lNhod ;/sf/åf/f g]kfnnfO{ ? !@ s/f]8 (# nfv C0f ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o .