b/af/l;t dfcf]jfbLsf] df]xe+u <
gof“ jfddf]rf{ aGg ;Sg]

h+undf a;]/ cfd gful/s, /fhgLlts sfo{stf{, ;]gf, k|x/L, ;a}nfO{ PDa';df kfg]{ u/]sf dfcf]jfbLx? ca b/af/sf] /fhgLlts PDa';df kg]{ ;Defjgf 5 . cfTd;dk{0fsf] z}nLdf Ps dlxgf cufl8 o'4lj/fd u/]sf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] s'g} klg dfu clxn];Dd k"/f ePsf] 5}g . y'gfdf k/]sf cfkm\gf ;fyLx?nfO{ l/xf gu/]sf]df dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfqmf]z JoQm ul//x]s} a]nf ;/sf/n] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08 / csf{ k|efjzfnL g]tf Pj+ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{;d]t dfly gofF d'2f bfo/f u/]/ csf]{ kf;f] yfk]sf] 5 . lxhf] /fhwfgLd} ;'/IffsdL{n] cfwf bh{g hj/h:tL rGbf p7fO/x]s} cj:yfdf kqmfp u/L dfcf]jfbLnfO{ nlHht t'NofP . zfxL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ yk r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] o;aLr 7fpF–7fpFdf u/]sf lqmofsnfkn] o'4lj/fdkl5 pgLx?k|lt hfu]sf] ;b\efjnfO{ Go"g u/fPsf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] dgf]jn emg\emg\ lug{ yfn]sf] 5 . ca pgLx? zfxL ;]gfn] to u/]s} cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ljjz x'g] ;Defjgf 5 .

o; cjlwsf 36gfqmdn] o'4lj/fdsf nflu dfcf]jfbL / b/af/aLr h] h:tf] ;xdlt ePsf] ePtf klg ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] b]pjf ;/sf/sf] ;dodf jftf{sf] cf8df u/]h:tf] zlQm ;~ro ug]{— h]naf6 sfo{stf{ 5'§fpg] / rGbf tyf xftxltof/ ;+sng ug{] sfd ug{ g;s'g egL ;/sf/, vf;u/L b/af/ / zfxL ;]gf ;hu /x]sf] 5 . of] o'4lj/fdaf6 dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ o'4df]rf{ jf h+undf a;]sf sfo{stf{x?sf] Hofg hf]ufpg] afx]s s]xL nfe ePsf] 5}g . o'4lj/fdsf nflu b/af/ ;xdt gePsf] eP pgLx?n] o;aLr 7"nf] Iflt Joxf]g'{ kg]{ ;Defjgf lyof] . s'g} /fhgLlts pknlAw j]u/sf] o'4lj/fdsf] cf}lrTo pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] hdft leq s;/L :yflkt ug]{ x'g\ x]g{ afFsL 5 . t/ of] o'4lj/fdnfO{ eg] ;a}n] :jfut u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] zlQm / l:ylt ga'em\g]x?n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ wGojfb lbPsf 5g\ . o'4lj/fdk|lt ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof b]v]kl5 hgtfdfly hf]/hj/h:tL ug]{ lqmofsnfk hf/L /fv]kZrft eg] pgLx?n] cToGt k|lts"ntf Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff / zflGtk"0f{ k|lqmofk|lt k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]kl5 klg 7fpF7fpFdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] dfG5] ckx/0f u/]sf], cfqmd0f u/]sf], hj/h:tL rGbf p7fPsf], rGbf glbg]x?nfO{ cft+lst u/]sf] h:tf 36gfx? e}/x]sf 5g\ . cWoIf k|r08 :jo+n] o:tf] sfo{ gug{ cfb]z lb+bf klg sfo{stf{x? To;nfO{ kfngf ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . b]pjf ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf dfcf]jfbLn] jftf{ e+u ug'{sf] sf/0f klg o:t} lyof]— k|r08x? jftf{af6} ;dfwfg vf]Hg] kIfdf lyP t/ csf]{ kIf pgsf] lgb]{zg ljk/Lt jftf{ lj?4 nfUof] . xfnsf 36gfqmdn] km]l/ To:t} x'g] t xf]Og eGg] z+sf pAHofpg' :jfefljs 5 . To;a]nf jftf{ e+u ePkl5 dfcf]jfbLx?n] zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Ldfly cfqmd0f u/L 7"nf] Iflt k'¥ofPsfn] ;'/IffsdL{x? clxn] lgs} ;r]t / s7f]/ b]lvG5g\ . /fhgLlts g]t[TjaLr s'g} ;xdlt eP tfklg pgLx? cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L 5f8\g tof/ 5}gg\ . To;}n] zfxL ;]gf, dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ aLr ePsf] ;dembf/Lsf] jf:tf gu/L dfcf]jfbL lj?4 r]tfjgLsf jQmJox? hf/L ul//x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] cfu|xx? cj1f u/L u}/sfg'gL sfd ug]{ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf ;d]t lng yfn]sf] 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr ePsf] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ ;]gfs} bafadf km]g'{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm\gf] k|efj If]qdf zfxL ;]gf hfg / a:g gkfpg] zt{ /fv]sf lyP . To;nfO{ ;]gfn] :jLsf/ u/]g . b]z / gful/sx?sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu d'n'ssf] ;]gf ;/sf/sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ h'g;'s} 7fpFdf klg hfg kfpg'k5{ eGg] pgLx?sf] c8fg 5 . b]zsf] s'g} efudf ;]gf hfg / cfkm"nfO{ v6fPsf] sfd ug{ gkfpg'sf] cy{ b]zdf b'O{j6f ;/sf/ 5 / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0f b]zel/ 5}g eGg] bfaLnfO{ dfGotf lbg'x'G5 . To;}n] dfcf]jfbLsf] pQm k|:tfj s'g} klg ;/sf/n] :jLsfg{ ;Dej lyPg . of] ;/sf/n] ;'?df :jLsf/]sf] eP s;/L :jLsf¥of], cgf}7f] ljifo ePsf] 5 . ;]gfn] bafa glbPsf] / dfcf]jfbLsf] Tof] dfu :jLsf/]sf] eP d'n's ljvl08t x'g ;QmYof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] Tof] dfu c:jLs[t ul/Psf] hfgsf/L clxn];Dd ;/sf/n] hgtfnfO{ lbPsf] 5}g . t/ ;/sf/ ca dfcf]jfbLsf] dfu pgLx?sf] zt{ cg';f/ g} :jLsfg{ tof/ gePsf] rflx+ :ki6 ePsf] 5 . oxL sf/0fn] b'O{ kIfaLrsf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 3f]if0ffdf ljnDa ePsf] xf] .

;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 dfcf]jfbLl;t jftf{ ug]{ clVtof/ kfpg' ePsf Psdfq JolQmTj gf/fo0fl;+x k'g / dfcf]jfbL g]tf aLr lxhf] klg o;af/] jftf{ ePsf] ;+s]t kfOPsf] 5 . k'gn] o;cl3 g} dfcf]jfbLsf] k|:tfjk|lt ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f ;lxt cfrf/;+lxtfsf] k|:tfj ;lxtsf nflu dfcf]jfbL g]t[TjnfO{ k7fO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . ptfaf6 hjfkm cfPsf] 5}g . b'j} kIfsf] ;xdlt / x:tfIf/kZrft hf/L x'g] cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ b'j} kIfn] kfngf ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:tfIf/ geP;Dd ;/sf/L k|lqmof oyfjt hf/L /fVg] gLlt ;/sf/n] agfPsf] 5 . oxL sf/0fn] o'4lj/fdsf] dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg jftf{sf] jftfj/0f aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . of] ;ftf ‘jftf{sf] nflu jftf{ x'g]’ ;Defjgf lyof] t/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm\gf] cj}w lqmofsnfk hf/L /fv]sf] / cfrf/;+lxtfdf ljjfb p7]sf]n] Tof] klg ;Dej ePg . Ps hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/, lxhf] dGqL gf/fo0fl;+x k'g;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf dfcf]jfbL g]tf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] b'O{ lbgleq cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 cfrf/;+lxtfsf] clGtd k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 .

hfgsf/ ;"q cg';f/, dfcf]jfbLx?n] b/af/sf] o:tf] s7f]/ gLltsf] sNkgf u/]sf lyPgg\ . ;a} k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? b/af/ lj?4 nfu]sf] a]nf b/af/n] cfkm\gf] zlQm clea[l4 ug{ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ;fy lnP/ c? kf6L{nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] /0fgLlt ckgfpg] ck]Iff lyof] . /fhfnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpgsf nflu g} pgLx?n] c? kf6L{x?nfO{ ;'O{+sf] ;d]t glbO{ b/af/l;t s'/f u/]/ o'4lj/fd u/]sf lyP . t/ pgLx?n] o; cl3 b]pjf / sf]O/fnfnfO{ em'SofP em}+ em'Sofpg] x'g\ ls eg]/ b/af/ ;'?d} ;r]t ePsf]n] dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfzf u/]h:tf] kl/0ffd ePg . ca pgLx? b/af/n] cfkm"nfO{ wf]vf lbPsf] dx;'; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . h]ndf y'lgPsf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cbfntsf] cfb]z kl5 klg g5f]l8Psf], 5f]l8Psf sfo{stf{nfO{ k'g lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf], dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?dfly nufOPsf] d'2f cfddfkmLsf] ?kdf vf/]h ul/of];\ eGg] dfunfO{ c:jLs[lt ul/Psf] sf/0fn] If'Jw ePsf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx? o;aLr l;Gw'nLsf] ledfgl:yt k|x/L rf}sLdf ePsf] eLif0f cfqmd0fsf] cfwf/df cWoIf k|r08 / g]tf afa'/fd e§/fO{;lxt sl/a ^ ;o dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ lj?4 d'2f bfo/ ug'{sf;fy} lgoGq0ffTds cleofg tLj| kf/]kl5 b/af/k|lt pgLx?sf] df]x e+u ePsf] cfef; kfOG5 . olb dfcf]jfbLx?n] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g k|fKt ug{ ;s]gg\ eg] pgLx?n] cfufdL lbgdf emg\ k|lts"n l:ylt Joxf]g'{ kg]{ nIf0f 5 .

b/af/n] hfndf kf/]/ bafpg vf]h]sf] / k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] cljZjf; u/]sf] dx;'; u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLx? ;fgf jfdkGyL /fhgLlts bnx?;+u ;xsfo{ ug{ h'6]sf 5g\ . o; qmddf cl:t a'waf/ Pdfn] Ot/ jfd kf6L{ / dfcf]jfbLaLr u+eL/ 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;Dj4 ;"qsf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLx? ca b/af/l;t s'g} ;+emf}tf ug]{ eGbf /fhgLlts bnx?l;t ldn]/ cfGbf]ng ug]{ kIfdf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] b/af/sf] df]x Tofu]/ k|hftGqsf] ;+/If0f / k|ultzLn kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf nfu]df g]skf dfcf]jfbL;lxtsf] jfddf]rf{ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf klg JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] of] k|:tfjk|lt ljz]if ?lr b]vfPsf 5g\ .

% ut] >L % lbNnL hfg]

>L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf] ef/t e|d0fsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg lxhf] Pp6f 6f]nL lbNnL uPsf] 5 . clxn] jgfOPsf] ;jf/Lsf] ?k/]vf cg';f/ df};"km r}t % ut] -!( tf=_ To;tkm{ hfg] / !^ ut] -#) tf=_ kmls{g] sfo{qmd 5 . df};"kmsf] :jfut /fi6«klt / k|wfgdGqLn] ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] b'j} g]tfx?sf] ;do cg's"n kf/]/ hfg' kg]{ x'gfn] % ut] geP ^ ut] hfg] j}slNks k|:tfj k7fOPsf] 5 . >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 lbNnLdf /fi6«klt / k|wfgdGqLsf cltl/Qm ljleGg kf6L{sf g]tf / a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ klg e]6\g] sfo{qmd 5 . of] cj;/nfO{ df};"kmaf6 ef/tLo g]tfx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] l:yltsf] hfgsf/L lbg'sf ;fy} ef/tn] xfn k'¥ofO{ cfPsf] ax'kIfLo ;xof]unfO{ cem k|efjsf/L 9+un] lg/Gt/tf lbg cfu|x ug{ pkof]u ul/aS;g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . ko{j]Ifsx? df};"kmsf] of] e|d0fsf] k|efj dfcf]jfbLx?;Fusf] efjL jftf{df klg kg]{ / ;f] e|d0fkl5 dfq jftf{n] ult lng] c8\sn ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . >L % af6 ef/tdf /lxcfPsf s]xL g]kfnLx?nfO{ e]6\g] sfo{qmd 5 . /fhfsf] e|d0f, To;dfly b]zsf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ :jo+ >L % af6 u|x0f ul/aS;]sf] l:yltdf x'g nfu]sf] e|d0fnfO{ ko{j]Ifsx? uDeL/ dxTjsf ;fy x]l//x]sf 5g\ .

of] e|d0fnfO{ :jfefljs ?kdf d'n'ssf] t/n /fhgLlts l:yltsf] ;Gbe{df x]l/P tfklg df};"kmsf] ofqfsf] d'Vo / 3f]lift nIo ‘wfld{s’ /xg] atfOG5 .

df};"km lbNnLsf cltl/Qm cGo rf/ :yfgdf ;jf/L xf]OaS;g]5, To;dWo] /fd]Zj/d\, sfFrL sfdsf]6L cflb klg x'g]5g\ . df};"km uf]jf jf To:t} s'g} ko{6sLo :yndf klg ;jf/L x'g] sfo{qmd agfOb}5 .

afn'jfdf kfgL

xl/x/ lj/xL

otfjf6 ptf . ptfaf6 otf . slxn] sf+u|];sf g]tf sxfF, slxn] Pdfn]sf g]tf sxfF . slxn] /fk|kf, ;b\efjgf / ;fgf jfd kf6L{x? . slxn] a'l4hLjL, dfgj clwsf/jfbL / gful/s ;dfh . slxn] nlntk'/, slxn] eQmk'/ . slxn] h]nsf] 9f]sfdf, slxn] cbfntsf] xftfdf . clg dGqL . dGqL;Fu t l5gl5gdf e]6\g' kg]{ . klxn] jL/]Gb| emfkfnL / wlg/fd, clxn] dx/f / bLgfgfy . g]kYoaf6 k|r08, afa'/fd / jfbn klg . === ljut Ps dlxgfb]lv dfcf]jfbLx? lg/Gt/ / tLj| ultdf of] s;/t ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] k|oTg / kl/>dsf] ult emg\emg\ tLj| x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . t/ o:tf] nfU5, pgLx?sf] d]xgt / kl;gf d?e"lddf kfgL vGofP ;/x eO/x]sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbL g]tf jf pgLx?sf b"tx? gk'u]sf] s'g} 7fpF 5}g . s'g} bn 5}g . -ca t s;}s;}n] pgLx?nfO{ e]6\g ;do lbg klg 5f]8]sf 5g\ ._ ;a}hgf pgLx?sf] s'/f Wofgk"j{s ;'G5g\, s]xL k|Zg u5{g\, k|To'Q/ kfPkl5 ‘;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf’ ;fy ljbf u5{g\ / pgLx? 9f]sfaf6 aflx/ gk'Ub} ;f]Rg yfN5g\— s], s'/f olQ dfq xf]nf < olQsf] nflu logLx? oqf] cfGbf]ng dRofPsf x'g\ t < Toqf] jlnbfg kmut olQsf nflu < logLx? xfdLnfO{ d"v{ 7fg]/ cfPsf t x}gg\ < km]l/ em'Sofpg] x}gg\ . wf]sf lbg] t x}gg\ < s;/L kTofpg] < === xf], clxn];Dd dfcf]jfbLsf] b"tsf] ?kdf ck|Toflzt 9+un] k|s6 ePsf b"tx? x'g\ jf jftf{sf] jftfj/0f agfpg v6fOPsf k|ltlglwx? x'g\, pgLx?n] eg]sf k|foM x/]s s'/fnfO{ g]tf / a'l4hLjLx? z+sf / cljZjf;sf] b[li6n] x]l//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf s'/f, :ki6Ls/0f / cfZjf;gnfO{ sf]xL klg uDeL/?kdf lnO/x]sf 5}gg\ . zflGt xf];\, jftf{ xf];\ / jftf{df cfkm\gf] klg e"ldsf xf];\ eGg] rfxgf ;a} bnsf] 5 . o'4lj/fd ePsf]df ;a} v'zL 5g\ . s'g} sf/0fn] jftf{ ljyf]lng] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf ;a}df 5 . ;a} bn klxn] h;/L jftf{ e+u gxf];\ / dfcf]jfbLx? ca kms]{/ h+un ghfpg\ eGg] sfdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] clxn];Dd /ftf] lbg s7f]/ kl/>d / cg]s k|oTg ubf{ klg s'g} klg bnsf] ;xof]u / ljZjf; xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;a} pgLx?sf] lgotsf] k/LIf0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;/L dfcf]jfbLx? zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf / ;xdlt cg';f/ sfd ug{ tTk/ eP/ klg ljutsf cltjfbL lqmofsnfk / lrGtgn] ubf{ hl6n clUgk/LIffaf6 u'lh|g' kl//x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf nflu pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] k'/fgf] ljrf/ / Jojxf/ b'j} kl/jt{g ePsf] / x'g] ljZjf; lbnfpg' kg]{5 . pgLx?df clxn];Dd klg :ki6tf / kf/blz{tf gePsf] cg'ej g]tfx?sf] 5 . ;Da}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf ;dy{s /fhgLlts bnx?n] p7fOcfPsf z+sf / ;jfn cem} cg'Ql/t g} 5g\ . o:t} nfU5, efjL gLlt–/0fgLltaf/] pgLx? b'ljwf / cGof}nd} 5g\ . ;DejtM To;}n] pgLx? sltko k|;+udf cfjZostfeGbf a9L uf]Kotf ckgfO/x]sf 5g\ . oxfF;Dd ls k|hftflGqs k|lqmofdflysf] pgLx?sf] k|ltj4tf s'g k|sf/sf] xf], tby{ xf] ls :yfoL xf] eGg] ;d]t :ki6 ePsf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?n] k|hftflGqs k|lqmofaf6 b]z / hgtfsf cfwf/e"t ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;Dej 5}g eGg] lgisif{df k'u]/ g} jGb's af]s]sf 5g\ . æzlQm aGb'ssf] gfnaf6 lgl:sG5Æ eGg] pgLx?sf] k'/fg} dfGotf xf] . dfcf]T;]t'ªsf k'/fgf ‘/]8a's’df pNn]lvt pQm dfGotfnfO{ dfcf]sf ‘;+slnt /rgfx?’df cfhsnsf k|sfzsx?n] klg :yfg lb+b}gg\ . cfhsf] ljZjsf] d"nwf/ zflGtk"0f{ k|lqmofaf6} ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'G5, x'g ;S5 / x'g'kb{5 eGg] kIfdf 5 . :jo+ dfcf]sf] d'n'sn] klg v'nfkg, pbf/jfb / k|hftflGqs/0fsf] dfu{ cjnDag ub}{ s§/kGyL / cltjfbLx?nfO{ cfkm"nfO{ ;Rofpg w]/} cl3 g}

;Gb]z lbPsf] lyof] . Tof] ;Gb]znfO{ k'FhLjfbL / knfog eGb} d'n'snfO{ cem s§/tfsf] lbzfdf n}hfg vf]Hg] ljb|f]xL jf rf}s8Lx?sf] cl:tTj;d]t cfh ToxfF 5}g . t/ dfcf]jfbLx? ;a} oyfy{x?k|lt cfFvf lrDn]/ h+un dfq k;]gg\, b]znfO{ h+unL o'udf k'¥ofpg] k|j[lQ / Jojxf/ k|bz{g u/] . pgLx?n] Joj:yf / JolQm b'j} dfly k|xf/ u/] . k|HfftflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ ;d"n gi6 ug]{ cfkm\gf] k"j{ 3f]if0ff pgLx?n] lkmtf{ lnPsf 5}gg\ . b/af/;Fu s'g} uf]Ko ;+emf}tf ul/Psf] 5}g eGg' dfqn] k|hftflGqs d"No dfGotfk|lt cf:yfsf] k|df0f x'g ;Qm}g .

k|hftGqsf] /Iff / ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf b/af/l;t ;+emf}tf u/]df klg s;}nfO{ cfklQ x'g] 5}g . o'4lj/fdsf] nflu s'g} ;+emf}tf ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eGg] k|ZgeGbf dxTjsf] s'/f pgLx?sf] Wo]o s] xf] eGg] xf] . k|lqmofeGbf nIo x]l/g'kb{5 . lgZro g} k|hftGqdf k|lqmofsf] klg dxTj x'G5, ;fWo dfq x}g ;fwg klg x]l/G5 . t/ nIo jf ;fWo g} unt / cjflG5t ePdf kljq ;fwg / k|hftflGqs k|lqmofåf/f g} xfl;n x'g] eP klg To;nfO{ a/0f ug{ ;lsb}g . dfcf]jfbLx?sf] clxn]sf] clwstd df+u ;+ljwfg;ef xf] . pgLx?n] clxn];Dd klg Tof] df+usf] cf}lrTo :yflkt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cf}lrTo :yflkt k|oTg ;d]t ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ePdf cyf{t\ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ ckl/jt{gLo agfpg] ;+ljwfg cu|ufdL g} x'g]5 eGg] ljZjf; s;/L ug]{ egL cfd gful/ssf] txaf6 p7]sf] k|Zg klg cem} cg'Ql/t 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj u/fpg] 3f]if0ff ul/Pdf Tof] r'gfj ;DkGg ug{ / gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ ljleGg ljjfb lems]/ jiff}{+ nufO{ k|hftGqnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd b/af/df jGws /flvg] cfz+sf d]6\g] lt/ klg pgLx? nfu]sf 5}gg\ . ;+ljwfg;ef hgtfsf] dtåf/f g} u7g ug]{ k|rng 5 . ;+ljwfg;efdf ljZjf;sf] cy{ xf]— dtbfgåf/f lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmofk|lt cf:yf . zflGtk"0f{ / k|hftflGqs k|lqmofk|lt ljZjf;sf] k|fylds klxrfg xf] Tof] . dtbfg / k|hftflGqs lgjf{rg k|lqmofdf ljZjf; ug]{x?n] ;+;bLo jx'bnLo k|0ffnLsf] lj/f]w ug'{ xf:of:kb x'G5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] k|hftflGqs lgjf{rg k|lqmof / ;+;bLo k4ltaf6 b]z / hgtfsf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g ;Qm}g eGg] ljrf/ kl/jt{g ePsf] hgfPsf 5}gg\ . pgLx? klxn] ;+;b\sf] r'gfjdf ;xefuL ePs} x'g\ . s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f :jo+ k|ltlglw;efdf lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP . kl5Nnf] r'gfjdf pgLx?n] dt kfPgg\ . To;sf] nuQ} pgLx? aGb's af]s]/ k|hftGqjfbL, ;+;b\jfbL / k|hftGqsf /Ifs hgtf / /fi6«;]jsx?nfO{ sf6\g lgl:sP . olb ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klg k/fhLt ePdf km]l/ To;}u/L lx+;fTds æhgo'4Ædf nfUg] 5}gg\ eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ ljZjf; pgLx?n] lbnfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . of] ljZjf; lbnfpg] k|oTg klg ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . ha;Dd pgLx?n] k|HfftflGqs d"No dfGotfk|lt cfkm\gf] cf:yf k|dfl0ft ug{ ;Qm}gg\, To;a]nf;Dd dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ k|hftGqjfbL, ;+;b\jfbL / /fhgLlts Joj:yfnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ k|lqmofåf/f cu|ufdL lbzfdf n}hfg rfxg] bn, ;+:yf, ;d'bfo / JolQmn] jf:tljs ;xof]u ug{ ;Dej 5}g . k|HfftGq / cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf /x]sfx?nfO{ b/af/n] k|foM ;w}+ ;+s6df kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 . pgLx?n] ;w}+— ;Qfdf a;]sf a]nfdf ;d]t— b/af/n] k]n]sf] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] wf/0ff 5— ‘b/af/ klg k|hftGq lj/f]wL, dfcf]jfbL klg k|hftGq lj/f]wL . ;+s6af6 d'Qm x'gf;fy b'a}n] k|hftGqlj?4 ‘sfo{ut Pstf’ ug{ c;Dej 5}g .’ oBlk b/af/ klg dfcf]jfbLk|lt s7f]/ 9+un] g} k|:t't eO/x]sf] 5, t/ b/af/nfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u gul//x]sf /fhgLlts bnx?n] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ;fdfGo cfu|x—cg'/f]ws} e/df ;xof]u ug]{ cfzf ug'{ g} Joy{ xf] . /fhgLlts p2]Zoaf6 ;+rflnt cfGbf]ngdf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] u/]sf uNtLsf] cfwf/df pgLx?k|lt zq'jt efjgf /fVg' plrt x'Fb}g . sf+u|];, Pdfn] jf To:t} cGo kf6L{x?n] cfkm\gf] sfo{stf{ / ;dy{sx?dfly dfcf]jfbLn] cfttfoL Jojxf/ ;+em]/ dfcf]jfbLk|lt ;w}+ To:t} wf/0ff /fVg' x'Fb}g . /fi6«, hgtf / k|hftGqsf] j[xQ/ lxtsf nflu pgLx? ‘d'6'dfly 9'+uf /fv]/ xf:g'’ k5{ . b"/bzL{ / pbf/ g]tfx?n] of] ug{ ;S5g\ . ug'{ klg k5{ . t/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] o'4lj/fdsf] nIo Pj+ cfkm\gf] gLlt–/0fgLlt tyf ljrf/ / Jojxf/af/] e/kbf]{ k|Tofe"lt glbP;Dd pgLx?sf] ;lqmotf >d / ;xof]usf] ofrgfsf] >[+vnfk|lt nfdf] eP klg Tof] afn'jfdf kfgL vGofP eGbf a9L dxTjsf] x'g] 5}g . kfgL kf]Vb}df ?v pld|b}g .

sf]O/fnfsf b"t b]zel/ vl6P

;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] d"n dGq dfGg] / k6s–k6s /fhfaf6} wf]sf kfpg] u/]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; ca /fhfaf6 x'g] k|ltudgsf] vt/f lj?4 ufpF–ufpFdf cleofg rnfpg] ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] lxhf] pkTosfdf /x]sf k"j{ / jt{dfg s]Gb|Lo ;b:o, k"j{;f+;b, lhNnf ;efklt / gu/ If]qsf sfo{stf{x?sf] Pp6f e]nfnfO{ k|ltudgsf lj?4 ufpF–ufpFdf hfg / k|hftGqsf kIfdf hgr]tgf a9fpg lgb]{zg lb+b} of] sfo{qmdsf] k|f/De ug'{eof] . sf+u|];n] ;'? u/]sf] ‘kf6L{ ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf k|ltudgsf lj?4 hgr]tgf cleofg’ cGt/ut of] k6s sf+u|]; ;a} lgjf{rg If]q / ltgsf klg ufpF–ufpFdf k'Ub}5 . o;sf nflu k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qdf b'O{–b'O{hgf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw x'g] u/L $!) hgf k|ltlglwx? vl6Psf 5g\ . s'g If]qdf s;nfO{ v6fOPsf] 5 eGg] gfdfjnL kf6L{n] lxhf] hfl/ul/;s]sf] 5 . kf6L{ ;"qn] hgfP cg';f/ cfpFbf] xKtfsf] ;'?b]lv g} ltgLx? v6fOPsf If]qtkm{ k|:yfg ug]{5g\ . tL k|ltlglwx? dWo] sltkon] lxh} cfkm\gf] efudf k/]sf If]qdf k'u]/ Jofks ?kn] hgr]tgf ug]{ / clxn]sf] cGof}nk"0f{ l:yltaf6 u|fdL0f e]usf hgtfdf plAhPsf] e|dnfO{ d]6\g] lgb]{zg ;lxtsf] kq a'lem;s]sf 5g\ .

c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL sbdkl5 sf+u|];n] lhNnf–lhNnf k'Ug] u/L v6fPsf] of] bf];|f] cg'udg 6f]nL xf] . o; cl3 s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] g]t[Tjdf k|To]s c~rndf b'O{hgf x'g]u/L @$ j6f 6f]nL agfP/ :ynut cWoog ug{ k7fPsf] lyof] . To;n] df3 d;fGtleq s]Gb|df k|ltj]bg a'emfO;s]sf] klg lxh} hgfOPsf] 5 . To;sf] cfwf/df / vf;u/L o'4lj/fdkl5sf] cj:yfsf] ;d]t cjnf]sg u/]/ k|ltj]bg lbg] atfOPsf] 5 .

lxhf] ;efklt sf]O/fnf kf6L{leqsf] u'6aGbL / s]Gb|Lo txd} s]lGb|t x'g] sf+u|];leq knfPsf] /f]uk|lt lgs} s8f b]lvg'eof] . pxfFsf] egfO{ lyof]— ‘ca u'6aGbLn] kf6L{ rNb}g, To;f] ug]{ JolQm /fli6«o g]tf x'g ;Qm}g, g]tf x'G5' eGg]x?n] t]/f, d]/f] eGg] 5f8]/ of] kf6L{sf] em08fdfq x]g'{k5{ . o;sf] ;Gb]z ufpF–ufpF k'uf];\ .’ sf]O/fnfn] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf x'g'eGbf csf]{ ljsNk g/x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] . pxfFn] egg'eof]— ;+ljwfgsf ckl/jt{gLo wf/f afx]s of] ;+ljwfgn] ;a} lgsf; lbg ;Qm5 . dfcf]jfbLx? klg hgtfs} kIfdf nfU5g\ eg] To;sf] lgsf; eg] ;+;b\ g} xf] . ljb]zLn] klg hgtf / ltgsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ kf6L{x?s} kIfdf nfUg' k5{ . pgLx?n] klg hgtf stf 5g\ eGg] b]lv;s]sf 5g\ .’

;efklt sf]O/fnfn] kf6L{leq u'6aGbL a9]sf] egL lgs} k6s bf]xf]¥ofpg' eof] / ca To;nfO{ 5f8\g ;a}nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg' eP klg oxL sfo{qmddf Pp6f csf]{ u'6jGbL b]lvof] . sl/a rf/;oeGbf a9Lsf] ;+VofnfO{ s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw agfP/ k7fpFbfsf] ;"rLdf cfkm\gf dg gldNg]x?sf gfpF;d]t ;dfj]z gul/Psf] u'gf;f] sfo{stf{x?n] ToxL+ k|s6 u/]sf lyP . of] s'/f ToxfF af]Ng lbOPg . w]/} sfo{stf{x? laxfg}b]lv cfkm"n] ef]u]sf / b]v]sf s'/fx? g]tfx?nfO{ ;'gfpg] dgl:ylt agfP/ ToxfF k'u]sf lyP . ;dofefjn] xf] ls ;efklt sf]O/fnfsf] c:j:ytfsf sf/0fn] xf] sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{x? klxnf] lbgg} lg/fz b]lvP . d'n'sdf uDeL/ 36gfx? e}/x]sf] cj:yfdf klg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] j}7s pko'Qm ;dodf e}/x]sf] 5}g . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7s gePsfn] dgldNg]x? 5'§f5'§} a;]/ 5nkmn ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ To;n] cf}krfl/stf gkfPsf]n] kf6L{ To;sf] nfeaf6 al~rt ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ k'/fg} 9/f{af6 rln/x]sf] 5 . dxflwj]zgsf] b'O{ jif{ ljlt;Sbf klg dxf;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;'/;f/ ePsf] 5}g . lsg sf+u|];n] k|hftflGqs k|lqmofdf cjnDjg ul//x]sf] 5}g eGg] k|Zgx? sfo{stf{n] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . g]tfx?nfO{ cfd sfo{stf{n] ;xh e]6\g gkfpg], e]63f6sf kmf]/dx? cyf{t\ ljwfg adf]lhd ul/g' kg]{ sfd l9nf] / clglZrt g} /xg] cflb kIfx? sf+u|];leq cfnf]rgfsf] ljifo aGg yfn]sf] 5 . lxhf]sf a}7ssf nflu cfPsf s}of}+ sfo{stf{x? cfkm"x?n] ;efklt sf]O/fnfnfO{ e]6\g nfdf] ;dob]lv k|oTg ul//x]sf] t/ sf]O/fnfsf kL=P=n] ‘pxfF c:j:Yo x'g'x'G5, s]xL lbg e]6\g ;Dej 5}g’ eGb} ?vf] hjfkm lbPsf] u'gf;f] ul//x]sf lyP . pgLx?sf] egfO lyof]— e]nfdf af]Ng gkfpg] / e]6\g gkfpg] xf] eg] xfd|f] s'/f g]tfn] s;/L ;'G5g\ < hgtfsf] s'/f g;'gL s;/L lg0f{o ub{5g\ < g]tfx?n] clxn] ckgfPsf sltko gLlt hgtfnfO{ dg k/]sf] 5}g . Tof] s'/f g]tfn] ;'Gg] ls g ;'Gg] < ;'Gg] xf] eg] s;/L ;'Gg] < xfd|f] b'ef{Uo s] xf] eg] kf6L{ ;efkltn] slxNo} cfkm\gf] kL=P=;d]t slxNo} pko'Qm dfG5] /fVg ;Sg'ePg .

jfdb]jsf] d'vdf dfwjsf] tfNrf

km'6]sf] kf6L{ h'6fP/ ePsf] dxflwj]zg ;dflKtsf] xif{ a9fO{ g;lsb} Pdfn]leq jfdb]j uf}tdn] km]l/ ljb|f]xsf] lju'n ahfPsf 5g\ . t/ Pdfn] g]t[Tj t'?Gt} ljefhg / ljb|f]xsf] ;Defjgf /f]Sg t'?Gt} / s7f]/tf;fy k|s6 eof] . kf6L{sf] lg0f{o ljk/Ltsf jfdb]j uf}tdsf cleJolQm ;fj{hlgs x'gf;fy pxfFdfly sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOof] / lxhf] :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cleo'Qmsf] ?kdf v8f u/L To:tf cleJolQm glbg uf}tdnfO{ ;r]t t'NofOof] .

uf}tdn] nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] ;/sf/n] ;+s6sf] lgsf;sf nflu dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug{ ;Sg] / ;/sf/nfO{ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;3fpg' kg]{ wf/0ff ljleGg ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdx?df JoQm ug'{sf ;fy} of] ;/sf/nfO{ c;+j}wflgs egL /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;/sf/l;t ;Dafb / 5nkmn g} gug'{ plrt gx'g] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] To:tf] gLlt ePtf klg cfkm"nfO{ lrQ ga'em\g] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To:t} pxffn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf lg0f{o gu/]sf] eP tfklg b]z ;+ljwfg;efsf] d'2fdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf] ljrf/ k|s6 ub}{ ;+ljwfg;efn] g} ;+ljwfg agfpg' plrt x'g] /fo k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

pxfFsf] pQm ljrf/ k|sfzdf cfpgf;fy sfo{stf{x?sf] efjgfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L sdn sf]O/fnf cWoIf /xg' ePsf] cg'zf;g sld6Ln] rf;f] b]vfO{ uf}td;Fu :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]sf] lyof] . tt\kZrft uf}tdn] cfkm"n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf af]n]sfn] g} dfwj g]kfnkIfn] sf/jfxL ug{ vf]h]sf] bfaL ub}{ kf6L{sf] dxflwj]zgn] lgsf;sf nflu ;a} ljsNk v'Nnf /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sfn] cfkm"n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf eGbf k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] kIfdf plePsfn] uf}tdsf] af]nLdf nufd nufOPsf] xf] .

lxhf]sf] :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|foM ;a} ;b:on] kf6L{n] dfGotf glbPsf] rGb ;/sf/k|lt uf}tdn] b]vfPsf] ;f}xfb|tfk|lt s8f zAbdf cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . cfkm\gf] egfO{ kf6L{sf] gLlt ljk/Lt gePsf] bfaL uf}tdn] u/] klg a}7sdf pxfFsf] kIfdf ;fy lbg] sf]xL ePg . oxfF;Ddls uf}tdnfO{ kf6L{ cg'zf;g lg/LIf0f sld6Ln] :ki6Ls/0f dfu ubf{ To;sf] lj/f]w ug]{ :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o klg a}7sdf uf}tdnfO{ ;fy lbg' ePg .

of] k|s/0fdf jfdb]j dfly kf6L{n] u/]sf] sf/jfxLnfO{ /fhgLlts ko{j]Ifsx?n] :jfefljs 7fg]tf klg of] sbd kf6L{nfO{ cg'zfl;t agfpg] eGbf cfkm\gf cfnf]rsnfO{ t;f{pg] lgotn] rflnPsf] cfz+sf JoQm ul/b}5 . Pdfn] g]t[Tj cfkm\gf lj/f]wLx? k|lt cToGt c;lxi0f' x'g] u/]sfn] klg o:tf] z+sf p7]sf] xf] . lj/f]wLsf k|lt ;+:yfkg kIf c;lxi0f' x'g] Pdfn]sf] k|j[lQ w]/} cl3b]lv g} k|s6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 :jo+ jfdb]j uf}td ;+:yfkg kIfsf] g]t[Tjdf /xg' ePsf] a]nf kf6L{leq tTsfnLg cNkdt kIfsf g]tf ;L=kL= d}gfnL k|j[lQn] g]t[Tjsf] cfnf]rgf ubf{ æ5fnf sf9L g'gr's 5ls{g' kg]{Æ /fo k|s6 ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . c;lxi0f'tfsf] dfldnfdf jfdb]jeGbf dfwj g]kfn sd x'g'x'Gg elgG5 .

g]kfnn] lj:tf/} lj:tf/} kf6L{leq /x]sf] ;Lldt k|hftflGqs jftfj/0f / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ x/0f u/L ;+u7gnfO{ klg lg/+s'ztflt/ n}hfg' x'g] t xf]Og eGg] klg z+sf hlGdPsf] 5 .

o; k|;+unfO{ lnP/ kf6L{sf jl/i7 g]tf s]=kL=zdf{ cf]nLn] klg kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] ;fj{hlgs cfnf]rgf ug'{ ePsf] 5 . emfkfsf] ;'vfgLdf zxLb :d[lt lbj;sf] pknIodf ut a'waf/ cfof]lht sfo{qmddf cf]nLn] eGg'eof]– æclnslt tndfly eof] ls sf/jfxL u/L xfNg] < of] jfb/sf] 3fp agfpg] k|j[lQ xf] . /fhfn] nk]6]/ nu]sf] clwsf/ lkmtf{ Nofpg nfUg'sf] ;§f sfo{stf{ 7]ufg nufpg nfUg] xf] eg] cfkm}+ 7]ufg nfUg] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 .Æ

cf]nLn] g]t[Tj k+lQmk|lt nlIft ub}{ :ki6 zAbdf eGg'eof]– æ;fyLn] jft nufof] eg]/ ;fyLx? dxfef/t dRrfpF5g\ t/ zq'n] nft nufPsf]df lrGtf 5}g . lyrf]ldrf] / ckdfgaf6 kf6L{ Pstf x'Fb}g . ljlw;+ut 9+uaf6 ;a} s'/fsf] lg?k0f ug'{k5{ . kf6L{ ljefhgsf] kL8fsf] c;/ sdL x'g nfu]sf] a]nf ;Ddflgt g]tf;Fu :ki6Ls/0f dfu]/ al;;s]sf] 3fpFsf] vf6f] k'gM aNemfpg] r]i6f ePsf] 5 . o;n] kf6L{sf] lxt ub}{g .Æ

sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/nfO{ c;kmn kf/]

sd{rf/L vf;u/L d'Vo;lrjsf] l;+uf] ;/sf/sf lj?4 PSnf] c8fgsf sf/0f ;/sf/n] cWofb]zdfkm{t\ Nofpg vf]h]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L P]g ;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj ylGsg k'u]sf] 5 . rrf{ rNbfrNb} z'qmaf/ 7f8f] k|:tfjsf ?kdf dlGqkl/ifb\df k]z ePsf] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g ;+zf]wg cWofb]z ;f]daf/ klg uDeL/ ljjfbdf k/]/ To;}lbg sfg'g dGqfnodf lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] / sfg'gaf6 clxn] km]l/ ;fdfGo k|zf;gdf k'u]sf] 5 . sd{rf/L ;"q cg';f/, b'O{ lbg;Dd dlGqkl/ifb\df 5nkmn eP/ kfl/t ge} k'gM o;nfO{ p7fpg] cyf{t\ k|:tfj ug]{ dGqfnod} kmsf{pg' eg]sf] OHht;fy yGsfOg' xf] .

of] ;+zf]wgaf6 tTsfn nfeflGjt x'g] JolQm k|wfgdGqLsf cfkmGt s]xL ;lrjx? lhNn k/]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] Pshgf s[lif dGqfnosf ;lrjsf] t pd]/ xbn] oxL cfOtaf/ clgjfo{ cjsfz x'Fb}5 . ;"qx? cg';f/ pxfFnfO{ g} k'gM ydf}tL ug{ of] ljw]os ;fdfGo k|lqmof;d]t k"/f gu/L dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnonfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L glbO{ 7f8f] k|:tfjsf ?kdf NofOPsf] lyof] . pd]/sf] xbnfO{ ^) jif{ k'¥ofpg], ljlzi7 >]0fLdf k|df]zg ePsf] ldltn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] & jif{;Dd kb wf/0f ug{ kfpg], ;lrjx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] ;f]em} lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] tyf s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfz lbg'k¥of] eg] ;/sf/n] ;f]em} krf{ v8f u/]/ x6fpg ;Sg] cflb k|fjwfg /flvPsf] of] k|:tfjsf ;Gbe{df nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] clgjfo{ cg'dlt lng'kg]{df To;f] ul/Psf] lyPg . clxn];Dd ljlzi7 >]0fLsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ nf]s;]jf cfof]u dfkm{t\ l;kmfl/z eP/ hfg] u/]sf] lyof] . nf]s;]jfnfO{ P]gn] g} o:tf] clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . o;cl3 cyf{t\ clxn]sf ;lrjx? nf]s;]jfsf] ToxL l;kmfl/zdWo]af6 5flgPsf 5g\ . lghfdtL ;]jfdf lgo'lQm a9'jf, ljefuLo sfjf{xL ;]jf ;DaGwL sfg'g lgdf{0f cflbdf nf]s;]jfsf] k/fdz{ rflxg] s'/f b]zsf] d"n ;+ljwfg d} pNn]v ePsf] 5 . of] k6s Tof] k|fjwfg dflgPg . d:of}bf lgdf{0f ubf{ ;/sf/s} dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnonfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L;Dd lbOPg . d'Vo;lrj 8f=ljdn sf]O/fnfsf] lj/f]w / c8fg oxLaf6 ;'? ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] x:tfIf/ ug{ dfGg' ePsf] eP To;}lbg of] cWofb]z hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff x'GYof] xf]nf t/ k|lqmofut?kdf ;lrjfno / ;Dj}wflgs ?kdf nf]s;]jf cfof]unfO{ jfOkf; ul/Psf] atfpFb} o;n] l;+uf] d'n'ssf] sd{rf/L k|zf;gdf ljv08g g} Nofpg] z+sf k|s6 ub}{ cfkm"n] o;df ‘NofKr]’ g7f]Sg] c8fg lng'eof] . o;jfkt pxfFn] w]/} dGqLx?sf] xKsL vfg' k/]sf] lyof] . t/ sd{rf/L ju{df pxfFsf] of] c8fg pbfx/0fLo /x]sf] jtfO/x]sf 5g\ . ts{;+ut ?kn] ;/sf/;Fu ;f]em} 6Ss/ lnP/ unt dg;fo / s;}nfO{ ljz]if cj;/ lbg NofOPsf] k|:tfj o;/L /f]lsg k'Uof] .

dlGqkl/ifb\sf s]xL ;b:o eg] k|:tfj kfl/t eP/ 3f]if0ff x'g dfq afFsL /x]sf] atfO/x]sf 5g\ . sd{rf/L ;"q cg';f/ To:tf] 3f]if0ff ul/of] eg] To;df d'Vo ;lrjsf] x:tfIf/ /xg] 5}g . sd{rf/Lsf tkm{af6 dlGqkl/ifb\ dGqL afx]s pkl:yt x'g] / ;/sf/sf lg0f{ox?nfO{ j}wtf lbg] sfd d'Vo;lrjaf6 x'G5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf lg0f{ox?df Psdfq x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm klg d'Vo ;lrj} xf] . k|wfgdGqL jf dGqLx? ;d]tsf] tL lg0f{odf x:tfIf/ x'Fb}g . elgP h;/L of] cWofb]z ToxL ?kdf hf/L eof] eg] o;n] j}wflgstfsf] csf]{ uDeL/ k|Zg v8f ug]{ l:ylt 5 .

s]xL ;do cl3b]lv d'Vo;lrj / ;/sf/sf dGqLx?aLr v6k6 ;'? ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/ lgdf{0f eP/ To;n] u/]sf] klxnf] sfd g} cfkm\gf] clwsf/ cyf{t\ ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ b/af/df k'¥ofpg] u/L ePsf] sfo{;Dkfbg lgodfjnLsf] ;+zf]wg lyof] . To;a]nf klg d'Vo;lrjn] ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ s6f}tL ug'{ 7Ls gx'g] /fo JoQm u/]sf lyP . t/ ;f]em} b/af/;Fu ufFl;Psf] ljifo ePsf] x'Fbf of] s'/f c8\g ;s]g . ToxL a]nfb]lv ;/sf/ d'Vo;lrj abNg] kIfdf lyof] . t/ Pp6f lglZrt ;do tf]lsP/ d'Vo;lrj lgo'Qm x'g] x'Fbf sfg'gn] ;/sf/nfO{ To;f] ug{ lbPg . ;+zf]wgsf] rrf{ ;'? eP nuQ} jdf};dsf] jfhf egL cfnf]rgf x'g yfn]sf] of] k|:tfjnfO{ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 k|lqmof k'¥ofP/ l5/fpg g;lsg] b]lvPkl5 7f8f] k|:tfjsf ?kdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . oxL k|:tfj kfl/t u/fpg z'qmaf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ljz]if a}7s a;]sf] lyof] . c? a]nf ;fdfGo ?kdf laxLaf/ / ;f]daf/ a}7s a:g] ub{Yof] . ;f] a}7sdf s]xL dGqLn] k]n]/} kf; u/fpg gvf]h]sf xf]Ogg\ . t/ To;f] ePg . ;f]daf/ km]l/ ToxL 7f8f] ?kdf To;/L g} k|:t't ul/of] . t/ pxL d'Vo;lrjsf c8fgsf sf/0f nfdf] 5nkmn kl5 k|lqmofut / sfg'gL q'l6 ;Rofpg egL sfg'g dGqfnodf k7fOof] . k|:tfj oxL ?kdf kfl/t ePsf] eP >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ;lrjx? xft df]Nb} kb hf]ufpg dfq dGqLx?sf kl5kl5 lx+8\g' kg]{ Pp6f gofF gd"gfsf] k|zf;g hlGdGYof] . o;af/] k|ltlqmof lb+b} Ps jxfnjfnf ;lrjn] eg]– k|:tfj hxfFaf6 p7\of] ToxL kmls{P klg ;/sf/sf] lgot rflx+ 5n·} ePsf] 5 pgsf] yk k|ltlqmof lyof] .

o;aLr k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]usf] j}7s cfof]usf cWoIf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL /d]zgfy kf08]sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] lyof] . a}7sdf ;a} ;lrjx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . a}7sdf dGqLn] @)%* df3 !! ut] -z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ ePsf] a]nf_ of] P]g ;+zf]wgsf] ljw]os tof/ ePsf] / jt{dfg ;/sf/n] To;nfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ dfq nfu]sf] atfpFg' eof] . pxfFn] eGg' eof]– zf;sLo ;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ ;/sf/ b[9 5 . t/ of] k|ltudgsf/L gx'g] / cu|ufdL x'g] bfaL ug'{eof] . o;n] n}+lus / hftLo c;Gt'ng klg x6fpg] bfaL pxfFsf] lyof] . pxfFn] bft[ d'n's / PlzofnL ljsf; a}+sn] lbPsf] k/fdz{nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fv]/ o;f] ug{ nfluPsf] atfpFg' eof] . a}7sdf P=8L=jL=sf k|ltlglwsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] . cfof]usf] a}7s k|foM uf]Ko x'GYof] . t/ ljjfb p7]sfn] lxhf]sf] a}7s k|];sf nflu klg v'nf ul/Psf] lyof] .

rLgdf kf08]

b/af/sf] ;]jf ug]{n] d]jf kfpF5 eGg] plQmsf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0f /fhb/af/sf k"j{ k|d'v ;Djfb;lrj g/]Gb|/fh kf08] x'g'ePsf] 5 . lxhf]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sn] pxfFnfO{ rLgsf nflu /fhb"t lgo'Qm ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

ldq/fi6«sf] Pp6} gLlt

dfcf]jfbLx?af/] ef/t, cd]l/sf / j]nfotsf] Pp6} /0fgLlt /x]sf] k'i6L ePsf] 5 . g]kfnnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/n] ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf oL tLgj6} /fi6«x? cft+sjfbsf] s8f lj/f]wL /lxcfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ;d:of lg/fs/0f ug{ / lbuf] zflGt sfod ug{ ljleGg k|sf/n] ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf oL d'n's To; p2]Zosf nflu ca v'n]/ plqPsf 5g\ . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds k4ltsf] hggL dflgg] a]nfotn] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr x'g] efjL jftf{nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglw -h]D; h]k|mL_ k7fpg] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] cd]l/sfn] klg cfkm\gf] wf/0ff cf}krfl/s ?kd} :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . xfn} cd]l/sL pkljb]zdGqL 8f]gfN8 SofDkn] of] /0fgLlt ef/t / j]nfot;Fu klg k/fdz{ u/]/ tof/ kf/]sf] :ki6 u/]sf 5g\ .

æx]l/6]h kmfp08]zgÆnfO{ ;Daf]wfg ub}{ aflz+u6g pkljb]z dGqL SofDkn] eGg'ePsf] 5– /fi6«lxtsf ckl/xfo{ kIf ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ljsf; / :yfloTjsf nflu cd]l/sfn] g]kfnnfO{ oyfzSo ;xof]u ug]{5 . zflGt jftf{nfO{ ;kmn agfpg /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/ / cGo kIfx?n] uDeL/ eP/ nfUg' h?/L 5 .Æ

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt olta]nf vt/gfs kl/l:yltaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ pxfFn] olta]nf Ps cfk;df dt dflnGotf a9fpg] ;do 5}g / o;n] s;}nfO{ kmfObf x'Fb}g eGg'ePsf] 5 .

zflGt jftf{nfO{ lnP/ /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/ / cGo kIfx?af6 pTkGg u/fOPsf] lje]bk"0f{ jftfj/0fn] cd]l/sfnfO{ b'MvL agfPsf] atfpFb} SofDkn] eGg'ePsf] 5— æzflGt jftf{ ;kmn ePg eg] To;n] d'n'snfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kfg]{5 . h'g cfd g]kfnLsf nflu klg b'ef{Uok"0f{ x'g]5 .Æ ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfaf6 ePsf] o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ffn] cd]l/sL gLltnfO{ an k'¥ofPsf] pNn]v ub}{ pxfFn] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ ;kmn eP klg geP klg cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] ug]{ ;xof]udf s'g} kl/jt{g gx'g] :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbL ultljlwn] g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf k|lts"n c;/ kf/]sf] / :yfgLo lgsfosf $) k|ltzteGbf a9L ef}lts k"jf{wf/ Wj:t ePsf] sf/0f g} To;sf] cGTosf nflu cd]l/sfn] g]kfnnfO{ ;}Go ;xfotf pknAw u/fPsf] :d/0f ub}{ pxfFn] jStJodf eGg'ePsf] 5— æ;a} cd]l/sL ;xfotfx? g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{ alnof] agfpg] / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] p2]Zon] ul/Psf] xf] .Æ

cd]l/sfsf] pQm /0fgLlt ef/t / a]nfot;Fusf] 5nkmn kl5 to ePsf] klg pxfFn] :ki6 ug'{ePsf] 5 . ljutdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] ljBfnox? hnfpg], hg;fwf/0fsf] xTof ug]{ / oftgf lbg], ad cfqmd0faf6 3/x? Wj:t agfpg], ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{ tx;gx; kfg]{, afnaflnsfnfO{ hj/h:tL aGb's af]sfO{ o'4df xf]Dg] sfo{ u/L dfgjclwsf/sf] wHhL p8fPsf] eGb} cfufdL lbgdf To:tf lqmofsnfk gbf]xf]¥ofpg r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] ljsf; k|of;df cd]l/sfn] ub}{ cfPsf] ;xof]unfO{ efjL lbgdf klg lg/Gt/tf lbg] :ki6 ub}{ pxffn] ;g\ @))# df & ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/eGbf a9Lsf] ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 .

r'gfj / ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg g} pko'Qm af6f]

;"o{k|;fb >]i7, k"j{ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm

ax'bnLo k|hftGq, hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / dfgj clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt cfhsf] ;+j}wflgs oyfy{tf xf] . s'g} klg d'n'sdf ToxfFsf] k|hftflGqs ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] oL g} s'/f]nfO{ cu|uGo dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . s]xL klZrdL o'/f]k / hfkfgh:tf d'n'sdf /fhtGqnfO{ ;+j}wflgs ;+/If0f k|bfg u/]tf klg k|hftGq / hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ :yfkgf kl5 dfq /fhtGqfTds Joj:yfnfO{ j}wflgs :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

;+ljwfgn] s'g} klg JolQm jf ;d'bfonfO{ /fhg}lts ;+/If0f k|bfg u/]sf] x'G5 . wd{, hflt / ;Dk|bfonfO{ ;dfg clwsf/ cyjf dfgj clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub{5 . ;+ljwfgk|bQ ljlwsf] zf;g (Rule of Law is the basis of constitutionalism) :yfgut (Spatical) / sfo{ut (Functional) sfo{ ljefhg u/L ;+:yfut ;+/rgfx? agfPsf] x'G5 . h;af6 /fhg}lts clwsf/sf] k|of]u PsLs[t x'g kfpFb}g . oL ;a} ;}4flGts tflTjs ;+/rgfsf] vfsf ;+ljwfg xf] . o;n] Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf / Goflos tyf cGo ;+:yfut ;+/rgfx? ldnfP/ ;Qf clwsf/sf] ;Gt'ng u/]sf] x'G5 .

hgcfGbf]ngkl5 ;a} /fhg}lts bnx?, /fhf / hgtfsf] zlQm ;Gt'ng u/L ;+j}wflgs vfsf tof/ ug{ cToGt hl6n sfd lyof] . To;df klg ;a} kIfnfO{ :jLsfo{ agfpg' emg\ d'lZsnsf] sfd lyof] . /fHozlQmnfO{ lg/Gt/ k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] /fhtGqfTds Joj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g / kl/dfh{g u/L k|hftflGqs Joj:yf cGtu{t hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf :yflkt ug'{ tfTsfnLg cfGbf]ngsf] ckl/xfo{ dfGotf lyof] . o:tf] Joj:yfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L /fhtGqnfO{ rL/:yfoL agfpg /fhfaf6 :jLs[lt tyf ;bfzotf kfpg' / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ul/dfnfO{ a[xQ/ /fli6«o lxtsf] lgldQ k|of]u ug'{ jfdkGyL zlQm nufot ;Dk"0f{ /fhg}lts g]t[Tj ju{sf] k|a''4tf dfGg' kb{5, h;af6 jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] ;+of]hg / ;xdlt k|fKt eof] .

clxn] ut * jif{b]lv rn]sf] lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng / To;af6 pknAw x'g] kl/jt{gsf/L ;+/rgf s] xf] eGg] k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs xf] . jftf{ ug{sf] nflu o'4lj/fd eof] . casf] k|:tfj uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;ef eGg] 5 . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng / cGtl/d ;/sf/ t ;fwg dfq x'g\ . d"n s'/f ljBdfg ;+ljwfgsf] abnfdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjlt/ cu|;/ x'g] ls gx'g] < o;sf nflu s] ;/sf/ tof/ 5 < s] /fhfn] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgeGbf k/ uP/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ bfpdf /fVg tof/ ePsf] xf] < /fhfn] rfx] tfklg hgtfn] Tof] rfxnf < o; ljifodf hgdt;+u|x xf] eg] klg s'g ljlw lawfg cGt/ut hgdt ;+u|x x'g] xf], :ki6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] cgluGtL /fli6«o Ifltsf] cltl/Qm lgd'vf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf clg ;]gf / k|x/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . cfuhgL, xTof / lx+;fh:tf s}of} cfk/flws 36gfx? ePsf 5g\ . o;df ;QfkIf / dfcf]jfbL tkm{ ePsf] Iflt / sf/afxL ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :j]tkq hf/L ug'{ cfjZos 5 . To;kl5 oL sf/afxLnfO{ ;+a}wflgs clwsf/ k|fKt ;jf]{Rr lgsfoaf6 dfkmL u/fpg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] sf/afxL rnfpg' kg]{5 . To;f] ePdf dfq dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngn] /fhg}lts :j?k lng]5 / /fhg}lts ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg ;lhnf] kg]{5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/f TolQ ;lhnf] 5}g . o;sf] nflu ljBdfg ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL Joj:yfdf cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf 5 . o;sf lgldQ ulx/f] cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ljZn]if0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . of] s]jn /fhg}lts gf/fjfhLsf] s'/f dfq geP/ /fi6«sf] ;du| /fhg}lts / ;fdflhs ;+/rgfnfO{ lj36g u/L gofF ;f]r / dfGotfsf] cfwf/df ul/g' kg]{ sfd xf] . /fhg}lts bnx?n] cfkm\gf] gLlt / sfo{qmd hgtf ;dIf lnP/ hfgdf of] gf/fn] sfd ug{ ;Snf, t/ tTsfn /fhg}lts zlQmx? o;sf] k5fl8 nfu] eg] nfdf] ;do;Dd o;n] cl:y/tf / cGof}n clg bjfjsf] cj:yfnfO{ lgDTofpg]5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngåf/f :yflkt dfGotfx?df ljjfb pTkGg x'g]5g\ . /fhf / hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, :yflkt c+ux?sf] k/:k/ ;dGjo / clwsf/ k[ysLs/0f If]qLo / ef}uf]lns cjwf/0ff, hflt hghflt / ;d'bfosf] k/:k/ ;DaGw cyjf s]Gb|Lo jf ;+3fTds zf;g Joj:yf, wfld{s dfGotf, k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng, ;'/Iff ;DaGwL lgsfosf] kl/rfng tyf k//fi6« gLlt h:tf s'/fx?df ljleGg b[li6 / sf]0fx?af6 b':k|efj kg]{ ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsb}g . To;}n] lhDd]jf/ tx / /fhg}lts g]t[Tjn] oL ;a} s'/fx? larf/ u/]/ dfq ;+ljwfgsf] ;DaGwdf ;f]r agfpg' plrt xf]nf . cGoyf /fHo zlQm, ;|f]t / ;fwg /fli6«o ljsf;sf] qmddf pkof]u x'g'sf] abnf czflGt, c;'/Iff / cJoj:yfdf jiff{} jif{ laTg]5 . ul/aL, clzIff / /f]usf] lj?4 xfd|f] ;+3if{ / /fli6«o ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff ultxLg cj:yfdf /xg]5g\ . o;}n] ;QfkIf / dfcf]jfbL nufot ;Dk"0f{ /fhg}lts bnx? / gful/s ;dfhsf] k|a'4 ju{n] ;fk]lIfs j:t'ut w/ftndf cfkm\gf] ;f]r agfpg' jf~5gLo 5 .

o;/L ;du| jf:tljstfnfO{ ljrf/ ug]{ xf] eg] jt{dfg zflGtk"0f{ cj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb}+ hgtfk|lt cToGt pQ/bfoL eP/ k|:t't x'g dfcf]jfbL /fhg}lts zlQmn] cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tfk|lt cem cu|;l/tf b]vfpg' cfjZos 5 . ;fy} ;QfkIfn] lg+/s'ztf / k|ltudgtkm{ ghfg] u/L ;d:t /fhg}lts ;+u7gfTds zlQmnfO{ cfZj:t agfpg' kb{5 . To:t} /fhg}lts ;+u7g / zlQmx?n] klg jx'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+ljwfg tyf o;af6 :yflkt hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfk|lt /fhfn] k6s k6s zfxL ;Gb]z4f/f :ki6 u/]sf] k|ltj4tfk|lt ljZjf; tyf ;dGjosf] jftfj/0f :yflkt ug'{ cfjZos 5 . dfcf]jfbL /fhg}lts zlQmn] klg ;+j}wflgs kl/j]zleq zflGtk"0f,{ :jtGq / v'Nnf ?kdf cfkm\gf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|rf/ u/L ;f] cfwf/df cfkm\gf] ;+u7gsf] ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f >[hgf ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;af6 dfcf]jfbL nufot cGo ;a} bnx?n] klg ;+ljwfgdf s] s:tf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ xf] To;sf] cfwf/zLnf :ki6 ub}{ ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kfGt/0fsf] sfo{qmd lnP/ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/sf] k|of]u ub}{ hgcfb]zsf] af6f] cyjf aflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df ;DkGg x'g] :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdf cfkm"nfO{ ;dflxt ug{' pko'Qm x'g]5 . ;DejtM zflGtk"0f{ åGå lg/fs/0fsf] nflu oxL g} pkoQm af6f] x'g]5 .