jftf{ ljyf]lnP bf]if b/af/nfO{ nfUg]5

dx]zdl0f bLlIft

g]skf -Pdfn]_, g]kfnL sf+u|];, hgdf]rf{, g]dlskf / ;b\efjgfn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] cGtu{t g} k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf jf ;jf{lwsf/ ;DkGg ;j{bnLo dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7gsf] lglDt j}zfv @% b]lv  g} cfGbf]ng ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . bz sDo'lg:6 36sx?n] Tof] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqs klg Tof], hgfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g tof/ 5g\ . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] /fhtGqfTds k'“hLjfbL k|hftGq, cGtu{t ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo k|hftGq / cfkm\gf] sfo{;"rL Ph]08fsf] dfkm{t\ ofjt df}lns clwsf/x?sf] kIfdf cfkm" /x]sf] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 . ef/tLo ;/sf/ / k|hftflGqs ef/t g]kfndf ;w}+ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] ;dy{g /xL cfPsf] 5 . clxn] cfP/ cd]l/sL /fhb"tsf] dfkm{t\ ofjt klZrdL d'n'sx?n] cfkm"x? g]kfndf k|hftGq, ;+;bLo Joj:yf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, e|i6frf/ dfly lgoGq0f, k|zf;g / k|ultsf] kIfdf /x]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ .

pk/f]Qm zlQmx?sf] lg0ff{os bafan] ubf{ /fhfåf/f ;j{bnLo dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g ug]{ jf k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ ;Defjgf lgs} a9\g uPsf] 5 . b/afl/ofx?sf] klZrd / ef/tdf hDdf ul/Psf] cfly{s :jfy{x?, g]kfnsf] klZrddfly cfly{s lgof{t, klZrd / ef/tsf] dfcf]jfbL cft+sjfbLk|lt r/0f ljt[i0ff / cfGbf]ng bdgsf] ;Gbe{df u0ftGqlt/ hgtf a9\g] ;Defjgfn] /fhfnfO{ k|hftflGqs zlQmx?l;t d]nldnfk ug]{lt/ 3R3RofO/x]sf] 5 . ljut !@ jif{x?df h] h:tf ;sf/fTds -kf6L{x?sf] b]zJofkL ;~hfn_ / gsf/fTds -s'zf;g, e|i6frf/, dfcf]jfbL cft+s_ cg'ejx? eP tfklg d'n'ssf] lglDt ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] ljsNk 5}g eGg] lgisif{df k|ltufdL–k'g:yf{gjfbL -blIf0fkGyL–jfdkGyL_ afx]s c? /fli6«o–cGt/f+{li6«o zlQmx? k'u]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL cft+sk"0f{ PlSng' / ltgLx?n] klg ax'bnLo ;+;bLo /fhgLlts kl/kf6L{nfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ k/]sf] tYon] of] lgisif{sf] ;xLkgfsf] ;dy{g u/]sf] 5 . ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|hftGq / cGt/f{li6«o zlQm ;Gt'ngn] ubf{ dfcf]jfbL hgo'4?kL cft+saf6 klg c? d'n's ;/x g]kfndf klg c;kmn ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L k|ltufdL k'gTyfgjfbLx?n] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] :yflkt u/]sf] ax'bnLo zf;g k4lt ef/tLo ælj:tf/jfbLÆx?sf] Ps dfWod xf] eGg] pvfg klg w/fzfoL ePsf] 5 .

o; ;Gbe{df ljut tLg jif{ b]lvg k'g?TyfgjfbLx?n] k|rf/ u/]sf] ædfcf]jfbL / ;fpy AnsÆsf] aLr /x]sf] tyfslyt c3f]lift u7aGwgsf] klg kf]n v'Ng uPsf] 5 . b/afl/ofx? / k|r08–afa'/fdx?sf] aLr /x“b} cfPsf] c3f]lift–3f]lift sfo{ut Pstf / Tof] sfo{ut Pstfn] g]sfsf] ljefhg u/]sf], sflt{s @& df r'gfj x'g glbPsf] / c;f]h !* sf] 3f]if0ffsf] lglDt cfwf/ v8f u/]sf] tYo k|i6 x'g cfPsf] 5 . of] 3f]lift–c3f]lift sfo{ut PstfnfO{ n'sfpg g} ef/t / dfcf]jfbLaLr u7aGwg /x]sf] k|of; z'? ul/Psf] /x]5 .

dfcf]jfbL cft+s, xTof / ;+ljwfgsf] lj?4 tyf ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] kIfdf ef/t, cd]l/sf, j]nfot, rLg, ?; / klZrdsf] 3gLe"t ;DkGg k|of;n] ubf{ g]kfndf ef/t / cd]l/sfaLr /fhgLlts–;}lgs k|lt:kwf{nfO{ a9fP/ ægjk~rfotL Joj:yfÆnfO{ Ao'“emfpg] k|of; klg c;kmn x'g uPsf] 5 .

pk/f]Qm ;Gbe{ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] /fhtGqfTds k'“hLjfbL k|hftGq, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo k|hftGq tyf cfkm\gf] Ph]08fsf] dfkm{t\ ofjt df}lns clwsf/x?nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf]n] æcGtl/d ;+ljwfg / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgÆsf] dfu cy{xLg x'g k'u]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ pgLx?sf] ;+ljwfg / ;+ljwfg @)$& aLr s'g} /fhgLlts–;+j}wflgs leGgtf /xg hfG5 . hxf“;Dd dfcf]jfbL Ph]08fdf /x]sf $) ;"qLo cfly{s–;fdflhs dfu+x?sf] s'/f / ltgLx?nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg / gof“ sfg'g agfP/ qmdzM k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 . dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?sf] zf]v k"/f ug{ jf OHht hf]ufpg gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpg kg]{ s'g} sf/0f x'g ;Sb}g .

ca dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ;j{bnLo dlGqkl/ifb\df ;lDdlnt ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn]dfly cfOk/]sf] 5 t/ ltgLx?n] hgo'4nfO{ lkmtf{ lnPsf] / xltof/ a'emfpg] lglZrt lg0f{osf] 3f]if0ff gul/sg of] lhDd]jf/L s;}n] klg lng ;Sb}g . ;fy} g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ef/tLo Pd;L;L / lkk'N; jf/ o'4l;t ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]sf] 3f]if0ff ug}{ kg]{5 . dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm"nfO{ ax'bnLo k|hftGqjfbL ePsf] ;fljt ug{ o:tf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ clgjfo{ 5 . o:tf] 3f]if0ff gul/sg ltgLx?nfO{ ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ jf cfufdL ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g lbg sf]xL klg tof/ x'g] 5}g .

h'g sf/0fx?nfO{ b]vfP/ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ o'4lj/fd / jftf{ ug{ tof/ ePsf] 5 ltg} sf/0fx?n] To;nfO{ k]ml/ xTof, cft+s, ljWj;+lt/ kmls{g lbg] 5}gg\ . kmls{Psf] v08df Tof] sfo{gLlt ;j{gfz cfTd3ftL sfo{ x'g]5 . ;]gfnfO{ k|fKt cg'ej / bIftf tyf cfw'lgs xltof/x? Pj+ k|hftflGqs zlQmx?tkm{ a9\b} uPsf] hgnx/ o:tf cfwf/e"t sf/s x'g\ h;n] k|r08nfO{ h+undf kmls{g lbg] 5}g .

s] b/af/ ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] k'g:yf{kgflt/ kmls{Pnf < /fh;+:yf / hgtfaLr x'g] 6Ss/, bdg / rsf]{ e08fkmf]/ /fhgLltn] ;aeGbf a9L xfgL /fh;+:yfsf] ;DdfgnfO{ g} x'g' lglZrt 5 . ;fy} hgdfgl;stf u0ftGqlt/ a9\g' clgjfo{ 5 . dfcf]jfbL kIfl;t ;zQm 5fkfdf/x? / xltof/x? e}/x]sf] l:yltdf zflGtk"0f{ k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngn] klg /fi6«df eofgs l:yltsf] ;[hgf ug]{5 . of] tYo b/af/, ef/t, klZrd / rLgn] a'em]sf] x'g} kb{5 . t;y{ of] 6Ss/–le8Gt gx'g lbgdf klZrd / ef/tsf] 7"nf] :jfy{ n's]sf] 5 . g]kfndf clxn] klg ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] cfjZostf 5  ;a}sf] lglDt .

c;f]h !* sf] tyfslyt æafWofTds l:yltÆ clxn] x}g, hgo'4 /f]lsPsf] 5, xTof–cft+s /f]lsPsf] 5, jftf{x? rfn" 5g\, d}n] cfkm\gf st{Jo k"/f u/] eg]/ wf/f !@& jf wf/f !@* sf] dd{ / efjgfsf] pNn]v ub}{ /fhfaf6 ;jf{lwsf/ ;DkGg ;j{bnLo dlGqkl/ifb\ jf k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf u/]/ ;lqmo /fhgLltaf6 x6\g' kg]{ cj:yf cfO;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))# ;fndf ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] :yfkgf ug{ vf]Hg'sf] Psdfq kl/0ffd ofjt hgtfnfO{ u0ftGqlt/ 3r3Rofpg' x'g]5 .

ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yf ljsNkxLg xf] . t/ /fh;+:yfsf] ljsNk x'g ;Sb5 . of] tYonfO{ ;a}n] cTd;ft ug'{ h?/L 5 . b/af/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr jftf{ c;kmn eof] eg] ;a} bf]if /fhfdfly yf]kl/g] 5 . of] jftf{ ;kmn eof] eg] ofjt /fhgLlts If]qn] Tof] ;kmntf c3f]lift–3f]lift sfo{ut Pstfsf] kl/0ffd eg]/ hgo'4sf] ofjt kl/0ffdnfO{ b/afl/ofx?dfly yf]kg]{ 5 . t;y{ /fh;+:tf c;f]h !* sf] l:yltdf kmls{g' / /fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] lhDdf lbg' g} >]ois/ 5 .

hxf“;Dd dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] s'/f 5 ltgLx?n] k|hftflGqs eP/ Pj+ k|sfz, ;L=kL= d}gfnL, Zofd >]i7, s[i0fbf;, k|e'gf/fo0f rf}w/L, bdggfy 9'+ufgf, kb\d/Tg t'nfw/, cf/=s]=d}gfnL, /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6fx?l;t j[xQ/ Pstf jf sfo{ut Pstf sfod u/]/ cfufdL ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf k"0f{ ax'dt kfpg ;Sg] l:ylt pgLx?s} egfO cg';f/ 5 . To;kl5 pgLx? qmdzM ;+ljwfg;eflt/ a9\g klg ;Sg]5g\ . o;f] u/]sf] v08df k|r08kydf gof“ cfofd emg ylkg] lglZrt 5 .

k"0f{ k|hftGq cfhsf] cfjZostf

k|ofunfn >]i7

s'g} klg ljifoj:t' k|f/Dedf k|ultzLn x'G5 t/ sfnfGt/df Tof] cfkm\g} cGt/lgxLt åGån] k|ltufdL aGb5 . pbfx/0f egf}+– k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] /fli6«o PsLs/0fsf] cleofg yfNbf Tof] k|ultzLn sbd lyof] . To;a]nf k|hftGqsf] gfd–lgzfg rrf{ g} lyPg . t/ sfnfGt/df Tof] :yflkt /fhtGq ljs[t / ;+s'lrt x'“b} uP/ h]7 !(, @)%* ;fnsf] b/af/–sf08kl5 :jtM ;dfKt eof] eGg] PskIfaf6 rrf{ rn]sf] xf] . To:t} ljZj Oltxf;nfO{ x]bf{ w]/} pbfx/0fx? 5g\, h;af6   b]lvG5 . 7"nf /fli6«o PsLs/0fsf zlQmzfnL /fhf–dxf/fhfx? klg cGttM s;/L tf;sf] dxn em}+ u8\ofDd elTsP, 9n]/ ;kmfr6 eP .

ljZjdf k|hftGq c9fO{ xhf/ jif{ klxn] jt{dfg o'/f]ksf] hGd:yn u|L; -/f]d_ df cfPsf] xf] . Tof] k|hftGq ;dfhsf] pkNnf] ju{nfO{ dfq k|fKt lyof] . cfw'lgs k|hftGqsf] k|f/De a]nfotdf 3l6t ;g\ !@!% sf] DofUgfsf6f{ -dxf;gb_ af6 ;'? eof] . To;af6 /fhfsf] lg/+s'z clwsf/dfly lnlvt ?kdf g} hgtfn] s]xL aGb]hx? nufP . To;kl5 ljZjJofkL ?kdf jt{dfg k|hftGq, k|mfG;]nL qmflGt -;g\ !&&(_ lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] ktg k|mfG;sf] /fHo qmflGtaf/] w]/}nfO{ yfxf eO;s]sf] 5 .

To:t} bf; o'uk|yfsf] cjz]ifsf ?kdf /x]sf clk|msfaf6 ;fd|fHojfbL uf]/f dflnsx?n] e]8f afv|f ;/x ;dftL nluPsf sfnf xA;Lx?n] ca|fxd ln+sgsf] xTof ;g\ !&^$ ePkl5 dfq d'Qm eP/ k|hftGq xs cl3sf/ kfP . ToxL d];f] sdf/f d'lQm g]kfndf lj=;+= !(*# lt/ ePsf] xf] . clwgfosjfbL ;fdGtL o'usf] cGTokl5 ljZjJofkL ?kdf k|hftGq km:6fPsf] w]/} ;do lat]sf] 5}g . k"0f{ k|hftGq k|mfG; / hfkfgdf ;g\ !*&) otf cfof] eg] ef/t ;g\ !($& df la|l6z ;fd|fHojfbaf6 d'Qm eof] . ToxL tfsf ;g\ !(%)÷%! df g]kfndf klg k|hftGqn] k|j]z u/]sf] xf] . t/ b'ef{Uo s] eof] eg] of] xfd|f] k|hftGq ev{/ lx+8\g l;Sb} n8\b} u/]sf] aRrfn] h:t} cem} klg afWotM k|of]ufTds hLjgofkg ub}{5, h'g l:yltsf] ca cjZo klg k|ltudg lj?4sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngn] cGTo ug]{ ;'lglZrt b]lvPsf] 5 .

k|hftGqsf] Oltxf; g]kfndf cjZo t'ngfTds b[li6n] w]/} 5f]6f]sfnsf] 5 . t/ of] ;"rgf qmflGtsf o'udf ePsf] x'“ w]/} dxTjk"0f{ ;3g / Jofks x'“b}5 . To;}n] cfh b'O{ s/f]8 rfnL; nfv hg;+Vofsf] o; d'n'sdf /fhgLlt / k|hftGqsf] k|Zgn] k|efljt gePsf] zfob g} s'g} 3/ xf]nf . @))& ;fnsf] ;z:q hgqmflGqn] !)$ jif{b]lv d'bf{ zflGt sfod u/]/ cfl;g /x]sf] lg/+s'z /f0ffzfxLsf] cGTo eof], / k|hftGqn] k|j]z u¥of] . t/ tLg k|ltzt ;fIf/tfsf] clt lk5l8Psf] ul/a g]kfndf k|hftGq lbuf] /xg ;s]g . gfgf ef“tLsf] if8\oGq / x:tIf]kn] of] rf“8} Ps b'O{ jif{ klg k"/f x'g gkfp“b} w/fzfoL eof] . hgdt ;+;bLo ljwfgnfO{ dfg]/ :yflkt ePsf] ;+;b\ !( dlxgf klg laTg gkfp“b} k'[; ! sf] …s"Ú af6 ;dfKt ul/of] . s;/L eGbf o;sf syf lgs} /f]rs / a]Un} 5g\ .

eGg ;lsG5, lg/+s'z /fhtGq / k|hftGq Ps JolQmsf] x'G5 . To:t} ?;df ;f]leot PsbnLo k|hftGq Pp6f kf6L{sf] dfq lyof] . t/ t];|f] vfn] k"0f{ k|hftGq ;a} hgtfsf] k|hftGq x'G5 . lsgeg] To;df lj/f]wLn] af]Ng / zlQmk"0f{ 9+un] km]l/ rgfj u/]/ ;/sf/ g} abNg kfp“5g\ . To;}n] tLg bzs;Dd rn]sf] slyt lgb{nLo k~rfot k|hftGq jf:tjdf s'g} k|hftGq g} lyPg . To:t} t];|f] k6s @)$^ ;fnsf] hgfcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt ePsf] k|hftGq ljut @)%( ;fn c;f]h !* sf] …s"Ú kl5 k|hftGq xl/Psf] 5 . hlt;'s} of] s'zf;g / e|i6frf/af6 b]znfO{ d'Qm ug{ j}wflgs /fhtGq / ;+;bLo k|hftGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ elgP tfklg o;nfO{ k|hftGq eGg / dfGg Psbd} ;ls+b}g .

k|hftGq eg]sf] ca w]/} k|i6 eO;s]sf] 5, hgtfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fHosf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ lgxLt x'g' kg]{ s'/f xf] . k|hftGqdf b]zsf] dflns hgtf x'G5g\, t/ s'g} JolQm ljz]if x}g . of PSsfO;f}+ zts Pstf, zflGt, k|hftGq / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] o'u xf] . of] b]z ;j}} hgtfsf] xf] . /fhf / /fli6«otf eg]sf] s'g} cljlR5Gg s'/f] x}g . ef/t, rLg, cd]l/sfh:tf u0ftGqjfbL b]zdf /fhtGq geP/ klg Toxf“sf] /fli6«otfdf s'g} cf“r cfPsf] 5}g . /fli6«o Pstf klg vl08t ePsf] 5}g . To;}n] g]kfndf /fli6«o Pstf / /fli6«otf sfod /fVg /fhtGq x'g} kg]{ clgjfo{ cfjZostf 5}g .

k|hftGq / k"0f{ k|hftGqaLrsf] km/s s] xf] eg] g]kfnsf] rf}+yf] ;+ljwfg @)$& ;fndf klg /fhtGqnfO{ ;jf]{Rr ;Ddflgt :yfg lbP/ ag]sf] lyof] . /fhfnfO{ /fhf t xfdLn] dfg]s} 5f}+ . of] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] b]z km]l/ of] s:tf] ;lqmotf xf] xfd|f] k|hftGq xl/Psf] 5 . /fhf eg]sf] t a]nfot, hfkfg, yfONof08, sDaf]l8ofsf] h:tf] kf] x'g'kg]{ . o:tf] l:ylt s;/L cfof] eGbf s'/f] k|i6 5, of] ;Lldt k|hftGq lyof] . lsgeg] /fhf;“u ;}lgs ljz]ifflwsf/ oyfjt /x\of], To;}n] ca cGttM k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf cgfof; cjfl~5t ?kdf klg cfOk/]sf] 5 .

s;}n] d'vn] eGb}df k|hftGq x'“b}g . k|hftGqsf ljZj kl/eflift s]xL lglZrt cfwf/x? 5g\ . tL x'g\– ;dfgtf,    :jtGqtf / eft[Tj . o;dWo] :jtGqtf rf/ k|sf/sf x'G5g\, h:t} /fi6«klt ?hj]N6n] ;g\ !($% df  k|mflG;:sf]df /fi6«;+3sf] :yfkgf x'“bf eg]sf lyP . tL x'g\ wfld{s, /fhg}lts, cefjd'lQm / c;'/Iffsf] :jtGqtf / ;dfhjfbL ;fDojfbL Joj:yfdf cfly{s lagfsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ k|hftGq dflg+b}g eg] klZrd o'/f]ksf b]zx? k|mfG;, hd{gL, :jL8]g / g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbnfO{ dfq dfGb5 . cyf{t\ /fhg}lts lagfsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ To;n] k|hftGq g} dfGb}g . plta]nf k~rfotL k|hftGq / kfls:tfg, O08f]g]lzof, adf{df slyt cfwf/e"t, lgb]{lzt k|hftGqx? lyP . o;/L xfdL b]V5f}+ k|hftGqsf] kl/efiff ;dfhjfbL sDo'lg:6sf] / :jtGq k'“hLjfbL ljZjsf] cf–cfkm\g} 9+usf klg 5g\ .

sDo'lg:6n] k|hftflGqs s]Gb|Lotfsf] l;4fGt dfGb5g\ . To; cg';f/ rf/ s'/f aflnu dtflwsf/, ax'dtsf] lgod tnb]lv dflysf] k|ltlglwnfO{ r'Gg] / ;jf]{Rr g]tfn] lbPsf] cfb]z lgb]{znfO{ ;a}n] csf6\o ?kn] dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . oxL 9/f{df k~rfotsf] 9f“rf ag]sf] lyof] . o; ljZj dfxf]ndf g]kfnsf] ck'/f] ;Lldt k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg' ;]gfnfO{ ;+;b\ cGtu{t /fVg' lgxfot cfjZostfsf] s'/f ePsf] 5 . lsgeg] oxL d'Vo sf/0f xfd|f] k|hftGq–hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d xslxt /   clwsf/dfly ;b}j ;f+3flts cf3ft kb}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] ca k|hftGq s;}af6 @)!& ;fn k'; ! df / @)%( c;f]h !* df em}+ km]l/ gvf]l;of];\ eg]/ xfdLn] clGtd lg0ff{os jf/kf/sf] ;+3if{ ug'{ k/]sf] xf] .

lzIffdf ¿kfGt/0fsf] vf“rf]

lji0f' clwsf/L

g]kfndf lzIff ljsf;sf] nflu kfOnf rflnPsf] w]/} ePsf] 5}g . @))& ;fnsf] k|hftGqkl5 g]kfndf k9\g] :jtGqtf k|fKt eof] . To;kl5 dfq d'n'[sdf lzIffsf] pHofnf] Hof]lt km}ng yfNof] . To;kl5 lzIffsf] ljsf; t eof] t/ lzIffn] ;Lk ljsf;nfO{ eg] vf;} ;xof]u u/]g . To;avt g]kfndf nfu" ePsf] lzIff ef/tdf c+u|]hn] zf;g ubf{ nfu" ePsf] lzIff k|0ffnL g} lyof] . To;avt Psb]lv bz sIff;Ddsf] lzIffnfO{ ljBfno:t/df /flvof] eg] To;kl5sf] ^ jif{sf] lzIffnfO{ ljZjljBfno cGt/ut /flvof] . o;/L ;f]x|jif]{ lzIff k|0ffnL g]kfndf nfu" ePsf] b]lvG5 .

klxn] klxn] lzIffnfO{ 1fgsf] ?kdf x]l/g] rng lyof] . lj:tf/} lzIff Joj;fosf] ?kdf cyf{t\ Joj;fosf] nflu lzIff eGg] rng cfof] . lzIff r]tgfsf] nflu t 5b}5 t/ clxn] lzIff ;Lk ljsf;sf] nflu clgjfo{ cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . To;/L lzIff hLjgsf] cleGg c+u klg ePsf] 5 .

clxn] lzIffnfO{ d"ntM rf/ efudf af“8\g ;lsG5 . o:sf] klxnf] r/0f eg]sf] ;fIf/tf xf] . k9fO{, n]vfO{ / ;fwf/0f ul0ft o:sf k|fylds r/0fsf s'/fx? x'g\ . Pp6f JolQmn] ;fdfGo :t/df cfkm\gf] dft[efiffsf cyjf /fi6«sf] dfWod efiffdf n]lvPsf s'/f k9\g ;sf];\ / cfkm"n] c?nfO{ n]v]/ a'emfpg' kg]{ cj:yfdf lr7Lkq n]Vg ;sf];\ / hf]8 36fp, u'0ff, efu ;DaGwL lx;fasf rf/ r/0f a'em]/ hLjgdf /fd|/L To:sf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] JolQmnfO{ xfdL ;fIf/ dfGb5f}+ .

o;}nfO{ xfdL k|fylds tx eGb5f}+ . k|fylds txsf] lzIffkl5 xfdL lg=df=lj txsf] lzIffdf k'Ub5f}+ . jf:tjdf lg=df=lj= txdf lzIff eGg' rl/q lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ xf] . o; a]nf s]6fs]6Lx? lszf]/ cj:yfdf k'Ug] / cln pQfplng] a]nf ePsf]n] pgLx?nfO{ ;xL af6f]df o:tf] vfnsf] lzIffsf] cfjZostf a9L x'G5 . of] pd]/df s]6fs]6Lx? jL/tfsf] avfg ;'Vg / To:t} aGg rfxG5g\ . pgLx?sf] dg stf stf x/fpg yfN5 . To;}n] o; a]nfsf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ ;+;f/ o:tf] 5 eGg]tkm{ eGbf ;+;f/ o:tf] x'g'k5{ eGg] tkm{ nufpg cfjZos ePsf]n] cln cfbz{jfbL lzIffsf] dxTj a9]sf] xf] . To;}n] ;se/ ;Rrl/qtf l;sfpg] vfnsf s'/f l;sfpg] vfnsf] lzIff cfjZos x''G5 . snf, ;+uLt, v]ns'bh:tf ljifodf o; pd]/sf aRrfnfO{ Jo:t /fVg' /fd|f] s'/f xf] . jf:tjdf xfd|f] hLjgdf xfdLn] dflgcfPsf] lg=df=lj=txsf] lzIff Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ lzIff xf] .

To;kl5sf] xfd|f] lzIff df=lj= / pRr df=lj=eP/ laBfno :t/ kf/ x'G5 . jf:tjdf of] txsf] lzIffnfO{ cln Joj;fof]Gd'v u/fpg' kg]{ xf] . of] txdf ljz]iftf xfl;n ug{ g;Sg] s'/f t 5“b}5 t/ klg Joj;fo eg]sf] s] sf] < stf  nfUbf JolQmn] s] s:tf] sfd ug{ ;Sb5 eGg] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L kfpg' / tT;DaGwL ;Lk xfl;n ug'{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . jf:tjdf ;+;f/df x/]s JolQmn] cfkm" af“Rg] cfwf/ vf]Hg'kb{5 . o; a]nfsf] cWoog To:tf] cfwf/sf] vf]hL klg xf] . xfdLn] xfd|f] clxn]sf] (÷!)÷!!÷!@ sf] k9fO{nfO{ o:tf] Jofj;flostftkm{ pGd'v x'g] vfnsf] lzIff dfGg' cfjZos 5 .

pRr lzIff eg]sf] s'g} klg ljifodf ljz]if1tf xfl;n ug]{ cfwf/ xf] . jf:tjdf pRr lzIff xfl;n ug'{ ;fwf/0f s'/f xf]Og . of] ju{ x/]s If]qdf g]t[Tj lng] ju{ xf] . ef]lnsf lbgdf x/]s If]qdf g]t[Tj lng] / x/]s If]qdf cfjZos kg]{ ljz]if1x? o;} txx?df cWoog u/]/ tof/ x'G5g\ . To;}n] of] txsf] cWoog cln cg';Gwfgd'vL eP/ hfg' cfjZos 5 . of] txsf] cWoog k"/f u/]kl5 JolQm cfkm\gf] If]qdf lgk"0f{ ePsf] cg'ej x'g ;s] dfq of] txsf] cWoog k"/f ePsf] dflgg]5 .

o;/L xfd|f] lzIffn] ;fdfGotof rf/ tx k"/f ub{5 . ;fIf/tf lzIff rl/q lgdf{0fsf] nflu lzIff, Joj;fosf] nflu lzIff / clGtddf ljz]if1tfsf] nflu lzIff eP/ lzIffn] rf/ tx kf/ ub{5 . xfd|f] lzIffn] clxn] xfdLn] ;f]r]sf] txut p2]Zo k"/f ug{ ;s]sf] 5, cyjf 5}g . ca To;af/] ;f]Rg' / 5nkmn ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 .

clxn] xfd|f] lzIff xfdLnfO{ ;kfg{eGbf laufg{ a9L ;xof]uL ePsf] xf] ls eg] em}+ nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . o;n] xfdLnfO{ ldx]gtLeGbf cN5L aGg l;sfPsf] 5 . cfkm\g} l;h{gfTds ;f]r ljsf; u/L :jfjnDaL aGg eGbf k/fjnDaL aGg o;n] a9L d2t u/]sf] 5 . clxn] xfd|f] cj:yf x]bf{ xfdL clwsf+z u'?x? ukm ljz]if1 / ljBfyL{x? xf]–xNnf sDkgLsf ;b:o h:t} b]lvPsf 5g\ . To;}n] o:tf] cj:yfdf s;/L ;'wf/ ub}{ hfg] eGg] ;f]r cufl8 ;fg'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] lzIffdf ;'wf/sf] ;f]r gcfPsf] klg xf]Og . @)@* ;fndf gof“ lzIff of]hgf b]vfk¥of] . To;n] sNkgf u/]sf] s'/f To;} t'lxP/ hfg' g} xfd|f] lzIffsf] Pp6f b'ef{Uo xf] . xfdL lx+8\g g;Sg] t/ bu'g{ vf]Hg], xfdL nDsg g;Sg] t/ pk|mg vf]Hg] eGg] egfO o;df nfu" eof] . jf:tjdf To;a]nf th'{df ul/Psf] gof“ lzIff g/fd|f] lyPg . vfnL Tof] cln a9L dxTjfsf+IfL dfq lyof] . To;}n] To; a]nfsf] Tof] ;'wf/sf] ;f]+r To;} v]/ uof] . of] ;'wf/sf] qmddf to ePsf e"nx?nfO{ ;+lemP/ l9nf] xf];\ t/ lbuf] xf];\ egL ;f]Rg' cfjZos 5 . gof“ lzIff nfu" x'gf;fy ljZjljBfno :t/df l;d]:6/ l;i6d nfu" eof] . Tof] /fd|} lyof] t/ xfd|} g}ltstfsf] sdLn] Tof] l6s]g . gof“ lzIff nfu" x'gf;fy ;a} ljBfnodf Jofj;flos lzIff b]vfk¥of] . To;n] klg vf; sfd u/]g . To:df klg lj:tf/} wld/f nfUb} uof] / clxn] Tof] k"/} ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . lzIffdf b]vf k/]sf] Tof] ;f]r g/fd|f] lyPg t/ k|of]u /fd|f];“u x'g g;s]sf]n] Tof] k|0ffnL l6Sg ;s]g . Tof] g} xfd|f] b'ef{Uo xf] .

jf:tjdf clxn] klg xfdLnfO{ Jofj;flos lzIffsf] vf“rf] 5 . clxn] xfdLnfO{ 1fgeGbf ;Lksf] a9L cfjZostf 5 . 1fg ;f]rsf] nflu dfq xf] . ;Lk g} sfdsf] cfwf/ xf] . clxn]sf] xfdLnfO{ 1fgeGbf klg ;Lksf] cfjZostf a9L 5 . clxn]sf] lzIffn] xfdL ;anfO{ s'/f lj1fgsf] ljBfjfl/lw k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . xfdL s'/f ug{ t hfGb5f}+ t/ sfd ug{ hfGb}gf}+ . Tof] g} xfd|f] d"n ;d:of xf] . xfdL ;a} of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgtkm{ nfuf}+ . of] g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .