– /fh]Gb| :yflkt
rLgdf hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|efj
t klxn]b]lv lyof] g}, t/ ;g\ !*($–(% df ePsf] rLg / hfkfgaLrsf]
o'4df rLg k/flht ag]kl5 Toxf" hd{gL, ?;, u|]6la|6]g, k|mfG;,
O6nL, cd]l/sfnufotsf b]zx?n] ;d]t k|efj hdfpg yfn] . tL b]zsf ;/sf/x?n]
rLgdf af6f]–3f6f], /]n, oftfoft cflb ;a} If]qsf] ljsf; t ul//x]s}
lyP, t/ klg rLlgof"x?df /fi6«jfbL efjgf k|jn x'b} uO/x]sf sf/0f
ljb]zL k|e"Tjsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu ;+ul7t x'g yfln;s]sf lyP .
o;aLr Toxf" Pp6f ;+u7g …aS;/ ;+u7gÚ u7g eof] . aGb d'¶L
jf s;]sf] d'¶Lsf] zlQmdf ljZjf; /fVg]x?sf] of] ;+u7gn] u7gsf] nuQ}
ljb]zL ;fdfgx?sf] alxisf/ ug]{ cfGbf]ng rnfof] . pgLx?n] ;g\ !*((
;Dddf ;a} ljb]zLx?dfly cfqmd0f ug{ yfn] . ljb]zLx? aS;/x?sf] cfqmd0faf6
qflxdfd x'g yfn] . ljb]zLx?n] k]lsËdf ;]gf k7fpg yfn] . htftt} rLlgof"
aS;/x? / ljb]zL ;}lgsx?aLr ;+3if{ x'g yfNof] . rLlgof"x?n]
hd{gLsf /fhb"t, rr{sf kfb/Lx?sf] xTof ug]{b]lv lnP/ ljb]zL
b"tfjf;x? sAhf ug{ yfn] . rLlgof" aS;/x?k|lt ;xfg'e"lt
/fVg] ;fd|f1L T;' x;Ln] klg ljb]zLx?nfO{ k]lsË 5f8L hfg cfb]z lbg
yflng\ . t/, ljb]zLx?n] rLgdf k|mfG;, hd{gL / la|6]gsf] ;]gf k7fP
. ljb]zL ;]gfn] rLlgof"x?dfly kf;ljs cTofrf/ / bdg u/] . /,
k|fGtLo k|zf;sx?sf] ;xof]udf ljb|f]xnfO{ ;fDo kfg{ pgLx? ;kmn eP
. rLlgof"x?sf] aS;/ ljb|f]xnfO{ ljb]zL ;]gfnufot $ hgf rLlgof"
k|zf;sx?n] bafpg ;kmn ePsf lyP . rLlgof" Oltxf;sf/x?sf cg';f/,
ljb]zL ;]gfsf] sf/0fn] eGbf klg tL k|zf;sx?s} sf/0fn] dfq ;f] ljb|f]x
c;kmn ePsf] lyof] . tL k|zf;sx?df Ps hgf k|d'v k|zf;s o'cfg lzxsfO{
lyP . pgL Toltv]/ zfGt'Ë k|fGtsf k|zf;s lyP . k|zf;s o'cfg pQm ljb|f]xnfO{
bafpg ;kmn ePkl5 ljb]zLx?sf lglDt pgL rLlgof" ldq aGg k'u]
. pgL o;cl3 ;g\ !*(* df ;fd|f1Låf/f rflnPsf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] ;dy{g
u/L ;fd|f1Lsf] ljZjfl;nf] ;]js klg alg;s]sf lyP .
;fd|f1L T;' x;Ln] o'cfg sf] ;xof]u
lnO{ ;g\ !()* ;Dd /fd|/L zf;g rnfOg\ / ;'wf/ sfo{ ul/g\ . d~r' /fhj+znfO{
lr/:yfoL t'Nofpg] / k|fGtx?df ljwfg;efsf] lgdf{0f u/fpg] s'/fdf
o'cfg ;xdt eP . t/ ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g'k"j{ g} ;fd|f1Låf/f
aGbL agfOPsf ;d|f6 s'cfË x;'sf] h]nd} d[To' eof] eg] ;d|f6sf] d[To'sf]
nuQ} ;fd|f1L T;' x;Lsf] klg d[To' eof] . gof" ;d|f6 x;'cfg
t'+u gfjflnu ePsfn] lk|G; r'gn] zf;g rnfP . ;d|f6 s'cfË x;' o'cfgb]lv
lgs} c;Gt'i6 lyP, o'cfgn] ;fd|f1L;"u ldnL wf]vf lbP/ pgnfO{
aGbL agfPsf lyP, t;y{ s'cfËsf] clGtd OR5f o'cfgnfO{ d[To'b08 lbg'
eGg] lyof] . lk|G; r'gn] pgnfO{ d[To'b08 t lbPgg\, t/ /fhfsf] OR5fcg';f/
;a} kbaf6 pgnfO{ avf{:t ul/lbP . pgn] ;g\ !()( df ;a} k|fGtdf ljwfg;efsf]
:yfkgf / !(!) df /fli6«o dxf;efsf] lgjf{rg klg u/fOlbP .
o;aLr ;g\ !(!! sf] cS6f]a/df prfË
k|b]zdf ;]gfn] ljb|f]x u/] . cS6f]a/ !) df x]Gsf]df Pp6f ad ljikmf]6
ePsf] / ;f] ad ljikmf]6g u/fPsf] cleof]udf y'k|} qmflGtsf/L g]tf
/ ;}lgsx? klg lu/km\tf/ / dfl/Pkl5 cGo ;}lgsx?n] ljb|f]x u/]sf lyP
. prfË ljb|f]xkl5 ljb|f]x Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ ofËT;] / blIf0fL k|fGtx?df
klg km}lnof] . ljb|f]xnfO{ bafpg o'cfgnfO{ x'gfg / x'k]xsf] nflu
ueg{/ hg/n lgo'Qm ul/of] . t/ pgn] ;f]xL jif{d} /fli6«o dxf;efsf]
pb\3f6g x'g'kg]{, hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf] u7g ul/g'kg]{, qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{
dfkmL lbOg'kg]{, kl/l:yltsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ lhDdf ;]gfnfO{ lbg'kg]{
/ ;]gfsf] nflu oy]i6 ah]6 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ dfu /fv] . oBlk, pgn] klxnf]
tLgj6f dfu hgtfdfem nf]slk|o aGg / kl5Nnf b'O{ dfux? eljiodf cfkm"
zlQmzfnL aGg k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
lk|G; r'gn] pgnfO{ cfkm\gf] xftdf
lng t'?Gt} kl5Nnf @ j6f dfux? k"/f ul/lbP eg] pgsf k|d'v b'O{
hgf ;xof]uLx? km]Ë sf] rfË / t'cfn lr h'OnfO{ ;]gfsf] k|d'v / pkk|d'v
agfP . t/, qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] zlQmnfO{ cf+sng ul/;s]sf w"t{ /
cj;/jfbL rl/qsf o'cfgn] qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] lj/f]wdf hfg plrt 7fg]gg\
. pgn] v'§f b'v]sf] axfgf agfO{ ;/sf/df hfg c:jLsf/ ul/lbP . o;aLr
cS6f]a/ @( sf lbg d'sb]g / k]lsË aLrsf] ;}lgs cv8fsf ;}lgsx?n] csf]{
ljb|f]x u/] / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq sfod ug{ dfu u/] . ptf zfGt'Ë / lrxnLdf
ljb|f]x eof] . o'cfgåf/f ;+ul7t ;]gf klg /fhtGqk|lt pbfl;g /x] /
ljb|f]x bafpgkl§ nfu]gg\ .
o;kl5 lk|G; r'gn] cfkm" c;Ifd
/ c;kmn ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/L /fhLgfdf lbP . lk|G;sf] /fhLgfdf kl5
k|wfgdGqL eO/x]sf lrËn] klg /fhLgfdf lbP . o;kl5 gf]e]Da/ ! sf lbg
o'cfg k|wfgdGqL eP / pgL blIf0fdf eO/x]sf] ljb|f]x bafpg]tkm{ nfu]
. pgn] o;sf] nuQ} dlGqd08nsf] k'gu{7g u/L /fhwfgL k]lsËdfly k"0f{
lgoGq0f sfod u/] . o'cfgn] To;kl5 Psftkm{ qmflGtsf/Lx?;"u ;Demf}tf
ug]{ k|:tfj cl3 ;f/] eg] csf]{tkm{ cfkm\gf] 5f]/f o'cfg sf]ltËnfO{
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] ;]gfsf k|d'v x'cfË xl;Ë;"u e]6\g k7fP . t/
o'cfgsf] rnfvL a'em]sf x'cfËn] /fhtGqlj?4 ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ug]{ o'cfg
sf]ltËsf] k|:tfjnfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ ul/lbP . o'cfg To;kl5 k'gM ljb|f]x
bafpglt/} nfu] .
ljb|f]xLx?n] ofËT;]dfly lgoGq0f
hdfPkl5 ;f+3fOlt/ nfu] / Toxf" pgn] :jtGq u0ftflGqs ;/sf/sf]
u7g u/] . ;g\ !(!@ sf] hgj/L ! df ul7t c:yfoL u0ftGq ;/sf/sf] /fi6«klt
ag]sf lyP– 8f= ;gofT;]g . u0ftGq ;/sf/sf] u7gsf] nuQ} ljb]zdGqL
j' ltË kmfËn] k]lsË ;/sf/sf] ;dy{g gug{ / s'g} C0f / ;xof]u glbg
ljb]zLx?;"u cg'/f]w;d]t u/] .
o'cfg lzxsfO /fhtGqsf kIfkftL lyP
. t/ pgL /fhfnfO{ alnof] agfpg rfx"b}gy] . pgL a]nfotL z}nLsf]
/fhtGqsf] kIfkftL lyP . pgL qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] xftdf ;Qf hfg lbg klg
rfx"b}gy] . pgL b'j} zlQmnfO{ sdhf]/ t'NofP/ cfkm" zlQmzfnL
aGg rfxGy] . pgL o;sf/0f To:tf] gLlt clVtof/ ub}{ lyP, h;sf] sf/0f
qmflGtsf/Lx? ;Demf}tfsf] 6]a'ndf a:g cfpg\ . pgL qmflGtsf/Lx?sf]
lj?4 ;}lgs sf/afxL klg rnfp"b} lyP eg] ;Demf}tfsf] nflu jftf{sf]
k|of; klg ub}{ lyP .
qmflGtsf/L u0ftGqjfbLx? klg o'cfgsf]
;xof]ulagf ;Dk"0f{ rLgdf u0ftGq :yfkgf x'gg;Sg] ;f]rdf k'lu;s]sf
lyP, pgLx?;"u hlt k};f lyof], Toltn] o'4 lhTg g;Sg] bfaL pgLx?sf]
lyof] . t;y{ ;g\ !(!@ sf] km]a'|c/L !@ sf lbg 8f= ;g ofT;]gsf] ;/sf/sf]
k|ltlglw / o'cfg lzxsfO{sf] ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwaLr Pp6f ;Demf}tf eof]
. ;Demf}tfdf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] d~r' j+zsf] cGTo ul/g'kg]{, u0ftGqsf]
/fhwfgL gfglsË x'g'kg]{ / ;'cfg v'nf?kdf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf nfUg'kg]{
zt{ /fv] . ;Demf}tfcg'?k km]a'|c/L !@ d} ^ jif{sf ;d|f6 k'oLnfO{
ckb:y ul/of] . t/ /fhwfgL gfglsËnfO{ gagfOsg k]lsË g} sfod ug]{b]lv
cGo sltko sfdx? o'cfgn] k"/f gu/]sfn] / u0ftGqdfly g} vt/f
dx;'; u/L gfglsËnfO{ /fhwfgL agfO{ zf;g rnfO/x]sf /fi6«klt 8f= ;g
ofT;]gn] /fhLgfdf lbP . pgL kl5 dfr{ !) df o'cfg u0ftGq rLgsf] k|yd
/fi6«klt ag] .
t/ o'cfg gfp"dfqsf] /fi6«klt
xf]Og, ;j{zlQmdfg /fi6«fWoIf aGg rfxGy] . pgn] gfglsËsf] /fli6«o
dxf;efnfO{ k]lsËd} /fv] . pgn] k]lsËl:yt ljb]zL b"tfjf;x?sf]
;xof]u / ;dy{g k|fKt ul/sg zf;g rnfpg yfn] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/, k|wfgdGqL,
pkk|wfgdGqL / dGqLx? b'j}tkm{sf /x] .
;g\ !(!# df Toxf" ;+;bsf] r'gfj
eof] . r'gfjdf qmflGtsf/L bn ax'dtdf cfpg g;s]kl5 dlGqd08n klg o'cfgs}
lgb]{zgcg'?k aGof] . 8f= ;g ofT;]gsf] qmflGtsf/L bn jf:tjdf rLgdf
/fi6«klt xf]Og, ;/sf/ / ;+;b alnof] xf];\ eGg] rfxGYof] . t/ o'cfgn]
/fi6«kltn] g} rLlgof" ;/sf/ rnfpg] s'/fsf] cg'df]bg ;+;baf6
u/fPkl5 qmflGtsf/L bnsf ;b:ox?n] ;+;baf6 /fhLgfdf lbP . To;kl5 8f=
;g ofT;]gx?n] sf]ldGtfË bnsf] u7g u/] . sf]ldGtfËn] o'cfgnfO{ u0ftGqsf]
zq' 3f]lift u/]kl5 o'cfgn] cfkm"lj?4 s'g} sbd rfNg g;s'g\ eGg]
x]t'n] ;+;baf6 ;Dk"0f{ zlQm cfkm\gf] xftdf lnP / ;+;baf6} cfkm"nfO{
k'gM /fi6«kltdf lgjf{lrt u/fP . pgn] lj/f]wLx?nfO{ bafpg z'? u/]
/ sf]ldGtfËnfO{ k|ltalGwt u/] . 8f= ;g ofT;]gnufot y'k|} /fi6«jfbL
g]tfx? b]z 5f8L efu] . To;kl5 o'cfgn] ;+;b, dlGqd08n / hgtf s;}sf]
k/jfx gu/L :j]R5frf/L zf;g rnfpg yfn] .
o'cfgn] ca cfkm}+n] ljwfgsf] th'{df
u/] . cfkm" zlQmzfnL aGg ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7g ul/lbP / pQm ;+ljwfg;efdf
pgnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{x?nfO{ dfq lgo'lQm lbP . pQm ;+ljwfg;efn] ;Dk"0f{
sfo{sf/L clwsf/sf nflu /fi6«klt x'g] / /fi6«kltsf] sfo{sfn !) jif{sf]
x'g], cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 /fi6«klt cfkm}+n] kbfjlw a9fpg ;Sg], pQ/flwsf/L
3f]if0ff ug{;Sg], k|wfgdGqLsf] :yfgdf /fHo;lrj lgo'Qm ug]{, /fHo;lrjsf]
rog /fi6«kltn] g} ug]{, ;+;bsf] :yfgdf /fHo k/fdz{ ;ef u7g ug]{
lg0f{o u¥of] . To;afx]s gjul7t /fHo k/fdz{ ;efn] u0ftGq cGTo u/L
o'cfg lzxsfOnfO{ ;d|f6 aGg;d]t pgn] clkn ug{ nufP . t/ /fHofleif]s
x'g'cufj} o]gfgsf hgtfn] ljb|f]x u/] . ljb|f]x ;a}lt/ km}+ln+b}
uof] / /fhtGqsf] lj/f]w / ;+;bsf] :yfkgfsf] dfu ug{ yfn] . pgL ljb|f]xaf6
eoeLt eP / ;d|f6 kb Tofu], t/ /fi6«klt eO/x] . pgL o;af/] u0ftGqjfbLx?l;t
;Demf}tf ug]{ kIfdf lyP . t/ o;aLr ;g\ !(!^ sf] h'g ^ df cs:dft\
pgsf] lgwg x'g k'Uof] . pgsf] d[To'kl5 aNn sf]ldGtfËsf] g]t[Tjdf
u0ftGqsf] k'g;{+u7g eof] . t/ Toxf" s}of}+ jif{;Dd c/fhstf
hf/L /x\of] . -;Gbe{ M hgj/L @ -!()(_ o'cfg lzxsfO{ avf{:tdf k/]sf]
lbg ._
