clxn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hgfwf/ w]/} g} sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 / xltof/ dfq} ;jf]{kl/ h:tf] ePsf] 5

k|bLk g]kfn, g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o tyf kf6L{ k|jQmf

) tkfO{sf] o; k6ssf] cd]l/sf e|d0fsf] p2]Zoaf/]df s]xL k|i6 kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <

o;df b'O{ j6f sf/0fx? lyof] . Ps t d]/f] cfkm\g} :jf:Yo k/LIf0f / csf]{ rflx+ ;/sf/L k|ltlglwTjsf] l;nl;nf . s]xL ;docl3 d]/f] 6fpsf]sf] ck/];g ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] s]xL k|lqmof afFsL /x]sf]n] oxfF Tof] ;DkGg ug]{ sfd u/]+ . csf]{ sfd rflx+ xfn ;/sf/df k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf ;a} kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf Ps Ps k|ltlglw k7fpg] lg0f{o eP adf]lhd d Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] lyP+ . pQm ;efdf ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf k//fi6« /fHo dGqL 8f= k|sfzz/0f dxtn] ljleGg s'/fx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] d}n] hghftx?sf] l:ylt / ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] af/]df af]n]sf] lyPF . o:t} ljZjsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] l:ylt ;DjGwdf klg pQm ;efdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;ef ;DkGg ePkl5 d}n] af]i6g, Go"of]s{ / aflN6df]/df g]kfnLx?sf] sfo{qmddf efu lnP/ pgLx?sf wf/0ffx? a'em\g] df}sf kfPF .

) b]zdf n8fOF / emu8f ePsf] a]nf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3df tkfOn] e]6]sf ;+;f/sf ljleGg d'n'ssf s"6gLlt1x?n] g]kfnk|lt s] s:tf] rf;f] / ljrf/ /fv]sf] kfpg' eof] <

o;af/]df Toxf+ cf}krfl/s s'/fsfgL s]xL klg x'g ;s]g . t/ hf] d'n'sx? xfd|f] h:tf] lx+;f / cft+ssf] jftfj/0faf6 u'lh|Psf lyP tL d'n'ssf k|ltlglwx?n] eg] b]zsf] ;d;fdlos ;d:ofsf af/]df s]xL ;f]w]sf lyP .

) g]kfndf h;/L eP klg zflGt :yfkgf x'g' kb{5 eGg] rfxgf b]z / ljb]zdf ;d]t /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] /x]sf] ;Gbe{df tkfO{x? ;d]t ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePkl5 s] s:tf] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 <

xf], d}n] klg s] dx;"; u/]+ eg] g]kfndf h:t} oxfF cd]l/sfdf a;]sf g]kfnLx? klg zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fdf lgs} lrlGtt /x]5g\ . x'g t xfdLx? b]zdf k|ltudg lj?4sf] n8fO{df nflu /x]sf ePklg ;a} hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt g} /x]sf] x'Fbf xfdLn] o;nfO{ d"n ljifo agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'Fbf g} b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfk"j{s p7fPsf lyof}+ / o;} cg'?k xfn ;a} kf6L{sf] ;femf sfo{qmddf klg of] Ph]08f k/]sf] 5 . clxn] b]zdf zflGt :yfkgfsf] k|lqmofaf/]df 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 t/ of] w]/} ;':t 5 . ;':t ePs} sf/0fn] kf6L{x? ljz]iftM ;/sf/df ;fd]n kf6L{x?sf] jLrdf 4G4 rln/x]sf] 5 . of] 4G4 cem};Dd klg ldqjt g} /x]sf] x'Fbf o;nfO{ d}n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf g} x]/]sf] 5' . zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ sfd s5'jfsf] h:t} ;':t ultdf rln/x]sf] ePklg clGtddf s5'jfsf] ljho x'G5 eGg] cfzf d}n] lnPsf] 5' .

) Pdfn] ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePkl5 dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ k|lqmof b|'t ultdf cl3 a9\nf eGg] cg'dfg klg sltkon] u/]sf lyP, t/ vf;} s]xL ePh:tf] t b]lv+b}g lg <

clxn] d lgisif{ ;lxtsf] lg0f{o s]xL klg ;'gfpg ;lSbg . b]pjf ;/sf/ slxn] ag]sf] lyof] eGg' eGbf klg xfdL ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf] ev{/ ;o lbg sf6]sf] 5 . ;o lbgdf hltsfd ePsf] 5 To;df d klg ;Gt'i6 5}g . xfn ;Dddf zflGt ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . o;df ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf kf6L{x?af6 Ps Ps ;Nnfxsf/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] >L % sf] k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;g /xg' ePsf] 5 . o; aLrdf yf]/} sfd ePsf] 5 eGg kfOG5 t/ sfd} ePsf] 5}g eGg kfOb}g . jftf{ s;/L x'g' kb{5 eGg]af/]df ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf kf6L{x?aLrd} dtleGgtf /x]sf] 5 . hxfF ;Dd g]skf Pdfn]sf] s'/f 5, xfdL ;j} gful/s ;+3 ;+u7gx? h:tf] ls af/ P;f]l;P;g, kqsf/ dxf;+3, u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 h:tf ;+:yfx?sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf / dWo:ytfdf jftf{ x'g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /fVb5f}+ .

) s] o; ;/sf/nfO{ klg sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k"/f gePsf]n] l56f] sfd ug{ g;s]sf] t x}g <

xfdLn] k|ltudgsf] lj?4df olt 7"nf] cfGbf]ng u¥of}+ ls h'g @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng eGbf klg 7"nf] lyof] . t/ klg of] cfGbf]ngsf] vf;} k|efj /fhfdfly k/]g . a? /fhfn] Ps kfOnf k5fl8 ;/]/ z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] sfd u/] . /fhf Ps kfOnf] k5fl8 ;/]sf] a]nfdf xfdLn] klg ;/sf/ leq 3';k}7 u/]/} cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] k|of; u/]sf 5f}+ . klxn]sf yfkf jf rGb ;/sf/ eGbf of] ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] sfd ug{ w]/} :jtGq 5 . of] ;/sf/ l;4fGt / Jojxf/ b'j}af6 clwsf/ ;DkGg 5 eGg] s'/f s]af6 klg b]lvG5 eg] o; ;/sf/df lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf ax'dt ;b:o/x]sf kf6L{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 / Jojxf/df eGg] xf] eg] o;n] /fhfnfO{ klg zflGt jftf{sf] z'? ug{ /fhL u/fPsf] 5 . o; ;/sf/n] lgsfn]sf] lgrf]8nfO{ /fhfn] klg :jLsfg]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] 5 .

) tkfO{+x? Psflt/ k|ltudgsf] vt/f b]vfpb} o;sf] lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng ug]{ s'/f ug'{ x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xsf] lj?4df plqg] jf zflGt jftf{ ug]{ s'/f < cflv/ d'Vo ljifo rflx+ s]nfO{ dfGg' x'G5 t <

b'j} kIf clt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . t/ klg ;j} g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt sfod ug]{ tkm{ /x]sf] / o; lbzfdf /fhfsf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g klg plQs} h?/L ePsf]n] xfdLn] zflGt jftf{nfO{ k|fyldstf lb'g kb{5 . ;/sf/ / ;j} kf6L{x?n] klg of] s'/fnfO{ :jfut / ;dy{g u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;d:ofsf] cGt/j:t'nfO{ x]bf{ dfcf]afbLsf dfux?nfO{ vfnL /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0faf6 dfq x]l/g' x'+b}g . pgLx?sf] ;}4flGts k|ltj4tfnfO{ ufnL ug'{ x'+b}g . l;4fGt pgLx?n] h] klg dfGq ;Sb5g\ . xfd|f] cfklQ eg]sf] pgLx?sf] lx+;frf/ dfq} xf] . pgLx?n] u0ftGqsf] dfu p7fP eg]/ jf dfcf]T;]t'ª lhGbfafb eg] eg]/ lj/f]w ug]{ xf]Og . pgLx?n] u/]sf lx+;frf/ jf cGo s'/fx?nfO{ ;dfhsf ljleGg If]q ju{;Dd k'¥ofpg] sfd xfdLn] ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy} dfcf]afbLx?nfO{ ;/sf/df cfpgsf] nflu xfdLn] af/af/ cg'/f]w ub}{ pgLx?sf dfux? k"/f ug]{ k|ltj4tf klg hfx]/ ug'{ kb{5 . rfx]sf] v08df pgLx?sf dfux? k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 . cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug]{, To; a]nf;Dddf xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] kxndf ug]{ / hg;+u7gx?sf] ;d]t pkl:yltdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng ug{' kb{5 . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng ul/;s]kl5 To;}af6 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljifodf klg lgrf]8 lgl:sg ;Sb5 . clxn] b]zdf k|fo ;a} kf6L{x? ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljkIfdf 5}gg\ . clxn] /fhfsf] s'/f k|ltudg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] kIf lx+/f;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . oL b'j} kIf;Fu aGb"ssf] zlQm /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf oL b'j} kIfsf] aGb"snfO{ zflGtsf] bjfjdf lgx'¥ofpg ;Sg' kb{5 .

) csf]{lt/ clxn] klg rf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] ;8s cfGbf]ng t hf/L g} /fv]sf 5g\ lg <

xfdL ;/sf/df uof}+ eGb}df ca ;8s cfGbf]ng ug}+{ x'Fb}g eGg] xf]Og . lj/f]w ug]{n] lj/f]w ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . lj/f]w ug]{ kf6L{x?dfly xfdLn] bdg ug]{ sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g . pgLx?n] klg d'Vo d'2fsf] ?kdf dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ g} p7fPsf] kfOG5 .

) zflGt sfod ug]{ lbzfdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf cWoIf k|r08n] xfn} k7fPsf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm gk7fPsf] jf :t/eGbf tnaf6 kqfrf/ u/]sf] eGg] ;'lgPsf] 5 . jf:tljstf s] xf]nf <

xf], k|r08hLn] k|Zgx? k7fpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] pQ/ zflGt ;ldltn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbof] / ;/sf/sf] k|jQmfsf] gftfn] 8f= df]xl;gn] To;sf] pQ/x? k7fpg' ePsf] 5 / pgLx? o;df ;f]lr/x]sf x'g ;Sb5g .

) Psflt/ zflGt jftf{ ub}{ hfg] csf]{lt/ r'gfjsf] s'/f klg ub}{ hfg] sfd clxn] ;/sf/n] ub}{ /x]sf] 5 . s] b]zdf rf+8} zflGt sfod x'g] jf r'gfj ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5 t <

zflGt jftf{ cufl8 a9]g / b'j} tkm{sf] xltof/sf] plrt ;dfof]hg ePg eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf r'gfj x'g] ;Defjgf d}n] b]lVbg . ;/sf/df a;]/ To;} r'gfj x'G5 eGg' a]sf/ xf] .

) Ps /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs, n]vs Pj+ Pdfn]sf] zlQmzfnL g]tfsf] gftfn] eGg' kbf{ clxn] b]zdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] jt{dfg w/ftn tkfO{++n] s:tf] b]Vg' x'G5 <

clxn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hgfwf/ w]/} g} sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 / xltof/ dfq} ;jf]{kl/ h:tf] ePsf] 5 . pgLx?n] hg;efx?df aGb's b]vfP/, ckx/0f u/]/ dflg;x? e]nf ug]{ u/]af6 of] k|i6 x'G5 . csf]{ s'/f n8fOF / xltof/sf] v]n cj slt ul//xg] eGg] vfnsf] lg/f;fsf] jftfj/0f klg pgLx?df 5fPsf] 5 . pgLx?sf ljleGg sld6Lsf g]tfx?n] cfkm}+df lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ s'/fx? af]ln/x]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L cGt//fli6«o bjfj klg pgLx?n] ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx? jftf{df cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf d}n] e]/} b]v]sf] 5' .

) cGTodf cd]l/sfaf;L g]kfnLx?nfO{ s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <

d cd]l/sf dfq xf]Og a]nfot nufot ;+;f/sf cGo d'n'sx?df a;f]af; u/]sf g]kfnL bfh'efO lbbL alxgLx?nfO{ s] cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5' eg] pxfFx?n] ;+ul7t eP/ cfkm\g} vfnsf] ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kb{5 / ToxfFsf] d'n's;Fu cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf] ?kdf dfGotf lbnfpg n8\g' kb{5 . gq cfkm\gf] gfd / klxrfg sfod /fVg ufx|f] kg{ ;Sb5 . – g]kfnLkf]i6af6