/fhfn] ;Qf ;Dxfn] kl5sf] ;o lbgnfO{ x]bf{
/fdk|;fb vgfn
 |
sf7df8f} . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh af6 df3 !( sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff dfkm{t ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnO{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ :jo+n] u|x0f ul/aS;] kZrft\ ag]sf] ;/sf/n] Ps;o lbg k"/f ub}{5 . ;/sf/sf] Ps;o lbgsf] ljkIfLx?n] cfnf]rgf dfq u/]sf 5g\ eg] a'l4hLjL tyf ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;o lbgnfO{ w]/} xb;Dd ;sf/fTds elg l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . >L % af6 aS;]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ dlGqkl/ifb\sf sltko ;b:ox? /ftlbg vl6/x]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL ukmf8Lx? zlQms]Gb| wfp“b} cfkm\gf] dGqL kb hf]ufpg xQ] xfln/x]sf 5g\ . cfk"mnfO{ kf6L{x?;Dd kx'“r ePsf] atfpg] s]xL dGqLn] /fhfsf nflu xf]Ogls /fhfsf lj?4 sfd ul//x]sf] ;d]t 5n{Ë b]lvPsf] 5, o:tf gfnfos dGqLnfO{ >L % af6 tTsfn kbd'Qm ul/ of]Uo JolQmnfO{ dGqL agfpg' kg]{ /fo ;a}lt/af6 cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . Ps ;o lbg k"/f x'g] ;Gbe{df ;a}sf] Pp6} egfO{ 5 – x/]s lbg gof“ Dof;]h cfpg]ul/ / hgtfsf] dg lhTg]u/L dGqLx?n] sfd ug'{k5{, hf] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ pgLx?n] /flhgfdf lbg'k5{ jf lbnfOg' k5{, clxn]sf] a]nfdf ;':t dGqLx? / ;kgfsf] dxn agfpg] dGqLx?eGbf Jojxf/df u/]/ b]vfpg ;Sg] axfb'/x?n] cj;/ kfpg'kb{5 . ca hfp“ df3 !( b]lv cfh;Dd s] s] eof] t /fhfn] ;Qf ;Dxfn]kl5 < xfn;Dd ePsf pknAwLx? tn a'“bfut 9Ëdf k|:t't 5g\ M–
!= b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ytLdf qmlds ;'wf/, /fhwfgLdf k"0f{ zflGtsf] k|Tofe"lt, cft+ssf/Lsf aGb, x8\tfn nufotsf s'g} klg cfJxfg k"0f{ tyf c;kmn ePsf] l:ytL .
@= ;/sf/L sfof{no tyf lgsfodf x'g] l9nf ;':tL, clgoldttf / e|i6frf/df w]/} xb;Dd sdL .
#= cfOtaf/sf] ljbf x6\g'n] hgtfsf sfd sfjf{xLdf ;lhnf] .
$= ?s'dsf] vf/f / bf]nvf ;b/d'sfddf ePsf dfcf]jfbL eLif0f cfqmd0f k"0f{tof ljkmn, ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] dgf]andf j[l4, ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfosf] k"0f{ ;lqmotfn] cft+ssf/Lx? lbg k|ltlbg sdhf]/ aGb} uPsf .
%= e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f zfxL cfof]usf] u7g / sfd sfjf{xLn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 pNn]vgLo pknlAw xfl;n x'g] qmd .
^= >L % sf] hsf{tf / af]cfcf] ;jf/L / ;Daf]wgn] ljZj ;d'bfosf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{ ;kmn, cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf rnfOPsf] xNnf / e|dsf] lgjf/0f ug{ e|d0f ;kmn . oyfy{ af]w .
&= z'?df afWotfn] nufOPsf] ;+s6sfn j}zfv !^ b]lv lkmtf{ ePkl5 hghLjgdf ;xhtf . /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf ;+s6sfn lkmtf{sf] :jfut ul/Psf] cj:yf .
*= c~rn k|zf;s, If]lqo k|zf;s / lhNnf ;+of]hsx?sf] lgo'lQmn] hgtfdf ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z / k|efj .
(= /fd|f ;lrj, ;x–;lrjx?nfO{ sfd / c;xof]uL ;lrj, ;x–;lrjx?nfO{ cltl/Qm ;d"xdf k7fOg'n] k|zf;goGqdf ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z .
!)= %@ lhNnfsf k|=lh=c=sf] ;?jf, gof“ lgo'lQmn] ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/jfxLdf k|efjsfl/tf .
!!= cft+ssf/Lx?;“u le8\g hgtf la:tf/} tof/ x'g yfn]sf] l:ytL .
!@= sf7df8f} Nxf;f a; ;]jf ;~rfngn] b'O{ b]zsf] ;DaGw emg} ;'dw'/ .
!#= >L % sf] rLg / ef/tsf] g]kfn …6«flGh6 KjfOG6Ú ;DalGw cjwf/0ffn] b'a} b]z aLrsf] ;DaGw ;'b[9 x'g] .
!$= !)) lbg leq >L % af6 /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf JoQm k|lta4tfn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf kIfdf ;/sf/ k|i6 /x]sf] ;Gb]z k|jfx .
!%= ;/sf/L /fh:j p7\tLdf ;'wf/, cfly{s ck/fwdf lgs} sdL .
!^= cgfjZos vr{ s6f}tL, sldzg k|yfsf] cGTo, sd{rf/Lx?df lhDd]jf/L af]w, ;/sf/L l9s'6Ldf ul/g] dgk/L / hyfefjLsf] cGTo .
!&= @)^@ ;fn leq gu/kflnsfsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ 3f]if0ff ;sf/fTds .
!*= ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«nfO{ g/fd|f];“u k|efj kfl/;s]sf cft+ssf/Lx?nfO{ of] aLrdf k'm6fpg] sfo{df ;/sf/L k|of; ;kmn /x]sf] l:ylt .
;du|df x/ If]qdf # dlxgfdf w]/} ;'wf/ ePsf] l:ytLn] /fhfsf] zf;gsfn :jl0f{d 5 eGg] hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof 5 .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j ;/sf/af6 :yfoL zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ tyf cj?4 k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ tLg jif{leq} ultzLn t'Nofpg] b[9tfsf ;fy zfxL sbd rflnaS;]sf] ca Ps ;o lbg k'Ub}5 . d'n'sdf xfjL ePsf ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf] ;dfwfgsf] c7f]6 ;lxt df};'km ;/sf/af6 ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj u|x0f ul/aS;]sf] ;o lbgsf] lgs6tf;“u} /fhgLlts j[Qdf o; cjlwsf pknAwL tyf sdL sdhf]/Lsf] af/]df l6sfl6Kk0fL Pj+ ;dLIff x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
df3 !( ut]sf] zfxL sbdkl5sf] kl/jlt{t kl/l:yltsf] d'Nof+sg / ;ldIffsf] ;jfndf ;a}df Ps?ktf 5}g . zfxL 3f]if0ffdf cleJoQm k|lta4tf cg'?k /fHon] y'k|} kxn ul/;s]sf] 5 . zflGt ;'/Iff ;'b[9 agfpg] tyf cft+s lgoGq0f ug]{ ;jfndf y'k|} pNn]Vo pknAwL xfl;n ePsf 5g\ . ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] dgf]an p“rf] ePsf] k|ltkmn cft+sdf ;/Ls dfcf]jfbL kIf x/]s df]rf{df ljkmn eO/x]sf] 5 . o;aLrdf ljb|f]xL ;d"xsf tkm{af6 g]kfn aGb / d'n'se/L gfsfaGbLsf cg]sy/L k|of; gePsf xf]Ogg\ . r}q @) b]lv #) ;Ddsf] ldlt g} ls6fg u/]/ ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 cfJxfg ul/Psf] pkTosf gfsfaGbLnfO{ ;'/Iff kmf}hn] ljkmn dfq} kf/]gls cfd g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfjt hfjtsf] ;'ljwf ;d]t lg/Gt/ k|bfg u¥of] .
ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 cfJxfg ul/Psf] b'O{ k6ssf] gfsfaGbLnfO{ ljkmn t'NofP/ pkTosf leqsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ;Gt'lnt /flvPsf] 36gfqmdnfO{ ;fdfGo pknlAwdfGg ldNb}g . ;a}sf] s'/fsf] gsf/fTds ;f]r ;lxt ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|j[lQaf6 k[ys a;]sf ;r]t g]kfnLx?n] ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] dgf]an p“rf] ePs} sf/0fn] ljb|f]xLx?sf] gfsfaGbL ljkmn ePsf] s'/fnfO{ cGt/cfTdfb]lvg} :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . ?s'dsf] vf/f, alb{ofsf] u0f]zk'/ tyf bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6df ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 k"0f{ t}of/Lsf ;fy ul/Psf] pRr k|s[ltsf] cfqmd0fnfO{ ;'/Iff kmf}hn] ;lhn} k/f:t u/]af6 klg zfxL sbd rflnPkl5 ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] dgf]an pRr ePsf] s'/fn] k'i6ofO{ kfPsf] 5 .
o;} cjlwleq zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLsf] pRr tx;Dd cfkm\gf] kx'“r k'¥ofPsf] ;r]t g]kfnLx?n] :ki6 dx;'; u/]sf 5g\ . cft+sdf ;l/s dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tj k+lQmdf uDeL/ k'm6 cfPsf] va/ b'O{ dlxgf cufj} zfxL ;]gfsf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] lyof] . ;f] s'/f cfd g]kfnLnfO{ ;"–;'lrt u/fpg] qmddf zfxL ;]gfsf] xjfnf lb+b} ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] ;Dk|]lift gu/]sf klg xf]Ogg\ . t/, cfk"mx? leqsf] dte]b hgtfn] yfxf kfp“bf ;f+u7lgs Pstf rsgfr'/ x'g] qf;n] ubf{ ljb|f]xLx?n] pN6} zfxL ;]gf dfkm{t\ ;Dk|]lift ;dfrf/nfO{ ldYof atfpb} cfPsf 5g\ . t/, ;f“rf] s'/f hlt 9f“6] klg 5f]Kg g;lsg] oyfy{ cufl8 ljb|f]xL ;d"xsf] s]xL hf]8 nfu]g . cGttM jf:tljstf :jLsf/ ug{ ljb|f]xL kIf afWo eO;s]sf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf pgLx?sf ;a} s'/f kTofpg ljutsf] ;xh k'g/fj[lQ ;Dej 5}g .
zfxL sbd rflnPkl5sf z'?sf lbgdf e|i6x? ys{dfg ePs} klg x'g\ . k|zf;lgs sfd sf/jfxL ;xh, ;/n / zL3| ;Dkfbg ePsf] klg huhfx]/} 5 . t/, lj:tf/} Tof] ;sf/fTdstfnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg]{ ;+s]t b]lvPsf 5g\ . lghfdlt k|zf;g kl/dflh{t gul/+bf /fHon] ;a} vfn] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{tkm{ lnPsf] c7f]6df k|zf;lgs If]qaf6 c;xof]usf ;+s]t b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . zfxL sbd ;kmn ePsf] b]Vg grfxg] k"jf{u|xL /fhgLlts cfu|xaf6 k|efljt sd{rf/Lx?sf] Jojxf/k|lt lgu/fgL ug]{ sfo{df hlt pbf;Lgtf k|s6 x'G5, TolQ g} k|zf;lgs If]q c;xof]uL aGg] oyfy{k|lt /fHosf] Wofg k'lu/x]sf] 5}g . To;s} k|ltkmn zfxL sbd nfu" ePkl5sf z'?sf lbgsf] pT;fxhgs cj:yf lj:tf/} ctLtdf cg'jflbt x'g vf]h]sf] 5 .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] j}7sx?n] u/]sf ;a} lg0f{ox? oyfzL3| Jojxf/df ;fy{s agfOg' kg]{df s]xL sdhf]/L gb]lvPsf 5}gg\ . @! a'“b] sfo{qmdk|ltsf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] cle?lrsf] ;Ddfgsf nflu lj:t[t sfo{ of]hgf l56f] NofOg' kg]{df cgfjZos l9nfO{ ePsf] tkm{ ;r]t g]kfnLx?n] cf}Nofpg yfn]sf 5g\ . e|i6frf/ ;dfKt kfg]{ pRr ;bfzo cg'?k ul7t zfxL cfof]un] klg zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] dd{ / efjgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg]{ lbzfdf k|efjsf/L lgjf{x ug'{k5{ eGg] ;a}sf] ts{ 5 .
cft+sjfblj?4sf] n8fO“df cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqLsf] e|d0f pknlAwd"ns
sf7df8f} . blIf0f Pl;of dfldnf x]g]{ cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]z dGqL lqmli6gf /f]Ssf lxhf] g]kfn cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 . lxhf] pxf“nfO{ lqe"jg cGt/f{li6« ljdfg:yndf k//fi6« ;lrj dw'/d0f cfrfo{ / cd]l/sL /fhb"t h]D; df]/L cfl6{n] :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . lxh} dGqL lqmli6gfn] dGqL kl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf åo 8f= t'N;L lu/L / sLlt{lglw lji6;“u b'O{ b]zsf cfk;L ;DaGwaf/] e]6jftf{ ug'{eof] . o;}aLr pxf“sf] lxhf]b]lv z'? ePsf] tLglbg] e|d0f g]kfnsf] nflu cToGt dxTjk"0f{ ;fljt x'g] / vf;u/L o; e|d0fn] cft+sjfb lj?4 g]kfnsf] n8fO{df yk d2t k'Ug] wf/0ff k//fi6«ljb\ tyf k"j{/fhb"tx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht ;fIffTsf/ sfo{qmddf pgLx?n] eg] –æg]kfnn] rfx]sf] k|hftGq, zflGt, dfgjclwsf/ / cft+sjfb lj?4sf] n8fO{df o; e|d0fn] gof“ kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ug]{5, cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqLn] g]kfn e|d0f ug'{ g} g]kfnsf nflu cToGt dxTjk"0f{ / P]ltxfl;s s'/f xf] .Æ cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]z dGqLsf] e|d0fn] cd]l/sf g]kfnnfO{ t];|f] cf“vfaf6 gx]l/sg ;f]em} oxf“ cfP/ ;+jfb ug{ rflx/x]sf] ;+s]t lbPsf] pgLx?sf] egfO{ lyof] .
sfo{qmddf Pdfn]sf ljb]z ljefu k|d'v emngfy vgfnn] lxhf] ;f“emg} cfk"mn] cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]z dGqLnfO{ e]6g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] / ;f] sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf] oyfy{ l:ylt hfgsf/L u/fpg] atfpg'eof] . g]kfndf clxn] k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/ vf]l;Psf] l:yltdf cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqLsf] e|d0fn] k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf / dfgjclwsf/ sfod ug{ ;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg] cfzf JoQm ug'{eof] . cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqLsf] e|d0fdf lau|]sf] clxn]sf] kl/l:yltnfO{ s;/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5, ToxL Ph]08f x'g;S5 pxf“sf] egfO{ lyof] . /fi6« ljeflht eO/x]sf] o; l:yltdf cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqLsf] e|d0f g]kfnsf] nflu vf;} pknlAwd"ns x'g g;Sg] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k//fi6«ljb\ lx/0onfn >]i7n] eg] cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqLsf] e|d0f cft+sjfblj?4sf] g]kfnsf] n8fO{df cToGt pknAwLd"ns x'g ;Sg] / o; e|d0fn] ltdLx?sf] kIfdf xfdL 5f} eGg] ;+s]t lbPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] –e|d0fn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ zflGtsf nflu sfd u/ / ;QfnfO{ k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/nfO{ Vofn u/ eGg] bafa lbg;S5 . e|d0fdf cft+sjfblj?4sf] n8fO{ dfgjclwsf/, k|hftGq / e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] ljifodf 5nkmnsf Ph]08f x'g;Sg] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] o; e|d0fn] cd]l/sf g]kfnnfO{ t];|f] cf“vfaf6 gx]l/sg ;f]em} oxf“ cfP/ oxf“sf] jf:tljs l:ylt a'em\g rfx]sf] ;+s]t lbPsf], h'g g]kfnsf] nflu pknlAwd"ns x'g;Sg] atfpg'eof] .
cd]l/sfsf nflu k"j{ zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t bfdf]b/ uf}tdn] g]kfnk|lt cd]l/sfsf] rf;f] k|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/, cft+slj?4sf] n8fO{ tyf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ /x]sf] / pgLx?sf] rf;f]nfO{ g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . cd]l/sLx? cft+sjfblj?4sf] n8fO{ / k|hftGqk|ltsf] rf;f]nfO{ ;“u;“u} lnP/ hfg] atfpg'x'“b} uf}tdn] cd]l/sLx? g]kfnsf] lxt / :yfloTj rfx]sf] atfpg'eof] . cd]l/sfsf nflu k"j{ zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t ljZj k|wfgn] cd]l/sf;“u g]kfnsf] k|ToIf ;+jfb x'g' g]kfnsf] nflu cToGt pknlAwd"ns ePsf] atfpg'x'“b} o; e|d0fnfO{ g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] lxtsf] nflu pkof]u ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] /Ssf] of] lgoldt e|d0f xf], o; e|d0fkl5 g]kfnsf] oyfy{ l:ylt cd]l/sL sf+u|];df k|ltj]bgsf] ?kdf a'emfO{g] 5, h;n] g]kfnsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ sfd ug]{ 5 .
g]kfn cd]l/sf RofDa/ ckm sdz{sf cWoIf ls/0f ;fvn] tof/L kf]zfssf] lgof{tdf $! k|ltztn] lu/fj6 cfPsf] ;Gbe{df cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqLsf] e|d0fsf] a]nf g]kfnsf s'6gLlt1x?n] o; s'/fnfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf p7fpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . g]kfnsf] nflu cd]l/sfaf6 8\o"l6lk|msf] ;'ljwf lbg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;xfos ljb]zdGqL;“u cfu|x ug'{kg]{ atfpg'x'“b} tof/L kf]zfssf] lgof{tdf vl:sg]qmd o;/L g} a9\b} uPdf s'g} klg a]nf tof/L kf]zfs pBf]u aGb x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . l/kf]6{;{ Sna g]kfnsf cWoIf Clif wdnfn] g]kfn / cd]l/sfaLr /xL cfPsf] jiff}{ k'/fgf] ;DaGw of] e|d0fkl5 emg} k|uf9 x'g] atfpg'eof] .
zflGt ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ M nufgLsf If]qdf ;sf/fTds k|efj t/ nufgL aGb u/] cfly{s cj:yf w/fzfoL x'g] r]tfjgL
sf7df8f} . d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf; / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?sf] nufgLnfO{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf Nofpg l9nfO{ eO;s]sf] lj1x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 g]kfnnfO{ ef/t / rLgsf] Jofkfl/s gfsf agfpg] k|:tfj cfO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{ tkm{ lghL tyf ;/sf/L If]qaf6 kxn z'? x'g'kg]{ pgLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnL -Pgcf/Pg_ ;DaGwL P]g Nofpg ;/sf/n] l9nfO{ u/]sf]df Pgcf/Pgsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] b'v JoQm u/] . pgLx?n] u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?n] cfkm\gf] nufgL aGb u/]df g]kfnsf] cfly{s cj:yf w/fzfoL x'g] r]tfjgL ;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . pBdLx?n] df3 !( kl5 zflGt ;'/Iff ;'wf/;“u} nufgLsf If]qdf ;sf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] eGb} clxn] cflQg' kg]{ cj:yf g/x]sf] atfP .
sfo{qmddf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf 8f= z+s/ zdf{n] åGbaf6 k|efljt eP klg g]kfn blIf0f Plzofd} nufgLsf nflu pko'Qm jftjf/0f ePsf] bf];|f] d'n's ePsf]n] clxn] ;/sf/ nufgL vf]lh/x]sf] 5 eGg'eof] . pxf“n] g]kfnsf] ljsf;df u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?sf] nufgLsf] cToGt dxTj /x]sf]n] csf]{ ah]6df nufgLsf If]qx? klxrfg ug{sf nflu of]hgf cfof]un] pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 / Pgcf/Pg;“u 5nkmn ug}{ nfu]sf] ;d]t :ki6 kfg'{eof] . pxf“n] kl5Nnf] tYof+sdf ul/aL 36]sf] atfp“b} clxn] lg/fz eOxfNg'kg]{ cj:yf g/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . g]kfndf nufgLsf] jftjf/0f lalu|Psf] 5}g eGb} 8f zdf{n] ;/sf/ lghL If]qnfO{ ljsf; sfo{df nufgLsf nflu cl3 Nofpg k|of;/t 5 eGg'eof] . pxf“n] ef/t / rLgsf] 6«flGh6 KjfOG6 g]kfnnfO{ agfpg] ljifodf klg ;/sf/L tyf lghL :t/af6 k|lqmofx? yfngL x'g] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnL ;+u7g -Pgcf/Pg_ sf cWoIf 8f= pk]Gb| dxtf]n] Pgcf/Pg ;DaGwL P]g ;/sf/nfO{ lbOPsf] nfdf] ;do lalt;Sbf klg To;nfO{ cWofb]zdfkm{t gNofpg'n] ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstfdf Pgcf/Pg gk/]sf] b]lvPsf] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . pxf“n] olb o:t} xf] eg] g]kfndf u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnLsf] nufgL aGb x'g ;Sg] r]tfjgL klg lbg'eof] . pxf“n] OdfGbf/L;fy sfd ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnnfO{ kf“r jif{d} wgL agfpg ;lsg] ts{ lb+b} ;]tf] ;'g dflgg] g]kfnsf] kfgL, lxdfnL If]qsf] cg'kd s[lif k|0ffnL / oxf“sf ;Dkbfx?sf] plrt pkof]uaf6} g]kfnsf] ul/aL 36\g] atfpg'eof] .
8f= dxtf]n] g]kfnL pBdLx?n] lgof{t Jofkf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ufx|f] ePsfn] pgLx?n] ;]jf If]qsf] Jofkf/ alnof] agfpg ;'emfj lbg'eof] . o;sf nflu ef/t / rLgsf Ps k|ltztnfO{ dfq ;]jf lbg ;s] klg caf}{sf] kmfObf x'g] pxf“sf] wf/0ff 5 . ;/sf/n] P]g agfP/ u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnLsf] nufgLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ xf] eg] cfk"mx? h:tf ;'s} kl/of]hgfx?df klg nufgL ug{ tof/ /x]sf] pxf“n] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . ljsf;sf] ;'q xfdLn] kfO{;s]sf 5f}+ o;nfO{ Jojxf/df s;/L nfu" ug]{ eGg] g} clxn]sf] ;d:of xf] . h;df ;/sf/ / lghL If]qsf] ;fd"lxs k|oTg cfjZos 5 8f= dxtf]n] eGg'eof] .
;f] cj;/df g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf cWoIf ljgf]b axfb'/ >]i7n] Pgcf/Pgsf] nufgLnfO{ Jojl:yt / sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg ;/sf/n] l9nfO{ ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] clxn] klg g]kfndf jif]{gL %) b]lv !)) ca{;Dd u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?sf] nufgL eP klg o;nfO{ ;/sf/n] sfg"gL bfo/fdf gNofp“bf d'n'snfO{ 3f6f kl//x]sf] 5 eGg'eof] . o;sf nflu Pgcf/Pg P]g kf; ug'{kg]{ pxf“sf] ;'emfj 5 . df3 !( kl5 zflGt ;'/Iffdf cfPsf] ;'wf/n] ljelGg lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?df pBf]u Jofkf/sf] cj:yf km:6fPsf] klg pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . cWoIf >]i7n] d'n'ssf] cfly{s :jfy{nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ >L % af6 g]kfnnfO{ b'O{ b]zsf] 6«flGh6 agfpg] s'/f JoQm ul/aS;]sf]df :jfut ub}{ ^ dlxgfleq} dxf;+3sf] kxndf lghL If]qn] o;sf] lj:t[t cWoog u/]/ cl3 a9\g] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf pkfWoIf 8f= df]xgdfg ;}h'n] d'n'sdf jif]{gL Ps ;o ca{ eGbf al9 /]ld6]G; lelqPsf] atfp“b} olt 7"nf] /sd lelqg] Pgcf/PgnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf lbP/ nufgLsf If]q lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] . ul/aL lgjf/0fdf klg u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] atfp“b} ;}h'n] u||fld0f ljsf;sf nflu pgLx?sf] nufgL pkof]u x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . ljb]zL ;xof]u geP klg d'n's rnfpg ;S5f}+ eg' jsjf; xf] eGb} pxf“n] ;a}eGbf klxn] xfdLn] cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqdf Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg'eof] . sfo{qmddf pBdL uf]kfnk|;fb If]qLn] df3 !( kl5 nufgLsf If]qdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] bfjL ub}{ oxL cj:yfdf /x]df tLg jif{leq cfly{s If]qdf w]/} ljsf; x'g] atfpg'eof] . Pgcf/Pgsf cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ljefu k|d'v led pbf;n] c9fO{ ;o jif{cl3 a8fdxf/fhflw/fh k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxaf6 g]kfnnfO{ b'O{ 9'+ufsf] t?n eg]sf] s'/f cfh Tof] oxf“sf] lgtLdf nfu" x'g] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf ;ekflt l/kf]6{;{ Sna g]kfnsf cWoIf Clif wdnfn] d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?sf] nufgL a9fpg h?/L 5 eGb} To;sf nflu ;/sf/n] rf“8f] eGbf rf“8f] Pgcf/Pg P]gnfO{ cWofb]zaf6 eg] klg Nofpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
…hËnL kz'?kL xTof/fx?nfO{ kl08t gf/fo0f kf]v/]nsf] /utn] kf]nf];\Ú
?kGb]xL -/fdfk'/_ . ;+ejt g]kfns} ;a}eGbf a9L nf]slk|o wfld{s J
olQmTj, jfrg lz/f]d0fL kl08t gf/fo0f k|;fb kf]v/]nnfO{ …cft+ssf/L hglj/f]wL, cfttfoLÚ eg]/ hgtfaf6 pkflw kfPsf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] Ps pb08 ;d"xn] g[z+z 9Ëaf6 xTof u/]/ Oltxf;df slxn} gd]l6g] ul/ sn+ssf] 6Lsf nufPsf] 5 .
 |
| g]kfnsf ;jf{lws nd]slk|o wfld{s g]tf jfrg lz/f]dl0f k+= gf/fo0fk|;fb kf]v/]nsf] xTofn] cfÏgf] kl/jf/hgnfO{ dfq o;/L ?jfPg l;¨f] b]znfO{ zf]s dUg agfof] . |
ljZj lxGb' dxf;+3sf cWoIf, k|v/ ;dfh;]jL, k|v/ jQmf, jfrs, g]kfndf lxGb' wd{sf] cl:tTj l6sfpg] Ps dfq gfos, clålto k|ltefsf wgL k+= kf]v/]nn] xfn;Dd Ps xhf/ Ps ;o krf;sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k"j{ d]lr b]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd dxfo1x? ;~rfng u/]/ :s"n, SofDk;, c:ktfn, kf6L kf}jf, af6f] 3f6f] / cGo ;fdflhs sfo{sf nflu @ ca{ #% s/f]8 eGbf a9L ;xfotf h'6fP/ g]kfnsf] klxnf] ;fdflhs cleoGtfsf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] gfd :j0fL{d cIf/n] n]v]/ hfg' ePsf] 5 ;bf ;bfsf nflu .
dfG5] klg TolQs} /fd|f], JolQmTjsf] s'/f ubf{ TolQs} cuf8L, x/ lx;fan] ;dfh;]jL, /fi6« / hgk|]dL kl08t kf]v/]nsf] nf]slk|otf b]v]/ cQflnPsf hËnL kz'x?n] jxf“nfO{ ef}lts ?kdf ;dfKt kf/] klg g]kfnL hgtfn] jxf“nfO{ slxn} d/]sf] 7fGg] 5}gg\ . cfh l;Ëf] /fi6« zf]sdf 8'a]sf] 5, kf]v/]nn] g s'g} ck/fw u/]sf lyP g pgL st} r's]sf lyP, pgsf] nf]slk|otfaf6 8/fPsf gfnfos, gfd{bx? ækl08t kf]v/]n hxf“ uof] Tolx+ >LdtL agfp“Yof], g}lts ktg ePsf] dfG5] lyof]Æ cflb cflb eg]/ jxf“nfO{ lhp“b} 5pGh]n dfq xf]O{g d/] kl5 klg To; k|sf/sf] cf/f]k nufpg] / jj{/ftfk"j{s xTof ug]{ hËnL kz'x?sf] xTofnfO{ ;/n agfpg vf]Hg] kf]v/]n lj/f]wLx? dfgjtfsf gfddf sn+s lzjfo s]xL x'g ;Sb}gg\ .
/fdfk'/ ?kGb]xLdf /fdfk'/ ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] ;xof]ufy{ dxfo1sf] clGtd lbg ljxfg ^M!% ah] :yfgLo JolQmsf] Ps 3/df laxfg p7]/ lgTo sd{ ub}{ ubf{ b'Oj6f df]6/;fOsndf cfPsf hËnL kz'?kL dfcf]jfbL pb08x?n] !$ /fp08 uf]nL rnfP/ nf]slk|o ;dfh;]jL, jfrg lz/f]d0fL k+= gf/fo0fk|;fb kf]v/]nsf] hLjg nLnf ;dfKt kf/]kl5 gLhsf ;xof]uL csf{ kl08t vu]Zj/ e§/fO{nfO{ ;d]t uf]nL xfg] t/ e§/fO{ xfn;Dd lhljt} x'g'x'G5 / jxf“sf] zL3| :jf:Yo nfesf] ;j{q sfdgf ul/Psf] 5 .
k+= kf]v/]nnfO{ /fdfk'/df uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf] va/n] /fdfk'/ / ?kGb]xL dfq :tAw ePg, l;Ëf] b]z zf]s dUg ePsf] 5 . wfld{s cf:yf /fVg] b]lv g/fVg];Dd ;a} aLr cToGt nf]slk|o kf]v/]nn] cfk"m ljbfjf/L eP/ hf“bf l;Ëf] b]z / b]zjf;LnfO{ efjgfTds ?kdf cfkm\gf] dnfdL lnP/ dfq hfg' ePg, :juL{o /fhkl/jf/sf] xTof x'“bf / ;j{dfGo g]tf u0f]zdfg l;+x, dgdf]xg clwsf/L, dbg cfl>tsf] lgwg kZrft\ h:t} zf]sdf 8'afP/ 5f]l8lbg' eof] .
cfh;Dd w]/} kl08t hlGdPtf klg kl08t gf/fo0f kf]v/]n jxf“ h:tf] csf]{ sf]xL hGd]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g / hGdg] ;Defjgf klg sd} b]lvG5 . jxf“sf] jfrg z}nLdfq xf]Og ehg lst{gsf] z}nL klg crDdsf], ;a}nfO{ x;fpg, grfpg, af]w u/fpg ;Sg] k|sf/sf] lyof] . ;fob jxf“sf] Tolx Ifdtfg}, jxf“sf] nf]slk|otfg} d[To'sf] sf/0f aGof] .
g]kfns} w'|j{tf/f jfrg lz/f]d0fL kl08t gf/fo0f k|;fb kf]v/]nsf] lagf ck/fw au]sf] /utsf] e]nn] kfkL, b'i6 xTof/fx?nfO{ aufP/ gfnL;Dd k'¥ofcf];, xTof/fx? / ltgsf lgb]{zs gfO{s]x?sf] To;}ul/ /utsf] e]n auf];, hgtfsf Kof/f kf]v/]nsf zf]sdUg kl/jf/hgsf] cf“;' / >fkn] hËnL kz'?kL xTof/fx?nfO{ kf]nf];, tfsL km]l/ c? kl08t gf/fo0f kf]v/]nx?sf] cgfxsd} /ut gauf]; eGb} ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«jf;Lx?n] kf]v/]n k|lt xflb{s >4f ;'dg ck{0f ub}{5g\ . lgikIf ;fKtflxs ;d:t kl/jf/ o; b'vb 38Ldf :juL{o kl08t gf/fo0fk|;fb kf]v/]nk|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL / zf]sdUg kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf ck{0f ub{5 .
o;}aLr k|Voft kl08t tyf jfrg lz/f]d0fLsf] ;Ddfg kfpg' ePsf gf/fo0fk|;fb kf]v|]nsf] xTofn] ;dfh;]jL, ljsf; k|]dL, wfdL{s Pjd\ >4fn'x¿ zf]sfs'n 5g\ . /fdfk'/ SofDk; ;~rfngfy{ cfof]lht >Ldb efujt dxfk'/f0f tyf j[xb wfGof~rn dxfo1 :yndf jfrg lz/f]d0fLsf] dfcf]jfbLaf6 xTof ul/Pkl5 Ps lbg cl3 g} :ylut ul/Psf] 5 . ptf, kl08t kf]v|]nsf] xTofsf] lhDd]jf/L dfcf]jfbLn] lnPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
dxfk'/f0f ;'? x'g'k"j{ Toxf“af6 p7]sf] /sdsf] !) k|ltzt dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lbg'kg]{ u/L ;xdlt ul/P tfklg pg} dfcf]jfbLn] kl08t kf]v|]nsf] xTof ug'{n] 36gfnfO{ yk /x:odo agfPsf] 5 . kl08tsf] xTofkl5 b'w/fIf uflj;sf bz hgf :yfgLo dlxnfsf] cj:yf cem} cr]t / uDeL/ /x]sf] 5 eg] kf]v/fdf ;d]t sof}+ dlxnfx¿ pQm xTofsf08sf] va/ kfpg] ljlQs} d'5f{ k/]sf] / nfdf] ;do;Dd Ao"lemg ;s]sf lyPgg\ .
:yfgLo dfcf]jfbL lhNnf:t/Lo g]tf cg'kn] kl08t kf]v|]nsf] xTof sf08sf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] blnt df]rf{n] kf]v|]nnfO{ of}g b'/frf/sf] cf/f]k nufP/ xTof ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f]xL lbg laxfg ^ ah]lt/ ;'/IffsdL{sf] u:tL 6f]nL kf]v|]n a;]sf] 3/ x'“b} uPsf] lyof] . ;'/Iff 6f]nL pQm 3/af6 @ lsdL 6f9f k'Ug] ljlQs} dfcf]jfbLn] kf]v|]nsf] xTof u/]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx? atfp“5g\ . k"/f0f eg]/ em08} b'O{ ca{eGbf a9L /sd p7fP/ ;dfh;]jfdf nufpg] kf]v|]nsf] xTofn] /fli6«o?kdf 7"nf] Iflt ePsf] 5 . o;}aLr, ;f] dxfo1 ;+rfng d"n ;ldltsf cWoIf afns[i0f u}/]nfO{ z'qmaf/ /ftL g} c1ft JolQmn] 6]lnkmf]g u/L ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?dfly cfqmd0f ug]{ wDsL lbPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
;+of]u klg s:tf] kf]v|]nsf bfh' cf]dk|sfz kf]v|]nsf] 7Ls Ps jif{ cufl8 To;} lbgdf g} d[To' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“sf afa' (^ jifL{o s[i0fk|;fb kf]v|]n cem} :j:y x'g'x'G5 . pxf“nfO{ b'O{ 5f]/f cfkm\g} cufl8 Ps jif{sf] cGt/fndf u'dfpg'kbf{ s:tf] lk8f ePsf] xf]nf . o:tf] s;}nfO{ gk/f];\ .
k|lhcx? sf] sxf“ k'u] <
sf7df8f}] . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] g]kfn clw/fHosf %@ lhNnfdf k|lhcx?sf] ;?jf / x]/km]/ u/]sf] 5 .
u[x dGqfnosf cg';f/, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf ;x;lrj slknb]j l3ld/]– emfkf, tgx'“sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L uf]ljGbdl0f e"t]{n– kf“ry/, alb{ofsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g/]Gb| bfxfn– df]/ª, ;nf{xLsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L zf/bfeQm >]i7– ;'g;/L, /Iff dGqfnosf ;'wL/s'df/ zfx– ef]hk'/ / ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnosf k"0f{eQm t08'sf/– t]x|y'dsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ldf ;?jf x'g'ePsf] 5 .
o:t}, ;'v]{tsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ltns/fd zdf{– ;Kt/L, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;x;lrj ljZjk|sfz kl08t– l;/fxf, u[x dGqfnosf pk;lrj g]qaxfb'/ sfsL{– vf]6fª, wflbªsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L hLjgk|sfz cf]nL– pbok'/, e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf cAb'n snfd vf“– cf]vn9'Ëf, oftfoft Joj:yf ljefusf dxflgb]{zs xl/k|;fb g]kfn– wg'iff, dsjfgk'/sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L hod's'Gb vgfn– dxf]Q/L, eQmk'/sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L u]xgfy e08f/L– l;Gw'nL, If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no kf]v/fsf ;xIf]qLo k|zf;s af]w/fh clwsf/L– ;nf{xL / nf]s;]jf cfof]usf lbnaxfb'/ l3ld/]– bf]nvfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ldf ;?jf x'g'ePsf] dGqfnoåf/f k|sflzt k]|; lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 . k;f{df dlxnf ljsf; ljefusf dxflgb]{zs gjLg l3ld/], /f}tx6df ¿kGb]xLsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L w|'jk|;fb zdf{, af/fdf zflGt ;lrjfnosf ;x;lrj zfGt/fh ;'j]bL, lrtjgdf k;f{sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g/]Gb|/fh kf}8]n, dsjfgk'/df slknj:t'sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L df]b/fh 8f]6]n, sf7df8f}+df ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj ;'zLn l3ld/], eQmk'/df emfkfsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L j;Gt/fh e§/fO{, g'jfsf]6df kf“ry/sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L hgfb{g zdf{ clwsf/L, wflbªdf nlntk'/sf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L /fdz/0f lrdf}l/of, sf:sLdf df]/ªsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L of]u/fh kf}8]n, :ofª\hfdf 88]nw'/fsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L b'uf{k|;fb e08f/L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L tf]lsg'ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L, sf7df8f}+sf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L tf/fgfy uf}td uf]/vfdf, dgfªsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L 6]sjL/hË /fodfemL tgx'“df, u'NdLsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g]qk|;fb zdf{ ndh'ªdf, lrtjgsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L 6f]kgf/fo0f zdf{ dgfªdf, wg'iffsf sfd' k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L /Tg/fh kf08] afUn'ªdf, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf ;x;lrj uËfbQ cj:yL ¿kGb]xLdf, l;/fxfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L bLkss'df/ hf]zL slknj:t'df / u[x dGqfnosf ;x;lrj lg/~hg a/fn gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ldf ;?jf x'g'ePsf] 5 .
u[x dGqfnosf cg';f/, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf nId0fs'df/ yfkf kfNkfdf, :ofª\hfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L b'uf{k|;fb kf]v/]n u'NdLdf, df]/ªsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s}nfzgfy v/]n c3f{vfFrLdf, >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnosf ;x;lrj k|tfks'df/ kf7s bfªdf, /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|sf ;x;lrj ljgf]bs'df/ clwsf/L afFs]df, dxf]Q/Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ljdnk|;fb 9sfn alb{ofdf, If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no x]6f}8fsf ;xIf]qLo k|zf;s b'uf{lglw zdf{ ;'v]{tdf ;?jf x'g'ePsf] klg u[x dGqfnoåf/f k|sflzt k]|; lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
o;}u/L, ;Kt/Lsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lzjk|;fb g]kfn hfh/sf]6df, cWofudg ljefusf lgb]{zs v'd/fh k'GhfnL b}n]vdf, s~rgk'/sf sfd' k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L w|'j/fh jfUn] d'u'df, u[x dGqfnosf pk;lrj zÍ/k|;fb sf]O/fnf 8f]Nkfdf, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf v8\uaxfb'/ /fgf sflnsf]6df, lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf ;x;lrj /fdk|;fb zdf{ s}nfnLdf, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf ef]h]Gb|s'df/ If]qL 8f]6Ldf, ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnosf ;x;lrj zÍ/k|;fb kf08] s~rgk'/df, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf gf/fo0f/fh ltldlN;gf 88]nw'/fdf / ;f]xL dGqfnosf vuk|;fb g]kfn a}t8Ldf ;?jf x'g'ePsf] 5 .
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqL 9sfnåf/f ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb| pb\3f6g
sf7df8f} . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqL 6+s 9sfnn] lxhf] /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht Ps ;df/f]xsf aLr ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] ;d'b\3f6g ug'{eof] .
pb\3f6g kl5 ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ dGqL 9sfnn] :juL{o >L % jL/]Gb|sf] kxndf ;fs{sf] :yfkgf ePsf] atfp“b} blIf0f PlzofnL ;ft /fi6«sf nflu ;fs{sf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . jxf“n] ;fs{ /fi6«x?sf] nfnlu ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] cToGt cxd e"ldsf /x]sf] atfp“b} ;fs{ / ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] nflu ;/sf/ x/ k|sf/sf] ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5 eGg'eof] .
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnosf ;lrj nf]sdfg l;+x sfsL{n] ;efkltsf] cf;gaf6 af]Nb} ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb|n] ;fs{ /fi6«x?aLr Ps cfk;df ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ b]lv lnP/ ;';DaGw sfod / k|uf7 agfpg] atfpg'eof] .
;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf lgb]{zs Pj+ ;"rgf ljefusf dxflgb]{zs gf/fo0f uf]kfn dn]uf]n] ;fs{sf ;"rgf dGqLx?sf] lg0f{o / kl5 ;fs{sf] ;d]t lg0f{ofg';f/ g]kfndf ;fs{ ;"rgfs]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf] / o;n] ;fs{sf] nflu lgs} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ atfpg'eof] .
;fs{ ;lrjfnosf lgb]{zs k|B'Gg ljqmd zfxn] ;fs{ / ;fs{;"rgf s]Gb|sf] dxTj, o;n] kfg]{ k\efjsf af/]df af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;ft} b]zsf ;fs{ ;DalGwt JolQmTjx?, ljleGg dGqfnosf pRr kb:y clwsf/Lx?, kqsf/x?sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] 5 .
:d/0f /xf];\ ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb| xfnnfO{ ;'rgf ljefus} ejg l;gfdËndf ;~rflnt 5 / o;sf] j]e ;fO{6 xf] "www.saarc-sic.org" .
kqsf/ dxf;+3df lul/hfafa'sf] xf/
sf7df8f}+ . df3 !( kl5 g]kfndf l:yltdf ;'wf/ ePklg ljb]zLx?nfO{ pN6f] atfP/ 8n/sf] ;f]emf] ul//x]sf slyt k|]; / dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfsf nfps]x?nfO{ g]kfn clw/fHoe/ ;~hfn /x]sf] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;DkGg @! cf}+ dxflwj]zgn] ultnf] ul/ hjfkm lbPsf] 5 . o;cl3 x/]s dxflwj]zgdf ;~rf/dGqL / l;Ëf] ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ x:tIf]k x'g] u/]sf]df o;k6s Tof] ePg . b]zsf s'gfsfgLb]lv kqsf/x? /fhwfgL cfP / lgw{Ss eP/ dxflwj]zg ;DkGg u/] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 kqsf/x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g ePtf klg o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lng /ftlbg cu|;/ sf+u|]; ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf b]lv Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfn;Dd ;a} c;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 .
g]tfx?sf] 7f8f] x:tIf]k ePklg g]tfx?n] rfx] h;/L dxf;+3nfO{ b'?kof]u ug{ ;Sg' ePg . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] @! cf}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg lji0f' lgi7'/Lsf] g]t[Tjdf gof“ g]t[Tj rog ub}{ a'waf/ /ftL @ ah] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lgi7'/Ln] %$* dt NofP/ ljhoL x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] pxf“sf k|ltåGåL uf]kfn a'9fyf]sLn] @ ;o $* dt Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L pk;efkltx¿df k"jf{~rnaf6 ;~ho ;Gtf]ifL /fO{–$(, dWodf~rnaf6 lzj ufp“n] @!), dWoklZrdf~rnaf6 s[i0fk|;fb a:ofn–@(, ;b'/klZrdf~rnaf6 l8cf/ kGt @# / klZrdf~rnaf6 u+ufw/ k/fh'nLn] #@ dt k|fKt u/L ljhoL ePsf 5g\ .
To;}u/L dxf;lrjdf ljhoL dx]Gb| lji6n] ##* dt k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] pgsf k|ltåGåLåo wd]{Gb| emf @^! / s]bf/ sf]O/fnfn] !(^ dt k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;ljr kbdf an/fd aflgof“n] @ ;o %) dt k|fKt u/L ljhoL x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] pxf“sf k|ltåGåLx¿ qmdzM ljgf]b 9'+u]nn] @)$, kf]if0f s]=;L= ! ;o (& / uf]s'n af:sf]6fn] ! ;o $# dt k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ eg] sf]iffWoIf kbdf cToGt} s8f k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] kbdf ljhoL x]dGt sfkm\n]n] $ ;o $ dt k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] k|ltåGåL Ps dfq dlxnf pd]baf/ lgd{nf zdf{n] tLg ;o *^ dt k|fKt ub{} k/flht xg'ePsf] 5 .
gjlgjf{lrt ;efklt lji0f' lgi7'/Ln] cfkm\gf] lht ;du| >dlhjL kqsf/x¿sf] lht ePsf]n] ;du| kqsfl/tf If]qsf] cWoog u/]/ dxf;+3nfO{ ;do;fk]If yk ultlzn agfOg] atfpg'eof] . pxf“ o;cl3 dxf;+3df dxf;lrj x'g'x'GYof] . o;}u/L ljhoL * ;b:ox¿dWo] P;f]l;o6af6 tLg hgf gf/fo0f cd[t, ;~ho l3ld/] / /d]z lji6 d+unaf/} lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP eg] af“sL kf“r kbsf nflu #% pDd]bjf/dWo] ;"o{ yfkfn] @ ;o %!, /fh' l;njfnn] @ ;o #%, /fdhL bfxfnn] @ ;o !@, k"0f{ j:g]tn] ! ;o %% / lrtjgsf lji0f' l5d]sLn] ! ;o %$ dt k|fKt ug'{eO{ ljhoL x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] d}bfgdf plqPsf cGo pDd]bjf/x¿n] o:tf] dt kfPsf lyP, h;df h] kf08] ! ;o %#, wd{/fh n'OF6]n ! ;o !#, lbks cfrfo{ ! ;o !, /d]z v8\sf &!, ltns sf]O/fnf &#, /fdk|;fb bfxfn ! ;o $#, u0f]z l;jfsf]6L @!, O{Zj/L jfUn] ! ;o !$, 6+s kGt ! ;o $#, /fhs'df/ u'Ktf #*, gf/fo0fbQ s“8]n &*, ef]h/fh ltldN;]gf %!, uf]kfn vfgfn ! ;o %), ;'jf; b]jsf]6f !@*, lbks kf08] ! ;o !$, s]zj vgfn &#, ;Gtf]if ;'j]bL &!, dfwj ljb|f]xL &), gj/fh rfln;] &), czf]s ;'j]bL %!, ljZjaGw' e08f/L $#, dgf]h zfx #!, kml0fGb| bfxfn @@, Zofd /fhf kf08] #), k|sfz b]jsf]6f ##, sx}ofnfn s]z/L ^%, lty{ l;Ub]n $), lbk]Gb| rf}xfg !!#, ljZj/fh ls/f“tL %* / cfgGb >]i7n] ^% dt k|fKt u/]sf lyP . dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw b]ze/df * ;o (! hgf /x] klg dtbfgdf eg] (@ k|ltztn] dfq efu lnPsf lyP .
bns} g]tfx? cfGbf]ngsf] ljkIfdf
sf7df8f}] . b]zdf ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cGTo ul/Pkl5 ;+ljwfg dfGg] zlQmx¿n] ;‹if{sf] /0fgLlt TofUg'kg]{ wf/0ff ljleGg bn;“u ;Da4 /fhgLltsdL{x¿n] JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 . æåGåsf df/n] hgtf pbf;Lg ePsf a]nf cfGbf]ngaf6 ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd cfpg ;Sb}gÆ pxf“x¿n] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
pxf“x¿n] kl/l:yltsf] ufDeLo{tfnfO{ dgg\ u/L oL zlQmx¿n] ;‹if{sf] ;f6f] >L % dxf/fhflw/fh;“u ;Djfb, ;xdtL / ;xsfo{sf] yfngL ug'{kg]{df klg hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . æbnx¿n] cftÍjfb tyf cGo /fli6«o ;d:of Pj+ ;DefJo ljsNkx¿af/] cfkm\gf] :ki6 /f]8Dofk k|:t't u/]df df};'km;“u ;Djfb
yfngLsf] cfwf/ aGg uO{ ;Í6 lgsf;sf] ;'/lIft af6f] lg:sg ;S5Æ, pxf“x¿n] ;+o'Qm jQmJodfkm{t eGg'ePsf] 5 . o;/L wf/0ff JoQm ug'{x'g] ^@ hgfdf k"j{dGqLx¿, k"j{;f+;bx¿, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;efkltx¿ tyf ljleGg bnsf s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf lhNnf g]tfx¿ x'g'x'G5 . jQmJodf pxf“x¿n] >L % af6 aS;]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff tyf cGo cj;/x¿df aS;]sf] 3f]if0ffnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg :ki6 /f]8Dofk k|:t't ul/aS;]sf] / o;df ;a} kIf;“u ;Djfb, ;xdtL / ;xsfo{sf] 9f]sf v'nf ul/Psf] cfkm"x¿n] kfPsf] klg :ki6 ug'{ePsf] 5 .
zflGt :yfkgfnfO{ ;femf Ph]08f agfO{ cj?4 ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg :jtGq, lgikIf / wf“wnL/lxt lgjf{rg u/fpg] jftfj/0fsf] oyfzL3| l;h{gf u/L lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g] ;j{kIfLo ;f]r x'g'kg]{ pxf“x¿sf] ;'emfj /x]sf] 5 . o;/L jQmJo hf/L ug'{x'g] k"j{dGqLx¿df dl0f nfdf, xl/zÍ/ kl/of/, k|]d/fh cfªb]Da], bLgaGw' cof{n, 9'l08/fh zf:qL x'g'x'G5 . o;}u/L, k"j{;f+;bx¿ k]zns'df/ kf]v/]n, 6Ík|;fb /fO{, s]zjs'df/ a'9fyf]sL, csa/axfb'/ l;+x, g/]Gb|axfb'/ rGb / 8f= zÍ/k|;fb pk|]tL x'g'x'G5 .
o:t}, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf k"j{;efklt tyf pk;efkltx¿ uh]Gb|axfb'/ xdfn -afFs]_, s[i0fk|;fb ld> -emfkf_, lgns07 yfkf -kf“ry/_, b]jLk|;fb Gof}kfg] -bf]nvf_, uf]ljGbaxfb'/ dNn -;'v]{t_, dx]zs'df/ sf]df]{rf -cf]vn9'Ëf_, lvnfgfy clwsf/L -cf]vn9'Ëf_, gj/fh e§ -88]nw'/f_, dfgaxfb'/ rGb -bfr'{nf_, dx]Gb|axfb'/ lyª -g'jfsf]6_ / rGb| dxh{g -nlntk'/_ x'g'x'G5 .
o;}u/L, g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqssf dxf;ldlt ;b:ox¿ lbndfg kflv|g, lnnfb]jL af]lvd, ejfgLs'df/ u'?ª, s]zj d/x¶f, wgljqmd Ojf/d, 6]saxfb'/ lnª\b]g, hoaxfb'/ >]i7, /fdafa' l;+x, hg{axfb'/ g]Djfª, j[ifWjh jfOjf x'g'x'G5 eg] g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf sdn lrqsf/ x'g'x'G5 .
cGo /fhgLltsdL{x¿df g]sf k|hftflGqssf 8f]6L pk;efklt bLks lji6, bfr'{nf pk;efklt rqml;+x XofsL, emfkf pk;efklt ;"o{gf/fo0f tfhk'l/of, cf]vn9'Ëf pk;efklt rGb|k|;fb kf]v/]n, wgs'6f pk;efklt clhtgf/fo0l;+x yfkf / bfr'{nf sf]iffWoIf gf/fo0f bjfnL x'g'x'G5 .
;f]xL jQmJodf /fhgLltsdL{x¿ hutk|;fb >]i7, ljgf]bs'df/ tfd|fsf/, k|bLks'df/ ;'g'jf/, 5qaxfb'/ d}gfnL, dbg kf]v/]n, xl/l;+x wfdL, /fh]Gb|axfb'/ rGb, jL/axfb'/ rGb, l;4/fh e§, g/]Gb| a/fn, 6]saxfb'/ lnDa", aneb| clwsf/L, ldq;]g e§/fO{, b]jL/d0f e§/fO{, tf/fjL/ s6'jfn, dfgaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, o'j/fh l3ld/], dfgaxfb'/ ad, adaxfb'/ tfdfª / cgGt/fd e§n] klg ;xdtL JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;]gf / k|x/L o;/L df/] dfcf]jfbLn]
sf7df8f}+ . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf pk;]gfgL / ;z:q k|x/L ansf k|x/L lg/LIfssf] zlgaf/ lbp“;f] dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/x¿n] alb{ofsf] /fhfk'/ Onfsfdf uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf 5g\ . /fhfk'/l:yt ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] cfwf/ lzlj/af6 u:tLdf uPsf ;'/IffsdL{x¿ ;a} cfwf/ lzlj/ kml{s{;s]kl5 :yfgLo ahf/df /x]sf] lkl;cf]df kmf]g ug{ nfUbf tL ;'/Iffclws[tnfO{ ToxL“ n's]/ a;]sf dfcf]jfbLn] uf]nL k|xf/ u/L km/f/ ePsf lyP . dfcf]jfbLn] rnfPsf] uf]nLaf6 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf pk;]gfgL /fh]Gb| s]=;L= / ;z:q k|x/L lg/LIfs lgd{n u'?ªsf] 36gf:yndf g} d[To' ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn] uf]nL k|xf/ u/]kl5 tL ;'/Iff clws[tåosf] ;fydf /x]sf xltof/ / ;~rf/ ;]6;d]t n'6]/ nu]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f] 36gfdf k/L :yfgLo ;j{;fwf/0f /fdrGb| yf? / afns ljsf; rf}w/L uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . 3fOt]x¿sf] g]kfnu+hdf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
ptf, ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] sf/afxLdf wgu9L ahf/sf] dg]/frf]sdf b'O{ dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf 5g\ eg] /fhkl/ifb\sf ;b:o ?b|axfb'/ s]=;L= sf] DofUbLl:yt 3/df z'qmaf/ /ftL cfuf] nufO{ Wj:t agfPsf 5g\ . dWo/ftdf bh{gf}+sf] ;+Vofdf cfPsf dfcf]jfbLn] 3/ s'?jfnfO{ aflx/ lgsfnL cfuf] nufOlbPsf lyP . s];L kl/jf/ sf7df8f}+df g} /x]sf] / s'?jfnfO{ aflx/ lgsfn]sf] x'“bf dfgjLo Iflt eg] x'g kfPg . cfuhgLaf6 nfvf}+sf] Iflt ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
g]kfnnfO{ lbg] ;xof]u a]nfotn] lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg]
sf7df8f} . ;+o'Qm clw/fHo a]nfotn] g]kfnnfO{ lb“b} cfPsf] ljsf; ;xof]unfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ePsf] 5 . æg]kfnnfO{ k|bfg ul/“b} cfPsf] ljsf; ;xof]u lg/Gt/ /xg]5Æ, g]kfnl:yt a]nfotL /fhb"tfjf;sf ;~rf/ clwsf/Lx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .
a]nfotn] g]kfnnfO{ jflif{s kf“r ca{ #@ s/f]8 ?lkof“ ;xof]u k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljsf; ;xof]u lg/Gt/ /xg] cGt/f{li6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt PPkmkLn] a]nfotL /fhb"tfjf;sf clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ p4[t ub}{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn e|d0fdf /xg'ePsf g]kfnsf nflu a]nfotsf ljz]if k|ltlglw ;/ h]k|mL /;]n h]D;n] lxhf] k//fi6«dGqL /d]zgfy kf08];“u klg e]6 ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] ;f] e]6sf cj;/df klg ljsf; ;xof]un] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . h]D;n] g]kfnsf] e|d0fsf qmddf cfkm"n] ;'/Iffl:yltdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] kfPsf] klg atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
zfxL cfof]usf] d'2f ;jf]{Rrdf c:jLsf/
sf7df8f} . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f zfxL cfof]ulj?4 k]z ul/Psf] l/6 lgj]bg btf{ ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . >L % af6 ul/aS;]sf] s'g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg kfOg] 5}g eGg] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yf cg'¿k ;f] l/6 btf{ ug{ gldNg] cbfntsf] b/kL7 cfb]zdf atfOPsf] 5 . zfxL cfof]unfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& adf]lhd >L % af6 oxL j}zfv !^ ut] hf/L ul/aS;]sf] cfb]z ;+ljwfg;“u aflemPsf] x'“bf cdfGo 3f]lift ug{ dfu ub}{ ut ;f]djf/ clwjQmf e/tdl0f uf}tdn] ;f] l/6 k]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] . b/kL7 cfb]zdf elgPsf] 5– k:t't l/6 lgj]bg btf{ ug]{;DaGwdf ePsf] ;+j}wflgs, sfg'gL Joj:yfnufotsf glh/ l;4fGtx¿ ;d]t cWoog u/L x]bf{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #! df >L % af6 ul/aS;]sf] s'g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g eGg] k|:6 Joj:yf ePsf] / lgj]bsn] klg >L % af6 ul/aS;]sf] xf]Og eGg] b]vfpg ;Sg'ePsf] gb]lvPsfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnLadf]lhd b/kL7 cfb]z ul/Psf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f km]l/ t]x| pBf]unfO{ aGbsf] wDsL
sf7df8f} . ljb|f]xL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] cGtå{Gbn] rsf]{?k lnO/x]sf a]nf Tof] 36gfnfO{ 5fof“df kfg]{u/L pgLx?n] g]kfndf k|d'v pBf]uwGbfx? clglZrtsfn;Ddsf nflu k'g aGb ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . clglZrtsfn;Dd aGb ug]{ elgPsf pBf]ux?df lxdfn a'l6s, l6 uf8]{g, emfkf, /f]on l/;f]6{, ;'g;/L, Pe/]i6 k]k/ ldn, wg'iff, ;"o{ g]kfn, af/f, x'nf; l:6n pBf]u af/f, 6fOu/ 6k lrtjg, l;k|bL 6]«lgª k|f=ln=, u08sL g'8N; k|f=ln=, e[s'6L sfuh sf/vfgf, gjnk/f;L /x]sf 5g eg] ;w}sf nflu aGb ug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf pBf]ux?df xf]6n ;f]N6L, sf7df8f}, lkm;6]n nh, kf]v/f, uf]vf{ a'|c/L gjnk/f;L / a'6jn wfuf] /x]sf 5g\ .
Ps jif{cl3 klg oL pBf]ux?dfly ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLlgs6 clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o"lgog qmflGtsf/Ln] aGb ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . pBf]uL / dhb'/ ;+u7gaLr ;xdltkl5 oL pBf]u !% lbgkl5 v'n]sf lyP .
cl3Nnf] ;ftf clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o"lgog qmflGtsf/Lsf] gfddf hf/L ul/Psf] jQmJodf a}zfv @) ut]b]lv clglZrtsfnLg aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP eg] xf]6n ;f]N6L, lkm;6]n, uf]/vf a|f]c/L / a'6jn wfuf] h]7 ! ut]b]lv ;bfsf nflu aGb ug]{ atfPsf 5g\ . df3 !( sf] 36gfkl5 Jofkfl/s If]qdf b]vf k/]sf cfly{s dGbLsf sf/0f ;+s6df k/]sf oL pBf]ux?dfly dfcf]jfbLn] ef}lts cfqmd0f ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgfsf sf/0f pBf]ukltx?nfO{ ;+s6df kf/]sf] 5 . Pp6} pBf]un] s/f]8f}sf] /fh:j a'emfp+b} cfPsf]df Ps bh{geGbf a9L pBf]u Ps}k6s aGb x'“bf xhf/f} dhb'/ / pgLx?df cfl>t nfvf}+ kl/jf/sf] ljrNnL x'g] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 .
;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL / To;sf eft[ ;+u7gx?nfO{ cft+ssf/L 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] x'“bf jftf{sf] ;Defjgf gb]lvPkl5 tL pBf]ukltx? dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tfx?nfO{ dWo:ytf ul/lbg cg'/f]w ub}{ lx8\g yfn]sf 5g\ . ljut !) jif{b]lv xTof / lx+;fsf dfWodåf/f /fHo;Qf sAhf ug{ nfu]sf ljb|f]xLx?n] d'n'ssf] z}lIfs If]q k|foM tx;gx; agfO;s]sf 5g eg] :jb]zL ljb]zL nufgLsf pBf]ux?dfly ul/g] of] HofbtLn] ubf{ nufgLstf{x? d'n'saf6 knfog x'g] ;Defjgf klg plQs} b]lvPsf] 5 .
$)$% cft+ssf/L / (^ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] d[To', yk &%& cft+ssf/Lsf] d[To'sf] cf+zsf
!!@^* ;j{;fwf/0f ckx/0f, !)$ k6s ljikmf]6g, g]kfn jfg l6=eL=sf kqsf/ dfcf]jfbL dltof/
sf7df8f} . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] ut z'qmaf/ Ps kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;}lgs k|jQmf bLks u'?Ë, ;xfos /ly aLP s'df/ zdf{ nufot ;}lgs clws[t Pj+ g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L, cg';Gwfg ljefu, /Iff / u[x dGqfnosf k|ltlglw ;d]tsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;}lgs k|jQmf u'?Ë / ;xfos /ly zdf{n] kqsf/sf lh1f;fsf] pQ/ lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ljtl/t lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 M ældlt @)^) efb| !) ut] o'4lj/fd e+u ePotf ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] sf/jfxLaf6 $,)$% -rf/xhf/ k}tfln;_ hgf cft+ssf/Lx?sf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 eg] yk sl/a &%& hgfsf] ;d]t d[To' ePsf] x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L sf/jfxLsf] bf}/fg sl/a #$^ hgf cft+ssf/Lx? 3fO{t] ePsf 5g eg] cft+ssf/L lqmofsnfkaf6 cfk"mnfO{ ljt[i0ff k}bf eO{ xfn;Dd @,)&( hgf JolQmx?n] pQm ultljlw kl/Tofu u/L cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ .
d'n's, d's'6 / k|hftGqsf] /Iffy{ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf ;sn bhf{ cfkm\gf] Hofgsf] ;d]t cfx'lt lbg ;b}j tTk/ 5g / tTk/ /xL /xg]5g . cft+sjfb lj?4sf] sf/jfxLsf] bf}/fg @)^) ;fn efb| !) ut] bf];|f] zflGtjftf{ e+u ePotf xfd|f $#@ -rf/;o alQ;_ hgf jL/ ;}lgs ;xsdL{x?n] jL/ult k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
ldlt @)^@ j}zfv !^ ut] sGrgk'/ lhNnf, dx]Gb|gu/l:yt hgHof]lt SofDk;df %÷^ hgf cft+ssf/Lx?sf] ljBfyL{ tyf lzIfsx?nfO{ y'lg of]hgf agfO{/x]sf 5g\ eGg] :yfgLo afl;Gbfaf6 k|fKt va/sf] cfwf/df, alGb agfO{Psfx?nfO{ 5'6fpg tyf cft+ssf/Lx?nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng pQm SofDk; xftfdf ;'/Iffkmf}h kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
pk/f]Qm 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ljleGg kqklqsf dfkm{t ;'/Iffkmf}hdfly kqmfp u/L uf]nL xflgPsf] eGg] lsl;dsf cf/f]kx? nufPsf] x'“bf 36gfsf] af/]df 5fglag u/L ;To tYo kQf nufpg k|d'v ;]gfgLsf] cWoIftfdf sf]6{ ckm O{GSjfo/L af]8{ u7g u/L 5fglag k|lqmof cl3 a9fO{ ;lsPsf] 5 .
5fglag kZrft kqklqsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] h:tf] sf]xL bf]ifL kfO{Pdf bf]ifL pk/ ;}lgs P]g cg';f/ s8f sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .Æ eGb} cft+ssf/Lsf slyt gfO{s]x?n] cfkm\gf] cft+ssf/L lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ slyt hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;+1f lbP/ hlt;'s} 9fs5f]k ug{ vf]h] klg ltgLx?n] u/]sf cft+ssf/L lqmofsnfkx?af6 ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ wDSofpg], n'6kf6 ug]{, tyf lgxTyf, lgd'vfx?sf] xTof ug]{ tyf cft+s dRrfpg] 6f]nL afx]s s]xL gePsf] b]lvg'sf ;fy} cft+ssf/Lx?sf] lqmofsnfk ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ plTk8g ug{d} nlIft ePsf] s'/f @)^! efb| @% ut]af6 @)^@ j}zfv !@ ut];Ddsf] lgDt tYofs+af6 k|i6 x'g cfp“5 .
-s_ ;j{;fwf/0f xTof–(^ hgf
-v_ ;j{;fwf/0f ckx/0f – !!,@^* hgf
-u_ ;fj{hlgs :yn tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] 3/df ljikmf]6g–!)$ k6s .
-3_ n'6kf6÷cfuhgL 36gf –%$ k6s
-ª_ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ Hofg dfg]{ wDsL – #! hgfnfO{ .
-r_ aGb – @& k6s
-5_ ;j{;fwf/0f c+ue+u – @$ hgf
-h_ ;fj{hlgs :yndf kmfO{l/Ë – $ k6s
cft+ssf/L ;j{;fwf/0f dfly g} bfgljo k|j[lQ k|:t't ub}{ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ cft+lst t'Nofpgd} d:t /x]sf] tfhf pbfx/0f, z'qmaf/ laxfg ^M#) ah] ?kGb]xL lhNnf b'w/fIf uflj;l:yt /fdk'/ ax'd'vL SofDk;df ;Ktfx nufO{/x]sf] 7fp“df ;Ktfx jfrs kl08t gf/fo0f k|;fb kf]v/]nnfO{ cft+ssf/Lx?n] ( /fp08 uf]nL k|xf/ u/L xTof u/]sf 5g\, ;fy} ;f]xL 36gfdf cft+ssf/Lsf] uf]nL nfuL 3fO{t] ePsf pk jfrs vu]Zj/ e§/fO{nfO{ pkrf/fy{ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] >L jL/]Gb| c:ktfn 5fpgLdf NofO{ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o:t} csf]{ pbfx/0fdf j}zfv @@ ut]sf] !)M%% ah]lt/ eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] bQfqo dlGb/ glhs /x]sf] uxgf k;ndf al;x/]sf] ;dodf cft+ssf/Lx?n] k;n wgLnfO{ uf]nL k|xf/ u/L xTof u/]sf 5g\ . ldlt @)^! d+l;/ ! ut] cft+ssf/Lx?n] u/]sf] slyt wflbª aGbsf] bf}/fg laxfg sl/a )*M!% ah] cft+ssf/Lx?n] ljleGg afwfx? /fvL ca?4 u/]sf] ;8s v'nf ug{ uPsf] ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] uf8L cft+ssf/Lx?n] ljR5\ofPsf] ljB'tLo w/fkdf kbf{ ePsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf xfn kQf nfu]sf] yk tYoaf6 cft+ssf/Lx? cfk'mnfO{ hlt;'s} h]g]ef sGe]Gzg jf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] kIfw/ eg]/ k|rf/ ug{ vf]h] klg cft+ssf/L /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o d"No dfGotfx? dfly Ps/lQ klg ljZjf; gug'{sf ;fy} ltgLx? bfgjLo k|j[lQsf ePsf] k|li6g cfPsf] 5 .
pQm 36gf ePsf] lbg $ hgf ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ cft+ssf/Lx?n] alGb agfPsf lyP . g+= ! / @ ;'/IffsdL{ laxfg * ah]/ #* ldg]6 hf“bf;Dd cft+ssf/Lsf] sAhfdf lhljt} /x]sf lyP, g+= # / $ ;'/IffsdL{ laxfg * ah]/ #( ldg]6 hf“bf;Dd cft+ssf/Lsf] sAhfdf lhljt} /x]sf lyP . g+= # ;'/IffsdL{ ;f]xL ldlts} laxfg ( ah]/ !) ldg]6 hf“bf ;Dd cft+ssf/Lsf] sAhfdf lhljt} /x]sf lyP . pQm ldlts} laxfg ( ah]/ @# ldg]6 hf“bf s]xL ;do cuf8L;Dd cft+ssf/Lsf] sAhfdf hLljt} /x]sf g+= # ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ cft+ssf/Lx?n] xTof u/]sf lyP .
s[i0feL/df 36]sf] ;f]xL 36gfdf cft+ssf/Lx?sf] df]xf]/f ag]/ g]kfn jfg 6]lnlehgsf kqsf/n] s;/L sfd u/] eGg] s'/f tyf lgh kqsf/ dfkm{t cft+ssf/Lx?n] ! hgf ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ;s'zn lkmtf{ u/]sf] b]vfP/ af“sL ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ckx/0f kZrft xTof u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t 9fs5f]k u/]sf 5g\ . h'g s'/f lgDg lel8of] SnLkaf6 k|li6g cfp“5 .
lgh kqsf/n], cft+ssf/Lx?sf] dltof/ h:tf] ag]/ cft+ssf/LnfO{ ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] uf8L cfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'sf ;fy} cGo dfu{ lgb]{zg ;d]t u/]sf] o; lel8of] lSnkdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . cft+ssf/Lsf slyt d'Vo gfO{s] nufotsf cGo slyt gfO{s]x?n] cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"lt{sf nflu slt;Dd lbjf:jKg af+8]/ d[To'sf] d'v;Dd k'¥ofp“bf /x]5g eGg] k|df0f ;'/Iffkmf}hn] km]nf kf/]sf] 5 .
k|df0fsf] ?kdf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] km]nf kf/]sf] cl8of] lSnkdf cft+ssf/Lsf d'Vo gfo{s] k'ik sdn bfxfn nufotsf cGo slyt gfO{s]x?n] ldlt @)^! r}q @% ut] vf/fdf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ d[To'sf] d'vdf k'¥ofpg' cl3 eljiosf] nflu lbjf:jKg b]vfp“b} cft+sjfbsf] cf}lrTo ;Demfpg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} cft+ssf/L u'6sf slyt d'Vo gfO{s]n] cfkm\gf] slyt kf6L{ leqsf] emu8fnfO{ ;d]t l7s xf] eg]/ k'li6 ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo zflGt ;]gf cGtu{t s+uf] ld;gdf vl6Psf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf s]xL JolQmx?n] of}g ck/fw u/] eGg] ;DaGwdf ;+nUg x'g;Sg] s]xL JolQmx?nfO{ g]kfn lkmtf{ af]nfP/ 5fglag z'? ul/Psf] 5 . pQm 36gfdf s]xL ;+nUg ePsf] kfO{Pdf bf]ifL pk/ ;}lgs P]g cg';f/ s8f sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .Æ
;ft bnsf 5 dfu ;ft kf6L{x?sf] b]vfj6L Pstf
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sf7df8f} . /fhfnfO{ ;xof]u u/]/ b]zdf zflGt k'g{:yfkgf ul/ lgjf{rgdf hfnfg\, ;f“rf] k|hftGqnfO{ Jojxf/df c“ufNnfg eg]/ ;a}n] cfzf u/]tfklg …s's'/sf] k'R5/ afx| jif{ 9'ªu|fdf /fVbf klg h:tfsf] t:t}Ú eg]em} ;ft kf6L{n] pN6f] lg0f{o u/]/ emg} cGof]n l;h{gf ug]{ k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . /fhfn] ;fd"lxs ?kdf af]nfp“bf ghfg], PSnf PSn} uP cfkm} k|wfgdGqL / dGqL x'g dfu ug]{ bnx?sf g]tfx? clxn] ha{h:tL ldn]h:tf] u/]tfklg pgLx?aLr cfTdLo Pstf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g cfk"m cfk"md} cljZjf; / v'§f tfgftfg x'“bf x'“b} klg aflx/L gf6s eg] ldn]sf] b]vfp“b}5g\ . Psflt/ df3 !( kl5 ul7t ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] ;o lbg k'/f ug{ nflu/x]s} a]nf csf]{lt/ & bnx?n] …dg kmf6]/ k'm6]sf] xf“8LÚ h:t} eP klg s[lqd ?kdf Ps eO{ ^ j6f ljleGg a'“bf ;fj{hlgs ub}{ /fhf / ;/sf/nfO{ cK7\of/f]df kfg]{ u/L cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, g]skf Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwj s'df/ g]kfn, g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqssf sf=jf=;efklt uf]kfndfg >]i7, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf lrq axfb'/ cfn], g]dlskfsf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] /f]lxt, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cf=_sf ef]u]Gb| 7fs'/, ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{ g]kfnsf ;L=kL= d}gfnLn] x:tfIf/
ul/ ev{/} Ps ;+o'Qm lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ % jif{ Dofb k'uL;s]sf], ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] klg k'g{:yfkgf x'g g;Sg] elg ljZn]if0f ;lxt km};nf u/]sf], dl/;s]sf] k|ltlglw ;ef Ao"“tfpg] xf“:of:kb dfu u/]sf 5g\ .
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kf7sx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;ft kf6L{sf] hf/L ;+o'Qm lj1lKt tn h:tfsf] t:t} k|:t't 5M– æb]z / hgtf olta]nf uDeL/ ;+s6af6 u'lh|g' kl//x]sf] s'/f ;a}nfO{ ljlbt} 5 . d'n'sdf ax'bnLo k|hftGq :yfkgf ePsf] % jif{ gk'Ub} g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;'? u/]sf] ;z:q åGbn] hGdfPsf] lx+;f / k|ltlx+;fsf] qmddf clxn];Dd !@ xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] Hofg uO;s]sf] 5, ;of}+ dflg;x? j]kQf ePsf 5g, xhf/f} dflg;x? ckfË ag]sf 5g / nfvf}+sf] ;+Vofdf lj:yflkt 5g\ . of] ;d:ofsf] /fhgLlts ;dfwfg klxNofpg'kg]{ cfjZostf ljkl/t df3 !(, @)^! df /fhfaf6 anft zfxL 3f]if0ffdfkm{t k|ToIf ?kdf ;Dk"0f{ ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lng] sfd eof] . To;kl5 d'n'ssf] l:ylt emg\ åGbu|:t / hl6n aGb} uPsf] 5 . b]z /fhgLlts ?kdf emg a9L ljeflht x'“b} uPsf] 5 . hgtfsf df}lns xsx? lgnlDat ul/Psf 5g\, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf / sfo{stf{x?, ;~rf/sdL{x? dfgj clwsf/jfbL / k|hftGqsf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg]x? aGbL agfOPsf 5g\ . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ gfddf c;+j}wflgs ta/n] zfxL cfof]u u7g u/L /fhgLlts g]tf, sfo{stf{;d]tsf] t]hf]aw ul/g] qmd ;'? ePsf] 5 . k|]; :jtgqtfdfly c+s'z nufOPsf] 5 . g]kfnL gful/sx? /fHosf] cjfl~5t bafa / aGb]haf6 kLl8t kfl/Psf 5g\ . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / k|lti7fdf ;d]t uDeL/ Iflt k'Ug uPsf] 5 . d'n'sdf nufOPsf] ;+s6sfn xfn cfP/ x6fpg afWo eP klg b]zsf] ;du| l:yltdf s'g} ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g .
!* c;f]h @)%( sf] c;+j}wflgs / k|ltufdL zfxL 3f]if0ffsf lj?4 /fhgLlts bnx?, k]zfut ;+3;+;yfx?, gful/s ;dfh / g]kfnL hgtf cf cfkm\gf 9+un] cfGbf]lnt /x+b} cfPsf lyP .
df3 !(, @)^! sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff /fhfåf/f lg/+s'z ?kdf k|ToIf zf;g rnfpg ul/Psf] 3f]/ ck|hftflGqs, c;+j}wflgs / k|ltufdL sbd xf] . o;sf lj?4 ;ft /fhgLlts bn zflGtk"0f{, ;+o'Qm / ;zQm hgcfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostfdf ;xdt ePsf 5f} . o;} k[i7e"lddf xfdL /fhgLlts bnx? k"0f{ k|hftGq Pj+ lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgf, dfgj clwsf/sf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt ub}{ b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ 8f]¥ofpg lgDgadf]lhdsf] ;femf ;xdlt / k|lta4tfsf cfwf/df Pstfa4 ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f} .
ljutsf] ;+lIfKt d'Nof+sg M @)$^ ;fnsf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngn] d'n'sdf P]ltxfl;s kl/jt{g NofPsf] lyof] . To;n] b]zdf k|hftflGqs / /fli6«o ljsf;sf] k|lqmofnfO{ Pp6f gof“ prfO{df p7fPsf] lyof] . b]zdf nf]stflGqs cEof;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg], sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ lj:tf/ ub}{ nfg], ;fwgsf] af“8kmf8 ug]{ kl/kf6Ldf kl/jt{g Nofpg], ljsf;sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f ug]{ / lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;~rf/, lah'nL / vfg]kfgLsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ If]qdf pNn]vgLo k|ult ePsf 5g\ . Tolt x'“bfx'“b} klg dlxnf, hghflt, blnt dw];L ;d'bfo, lk5l8Psf If]q, ul/a / ljkGg ju{nfO{ kl/jt{gsf] Jofks, pGgt / ;dfj]zL agfpg] tyf ;fdflhs cfly{s ?kfGt/0f ug]{ lbzfdf sdL sdhf]/L /xg uP . o; cjlwdf ;+;båf/f ;'zf;g / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf lbzfdf ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/of] . t/ klg e|i6frf/sf ;d:of xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x\of] . lx+;fTds 4Gbsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ / k|ltudgsf] vt/fnfO{ ;dod} dxz'; u/]/ To;sf lj?4 ;hu / ;ts{ x'g'kg]{ s'/fdfk lg sdLsdhf]/L /xg uP .
cf–cfkm\gf sdL sdhf]/Lk|lt cfTdfnf]lrt x'g] / ltgLx?nfO{ km]l/ bf]xf]l/g glbg] ;+sNkg u/L @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng tyf k|hftGq k'gM:yfkgfkl5sf jif{x?sf] pknlAwx?sf] /Iff ub}{ xfdL k|hftgq / /fli6«o ljsf;sf] k|lqmofnfO{ cem pGgt agfpg ;+o'Qm k|of;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] k|lta4tf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
!= cltjfb xf]Og– k|hftflGqs dfuPsf] canDag
olta]nf g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6« /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;gaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] blIf0fkGyL cltjfb / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] pu|jfdkGyL clgjfbaf6 cfqmfGt ag]sf 5g\ . oL b'j} cltjfbaf6 d'n'snfO{ d'Qm u/L ;+j}wflgs / hgk|ltlglwd"ns zf;g / k|hftflGqs dfu{tkm{ gnu'Gh]n b]z / hgtfsf s'g} klg ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsGg . k|hftGq / hgk|ltlglwd"ns zf;g /fli6«o /fhgLltdf sfo{/t ;a} zlQmaLrsf] /fli6«o ;xdltsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] .
@= /fhfsf] lg/+s'z zf;gsf] cGTo–cfhsf] cfjZostf
/fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;gsf] ;+ljwfg / ;+;bsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / hgclwsf/nfO{ nTofP/ b]znfO{ lg/+s'ztftkm{ 8f]¥ofPsf] 5 . PSsfO;f} ztfAblsf] g]kfndf klg lg/+s'ztfsf] k'/ftg / jj{/ k|of]u x'g'n] g]knf / g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fli6«o k|lti7fnfO{ ljZj hgdtsf ;fd" uDeL/ ?kdf Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . To;}n] d'n'snfO{ ;+j}wflgs / k|hftflGqs /fhgLlts dfu{tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg ;j{k|yd ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts aGbLx?nfO{ l/xfO{, df}lns xs / k|]; :jtGqtfsf] axfnL / ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ lgjf{w ?kn] lqmofzLn x'g] pGd'Qm jftjf/0fsf] lgdf{0f / lg/+s'z zf;gsf] cGTo u/L ;+lwjfgnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg] / hgk|ltlglw zf;gsf] jxfnL ub}{ cu|ufdL cl3 a9\g'k5{ .
d'n'ssf] zf;g clwsf/ hgtfdf /xg'k5{ / hgk|ltlglw ;+:yf lqmofzLn g/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] ;du| kl/jt{g / ljsf;df P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf k'/f u/]sf/ / hgcg'df]lbt /fhgLlts bnx? g} hgtfsf k|ltlglw x'g eGg] jf:tljstfnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/g'k5{ . jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf hgtfsf] zf;g clwsf/sf] dfu ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx?sf] of] ;xdlt / k|lta4tfsf] hgtfsf] clwsf/ / cfsf+iffnfO{ k|ltlglwTj u5{ .
#= hgk|ltlglw zf;gsf nflu k|ltlglw;efsf] k'gM:yfkgf
b]z hgk|ltlglwljxLg ePsf] df}sf kf/]/ clxn] lg/+s'ztf yf]kl/Psf] 5 . /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;gn] ;du| ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf / hgclwsf/ IftljIft ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} ljBdfg c;'/Iffsf] eofjx l:yltdf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] :jtGq, lgikIf / eod'Qm lgjf{rg x'g;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . o:tf] l:yltaf6 d'n'snfO{ d'Qm u/L ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{?kdf lqmofzLn u/fpg, cj?4 ePsf] k|hftflGqs Pj+ ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ ultzLn agfpg, lx+;fTds 4GbnfO{ Joj:yfkg ub}{ :yfoL zflGt :yflkt ug{ tyf d'n'snfO{ /fhgLlts cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg] h:tf p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;+;bsf] pkl:ylt / lqmofzLntf ckl/xfo{ ePsfn] lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf] k'gM:yfkgf clxn] bz]sf] ;femf dfu / clgjfo{ cfjZostf ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fk|lt xfdL k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f}+ .
$= /fli6«o ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf lglDt s]xL k|d'v sfo{;"rL
d'n'ssf] ljBdfg ;+s6 ;dfwfg ug]{ lbzfdf k'gM :yflkt ;+;bn] /fhgLlts bn / gful/s ;dfhsf] Jofks zlQm / ;dy{g k|fKt ub}{ lgDgadf]lhdsf sfo{;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
-s_ ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL ;/sf/ M d'n'sdf ljBdfg ;a}vfn] 4Gbsf] ;dfwfg ug{, /fhgLlts :yfloTj / cu|ufdL kl/jt{gnfO{ cl3 a9fpg k'gM:yflkt k|ltlglw;efåf/f ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL Jofks ;xdltsf] ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] u7g ul/g]5 .
-v_ lx+;fTds 4Gbsf] Joj:yfkg / lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgfM dfcf]jfbL ;z:q 4Gbsf] Joj:yfkg / lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgf clxn]sf] Pp6f k|d'v /fli6«o cfjZostf xf] . cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;åf/f hgtfnfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] ;fj{ef}ldstf ;DkGg agfp“b} lx+;fTds åGbsf] Joj:yfkg / lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgf ;+;b / ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] d"n Ph]08f x'g]5 . d'n'ssf ljleGg /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts k|Zgx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu k|hftflGqs lgsf;sf] ;femf k|;tfj lgdf{0f u/L dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ k|lqmofdf ;l/s x'g cfjZos jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g]5 . o; ;Gbe{df dfgj clwsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f u/L 4Gb/r ;a} kIf ;xdt x'g] / zflGt k|lqmofdf lqmofzLn ;a} lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts bn / gful/s ;dfhn] ;sf/fTds of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f tof/ ul/g]5 .
-u_ cu|udgsf] sfo{qmd;DaGwL k|lta4tf M k|hftflGqs k|lqmofdf cl3 a9\bf jf 4Gb Joj:yfkg / lbuf] zflGtsf nflu /fhgLlts ;dembf/L / k|aGwdf hf“bf hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf, hgtf g} /fhsLo zlQmsf] ;|f]t /xg] dfGotfsf] cIf'0ftf, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{, sfg"gsf] zf;g tyf Gofofkflnsfsf] :jtGqtf / lgikIftf slxNo} ckxl/t gx'g] u/L k"0f{tM ;'lglZrt ul/g]5g\ . o;sf ;fy} /fli6«o dxTjsf ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xsf] k|fjwfg, ;]gf hglgjf{lrt ;/sfk|lt hjfkmb]lx x'g] Joj:Yf, /fhosf] k'gM ;+/rgf u/L o;nfO{ yk ;xeflutfd"ns, k|ltlglwd'ns / d'n'ssf ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, ef}uf]lns, hftLo / eflifs ljljwtf k|ltlalDat x'g] u/L ;fdj]zL agfpg] k|aGw, :yfgLo :jzf;g / c;n k|zf;gsf] ;'lglZrtf, k"0f{ ?kn] kf/bzL{ cfly{s k|zf;gsf] :yfkgf, e|i6frf/sf] k|efjsf/L lgoGq0f dlxnf, blnt, lk5l8Psf hghflt, dw];L ;d'bfo, lk5l8Psf] If]q / hgtfsf lgldQ Gofok"0f{ cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf, pko'Qm cfwf/ jif{ to u/L gful/stf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg, ;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf] cjw/f0ff, k|ultzLn e"ld;'wf/, JolQmTj ljsf;df ;dfg cj;/, lzIff / :jf:yo ;]jfsf] ;'ne / ;d'lrt aGbf]a:t, /fhgLlts bnx?sf] kf/bzL{, k|hftflGqs Pj+ pQ/bfloTjk"0f{ ;~rfngnufotsf ljifox? klg efjL ;+j}wflgs ;+/rgfsf ljifo agfpg] s'/fk|lt xfdL k|lta4tf k|s6 ub{5f} .
-3_ ;+ljwfg;DaGwL k|Zgsf] lg?k0fM g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] hgtfnfO{ /fHo zlQmsf] ;|f]t dfGg'sf ;fy} ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf hgtfdf g} lglxt /x]sf] tyf ltgsf] k|of]u ;+ljwfgadf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] of] d"n pknlAw s'g} klg axfgfdf gvf]l;g] u/L hgtfnfO{ yk ;an tyf k"0f{ ?kn] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg agfpg / b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg 7f]; cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ k|lta4tf k|s6 ub{5f} .
d'n'ssf ;a} /fhgLlts zlQmx?nfO{ /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] d'n wf/df Nofpgsf nflu cu|udgsf] ;femf sfo{qmdsf cfwf/ ;+ljwfg;DaGwL k|Zgsf] lg?k0f ul/g'kb{5 . d'n'sdf ljBdfg ;a} 4GbnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;+ljwfg;efnufot ;a} k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ cjnDag ug{ tof/ /xg] k|lta4tf k|s6 ub{5f} .
%= cu|udgsf] cfwf/ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$&M g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf; / cu|udgtkm{ cl3 a9\g] k|lta4tf k|s6 ub{5f} .
^= /fli6«o lgjf{rg sfo{ cfof]hgf M ;+j}wflgs k|Zgsf] lg?k0f ub}{ lglZrt cjlwleq /fli6«o lgjf{rgsf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . o:tf] lgjf{rgnfO{ zflGtk"0f{, lgikIf, eod'Qm / ;'Jojl:yt ug{ cGt/f{li6«o cg'udg / ;xof]u;d]t ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;femf ;xdlt / k|lta4tfsf] o; k|lqmofaf6 d'n'ssf] jt{dfg uDeL/ ;+s6sf] lgsf; lg:sg ;S5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 . of] k|lqmofaf6 d'n'ssf] ;+s6 ;dfwfg u/L k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{ zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] nIo xf] . o:tf] nIo lnP/ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf cl3 a9]/dfq lg/+s'ztfnfO{ cGTo ug{ ;lsg]5 . of] nIo k|fKt ug{ xfdL lgDglnlvt bnx? cfGbf]ngsf] ;femf sfo{qmd / cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f u/L zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf lglDt k|lta4 ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .Æ
d'Vo ;dfrf/ 
