August 13th, 1999/Shrawan  28, 2056.

/fli6«o ;efdf df]xl;g

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f}+– /fli6«o;efsf] cWoIf kbsf nflu laxLaf/ ;DkGg lgjf{rgdf tLg :yfgdfq ePsf] /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf pDd]bjf/ 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;g lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . pxf“nfO{ ;Qf?9 g]kfnL sf+u|];, k|d'v ljkIf g]skf -Pdfn]_ / cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] dt k/]sf] lyof] .

df]xl;gnfO{ sf+u|];sf] @#, Pdfn]sf] $ / cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] # u/L #) dt k/]sf] lyof] . 8f= df]xl;gnfO{ pQm kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ egL /flvPsf] k|:tfjsf] kIfdf #) dt k/]sf] lyof] eg] ljkIfdf @( dt k/]sf] lyof] . df]xl;gsf] ljkIfdf Pdfn]sf !#, dfn]sf #, /fk|kf -rGb_ sf @, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf] Ps / dgf]gLt !) hgfn] dtbfg u/]sf lyP .

/fli6«o;efsf] cWoIfsf nflu df]xl;gafx]s dgf]gLt ;f+;bsf] tkm{af6 hgf4{g cfrfo{, dfn]sf 8f= /fddfg >]i7, sf+u|];sf af;'b]j l/;fn, Pdfn]sf jfr:klt b]jsf]6fnfO{ lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj ;efdf qmdzM k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . df]xl;gsf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePkl5 af“sL ;a} k|:tfjdfly lg0f{o ug'{k/]g . /fli6«o;ef lgodfjnLcg';f/ o;/L cl3Nnf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePkl5 af“sL /x]sf k|:tfjnfO{ km]l/ lg0f{odf k|:t't ul//xg' kb}{g .

klxnf] k|:tfjsf ?kdf /x]sf] df]xl;gnfO{ lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfjdfly ;f+;bx¿n] j0ff{g'qmdsf cfwf/df …x'G5Ú, …x'“b}gÚ eGb} uPsf lyP . j0ff{g'qmddf ;'?lt/ gfd ePsf Pdfn] ;f+;bx¿n] df]xl;gnfO{ lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfjnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyPgg\ . t/, clGtd cj:yfdf gf6sLo ?kdf Pdfn]n] rf/ dt lbPkl5 df]xl;gsf] k|:tfj kfl/t x'g ;Dej ePsf] xf] . Pdfn]sf ;f+;bx¿ zfGtf dfgjL, ljZj]Zj/f bfxfn, ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf08] / jL/axfb'/ l;+xn] df]xl;gnfO{ dt lbPsf lyP eg] af“sL ;a}n] ljkIfnfO{ dtbfg u/]sf lyP .

sf+u|]; / /fk|kfsf aLrdf dt ;f6f;f6 ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] rrf{ eP klg Pdfn]n] ;dy{g ug]{ s'/f eO;s]sf] lyPg . t/, clGtd cj:yfdf k|d'v ljkIfL g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, /fk|kf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf / sf+u|]; g]tfx¿aLrsf] ;xdltsf cfwf/df ;+;b\sf tLg 7"nf kf6L{sf] ;xdltdf /fli6«o;efsf] cWoIf lgjf{rg ug{ ;Dej ePsf] xf] .

o;cl3 ut c;f/ #) ut] ;DkGg /fli6«o;ef cWoIfsf] lgjf{rgdf k|:t't tLgj6f k|:tfj kfl/t x'g g;Sbf sf]xL klg lgjf{lrt x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . o;k6s klg ToxL clg0f{osf] l:ylt gcfcf];\ eg]/ cWoIf lgjf{lrt ul/Psf] wf/0ff ;f+;bx¿n] ;efdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

 gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf df]xl;gnfO{ cfkm"nfO{ lgjf{rg ug]{ ;f+;bk|lt s[t1tf k|s6 ug'{ePsf] lyof] . …JolQm efjljx\jn ePkl5 zAb sd x'G5,Ú pxf“n] uDeL/ eP/ eGg'eof]— …d h:tf] /fhgLltsf] ljBfyL{nfO{ ;dy{g / ljZjf; lbg'ePsf] 5 .Ú

b]zsf k|d'v kf6L{n] Ps laGb'df cfP/ cfkm\gf] ;dy{g ul/lbPsf]df ;Gtf]if k|s6 ub}{ df]xl;gn] ;+;b\af6 hgtfsf kL/dsf{nfO{ s;/L p7fpg ;lsG5 / Toxf“af6 s;/L sfo{qmd lbg ;lsG5 eg]/ cfkm"n] Wofg lbg] atfpg'eof] .

pxf“n] lgjf{lrt x'gf;fy kf6L{sf] ;lqmo ;b:otfaf6 klg labf lng'ePsf] 5 . …cfh pk|fGt bnLo /fhgLltaf6 lj>fd lnG5'Ú, pxf“n] b[9tf JoQm ug'{eof] . ;+;b\df cfkm"n] sfd ubf{ s'g} uNtL ePdf q'l6 b]vfOlbg] ;fyLk|lt s[t1 x'g] atfp“b} cfkm"nfO{ ;Rofpg] ;fyLnfO{ ldq 7fGg] ljZjf; klg pxf“n] ;bgnfO{ lbg'eof] .

df]xl;g k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfkl5sf] bf];|f] cWoIf aGg'ePsf] 5 . o;cl3 nuftf/ a]gLaxfb'/ sfsL{ cWoIf /xg'ePsf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] k6s ePsf] lgjf{rgdf pxf“ pDd]bjf/ aGg'eP klg sf]xL klg lgjf{lrt x'g ;s]sf] lyPg .

df]xl;g lgjf{lrt x'gf;fy ;QfkIfsf sf+u|];sf pQm kbsf k|:tfljt pDd]bjf/ l/;fnn] df]xl;gnfO{ awfO{ lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;a}h;f] jQmfn] pxf“sf] ;fnLg / ljåt\ JolQmsf] ;/fxgf u/]sf lyP .

/fli6«o;efdf ljkIfL bnsf g]tf o'j/fh 1jfnLn] ;+;b\nfO{ clg0f{osf] aGbL x'g glbgsf nflu df]xl;gsf] pDd]bjf/LnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf ;f+;bn] ;dy{g / lj/f]w b'j}lt/ dt lbPsf eP klg Tof] kf6L{df ljefhg eP/ xf]Og kf6L{ lg0f{ocg';f/ g} ul/Psf] klg pxf“n] k|:6 kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .

Pdfn]n] ;w}+el/ /fhgLltdf k/]sf] uf“7f] km'sfpg] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] pNn]v ub}{ 1jfnLn] o;cl3 klg lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] l:yltdf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] g]t[TjnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] d'n'sdf r'gfjsf] jftfj/0f aGg lbPsf] :d/0f ug'{eof] .

df]xl;gnfO{ Pdfn] pDd]bjf/ b]jsf]6f, /fk|kf -rGb_ sf ;f+;b /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6f, dfn]sf pDd]bjf/ 8f= >]i7, dfn]sf ;f+;b ;LtfgGbg /fo, dgf]gLt ;f+;b /d]zgfy kf08]n] awfO{ lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

dgf]gLt ;f+;bn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿;“u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ gx'g] wf/0ff /fVg] dgf]gLt ;f+;b zf/bf kf]v/]nn] ;efn] cWoIf lgjf{rg ug{ ;s]sf]df ;6Ls l6Kk0fL ug'{ePsf] lyof], …cfh xfdL Pp6f sl7g k/LIffaf6 kf; eof}+ .Ú

 ;/sf/nfO{ c;kmn u/fpg] k|ltkIfsf] r]i6f

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f}+— t];|f] lgjf{rgkl5sf] klxnf] k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfnsf] 5f]6f] cEof;d} dGqLx¿n] af/Daf/ dfkmL dfUg] gof“ k/Dk/f lelqPsf] 5 . Pskl5 csf{] dGqLn] dfkmL dfUg] qmd hf/L 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og, uNtL gePsf] ljifodf klg dfkmL dfUg] gof“ z}nL b]vf k/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/df /x]sf dGqLx¿aLr Ps–cfk;df ;dGjo / ;+jfb x'g g;s]/ dfkmL dfUg] /f]u lelqPsf] xf] . k|ltlglw;efdf ut b'O{ ;ftfdfq} kf“r hgf dGqLn] dfkmL dflu;s]sf 5g\ .

rf/j6f dfkmL dGqfnout ljlgof]lht /sdsf] tYof+ssf] c:ki6tfsf sf/0fn] dfluPsf] lyof] . To;df Pp6f dfkmLsf] dfq} tYof+s uNtL e]l6Psf] 5 . t/ tLg hgf dGqLx¿n] lagfsf/0f dfkmL dfUg'k/]sf] /x:o w]/} kl5 dfq} v'n]sf] 5 . cy{dGqLn] ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf k|lqmofx¿sf] hfgsf/L gu/fPsf sf/0f dGqLx¿ cGof}ndf k/] . k|ltkIfaf6 cg';"rLdf plNnlvt /sdx¿ unt ePsf] s'/f cfpgf;fy dGqLx¿n] /sd km/s–km/s b]v]/ dfkmL dfu] . dGqLx¿nfO{ dGqfnout /sd / If]qut /sdsf] tYof+s km/s–km/s x'G5 eGg] 1fg;d]t cy{dGqLn] glbnfPsf] :ki6 ePsf] 5 .

s[lifdGqfnonfO{ ljlgof]lht ul/Psf] /sddf !* s/f]8 km/s k/]/ b'O{ lbg;Dd ;bg :ylut ePkl5 o;sf] /x:o yfxf eof] . Tolta]nf cy{dGqL /fhwfgLdf gx'g'ePsfn] of] ljifo nlDaPsf] lyof] . s[lifdGqL :jo+ pkl:yt /xg'eP klg pxf“nfO{ o;af/]df yfxf gePsf] :ki6 eof] . s[lifdGqL klg dfkmL dfUg] tof/Ldf x'g'x'Gof] . ha uPsf] ;f]daf/ cy{dGqL dx]z cfrfo{n] o; ljifodf :ki6 kf/]kl5 uNtL g} b]lvPg . o;cl3 dfkmL dfUg] km]xl/:t nfdf] x'“b} uP/ ;+;b\nfO{ cufl8 a9\g g;Sg] cj:yf cfPsfn] Psd'i6 dfkmL dfUg'kg{] s'/f;d]t cfPsf] lyof] . …o;cl3 ePsf  uNtL / x'g] uNtLsf ;DaGwdf dGqLx¿n] ;fd"lxs ¿kdf dfkmL dfu]/ ;bgnfO{ lgoldttf lbg'k5{Ú eGb} k|d'v k|ltkIf Pdfn]sf ;f+;b lj/f]w vltj8fn] cfkm\gf] ts{ k|ltlglw;efdf /flv;s]sf lyP .

k|ltkIfL bn ;fgf] q'l6 cf}+NofP/ dfkmL dufpg] /0fgLlt af]s]/ cfPsf 5g\ eg] ;Qf¿9 bn g]kfnL sf+u|];leq cfGtl/s lvrftfgL / ;dGjosf] cefjsf sf/0f ;Qf¿9 ;f+;bx¿ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k|:t't x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . dGqL–dGqLaLr ;dGjo / ;+jfbsf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 eg] ;f+;bx¿nfO{ ;dGjo ug{] t s'/} cfPg .

k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{n] ;+;bLo bn / ;+;bLo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf dGqLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf ;f+;bx¿;“u ;dGjo / ;+jfb ug{ lgb{]zg lbO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . t/ dGqLx¿n] k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb{]zgnfO{ kfngf u/]sf] b]lv+b}g .

clxn] /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt x'g] vfnsf cEof;x¿ klg eO/x]sf 5}gg\ . /fhgLlts bnx¿ cf–cfkm\g} :jfy{df nfu]sf sf/0f /fli6«o;efsf] r'gfjaf6 cWoIf;d]t lgjf{lrt x'g g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . o:t} cj:yf /xg] xf] eg] /fli6«o;efaf6 ljw]osx¿ kfl/t x'g] 5f“6 5}g .

k|ltkIfL bnx¿ slt cfqmfds 5g\ eGg] s'/f clxn] ;+;b\df btf{ ePsf] vr{ s6f}tL k|:tfjn] k'li6 u5{ . ;/sf/n] dGqfnonfO{ ljlgof]hg u/]sf] vr{ s6f}tL k|:tfjn] ;f]x«f}+ clwj]zgdf gof“ /]s8{ sfod u/]sf] 5 . o;kfln ;/sf/n] dGqfnout ¿kdf ljlgof]lht u/]]sf] /sddf ;f]x«j6f vr{ s6f}tL k|:tfj cfPsf 5g\ . o;cl3 tLgj6f eGbf a9L vr{ s6f}tL k|:tfj btf{ ePsf lyPgg\ .

k|ltkIfLx¿ o;cl3 u[xdGqfno / dlGqkl/ifb\sf] /sddfly dfq} s6f}tL k|:tfj /fVg] ug{] uy{] . k|ltkIfLx¿n] u[xdGqfnon] k|ltkIfnfO{ bdg u/]sf] / 7"nf] dlGqkl/ifb\ agfP/ /fi6«nfO{ 3f6f kf/]sf] eg]/ lgoldt ¿kdf o:tf vfn] k|:tfj cfpg] uy{] . o;k6s Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 !! j6f, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf] rf/j6f / ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{sf] Pp6f vr{ s6f}tL k|:tfj btf{ ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ljlgof]hg u/]sf] /sddfly c;Gt'li6 JoQm ub{} vr{ s6f}tL k|:tfj /fVg] ul/G5 . olb of] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf ;/sf/sf] ah]6 c;kmn x'G5 . k|ltkIfn] ;/sf/sf] ah]6 c;kmn 5 eg]/ b]vfpg klg s6f}tL k|:tfj /fVg] u5{ .

;+;b\sf] clwj]zg k|F/De ePsf] 8]9 dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿ u7g x'g g;s]sf sf/0f ;+;b\n] hLjGt ¿k lng kfPsf] 5}g . ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿df /xg] ;b:ox¿sf] ;"lr bnx¿n] pknAw u/fO;s] klg o;sf] 3f]if0ff x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿ u7g gePsf sf/0f ;/sf/n] u/]sf gLlt–lg0f{ox¿sf af/]df lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn x'g kfPsf] 5}g . ;ldltx¿ u7g gePsf sf/0f ljw]osx¿ klg ;+;b\df k|:t't x'g kfPsf 5}gg\ . ;ldltx¿sf] u7gsf] l9nfO x]bf{ rfn" clwj]zgaf6 Pp6f klg ljw]os kfl/t x'g] ;Defjgf 5}g .

 ;fjwfg † ;'gsf] efp 36\b}5

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f}+– clxn] kx]+nf], rlDsnf] / lvof gnfUg] ax'd"No wft' ;'g kf“r jif{cufl8sf] t'ngfdf k|lttf]nf  sl/a # xhf/ ?k}of“n] sdL  cfO;s]sf] 5 .

kf“r jif{cl3 sf7df8f}+sf] ahf/df 5fkfjfn ;'gsf] d"No k|lttf]nf !) xhf/ % ;o ?k}of“;Dd k'u]sf] lyof], t/ of] ;ftf sf7df8f}+sf] ahf/df k|lttf]nf ;'gsf] d"No sl/a & xhf/ # ;o ?k}of“sf] x/fxf/Ldf k'Uof] . ljut kf“r jif{sf tYof+sx¿nfO{ x]bf{ ;'gsf] d"Nodf qmlds ?kdf 36\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . ca cfpg] lbgdf ;'gsf] d"No 36\nf ls a9\nf < of] cg'dfg ug{ t sl7g g} 5, t/ clxn] ;'gsf] d"Nodf sdL cfpg'sf sf/0fx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ cfpg] dlxgfx¿df o;sf] d"Nodf c¿ sdL cfpg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

lsg ;'gsf] d"Nodf sdL cfof] t <

;'gnfO{ lgIF]ksf ¿kdf /fVg] a}+sx¿n] ahf/df ;'g laqmL ug]{ 3f]if0f ug'{, ;'gk|lt pkef]Qmfsf] df]x sd x'“b} hfg' / ;'g ahf/df o;sf] cfk"lt{ a9\g' h:tf sf/0fn] ;'gsf] d"Nodf o;/L ¥xf; cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;'gsf] d"No lgwf{/0f a]nfotsf] n08g / cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{sf] ;'gsf] d"Nosf] cfwf/df tf]lsG5 . n08gsf] a}+s ckm Oª\Nof08n] k"j{3f]lift of]hgfcg';f/ ut c;f/ @@ ut] cfkm";“u df}Hbft ;'gdWo] @% 6g ;'g laqmL u/]kl5 cGt/f{li6«o ;'g ahf/df 7"nf] xnrn g} k}bf eof] . o;n] ubf{ ;'gsf] d"No 36\g ;'? ePsf] lyof] . a}+sn] ut j}zfv @$ ut] cfkm";“u df}Hbft /x]sf] ;'gdWo] $ ;o !% 6g ;'g r/0fa4 ¿kn] laqmL ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . h;cg';f/ a}+sn] klxnf] r/0fdf ! ;o @% 6g ;'g cfufdL r}t dlxgfsf] cGTo;Dd laqmL ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . @% 6g ;'g laqmL ubf{ t ;'gsf] d"Nodf Ps}k6s x«f; cfof] eg] af“sL ;'g laqmL ubf{ ;'gsf] d"Nodf c¿ sdL cfpg] lglZrt h:t} 5 .

 of] a}+safx]s :jL; g]zgn a}+sn] klg ;g\ @))) sf] k|f/Dedf g} ! xhf/ # ;o 6g ;'g laqmL ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 eg] cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]ifn] klg # ;o 6g ;'g laqmL ug]{ :jLs[t kfO;s]sf] 5 . olb oL ;'g laqmL ug]{ of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjog ePdf ;'gsf] d"Nodf c¿ sdL cfpg]5 .

ut jif{ cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df k|ltcfpG; -;f9] @ tf]nf_ sf] d"No @ ;o () cd]l/sL 8n/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf lyof] . xfn of] d"No 36]/ k|ltcfpG; @ ;o %) 8n/df cfPsf]  5 . r}t dlxgfcl3 g} of] d"No 36L ! ;o () cd]l/sL 8n/df cfpg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .  s]xL ;'g pTkfbs b]zx¿n] eg] a}+sx¿n] o;/L ;'g laqmL u/]sf] lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . oL /fi6«x¿sf] egfO 5— olb ;'gsf] d"Nodf o;/L g} sdL cfpg] xf] eg] ;'gsf] pTkfbg nfut klg gp7L ;'gvfgLx¿ aGb ug'{k5{ . blIF0f clk|msfdf ;'gsf] pTkfbg nfut @ ;o &) 8n/ k|ltcfpG; /x]sf] jtfOG5 . t/, ci6׫]lnofdf eg] k|ltcfpG; pTkfbg nfut %* cd]l/sL 8n/dfq /x]sf] atfOG5 .

 ci6«]lnofdf g]kfnL

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f}+– ci6«]lnofdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf g]kfnLx¿sf] …g]KnLh–ci6«]lnog k|hftflGqs d+rÚ n] l;8\gLdf cfkm\gf] k|yd clwj]zg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ut jif{dfq :yfkgf ul/Psf] d+rsf] pQm k|yd clwj]zgn] chos'df/ lzjfsf]6Lsf] cWoIftfdf gof“ sfo{;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;cg';f/ pkfWoIf, dxf;lrj, ;lrjåo, sf]iffWoIf, ;lrjåo -;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts_ df qmdzM zdz]/l;+x yfkf, dg s]=;L=, ;'dGt l/dfn, ;'/]Gb| l;Ub]n, dlGb/f dxh{g, /f]xg k|;fO{+ / u0f]z s]=;L= ;j{;Ddt ¿kdf r'lgPsf 5g\ .

o;}u/L ;b:ox¿df xl/ kf]v/]n, uhaxfb'/ lnDa", dx]z sfo:y, /fd;'Gb/ clwsf/L, l5l/ª t]lGhª nfdf, ;'dg kGt, ;'dgrGb| sf]O/fnf, dx]Gb| >]i7, pQd clwsf/L, dx]Gb| nD;fn, ljZj k|wfg, ;'lgn bfxfn / k|Nxfb s]=;L= /x]sf 5g\ . clwj]zgn] Zofdaf]n e§/fO{ Pj+ 8f= e]if/fh kf]v/]n;lxtsf] b'O{ ;b:oLo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt;d]t u7g u/]sf] 5 .

 ;fKtflxs–8]p k'/:sf/ k|bfg

sf7df8f}+– sflGtk'/ klAns]zG; k|f=ln= sf] ;xk|sfzg ;fKtflxsdf ;~rflnt …;fKtflxs–8]p ljZjsk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfÚ sf ljh]tf bLk]Gb|/fh uf]vf{nLnfO{ k|sfzgsf cWoIf x]d/fh 1jfnLn] k'/:s[t ug'{ePsf] 5 . uf]vf{nLn] !$ OGrsf] /+uLg 8]p 6]lnlehg k'/:sf/sf] ¿kdf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . slknj:t' lhNnf, axfb'/u~hsf :yfoL lgjf;L k'/:sf/ ljh]tf uf]vf{nL xfn gof“ahf/df a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . @@ jifL{o uf]vf{nLn] cfO{=sd= ;Ddsf] cWoog k"/f u/]sf 5g\ . ;fKtflxssf] v]ns'b :tDe ljz]if ?rLsf ;fy cWoog ug]{ u/]sf uf]vf{nLn] ci6«]lnof / kfls:tfgsf] l6d ;zQm ePsfn] ;xL cg'dfg ug{ d2t k'u]sf] atfP . k|ltof]lutfdf #* xhf/ @ ;o @^ hgf kf7sx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof], h;df # ;o (^ hgf kf7sx¿n] ;xL hjfkm k7fPsf lyP . tLdWo] uf]vf{nLnfO{ ljleGg lgsfosf /f]xj/x¿af6 vf]lnPsf] uf]nfk|yfaf6 k'/:s[t ul/Psf] xf] . k'/:sf/ ;df/f]xdf klAns]zG;sf k|aGw lgb]{zs s}nfz l;/f]lxof, lgb]{zs ljgf]b/fh 1jfnL tyf ;fKtflxssf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs ;'jf; 9sfnsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] .

;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL

k"jL{ g]kfnsf] ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ;+;bLo If]q g++= % af6 k|ltlglwTj ug'{x'g] ;f+;b d[u]Gb|s'df/ l;+x ofbj /fhgLltaf6 k'm;{b kfPkl5 ;dfrf/ tyf /fhgLlts d"ns kqklqsf tyf k':ts k9\g ?rfpg'x'G5 . $# jifL{o ;f+;b ofbjsf] of}jgsfn k6gfdf lat]sf] 5 . k6gfdf g} k|f/lDes tyf pRr lzIff xfl;n u/L /fhgLltdf df]l8Og'ePsf ;f+;b ofbj )$^ ;fndf k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf;“u;“u} g]kfnL sf+u|];df cfa4 x'g'ePsf] lyof] . t/ :yfgLo sf+u|];L g]t[Tjn] cfk"mnfO{ …sg{/Ú ug{ vf]h]kl5 pxf“ cfk\mgf] /fhgLlts uGtJodf k'Ugsf nflu 8'+ufsf] ?kdf ;b\efjgf kf6L{df cfaå x'g'eof] . xfn} ;DkGg cfdlgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;'/]Gb|k|;fb ofbjnfO{ !)&& dtsf] cGt/n] k/flht u/L ;b\efjgfsf] tkm{af6 ;+;bdf k'Ug'ePsf ;f+;b ofbjsf] /fhgLlts hLjgsf] k|f/De @)#@ ;fnb]lv ePsf] xf] . pxf“ ;Demg'x'G5— …Toltv]/ ufp“kms{ cleofg rn]sf] lyof] . ;Kt/Lsf] ag/em'nf uflj;sf] j8f cWoIfaf6 d}n] /fhgLlt ;'? u/]sf] x'“ . To;kl5 )$# ;fndf tTsfnLg /fli6«o k~rfot ;b:osf] ?kdf lgjf{lrt eP“ . )$^ ;fnsf] cTolt/ hn;|f]t ;xfosdGqL eP“ . Tof] a]nf r}q @# ut] ! ah] lbp“;f] d}n] zkyu|x0f u/]+ . @$ ut] laxfg kf}g] ;ft ah] g} Tof] dlGqd08n lj36g eof] . d !( 306fsf nflu dGqL eP“ .Ú

;fKtflxsn] ;f+;b ofbj;“u u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ljj/0f M

xfdL c?nfO{ nfb\g] k|j[lQsf] lj/f]wL xf}+

;fKtflxs M ;+;b\sf] rfn" ;f]¥xf}+ clwj]zgn] xfn;Dd k|fKt u/]sf] Pp6} dfq pknlAw s] xf] <

;f+;b ofbj M ;/sf/n] ;w}+ ;+;b\df dfkmL dfUg] s'/f g} ;+;b\sf] xfn;Ddsf] pknlAw xf] .

;FKtflxs M k|ltkIfLx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 < k|ltkIfL :jo+df slQsf] lhDd]jf/ 5 <

ofbj M k|ltkIfL lhDd]jf/ 5 . t/ k|ltkIfL ;/sf/k|lt cem} cfqmfds eO;s]sf] 5}g . tLg dlxgf;Dd ;/sf/sf] sfd x]g'{k5{ . t/ klg ;/sf/n] tYof+s g} unt Nofpg], ;+;b\df dGqLx¿ pkl:yt gx'g] h:tf k|j[lQsf] k|ltkIfn] lj/f]w t ug}{k5{ .

;fKtflxs M g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{n] ;+;b\sf] o;} clwj]zgdf gful/stfsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] h'g k|:tfj btf{ u/]sf] 5 To;sf] lsg cfjZostf dx;'; eof] <

ofbj M wgklt cfof]usf] l/kf]6{cg';f/ Toltv]/ g} #$ nfv g]kfnLx¿n] gful/stf kfPsf 5}gg\ . gful/stflagf s;}n] s]xL ug}{ g;Sg] l:ylt 5 . tL #$ nfv dfG5]x¿ gful/s clwsf/af6 jl~rt 5g\ . of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ k|d'v bfloTj ;/sf/sf] xf] . dxGt 7fs'/sf] cWoIftfdf klg gful/stf;DaGwL sfo{bn aGof] . To;n] klg ;jf]{Rrdf l/6 k/]kl5 sfd ug{ ;s]g . o;f] eP/ ;+ljwfgsf] efu @ sf] wf/f * df clxn] klg @)!( sf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/fnfO{ g} sf]6 u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgdf o;sf] ;+zf]wg geO{sg gful/stf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g .

;fKtflxs M tkfO{+x¿df of] k|:tfj ;+;b\af6 kfl/t u/fpgsf nflu s]–s:tf] tof/Lx¿ ul//xg'ePsf] 5 < cGo bnx¿sf] wf/0ff s] 5 <

ofbj M gful/stf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff ;a} bnsf] xf] . ;lsG5 eg] ;+ljwfg g} ;+zf]wg u/]/, olb ;ls+b}g / cGo s'g} ljsNk 5 eg] ToxL ljsNk k|of]u u/]/ eP klg of] ;d:of ;dfwfg xf];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}+ .

;fKtflxs M k|fGtLo ;/sf/sf] s'/fnfO{ klg tkfO{+x¿n] cl3 ;fb}{ cfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu klg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj /fVb} x'g'x'G5 <

ofbj M o;af/] klg xfdLn] ljrf/ u/]sf 5f}+ . ;+;b\sf] csf]{ clwj]zgdf o;;DaGwL k|:tfj /fVg] ljrf/df 5f}+ . xfd|F] 3f]if0ffkqdf tLgj6f ljifodf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] s'/f 5 . Pp6f gful/stf, csf]{ k|FGtLo ;/sf/ / t];|f] cf/If0f xf] . o;nfO{ xfdL ;+;bdf qmdzM /fVb} hfg]5f}+ .

;fKtflxs M ;b\efjgf kf6L{df kf6L{cWoIfsf] e"ldsf lgs} ljjfbf:kb dflgG5 . ljutdf klg w]/}n] kf6L{ cWoIfsf] sfo{z}nLsf] lj/f]w ub}{ kf6L{af6 aflxl/Psf 5g\ . kf6L{ cWoIfsf] e"ldsfdf sltsf] ;'wf/ cfP5 <

ofbj M ljb|f]x ug]{ / ljjfb ug]{ k/Dk/f k|hftflGqs kf6L{df x'G5 . lrQ ga'em]sf jf uNtL u/]sf s]xL dfG5]x¿nfO{ sf/afxL eof] eg] kf6L{af6 hfG5g\ .

;fKtflxs M efiff tyf kf]zfssf] ;Gbe{df cfk\mgf] ;f+;bnfO{ kf6L{n] p;sf] JolQmut hLjgdf x:tIf]k ug{ ldN5 < kf6L{ x\jLk nufP/ lgoGq0f ug{ ldN5 <

ofbj M of] /fi6« ax'eflifs tyf ax';f+:s[lts /fi6« xf] . ;+;b\df ;a} efiff tyf e]ifsf] k|ltlglwTj x'G5 / Tof] emlNsg' klg k5{ . xfdL bf}/f–;'?jfn g} nufpg'k5{ . g]kfnL efiff g} af]Ng'k5{ eGg] h'g nfb\g] k|j[lQ 5, xfdL To;sf] lj/f]wL xf}+ . xfdL g} nfb\g] k|j[lQsf] lj/f]wL ePkl5 c?nfO{ nfb\g] eGg] s'/} cfp“b}g . xfdL g t /fli6«o kf]zfssf] lj/f]wL xf}+, g t /fli6«o efiffsf] g} lj/f]wL xf}+ . t/ xfd|F] wf]tL–s'tf{n] klg dfGotf kfcf];\ . t/fO{df d}lynL, ef]hk'/L, cjlw, /fhj+zL cflb efiff af]lnG5 . To;nfO{ hf]8\g] ;Dks{ efiff lxGbL xf] . o;}n] ;Dks{ efiffsf] ?kdf lxGbL efiffn] klg dfGotf kfcf];\ eGg] xfd|F] dfGotf xf] .

;fKtflxs M ;+;bdf ;f+;bx¿sf] e"ldsf ljwfossf] x'g'kg]{df lhNnfsf ;fgf–dl;gf s'/f p7fpg'd} ;Lldt /x]sf] 5, tkfO{+n] s:tf] cg'e"lt ug'{ePsf] 5 <

ofbj M ;f+;bn] cfk\mgf] If]q jf lhNnfsf ;d:ofx¿ klg ;+;b\df p7fpg'kg]{ bfloTj 5 . Pp6f sNe6{ elTsof] eg] Tof] hgtfsf] ;d:of xf], To;}n] To;nfO{ klg ;bgdf p7fpg'k5{ eg] /fli6«o ;d:ofx¿nfO{ klg p7fpg'k5{ . ljwfosn] cfk\mgf] IF]qsf] dfq x}g, ;du| /fi6«sf nflu klg ;f]Rg'k5{ . :yfgLo ;fgf ;d:ofx¿ p7fp“b}df ;f+;bn] s'g} uNtL u/]h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g .

;fKtflxs M t/ ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf :yfgLo ;fgfltgf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu t :yfgLo lgsfox¿ 5“b} 5g\ lg, x}g / <

ofbj M :yfgLo lgsfox¿ 5g\, t/ ah]6 t s]Gb|af6 g} hfg] xf] . ljs]Gb|Ls/0f elgG5, t/ ;a} s'/fdf s]Gb|Ls/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f lkog lgo'Qm ug{ klg dGqLsf] l;kmfl/; cfjZos kg]{ l:ylt 5 . sNe6{ elTsPsf] s'/f dfq x}g, Tof]eGbf ;fgf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu klg dGqLn] geg];Dd s]xL x'“b}g . o;}n] ;bgdf ;f+;bx¿n] o:tf] lemgf–dl;gf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg'kg]{ l:ylt 5 .

;fKtflxs M of]hgf cfof]usf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;f+;bsf] ?kdf s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <

ofbj M of]hgf cfof]uaf6 sfd–sf/afxL lgikIf x'g'k5{ . ax'bnLo Joj:yf cfPkl5 ;a} 7fp“df kf6L{ x:tIf]k a9]sf] 5 . j8f sfof{no;Dd kf6L{  k|efj b]lvPsf] 5 . Pp6fn] ljsf; ug{ vf]h]df csf]{n] lj/f]w ug]{kg]{ dfgl;stf 5 .

;fKtflxs M tkfO{+sf] cfk\mgf] lgjf{rg IF]qsf] k|d'v ;d:of s] xf] <

ofbj M ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] If]q g+= % ;a}eGbf lk5l8Psf] If]q xf] . of] IF]q oftfoft, l;+rfO, ljB't\ ;a} dfldnfdf lk5l8Psf] If]q xf] .

;fKtflxs M Pp6f ;f+;bsf] x}l;otn] ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfnfO{ s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf] 5 <

ofbj M ah]6 cfp“5 . ;bgdf cfP/ k|wfgdGqL Pp6f s'/f eGg'x'G5, cy{dGqL To;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt ah]6 Nofpg'x'G5 . ah]6df tYof+sx¿ klg unt x'G5g\ / ToxL sf/0fn] ;bg :ylut x'G5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;Qfdf uPkl5 o:t} x'“bf] /x]5 . sf+u|]; cfkm}+df kIf / k|ltkIfL x'G5, k|ltkIfsf] sfd x'“b}g .