August 27th, 1999/Bhadra  11, 2056.

tft]sf] ;+;b\nfO{ tLg lbgsf] labf
;QfkIf / k|ltkIf ;xdltdf k'Unfg\ <

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f}+— t];|f] lgjf{rgkl5sf] klxnf] clwj]zgn] b'O{ dlxgfsf] cjlw zfGtk"j{s kf/ ul/;s]kl5 ;f]daf/b]lv ;+;b PSsfl; tfTg k'u]sf] 5 . k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] cfkm" ;+nUg ePsf] ;/sf/n] ;DkGg u/fPsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf Jofks wf“wnL ePsf] bfaL ub{} 5fglag ug{] ljifo k|j]z u/fPkl5 ;+;b tfTg k'u]sf] xf] . ;+;b\ tfltPsf] dfq 5}g, To;n] ljjfbsf] ?k ln+b} d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr c;dembf/Lsf] l:ylt;d]t b]vf k/]sf] 5 . ;QfkIf / k|ltkIfsf] c8fgsf sf/0f ;xdltdf k'Ug] / ljjfbaf6 lgsf;f kfpg] pkfo b]lvPsf] 5}g .

k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnn] ;f]daf/ / d+unaf/ /f]i6«d 3]/fp u¥of] eg] /f]i6«d 3]/fp ubf{ klxnf] k6s Pdfn] ;f+;bx¿af6 dfOsx¿ klg tf]8kmf]8 x'g k'Uof] . dfOs tf]8kmf]8s} ljifonfO{ lnP/ d+unaf/ ;+;bdf Jofks x+ufdf;d]t x'g k'Uof] . ljjfb ;fDo kfg{sf nflu k6s–k6s ePsf] ;j{bnLo a}7s / a'waf/sf] ;+;b alxisf/kl5 7f]; pkfo kQf nfUg ;s]sf] 5}g .

;Qf?9 bn g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tfx¿sf] a}7sn] ;+;b\ cj?4 ug{s} nflu Pdfn]n] cg'lrt ljifo p7fPsf] sf/0f o;df s'g} klg xfntdf Pdfn];“u ;Demf}tf gug{] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 . Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;a} k|ltkIfL bnx¿n] ;DkGg cfdlgjf{rgsf] 5fglag ug{ ;+;bLo ;ldlt u7g gu/L k5fl8 gx6\g] l:yltdf k'u]sf 5g\ . b'j}sf] c8fgsf sf/0f clwj]zgsf clGtd lbgx¿df gf6sLo ?kdf ;+;b ljjfbsf] 3]/fdf k/]sf] 5 . emG8} tLg dlxgfcl3 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf Pdfn], g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ / dgf]gLt ;f+;bx¿;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf cfdlgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL cft+ssf aLr lgjf{rg x'g ;Sb}g eg]/ cg'dfg ul//x]sf] a]nfdf ;/sf/n] l56k'6 36gfafx]s zflGtk"j{s ?kdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fPsf] lyof] . lgjf{rg zflGtk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf]df tTsfnLg ;/sf/df Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 cy{dGqL /xg'ePsf e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] dlGqkl/ifb\df k|:tfj /fv]/ ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ul//xg'ePsf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, lgjf{rg cfof]u / k|x/L–k|zf;gnfO{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

Pdfn]sf k|d'v ;r]ts clwsf/Ln] a'waf/ k|ltlglw;efdf cfkm"n] s'zn g]t[Tj lbg'ePsf]df tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL / lgjf{rg cfof]u, k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ wGojfb lbPsf] t/ zflGtk"0f{ lgjf{rg ePsf] s'/fdf :jLsf/ gu/]sf] bfjL ug'{eof] . lgjf{rg ;lsPkl5 Pdfn]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] klg ;du| ?kdf lgjf{rg zflGtk"0f{ ePsf] 7x/ u/]sf] lyof] . ;QfkIfn] To:tf] wGojfb lbg] / kf6L{af6 zflGtk"0f{ lgjf{rg ePsf] 7x/ ug{] kf6L{ / lhDd]jf/ g]tfx¿sf] clxn] cfP/ af]nL km]g{' / tLg dlxgfkl5 Tof] r'gfjdf wf“wnLsf] z+sf ug{]x¿s} lgotdfly z+sf ug'{kg{] l:ylt cfPsf] bfjL u/]sf] 5 .

rfn" clwj]zg b'O{ dlxgf kf/ u?Gh]n;Dd klg of] ljifosf] p7]sf] lyPg . of] ljifo gf6sLo ?kdf k|ltlglw;efdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . Ps ;ftf cl3;Dd of] ljifo ;+;bdf k|j]z u5{ eGg] rfnr'n lyPg . ;/sf/n] rfn" clwj]zg ebf}sf] t];|f] ;ftflt/ cGTo ug{] dgl:ylt agfPkl5 ;+;b\nfO{ nDAofpg] ljifosf] vf]hLdf /x]sf] Pdfn]n] PSsfl; cfkm}+n] ;DkGg u/fPsf] lgjf{rgsf] 5fglag ug{] ljifo cl3 ;fg{ k'u]sf] lyof] . uPsf] zlgaf/ ePsf] Pdfn] ;+;bLo bnsf] a}7sdf of] ljifo rfn" clwj]zgdf /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ;+;bLo bnsf] a}7sdf Pdfn]sf ;f+;bx¿n] hgtf;“u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifox¿ p7fP/ pgLx¿sf] ;dy{g kfpg ;Sg] ljifo cl3 ;fg'{kg{] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .

Pdfn]sf ;f+;bx¿n] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] tna j[l4, dx“uL, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu ljw]ossf] dfu ug{] / y'k|} ;fdflhs d'2fx¿ p7fpg'kg{] ;'emfjx¿ lbPsf lyP . t/ g]t[Tjtxaf6 PSsfl; of] ljifo /fVgsf nflu :yug k|:tfj Nofpg'kg{] t/ ljifo /fv]/ ;+;bsf] ult/f]w /f]Sg g;lsg] x'gfn] bx|f] ljifosf ?kdf cfdlgjf{rgsf] 5fglagsf nflu ;+;bLo ;ldlt u7g ug'{kg{] k|:tfj k|:t't eof] . g]t[Tjtxaf6} cfPsfn] of] k|:tfj ;j{;Ddt ?kdf kfl/t eof] . Pdfn]sf sltko ;f+;bx¿n] g} of] ljifo hlt nDAofof] Tolt g} kf6L{nfO{ 3f6f k'¥ofpg] / hgtfsf] cfnf]rgf v]Kg'kg{] ljZn]if0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf] egfOdf nfu]/ of] ljifo p7fOPsf] wf/0ff Pdfn]sf ;f+;bx¿sf] 5 .

;+;bLo bnaf6 kfl/t ljifonfO{ ljkIfL g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] uPsf] cfOtaf/ ljz]if ;do lnP/ ;DkGg lgjf{rgsf] 5fglag ug{ ;+;bLo ;ldlt u7g ug'{kg{] dfu ug'{eof] . of] ljjfb cufl8 a9\b} uPkl5 / ;QfkIfn] of] ljifodf ;Demf}tf gug{] c8fg lnPkl5 k|ltkIfLx¿ klg cK7\of/f]df k/]sf 5g\ . ;QfkIf klg Psh'6 eP/ Pdfn]lj?4 plqPsf 5g\ . lgjf{rgsf a]nf Pdfn]sf tkm{af6 dGqL /x]sfx¿n] dlGqkl/ifb\df zflGtk"j{s lgjf{rg ;DkGg eg]/ u/]sf] lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs u/]/ ;QfkIF Pdfn]sf] lgot vf]Hg plqPsf] 5 .

;Qf¿9 bn g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tfx¿n] Pdfn]sf] dfu cg'lrt ePsf] 7x/ ub{} To;df s'g} klg xfntdf ;Demf}tf gug{] / ;+;bLo ;ldlt u7g ul/g'sf] bL3{sfnLg /fhgLlts ;Gb]z eg]sf] lgjf{rglj/f]wL dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ an k'¥ofpg' /x]sf] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . k|ltkIfLx¿ Psh'6 eP/ plqPkl5 sf+u|];sf g]tfx¿ lgs} ;z+lst eP/ k|ltkIf;“u k|ltjfb ug{] /0fgLlt vf]Hb}5g\ . sf+u|];n] olb r'gfjdf clgoldttf ePsf] eP ;+;bn] 5fglag ug{ gldNg], r'gfjdf wf“wnL ePsf] eP lgjf{rg cfof]udf ph'/L lbg'kg{], lgjf{rg ljz]if cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/fpg'kg{] k|lqmoflt/ hfg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

…cfkm\g} af/]df, cfkm}+x¿ a;]/, cfkm"n] u/]sf uNtLx¿ 5fglag u/L, cfkm}+dfly sf/afxL ug{], cfkm}+ jfbL, cfkm}+ k|ltjfbL / cfkm}+ lg0f{o lbg] eGg] s'/f k|fs[lts Gofo l;4fGt ljk/Lt 5,Ú k"j{ ;efd'v /fdrGb| kf}8]nsf] 7x/ 5 . pxf“n] Pdfn]sf] of] dfu xf:of:kb dfq xf]Og, ;+;bLo dfGotf ljk/Lt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] olb of] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{] xf] eg] ;+;b\df :yug k|:tfjb]lv ;+sNk k|:tfj x'“b} Wofgfsif{0f k|:tfj / h?/L ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] k|:tfj;d]t Nofpg ;lsg] atfpg'eof] .

t];|f] lgjf{rgkl5 klxnf] k6s /f]i6«d 3]bf{ k|ltkIfaf6 /f]i6«dsf] dfOs ef“lrg uPsf]df ;QfkIf lgs} ;+j]bgzLn b]lvPsf 5g\ . uPs} jif{ c;f]hdf k|ltlglw;efdf ;ft nfv ?k}of“ a/fa/sf] s';L{ / dfOs ef“lr+bf;d]t ;f+;bx¿ Tolt ;+j]bgzLn b]lvPsf lyPgg\ . ;f]daf/ /f]i6«d 3]bf{ dfOs ef“lrPsf] ljifonfO{ 5fglag ug'{kg{];Dd dfu cfPsf] 5 .   k|ltlglw;efdf a'waf/ Pdfn], /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{, /fli6«o hgdf]rf{, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ / ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{n] a}7s alxisf/ u/]kl5 tLg lbgsf nflu ;+;b :ylut ePsf] 5 . ;f+;bx¿n] /fhgLlts ljjfbs} aLrdf hg}k"l0f{df, ufO{hfqf dgfpgsf nflu tLg lbg labf kfPsf 5g\ . o; labfsf aLrdf of] ;d:of s]xL dTy/ x'g ;S5 ls eGg] cfzf /flvPsf] 5 .

 ;/sf/sf] nf]slk|o lg0f{o t'lxof]

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f}+— jt{dfg dlGqkl/ifb\n] tLg ;ftfcl3 Pp6f nf]slk|o lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] sfg'gtM ;jf/L ;'ljwf k|of]u ug{ gkfpg], k"j{ dGqL, k"j{ ;f+;b tyf jt{dfg ;f+;bx¿af6 k|of]u u/]sf uf8Lx¿ lkmtf{ ug{'kg{] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . lkmtf{ ePsf uf8Lsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt dGqLx¿n] Ps ;ftfkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg{] lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .

;/sf/L ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L To;kl5 dlGqkl/ifb\ cfkm}+n] uf8L lkmtf{ ug{ k|of; ug{] / pgLx¿n] lkmtf{ gu/]df u[xdGqfnodfkm{t k|x/L nufP/ Ps xKtfleq lkmtf{ lng] Joj:yf ldnfpg dGqfnox¿nfO{ lgb{]zg lbOPsf] lyof] . t/ dlGqkl/ifb\n] lg0f{o u/]sf] tLg ;ftf lalt;Sbf klg s'g} dGqLn] ljj/0f k]z ug{ g;s]sf] hfgsf/L dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnon] lbPsf] 5 . ljutdf dlGqkl/ifb\af6 o:tf lg0f{ox¿ af/Daf/ x'“b} cfPsf] t/ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ;s]sf] lyPg .

sfg'gtM kbaf6 x6]sf] kGw| lbgleq} ;/sf/L ;'ljwfx¿ lkmtf{ ug'{kg{] k|fjwfg 5 . oxf“ kbaf6 x6]sf] jiff{}{+ eO;Sbf klg ;/sf/L ;'ljwfx¿ lkmtf{ ug{] k|rng lelqPsf] 5}g . dGqLx¿ :jo+n] cfkm\gf glhssf /fhgLlts JolQmx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] dGqfno / dftxtsf ;+:yfgx¿af6 ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ pknAw u/fp“b} cfPsf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ klg dGqLx¿n] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ok|lt c6]/ u/]sf]df c;Gt'i6 x'g k'Ug'ePsf] 5 .

clxn]sf ;Qf¿9 bnsf clwsf+z ;f+;bx¿n] klg dGqLx¿;“u ;jf/L ;fwg dfu]/ k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] dGqLx¿n] ljj/0f k]z ug{ g;s]sf x'g\ . kbLo x}l;ot gePsf s–s;n] ;/sf/L ;fwgsf] k|of]u u5{ eg]/ x]g{sf nflu cGoq sxL+ hfg' kb{}g, l;+xb/af/sf] u]6df laxfgb]lv a]n'sf;Dd a:g] xf] eg] w]/} /x:o v'N5g\ . 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{non] ;/sf/L ;fwgx¿ w]/}h;f] /fhwfgLaflx/ /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 .

slt ;/sf/L ;jf/L ;fwgsf] b'?kof]u ePsf] 5 eGg] cg'dfg g} nufpg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . ;/sf/L / ;+:yfgsf uf8LnfO{ lghL gDa/ Kn]6 /fv]/ k|of]u ug{] k|j[lQ ePsfn] of] olsg tYof+s kQf nufpg d'l:sn k/]sf] xf] . ca ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿nfO{ lghL gDa/sf] Kn]6 /fVg glbg] gLlt agfPdf s]xL xb;Dd k|of]udf sdL cfpg ;S5 . ;/sf/L uf8L lkmtf{ ug{ hn;|f]t dGqfnon] sfd ;'? u/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . hn;|f]t dGqfnon] b'O{ hgf k"j{ dGqLnfO{ kq sf6]sf] 5 . dGqfnon] k"j{ hn;|f]tdGqL z}nhf cfrfo{n] ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] uf8L nUg'ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . csf{ k"j{ hn;|f]tdGqL k|bLk g]kfnn] ;/sf/L gDa/sf] df?tL hLknfO{ lghL gDa/ xfn]/ k|of]u ul//xg'ePsf] atfPsf] 5 .

 ca dfn] ;lqmo aGg]

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f}+— cfdlgjf{rgdf ljhoL ePsf /fhgLlts kf6L{ ;+;b\df Jo:t 5g\ . k|ltlglw;efdf Ps :yfg klg lhTg g;s]sf] ljkIf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]_ eg] cfkm\gf] ;+u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu ufp“lt/ nfu]sf] 5 .

;+;b\df cfpg g;s]kl5 /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] rrf{ TolQs} ;]nfP/ hfg] l:yltsf] olta]nf dfn]n] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] 5 . ufp“df ;f+u7lgs lj:tf/sf nflu nflu/x]sf] eP klg dfn]n] sltko sfo{stf{ ;+;b\df k'u]sf /fhgLlts kf6L{lt/ knfog ePsf] b]lv+b}5 . t/, o;nfO{ dfn] g]tfx¿n] Tolt uDeL/ b]v]sf 5}gg\ .

…clxn] kf6L{ 5f]8]/ hfg]x¿ ljutdf ;lqmo eP/ gnfu]sf, 9'nd"n rl/q ePsf JolQmx¿ g} x'g\,Ú k"jf{~rnsf kxf8L lhNnfsf] e|d0faf6 kms]{kl5 dfn]sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLn] ;fKtflxs;“u eGg'eof]— …xfdL ufp“df k'Ubf ;fyLx¿ emg\ sl;nf] eP/ cfO/x]sf 5g\, lg/fzf 5}g .Ú

lgjf{rgkl5 kf6L{leq s]xL ljrng cfPsf] dx;'; u/]/ dfn] g]t[Tjn] o;} dlxgfsf] @!, @@ / @# ut] kf]v/fdf /fli6«o e]nfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . of] e]nfn] kf6L{ lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f cleofgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{5 . …r'gfjkl5sf] dfgl;stfnfO{ p7fpg e]nfn] d2t ug]{5Ú, d}gfnLn] eGg'eof] .

d}gfnLsf cg';f/, pQm e]nfdf clw/fHoe/af6 kf6L{sf lhNnf ;lrj, pk;lrj, OGrfh{nufotsf sl/a cf7 ;o ;lqmo sfo{stf{x¿n] efu lng] ePsf 5g\ . To; e]nfn] clxn];Ddsf sfdsf] d"Nof+sg ug'{sf ;fy} kf6L{ lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f -lj;'_ cleofgsf nflu sfo{qmd to ug]{5 . e]nfkl5 ufp“:t/;Dd kf6L{ lj:tf/sf sfd ;~rfng ug]{ k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf klg 5nkmn x'g]5 .

…of] kf6L{nfO{ gof“ hLjg lbg] sfo{qmd xf],Ú d}gfnLn] eGg'eof]— …clxn] kf6L{sf ;a} ;fyLx¿ lhNnf–lhNnfdf k'Ug'ePsf] 5 .Ú dfn]sf g]tfx¿ kf6L{nfO{ ult lbg] p2]Zon] ;lqmo ag]sf eP klg kf6L{n] lnPsf] clxn]sf] gLlt Pdfn]sf] eGbf leGg gePsf]n] klg o;k|lt cfsif{0f x'g g;s]sf] eGg] wf/0ff klg o;}leqaf6 lgl:s/x]sf] 5 . dfn]sf sltko o'jf g]tfx¿n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{ s'g cy{df Pdfn]eGbf leGg 5 < eGg] k|Zg ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;sf] hjfkm pgLx¿n] plrt lsl;dn] kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

Pdfn]af6 ljeflht eO{ dfn] ag]sf] 8]9 jif{ k'Ug nfu]sf] 5 . kf6L{ ljefhgtfsf dfn]df h'g qmflGtsf/L efjgf b]lvPsf] lyof], Tof] qmdzM lzlyn x'“b} uPsf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 . ;'?sf lbgdf Pdfn]nfO{ cfR5'–cfR5' kfg]{ dfn] kl5Nnf lbgdf qmdzM lvO“b} uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfdlgjf{rgdf Ps :yfgdf klg ljho kfpg g;s]kl5 Pdfn]sf] dgf]an a9\b} uPsf] 5 eg] dfn]n] ;8sdf k'u]kl5 klg hghLljsfsf ;jfnnfO{ ;8s cfGbf]ngsf dfWodaf6 p7fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . …clxn] ;8s ttfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g,Ú d}gfnLn] :jLsf/ ug'{eof] . t/, /fli6«o e]nfkl5 otflt/ klg ;f]lrg] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . qmdzM jiff{b\sf] lxnf] afbn klg x6]kl5 lxp“bsf lbgdf dfn]n] cfkm\gf] ;lqmotf b]vfpg] ;Defjgf a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

Pdfn]n] dfn]sf g]tfafx]s sfo{stf{nfO{ cfkm\gf] k'/fgf] 3/ kms{g cfx\jfg u/]kl5 s]xL k|efj gb]lvPsf] xf]Og . o;nfO{ dTy/ kfg{ klg dfn] g]tfx¿n] clxn]sf] em/L afbndf ufp“ k:g'k/]sf] 5 . dfn] g]tfx¿ tNnf sld6Ldf s]xL ljrng cfP klg To;n] kf6L{nfO{ lgs} c;/ gug]{ atfp“5g\ .

t/, dfn]sf] kf]v/f e]nfkl5 eg] ljrlnt ePsf sfo{stf{nfO{ lhDd]jf/Laf6 x6fpg] / pT;fx ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ sfd lbg] p2]Zo klg /fv]sf] 5 . cfdlgjf{rgkl5 k/fhosf] kL8f ef]u]sf] dfn]sf nflu e]nfn] af6f] b]vfpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

 e'6fgLx¿n] :yfgLo hgtf lk/f]Nb} 5g\

 lji0f' ;fu/

 e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofn] g]kfnnfO{ dfq xf]Og, ljb]znfO{ klg lgs} c;/ k'¥ofp“b}5 . ljut !) jif{otf g]kfnL o'jfx¿ /f]huf/Lsf] vf]hLdf ljb]z efl;g', k"jL{ g]kfndf hg;+Vof cTolws j[l4 x'g', :yfgLo hgtf a]/f]huf/L x'g' cflb ;d:of g]kfnnfO{ 5 eg] z/0ffyL{sf nflu nQf–sk8f, cGg, :jf:Yo, lzIffIF]qdf nufgL ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o bft[;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;d:of ag]sf] jiff}{+ eO;s]sf] 5 .

xfn g]kfnsf] emfkf, df]/ª, Onfd, ;'g;/L IF]qdf g]kfnLd"nsf e'6fgLx¿ sfdsf vf]hLdf ef}+tfl/O/x]sf kfOG5g\ . o;/L sfdsf] vf]hLdf lx+8\g]x¿df z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofdf btf{ gePsf e'6fgLx¿ a9L e]l6G5g\ . ljleGg cfwf/ gk'uL SofDk ;'ljwf lngaf6 jl~rt JolQmx¿åf/f g]kfnL /f]huf/Ldf ;Lwf c;/ kf/]sf] 5 .

SofDkaf6 aflx/ lg:s]/ dhb'/L ub}{ cfPsf g/]z k|wfg eG5g\— …lzlj/df aGbLem}+ a:g'k5{ . slxn]sfxL“ df5f–df;' vfg dg nfU5, lzlj/df Tof] pknAw x'“b}g, ToxL df5f–df;' vfg, /dfOnf] ug{sf nflu vr{ t lgsfNg}k¥of] lg †Ú lzlj/aflx/ uPsf] yfxf kfP/ sf/afxL x'“b}g t < k|wfg eG5g\— …s]sf] sf/afxL ug'{ < s;nfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ < dh:tf 9]8–b'O{ ;o hgf kfn}kfnf] aflx/ hfG5f}+, sdfp5f}+ . e'6fg kms{g] cfzf sd ePsf]n] o;/L g} ?k}of“ hf]8]/ Ps–b'O{ s7\7f hUuf lng] ljrf/ 5 .Ú

latf{df]8l:yt uf]d]Gb| pRr df=lj=df ;fgf] lrofk;n ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf v'b'gfaf/L lzlj/sf OGb| e08f/L eG5g\— …;'?–;'?df ;'ljwf kfOP klg xfn tLg–rf/ hgf s]6fs]6L k9fpg, n'uf sk8f k]mg{ vr{ lzlj/n] lb+b}g, b]z kms{g] cfzf gePkl5 g]kfnd} a:g'k/] hLljsf ;fwgsf] nflu g} ug'{kl//x]sf] 5 .Ú

!(*( gf]e]Da/df 6L=Pg= l/hfn;“u} g]kfn k;]/ xfn sfnLdf6L, sf7df8f}+df lzIF0f k]zf ub}{ cfPsf l;D;L l8l:6«s 3'dfpg] e'6fgsf gjLg k|wfg eG5g\— …g]kfn ;/sf/n] z/0ffyL{nfO{ jflif{s ¿kdf dfq} ;Demg] u/]sf]n] / kms{g] cfzf klg lemgf] /x]sf]n] ha;Dd cGt/f{li6«o bafaaf6 e'6fgdf zlQm;+3if{ -hgcfGbf]ng_ x'“b}g, ta;Dd e'6fgdf k|hftGq cfp“b}g . e'6fgdf k|hftGq gcfP;Dd e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ g]kfn / bft[b]zx¿sf nflu SofG;/ alg/xg]5 . olb e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ g]kfnd} /xg] l:ylt cfof] eg] g]kfnsf] eljio cGwsf/do aG5, gful/stf ;d:of pTkGg x'g]5 . ha;Dd g]kfn–ef/t;“u bf]xf]/f] s'/f ug{ ;St}g ta;Dd e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:of srklN6Psf] lknf] alg/xg]5 .Ú

blIF0f e'6fgsf ;ft lhNnfaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L xfn} latf{df]8df u7g ul/Psf] e'6fgL l/km'hL l/k|]h]G6]l6e l/kfl6{P;g sld6L -aLcf/cf/;L_ sf cWoIf P;=aL= ;'Aaf eG5g\— …g]kfnn] e'6fgL ;/sf/;“u a/fa/ k|ltlqmof ug'{ g;Sg', s"6g}lts bafa sd x'g', nlrnf]kgf a9L b]vfpg', ef/t;“u 6Ss/ lng g;Sg' g} z/0ffyL{ lkmtf{ x'g] ;Defjgfsf gsf/FTds kIF x'g\ t/ h;/L eP klg xfdL e'6fg kms{g]5f}+ .Ú

xfn;Dd cfwfh;f] g]kfnLd"nsf e'6fgLx¿n] cf–cfkm\g} gft]bf/x¿sf] ;xof]u / cfkm\g} kxndf lzlj/aflx/ 3/–38]/L hf]l8;s]sf] atfOG5 . cfh k"jL{ g]kfndf e'6fgLx¿ st} PdaLaLP;sf af]8{ 78\ofP/ a;]sf 5g\ eg] st} tLg ;odf uf8L vnf;L ub}{ 5g\ . lbgsf] %) 7]Ssf a'emfP/ l/S;f rnfp“b} 5g\ . %) ?k}of“sf] Hofnfbf/L sfd ?= #) d} ul/lbG5g\ . e'6fgLx¿ vfg / nufpg lbP uf]7fnf]sf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{ ePkl5 g]kfnL o'jfx¿ zf/Ll/s >daf6 jl~rt 5g\ .

;+;b\ v'b|f–dl;gf s'/fdf cNe]msf] 5

;8ssf] /]vfn] g5f]Psf] lhNnf vf]6fªaf6 klxnf] k6s k|ltlglw;efdf k|j]z u/]/ b'O{ dlxgfsf] ;+;bLo cg'ej xfl;n ug'{ePsf ;Qf¿9 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;f+;b lzjs'df/ a:g]t clxn]sf] ;+;bLo ultljlwaf6 Tolt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'Gg . pxf“ ;+;bn] s]xL ug{ ;S5 eg]/ hgtfsf] Wofg s]lGb|t ug{ g;s]sf] / cem} cfzf hufpg g;s]sf] cg'ej ub{} x'g'x'G5 . ljBfyL{sfnaf6} /fhgLlt /;df kg'{ePsf o'jf ;f+;b a:g]t /fi6«sf ;fd' r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf plePsf ;d:ofx¿dfly …k|ltkIf df}g /x]sf] / ;/sf/ lqmofzLn gePsf]Ú atfpg'x'G5 . …;+;b\ v'b|f–dl;gf s'/fdf cNem]sf] 5 . hNbf–aNbf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ cf]em]nd} kfl/+b}5 . k|ltkIfn] bnLo :jfy{sf] 3]/feGbf aflx/ uP/ /fli6«o ;d:ofdf 7"nf] ax; u/fP/ lgisif{ vf]Hg dg b]vfPsf] 5}g eg] ;QfkIfn] To;df /fd|f] e"ldsf b]vfpg ;s]sf] 5}g,Ú cfkm\gf] b'O{dlxg] ;+;bLo cEof; ;'gfp“b} ;f+;b a:g]tn] eGg'eof] .

a:g]t @)#$ ;fnb]lv g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3df nfUg'ePsf] / hgcfGbf]ngsf a]nf sf+u|];sf] ;lqmo /fhgLltdf x'g'x'GYof] . vf]6fª lhNnf sf+u|];sf] ;efklt;d]t /xg'ePsf a:t]tn] Pdfn]sf] ks8df /x“b} cfPsf] vf]6fªdf klxnf] k6s sf+u|];nfO{ ljhoL u/fpg ;kmn x'g'ePsf] lyof] . rfn" clwj]zgaf6} klxnf] k6s k|ltlglw;efdf k|j]z ug{'ePsf ;f+;b a:g]t v/f] af]Ng] JolQmdf ¿kdf kl/lrt x'g'x'G5 . ;fKtflxssf nflu xl/axfb'/ yfkf;“u s'/fsfgL ub{} ;Qf¿9 ;f+;b a:g]tn] ;QfkIf / k|ltkIf b'j} …tkl;nÚ sf s'/fdf cNem]sf] klxnf] ;+;bLo cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] .

;fKtflxs M klxnf] k6s ljhoL ag]/ b'O{ dlxgf nfdf] ;+;bLo cEof;df latfO;Sg'ePsf] 5, oxf“n] b'O{ dlxgfsf] cjlwsf] ;+;bLo cEof;af6 s:tf] cg'ej ub{} x'g'x'G5 <

a:g]t M ca b'O{ dlxgf ;+;bsf] ultljlwn] dflg;x¿sf] cfzfnfO{ w]/} hufpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;QfkIfsf dGqLx¿ ;+;bdf p7]sf s'/fx¿sf] ;+j]bgzLn eP/ hjfkm lbO/x]sf 5}gg\ . dGqLx¿sf] hjfkm gcfpgfn] sltko ;d:ofn] lgsf; kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;df ;QfkIfsf ;f+;bx¿s} u'gf;f 5g\ . r'gfjsf a]nf hgtfn] ;+;b\ clwj]zg rln;s]kl5 h]–hlt ljs[lt, lj;+ult 5g\, ltgnfO{ x6fP/ /fi6« gof“ lgdf{0fsf] lbzftkm{ cufl8 a9\5 / gof“ kl/l:ylt pTkGg x'G5 7"nf] cfzf lyP . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf hgk|ltlglwaf6 ljutsf uNtLx¿ bf]xf]l/“b}g / xfd|f nflu /fd|f] sfd x'G5 eGg] cfzfsf ;fy dtbfg u/]sf lyP . t/ Tof] cfsf+Iffcg'¿k xfd|f ;+;bLo / ;/sf/ b'j}sf] sfd–sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . To;df ;QfkIfn] ;s]sf] 5}g / k|ltkIfn] /fd|f] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . k|ltkIfsf w]/} e"ldsfx¿ ;+;bnfO{ ;xof]u / alnof] agfpg] lsl;dsf /x]sf 5}gg\, vfln b]vfpgsf lgldQ bf]xf]/f] Jojxf/ k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . To;f] ePsf] x'gfn] ;fgf]–ltgf] s'/fdf ;+;b :yug ug{] s'/fb]lv lnP/ /f]i6«d 3]g{] k/Dk/f le¥ofPsf 5g\ .

;fKtflxs M k|ltkIfn] uPsf] lgjf{rgdf ePsf] wf“wnLsf] 5fglag ug{sf nflu /fv]sf] c8fg hfoh xf]Og / <

a:g]t M pgLx¿n] h] s'/fnfO{ p7fPsf 5g\, Tof] unt 5 . Tof] p7fpg gx'g] ljifo p7fPsf x'g\ . lgjf{rgsf qmddf ;fgfltgf 36gf 36] xf]nfg\, t/ ;du| lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdfly k|Zg p7fpg' hfoh xf]Og . To;dfly uPsf] lgjf{rgdf dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf sf/0f lgjf{rg g} x'g g;Sg] cfz+sf lyof] . t/ To:tf] kl/l:yltsf a]nfdf klg /fd|f];“u lgjf{rg ePsf] 5 . To;nfO{ ;f/f /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o If]qn] 7"nf] P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . To:tf] lgjf{rgdfly pgLx¿n] k|Zg p7fpg' ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ cl:y/tftkm{ ws]Ng] lgot b]lvG5 . pgLx¿sf] cg'lrt sfd xf] . o;n] Pdfn]sf] sfd–sf/afxL / Jojxf/dfly k|Zg p7fp“5 / o;n] cGttM Pdfn]nfO{ 3f6f k'¥ofp“5 .

;fKtflxs M k|ltkIfn] of] ljifonfO{ p7fpg} x'“b}gYof] t <

a:g]t M k|ltkIf To;df klg Pdfn]n] of] ljifo p7fpg] a]nf of] xf]Og / p7fpg] ljifo klg xf]Og . uPsf] lgjf{rgdf wf“wnL xf];\ jf lgikIf, To;df Pdfn]sf] klg e"ldsf 5 / To;df pgLx¿n] a/fa/L lx:;]bf/L lng'k5{ . Pdfn]n] uPsf] lgjf{rgdf lhDd]jf/L glng' eg]sf] pgLx¿sf] u}/lhDd]jf/ k|j[lQ xf] . kl/0ffd k|lts"n cfpg]lalQs} ljrf/ / ultljlw g} km/s cfpg' pgLx¿sf] bf]wf/] rl/q ePsf] k'li6 u5{ . clxn] o;df b]vfPsf] bf]wf/] rl/qn] Pdfn]leq kl5 x'g] sfddf ;d]t ljZjf;sf] ;+s6 pTkGg u/fp“5 .

;fKtflxs M pgLx¿n] ;+;bLo ;ldlt u7gsf nflu c8fg /fVg'sf] klg t sf/0f xf]nf, pgLx¿sf] c8fgsf ljZn]if0f ug'{ePsf] 5 <

a:g]t M of] ljifo p7fpg' dgf]j}1flgs cft+s xf] . dnfO{ nfU5, g]kfnL sf+u|];;“u afu{]lgª ug]{ s'/f xf]nfg\ . tL s'/fx¿ d eGg rfxGg“ . cf}lrTo g/x]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ /f]i6«d 3]g'{, dfOs km'6fpg', ;+;bnfO{ ult/f]w pTkGg ug'{n] kbf{leq v]lng] jfu{]lgªafx]s c¿ x'g ;Sb}g, rfx] Tof] kf6L{leqsf] cfGtl/s lv+rftfgL xf];\ of ;/sf/;“u ul/g] afu{]lgª xf];\ . xfdLn] Pdfn]leqsf] cfGtl/s lvrnf] / v6k6sf] b"/LnfO{ sd ug{sf nflu ljifofGt/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] ls ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5f}+ .

;fKtflxs M ;+;b rn]sf] b'O{ dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg ;QfkIfsf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L gb]lvg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

a:g]t M xfd|f] ;QfkIfsf] a]~r g]t[TjljxLg 5 . lsgeg] sf] dfG5]n] af]Ng], sNn] gaf]Ng], s] ljifodf af]Ng], s;/L af]Ng] eGg] s'g} klg ljifodf ;dGjo x'“b}}g . To;dfly ;QfkIfdf ax';+Vos ;f+;b klxnf] k6s lgjf{lrt eP/ cfPsfx¿ 5g\ . g]t[Tjtxn] ;dGjo ug{] rf;f] gb]vfPsfn] cGof}nsf] cj:yfaf6 ;QfkIfsf ;f+;bx¿ u'lh|/x]sf 5f}+ . g]tfx¿, k|d'v ;r]ts, ;r]tsn] cfh o:tf] ljifo p7fpg], o;/L k|:t't x'g], of] tof/L ug{] eg]/ 5nkmn / ;dGjo u/fpg'kg{], Tof] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . bnsf] ljifo ;ldltx¿ aGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . xfdLn] ;+;b\df …JolQmut e"ldsfÚ lgjf{x ul//x]sf 5f}+, xfd|f] e"ldsfnfO{ kf6L{ut agfpg ;s]sf 5}gf+} . ToxL sf/0faf6 klg xfd|f] e"ldsf /fd|f] b]lvg g;s]sf] xf] . To;df ;QfkIf :jefjtM zfnLg x'g}k5{, ;+;b\ rnfpgsf nflu k|ltkIfsf] cfqmd0fnfO{ ;xg}k5{ . ;QfkIf pQ]lht x'g yfNof] eg] ;+;b\ rnfpg cK7\of/f];d]t kg{] ePsfn] b[Zodf ;QfkIf cln sdhf]/ ePsf] xf] ls eGg] b]lvPsf] dfq xf] . ;/sf/ xfd|f] ePsfn] xfdL cln lgliqmo vfnsf] x'g}k5{ eg] pgLx¿sf] e"ldsf cfqmfds x'g' :jfefljs xf] . ;+;bLo Jojxf/df k|efjsf/L gb]lvP klg ;QfkIf sdhf]/ eg] 5}g .

;fKtflxs M sf+u|];df ;dGjo x'g g;Sg' kf6L{leqsf] vrkr xf] ls <

a:g]t M kf6L{leqsf] vrkreGbf klg ;+;b\df ;dGjo ug{] JolQmx¿ lgo'Qm ubf{ Ifdtf, bIftf vf]Hg'sf] ;§f JolQmut cfu|x / k"jf{u|xn] lgo'Qm ugf{n] ;du|df k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . kf6L{leq clxn] vrkrsf] l:ylt t b]lv+b}g .

;fKtflxs M ;+;b\df /fi6«sf hNbfaNbf ;d:ofx¿ p7\g ;s]sf] 5 h:tf] nfU5 ls nfUb}g <

a:g]t M tL ljifox¿ /fd|f];“u p7\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ / To;df ;+;bsf] Psfu|tf klg b]lv+b}g . k|ltkIfdf klg ;fgf s'/fnfO{ hf]8bf/ ¿kdf p7fpg] / 7"nf ;d:ofnfO{ xNsf kf/fdf p7fpg] k|j[lQ 5 . Oltxf;df kmnfgf] ljifodf kmnfgfn] klg af]n]sf] lyof] eGg] /]s8{ u/fpgsf nflu dfq} pgLx¿ af]Nb}5g\ . /sddf ;fgf] tYof+s uNtL x'“bf ;bg :ylut;Dd eof], t/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] kf;ljs ¿kdf xTof ul//x]sf], o;}sf] kmfObf p7fP/ k|hftGqlj/f]wL zlQmx¿ rndnfpg yfn]sf] a]nfdf k|ltkIf df}g 5 eg] ;/sf/ lqmofzLn 5}g . To;f] ePsf] x'gfn] /fli6«o ;d:ofx¿ cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\ . k|ltkIfaf6 dGqLn] dfkmL dfUg'k¥of], kmnfgf] a'ydf kmnfgf]n] wf“wnL u¥of] h:tf v'b|f dl;gf s'/fd} ;+;bnfO{ cNemfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 .

;fKtflxs M ;/sf/n] …xlgd"g 8]hÚ kf/ ug{ nfUb}5, ;/sf/sf] sfd–sf/afxLnfO{ s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <

a:g]t M ;/sf/ sfd ub{}5 . k|wfgdGqLHo"n] g} ;o lbg gk'uL l6Kk0fL gug'{;\ eGg'ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] sfd Psbd /fd|f] u/]sf] 5 eGg ;Sg] cj:yf klg 5}g / g/fd|f] sfd u/]sf] 5 eg]/ vf]6 nufpg] cj:yf klg 5}g . t/ h'g ;+s]t b]lvg'kYof{], Tof] ;+s]trflx+ kfOPsf] 5}g . ;+;bdf e|i6frf/sf s'/f p7]sf 5g\, To;}sf sf/0f y'k|} ljs[lt / lj;+ultx¿ pTkGg ePsf 5g\, t/ To;sf] h8 vf]Hg] sfd cem ePsf] 5}g . xfdLn] hgtfnfO{ s]xL g s]xL ;Gb]z lbgsf nflu k|lta4tf k|bz{g ug'{kg{] cfjZostf 5, Tof] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To:tf w]/} s'/f x'g af“sL 5 .

;fKtflxs M tkfO{+ lhNnfaf6 y'k|} ;d:ofx¿ af]s]/ cfpg'ePsf] xf]nf, ;/sf/n] tL ;d:ofsf] ;'g'jfO{ ul//x]sf] 5 <

a:g]t M ;/sf/af6 ah]6, y'k|} sfo{qmd / gLltx¿ cfPsf 5g\, t/ To;n] ;du| /fi6«nfO{ ;d]6\g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . xfdLn] af/Daf/ hgtfnfO{ lbP/ cfPsf] cfZjf;g k"/f u/fpg ;/sf/nfO{ bafa lbO/x]sf 5f}+ . t/ dGqLx¿n] ah]6 / sfo{qmdx¿hlt cfkm\gf If]qd} n}hfg] k'/fgf] dfgl;stf cem} uPsf] 5}g . lhNnfnfO{ ;8ssf] /]vfn] g5f]Psf] x'gfn] ;8s xfd|f] klxnf] dfu xf] . t/ To;sf nflu a]nfot ;/sf/n] ;8s agfOlbg] cfzf b]vfPsf] 5 .