hgcfGbf]ng lbj;sf] dd{

cfh r}t @$ ut]sf] g]kfnL hghLjgdf 7"nf] dxŒj 5 . /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf nflu g]kfnL hgtfn] u/]sf] nfdf] ;+3if{sf] r/df]Tsif{ lyof] r}t @$, @)$^ ;fnsf] lbg . pQm lbg g]kfnL hgtfn] k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu h'g ;fx; / w}o{sf ;fy cfkm\gf] ;+3if{nfO{ pTsif{tkm{ 8f]¥ofPsf lyP To;}sf] k|ltkmn:j?k @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] cfkm\gf] nIo k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . hgtfsf] Tof] cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfn] clxn] Ps bzseGbf a9L ;do JotLt ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf g]kfnL hgtfn] ax'bnLo k|hftGq / o;sf ;a}h;f] u'0f–cju'0fx?nfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNb} cfkm"nfO{ dfgjflwsf/ / k|hftGqsf] af6f]df lg/Gt/ 8f]¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ o;} cjlwdf xfd|f /fhg}lts bnx? / ltgsf g]t[Tjk+lQmn] a]nfavtdf h]h:tf] ckl/kSjtf / csd{0otf b]vfp"b} cfPsf 5g\ To;n] /fhg}lts bnx?sf] k|hftGqk|ltsf] lgi7fnfO{ klg ;Gb]xsf] 3]/fdf gNofPsf] xf]Og . t/ klg hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t :jtGqtfdfly k|xf/ ug]{ ;a} lsl;dsf b'ik|j[lQlj?4 xfd|f /fhg}lts bnx? Ps l9Ssf /x"b} cfPsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] s]xL jif{b]lv d'n'sdf b]vf k/]sf] cft+sjfbsf sf/0f clxn] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;a} pknlAwx? vf]l;g] xf] ls eGg] qf; klg g]kfnL hgtfdf JofKt 5 .

clxn] k|hftGqn] pknAw u/fPsf cj;/x?sf] b'?kof]u ub}{ pu|jfdkGyL ;d"xn] d'n'sdf lx+;f / c/fhstfsf] h'g hfnf] km}nfPsf] 5 To;df l9nf]–rf"8f] ;a} g]kfnLx? kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgfx? ljsl;t x'"b} uPsf 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltsf nflu lgZro klg lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngnfO{ ult lbg] tŒjx? dfq lhDd]jf/ geO{ d'n'sdf zf;g ug]{ hgfb]z kfPsf /fhg}lts bnx? / To;sf g]t[Tjk+lQm klg lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . ljz]if u/L g]kfnL sf+u]|; / o;sf] g]t[Tjk+lQm d'n'sdf kl5Nnf] s]xL jif{b]lv b]vf k/]sf] c/fhs l:yltsf nflu a9L lhDd]bf/ 5 . ;Qf;+3if{, s';L{sf] df]x / d g} g]tf x'g'kb{5 eGg] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]xL g]tfx?sf] dgf]ut :jefjsf sf/0f clxn] d'n'sdf o:tf] eofjx l:yltn] hGd lnPsf] xf] . lgZro klg g]kfnL sf+u|];leq /x]sf] s]xL :jfyL{ tŒjsf] o:tf] ;Qfdf]xn] sfnfGt/df Oltxf;sf] s73/fdf pleg'kg]{ g} 5 . t/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] gLltut c;kmntfsf sf/0f d'n'sn] slxn];Dd c/fhstfsf] l:ylt ef]lu/xg] < of] k|Zgsf] hjfkm g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lbg] ;do cfO;s]sf] 5 .

ljqmd ;+jt\ @)$^ ;fndf cfhs} lbg cfdhgtfaLr k|hftGqk|lt h'g df]x pn{+bf] l:yltdf b]vf k/]sf] lyof] To;n] lgZro klg d'n'sdf k|hftGq / dfgjflwsf/sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf ;fy;fy} cfdhgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf;]/ g]kfnnfO{ cfly{s ?kdf ;'b[9 / ;DkGg agfpg] clenfiff af]s]sf] lyof] . t/ o;} cjlwdf g]kfnsf /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ckl/kSjtf / lbzfxLgtfsf sf/0f h'g cGof}n b]vfk/]sf] 5 To;nfO{ k|hftGqsf] ljkmntfsf ?kdf JofVof ug]{x?n] k|hftGqsf] ljsNk ;f]r]sf 5g\ eg] Tof] d"v{tf dfq x'g]5 . cfhsf] g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ug]{x?sf] hdft lxhf]eGbf lgs} al9;s]sf] 5 . of] s'g} lx+;f / k|ltufdL sbdaf6 ljrlnt x'g] cj:yfdf klg 5}g . r}t @$ sf] cy{ g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;fdflhs Gofo / cfly{s ;dfgtfsf] af6f]df sf]xL klg 5'6\g' x'Gg eGg] klg xf] . d'n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|ultsf nflu sfd ug]{ bfjf ul//x]sf ;a} kIfn] s] a'em\g'kb{5 eg] hgdtsf] ckx]ngf u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] h'g;'s} k|of; c/fhstftkm{sf] ofqf dfq x'g]5 .

d';'Ss xf":bf vfN8f] k¥of] Hofg ltd|f] ufn}df

bLks/fh kf08]n] ufPsf] of] g]kfnL uLtsf] Ps k+lQm xf]— Ps nf]slk|o uLtsf] . cfw'lgs uLt xf] ls nf]suLt xf] d :ki6 5}g, t/ k+lQm b'j}lt/sf] no ePsf] b]lvG5 . yfxf gkfpg]n] of] k+lQmsf] dfq lg/LIf0f / >j0f u/]/ oxL xf] eg]/ 7Dofpg ;Sb}g . of] u]ofTds c+znfO{ zLif{s agfpg'sf] tfTko{ xf]— b'O{–tLg dlxgf otfb]lv rf/–kf"rj6L l76L / Ps–b'O6f l76fx?sf] ufnfdf xf":bf vfN8f] k/]sf] d}n] b]v]+ . tL vfN8fx?sf] k|efj ddfly c;fdfGo /x]sf] x'gfn] Toxf"leqsf] ;f}Gbo{ / ;Defjgfsf ;DaGwdf d cfh n]vgL rnfpg afWo ePsf] cg'ej ul//x]5' . To;dfly cr]n nueu ;w}+ ;'lgg] cln cft+s, cln ljb|f]xn] ldl;Psf] kbfjln xf] M cfh klg ljkIfL ;f+;bx?n] ;+;b\sf] sf/afxL cj?4 ug{ ;efd'vsf] ;fd'Gg]sf] a]n 3]/]/ lj/f]w u/] .

d}n] cfhsf ldlt;Dd slxn] klg ;+;b\ ejgsf] leqL cfsf/, ?k / ultljlw gx]/]sf] x'gfn] c+u|]hL zAb a]nsf] cy{ s'jf nufP" . s'jfsf] pRrf/0f ugf{;fy vfN8f] :jtM k|ltWjlgt eP/ cfp"b5 . ut krf; jif{leqsf k|hftflGqs / u}/–k|hftflGqs g]kfnsf ljlwlgdf{tfx?sf lqmofsnfkx? cjnf]sg ug]{ cj;/ gkfPsf] cyjf Toxf" hfg] tLj| OR5f gePsf] x'gfn] d}n] Tof] vfN8f], Tof] a]n g]kfndf cg'e"t ug{ kfPsf] 5}g, g t ef/tdf g} kfPsf] x'" . ljz'4 cg'dfg / c1fgtfdf d}n] cg'jfb u/]sf] zAb xf] vfN8f] .

sf7df8f}+ pkTosf cfkm}+ Pp6f vfN8f] xf] . Ps xKtfcl3 s'g} Ps /ftsf] clGtd k|x/df d}n] Ps eofgs :jKg b]v]+ . ;fob o:tf] :jKgnfO{ gfO6ld// b'M:jKg eGb5g\ . :jKg b]Vbfb]Vb} kl;gf cfp"b5, b'M:jKgdf g;fx? tlGsG5g\, Ps 8/nfUbf] ;}tfg, /fIf; Psflt/ d'v afP/ plePsf] x'G5, csf{lt/ c6n ulx/f], h:t} uf]tfvf]/n] klg kf/ ug{ g;Sg] ;d'b| x'G5 . eo+s/l;t d cQflnG5', lgb|f v'N5 . cfwf 306f;Dd :gfo'x? lzlyn x'G5g\ .

c+u|]hL pvfgdf o;}nfO{ …lj6\o'g l;Nnf of08 r]l/al8;Ú eGb5g\ e'Qmef]uLx? . kl5 dgg ubf{ stf–stf nfUof] ls d]/f] :jKg st} d]/f] b]zsf] b'b{zfsf] k|tLsfTds ;+s]t t xf]Og < ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] s]Gb| sf7df8f}+ ePsf] x'gfn] sf7df8f}+ vfN8f]sf] 3gLe"t uf]ndfnsf] ;Gb]z t xf]Og <

g]kfn lbg–k|ltlbg vfN8f]df vl;/x]5 eGg] cg'ej oxf"sf gful/s / u|fdL0fx? ul//x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o rl/qdf w]/} vfN8fx?, ;lhn}l;t gk'l/g] vfN8fx? cfO;s]sf 5g\ . ;'lgtf kGt / ozf]bf >]i7n] ljl§l;Hd, tLI0f xf:oJoª\Uosf] cfefif lbg] af]nL af]n] Ps ;f"em dl;t . tL af]nLx?sf] sYo ToxL lyof] hf] d}n] dfly eg]+ .

;+of]ujz tL b'j} o'jtLx? vfN8f] k/]sL lyOg\ cyf{t\ clnslt d':s'/fx6df klg tL b'j}sf] ufnfdf vfN8f] kl/xfNYof] . d]/f] zLif{s uLt k"/} ;Demgf /x]5 ;'lgtfnfO{ . pgLl;t no t ozf]bfn] klg ldnfPsL lyOg\, t/ k"/f uLt pgnfO{ ;Demgf /x]g5 . b'j} k|km'Nn lrQbzf kfPsf o'jtLx? lyP, ;flxlTos ;+j]bgfn] dl08t lyof] ltgLx?sf] cfGtl/s / afx\o JolQmTj .

g]kfndf hLjgk|lt ulx/f] / snfTds b[li6 ePsf k'?ifx? t w]/} sd kfOG5g\ eg], dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof slt ;fgf] xf]nf eg]/ sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ tL o'jtLx?sf] af}l4s / zf/Ll/s cfefaf6 d lgs} k|efljt ePsf] 5' . 7§fn' / uxg, v'nf / sNkgfzLn g]kfnL lzlIft gf/Lx?sf] clt ;fgf] ;+Vofleq ltgLx? kb{5g\ .

g]kfndf a9\b} uPsf g}lts vfN8fx?k|lt tL o'jtLx? cToGt} lrlGtt / uDeL/ lyP .

t/ Psl5g kl5 vfN8f] kg]{ u/L qmdzM d':s'/fpg / xf":gdf klg TolQs} ;Ifd lyP . labf x'g] a]nfdf ;'lgtfn] …d';'Ss xf":bf vfN8f] k¥of] dfof ltd|f] ufn}dfÚ af]nsf] uLt ufOg\ . jf:tjdf d}n] Ps k|sf/sf] r'gf}tLh:tf] 7fg]+ . ufpg'kg]{ t d}n] lyof] . labfOsf] a]nfsf] e"ldsfljk/Lt 5fk, /f]nl/e;{ndf ;dfKt eof] . /f]nl/e;{n slxn] kL8fbfoL x'G5, slxn] ld7f; lnP/ cfPsf] x''G5 . Tof] lbg ld7f;k"0f{ lyof] .

w]/} o'jfo'jtLx? e]l6P hxf" vfN8fx? ltgLx?sf] ;f}Gbo{df c? a9L ;d[l4 ylk/x]sf b]lvGy] . d';'Ss xf":bf vfN8f] kg]{ o'jfo'jtLx?dWo] w]/}sf] gfd lal;{;s]+, s]xL dfq ;Demgfdf 5g\ . bLks/fh kf08], gf/fo0f >]i7, ;'ud kf]v/]n, lzj;'Gb/ cflb ;u/dfyf vfN8f]df sfd ug]{ o'jsx? klg pgLx?sf] ufnfdf d';'Ss xf":bf vfN8f] kg]{ ePb]lv s:tf] dhf cfp"Yof] eGb5g\ . o'jsx?n] nfdf] skfn kfNg], d'Gb|L nufpg], kfp8/ kf]Tg] sfdgfh:t} Ps :q}0f jf;gf xf] Tof] klg . cfkm\gf] :jefj / lg;u{sf] pN6f] hfg] a]r}gL xf] . dxfslj sflnbf;n] xf":bf vfN8f] kg]{ gf/Lx?sf] skf]nsf] d'Qms07n] aofg u/]sf 5g\ .

;fob oL s]6fx? cfkm\gf] vfN8f]df w]/} sfd u/]sf x'gfn] vfN8f]k|lt olt ;fx«} cfslif{t ePsf x'g'kb{5 . c?sf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+, k|sfz ;fodL hf] vfN8f]n] zf]ef lbg] pd]/af6 tLj| ultdf labf x'"b}5g\ cfkm\gf] ufnfdf d';'Ss xf":bf 8f]a kg]{ eP s:tf] /fd|f] x'GYof] xf]nf eg]/ sNkgf ub{5g\ / o:tf] 8f]a pgsf] hLjgsf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ t[i0ff /xg]5 . ;u/dfyfdf sfd ug]{ o'jtLx? o'jtLx? pj{zL, b'uf{, tf/fb]lv lnP/ c? ;a} clt lzi6, ljgd|, ;Ifd b]lvG5g\ . tL o'jsx? hlt g} of]Uo b]lvG5g\ tLdWo] s'g}–s'g}sf skf]nx?df xf":bf vfN8f] k5{ h:tf] nfU5 . ltgLx?df cfkm\gf] ;f}Gbo{ / sf}znsf] cledfg 5}g .

;+;f/sf w]/}h;f] o'jsx? cln pQfpnf vfnsf x'G5g\ eg] ;+;f/sf w]/}h;f] o'jtLx? zfnLg / nhfn' x'G5g\ . t/ ;u/dfyfdf sfd ug]{ o'jsx? eg] pQfpnf x'g'af6 cem} af"lr/x]sf 5g\ . d';'Ss xf":bf vfN8f] k¥of] eGbf k'?ifsf] ljDa ;fd'Gg] cfp"b}g, gf/LljDa g} xfd|f] dl:tisdf cfp"b5 . t/ b}lgs sfd ubf{ub}}{ dgf]j}1flgs ?kfGt/0fsf] ;Defjgf eg] 5"b}5 .

s]xL dlxgfcl3 k'tnL;8ssf] clt k|of]udf cfpg] ;8s eJo wg/flz vr{ u/]/ dd{t ul/Psf] lyof] . dd{t ePsf] Ps xKtfleq g} To;df w]/} vfN8fx? w]/} k/] . tL vfN8fx? :ki6 ;Gb]z lbO/x]sf lyP ls ltgLx? of] b]zsf clwsf+z ;~rfnsx?sf k|hftGqk|lt k|]dsf kl/0ffdx? lyPgg\, ltgLx?sf] g}lts ktgsf HjnGt k|tLsx? lyP, g}lts cGwsf/af6 lgl:sPsf vfN8fx? lyP .

b]z lbg–k|ltlbg vfN8fx?df efl;+b}5, e|i6 / rf]/x? 3"; lngdf Jo:t 5g\ . hlt a9L e|i6frf/ ug{df ;kmn x'"b} hfG5g\ Tolt g} ltgLx? eGg rfxG5g\ kTgLOt/x? dfofn'x?l;t— …d';'Ss xf":bf vfN8f] k¥of] dfof ltd|f] ufn}dfÚ . ltgLx?s} s/t't:j?k b]z kftfnlt/ uO/x]sf] 5 t/ ltgLx? ;+j]bgxLg 5g\ .

of] hut\ åGåfTds ultdf rln/x]sf] x'G5 . hLjg / d[To', k|sfz / cGwsf/, cfsfz, k[YjL, ;'v / b'Mv, g/ / gf/L cflb ljk/Ltx?sf] gfd xf] ;+;f/ . oxf" vfN8fx? 5g\, ;dtnx?, d}bfgx? 5g\, kj{tx? 5g\, e|i6frf/ / Odfgbf/L 5g\, b'i6tf / ;Hhgtf 5g\ / 5g\ d':s'/fx6 / pbf;Lx? . pQm uLtsf ufos bLks/fh kf08] cfgGbk"0f{ dgl:yltdf 5 eg] p;sL k|]ldsf ;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf 5 . h] eP klg pm k|tLIff/t 5 cfkm\gf] k|]dLsf] Ozf/f jf zAb ;'Gg . vfN8f]sf] cfkm\g} ljlzi6tf 5 k|]dLsf nflu .

uLtsf] gfossf] k|ltlqmof ;+;f/sf ;a} efjzLn k|]dLx?sf] cfjfh xf] . gfossL k|]ldsf d';'Ss xf":bf pgsf] ufnfdf vfN8f] k¥of], g]kfnsf e|i6x?n] 3"; vf"bf, t:s/x?n] t:s/L ubf{, Jofkf/Lx?n] a]OdfgL ubf{ ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] ufnfdf pQ/f]Q/ ulx/f] vfN8f] kl//x]sf] 5 . Pp6f vfN8f]n] cfgGb lbG5, csf]{ vfN8f]n] b'Mv / ljklQ Nofp"5 .

d';'Ss xf":bf vfN8f] k¥of] d]l/gf ltd|f] ufn}df

;'6'Ss rf]bf{ vfN8f] k¥of] b]zsf] 9's'6Ldf .

snfsf/x¿nfO{ ef}uf]lns l;dfgfdf af"Wg' x'"b}g

;fKtflxs M ev{/} /fhfaf6 uf]vf{ blIf0fafx' kfpg'eof] s:tf] dx;'; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <

plbtgf/fo0f emf M Psbd} v';L nfu]sf] 5 . h;sf] j0f{g ug}{ ;lSbg . uf]vf{ blIf0f afx' kfPkl5 g]kfndf d}n] s]xL ug'{k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . of] d}n] g]kfnL ;+uLtk|lt u/]sf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sg xf] h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 .

;fKtflxs M of] kbs t tkfO{+n] w]/}cl3 kfpg'kg]{ xf]Og / <

plbtgf/fo0f M d}n] cfkm\g} d'vn] eGbf s:tf] x'G5 s'lGg < t/ dnfO{ klg tkfO{+n] eg]sf] s'/f g} ;xL nfUb5 . d}n] kGw| jif{ /]l8of] g]kfndf ;+uLtsf] ;]jf u/]+ . To;afx]s d aDaO{ uP klg g]kfnL uLt ufO/x]s} 5'=============ef] o;af/] yk s'/f gu/f}+

;fKtflxs M l9nf] lbOof] eGg] tkfO{+sf] u'gf;f] xf] <

plbt M ca u'gf;f] /x]g . /fhfsf] xftaf6 kbs kfP", of] d]/f nflu w]/} v';Lsf] s'/f xf] . s'g} klg s'/fdf xtf/ ug'{x'"bf] /x]g5, ;do cfPkl5 ;a}yf]s cfkm} kfO"bf] /x]5 .

;fKtflxs M ;kmntfsf] of] ljGb'df k'u]/ cfkm\gf k'/fgf lbg ;Dembf s:tf] nfUb5 <

plbt M crDd nfU5 . d Tof] dflg; g} xf]Og ls h:tf] nfUb5 . sxf" ef/bxsf] dfG5] sf]zLdf kf}8L v]Ng], gf+u} s'b\g], /fd|f];"u vfg klg gkfpg] plbTof / sx"f k|l;4 ufos plbtgf/fo0f tkfO{+ sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg .

;fKtflxs M s] tkfO{+ klg TolQ ul/a / vfg} gk'Ug] x'g'x'GYof] t <

plbt M d]/f a'afn] eg]cg';f/ h'g 7fp"df clxn] sf]zL alu/x]sf] 5, ToxL 7fp"df xh'/a'jfn] agfPsf] sf7sf] Pp6f 7"nf] 3/ lyof] . xfdL ef/bxsf hldGbf/ lyof+} . xh'/a'jf b]jgf/fo0f emf /fd|f] ufos klg x'g'x'GYof], d}ynL ufos . /f0ffsf] kfnfdf xh'/a'afn] alS;; klg kfpg'ePsf] lyof] . xh'/a'afn] ufPsf] uLtsf] ;+ufnf]] ev{/} d}n] lgsfn+], em'Dsf b] 7'Dsf . eGg'sf] cy{ s] eg] xfdL ul/a lyPgf}+ a? klxn]b]lv g} :ff+uLlts jftfj/0f lyof] xfd|f] 3/df .

;fKtflxs M km]l/ lsg d ul/a lyP", hLjgdf w]/} b'v kfP" eg]/ ;xfg'e"lt vf]Hg'x'G5 <

plbt M h'g s'/f u/] Tof] xh'/a'jfsf] kfnfsf] lyof] . d]/f xh'/a'jfn] agfPsf] 3/ Tox"f lyof] hx"f clxn] sf]zL alu/x]sf] 5, 5]p5fp xf]Og k"/} aLrdf . xh'/a'af v:g'ePkl5 sf]zLdf 7"nf] af9L cfof] . klxn] sf]zL cfhef]lnsf] ef/bxlt/ aUbYof] /] . sf]zLn] 7fp" 5f]8]/ k"j{lt/ hfg yfNof] dflg;x? efufefu ug{yfn] . a'jfx? klg 3/ 5f]8]/ efUg'eP5 . kl5 cfP/ x]bf{ xfd|f] 3/ hldGbf/L ;a} sf]zLdf . To;kl5 xfd|f] Ps s7\7f hUuf klg ar]g . xfdL /ftf/ft ul/a eof}+ .

;fKtflxs M tkfO{+x? slt hgf bfh'efO <

plbt M xfdL rf/hgf . deGbf dfly b'O{hgf bfh' 5g\ . Pshgf efO 5 .

;fKtflxs M clxn] ;a}hgf aDaO{df x'g'x'G5 ls oxL+ x'g'x'G5 <

plbt M b'O{ bfh'x? clxn] klg ef/bxd} v]tL ug'{x'G5 . efO sf7df8f}df hflu/] 5 . t/ pm klg a]nfa]nfdf 3/ uO/xG5 .

;fKtflxs M ca cfdfa'jfnfO{ aDaO{df nu]/ /fVg'kg]{ xf]Og / <

plbt M dfGg'x'Gg . Ps–b'O{k6s aDaO{ uP/ a:g'eof] t/ Toxf" a:g} dg nfUb}g eGg'x'G5 . pxf"x?nfO{ ufp"3/ tyf v]tLkftL g} dg kb{5 . ToxL sf]zLsf] tL/ g} dg kb{5 .

;fKtflxs M tkfO{ sf7df8f}+ cfPsf] avt klg 3/ hfg'x'Gg, plbtn] ufp"nfO{ dfof df¥of] eG5g\ lg <

plbt M dfof s;/L dfg{ ;S5' < Toxf"sf] r6k6], d'/L, d]nf, sf]zLsf] gbL of] klg la;{g ;Sg] s'/f xf] / < cfdfa'jf, bfh'x? ufp"n] ;fyLefO, gft]bf/ ;a} ToxL+ 5g\, a? dnfO{ b'Mv nfU5, d w]/} Jofj;flos eP" . ef/bx hfg Eofp"lbg . ca o;} k6ssf] s'/f ug'{xf];\ d sf7df8f}+ cfP" t/ 3/ hfg kfOg . lsgeg] b'aO{df d]/f] sfo{qmd 5, 3/ uof] eg] xhf/f}+n] a's u/]sf] l6s6 SoflG;n ug'{k5{ . 3/ t d uOxfN5' t/ d]/f km\ofgx?nfO{ s;/L lg/fz kfg{ ;S5' <

;fKtflxs M tkfO{+nfO{ sf]zLdf kf}8L v]Nf]sf] ;Demgf 5 <

plbt M v]n]sf] t s] s'/f 8'a]sf] klg ;Demgf 5 . d tLgk6s 8'a]sf] 5', eujfg\sf] s[kfn] s;}n] arfOlbof] tLg}k6s . s] x'GYof] eg] ;a} kf}8L v]Ny], d ;f]Ry+], d klg v]Ng ;S5' / kfgLdf xfdkmflnxfNy]+ . clg t kfgL klg vfOxfNy]+ . s;}n] arfp"bYof] . d dfq} lsg, 8'Ag] 36gf t Toxf"sf nflu ;fwf/0f xf] . slt t dl/xfNy], dnfO{ eujfg\n] arfP, ;fob olt w]/} dfof kfpg'/x]5 .

;fKtflxs M b'3{6gfdf klg kg'{ePsf] 5 <

plbt M 7"nf]df t xf]Og ;fgf] 5"bf ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] lyP" . eof] s] eg] s'gf}nLaf6 a;df 3/ cfp"b} lyP", uf8L t Psbd pQfgf] k¥of] . d a]xf]; eP", c? slt t d/]5g\, t/ d Toxf" klg a"fr] .

;fKtflxs M k9fO s:tf] lyof] <

plbt M km\ofS6 eg'" < d k9fOdf /fd|f] lyOg, t/ km]n eOg . dnfO{ k9\g'eGbf d]nfdf uP/ uLt ufp"bf w]/} cfgGb nfUbYof] . d k6s–k6s :s'naf6 efu]/ d]nf k'u]sf] 5' / To;afkt\ lk6fO klg vfPsf] 5' .

;fKtflxs M t/fO{sf] cgsG6f/ ufp"af6 sf7df8f+} cfpg] cj;/ s;/L kfpg'eof] <

plbt M efUon] g} sf7df8f+} cfpg kfPsf] x'" . d ufp"3/sf] ljjfxx?df uLt ufp"bf–ufp"b} kk'n/ eO;s]sf] lyP" . Psk6s Toltv]/sf lhNNff k~rfotsf ;efklt s[i0fb]j emfsL 5f]/Lsf] lax] lyof], dnfO{ Tox"f uLt ufpg af]nfOof] . d}n] g]kfnL, d}ynL / lxGbL ;a} uLt ufP", klxn] t dnfO{ yfxf ePg t/ kl5 yfxf kfP", Tox"f t ;~rf/dGqL klg cfpg'ePsf] /x]5 . d d}nf]w}nf] dfG5], d}n] n'uf klg kmf6]sf] ;6{ / xfkmk}G6 nufPsf] lyP", pxf"n] sf7df8f}+sf] nf]suLt ;Dd]ngdf k7fOlbg eGg'eP5 . d ;u/dfyf c~rnaf6 5flgP", / sf7df8f} cfP", k'/:s[t klg eP" / /]l8of] g]kfnsf] hflu/ klg kfP" .

;fKtflxs M /]l8of] g]kfndf tkfO{+sf] tna slt lyof] <

plbt M Ps ;o ?k}+of" . To;n} vfgf klg vfGy+], 8]/f ef8f klg ltb{y+] .

;fKtflxs M sf7df8f+}sf] 8]/f hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf a9L s] ;Demg'x'G5 <

plbt M vfgf ksfpg dg nfUb}gYof], xf]6]ndf vfg k};f k'Ub}gYof] . t}klg xf]6]ndf vfGy+] . Pp6f xf]6njfnfnfO{ cem} s]xL ?k+}of" ltg{ af"sL 5, t/ Tof] xf]6njfnf sx"f 5 < dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . d}n] p;nfO{ slt ?k}+of" ltg{' 5 clxn] dnfO{ ;Demgf 5}g . csf]{ s'/f 8]/fdf vfgf ksfp"bf xfdL ufosx? a:bYof+}, ufpg] ;'/df eft, t/sf/L 89\Yof], uGxfpg yfn]kl5 aNn yfxf x'GYof] . d vfg]s'/fsf] ;f}lvg dfG5], ;f]Rg'xf];\ t, 89]sf] eft vf"bf s:tf] eof] xf]nf <

;fKtflxs M PSsfl; aDaO{ hfG5' eGg] dxŒjfsf+Iff s;/L knfof] <

plbt M d ;fg}b]lv cln dxŒjfsf+IfL g} lyP" Sof/] † lsgeg] dnfO{ klxn]b]lv g} df]xDdb /kmL, lszf]/ s'df/ x'g dg nfUbYof] . ;fgf]ltgf] s'/f d ;f]Rb};f]lRbgy]" . /]l8of] g]kfndf Ps ;o ?k}of"sf] hflu/ lyof], t/ 3/ hf"bf ;fyLefOx?;"u ;fk6L dfu]/ eP klg /fhla/fh;Dd Kn]gdf hfGy]+ / km]l/ a; r9]/ 3/ k'Uby]+ . ha ufos ag]+, lx/f] aGg] /x/ klg hfUg yfNof], km]l/ ef/tdf ufogsf] klg 7"nf] :sf]k 5 eGg] yfxf kfP" / Totflt/ hfg] ljrf/ u/] . clxn] ;De"mbf t crDd nfU5, ddf slt w]/} cf"6 /x]5 <

;fKtflxs M aDaO{df PSsfl; k'Ubf ufx|f] k/]g <

plbt M lsg gkg'{, htfkfof] Tot} ufof], s]xL k};f lnof] . o;/L klg ;do laTof] . kl5 /~hLt uhd]/, t'n;L l3ld/], d'/nLw/ oL ;a} e]6 eof}+ . cln–cln cfDbfgL x'g yfn]kl5 d}n] zf:qLo ;+uLt l;Sg yfn]+, 5 jif{ nufP/ ;+uLtdf ljzf/b klg u/]+ . efUon] ;fy lbof], To;} a]nf bLkf;"u k|]d eof], lajfx eof], pgL Po/ OlG8ofdf Po/ xf]:6]h lyOg\ / uLt ;+uLtk|lt lgs} ?lr /fVblyg\ . dnfO{ Tox"f :yflkt x'g eujfg\afx]s w]/} ;fyLefOx?n] ;3fPsf 5g\ .

;fKtflxs M clxn];Dd slt sdfpg'eof] <

plbt M lx;fa–lstfa u/]sf] 5}g, Ps hgf lx;fa–lstfa ug]{ x'g'x'G5 px"fn] g} x]g'{x'G5 . cf7–b; s/f]8 sdfOof] xf]nf, t/ k};f t cfp"5, hfG5 To;sf] s] lx;fa–lstfa /fVg' <

;fKtflxs M aDaO{df slt ;DklQ hf]8\g'eof] <

plbt M aDaO{df Pp6f 3/ / Pp6f Înf6 5 . b'O{j6f uf8L 5g\ . ;d'Gb|sf] lsgf/df Pp6f /fd|f] 3/ agfpg] of]hgf 5 .

;fKtflxs M cfkm\gf] ufp"df eg]h:tf] ljsf; ug'{ePg lg <

plbt M ev{/ t sdfp"b} 5', t}klg Pp6f k'/fgf] dlGb/sf] hL0ff]{4f/ u/]+ . k|x/L rf}sLsf nflu 3/–hUuf lyPg, To;sf nflu s]xL ;xof]u u/]+ . ufp"sf s]xL ;fyLefOx?sf nflu /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5' . jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] d}n] /fd|f];"u cfDbfgL ug{ yfn]sf] eg]sf] cflbTo hlGdPkl5 xf], To;df klg k"fr jif{otf dfq d]/f] lgoldt cfDbfgL x'"b}5 . o:tf]df Psflt/ d]/f b'O{ bfh'x? hf] u/La ls;fg dfq xg'x'GYof], pxf"x?sf] Joj:yf ug'{ lyof] . of] aLrdf pxf"x?sf] nflu 3/–hUuf / Pp6f ;jf/L ;fwg, cfkm\gf nflu a:g] 3/ OToflb hf]8\g'kbf{ d}n] ;f]r]h:tf] ug{ kfPsf] lyOg" . ca ug{'k5{ eGg] ;f]r 5 .

;fKtflxs M g]kfn ljz]if u/L sf7df8f}+ cfPsf] a]nf xf]6]ndf a:g'x'G5, sf7df8f}+df Pp6f 3/ agfpg'k5{ h:tf] nfUb}g <

plbt M ;f]Rb}5' . 3/sf nflu ;do lbg'k5{ t/ oL x]g'{xf];\ g, tkfO{+sf] cufl8 vfgf 5, t/ vfg EofO/x]sf] 5}g, af6fdf kmnkm"n vf"b} uLt ufpg :6'l8of]lt/ hfg'kb}{5, o:tf]df dnfO{ 3/ agfpg] t s] o;af/]df ;f]Rg] km';{b g} sxf" x'G5 / <

;fKtflxs M AfDaO{df tkfO{+sf] lbg s;/L laTb5 <

plbt M laxfg} p7\5' . p7\5' s] eGg', bLkfn] p7fp"bl5g\ . k|m]; ePkl5 b'O{ jf tLg 306f l/ofh ub{5f}+, vfgflkgkl5 d /]sl8{ªsf nflu lg:sG5' . w]/} sfd 5 eg] a]n'sf cf7–gf} ah] cfOk'U5', 5}g eg] l56\6} 3/ kms{G5' . xKtfsf] b'O{ jf tLg lbg t kf6L{df ;fd]n x'g'kb{5 . Psbd} Jo:t x'G5' . :6]h zf] klg af/Daf/ eO/xG5, o;sf nflu klg ljb]z uO/xg'kb{5 . To;}n] lgoldt o:tf] vfnsf] nfOkm latfp"5' eg]/ eGg} ufx«f] x'G5 .

;fKtflxs M s] vfg dg k/fpg'x'G5 <

plbt M ;fgf] x'"bf t r6\k6] vfGy]+ . d]nflt/ hf"bf h'n]aL klg v'a dg kb{Yof] t/ clxn] t vfg]s'/fdf Psbd 6fO6 5 . unf v/fa x'g] lr;f], cldnf]–kL/f] t bLkfn] 5'g} lbGgg\ . c? w]/} s'/fdf k/x]h ug'{kb{5 .

;fKtflxs M g]kfnL vfgf slQsf] vfg'x'G5 < ls dL7f] nfUg 5f8\of] <

plbt M s:tf] s'/f ug'{x'G5 < ;fg}b]lv h'g :jfb of] lha|f]df a;]sf] 5, Tof] s;/L dL7f] nfUg 5f]8\b5 < sf]xL kTofp"b}gg\ xf]nf, aDaO{ hfg]nfO{ yfxf 5, d]/f] efG5fdf u'Gb|'s, d'/O{ / df5f slxNo} 6'6\b}g . d'/O{ / df5f t ;a} d}ynLx?sf] lk|o ef]hg g} xf] .

;fKtflxs M s;n] ksfPsf] vfgf dg kb{5 <

plbt M ckmsf];{ >LdtLn] . pgL hlt g} Jo:t eP klg d]/f] nflu s]xL agfOlbPs} x'lG5g\ . sfd ug]{ dflg;n] klg dL7f] agfp"b5g\ t/ >LdtLsf] xft eg]sf] t ljz]if g} x'G5 .

;fKtflxs M sfd ug]{ dflg; t cfk\mg} ufp"lt/s} dflg;x? xf]nfg\ lg, xf]Og <

plbt M kfNkflt/sf e§/fO{ 5g\ .

;fKtflxs M bLkfhL;"u s;/L e]6 eof] <

plbt M Po/ xf]:6]hsf ;fy;fy} pgL uLt klg ufp"blyg\ . pgL klg bfhL{lnªsL ePsLn] >j0f, /~hLt uhd]/;"u e]6\g cfp"blyg\ . To;}n] xfd|f] e]63f6 eO/xGYof] . Toltv]/} dnfO{ pgL dg kb{lyg\ . PskN6 pgn] PNad lgsfNg rflxg\ / d}n] To;df ;fy lbg'k¥of] . d lgs} b'Anf]–kftnf] ePsfn] d}n] dg k/fP klg pgL dnfO{ efp lbGglyg\ . cfkm\gf] PNaddf pgn] d]/f] :j/ /fVg klg rfx]sL lyOgg\, ;fYfLefOn] d]/f] s'/f a'em]/ xf] jf d]/f] :j/df pgsf] PNad lkm6 x'g] b]v]/ xf] ha/h:tL u/] . ha d}n] ufpg yfn]+, pgL lgs} k|efljt eO5g\ . pgn] d;"u PsfPs dfkmL dfUb} elgg\— tkfO+{sf] :j/ d}n] ;f]r]eGbf lgs} /fd|f] /x]5 . To;kl5 t s] lyof] xfd|f] ck]mo/ k|f/De e}xfNof] .

;fKtflxs M of] slt jif{ rNof] <

plbt M b'O{ jif{ . of] b'O{ jif{df pgn] dNffO{ aDaO{df :yflkt u/fpg 7"nf] d]xgt ul/g\ . kl5 pgsf] cfk\mg} sdfOn] Pp6f 3/ agfOg\ hxf" xfdL d]/f] cfk\mgf] sdfOsf] 3/ gag'Gh]n a:g] ub{Yof}+ .

;fKtflxs M clxn] Tof] 3/ a]Rg'eof] <

plbt M Tof] 3/ xfdL s;/L a]Rg ;S5f}+ < Tof] t xfd|f] ;+3if{sf] Pp6f w/f]x/ xf] . clxn] xfdLn] To;nfO{ vfnL /fv]sf 5f}+, Pp6f ;+u|xfnoh:t} ePsf] 5 Tof] 3/ xfd|f nflu .

;fKtflxs M clxn] cflbTosf] sdfO klg lgs} 5, olt ;fg} pd]/df k};flt/ Wofg lb+bf p;sf] cWoog / Sofl/o/ lau|G5 h:tf] nfUb}g <

plbt M d}n] sxf" p;nfO{ k};f sdfpg]lt/ nufpg] < p;sf] rf/jif]{ hGdlbgsf] kf6L{df aDaO{sf ;a}h;f] k|Voft lgb]{zs :f+uLtsf/ / ufosx? cfPsf lyP . kf6L{df cflbTo d ufgf ufp"5' ls ufp"5' eg]/ ?g yfNof] . p;nfO{ km'Nofpg eP klg ;a}n] ufpg b]pm g eGf] . t/ eujfg\sf] s[kf, p;n] olt dL7f] ufgf ufof] ls ;a} hgf 5Ss k/] . p;n] …kfkf sxt] x} a8f gfd s/]ufÚ ufPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 sNof0fhL, cfgGbhLx?n] of] aRrfnfO{ d 6\]lgª lbG5', dnfO{ lbg'xf];\ eg]/ lh2L ug{ yfn] . To;kl5 pxf"sf] s]6fs]6Lsf] ;d"xn] lkmNdkm]o/ Pjf8{sf] sfo{qmddf Pp6f k|:t'lt lbof] . Toxf" cflbTosf] k|:t'lt Psbd} /fd|f] eof] . …kfkf sxt] x}Ú PNad lgsfNg ;a}n] s/ u/] . p;n] ufPsf] Tof] PNadsf] uLt klg e/df/ laSof] . lh:s"bf–lh:s"b} p;n] ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf] xf] . …ha Kof/ ls;L;] xf]tf x}Ú tyf …/+uLnfÚsf] clego / …cs]n] xd cs]n] t'dÚsf] ufgfdf p;n] /fd|f] k};f kfPsf] lyof] .

;fKtflxs M slt kfPsf] lyof] <

plbt M /sd t tf]lSbg", t/ clxn] h'g :s"ndf pm k9\b}5, Toxf" p;}sf] cfDbfgLn] k'u]sf] 5 . cfk\mgf] vr{ cfkm}+n] wfGb}5 .

;fKtflxs M tkfO{+n] g]kfnL rnlrq agfpg] s'/f ;'lgPsf] lyof], slxn] agfp"b} x'g'x'G5 <

plbt M rnlrq agfpg] s'/f klg 3/ agfpg] s'/fh:t} xf] . d]/f] klxn]b]lvs} ;kgf xf] of] . d lx/f] aGg rfxGy]+, clnslt t k"/f eof] t/ k"/f /x/ d]l6Ps} lyPg . lx/f] aGg] pd]/ t uof] t/ rnlrq agfpg] /x/ k"/f ePsf] 5}g . ca cfkm"n] gEofP klg ;fYfLx?n] agfPsf] rnlrqdf ;xof]u ub}{5' . pbfx/0fsf nflu dw' / zDe'lhtn] agfpg] rnlrqdf d ;xof]u ub}{5' .

;fKtflxs M Tof] rnlrqdf lx/f] klg x'g] ls s;f] <

plbt M 5f]/f] lx/f] x'g] a]nfdf d sxf"af6 lx/f] x'g] < ca lx/f] x'g] /x/ dl/;Sof] . g]kfnL rnlrqk|ltsf] ;b\efjn] dfq d}n] o:tf] s'/f u/]sf] x'" .

;fKtflxs M ca lbglbg} a'9f}nL nfU5, ;w} o:tf] sdfO klg /x"b}g, To:tf] cj:yfdf af"sL ;do sxf" / s;/L latfpg] ljrf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 <

plbt M ef/bxdf Pp6f lrl6Ss k/]sf] dlw;] kf/fsf] 3/ agfp"5' . clg sf]zLsf] kfgL x]b}{, :f+uLt ;'Gb} af"sL hLjg ToxL+ latfp"5' .

;fKtflxs M ev{/} aDaO{sf] ;d'b|sf] lsgf/df Pp6f 3/ agfp"5' eGg'ePsf] xf]Og <

plbt M Tof] 5f]/fnfO{ rflx+b}g < d}n] klg t r6Ss} sxf" dfof dfg{ ;S5' / < aDaO{ t uO{ g} /xg'kb{5 .

;fKtflxs M tkfO{+ ef/tLo kqklqsfnfO{ d ef/tdf hlGdPsf] x'", eGg'x'G5, g]kfn cfPkl5 st} gePsf] b]zelQm b]vfpg'x'G5, jf:tljstf s] xf] <

plbt M ha–ha d}n] cGtjf{tf{ lbg'kb{5, kqsf/n] oxL Pp6f s'/fdf a9L hf]8 lbPsf] kfp"b5' . cfh d jf:tljstf eG5', g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqL uLl/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfndf hlGdPsf x'g\ < xf]Og, agf/;df hlGdPsf x'g\ . ;Ddflgt g]tf ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfndf hlGdg'ePsf] xf] < xf]Og, pxf" klg agf/;d} hlGdg'ePsf] xf] . To;f] eP pxf"x? s;/L b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL aGg'eof] < px"fx? dfq} lsg, oxf" w]/} dflg;x? ef/tdf hlGdP klg g]kfnsf] pRr cf]xbfdf a:g'ePsf] 5, lsg pxf"x?sf ;DaGwdf s:f}n] k|Zg p7fp"b}g < g]kfnsf w]/} JolSt hf];"u kx'"r 5, k};f 5 / hf] aL; jif{ cl3;Dd ef/tLo lyP, cfh ;a}eGbf 7"nf / b]zeQm g]kfnL ePsf 5g\ eg] d Pp6f ljz'4 snfsf/nfO{ lsg ef/tLo / g]kfnL eg]/ af"l8/xg'ePsf] 5 <

;fKtflxs M dflg;df w]/} e|d kl//x]sf] 5, 5ftLdf xft /fv]/ eGbf tkfO{+ cfkm"nfO{ s] eGg ?rfpg'x'G5 <

plbt M d]/f b'O{j6f cf"vfdf Pp6f cf"vf g]kfn xf] csf]{ ef/t . ef/tLox?sf cufl8 d g]kfnL x'" eGg ;lSbg" . lsgls pgLx? plbtnfO{ ef/tLo ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5g\ . otf g]kfnLx? plbt xfd|f] g]kfnL xf] eGb5g\ . d s;/L g]kfnL xf]Og eg]/ eGg ;S5' < ca otfsf klqsf k9]/ pgLx? l/;fp"b5g\ . ptfsf] klqsf k9]/ g]kfnLx? l/;fp"b5g\ . d snfsf/ x'", snfsf/nfO{ ef}uf]lns ;Ldfdf afWg' x'"b}g eg]/ ga'em\g]nfO{ d s;/L ;Demfp"m <

;fKtflxs M To;f] eP d]/f] hGd g]kfndf ePsf], t/ d ;a}sf] x'" eg]/ lsg eGg'x'Gg <

plbt M d ;To eg"" < s;}n] lrQ b'vfpg kfp"b}gg\ . jf:tjdf d ef/td} hlGdPsf] x'" . ha d]/f] hGd pt} ePsf] xf] eg] d}n] ;To af]Ng}kb{5 . w]/} ;do;Dd d}N]f of] s'/fnfO{ n'sfP/} /fv]+, ha ef/tsf] Pp6f klqsfn] d]/f] k"/} nfOkm :6fOn 5fKg] eof], d}n] 9f"6\g rfx]/ klg of] s'/f n'sfpg ;lsg" . lsgls ;To s'/f slxn] klg n'Sb}g . t/ olt ;fgf] s'/fdf lsg lrQ b'vfpg] <

;fKtflxs M ev{/} xfd|f] 3/ sf]zL gbLsf] aLrdf lyof], xh'/a'jfn] /f0ffx?af6 alS;; kfPsf] s'/f ug'{eof] . km]l/ clxn] d ef/tdf hlGdPsf] x'" eGg'x'G5 . s'/f cldNbf] eof] lg, xf]Og <

plbt M x]g'{xf];\ ljlwsf] lj8Dagf < d]/f b'O{ bfh' g]kfnd} hlGdP . d]/f] efO klg g]kfndf hlGdof] . t/ d ef/tdf hlGdP", crDdsf] s'/f g} oxL 5, hltv]/ d cfdfsf] k]6df lyP", Tolta]n} sf]zLdf af9L cfof] . /ftf/ft xfd|f] kl/jf/ efu]/ dfjnL 3/ ljxf/ uof], ca sf]zLkfl/ ef/t, Tof] d]/f] dfdf3/, d ToxL+ hlGdP" . ;a}n] d]/f] a'jfnfO{ pt} a:g] ;Nnfx lbPsf lyP, t/ pxf" cfkm\g} ufp" kms{g'eof] . drflx+ otf ;DklQ ;lsPsf sf/0f dfdf3/d} x'ls{P" . g]kfnsf] l;dfgf klxn] b]x/fb"g;Dd lyof] . kl5 v'lDrP/ d]rL–dxfsfnL eof] . klxn]sf g]kfnLx? clxn] ef/tLo eP . ;Ldf;"u;"u} dflg;sf] gful/stf ablnG5, of] ;}4flGts s'/f xf] . t/ xfdLn] a'em\g] s'/f s] xf] eg] t/fO{df g]kfn / ef/t eg]/ lax]jf/L ul/+b}g . stf ljjfx ubf{ c;n a'xf/L / s]6L kfOG5, pt} ljjfx ul/G5 .

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