;'Gb/ skfn ;/n pkfo

ejfgL /]UdL

oxf" s]xL o:tf] xa{nx¿sf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5, h'g s]zsf] ;f}Gbo{ a9fpgdf pkof]uL l;4 x'G5g\ . o:tf k|;fwgsf];a}eGbf 7"nf] ljz]iftf o;df s'g} lsl;dsf] ;fO8 Okm]S6 x'"b}g, h'g s[lqd ;f}Gbo{ ;fdu|Ldf x'G5 . o;sf] cf}ifwLo u'0fn] s';dod} s]z km'Ng], emg]{ jf xf"uf kmf6\g] cflb d;:ofaf6 d'lQm kfOG5 / 5fnfnfO{ ;+qmd0faf6 arfp"5 .

lqkmnf M of] tLg k|sf/sf] kmnaf6 agfOG5– cdnf, x/f]{ / a/f]{ . cfo'j]{bdf oL kmnx¿sf] ljz]if dxŒj 5 . lqkmnfdf w]/} lsl;dsf /f;folgs kbfy{ x'G5, h:tf]– u}lns Pl;8, OnfOlhs Pl;8, Un'sf]h, le6fldg …PÚ, lsAo"lnlgs Pl;8, 6]lgs Pl;8 cflb .

6]lgsn] le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdL k"/f u5{ . lqkmnfn] skfnnfO{ nfdf], afSnf] / sfnf] agfp"5 . o;n] skfnnfO{ km'Ng], emg]{ cflb ;d:ofaf6 arfp"5 . lqkmnfaf6 ag]sf] t]nn] skfnnfO{ xf"uf kmf6\gaf6 arfpg'sf ;fy} /fd|f] kf]if0f lbG5 .

a|f+xL M o;sf] d'Vo pkof]uL tŒj xf]– PNsfnfO8 -xfO8«f]sfl6nfOg_, UnfOsf];fO8 -Pl;of]l6sf] ;fO8_, /]lhg, 6]lgs, cfu]{lgs Pl;8 / t}nLo tŒj . a|f+xLn] s]zsf] 5fnfdf /Qm;~rf/ a9fp"5 . kmn:j¿k s]z :j:y /xG5 .

lxgf M k|frLg sfnb]lv g} d]xGbL k|of]udf cfO/x]sf] 5 . d]xGbLsf] kftdf /ftf] kfg]{ u'0f x'G5 . d]xGbLn] 6fpsf]df zLtntf k|bfg ub{5 tyf skfndf OGkm]S;g x'gaf6 arfp"5 . o;n] skfnnfO{ emg{af6 /f]S5 . s]znfO{ :j:y Pj+ rlDsnf] agfp"5 .

lgd M lgdn] s]znfO{ rfof" / OGkm]S;gaf6 arfp"5 . o;n] s]z emg{ / kfSgaf6 /f]S5 . ;Nkm\ o;sf] t]ndf kfOg] d'Vo tŒj xf] . o;df kfOg] cGo tŒjx¿ PNsf]nfo8, /]lhG;, UnfOsf];fO8\; / k\mof6L Pl;8 x'g\ . h'g kbfy{df ;Nkm\ x'G5 To;n] skfnnfO{ /fd|f] kf]if0f lbG5 . lgdsf] t]ndf 6f]sf]lkm\fn k|z:t dfqfdf x'G5, h;nfO{ le6fldg …O{Ú elgG5 .

sfutL M of] Pp6f Pl:6«h]G6 xf] . o;df PlG6;]lÎ6s u'0f x'G5 . o;n] skfnnfO{ rfof"af6 hf]ufp"5 . :ofDk' ul/;s]kl5 ?vf] s]znfO{ Ps du kfgLdf b'O{–rf/ yf]kf sfutLsf] /; xfn]/ s]z wf]Pdf s]zdf :jfefljs rds cfp"5 .

/f]hd]/L cfon M of] PlG6AofS6]l/on, PlG6;]lÎ6s u'0f ePsf] t]n xf] . o;n] skfnnfO{ plrt kf]if0f lbG5 . o;sf ;fy} s]znfO{ emg{ / km'Ngaf6 arfp"5 . o;n] 6fpsf] b'Mv]sf] a]nfdf ljz]if kmfObf u5{ . of] Pp6f o:tf] xa{n cf}ifwL xf] h;n] :d/0fzlQm a9fpg'sf ;fy} s]znfO{ nfdf] kfg{ d2t u5{ .

sk'/ M o;df PlG6;]lÎ6s / PlG6OGk\mn]d]6/L tŒj x'G5 . o;sf] k|of]uaf6 skfndf x'g] 3fp la;]s x'G5 . gl/jnsf] t]ndf xfn]/ o;sf] k|of]u ugf{n] s]zsf] 3fp tyf rfof" lgsf] x'G5 . o;sf ;fy} o;sf] k|of]uaf6 skfndf /x]sf] h'd|f klg x/fP/ hfG5 . of] s]zsf nflu ;jf]{Qd kf]ifs tŒj xf] .

b"w M ufO{sf] b"wn] s]znfO{ zLtntf k|bfg ub{5 . o;n] s]znfO{ kf]if0f lbg'sf ;fy} /Qm;~rf/ a9fp"5 . b"wn] s]znfO{ /f]ud'Qm kfb{5 .

o;/L nufpg'xf];\ d]xGbL

bLksnfn >]i7

– d]xGbL k'/fgf] gxf];\, rf/ dlxgfeGbf cufl8sf] k'/fgf] d]xGbL glsGg'xf];\ .

– d]xGbLsf] Kofs]6 v'Nnf g/fVg'xf];\, xfjf kl;;s]kl5 d]xGbLsf] k|fs[lts /+u p8]/ hfG5 . Kofs]6sf] d]xGbL k|of]udf NofO;s]kl5 af“sLnfO{ Po/ 6fO6 l8Aafdf /fVg'xf];\ .

– s'g} k'/fgf] hh]{6sf] ;f8Ln] d]xGbLnfO{ tLg k6s cjZo 5fGg'xf];\ . x/]s k6s 5fGbf sk8fdf ar]sf] d]xGbLnfO{ km\of“lslbg'xf];\ .

– d]xGbL 3f]Nbf To;df sfutLsf] /; / lrofklQ 5fg]/ xfNg'xf];\, cGoyf d]xGbL /fd|f];“u a:b}g .

– d]xGbL nufpg'k"j{ xftnfO{ b'O{–tLgk6s ;fa'gn] w'g'xf];, To;kl5 b'O{ rDrf sfutLsf] /; / Ps rDrf lrgL xftdf lnP/ ta;Dd /u8\g'xf]/;\, ha;Dd lrgL /fd|f];“u 3'Nb}g . ca xftnfO{ /fd|/L w'g'xf];\ .

– Pp6f skf;sf] 6'qmfdf t]n nufP/ xftsf] cufl8–k5fl8 hxf“–hxf“ d]xGbL nufpg] xf], /fd|f];“u nufpg'xf];\ .

– d]xGbLsf] 3f]n nufp“bf Knfl:6snfO{ /fd|f]l;t wf]P/ sk8fn] k'5/g'xf];\ . sf]0fsf] Kjfn hxf“;Dd Psbd} ;fgf] /fVg'xf];\ .

– sf]0fnfO{ xd];f 6]kn] 6f“:g'xf];\, el/e/fp u/]/ sf]0fdf d]xGbL g/fVg'xf];\ . olb /fv]df To;nfO{ bafp“bf d]xGbL dflyaf6 lg:sg ;S5 .

–d]xGbL w]/} uf9f jf / w]/} kftnf] gxf];\ .

– d]xGbLnfO{ Knfl:6ssf] ef“8fdf /fvL la:tf/}–la:tf/} kfgL xfnL rDrf jf xftn] /fd|/L lkm6\g'xf];\ . hlt /fd|f]l;t d]xGbL lkm6\g'x'G5, Tolt g} /fd|f] ld>0f aG5, slxNo} klg d]xGbLdf kfgL g/fVg'xf];\ .

– d]xGbLsf] 3f]n sf]0fdf eg'{xf];\ / b'O{ 306fkl5 nufpg'xf];\ . 3f]lnPsf] d]xGbL ef“8fdf v'Nnf g/fVg'xf];\ gq To;df kfk|f hD5 .

– d]xGbL nufO;s]kl5 ha Tof] ;'S5, ta Pp6f ;fgf] srf}/fdf sfutLsf] /; / lrgLsf] 3f]n agfP/ sf]0fsf] ;xfotfn] la:tf/}–la:tf/} nufpg'xf];\ .

– tLg–rf/ 306fkl5 /fd|f]l;t ;'s]sf] d]xGbLnfO{ ;fjwfgLk"j{s ;fgf] rSs'n] v's]{/ lgsfNg'xf];\ . kf“r–5 306f;Dd kfgLn] xft gw'g'xf];\ .

– s;}–s;}sf] xftdf d]xGbL Psbd} xNsf ?kdf a:5 . o:tf] xft wf]P/ /fd|F]l;t k'5g'xf];\ tyf yf]/} leS; xftdf /u8\g'xf];\, clg dfq d]xGbL nufpg'xf];\ .

– h'g rf8kj{ jf pT;jdf d]xGbL nufpg] xf], To;sf] sd;]sd Ps lbgcl3 d]xGbL nufpg'xf];\, lsgls d]xGbLsf] /+u @$ 306fkl5 uf9f x'G5 .

–b'nxLnfO{ d]xGbL nufOlb“bf klxn] d]lgSof]/ jf k]l8Sof]/ u/fpg'xf];\, clg dfq d]xGbL nufOlbg'xf];\ .

– d]xGbL  nufP/ lx6/glhs jf s8f 3fddf ga:g'xf];\, gq d]xGbL a:g'eGbf klxn] g} ;'S5 .

;'Gb/ cf“vf cfkm}+ af]N5g

an/fd

cf“vf dfgj z/L/sf] ;'Gb/td c+u xf], ;'Gb/ cf“vfn] hf];'s}sf] Wofg klg cfkm"lt/ cfslif{t ub{5 . cf“vfnfO{ ;'Gb/ jf rlDsnf] agfO/fVg cf“vfsf] x]/rfx cToGt cfjZos 5 .

–     a9L ;'Tg] k|of; ug'{kb{5, lsgeg] lgb|f gk'u]sf] c;/ cf“vfdf b]lvG5 . clgGb|fn] cf“vfsf] tn sfnf] wAaf b]lvG5 . To;}n] b}lgs cf7 306f ;'Tg' cfbz{ dflgG5 .

–     cf“vfnfO{ t]h -zlQm_ k|bfg ug{sf nflu le6fldg ljz]if d2tuf/ ;fljt x'G5 . …le6fldg PÚ cf“vfsf nflu ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . of] xl/of] ;fu, df5f, ufh/, dVvgdf kfOG5 . le6fldg aL–@, c+s'l/t cGg, b"w tyf km'n -c08f_ df kfOG5 . oL ;a}sf] ;]jgn] cf“vfsf] Hof]lt a9/5 .

–      dBkfg ug'{x'“b}g, o;af6 cf“vfsf] /QmjflxgL gzf km}lnG5, h;af6 cf“vfdf /ftf] 8f]/f -w;f{_ cfpg yfN5 . k]o kbfy{x¿df kmnkm"nx¿sf] /; w]/}eGbf w]/} lkpg'kb{5 . ufh/, kfns tyf r'sGb/sf] ld>0fsf] ;]jg w]/} g} kmfObfhgs x'G5 . o;af6 cf“vf ;kmf tyf rlDsnf] b]lvG5 .

–     b"lift jftfj/0f h:t}, eL8ef8 ePsf] 7fp“, w"jf“ tyf w"nf]n] el/Psf] :yfgaf6 cfpgf;fy kfgLdf af]/]S; kfp8/ xfn]/ To;n] cf“vf kvfNg'kb{5 . o;f] ugf{n] cf“vfaf6 ;a} w"nf], df6f] lg:sG5 . u'nfahndf lehfOPsf] skf; cf“vfdf /fv]/ sl/a b; ldg]6;Dd cf“vfnfO{ aGb u/]/ ;'Tg'kb{5, o;f] ugf{n] cf“vfnfO{ t'?Gt cf/fd ldN5 . o;}u/L sf“qmf]nfO{ uf]nf] cfsf/df sf6]/ cf“vfdf /fVgfn] cf“vfnfO{ zLtntf k|fKt x'G5 .

cf“vf dfgj z/L/sf] ;a}eGbf sf]dn c+u xf] . ctM cf“vfk|lt s'g} nfk/afxL ug'{x'“b}g .

;ftfsL u[lx0fL

cfzf If]qL, Pr cfO{ eL lkl8tx?sf nflu k/dz{ lbg vf]nLPsf] ;+:yf k|]/0ffsf cWoIf z/0f If]qLsL >LdtL . hGd @)#! ;fn, lzIff ;fwf/0f n]vk9 . cfk"mnfO{ P8\; nfu]kl5 P8\; /f]uL z/0f If]qL;"u ljjfx u/]/ rrf{ kfPsL cfzf clxn] P8\; /f]uLx¿sf nflu :yflkt k|]/0ff ;d"xdf x/]/ >Ldfg\ z/0f If]qL;"u} ;dfh;]jf ul//x]sL l5g\ .

x]bf{ t ;fdfGo b]lvg'x'G5, tkfO{+nfO{ P8\; nfu]sf] 5 / <

aflx/jf6 x]bf{ P8\; nfu]sf] 5 ls 5}g, lrGg ;ls+b}g . t/ d]/f] z/L/leq Pr=cfO{=eL= kf]lhl6esf sL6f0f'x? 5g\ .

s;/L ;¥of] tkfO{+nfO{ <

klxn]sf] >Ldfg\af6 . pxf" klxn]b]lv g} 8«U; lng] / j]Zofno wfpg] ug'{x'"bf] /x]5 . d;"u ljjfx ePkl5 t ;g]{ eOxfNof] lg .

To:tf] dflg;;"u lsg ljjfx ug'{ePsf] t <

sxf" d}n] lax] ug'{ < pm bfbf 6fOksf] dfG5] lyof] . dnfO{ l;w} t" d;"u lax] ug]{ ls gug]{ eGof] . p;n] cfdfa'afnfO{ wDSofP/ d;"u lax] u5'{ eGof] . s;}n] s]xL eGg ;s]gg\ .

tkfO{+ ;'vL x'g'x'GYof] <

pm h08 :jefjsf] lyof] . /S;L, uf"hf vfGYof] . d efU5' eg]/ pm r's'n nufP/ aflx/ hfGYof] . o:tf] dflg;;"u s;/L ;'vL x'g] <

p;nfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL= 5 eg]/ s;/L yfxf kfpg'eof] <

PskN6 p;nfO{ l6aL eof] . t/ /f]u lgsf] ePg . csf]{kN6 8fOl/of eof], Tof] klg lgsf] ePg . kl5 8fS6/n] p;nfO{ P8\; ePsf] s'/f kQf nufP . To;sf] nuQ} p;sf] d[To' klg eof] .

tkfO{+df klg Pr=cfO{=eL= efO/; 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfp"bf s:tf] nfUof] <

;+;f/ g} z"Go nfUof] . d]/f] s]xL uNtL geP klg d ;hfosf] efuL eP" . p;n] slxn} :ju{df af; gkfcf];\ eg]/ ;/fk]+ . t/ kl5 ;a} ;fdfGo nfUg yfNof] . lsgeg] of] ;+;f/df dHf:tf w]/} b'MvL dflg; 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfP" .

z/0fhL;"u s;/L e]6 eof] <

pxf" klg Pr=cfO{=eL= nfu]kl5 8fS6/sf] ;/;Nnfx lng ljleGg ;+3–:f+:yf wfp"b} x'g'x'"bf] /x]5 . To;} a]nf e]6 ePsf] xf] .

k|]dljjfx xf] <

xf], b'j} hgfsf] syf–Joyf Pp6} . ;"u} lx+8\bf, sfd ubf{ xfdL Ps–csf{;"u cfslif{t x'"b} hfg yfNof}+ . o;}aLr xfdLn] …k|]/0ffÚ gfdsf] ;+:yf klg vf]Nof}+ . Ps–csf{nfO{ ;xf/f lbg] lx;fan] ljjfx u/]sf xf}+ .

ca rf"8} db}{5' eGg] kL/ nfUb}g <

nfUb}g, lsgeg] oxf" sf]xL klg chDd/L a'6L vfP/ cfPsf 5}gg\ . ;a} Ps lbg d5{g\ . tkfO{+nfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL= 5}g, t/ 3/ k'Ubf gk'Ub} PS;L8]G6 eP/ tkfO{+ klg dg{ ;Sg'x'G5 eg] s]sf] kL/ < h'g;'s} dflg;n] cfk"m af"r'Gr]n ;Ddfgk"j{s ;fy{s hLjg af"Rg'k5{, nfdf] ;do af"r]/ klg s;}sf] hLjg lg/y{s 5 eg] Tof] dflg;nfO{ P8\;eGbf g/fd|f] /f]u nfu]sf] 5 .

tkfO{+sf] hLjg ;fy{s 5 h:tf] nfU5 <

5, lsgeg] dnfO{ P8\; 5 eg]/ d n's]/ al;g" . P8\;;DaGwL hgr]tgf hufpg]b]lv lnP/ P8\;/f]uLx¿sf] lrGtfdf nflu/x]sf] 5' . g]kfndf xfdL dfq o:tf] hf]8L xf}+, hf] P8\; /f]u nfu]/ klg ljjfx–aGwgdf af"lwP/ ;Ddfgk"j{s af"lr/x]sf 5f} . xf], dnfO{ d]/f] hLjg ;fy{s nfU5 .

P8\;/f]uL ePsf sf/0f s;}n] ckx]ngf u/]sf] yfxf kfpg'x'G5 <

k|f/Dedf x]+nf uy]{ . t/ w]/} dflg;x¿ lgbf]{if 5g\, h;nfO{ c¿n] P8\; ;fl/lbPsf 5g\ . km]/L P8\;/f]uLnfO{ ckx]ngf ug'{ eg]sf] c1fgL x'g' xf] .

;fdfGo dflg;nfO{ s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <

P8\;/f]uL;"u s'/fsfgL ug'{xf];\ . pm yf]/} lbgsf] kfx'gf xf], pm;"u a:b}df, p;n] 5f]Psf] vfg]s'/f vf"b}df P8\; /f]u ;b}{g eGg] s'/f a'em\g'xf];\ .

P8\;/f]uLnfO{ s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <

P8\;/f]uLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ P8\; nfu]sf] s'/f 3/, kl/jf/ / ;dfhaf6 n'sfP/ a;]sf 5g\ . o;/L n's]/ a:g' x'"b}g, lsgeg] o;af6 c¿nfO{ /f]u ;g]{ ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . ;dfhn] s] eGnf gegLsg P8\;/f]uL;"Uf} ;fxf/f lnP/ a:g' /fd|f] x'G5 .

kfl/jfl/s hLjg s;/L rln/x]sf] 5 <

pxf" la/fdL x'"bf d x]/rfx u5'{, d la/fdL x'"bf pxf"n] d]/f] x]/rfx ug'{x'G5 . dnfO{ t s] nfU5 eg] xfdLh:tf] ;'vL bDktL sf]xL 5}g . pxf"sf] cl3Nnf] >LdtLsf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ cfk\mgf] 5f]/f5f]/L ;Dem]sf] 5' . pxf"af6 kfpg] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f kfPsL 5' . To;}n] drflx+ Psbd} ;'vL 5' .

clxn] tkfO{+x?sf] ;d:of s] 5 <

xfd|f] ;+:yfsf gfddf s]lx dflg;x?n] rGbf p7fP/ vfOlbg] u/]sfn] xfdL clxn] 7"nf] cfly{s b'/fj:yfjf6 u'lh|/x]sf 5f} . xfdLn] sf]7fef8f klg ltg{ ;s]sf 5}gf} .

— clZjgL sf]O/fnf