g]kfno\ em+uM k+l5to\u' cWoog

;+;f/o\ !%% kl/jf/ dWoo\ sl/a *^%) hftof em+uMt b' . plsO dWoo\ sl/a !) k|ltzt cyjf *$% hftof em+uM emLu' b];o\ g+ b' . emLu' b] :jofM ef/t t;s+ tMw+;f Oldyfo\ hDdf !@%) hftof hs em+uMt b' . cy] x] rLg g+ t;s+ tMw+;f+| !!*^ hftof hs em+uMt b' .

o'/f]ko\ g+ ^%) hftof hs em+uMt b' . cd]l/sf j Sofgf8f ofgfM hDdf &%) hftof hs em+uMt b' . emLu' b] t;s+ rLw+;f+ em+uMt :jo]ano\ emLyfo\ oSj em+uMt b' wfo]dfM .

emLu' b] g]kfM cfMts+ ;+;f/o\ u/La b] dWoo\ 5u" vM . ;g\ !(%)ofu' k|hftGq jo] Gx\oM emLu' b]zo\ /f]u, clzIff, u/LaL g+ oSj+ b' . pAno\ yg ljb]zLt g+ cfkfM b'dsfM . cy] h"u'ln+ emL;+ em+uMk+l5of af/] dxTj g+ dy", jf:tf g+ dofM . cn] ;'gfg+ em+uM k+l5of af/] cWoog ofMu' vg]db' . t/ Gxfkf /f0ffsflng Ono\ g]kfMldto\;+ 5Dx lgDx]:of+ tLt', av'+, jfp"eQ', Rofv'/f, kQ, Vjf"o\em+uM (Quail), u'"vf (Jungle fowl), b"o\rf (Robin Dayal) y]+HofMlk+ em+uMt nxLu' ofgfRj+, cn] Oldt NjfsfM cfgGb sfo]u', afhL to]u' ofMu' vg]b' . yHofMu' vf; ofgfM hfqf kj{o\ uy]ls hgaxfMBMof hfqf, a'+uBMof hfqf, s'df/L hfqf, 3f]8fhfqf j d]d]u' kj{o\ ofMu' ;Lb' . cfMts lt+VoMof 5rfMv]/+ jfp"eQ'+ dg"to\u' eljio wfo]u' ofgfRj+u' b' . t/ co\ wsfM emL;+ Gxfkf em+uMk+l5to\u' cWoog ofMu' vg]db' .

g]kfno\ em+uM k+l5to\u' bsno\ Gxfkf+ cWoog ofgfM ;km" cyjf em+uMk+l5of wnMkf} lksfMDx sg]{n 8An' h] ss{kfqLs vM . jo\sn+ ;g\ !&(# kfv] g]kfno\ lzsf/ ofo]u' em+uM uy]ls nMx"o\, k+l5of cWoog ofMu' ;Lb' . jof+ lnp ;g\ !*@) lg;]+ !*$# ts a|fOg x8;g wfMDx d]Dx c+u|]h+ g]kfM b]of em+uMk+l5of af/] oSj cWoog ofMu' vg]b' . jo\sn+ pano\ ^^% hftof em+uMk+l5to\u' wnMkf} bo]s"u' dWo] !@) hftof em+uMk+l5t lj1fgof IF]qo\ Gx"u' wsfM dfg] ofM . jof+ lnkf hf]g :snL wfMDx c+u|]h+ ;g\ !*&^ j !*&&of b'g] :jlguM b'g] Rj+lk+ oSj em+uMk+l5to\u' kl/l:yltof af/] cWoog ofMu' vg]b' . ;g\ !(!! lg;]+ !(!$ ts ca{6 :6]e]G;+ Onfdof dfO{ efnL wfMyfo\ em+uM k+l5of Rjo\ Sjo\ b]zfGt/ udg (Altitudinal migration) j Vo"o\ Yjo]sfM drf a'Os]u' af/] cWoog ofMu' vg]b' . ;g\ !(#% lg;]+ !(#* ts n]Ï6g]G6 sg]{n PkmPd a]Nn] wfMDx d]Dx c+u|]h+ g]kfM b]of ljleGg yf;o\ rfMlxnfM cWoog ofMu' vg]b' . jof+ Gx\oM ;'+ g+ ljb]zLto\;+ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf+ lkg] lkxf+ jgfM em+uM k+l5of cWoog ofMu' vg]db' . sf/0f Olk+ yg pkTosf afx]s d]yfo\ jg]db' . jof+ lnkf ;g\ !($& lg;]+ !($( ts cd]l/sfof 8f= 8Lng l/Kn]+ k"j{, klZrd j sf7df8f}+ pkTosfof em+uMt af+nfs cWoog ofMu' vg]b' . ;g\ !($*lg;]+ !(^! ts, l8h]/L k|fp8 wfMDx c+u|]h d]d;fx]a+ em+uMk+l5 cWoog ofgfM k|sflzt ofMu' b' . cg+lnkf cf]n]u kf]n'lgog, 8f= ljZjd]fo ljZjf;, 8f= jfN6/ sf]Nh, 8f= hL l8h]nx;{ wfMlk+ oSj:of+ emLu' b]of em+uMk+l5t cWoog ofgfM oSj k|sflzt ofMu' b' . t/ y'lk+ dWo] ;g\ !($( lg;]+ gLGofb" ts em+uMof cWoog ofgfM 8f= aa Ïn]ld¨ ;Llgo/ j jof sfo\ h'lgo/ j n}gl;+x jf+Ub]ngfk ldn] h'ofM g]kfMof em+uMof bsno\ Gxfkf+u' ;km" lksfMu' b' . j ;km" cfMts+ g]kfMof em+uMof cWoog ofo]t dxTjk"0f{ h" . Yjof+ lnkf a]nfotofDx do\h' Sof/f]n OG;sLk j jo\sMof efMt 6Ld OG;sLk+ g+ g]kfMof em+uMof af/] 5u" ;]NnfMu' ;km" lksfMu' b' . pls+ cfMts Yj ;Lb' ls emL g]kfMof em+uMk+l5of af/] ljb]zLto\;+ t;s+ Dxf] dg"to\;+ hs cWoog ofgfRj+u' b' . ljz]if ofgfM ko{6gof Aofkf/+ ofgfM Yj em+uMk+l5of cWoog ofo]u' afgL g+ a9] h'ofM jofRj+u' vg]b' . pls+ cfM g]kfMldto\;+ g+ y'sL oSj Wofg tofM cWoog dgg ofo]u' ofM . 5fo\wfM;f+ em+uMk+l5 k|s[ltof 5u" ;'rs lrGx vM .

;'/]z zfSo

zfSo hM lkygfkfv]+ lkb+u' +kn]xMÚ KonfkltO lkb+u' tfMxfsMu' Rj;'of 5u" c+z hs ;fef/ Nx\oofsofM Gx\oAjofu' –;+of]hs_

l;4 k'v'lnO lkml;¨

Vjkof P]ltxfl;s j wfld{s dxTj+ hfMu' l;4 k'v" yf}+sGxo\ :jlguMof lkml;¨ zf}lvgto\ nflu+ dgf]/+hgof bsno\ ;tLu' j pTs[i6 yfo\ h'ofRj+u' b' . cy]+ jfo]ToM km\jfo]ToM h'ofM xfMgfM dbofRj+u' Yj k'v" Vjk gu/kflnsf+ lh0ff]{4f/ ofgfM v'Nnf ofgfaLj+ :jlguMof Nofo\Dx Nof;]to\ nflu+ Yj 5u" bsno\ nf]s+JxfMu' ne:k6 h'ofAo"u' vM . cfM pu' k'v'lnO nlxgftMlk+ Gof cKjof jMu'ln+ plsoft Jojl:yt ofo]u' nflu+ Gof nfo]b'u' g+ ofgfaLj+ :jlguMof cfkfn+ dg"t lkml;¨of nflu+ cg jg]u' ofgfRj+u' b' .

cg lkml;¨ ofM jofRj+Dx o]" sMldnfl5of efh' /fh]Gb| tfd|fsf/+ yMu' alN5O tSogfRj+Dx Gof lnsfsf+ wofbL, Vjk gu/kflnsf+ Yj Joj:yf ofgfM lhlk+ y]+HofMlk+t cMk's dgf]/+hg r"nfsfAo"u' b' . t/ lkml;¨ /8 dufgfM tfpt lkofRjg]dfMu' wfM;f erf DxfOk';] Rj+ . cg lkml;¨ /8 dufMu'ln+ yMlk+;+ x] lkml;¨ /8 Hjgf jofu' v" o]"oflk+ efh'lk+ /fh' gflkt, afa'/fhf dxh{g j ;'af]w dfgGw/+ sgflbn .

cg Gof nfMjOlk+ cKjM ofgfM Gx"lk+ j lkml;¨ af/] d:o"lk+ b' . u'ls+ ofgfM z'?–z'?O l;a]+ cfM Gof nfo]t yfs'ofRj+u' v" cg'ejL efh' x]dGt zfSo+ sgfbL . Gof 5SjM alN5O SogfM g+ ar] h'ofjg wfM;f j+ lnkf xfg+ alN5O Rj+u' g;f gMjOdv' . u'ls+ ofgfM lnkf Gof nfo] yfs'O efh' zfSo+ sgfbL .

Gof nfgfM Gx\oOk's]t cg u'lnv] dg"t yM kl/jf/ ;lxt x] jofRj+lk+ g+ b'u' h'ofRjg .

yg Gof nfo]ano\ 5Sjn+ ttMlwsMlk+ Gof g+ nfo]oM . yDx+ nfgfDx Gof yDx+ x] Gofgf o+s]dfMu' Joj:yf ofgftMu' b' . pls+ uAn] u'ln tMlwsMDx Gof nfO wfo] dkmOu' h"u'ln+ Gof nfo] Gx\oM x] k|lt s]=hL= !@%÷– tsfof b/+ Gofu" s]=hL=of ^@%÷– tsf bf+ Gxfkf x] w/f}6L to]dfMu' Joj:yf g+ ofgftMu' b' . yy] ofo]ano\ uAn]+ uAn]+ w/f}6L :jof+ g+ tMlwsMDx Gof alN5O SogfM Gof nfODx]l;t cfkt h'Ou' 36gf gfk+ h" .

k'v'lnO lkml;¨ ofgfM cfkfn+ dg"to\;+ Gx\oOk'sf Rj+;f+ k'tnL ;tsof do\h' ;xgfh afg' wfM;f k'v'lnO nlxgftMlk+ Gof :ofo]u' Yj Hof vgfM b'Mlvt h'ofbLu' b' . Yj Hof+ ofgfM pu' k'v" hMvMof jftfj/0f gfk+ czfGt h'ofRj+u' larfM jo\sn+ Kj+sfbL .

ljdnf dfgGw/

lkmNd lx6 ofo]u' kmd"{nf

lkmNd l/lnh h'O . lkmNd lx6 h'O . lkmNd k\mnk h'O . Yj lkmNd ahf/o\ lGxoflGxy+ wofy]+ h'of RjgLu' 36gf vM . ahf/o\ lkxf+ jOu' bSj+ lkmNd lx6 x] h'O wofu' db' . Dxf] hs lkmNd lx6 lkmNdof wnvo\ nfO . yy] lx6 lkmNdof wnvo\ nfMu' lkmNd+ s3fgftMu' ljifooft lkmNd lx6 h'Os]t dfMu' ækmd"{nfÆ wsfM efMlkofM cHofMu' x] ljifo ln;] HjMnfMu' d]d]u' g+ cfkfn+ lkmNd wdfwd lkxf+ jO .

g]kfnL lkmNdL Vono\ æn]l8h ;]G6Ld]G6nÆ -ld:to\u' g'uM ;fn] km'u'_oft lx6 kmd"{nf sy+ sfo]u' ofgftMu' b' . Yj kmd'{nf ædfOtL3/Æ lg;]+ Gx\ofgfM æl;Gb"/Æ, …hLjg /]vfÚ, h'h'+ jof cfM …bk{0f 5f"ofÚ, …a'xf/LÚ ts+ Gx\ofgfRj+u' x] blg . yy] n]l8h ;]G6Ld]G6n HjgftMu' lkmNd+ af+nfMu' ag]Hof ofMu' nf vg]b', t/ yHofMu' bSj+ lkmNdof ag]Hof tfMnfO x] wOu' g+ ;To dv' . …dg d]/f] dfGb}gÚ, …dfntLÚ, …OHhtÚ, …uf}+ynLÚ cflb y]+HofMu' lkmNd ld:to\u' g'uM Sjf;fo]s] dfMu' bSj+ xn+Hjn+ HjgftMu' h'n+ g+ lx6 lkmNdof wnvo\ dnfM . cy] h";f+ g]kfnL lkmNdsMldto\u' lg+lt+ n]l8h ;]G6Ld]G6n Gx\ofAn]+ Gx\oMg] nfgfRj+u' kmd"{nf vM .

n]l8h ;]lG6d]G6 w'+sfM g]kfnL lkmNdo\ d:to\t 5\onfM …rfO{N8 ;]G6Ld]G6Ú Tofs]u' s'tM g+ 5u" lx6 kmd"{nf sy+ x] Gx\ofgfRj+u' b' . vo\tnf rfON8 ;]G6Ld]G6 g+ n]l8h ;]G6Ld]G6of x] 5u" c+z
vM . g]kfnL lkmNdo\ drf kfqoft b'Mv si6 laofM ld:to\u' ldvfo\ Vjla hfo]s] laOu' s'tM h'ofRj+u' b' . lxGbL lkmNdof Vono\ …bf] slnof"Ú yHofMu' x] 5u" t;s+ nf]s+x\jfMu' lkmNd vM . g]kfnL lkmNdo\ …g]kfnL afa'Ú lkmNd+ rfO{N8 ;]G6Ld]G6oft kmd"{nf sy+ gfnfsfo]u' Hof h"u' vM . Yj x] lkmNd+ hGd h"Dx afn snfsf/ ;nf]g a:g]toft yf}+sGxo\ …rfO{N8 ;'k/ :6f/Ú softMu' b' . …cgdf]nÚ, …;Gtfgsf] dfofÚ, …k"l0f{dfÚ cfbL y]+HofMu' 5'+ 5'+ lkmNd drf kfqoft x] Wofgo\ tofM bo]sftMu' lkmNd vM . y'lk+ lkmNd ofsg+ x] lkn" jo]u' e\mjno\ nfgfRj+u' b' .

ysflnDx lgb{]zs k|sfz yfkf+ lg;]+ yf}+sGxo\ …ld8f; 6rÚ -Nxflt+ lynls n'" ofODx_ lgb{]zs wsfM woftMDx lzj /]UdL tsof b'g] bSj+ x] wof y]+ lgb{]zsto\;+ yMu' Sof/Lo/o\ ld:to\u' g'uMoft x] Wofgo\ tofM lkmNd bo]sf jofRj+u' b' . yf}+sGxo\ lzj /]UdL+ yMu' lkmNdo\ 5]"of ;DklQof x'lg+ ld;f kfq+ b'Mv l;OdfMu' ljifooft kmd"{nf sy+ 5\onf xofRj+u' b' . lzj /]UdLof Gxfkf+u' lkmNd …cfkmGtÚ 5u" TjMtfM d]u' …P d]/f] xh'/Ú j cfk\mgf] dfG5]Ú lgu'ln+ g+ ;DklQof x'lg+ b'Mv l;OdfMDx ld;f kfqoft Gx\oAjoftMu' b' . cfM jOu' lzj /]UdLof lgu" Gx"u' lkmNd …;'v b'MvÚ j …pkxf/Ú g+ yHofMu' x] lyd HjgfM bo]sftMu' lkmNd vM wofu' v" lkxf+ jMu' b' . cy] h"u'ln+ yf}+sGxo\ ;DklQof x'lg+ ld;f kfq+ b'Mv l;Ou' afv+ jf ljifooft …lzj /]UdL kmd"{nfÚ wsfM g+ wfo]u' ofgfxMu' b' .

…nf]le kfkLÚ, …s] 3/ s] 8]/fÚ, …lkmnLdÚ y]+HofMu' lkmNd dbgs[i0f j xl/j+z crfo{of x'lg+ hs nf]s+ x\jfMu' vM . g]kfno\ xf:ooft lx6 kmd"{nf wsfM gfnf sfOlk+ cfM g+ pln db'lg . Yj :j+u'ln+ xf:o lkmNd t;s+ af+nfs ag]Hof ofo]t ;kmn h"u' lkmNd dv'u'ln+ ofgfM g+ sd]l8oft lx6 kmd"{nf sy+ gfnfdsfMu' vo]km' . …3'D6f]Ú, …u'?r]nfÚ, …xfp8]Ú j …a'xf/LÚ y]+HofMu' 5u" lgu" lkmNd+ sd]l8oft yMu' lkmNdo\ b'Yofs"u' b';f …a'xf/LÚ lkmNdo\ sd]l8 gfkgfk+ n]l8h ;]G6Ld]G6oft x] cKjM wofy]+ yfo\ laoftMu' b'. sd]8Loft hs lkmNd lx6 ofo]t en;f sfo\axu' lyd dv' wofu' v" y'ls+ SogfRj+u' b' . cfM ofsg+ x] lkn" jo]To+u' …cf"vf nf]le dg kfkLÚ lkmNd g+ xf:o k|wfg lkmNd vM;f+ 5u" lj:s+ x] sy+of ;]G6Ld]G6 HjgftMu' lkmNd h'ofM lkxf+ jo]To+u' b' . g]kfno\ hs dv', ef/t jf xlnp8o\ g+ kmd"{nfjfbof hfno\ tSogfM lkmNd bo]s]u' rng Gx\ofgf+ t'+ Rj+u' b', Gx\ofgf+ t'+ RjgL . t/ …cfGbf]ngÚ, …cfdL{Ú, …cft+sjfbLÚ, …zlxbu]6Ú, …qmflGtÚ y]+HofMu' ;+j]bgzLn gf+ 5'gfM :jo] x] lxl; dbOsy+ofu' Aofj;flos lkmNd bo]s]u' Hof wfM;f yg g]kfno\ hs h'ofRj+u' b' . g]kfnL lkmNd Vono\ cfM ofsg+ x] …b]zb|f]xLÚ j …ljb|f]xLÚ gf+ 5'gfM gf+of b'?kof]u ofgftMu' lkmNd lkxf+ jo]To+u' b' .

…bk{0f 5f"ofÚ lkmNd …kmfO6 dt;]+ g+ lx6 h"ano\ …chDa/L dfofÚ cflb y]+HofMu' lkmNd kmfO6 dt;] bo]s"u' vg]b' . pln hs dv;] Yj lgu'ln+ lkmNdo\ lx/f]Og Njr+ sofM ;Lu' SogftMu'ln+ lnkf …a'xf/LÚ, …d':sfgÚ cflb y]+HofMu' 5u" lgu" lkmNdo\ g+ lx/f]Ogoft Njr+ so]sfM :ofgfM SogftMu' b' . yy] lx/f]Og Njr+ sofM ;Lu' bSj+ wofy]+ lkmNd lx6 h"u'ln+ cfM yy] lx/f]Og ;Lu' UjMu" lkmNd lkxf+ jOu' vM < j nf :jo] x] No+blg .

ljho/Tg c;+a/]

SECOND-PAGE | THIRD-PAGE