5Dx km/s cd]l/sL

b" Gx\oM h"u' cd]l/sL /fi6«klt lgjf{rgo\ pAn]of xlnp8 :6f/ /f]gfN8 /]ugkfv+] af+dnfs k/flht h'Oj+ oSjl;+ larfM ofMu' vM, 8]df]q\mof6 lhDdL sf6{/ g+ d]lk+ y]+ x] cfM ug vM ug h'Os tgfjgL . pAn] g]kfnL 5fkfo\ sf6{/oft sofM 5u" Voflns'+ ts+ lkxf+ jMu' vM, o]"of nudo\ 5Dx x\jfHoMDx dg" b'u' h'ofRjg, jof gf+ x] Sjfqf . ;sl;g+ joft dfof+ lhdL Sjfqf wsfM ;MtLu' h'ofRjg . sfnfGt/o\ j dg" cd]l/sfo\ jg cn] lhDdL sf6{/ h'n .

/]ugkfv+]] lgjf{rgo\ a'Oj+ cd]l/sL 5fkf+ g+ 5'+ O{ ts sf6{/oft x]afo\rafo\ ofgf jofRj+u' vM . cd]l/sL /fi6«kltt dWo] sf6{/oft bsno\ sdhf]/ sy+ sfo]u' g+ ofM . oSj cd]l/sLto\ ljrfM b', sf6{/ofs] cd]l/sL /fi6«klt h'Ou' cfsif{s AolQmŒj x] db' . sf6{/of /fhgLlts ktggfk+ 8]df]q]ml6s kf6L{oft cd]l/sL ;Qf ts Yog]t lan lSnG6g ts lkOdfn . leotgfd o'4, jf6/u]6 sf08 cn] pAn] cd]l/sLto\ by'O AofKt h'ofRj+u' 3f]/ lg/fzfof sl7g Ono\ /fi6«klt h"Dx sf6{/oft cd]l/sL Oltxf;+ u'An]+ x] dxfgfos sy+ :jo]u' dofM .

t/ sf6{/ a"u' x] cd]l/sf+ lkg]oflk+ dg"to\ lglt+ vM, j+ cd]l/sLto\ lglt+ pln dofM h'O u'ln cd]l/sf+ lkg] Rj+lkGt oft . jf:tjo\ sf6{/ 5Dx km/s cd]l/sL vM, u'Dx]l;t gsltlg x] gf]an zflGt l;/kfM kfv]+ 5fo\Ko"u' b' . sd hs Gjjfo] Gx\ofMDx sf6{/ x\jfO6 xfp;o\ RjgfRj"Qn] cd]l/sLto\ lglt+ vf; ;kmn dh";f+ jof+ lnkf ljZjGo+s+ zflGt j dfgjtfof efjgf Ajn+s]t j 5' oft, psLof x] lrlsrf+ w+u' sb/ joft Ao"u' y'u';Lof gf]an zflGt l;/kfM vM . cn] yf}sGx\o ljZjGo+s cft+sjfblj?4of o'4of gfdo\ cd]l/sf+ ofgfjofRj+u' ofsMlrof cleofgoft sofM cfnf]rgf Aofks h'ofjofRj+u' Ono\ x] sf6{/oft gf]an zflGt l;/kfM Ao"u' 5u" ;+of]u g+ h'ofAo"u' b' . gf]an l;/kfM u'lyoft cd]l/sf j klZrdL b]kfv] ;ltgfM l;/kfM SjM5Lu' cf/f]k g+ nfo]u' ofM t/ Yj kfno\ wfM;f cd]l/sf+ O/fs lj?4 sof jofRj+u' c8fgof lj/f]w sy+ g+ cd]l/sfo\ b'g] Rj+Dx dg"oft x] l;/kfM aLu' cf"6 ofMu' vg]b' .

l;/kfMof lglt+ dgf]gog h"lk+ ;lR5 j %^ dWo] cd]l/sfof #( Dx /fi6«kltoft yLyL cGt/f{li6«o åGåof cGTo gfk+ k|hftGq j dfgjflwsf/of kIfo\ bzs+lg;]+ cgj/t s'tM ofgf jofRj+u' jfkt l;/kfM aLu' SjM5\o"u' gf]an l;/kfM sldlt+ woftMu' b' . sldlt+ sf6{/oft Rj5f;]+ woftMu' b', …sf6{/ dWo:ytf j cGt/f{li6«o Ujfxfln+ åGå Ho+s]t :jODx vM .Ú

Gxo\b" ts cd]l/sL ;]gfo\ Hof ofgfM hlh{ofof kfl/jfl/s Aoj;fo Gx\ofs]t lnxf+ jDx NofoDxDx h]D; pn{ sf6{/ h'lgo/oft zflGt j ;befjof n"k'O Gx\ofs"Dx jof df+ lnlng vM . ;g\ aL;of bzskfv] jof df+d+ /+ue]b gLltof lj/f]w of;]+ 5Dx g;{of Nofv+ u/Lj xflk+ ld:to\u' ;]jf ofMu' vM . gf]a]n l;/kfM nfo]j+ sf6{/oft jt{dfg cd]l/sL /fi6«klg hh{ a';of O/fsk|ltof gLltoft sofM kqsf/to\;+ Go+ano\ j+ ln;M Ao"u' vM, …k|To]s o'4 Gx\oM ;dfwfgof bSj++ n'vf rfo]sflaOdfM .Ú

;g\ !(&& o\ /fi6«klt h"Dx sf6{/of zf;g O{ u'An]+ cMk' dh" . psLof blR5 Gx\oM hs 6fOd klqsf+ joft hf]g Pkm s]g]8L w'+sfM d]Dx k|efjzfnL dg" h'O wofu' ljZn]if0fof cfwf/+ jif{of dg" 3f]if0ff ofMu' vM t/ /fi6«klt h'Oj+ O/fgo\ O:nflds qmflGtsf/Lto\;+ t]x/fgo\ Rj+u' cd]l/sL /fhb'tfjf;o\ sAhf ofgfM cg Rj+lkGt aGbL bo]sn . sf6{/ pu' ;d:of ;dfwfg ofo]t cflv/ c;kmn x] h'n . cog+ jofu' Kob"of sfo{sfnof bsno\ tMw+u' pknlAw wofu' cd]l/sL dWo:ytstf{o\ h"u' ax'rlr{t …SofDk–8]lj8Ú ;Demf}tf vM .

jf:tjo\ lgu" lj/f]wL b] h";f+ Oh/fonof d]gr]d a]lhg j OlhK6of cgj/ ;fbftofby'O zflGt ;Demf}tf ;Dej h'Oj+ sf6{/ ljZj zflGtof lglt+ c6'6 s'tM ofgfRjg]t k|]l/t h"u' vM . cGt/f{li6«o ba'lnO sf6{/ Gx\ofSj x] ;kmn h";f+ j 3/]n' /fhgLltO yMt sdhf]/ dg"of 5lj x'Ot u'An] ;kmn dh" cn] ;g\ !(*) O /]ugkfv+] af"dnfs a'sfRjg . x\jfO6 xfp TjMt"ano\ x] sf6{/ %^ b" bo]w'+s"u' vM, cog+ j+ ;fdflhs Gofoof lglt+ Njfgf t'+ Rjg]u' OR5f Kj+sn cn] ;g\ !(*@ O P6nfG6fo\ yMu' x] gfdo\ …sf6{/ ;]G6/Ú rfo]sn .

;g\ !(($ o\ pQ/ sf]l/ofof uf]Ko cf0fljs xltof/of pTkfbgoft sofM Koªofª, ;f]n j jfl;ª6g b'yO tgfj h'Oj+ sf6{/ :tflng O{of pQ/ sf]l/ofo\ Yog . cg j+ tfTsflng pQ/ sf]l/ofof /fi6«klt lsd On ;'ªoft blIf0f sf]l/ofln;] aftf{ ofo]t tof/ ofMu' vM . sf]l/of+ lnxf+ jMu' 5jfM lnkf x] sf6{/ clk|msfof e|d0fo\ jg . j+ Gxfkfnfs nfOa]l/ofo\ Gx\ofgfRj+u' u[xo'4 lbs]t tMw+u' e"ldsf lDxtfM 3fgfof cf"sf/o\ cgof :j+u" k/:k/ lj/f]wL k'rM by'O zflGt ;Demf}tf ofsn . j+ Yj x] Hof ;f]dflnof j Oyf]lkofo\ g+ oft .

;g\ !((# O cd]l/sf+ xfO6L ;}lgs cfqmd0f ofo]k'mu' ;Defjgfoft yMu' AolQmut s'tn+ ;dfKt oft . ;f/foef] e|d0fof e\mjno\ sf6{/of kxno\ ;g\ !((% o\ cg o'4lj/fd h'n;f clk|msL b] ;'8fgo\ Gx\ofgf Rj+u' u[xo'4oft lbs]t Tofg' drf;] s'tM ofgfRjg . Yj x] Ono\ sf6{/ nuftf/ lgb" ts clk|msfo\ RjgfM x't' hfltof z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg oft . jof g]t[Tjo\ d]lS;sf], k]?, lgsf/fu'jf, e]g]h'onf j O:6 l6df]/o\ :jtGq, P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rg g+ ;Dej h"u' vM;f yu'g] ltlg dfgjclwsf/ axfnLof lglt+ So'jfof e|d0f of;]+ cgof /fi6«klt lkm8]n sf:qf]oft gfknft .

gf]an l;/kfM @))@of d]lk+ ljh]tft

8fOgfdfO6 j lhn]l6gof cflj:sf/ :jL8]gL a}1flgs cNk|m]8 gf]an+ :yfkgf ofgf ys"u' gf]an l;/kfM ;g\ !()! lg;+] laofjofRj+u' vM . Gxfkf Gofu" lawfo\ l;/kfM laofjofRj+u'nL ;g\ !(^( lg;+] cy{zf:q 5u" lawfo\ g+ l;/kfM aLu' ;'? h"u' vM . Yj kfno\ 3f]lift v'u" lawfo\ v'Dx cd]l/sL, lgDx a]nfotL j hfkfgL, 5Dx x+u]/L, :jL6\h/Nof8 j Oh/fonL+ l;/kfM Tofs"u' b' .

ef}lts lj1fgkfv] cd]l/sfof /]dG8 8]lj; h'lgo/, hfkfgof df;ftf];L sf]lzaf j cd]l/sfof l/sf8f]{ lhofsf]gLoft cGtl/If lj1fgo\ sl:ds PS;–/]of ;|f]t n'OsfM plsof pkof]lu af/] cWotfgofMu' jfkt l;/kfM Ao"u vM . /;fogzf:qkfv] gf]an l;/kfMof lglt+ Dof8sfp j SofG;/ y]+ hfMu' 3fts Njoof pkrf/of lglt+ /f;folgs hLjzf:qoft zlQmzfnL 9+u 5\o+u'ln+ cd]l/sfof hf]g k]mg, hfkfgof sf]OrL tfgfsf j :jL6\h/NofG8of s'6{ a'Ply|roft NoMu' vM .

lrls:;fzf:qkfv] gf]an l;/kfM Tofs"lk+ a]nfotof l;8\gL a|]g/, cd]l/sfof /f]a6{ xf]/le6\h j a]nfotdf hf]g ;'N;g+ dg"of h}ljs sf]ifof ljsf;ofaf/] cWoog ofMu' vM . ;flxTokfv] gf]an l;/kfM Tofs"Dx x+u]/Lof &@ Od|] s6{hL gflh bdg by'O Ajn+gfM ;flxTo l;h{gf ofMDx vM . j+ ;flxToof Ujfxfln+ Oltxf;of s|'/ clglZrttf lj?4 dg"of ;+j]bgzLntfoft Gx\oAjMu' vM .

Oh/fonof 8\oflgon sfgDofg j cd]l/sfof eg{g l:dyoft clglZrttfo\ pkef]Qmfof Aojxf/ j ahf/o\ 5gf}6of ljlw af/] cWoogofMu' jfkt gf]an l;/kfM aLu' 3f]if0ff h"u' vM .

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