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ljljw

;fdflhs ;'wf/ P]gM ;/sf/L OR5fzlQmsf] vf]hLdf

j;Gt l/dfn

nueu 8]9 dlxgfsf] cGt/fndf jt{dfg ;/sf/sf b'O{ jl/i7 dGqLsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ;DkGg eof] . pBf]udGqL cf]dsf/ >]i7n] cfkm\gL ;'k'qLsf] ljjfxsf nflu lsgd]n ug{ dbg cdfTo gfd u/]sf Pshgf JolQmnfO{ l;+ufk'/ k7fpg' eof] . otf ljjfxsf] lgdGq0ff—kq dfq bzxhf/ 5flkP . Psk|ltsf] sDtLdf klg %) ?k}+of kg]{ . ;'g—rf“bL / 5f]/LnfO{ :j]R5fn] lbg] bfOhf]sf] s'/f cfkm\gf] 7fp“df 5 . dGqL >]i7n] /fhwfgLsf] dWoefudf cjl:yt dx]Gb| k'ln; Snjdf lgs} eJo ef]hsf] cfof]hgf ug'{eof] . g]jf/L k/Dk/fsf ef]hx? rflx+ pxf“sf] lgjf; nlntk'/df eP .

csf]{ ljjfxsf] k|;+u rflx+ gful/s p8\8og tyf ko{6g dGqL ljhos'df/ uR5]bf/sf 5f]/fsf] xf] . dGqL uR5]bf/n] 5f]/fsf] ljjfxsf] pknIodf cfkm\g} lgjf{rg If]qdf bz lbg;Dd ef]hsf] cfof]hgf ug'{eof] . ljjfxsf] tfdemfd / eJo ef]h b]Vg]x? eG5g\, dGqL uR5]bf/n] ef]hdf dfq %) nfveGbf a9L vlr{g'eof] . ;du| ljjfxsf] vr{ t cg'dfgeGbf aflx/ 5 .

o;} ;"rLdf gfd /fv]/ x]bf{ tTsfnLg dfn] dGqL /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLsf ;'k'qsf] ljjfxb]lv lnP/ k|zf;goGqsf] jl/i7 txdf k'u]sf s'g} klg clws[tsf ;Gtfgsf] ljx]jf/LnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .

dGqL tyf pRrkb:yx? d'n'ssf] sfg"g sfof{Gjogsf dxTjk"0f{ kIf x'g\ . t/ ltg} kIfaf6 cfkm\gf] kl/jf/n] ug]{ ;fdflhs sd{x?df sfg"gsf] pNn+3g x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

ljjfx a|taGw, r"8f—sd{, kf:gL, Gjf/fg, hGdlbj;, 5}6L / lkt[ sfo{df k|lt:kwf{ / kmh"n vr{ x'g glbO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ p2]Zo af]s]/ ;fdflhs ;'wf/ P]g, @)## cfPsf] lyof] . P]gsf] k|:tfjgfdf æ;fdflhs Jojxf/df eO/x]sf] a9\bf] k|lt:kwf{Tds e8s / kmh"n vr{df lgoGq0f u/L ;'wf/ ug{ af~5gLo ePsf]“ s'/f pNn]v 5 .

g]kfndf ;j{k|yd zfSo leIf'x?sf] Jojxf/ ubf{ kf:gL, r"8f—sd{x?df ef]h v'jfp“bf w]/} vr{ x'g] x'“bf Jojxf/ rnfpg g;s]sf] Joxf]/f tTsfnLg ;/sf/df hfgsf/L u/fO“bf Jojxf/ ;/n / sd vlr{nf] t'Nofpg lj=;+= !((! ;fn / a|fDx0f, wf}efh', If]qL / >]i7 hftx?sf] ljjfx a|taGw ;d]tdf a9L vr{ x'g]x'“bf Jojxf/ 5f]6\ofO{ sd vr{ ug{ lj=;+= !((# ;fn ebf} ! ut] / ToxL ;fn c;f]h !% ut] æOlZtxf/“ hf/L ePsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg ;dodf tL ;d'bfodf of] Ol:txf/ nf]slk|o klg eof] . t/ s]xL bzs kl5 g} ;fdflhs Jojxf/df ltns bfOhf], hGtL, ljjfx—ef]h h:tf k|lt:kwf{Tds t8s—e8s / kmh"n vr{ a9\g uO{ ju{—lje]b eof] . ;Lldt wgL ju{ afx]s c? lgw{g / lgDg ju{df o;k|sf/sf] Jojxf/ rnfpg sl7g x'guPsf] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL km]l/ ;fdflhs ;'wf/ P]g, @)## th'{df ul/of] .

k+rfotsfndf P]g cfPsf] a]nf ;'?—;'?df v'nf ?kdf ef]het]/ ug{ dflg;x? 8/fpg' kb{Yof] . 7"nf] ef]h ug'{kbf{ xKtflbge/L 7fp“ km]/L k|zf;gsf k5fl8 a;]/ ug]{ klg ul/GYof] . ljjfxsf] 3/df a9L /demd u/L vrf{n' kf/f b]lvPdf k|x/L k|zf;gn] ljz]if lgu/fgL /fv]sf] kfOGYof] oBlk kx'“rjfnfeGbf aflx/sfx?df dfq of] lgod nfu" x'GYof] . k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf k5fl8 g} of] rng la:tf/} x/fP/ uof] . clwjQmf j;Gt/fd e08f/L eGg'x'G5— æP]g ;fdlos ePklg xfd|f] ;f]rfOdf /x]sf] cf8Dj/Lkg / kfl/jfl/s vr{df a9L vr{ ug]{nfO{ dfGotf lbg] k/Dk/fn] klg of] ;d:of gof“ 9+un] a9\of] .Æ

lsg sfof{Gjog ePg <

;dfhdf a9\b} uPsf] cf8Dj/ / To;nfO{ 5/l5d]sLn] k5\ofpg] sfd lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs Jojxf/df c;fdfGo 36gf klg 36g] ub{5g\ . ;a} If]qdf x'g] cgfjZos kmh"n vr{nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L ;fbuL ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk P]gn] /fv]sf] 5 . kmh"n vr{ / cf8Dj/sf] ljs[ltn] l;ls:t kf/]sf] ;dfhnfO{ P]gn] 5'g g;s]sf] cj:yfk|lt O+lut ub}{ sfg"gljb\ ;'efif g]Djfª eGg'x'G5— ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 /fd|f];“u sfg"g kl/rfng gePsf] x'gfn] g} of] dfGo x'g g;s]sf] x'g;S5 . æsfg"g agfP/ dfq nfu" x'g ;Sb}g ;kmn sfof{Gjog x'gsf] nflu o;sf k"jf{wf/x?sf] klg ljsf; x'g'kb{5“ g]Djfªsf] 7x/ 5— æsfg"gsf] ;fdfGo l;4fGt cg';f/ sfg"gn] ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ xf]Og sL ;dfhsf] k5fl8 sfg"g x'g'kb{5 . t/ clxn]sf] abln+bf] kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf of] dfGotfaf6 dfq ;dfwfg x'g;Sb}g .® ;dfhdf gful/sn] u|x0f ug{;Sg] sfg"g dfq nfu" x'g;S5g\ cGoyf cJofjxfl/s sfg"g ePdf kfngf u/fpg ;ls+b}g . clwjQmf o'j/fh ;+u|f}nf eGg'x'G5— æP]gn] /fd|f] / g/fd|f] b'a} kIfnfO{ Ps}rf]6L c+ufn]sf] 5 . ljjfx, a|taGw h:tf ;fdflhs sfo{df a9L cf8Dj/o'Qm sfdnfO{ b'?T;fxg kfg'{ kg]{ P]gsf] cfzo /fd|f] 5 . t/ dflg; dbf{, b'Mv kbf{ zf]s lj;fpg klg o;n] aGwg nufpg] cj:yf b]lvG5 . clxn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf Pp6f gj wgf9\o ju{sf] pbo ePsf] 5 . h'g ju{sf] k};f nufgL ug]{ 7fp“ 5}g / pgLx?n] k};f s]jn dxn agfpg] / cf8Dj/ sfod ug{sf nflu dfq vr{ x'G5 Tof] ;fbuLk"0f{ ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu 3fts x'G5, h'g ;d:of xfdLn] ef]lu/x]sf 5f} clwjQmf ;+u|f}nf eGg'x'G5 .

;fj{hlgs kbdf a:g] JolQmn] ug]{ cgfjZos vr{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ xf] eg] of] ;d:of la:tf/} cfkm}+ ;dfwfg x'g;S5 . ;dfhdf x'g] c;fdfGo Jojxf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu sfg"g agfOG5 . /, o;nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo k|efjsf/L x'g'kb{5 . sfg"g pNn3+g ug]{nfO{ ;hfo lbg ;Sg'kb{5, b08 ug{ ;lsPg eg] To;nfO{ dflg;n] dfGg 5f]8\5g\ / sfg"gsf] s'g} dxTj /x“b}g . l5d]sLn] ug]{ vr{ hlt cfkm"n] ug{ ;lsPg eg] ;dfhsf] x]/fO{df tn kl/g] xf] sL eGg] ;f]rfOn] g;sL—g;sL C0f wg u/]/ Jojxf/ ul/g'kg]{ cj:yf xfd|f] cufl8 /x]sf] 5 . sfg"g nfu" ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ædlg6l/ª“ ug]{ ;+oGqsf] cefjn] ubf{ klg of] nfu" gePsf] xf], g]kfn sfg"g ;'wf/ cfof]usf ;lrj ljgf]bs'df/ b]jsf]6f eGg'x'G5— of] P]g sfof{Gjog ug]{ kIf k|zf;g / k|x/LnfO{ rgfvf] agfP/ sfd u/fpg] OR5fzlQm ;/sf/;“u ePdf sfg"g kfngf ug{ nufpg ;lsG5 .Æ

hufpg ;ls+b}g

e|i6frf/n] cfh b]z / ;dfhnfO{ cfqmfGt agfPsf] 5 . kb / k|lti7f cfh{g u/]sf s]xL ;Lldt JolQmx?sf] cf8Dj/L cfr/0f / To;nfO{ k"/f ug'{kg]{ afWotfn] klg e|i6frf/ df}nfO/x]sf] cg'e"lt ;a}nfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;dfhnfO{ ;'wf/]/ cufl8 a9fpg' ;a} gful/ssf] bfloTj x'G5 . t8se8s / cf8Dj/nfO{ lgd"{n gu/];Dd ;dfhsf] ljsf; ug{ g;lsg] s'/fnfO{ dggu/L o:tf s'/fnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{k5{ egL NofOPsf] ;fdflhs ;'wf/ P]g clxn] d[t cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ k'g{lhljt u/]/ Jojxf/df nfu" u/fpg ;lsg] cj:yfsf jf/]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|jQmf sfzL/fh bfxfn eGg'x'G5— æP]g nfu" x'g'k5{ eg]/ cbfntdf k/]sf] d'2fdf $ dlxgf cufl8 sfof{Gjog ug'{ u/fpg" egL Gofofnon] u[xdGqfnonfO{ cfb]z u/]sf] lyof] . t/ Jojxf/df nfu" x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lgodtM ljs[lt / lj;+ultnfO{ lgd"n{ kfg{ /fHon] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] sfd gePdf zlQmsf] k|of]u u/]/ klg kfngf ug{ nufpg' kb{5 .® xfdLsxf“ clxn] sfg"g nfu" ug]{ ;+oGqsf] pbfl;gtfsf] sf/0faf6 of] ;Dej x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sfg"g sfof{Gjog ug]{ kbdf a;]sf dflg;x?af6 g} of] lgodsf] a9L pNn+3g ePsf] kfOG5 . kbdf a:g]n] dfq OR5f hfx]/ ug]{ xf] eg] klg o;df w]/} k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg ;lsg] s'/fdf k|jQmf bfxfn ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 .        

cf]vn9'+ufdf afns ckxl/t

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

cf]vn9'+uf . e"ldut g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f ;~rflnt æhgo'4“sf] kf“rf}+ jif{uf“7sf] cj;/ kf/L dfcf]jfbLn] !# jifL{o :s"n] afns pQdk|;fb l3ld/] ut kmfu'g $ ut] ckx/0f u/L a]kQf agfOPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] ckxl/t afns cfkm\gf] sAhfdf /x]sf] :jLsf/f]lQm klg glbg'n] pgsf] kl/jf/ emg} ddf{xt ePsf] 5 .

ckxl/t 5f]/fsf] cQf]kQf] gkfPkl5 ckxl/t afnssL cfdfn] cfTdxTof ug]{ sf]l;; u/]sf] l5d]sLx? atfp“5g\ . pgL clxn] l5d]sLx?sf] lgu/fgLdf /x]sL 5g\ eg] afnssf lktf d]3gfy l3ld/]nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ;Defljt cfqmd0faf6 hf]lug lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, cf]vn9'+ufn] ;r]t u/fPsf] 5 . d]3gfy l3ld/] sf+u|]; ;dly{t lzIfs ;+3sf ;b:o x'g\ .

ckxl/t afns pQdsf] vf]hL ug]{ sfo{ Jofks ?kdf e}/x]sf] s'/f k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k|]dgf/fo0f zdf{n] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg'eof] . k|lhc zdf{sf cg';f/, ckxl/t afns vf]Hg] sfo{ ckx/0fsf] ef]lnkN6}b]lv ;'? ePsf] xf] . /, z+sf:kb JolQmx?nfO{ k|x/Ln] lx/f;tdf lnO{ ;f]wk'5 ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . æckxl/t afns ;s'zn km]nf kfg{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdL cfzfjfbL 5fÆ— k|lhc zdf{n] eGg'eof] .

ckxl/t afnssf afa' d]3gfy l3ld/]sf cg';f/, kmfu'g $ ut] ;f“em l5d]sL ufp“ lanGb'—^ kfTn]sf] lrqs'df/ rf}/]n gfds s]6fn] 5f]/f] pQdnfO{ e]6L lr7\7L lbPsf] lyof] . l3ld/] eG5g\— æTof] s]6fn] d 3/wGbfdf h'6]sf] a]nf yfx} gkfO{ 5f]/f]nfO{ a]kQf agfof] . tTsfn vf]hL ubf{ klg sxL+ klg e]l6Pg .®

lr7\7L lnP/ hfg] rf}/]nn] clxn];Dd b'ljwfhgs s'/f u/]sf] l5d]sLx? atfp“5g\ . rf}/]nnfO{ k|x/Ln] lx/f;tdf lnP/ cfjZos 5fgljg ul//x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] 5f]/f]nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm"lt/ cfslif{t u/L kmsfP/ nu]sf] x'g;Sg] s'/fnfO{ d]3gfy 7f8} OGsf/ u5{g\ . pgL eG5g\— æpQd d]/f] sfG5f] 5f]/f] xf] . ev{/} af]l8{ª :s"naf6 lgsfn]/ oxf“ NofPsf] x'“ . pm 3/ kl/jf/eGbf aflx/ uPs} 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ;Dks{df k'Ug] t s'/} cfp“b}g .Æ

t/ dfcf]jfbL kl/ToQm cf]vn9'+ufsf 5fkfdf/ s]zj 9'+u]n dfcf]jfbLx?n] kmsfP/ nu]sf] x'g;Sg] cfz+sf JoQm u5{g\ . 9'+u]nsf cg';f/, d]3gfy l3ld/]nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] klxn] klg æcfly{s sf/jfxLÆ ul/;s]sf] x'“bf pgsf] 5f]/f]nfO{ dfg{;Sg] ;Defjgf rflx+ 5}g . a? dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm\gf] sfdsfhsf] k|of]hgdf pkof]u ug{ ;S5g\ . cf]vn9'+ufsf sfg'g Joj;foL 8'nxl/ bfxfn klg of] s'/fdf ;xdt b]lvg'x'G5 . bfxfn eGg'x'G5— ædfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm\gf] sfddf k|of]u ug{ ;lhnf]sf] nflu nu]sf x'g;S5g\ .Æ

lanGb'—%, w';]gLdf kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv dfcf]jfbLx?sf] rxnkxn a9]sf] s'/f :yfgLo afl;Gbfx? atfp“5g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ kmfu'g @ ut] dfcf]jfbLx?n] t]haxfb'/ 3tL{sf] 3/ n'6L wgdfn nu]sf lyP . otf $ ut] a]n'sL afns ckx/0f u/] . kLl8t afa' eG5g\— æckxl/t 5f]/f] ;s'zn lkmtf{ ug{ d ;a};“u cg'/f]w ub{5' .Æ

b]jL3f6 hnljB't\ s]Gb| e|i6frf/sf] bnbndf

g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f cGt/utsf] b]jL3f6 hnljB't\ s]Gb| clgoldttfsf] bnbndf km“;]sf] 5 . s]Gb|df ljutdf ePsf rsf{ clgoldttfsf k|s/0fx?dfly 5fgljg ug{ s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw uf]ljGb s]=;L=sf] ;+of]hsTjdf s[i0faxfb'/ v8\sf / /fhs'df/ s8l/of ;lDdlnt cfof]un] klg clgoldttf ePsf] 7x/ ub}{ bf]ifLdfly s8f sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] .

xfn cfP/ km]l/ To:t} clgoldttfsf syfx? bf]xf]l/g yfn]sf 5g\ . l8lehg k|d'v /fdrGb|k|;fb u'Ktf, OlGhlgo/sf] sfd ug]{ l;len cf]e/l;o/ /+ugfy kl08t, k|zf;gsf s'j]/nfn >]i7 / h'h'efO zfSo ldn]/ cl3Nnf] jif{ dfq ;Dk"0f{ d/dt ul/Psf] sfof{no ejg sLt]{ 6]08/sf] sfuhft agfO{ k'gM d/dtsf] nflu % nfv !$ xhf/df lgsf;f u/fOPsf] 5 . b]jL3f6 sf]ngLsf ;Dk"0f{h;f] cfjf; ejgx? hL0f{cj:yfdf /x]sf] / h'g;'s} a]nf klg b'3{6gf x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf x'“bfx'“b} klg To;nfO{ Vofn gu/L jif}{lkR5] sfof{no ejg dd{tsf gfddf 7"nf] /sd vlr{g] sfo{af6 s]Gb|df ePsf clgoldttfsf] cGbfh ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}u/L sDkfp08 jfn nufpg] sfo{df klg 7]s]bf/;“usf] ldn]dtf]df sd b/sf] kmd{nfO{ sfd :jLs[t gu/L a9L /sdsf] kmd{nfO{ 6]08/ :jLs[t u/fPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L l8lehg k|d'v u'Ktfn] Ps dlxgfb]lv k|flws/0fsf @ j6f uf8Lx? cfkm\gf] 3/fo;L sfdsf] nflu 3/df nu]/ /fv]sf 5g\ . t/ uf8L gePsf sf/0f sfof{nosf sfdx? ;'rf? ?kn] rNg g;s]sf] s'/f :jo+ sd{rf/Lx? :jLsfb{5g\ .

b]ze/sf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x?dWo] ;a}eGbf sd vr{df a9L pTkfbg ul//x]sf] o; ljB't\ s]Gb|df clgolGqt k|zf;g ;+oGq / OdfGbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] cefjdf h'g;'s} a]nf klg crfgs b'3{6gf x'g;S5 . o;tkm{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;dodf g} Wofg k'´ofpg' h?/L e};s]sf] 5 .

xfn o; k|flws/0f If]qleq s}og d"No a/fa/sf hL=cfO{= kfOkx? a]jfl/; ?kdf ldlNs/x]sf 5g\ . tL ;fdfgx? k|flws/0fn] cl3Nnf] ;fn g} lnnfd ul/;s]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 eg] 7]s]bf/ sfd ;DkGg ul/;s]sfn] tL nfvf}+ d"No a/fa/sf ;fdfgx? a]jfl/; cnkq 5g\ .

l8lehg k|d'v u'Ktf s}og\ lbgb]lv sfof{nodf 5}gg\ eg] lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v klg sf]xL /x]sf] kfO“b}g . sfof{no k|d'v u'Ktfn] $ dlxgfcl3 dfq} () xhf/ vr{ u/L dd{t ul/Psf] !)&) g+= uf8Lsf] dd{t ug{ k'gM () xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ eg] !#^* g+= sf] uf8L pgsf] 3/fo;L sfddf s}og\ lbgb]lv pgsf] 3/df g} /x]sf] 5 .

To;}u/L o:t} clgoldttfsf syfx? lqz'nL hnljB't\ s]Gb|leq klg bf]xf]l/+b}5g\ . o; s]Gb|sf ljt/0f zfvfsf k|d'v /fd Psjfn ofbj / OlGhlgo/ ljqmds'df/ cdfTosf] ldn]dtf]df u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f of]hgf cGt/utsf ljleGg sfdx? ljgf 6]08/ sLt]{ sfuhft v8f u/L cfkm\g} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ 7]s]bf/ agfO{ Ps} JolQmnfO{ !)÷!% nfvsf sf]6];g lbnfPsf 5g\ . o;/L s/La %) nfvsf] sfdx? clgoldt ?kdf af“8kmf“8 u/]sf 5g\ . :d/0fLo 5, Ps} uflj;sf u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf sfdnfO{ ljleGg 6'qmf kf/L sLt]{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . cfly{s lgod cg';f/, sf]6];gsf sfd (( xhf/ eGbf a9L lbg gkfOg]df sfuhft ldnfO{ clgoldt u/]sf] s'/f Jofks 5g\ . lgh ofbj / cdfTo v'nf ?kdf æk};f xfdLn] dfq xf]Og, dfly klg a'emfpg'k5{“ eGg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L v'nf ?kdf eO/x]sf] clgoldttfnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ ;dod} s8f sbd rfNg'kg]{ cfjZostf v6\ls;s]sf] s'/f :yfgLoaf;Lx? atfp“5g\ .

g'jfsf]6af6, nId0f >]i7

snfsf/sf] dd{ af]s]sf] k':ts

æd}n] h'g dlGb/df cGt/dg b]v]+, cfkm\gf] hLjg r9fP“, ToxL g} 7fp“af6 d]/f] lgwf/df ck/fwsf] 6Lsf 6f“l;of] . d}n] /]l8of]df hflu/ vfP/ cfkm\gf] 3/ elgg, >Ldfg\ elgg\, 5f]/f5f]/L elgg\ t/ ToxL 7fp“n] dnfO{ ckdfgsf] k|df0fkq le/fof] .Æ

ufog snfdf g]kfnsL lglw ag]sL uflosf tf/fb]jLsf oL cleJolQmx?n] pxf“sf] dfq j]bgf af]n]sf 5}g, :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d d'n'ssf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] snf, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fnfO{ hf]ufp“b} cfkm\gf] cnUu} cl:tTj / klxrfg b]vfpg k|of;/t snf / ;flxTosf/x?sf] dd{nfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] 5 .

/]l8of] g]kfnaf6 rf/xhf/eGbf a9L -k':tsdf $ xhf/ % ;o;Dd elgPsf] 5_ uLtx? ufP/ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL / g]kfnefifLx?sf] dg 5'g k'u]sL tf/fb]jLnfO{ /fhgLlt1 / k|zf;sx?n] snfsf/sf] ?kdf x]/]sf /x]g5g\, Pp6f ;fdfGo hflu/bf/sf] ?kdf x]/]sf /x]5g\ . @)$(—%) ;fnlt/ ;bf«} cfkm\gf] :j/dfw'o{nfO{ /]l8of] g]kfnsf dfWodaf6 x/]s g]kfnLx?sf] 3/3/df k'´ofpg] pRr cfsf+Iff lnP/ sfof{nodf k'u]sL tf/fb]jL cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt hgfpg xfhL/ sfkLdf ;dfpg k'Ubf Pp6f vl/bf/n] /f]s]5— æcfhb]lv tkfO{+nfO{ xfhL/L gu/fpg] cfb]z 5 . of] lr7L a'em\g';\ .Æ tf/fb]jLn] o:tf] l:ylt klg hLjgdf slxNo} cfp“nf eGg] ;f]Rg' ePs} /x]g5 . cfkm\gf] lszf]/fjob]lv /]l8of] g]kfnnfO{ sd{:yn agfP/ cfkm\gf] hLjg u'hfg]{ k|0f ug'{ePsL tf/fb]jLnfO{ pxf“ hLljt /x];Dd /fv]s} eP klg /]l8of] g]kfnsf] ul/df g} a9\g] lyof], lsgeg] pxf“ ;jf b'O{ s/f]8 g]kfnLsf] d'6'sf] 9's9'sL g} x'g'ePsf] 5 . x}g, cjsfz g} lbP klg o:tf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf snfsf/ jf gful/sx?nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s lbg ;lsGYof] . /]l8of]sf lgb{oL k|zf;sx?n] Tof] lbg rfx]gg\ . snf, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf dd{ ga'em\g] 9'+ufsf d'6'df zf;g / k|zf;gdf xfjL ePkl5 o:tf] ckdfg w]/} :jfledfgL gful/sn] ef]Ug'kb{5 . /, elgG5, k|hftGqf]Q/sfndf klg of] b'ik|j[lQ cf]OnfPsf] 5}g, df}nfPs} 5 .

/]l8of] g]kfnsf] ckdfgk"0f{ ljbfOn] tf/fb]jLsf] dgnfO{ dfq rf]6 k'´ofPg, af]lemnf] dg lnP/ a:g'ePsf tf/fb]jLnfO{ lgoltn] psfnL r9\g lbPg . pxf“sf h]7f 5f]/f zzLdf /Qm SofG;/h:tf] 3fts /f]u b]vf k´of] / @)%! a}zfvdf pgsf] b]xfGt eof] . @)%% ebf} % ut] n'lDagL Po/j]hsf] ljdfg b'3{6gfdf k/L pxf“sf klt ljdfg rfns SofK6]g  lzaaxfb'/ >]i7sf] lgwg eof] . k'q / kltljof]ukl5 pxf“sf] :jf:Yo ?U0f eof] . b]z ljb]zdf pkrf/ u/fpg'k´of] . tf/fb]jLsf] ;f+uLlts ofqf dfq x}g, ufog If]qdf pxf“sf] of]ubfg / kl5Nnf] ;dodf pxf“n] ef]Ug' k/]sf b'MvnfO{ ;d]6]/ gO{ k|sfzgn] gof“ k':ts ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5— psfnL cf]/fnLx?df tf/fb]jL gfds . k':tsn] tf/fb]jLsf] of]ubfgnfO{ ;d]6\g] k|of; t u/]sf] 5, t/ kl5Nnf ;dodf pxf“n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] b'Mv / si6n] pxf“sf] ;f+uLlts ofqf / of]ubfgnfO{ 5fof“ kfl/lbPsf 5g\ . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf], pxf“dfly k/]sf] rf]6sf] pNn]vn] l;+uf] k':ts s?0ffdoL ag]sf] 5 .

em08} $ xhf/ % ;oj6f uLtx?dfkm{t\ g]kfnsf] uf}/a p“rf kfg]{ tf/fb]jLsf ufog snfsf] pQ/ r9fjsf af/]df k':tsdf ;l6s n]vx? cfPsf 5}gg\ . clwsf+z n]vsx? ælxdfnsf] sfvdf 5 ;fgf] d]/f] ufp“®

æpsfnL cf]/fnL eHofª clg rf}tf/Lx?df===Æ
æ;f]r]h:tf] x'Gg hLjg, ;Dem]h:tf] x'Gg hLjg===Æ
ækm"nsf] y'+uf au]/ uof] u+ufsf] kfgLdf===Æ
æsflnkf/] bfOÆ æ;f“3'/L jfl/ gL xf] Tof] wf/fkfgLÆ

æltdL / xfdL e]6f}+nf k"njf/Lsf] 5]pdf==Æ h:tf uLtx?sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df clNemPsf 5g\ . l;+uf] ufog ofqfsf] :jfb kfp“b}g . of] k':ts kl9;Sbf pxf“k|lt >4f a9]/ cfp“5 o;df pxf“n] kfpg'ePsf] b'Mv, Joxf]g'{k/]sf] j]bgfsf] eg] ;l6s k|:t'lt 5 . lzIf0f c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf] zzLsf] b]xfGtkl5 c:ktfnnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ ^) xhf/ ?lkof“ geP/ nfz p7fpg g;s]/ ls/0f v/]nsf cfkmGt hdfgt a:g'k/]sf] 36gf xf];\ jf cfkm\gf] un:6f]gsf] ck|]zg u/]/ 3/df cf/fd ul//x]sf] a]nfdf /]s8{sf] kfnf] k/]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 /]l8of] g]kfndf uLt /]s8{ ul//x“bf ck|]zg u/]sf] 7fp“df Kjfn k/L /]s8{:yndf kTy/Lsf ;—;fgf 6'qmfx? v;]sf] dfld{s 36gf lsg gxf];\, ;a}n] tf/fb]jLn] s'g l:yltdf /x]/ b]z ;]jf ug'{ePsf] /x]5 eGg] hfgsf/L lbG5g\ .

hubDaf >L, OGb|/fHonIdL, l5Ggntf, d}gf k'/:sf/ / uf]vf{ a'|c/Lsf] ;Ddfgsf ;fy} ;'k|l;4 k|jn uf]/vf blIf0fafx'af6 ;Ddflgt tf/fb]jLsf] Oltxf;sf s]xL kfgfnfO{ p3f/]/ gO{ k|sfzgn] 7"nf] u'g nufPsf] 5 . kf“r jif{sf] pd]/b]lv afnuLt ufP/ /]l8of] g]kfnnfO{ g]kfnL uLtsf] e08f/ ;[hgf ul/lbg] tf/fb]jLsf ;DaGwdf uLtsf/ sflnk|;fb l/hfnsf] l6Kk0fL ;l6s nfU5— æ=== of] n'/] b]zn] klg rf/ lbgkl5 dGqLx? Ps}afhL lgo'Qm u/]/ k"/f vfg klg / OHhtsf;fy kf/f] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf k|bz{g ul/;s]sf] 5 . t/ of] b]zn] slj n]vs snfsf/x? la/fdL k/] pkrf/ ug{ ;Sb}g .Æ

 of] k':tsn] tf/fb]jLk|lt yk >4fefj hufp“5 eg] /]l8of] g]kfn / tTsfnLg k|zf;sx?k|lt 3[0ff Ú

k':ts— psfnL cf]/fnLdf tf/fb]jL
;Dkfbg— g/]Gb|/fh k|;fO{÷OlGb/f k|;fO{
k|sfzs— gO{ k|sfzg
d"No ?= !))÷—

d]nDrLsf] kfgL M l;Q}df lsg gvfgL <

8f=cfgGbaxfb'/ yfkf

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ;'Vvf ;dodf yk vfg]kfgL pknJw u/fpg] p2]Zon] dfq xfn d]nDrL of]hgf cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 . o; of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogkl5 vfg]kfgLsf] dx;"ndf w]/} u'0ff a[l4 x'g] lglZrt 5 / o;af6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ;j{;fwf/0f pkef]Qmfx?dfly lgs} 7"nf] cfly{s ef/ kg]{5 . sdhf]/ cfly{s l:yltdf ePsf pkef]Qmfx? d]nDrLs} sf/0f xfn kfOkaf6 k|fKt x'g] u/]sf] kfgLaf6 ;d]t al~rt x'g ;Sb5g\ . of] of]hgf b]zs} nflu cgfjZos cfly{s af]emdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sb5 .

d]nDrL of]hgfdf s]xL kl/jt{g u/]/ s'n]vfgLl;t cfj4 u/]df o; of]hgfsf] kfgL sf7df8f}+nfO{ l;Q}df k|fKt x'g ;Sg]5 . vfg]kfgLsf] dx;"n a9fpg' kg]{5}g . of]hgfsf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ s'n]vfgLdf x'g] yk ljB't pTkfbgaf6 Joxf]g{ ;lsg]5 . olt eP/ klg s'n]vfgLdf pTkflbt yk ljB't ;:tf] x'g] ePsf]n] s]xL xb;Dd clxn]sf] rsf]{ ljB't dx;"n 36fpg klg ;Dej x'g ;Sg]5 .

d]nDrL vf]nfjfx]s s]xL cGo lxdfnL vf]nfx?nfO{ ;d]t s'n]vfgL hnfzol;t hf]8\g] æ6«flGh6 dfu{“sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 . of] d]nDrL ;'?ªsf] clt dxTjk"0f{ csf]{ ljz]iftf x'g]5 . o;af6 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ;:tf] hnljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg]5  . o'=Pg=8L=kL=åf/f ul/Psf] cWoog cg';f¨ nfª6fª ljB't of]hgfnfO{ d]nDrL ;'?ªŒf/f s'n]vfgLl;t cfj4 u/]df cfufdL !% jif{ hlt cjlwsf] g]kfnsf] ljB't dfu k"lt{ x'g] u/L s]jn c9fO{ o'=P;=;]G6 k|lt o'lg6eGbf ;:tf] b/df 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ljB't pTkfbg x'g ;Sg]5 . o;af6 cfufdL jif{x?df ljB't dx;"n b/ lgs} 36fpg ;Dej x'g]5 . To:t} nfs]{, ofª\u|L / jn]kmL vf]nfx?nfO{ klg s'n]vfgLl;t cfj4 u/]df cem a9L ljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

d]nDrL of]hgfdf k|:tfljt ;'wf/x? ;dfj]z gx'“bf dfly pNn]lvt ;a} ;Defjgfx? :jtM x/fpg] 5g\ . o;tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg hfg' clt h?/L e};s]sf] 5 .

;'wf/sf] cfjZostf

d]nDrL of]hgfsf] ;a}eGbf vlr{nf] sfo{ g} @* lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] kfgL k|jfxsf] ;'?ª lgdf{0f xf] . of] ;'?ªsf] Ifdtf vfg]kfgLnfO{ rflxg]eGbf w]/} g} u'0ff 7"nf] x'g]5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{ lxp“bsf] ;'Vvf ;dodf d]nDrLaf6 k|fKt x'g ;Sg] kfgLsf] kl/df0f s/Lj @ 3gld6/ k|lt;]s]08 x'G5 . k|fljlws sf/0fn] ubf{ k|:tfljt d]nDrL ;'?ªsf] Ifdtf eg] s/Lj !% 3g ld6/ k|lt;]s]08 hlt k|jfx c6fpg] x'g]5 .

vfg]kfgLsf] nflu pkof]udf gcfpg] d]nDrL ;'?ªsf] Ifdtf ;f] d]nDrL vf]nfdf ;'Vvf ofdjfx]ssf] df};ddf 7"nf] kl/df0fdf pknJw kfgL s'n]vfgL hnfzo;Dd k'´ofpgdf pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;af6 s'n]vfgLsf] df}h'bf xfO8«f]kfj/ :6]zgx?sf] ljB't pTkfbgdf 7"nf] a[l4 x'g]5 . 6f]nsf] d]nDrL of]hgfsf] ;'?ª / sf7df8f}+ jl/kl/ lj5\ofOg] kfOknfOgdf s]xL ;'wf/ u/]df s'n]vfgL hnfzo;Dd kfgL k'´ofpg cfjZos x'g] yk lgdf{0f vr{ lgs} sd x'G5 .

l8hfOgdf ;+zf]wg

d]nDrLsf] kfgL s'n]vfgL hnfzodf k'´ofpg ;lhnf] u/fpg k|:tfljt ;'?ª sf7df8f}+df k|j]z ug]{ 7fp“ ;'Gb/Lhnsf] ;§f 6f]vf jl/kl/ x'g' kb{5 . 6f]vflt/af6 s'n]vfgLtkm{ kfgL nUg lgs} ;lhnf] x'G5 . To:t} sf7df8f}+ jl/kl/ lj5\ofOg] ;s'{n/ kfOk nfOgsf :yfkgfdf klg s]xL kl/jt{g u/]sf] v08df Go"gtd\ yk vr{df d]nDrLsf] kfgL yfgsf]6 jl/kl/ k'´ofpg ;Dej x'g]5 .

yfgsf]6 5]p5fpaf6 d]nDrLsf] kfgL s'n]vfgL hnfzo;Dd k'´ofpg s/Lj ( lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] ;'?ª;lxtsf] Pp6f klDkª :6]zgsf] lgdf{0f cfjZos x'G5 . s'n]vfgLdf eg] yk lgdf{0f cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .

cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] clt cfsif{s

d]nDrLsf] kfgL k|:tfljt ;'?ªaf6 sf7df8f}+ NofP/ ;'Vvf ofdsf] kfgL l;Q}df sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf 5f]8]/ af“sL kfgL dfq s'n]vfgL hnfzodf k'´ofPdf xfn rfn" / k|:tfljt s'n]vfgL xfO8«f]kfj/ :6]zgx?sf ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtf bf]Jj/n] a[l4 x'g] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . d]nDrL of]hgfdf nfUg] ;d:t vr{sf] af]em s]jn ljB'tdf dfq kf/]df o:tf] s"n vr{ s/Lj !$ s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ hlt x'g] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] Tolt g} ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ xfn rfn" / k|:tfljt u/L hDdf s/Lj !$) d]3fjf6sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgf;lxtsf] s'n]vfgL xfO8«f]kfj/ :6]zgx?sf] xfnsf] d"No s"n nfut eg] em08} #) s/f]8 8n/ hlt x'g hfG5 . o;/L plQg} ljB't pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu d]nDrLdf nfUg] vr{eGbf s'n]vfgLdf nfUg] vr{ bf]Jj/ a9L x'g ;Sb5 . cyf{t\ d]nDrLsf] kfgLaf6 s'n]vfgLdf yk pTkfbg x'g] ljB'tsf] k|lt o'lg6 pTkfbg d"No s'n]vfgLs} kfgLaf6 ;fljsdf x'g] u/]sf] ljB't pTkfbgsf] k|lt o'lg6 pTkfbg d"NoeGbf cfwL ;:tf] x'g ;Sg]5 .

d]nDrL / s'n]vfgLl;t cfj4 nfª6fª of]hgf

s'n]vfgLl;t cfj4 d]nDrL of]hgf ;:tf] ljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu w]/} g} pko'Qm ePsf]n] o;nfO{ Ps ljB't of]hgfsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fOg' kb{5 . pQ/sf s]xL lxdfnL vf]nfx?nfO{ ;d]t s'n]vfgL hnfzo;Dd hf]8\gsf] nflu 6«flGh6 dfu{sf] ?kdf d]nDrL ;'?ª k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsG5 . nfª6fª ofªu|L, nfs]{ / an]kmLh:tf lxdfnL vf]nfx?dWo] 7"nf] kl/df0fdf w]/} g} ;:tf] ljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu ;a}eGbf cfsif{s nfª6fª vf]nf b]lvG5 .

nfª6fª vf]nfdf ;fgf] hnfzo agfP/ ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ of]hgfsf] cWoog o'=Pg=8L=kL=åf/f u08s j]l;g cWoog cGt/ut w]/} jif{ cl3 g} ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] of]hgfnfO{ s]xL kl/dfh{g u/]/ d]nDrL ;'?ªŒf/f s'n]vfgL hnfzol;t cfj4 ug{ ;lsG5 . o; af/]df hn tyf zlQm cfof]uŒf/f tof/ ul/Psf] cjwf/0ff ;a}sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfO;s]sf] 5 .

hn tyf zlQm cfof]uåf/f tof/ ul/Psf] cjwf/0ffdf clt cfsif{s nfª6fª—!, nfª6fª—@ / s'n]vfgL ;+o'Qm ljB't :6]zgx?sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . oL k|To]s :6]zgdf s/Lj Ps xhf/ ld6/ kfgLsf] prfOsf] bjfj lbg] clt pRr rfksf] xfO8«f]kfj/ :6]zg x'g]5 . o:tf] pRr rfksf] kfj/ :6]zgaf6 pTkflbt ljB't w]/} g} ;:tf] x'g] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . :d/0f /xf];\, o:tf] pRr rfksf] kfj/ :6]zgaf6 pTkflbt ljh'nL ;:tf] x'g] ePsf]n] g} Sofgf8fsf] lj|l6z sf]nlDaofsf] * ;o ld6/ pRr rfk ePsf] lsdfgf] kfj/ :6]zgaf6 pTkflbt ljB't Toxf“sf] lsl6df6df /x]sf] cnsfg PNo'ldlgod pBf]unfO{ xfn k|lt o'lg6 # cd]l/sL ;]G6eGbf sddf ljqmL e}/x]sf] 5 .

d]nDrL / s'n]vfgLl;t cfj4 u/]/ nfª6fªnfO{ ljsf; u/]sf] v08df k|ltjif{ s/Lj @=% c/j o'lg6 kmd{ ljB't zlQm pTkfbg x'g ;Sg]5 . ljB'tsf] pTkfbg d"No klg @=% cd]l/sL ;]G6eGbf sd x'g] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L clt ;:tf] d"Nodf pTkflbt ljB't xfd|f] b]zsf] cfufdL !% jif{ hltsf] ljB't dfu k"lt{sf] nflu kof{Kt x'g ;S5 .

csf]{tkm{ nfª6fªdf agfOg] ;fgf] hnfzo ko{6sx?sf] nflu 7"nf] cfsif{0f x'g ;Sg]5 . ;f] :yfg pRr kj{tLo cg';Gwfgx?sf] nflu klg clt pko'Qm x'g]5 .

clt 7"nf] b'ef{Uo

d]nDrL of]hgfl;t ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx? ;d]6]/ t'?Gt cWoog ul/g' kb{5 . o;sf] nflu w]/} ;do nfUg] 5}g . olb of] of]hgf cfjZos yk cWoog ljgf g} s]jn vfg]kfgLsf] lx;fjn] dfq cl3 a9fOof] eg] of] clt g} 7"nf] b'ef{Uo x'g]5 . o;af6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf hgtf ;fx|} rsf]{ kfgL dx;"nsf] df/df kg]{5g\ eg] ;d:t b]zn] ;:tf] d"Nodf ljB't pkef]u ug]{ cj;/ u'dfpg] 5 .       

s6f/L ahf/ ;Defljt ljgfzsf] ;+qfzdf

;/b/ b}lgs kRrL;j6f a; / aL;j6f 6«sx?n] dflg; / ;fdfgx? cf];fg]{ k"jf{~rns} Jo:t ahf/dWo]sf] Ps s6f/L ahf/ b'O{ 5]paf6 pln{b} au]sf gbLx?sf] sf/0f vt/fdf kb}{} uPsf] 5 . s6f/Lsf] k"j{af6 blIf0ftkm{ au]sf] tfjf gbLn] ut sflt{s dlxgfdf j/k/sf] y'k|}| v]tLof]Uo hldgnfO{ gi6 ub}{ ahf/ cf;kf;;Dd au/ lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . s6f/L ufp“ ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf /fds'df/ /fO{ eG5g\— ætfjf gbLsf] e]n -af9L_n] em08} Ps xhf/ laufxf v]tLof]Uo hldg gi6 u´of] . ;“u} kfSg nfu]sf] Ps s/f]8 a/fa/sf] wfg klg nUof] . ahf/ tkm{ gbLn] cfkm\gf] af6f] a9fp“b} cfPsf] 5 .Æ

s6f/L ahf/tkm{ sf]lN6+b} cfPsf] tfjf gbLn] eGbf klg pQ/ klZrdaf6 hldg sf6\b} k'b}{ u/L prfln+b} cfPsf] ss? vf]nf s6f/L ahf/sf] nflu a9L vt/f ePsf] 5 . ahf/tkm{ a9\b} cfPsf] ss?af6 eoeLt :yfgLo afl;Gbf lszf]/ kf]v/]n eG5g\— æoxL /km\tf/df ss? a9\b} cfof] eg] s]xL jif{leq s6f/L ahf/ k'/} au/df ?kfGt/0f x'g ;S5 .Æ o:t} vt/f cfOkg{;Sg] s'/fsf] cg'dfg ;femf k|sfzg s6f/L zfvfsf k|d'v dw';'bg 7fs'/n] klg u/]sf 5g\ . 7fs'/sf cg';f/, ss?n] gbL lsgf/sf] h+un klxn] g} gi6 ul/;s]sf] x'“bf kfgL kgf{;fy af9L cfp“5 . af9L lgoGq0f ug{ ljut jif{x?b]lv ul/Psf y'k|} k|of;x? c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . gbL af9L cfpgf;fy ahf/tkm{ p/flnG5 .

gbL lgoGq0fsf nflu agfOPsf af“wx? gf£b} cfPsf] ss?n] bg'jf/ hflts]f y'k|} v]tLof]Uo hldg gi6 u/]sf] 5 . gbLsf] vt/faf6 lg/fz aGb} uPsf cWoIf /fO{ eG5g\— æbg'jf/ hfltnfO{ p7Laf; nufp“b} cl3 a9]sf] ss?sf] a9\bf] vt/fnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ca s'g} klg a]nf s6f/L ahf/ ;dfKt x'g ;S5 .Æ of] s'/fdf s6f/L—$ sf j8fcWoIf ;fy} a; Joj;foL ;+3sf ;+of]hs / 6«s Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf sfhL >]i7 klg ;xdt 5g\ . >]i7 b'Mv];f] kf]V5g\— æo;} jif{ dfq ahf/s} 5]pmaf6 gbLn] b'O{j6f 6«s aufof] . ca s'g} klg lbg s6f/L ahf/ g} aufpg ;S5 .Æ

b'O{lt/af6 aUg] gbLx?sf] bf]xf]/f] rk]6fdf k/]/ 7"nf] Iflt a]xf]b}{ cfPsf] s6f/Lsf afl;Gbfx? gbLsf sf/0f a9\bf] c;'/Iffaf6 eoeLt 5g\ . :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg] hgk|ltlglwx? klg s6f/LnfO{ af9L kLl8t If]qsf] ?kdf /fli6«o of]hgfdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf]df ;/sf/;“u ?i6 5g\ .

s6f/Lsf] cl:tTj g} ;+s6df kfg{ af6f] agfp“b} cfPsf] ss? gbL lgoGq0fsf] nflu ljleGg sfdx? klg eO/x]sf 5g\ . ut jif{ hL6Lh]8, cf/;LcfO{8ANo", lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt pbok'/ / s6f/L uflj;sf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf af“w lgdf{0f sfo{ eof] . cWoIf ¨fO{sf cg';f/, hg>dbfgsf] cnfjf s/La @( nfvsf] nufgLdf lgld{t ;f] af“wn] s]xL xb;Dd eP klg sfd u/]sf] 5 . t/ af“w lgdf{0f g} gbL lgoGq0fsf] clGtd lgsf; eg] xf]Og . o;af6 s6f/Ldf vt/fsf] 306L aHg} nfu]sf] k|i6 x'G5 .

;d:of oltdfq xf]Og

gbL s6fgsf] cnfjf s6f/L ahf/ cfGtl/s ;d:ofaf6 klg g/fd|/L hsl8Psf] 5 . tLg jif{ klxnf g} cfOk'Ug'kg]{ ljB't\ nfOg xfn;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5}g . s]xL ;DkGg JolQmx?n] h]g]/]6/af6 ljB't\ lgsfnL k|of]udf NofPsf 5g\ . t/ ahf/d} klg Go"g ;+Vofdf lah'nL k|of]u ug]{ 3/x? ePsf] sf/0f k|efj eg] z"Go 5 . ljB't\ nfOgsf] nflu ;j]{If0f ePsf] %—& jif{ lalt;Sbf klg ljB't\ gcfpg'sf] k5fl8 :yfgLo txdf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?aLr Pstf gx'g' Pp6f ultnf] sf/0f ePsf] s'/f cWoIf /fO{ :jo+ :jLsf5{g\ . ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf lhNnf g]tfx?aLr Pstf ePsf] eP olta]nf lah'nL cfO;SYof],— cWoIf /fO{sf] syg 5— æcfk;L Pstfsf] cefjdf jg ljefun] r'/]df kf]n uf8\g glbg], dGqfno / ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] 9Lnf;':tLn] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .Æ

xfn ah|u|'k sG:6«S;gn] kf]n lj:tf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . /fO{ eG5g\— æut df3 dlxgfleq} lah'nL NofO;Sg] of]hgf t lyof] t/ o:t} emd]nfx?n] nIf cg';f/ sfd x'g ;s]g . cfufdL c;f]h dlxgf;Dddf eg] lah'nL cfp“5 .Æ

csf]{tkm{ s6f/L ahf/nfO{ zx/Ls/0f ug]{ sfdx? klg ul/Psf 5g\ . a;kfs{, Jojl:yt ahf/, ;8s ;'wf/ / vfg]kfgL nufotsf 7"nf 7"nf w]/} nIfx? s6f/L ahf/sf nflu s]xL jif{ klxn] g} to ul/Psf x'g\ . oBlk sfd eg] vf;} x'g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] 5 . #)—$) j6f a; / @)—#) j6f 6«s nufotsf oftfoftsf ;fwgx? cJojl:yt 9+un] ahf/df oqtq 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . a; Joj;foL ;+3sf ;+of]hs sfhL >]i7sf cg';f/, a;kfs{ agfpg] cfjZos tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . h;sf] nflu ;+3n] ^) xhf/ /sd hDdf ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] a;kfs{ agfpg] :yfgsf] ;e]{If0f ;d]t ePsf] 5 .

k"j{—klZrd dx]Gb| /fhdfu{;“u hf]8\g] s6f/L—ldr}{of df]6/af6f] $@ ;fnb]lv ;+rflnt eP klg xfn;Dd sfnf]kq] x'g g;s]sf]df >]i7 lrlGtt 5g\ . æcf]vn9'+uf, vf]6fª, ;f]n', l;Gw'nLsf dflg;x?sf] ;/;fdfg vl/b ug]{ s]Gb| s6f/Ldf g} jiff{sf] ;dodf ;fdfgx? cfpg ;ls/x]sf] x'“b}g . lxnf] / klx/f]n] af6f]d} 6«s / a;x? ;do—;dodf /f]lsG5g\Æ— >]i7 eG5g\ .

s6f/L—ldr}{of @^ lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] df]6/af6f] sfnf]kq] ug]{ s'/f ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf lhNnf g]tfx?n] ut lgjf{rgsf] a]nf p7fPsf lyP . :yfgLo afl;Gbf /fhs'df/ yfkf eG5g\— ær'gfjsf] df}sfdf t df]6/af6f] lkr u/fpg] s'/f t w]/} klxnfb]lv x'g] u/]sf] 5 . sfd rflx+ cem} slt jif{kl5 x'g] xf], yfxf 5}g .Æ

o;}u/L vfg]kfgLsf] cefjdf s6f/L jiff}{b]lv ?dlNnPsf] 5 uflj; cWoIf /fO{ eG5g\— æd cfpg'eGbf klxn]sf cWoIfn] klg vfg]kfgL ahf/df Nofpg] of]hgf gagfPsf xf]Ogg\ t/ sfd ePg . clxn] xfd|f] kxndf sfd l56f] l56f] eO/x]sf] 5 . cfp“bf] r}tel/df vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf x'G5 .Æ PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ! s/f]8 ^( nfvsf] nufgLdf ;DkGg x'g nfu]sf] vfg]kfgL of]hgfn] klxnf] r/0fdf j8f g+= #, $, % / ^ df kfgL pknAw u/fpg] / bf];|f] r/0fdf j8f g+= !, @ / * df k'´ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 .

kl/jt{g;“u} nf]k

@)@@ ;fneGbf cufl8 sGsfO{ ahf/sf] gfdn] lrlgg] xfnsf] s6f/L ahf/ s]xL blIf0f klZrddf cjl:yt lyof] . :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf cg';f/, To;a]nf ePsf] Pp6f eLif0f cfunfuLn] sGsfO{ ahf/ gi6 ePkl5 s]xL j/ s6]/fn] agfPsf em'k8Lx?df ahf/ ;´of] h'g xfnsf] s6f/L ahf/sf gfdn] k"jf{~rndf k|l;4 5 . sfnfGt/df s6]/f, em'k8Lx? ?kfGtl/t aGb} uP / s]xL kSsL 3/x? klg ag] .

:yfgLo afl;Gbf /fhs'df/ yfkfsf cg';f/, )$@ ;fneGbf cuf8L;Dd s6f/L ahf/ ;fgf] lyof] . aGbLk'/af6 pm“6 / 3f]8fx?df ;fdfg af]sfP/ s6f/L NofOGYof] t/ To;/L ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf cfpg] u/]sf pm“6 / 3f]8fx? df]6/af6f]n] NofPsf] kl/jt{g;“u} x/fp“b} uP . yfkf eG5g\— æs6f/L ahf/df pm“6sf] kfOnf gk/]sf] *—!) jif{ eO;Sof] . 3f]8f rflx+ l56km'6 ?kdf cem} slxn]sflx+ b]lvG5g\ .Æ

s6f/L—cf]vn9'+uf lgdf{0ffwLg df]6/af6f] x'“b} ;]gf / lghL If]qsf 6«sx?n] sf]zL -3'dL{_ ;Dd s6f/Lsf ;/;fdfgx? k'´ofpg yfn]kl5 s6f/L ahf/df el/ofx? klg 36\g yfn]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo afl;Gbf lszf]/L kf]v/]n eG5g\— æca s]xL ;dokl5 el/ofx?sf] cfjt—hfjt 7Kk x'g;S5 .Æ

s6f/Ldf, tf]of bfxfn

b'Jo{;gLsf] c8\8f / zf}rfno aGb} u/]sf] ;efu[x

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

w/fg . ;/sf/L kxndf x'g] u/]sf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf slt;Dd l9nf;':tL / clgoldttf x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/fsf] gd"gf w/fg—* l:yt lgdf{0ffwLg ;efu[x ag]sf] 5 . @)%@ ;fn k';af6 lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] pQm ;efu[xsf] lgdf{0f ah]6sf] cefjdf ut ;fpgb]lv aGb eof] . em08} &% k|ltzt sfd k"/f eO;s]kl5 yk lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]ls“bf ;efu[xsf] ejg clxn] ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno / cDdnL tyf b'Jo{;gLx?sf] cv8f ePsf] 5 .

;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd, ;ef, ;df/f]x, uf]i7L / clwj]zg ug{ cTofw'lgs l8hfOgdf lgdf{0ffwLg ;efu[xsf] nflu w/fg—*, ef]6]rf}/l:yt km'6jn d}bfgsf] b'O{ ljufxf !) s6\7f hdLg clwu|x0f ul/Psf] lyof] . lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDdf rflx+ ejg ljefun] lnPsf] lyof] . w/fgsf] ;efu[x lgdf{0f of]hgfsf lgldQ 8L=O{= rt'/nfn k|;fO{+n] ;fpg d;fGtkl5 w/fg—* df /x]sf] cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf kfOn} /fVg' ePsf] 5}g . ;f] sfof{nodf clxn] pd]zs'df/ ;fx gfdsf ;'k/efOh/ / eQmaxfb'/ du/ gfdsf rf}sLbf/ ;/sf/L tnj vfP/ al;/x]sf 5g\ . ;fpgb]lv g} sfd /f]lsPsf] af/]df cfkm"x?n] yfxf gkfPsf] s'/f rf}sLbf/ du/ / ;'k/efOh/ ;fxn] atfPsf 5g\ .

;efu[x lgdf{0f cfof]hgfsf 8L=O{= dgf]h l3ld/] @ jif{ cl3 g} cGoq ;?jf ePkl5 cfPsf lgldQ 8L=O{= rt'/nfn k|;fO{+ Og?jfdf a:g] / slxn]sflx+ dfq cfpg] u/]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . ;efu[x lgdf{0f ug{ z'?df Ps 9sfn y/sf 7]s]bf/n] 7]Ssf lnPsf lyP . To;kl5 ljlN8ª lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf a;Gt >]i7n] lnPsf] / xfn 9nfO{ / sDkfp08 lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf g'g]xfª /fO{ eGg] 7]s]bf/n] lnPsf 5g\ . æg'g]xfªn] sfd ubf{ub}{ sfd} /f]lsof] clxn] t 7]s]bf/ g} a]kQf 5g\— ;efu[x lgdf{0f sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?n] atfP . rf}sLbf/ eQmaxfb'/ eG5g\— æclxn] t ;efu[xsf] ejgdf uf“hf vfg], Pl8S6x? em'lDdg yfn]sf 5g\, lb;f lk;fj ToxL“ u5{g\ . slt t Tot} ;'lt/x]sf x'G5g\ . s] ug]{ pgLx?;“u emu8f ug{ ;lsb}g . k'ln;n] klg s]xL ub}{g . xfdL t efUg'k5{ .Æ v'Nnf ?kdf /x]sf] lgdf{0ffwLg ;efu[x zf}rfno ag]sf] 5 eg], Toxf“sf c“Wof/f] / ;'/lIft w]/} sf]7fx?df cg}lts sfo{x? ;d]t x'g] u/]sf] atfOG5 . æs]6f / s]6Lsf] hf]8Lx? klg cfp“5g\ Sof/] s;n] x]g]{ < 7]s]bf/n] rf}sLbf/ /fv]sf 5}gg\ lbp“;f] t d} /]vb]v ul/lbG5',® cfkm" sfof{nosf] dfq} rf}lsbf/ ePsf] atfpg] eQmaxfb'/n] eg] .

k"j{ pk;efd'v nLnf >]i7 ;'Jjfsf] kxndf lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] pQm ;efu[xsf nflu k|To]s jif{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] %)—^) nfvsf b/n] /sd lgsf;f ul//x]sf] 5 . >]i7

-;'Jjf_ eGg'x'G5— æcj t alg;Sg' kg]{ xf] . s] ug]{ ;/sf/sf] sfd o:t} t xf] .Æ ;efu[x lgdf{0fsf nflu @)%@—)%# df ?= %) nfv, @)%#—)%$ df ?= %) nfv, @)%$—)%% df ?= &* nfv / )%%—)%^ df ?= ^) nfv ?k}of lgsf;f ePsf] lyof] . æ@)%^—)%& sf] nflu klg /sd 5'6\ofO;lsPsf] 5 /]Æ— k"j{ ;efd'v >]i7 -;'Jjf_n] eGg'eof]— æt/ Ps s/f]8 5'6\ofP/ klg d}bfgdf #) xhf/ dfq} k'Ug] c? aLrd} x/fpg] kl/kf6Ln] o;/L sfd /f]lsPsf] xf]nf .Æ

aif]{lg lgsf;f ePsf] /sdnfO{ 6]08/ u/L 5'§f5'§} 7]s]bf/x?af6 ejg ljefu cfkm}n] lgdf{0fsf] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;f] ljefun] z'?df w/fg gu/kflnsf;“u ;d]t ldn]/ sfd gu/] klg kl5 cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqfnon] g} af“sL sfd gu/kflnsfn] ug'{kg]{ atfp“b} cfkm" klG5g vf]h]sf] lyof] . w/fgsf gu/k|d'v dgf]hs'df/ d]ofªaf]n] Toqf] ah]6sf] ejg wgkfn] agfpg} g;Sg] eGb} dGqfnosf] k|:tfj c:jLsf/ ul//xg' ePsf] lyof] . dGqfno / gu/kflnsfsf] j]jf:tfsf] lzsf/ ;efu[x aGg k'u]sf] x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . oBlk ;efu[x lgdf{0fs} nflu eg]/ w/fg gu/kflnsfn] s/f]8f}+ ?k}of kg]{ @ ljufxf hlt hdLg lgMz'Ns pknJw u/fPsf] lyof] . z'?df $ s/f]8sf] nfutdf lgdf{0f k"/f ug]{ of]hgf agfOP klg l9nf] sfd ePsf] sf/0f ^ s/f]8 eGbf a9L vr{ nfUg] ;efu[x lgdf{0f rf“8} k"/f x'g] ;+efjgf eg] sd} /x]sf] atfOg yfn]sf] 5 .

To;f] t k~rfotLsfnd} ad b]jfgsf] kfnfdf tTsfnLg w/fg gu/k~rfotn] w/fg—!$ l:yt xfQL;f/df ;efu[x agfpg egL lgdf{0f sfo{;d]t z'? ul/;s]sf] lyof] . hu ;d]t lgdf{0f u/L /f]lsPsf] ;f] ;efu[xsf] cjz]if cem} xfQL;f/df b]Vg ;lsG5 . To;a]nf pQm ;efu[x s] sf/0fn] aGg ;s]g eGg] s'/f cem} v'Ng g;s] tfklg tTsfnLg k~rx?n] ;efu[xsf] gfddf 7"n} e|i6frf/ u/]/ nfvf}“ ?k}of s'DNofPsf] x'g;Sg] atfOG5 .

k"j{ pk;efd'v >]i7 -;'Jjf_n] cfkm" ;f+;b x'“bf af/Djf/ ;/sf/;“u ;efu[x rf“8f] k"/f ug{ tfs]tf u/]sf] atfp“b} jt{dfg ;f+;b s'Gtf zdf{nfO{ klg ;efu[x lgdf{0fsf nflu hf]8 ug{ elg/x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . ;efu[x lgdf{0f ;DaGwdf ;f+;b s'Gtf zdf{, w/fg gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v dgf]hs'df/ d]ofªaf], pkk|d'v s[i0fgf/fo0f kflnv];“u k|ltlqmof lng k6s—k6s ;Dks{ ubf{ klg pxf“x? w/fg aflx/ /xg' ePsf]n] e]6 x'g ;s]g .

hxf“ hgk|ltlglwx? g} ef/tLonfO{ g]kfnL agfp“5g\

uf}/ gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v / cGo hgk|ltlglwsf] ldn]dtf]df ;of}+ ef/tLo gful/sx?n] g]kfnL gful/stf lnPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . kl5Nnf] Pp6f 36gfdf ef/tLo gful/snfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf lbnfpg :jod\ gu/k|d'v ;+nUg ePsf] k'li6 ePkl5 of] cg'dfg ;Totfdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 .

36gf ljj/0f cg';f/, uf}/ gkf j8f g+= ^ a:g] ljGbf /fo s'dL{sf 5f]/L—HjfO{+ /fh' k6]nnfO{ gu/k|d'v uf}/Lz+s/ ofbjn] g]kfnL gful/stf lbnfPsf 5g\ . ljGbf /fosf HjfO{+ ef/tLo gful/s ePsf sf/0f HjfO{+ agfpg gftf k|dfl0ft ug{ c;lhnf] ePsf]n] gu/k|d'v ofbj / j8f g+= ^ sf j8fWoIf ljgo lu/Ln] ljGbf /fosf] 5f]/f] ePsf] l;kmfl/z ug]{ tf/tDo ldnfP . j8f g+= ^ sf] l;kmfl/z gu/k|d'v ofbjn] ef/tLo gful/s /fh' k6]nsf] kmf]6f] k|dfl0ft ug'{eof] . /, gful/stfsf nflu lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no uf}/df k]z ul/of] . gful/stfsf] sf/jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf lhk|sfn] k|x/L l/kf]6{ dfUof] . k|x/Ln] k6]n ljGbf /fosf] 5f]/f] geP/ HjfO{+ ePsf] k|df0f;lxt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf l/kf]6{ a'emfof] . lhk|sfsf cg';f/ k|x/Ls} l/kf]6{sf] cfwf/df gu/k|d'v ofbj / j8fWoIf lu/Ldfly d'2f rnfOPsf] 5 .

d]o/ / j8fWoIf;“u jofg lng] sfo{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . k|=lh=c= rGb|axfb'/ sfsL{n] eGg'eof]— t/ HjfO{+ /fh' k6]n km/f/ /x]sf sf/0f sf/jfxLdf l9nf ePsf] 5 . k|lhc sfsL{nfO{ b]zfGt/n] k|=lh=c=k|ltsf] hgu'gf;f]af/] lh1fzf /fv]sf] lyof] . of] 36gf ;fj{hlgs e};s]kl5 uf}/sf a'l4hLjLx?n] k|=lh=c= :jo+n] g} d'2fdf l9nfO{ u/]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . bf]ifLx?sf] aofg lnP/ emf/f 6fg'{jfx]s 7f]; sf/jfxL cl3 ga9fpg'sf k5fl8 gful/stfsf] cj}w sf/f]jf/ ug]{ lu/f]xaf6 x'g] 7"n} æz'enfeÆn] sfd u/]sf] x'g'k5{, pgLx?sf] cfqmf]z 5 .

gu/k|d'v ofbj k6s—k6s ef/tLox?n] gful/stf lng ;kmn ePsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ cfkm"n] ;a} gu/jf;Lx?nfO{ lrGg g;Sg] xNsf ts{ lbg'x'G5 . j8faf6 l;kmfl/z cfPkl5 j8fWoIfsf] ljZjf;df kmf]6f] k|dfl0ft ug'{k5{, gu/k|d'v ofbjn] eGg'eof] . pxf“n] cfqmf]z JoQm ub}{ cfkm" sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] v08df /f}tx6af6 ;}of}“ ef/tLox?n] g]kfnL gful/stf lnPsf] /x:o vf]Ng] atfpg'eof] .

æt/fO{ If]qdf gful/stfsf] ;d:of 5 eg]/ hgk|ltlglwx? g} ;+;b ysf{p“5g\ . csf]{tkm{ :jod\ hgk|ltlglwx? g} ;of}“ ef/tLonfO{ x/]s jif{ g]kfnL gful/stf lbnfp“5g\Æ— uf}/ gkfsf] pQm 36gfsf] ;Gbe{df Ps a'l4hLjLsf] l6Kk0fL 5 .

/f}tx6af6, /Tg clwsf/L

PSo'k~r/ M hgsk'/df nf]slk|o

aiff}{b]lv l;ofl6sf /f]uaf6 u|l;t c?0fs'df/n] g]kfnsf bzf}“ 8fS6/ b]vfP . pkrf/sf] gfddf xhf/f}“ vr{ u/] . ;Ldfkf/L ljxf/sf] k6gf;Dd klg k'u] . t/ /f]uaf6 d'lQm kfPgg\ . pgL x}/fg lyP . Pshgf ;Hhgsf] ;Nnfxkl5 pgL hgsk'/l:yt ev{/} v'n]sf] PSo'k~r/ c:ktfndf k'u] . Ps dlxgf;Dd nuftf/ ;'O/f] 3f]Rg] k|0ffnL -PSo'k~r/_sf] pkrf/kl5 pgL k"0f{ :j:y aGg k'u] .

To:t} hgsk'/d} a;f]jf; ug]{ sNkgfb]jL klg 6fpsf] b'Vg] / clgb|fsf] aiff}{ k'/fgf] /f]uaf6 PSo'k~r/sf] ;xfotfn] d'Qm eOg\ .

c?0fs'df/ / sNkgfb]jL dfq xf]Ogg\, hgsk'/ / cf;kf;sf If]qsf xhf/f}“ /f]uLx? PSo'k~r/ c:ktfnsf] ;xof]un] /f]ud'Qm ePsf 5g\ . pgLx?;“u s;}n] /f]usf af/]df s'/f ubf{ PSo'k~r/ c:ktfn hfg] ;'emfj lbG5g\ . c:ktfn :yfkgfsf] klxnf] ^ dlxgfd} tLg xhf/ /f]uLx? lgsf] eP/ u};s]sf 5g\— c:ktfn k|d'v lrlsT;s ;Togf/fo0f zfx eGg'x'G5 .

c:ktfn k|d'v zfxsf cg';f/, hf]gL{ b'Vg], 3'“8f b'Vg], sDd/ b'Vg], Uofl:6«s, l;ofl6sf, lduL{, kIff3ft, kf]lnof], 6fpsf] b'Vg], clgGb|f, dfl;s u8j8L, dw'd]x, /Qmrfk, lk;fjsf] u8j8L, xfO8«f]zLn, cf“vfdf kfgL cfpg], sfg g;'Gg], bd, vf]sL, xftv'§f sfDg] nufotsf /f]uaf6 kLl8tx? c:ktfndf cfpg] ub{5g\ . o:tf /f]ux? PSo'k~r/ k4ltaf6 w]/} xb;Dd 7Ls x'G5g\ df}lS;j]zg Pzf]l;o;g blIf0f sf]l/ofsf lgb]{zs k|f]=8L=nL=xf]+u h] eGg'x'G5 . kf“rxhf/ jif{ k"j{ rLgdf cfljisf/ ePsf] PSo'k~r/ k4ltdf sf]l/og a}lz6\on] km/s NofPsf] 5 . jN8{ PSo'k~r/ ;le{; Pzf]l;o;g Pjd\ jN8{ cSo'k+r/ sn]h km]8/]zgsf cWoIf;d]t /xg' ePsf 8f=nL=xf]+u h]n] cfkm" g]kfndf c:ktfn / sn]h :yfkgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;DefJotf cWoog ug{ cfPsf] atfp“b} eGg'eof] . 8f=nL=sf cg';f/ of] k4ltaf6 xft v'§f ef“lrPsf] x}hf / SofG;/df Tolt k|efjsf/L geP klg /f]u k|lt/f]w ug]{ zlQm a9fpg rflx“ d2t k'U5 .

blIf0f sf]l/ofdf ;+rflnt PSo'k~r/ lrlsT;f k|0ffnL cg';f/ z/L/sf d'Vo #^! tyf cGo d]l/l8og jfx]ssf ljGb'x?df /f]u cg';f/ km/s km/s ljGb'df ;'O{+ 3';fP/ pkrf/ ul/G5 . PSo'k~r/ pkrf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] cf}iflw jf /;fog k|of]u ul/b}g . /, ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIf rflx+ PSo'k~r/ lrlsT;f k4ltsf] s'g} æ;fO8 Okm]S6Æ x'“b}g .

sf7df8f}+df ;'ljwf ;DkGg c:ktfn aGg]

PSo'k~r/ d]l8snsf k|d'v 8f=;Togf/fo0f ;fxsf cg';f/, jN8{ PSo'k~r/ ;le{; Pzf]l;o;g Pjd\ g]kfn sf]l/of a'l4i6 PSo'k~r/ ;+3åf/f hgsk'/kl5 cj sf7df8f}+df sn]h ;+rfng x'g] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . 8f=nLn] pQm sn]haf6 g]kfndf PSo'k~r/sf] pkrf/ / cWoogdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'Ug] ljZjf; lng' ePsf] 5 .

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af3df/f cltqmd0fM ;ftxhf/ ;fd'bflos jgsf] cl:tTjsf] k|Zg

s/La $ ;o x]S6/ hldgdf km}lnPsf] :yfgLo af3df/f ;fd'bflos jgdf cltqmd0f u/L s]xL JolQmx?n] hUuf ef]urng ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] sf/0f :yfgLo afl;Gbfx? ddf{xt ePsf 5g\ .

af3df/f jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf cWoIf lji0f'k|;fb cof{nsf cg';f/, cltqmd0fsf/Lx?n] @)$^ ;fn r}t @( ut] tTsfnLg jg ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]usf /]uaxfb'/ ;'j]bLsf] Psn lg0f{oaf6 ! ;o $) laufxf hldgdf cfkm\gf] bfaL hgfp“b} ef]urng ug]{ k|of; ub}{ cfPsf x'g\ . t/, a5f}nLaf;Lx? cfkm\gf] ;fd'bflos jgdf pgLx?nfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf a:g glbg] b[9tf JoQm ub{5g\ .

xf]6n Joj;foL ljkL rf}w/Lsf cg';f/, pQm ;fd'bflos jg !%÷!^ j6f u}+8f, af3, lrt'jf, ljleGg lsl;dsf d[u tyf ! ;o *@ lsl;dsf r/fr'?+uLx?sf] af;:yfg ag]sf] 5 . vu]/L Pj+ a"9L /fKtL gbLdf x'g] 8'+uf ljxf/ tyf ko{6gaf6 ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ jif]{gL @) b]lv @% nfv cfDbfgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;f] cfDbfgLaf6 o; If]qdf jgh+unsf] ;+/If0f, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;8s, t6aGwg, uf]a/ Uof“; tyf dlxnf ;Lkd"ns tflnd h:tf sfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug] u/]sf] 5 . clxn] cfP/ oxL h+undfly e"—dflkmofx?sf] s'b[li6 kl//x]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; lrtjgsf cWoIf 6]sk|;fb u'?ª pQm hldg JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ x'g' x'“b}gYof], b'ef{Uosf] s'/f ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 eGg] lrtjgsf sf+u|];sf ;b:o /fdrGb| clwsf/L lj=;+= @)$^ ;fnb]lv >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if tyf zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] ;xof]udf j[Iff/f]k0f tyf tf/af/ u/L lhNnf jg sfof{no lrtjgåf/f ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] atfpg'x'G5 . æo:tf] jgnfO{ ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] nuQ} hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o x'g' 7"nf] z+sfsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 / o; ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] v08g gug'{ cfZro{sf] ljifo ePsf] 5®— sf+u|];sf lhNnf ;b:o clwsf/L eGg'x'G5 .

o;}aLr af3df/f ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ h+unsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu / e"—dflkmofx?nfO{ lg?T;flxt tyf c;kmn kfg{sf nflu ;lqmo x'g'kg]{ dGqfnox? / e"ld;'wf/ dGqfnosf] e"ldsf :yfgLo hgtf / lrtjgaf;Ls} nflu cfZro{sf] ljifo ag]sf] atfPsf] 5 . a5f}nL uflj;, af3df/f jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, xf]6n tyf ;fd'bflos ;ldlt ;d]t / :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] tkm{af6 ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu w]/}k6s cfu|x cg'/f]w ubf{ klg >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;DalGwt dGqfnox?n] j]jf:tf u/]sf] s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h cGt/ut dWojtL{ If]qdf kg]{ pQm :yfgdf dWojtL{sf] lgodfjnL cg'?k s'g} klg JolQmn] hldg ef]urng ug{ kfp“b}g t/ lgs'~hn] o; ljifodf s'g} jf:tf gu/L sf/jfxLsf] s'g} klg sbd rfn]sf] b]lv+b}g . oBlk, lgs'~hsf k|d'v ;+/Ifs clws[t uf]kfnk|;fb pkfWofo af3df/f ;fd'bflos jg ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf /xg ;s]g eg] g]kfnsf cGo s'g} klg ;fd'bflos jgx? ;kmn gx'g] ts{ /fVg'x'G5 .

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