sf7df08f}+, dfu{ )! @)%(

cg'ej cGtjftf{

of] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ ug{ ;Sb}g

k"0f{dfg zfSo, ;x–k|fWofks, g]kfn n SofDk;

;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt k|fjwfgaf6 /fHo ;~rfng ug{ sl7gfO{ k/]sf]n] ‘afwf c8\sfp’sf] k|fjwfg k|of]u ug{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] >L % df l;kmfl/z u/]kl5 /fhfaf6 cfkm\gf] cg's'n ;+ljwfgsf] JofVof u/L k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g ubf{ >L % df ;+ljwfg ldr]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 . Psyl/ /fhgLlt1x?, sfg'gljb\x?, >L % af6 Tof] q'l6 ;Rofpg'kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ pgLx?df klg Psdt 5}g . b]pjfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;/sf/sf] k'gM:yfkgf rflxPsf] 5, g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ ;+;b\sf] k'gM:yfkgf jf !@*-@_ sf] dd{ cg'?ksf] ;/sf/, Pdfn]nfO{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/;lxtsf] ;/sf/ / r'gfjsf] ldlt . ca lgsf; s] x'G5 < ;+j}wflgs k|lqmof s;/L cufl8 hfg'k5{ t < o;sf nflu b]zfGt/n] g]kfn n SofDk;sf ;+j}wflgs sfg'gsf ;xk|fWofks k"0f{dfg zfSonfO{ pko'Qm ;Dem\of] . lbNnL o'lgel;{6L -k|yd >]0fLdf k|yd_ sf]nlDaof n :s'n, cd]l/sfaf6 -km'na|fO6 :sn/zLkdf_ Pn=Pn=Pd= ug'{ePsf ;xk|fWofks zfSo;"u afa'/fd cof{n n] jftf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|:t't 5, jftf{sf] d"n c+z–

) clxn]sf] ;+ljwfg hLljt d[t s] 5 < b]z s;/L rn]sf] 5 <

of] ;+ljwfg g hLljt 5 g d[t 5 cyf{t\ ;:k]08]8 Plgd];gdf /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ wf/f !@& df c8\ls/x]sf] ;+ljwfg klg eGg ;lsG5 . wf/f !@& df c8\lsPsf] ;+ljwfg x'gfn] ;Dk"0f{ zf;g Joj:yfsf] cfwf/ vf]Hg ufx|f] 5 .

) ca ;+ljwfgnfO{ s;/L hLljt t'Nofpg ;lsG5 t <

clxn]sf] cj:yfdf of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ hlt;Sbf] rf"8} wf/f !@& af6 d'Qm u/]/ zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs k|lqmofdf Nofpg'kg]{ l:ylt 5 . o;sf] cy{ clxn] ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfkm\gf] k/:k/ :jfy{x¿nfO{ e'n]/ hlt;Sbf] rf"8f] cfdlgjf{rg u/fpg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L lgjf{rgaf6 ;+;b\ :yfkgf u/L To;af6 hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/ :yflkt u/]/ ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{jt\ cj:yfdf Nofpg ;lsG5 .

) c;f]h !* ut]sf] uNtL g;RofO{ r'gfjdf hf"bf To;n] j}wflgstf kfpnf <

Pp6f uNtLnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ csf]{ uNtL ug{' klg x'"b}g . uNtLnfO{ ;Rofpg csf]{ uNtL u/ eGg' x'"b}g . a? uNtL s;/L ;Rofpg] eGg] s'/fn] 7"nf] dxTj /fV5 . uNtL ;Rofpg] eGbf klg clxn] s;/L ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"j{jt\ l:yltdf Nofpg] t eGg] s'/f 7"nf] xf] . :jR5, :jtGq lgjf{rgaf6 k|ltlglw ;efsf] :yfkgf / To; k|ltlglw ;efsf] ljZjf; k|fKt ;/sf/sf] u7g / Tof] ;/sf/sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltaf6 >L % dxf/fhflw/fhn] zf;g Joj:yf ;+rfng ug]{ Joj:yfsf] k'gM:yfkgf ug'{ g} xfd|f] d"n p2]Zo x'g'k5{ . To;f] ubf{ o; aLrdf !* ut]sf] 3f]if0ff / To;kl5sf] dlGqd08n u7g h:tf h]–hlt s'/f eP To;nfO{ ;+j}wflgs lgsfo qmddf, ck|Tofl;t 36gfsf] ?kdf e'n]/ ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{ hLjg lbg'kb{5 .

) /fhfn] u/]sf sfdnfO{ o;/L dfkm ub}{ hf"bf ;w}"el/ of] af6f] v'Nb}g < /fhf ;+ljwfg aflx/ /xg] cj:yf cfp"b}g <

wf/f !@& b]z, sfn / kl/l:ylt x]/]/ slxn] sxL"dfq} k|of]u ug]{ wf/f xf] . /fhfnfO{ dg nfu]sf] a]nfdf k|of]u ul/g] wf/f xf]Og . olb !@& sf] gfddf k6s k6s ;+ljwfg pNn+3g x'"b} hfG5 eg] To;sf] ;dfwfg cbfnt / ;+ljwfgn] lbg ;Sb}g . of] t /fhgLlt / ;8sn] to u5{ ls ca s] ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] eO/fv]df dof{bf ljk/Lt x'g hfG5 .

) >L % af6} s'g} kxnsf] cf}lrTo 5 <

wf/f !@& sf] k|of]uaf6 cfPsf] ;/sf/sf] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zg /xL g} /xG5 . of] ;/sf/ j}wflgs 5}g, o;df k|Zg lrGx 5 / o;df xfdL ;fd]n x'g' x"'b}g eGg] c8fg lnPsf] v08df cem ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"j{jt\ cj:yfdf Nofpg cem ufx|f] kg{ ;S5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] cj:yfnfO{ cGtl/d Joj:yfsf] ?kdf x]/f}+ / To;nfO{ h]–h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ToxL cj:yfdf /fv]/ ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"j{jt\ cj:yfdf Nofpg :jR5 / :jtGq cfd lgjf{rg x'g;Sg] kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f tof/ u/f}+ / lgjf{rg u/]/ hg–lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf u/]/ ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"j{jt\ l:yltdf NofO{k'¥ofPdf dfq uNtL ;Rofpg]tkm{ 7f]; sbd x'G5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ eGg] rflx+ cJojxfl/s s'/f xf] . To;sf] s'g} cf}lrTo /x"b}g . d'n'sdf cfh;Dd h]–hlt 36gfx¿ 36] tL ;a} s'/fx¿sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ cj;/ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfnfO{ g} lbg'k5{ . Tof] d"Nof+sg ug]{ k|lqmof eg]sf] g} cfdlgjf{rg xf] . of] cfdlgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{sf nflu eg] h]–h:tf] /fhgLlts ;dembf/Lsf] cfjZostf kb{5 Tof] ;dembf/L Nofpgsf nflu ax'bnLo kIfw/, ;+ljwfg aflx/ ;+3if{ ul//fv]sf] zlQm / /fhf tLg} kIf ldn]/ of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ s;/L k"j{jt\ l:yltdf Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf s'g} j}/efj g/fvL jftf{nfk x'g' h?/L 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yf eg]sf] lgs} t/n /x]sf] cj:yf xf] . of] cj:yfdf /fhg}lts bnx¿n] cfkm\gf] JolQmut :jfy{eGbf klg ax'bnLo k|hftGqnfO{ k"j{jt\ cj:yfdf s;/L n}hfg] / d'n'snfO{ s;/L /fxt lbg] eGg] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

) clxn]sf] ;/sf/ wf/f !@& sf] efjgf cGtu{t g} ag]sf] xf] t <

ljutdf wf/f !@& sf] k|of]u u/]/ h]–hlt sfd s'/fx¿ eP To;sf] j}wtfsf] ;DaGwdf clxn];Dd cf}krfl/s Joj:yf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf] 5}g . clxn];Dd wf/f !@& cGtu{t h]–hlt s'/fx¿ eP tL s'/fx¿nfO{ wf/f !@& nfO{ k|of]ustf{x¿n] ;+ljwfg cg's"n eg]/ bfjL ul//fv]sf 5g\ . !@& sf] k|of]uaf6 df/df k/]sf kIfx¿n] rflx+ of] c;+j}wflgs eof] eg]/ eGg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/, oL ;a} ts{x¿sf] clGtd 6'Ëf] nufpg] ynf] jf:tjdf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt g} xf] . h;n] To:tf] clGtd Joj:yfsf] ?kdf JofVof gu/]sf] cj:yfdf To;sf] k|of]ustf{x¿n] k|f/lDes JofVof :jtM ug]{ g} eP . t/, Tof] cfkm\gf] 7fp"df /fv] tfklg ;+/rgfsf d"No / dfGotfx¿sf] ljk/Lt k|of]u ug'{ x'"b}gYof] . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo ;+ljwfgsf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . /, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ /fhfn] klxn] klg hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltaf6 sfd ug{'kb{5 . ;"u;"u} ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/af6 s'g} lsl;dsf] cJojxfl/s / c;+j}wflgs of hgtfsf] lxt ljk/Lt s'g} k|:tfj NofPsf] v08df To:tf] k|:tfj lnP/ cfPsf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;+j}wflgs /fhfsf] x}l;otn] p;nfO{ ;r]t ug]{, p;nfO{ ;'emfj lbg], p;nfO{ ;Demfpg], a'emfpg] / q'6L ;RofpgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] sfo{ ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgs bfloTj /fi6«fWoIfdf /xG5 . c;f]h !* ut]sf] 3f]if0ffdf tTsfnLg dlGqkl/ifb\ / >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaLrsf] h'g ;Djfb cfbfg–k|bfg eof] To;df >L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf] To:tf] lsl;dsf] e"ldsf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq cg';f/sf] gePsf] b]lvG5 . To;n] ubf{ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf /fhf / ;/sf/aLrsf] ;DaGwdf Psbd} ;'dw'/ ;DaGw cfjZos x'G5 / /fhfn] lgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ Pp6f bfz{lgs / lgb]{zssf] ?kdf uNtL u/]sf] cj:yfdf gbf]xf]¥ofpg ;Rofpg] df}sf lbg] / k|f]T;fxg lbg] sfd ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfp"5 .

) wf/f !@& df /fhfsf] l:ylt s] xf] <

wf/f !@& k|of]u ubf{ /fhfsf] l:ylt s] x'g'kb{Yof] eg] ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf k|lts"nsf] k|:tfj lnP/ cfPsf] 5 eg] p;nfO{ ;r]t ug]{, ;Nnfx lbg] ug{'kb{Yof] . ;fdfGotofM >L % sf nflu !@& sf] k|of]u ubf{ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/; afWosf/L g} x'G5 . t/, s'g}s'g} a]nfdf /fhfn] ;Nnfx, ;'emfj / ;r]t ubf{ klg Tof] s'/fnfO{ ;/sf/n] u+eL/ ?kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . /, To;df k'glj{rf/ ug'{kg]{ p;sf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTj x'G5 . t/, dlGqkl/ifb\n] ;f]xL adf]lhd u/L kfp" eg]/ c8fg lnG5 eg] ;+j}wflgs bfo/fnfO{ @ j6f ljsNk x'g;S5 . Pp6f, ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /fo dfUg], csf]{, ;f]xL l;kmfl/; adf]lhd sfd ug]{ .

) o:tf] s'/fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /fo dfUg' hfoh x'GYof] <

sd;]sd o; ljifodf ;fj{hlgs ax; t x'GYof] . Plds; So"/L af]nfO{ ax; x'GYof] / Goflos ljj]rgf x'GYof] . To;af6 of] kl/l:ylt cfpgaf6 hf]ufpg klg ;lsGYof] ls .

) c;f]h !* ut]eGbf cufl8 s] u/]sf] eP of] l:ylt 6b{Yof] <

r'gfj g} ;a}yf]s lyof] . r'gfj u/]sf] eP of] l:ylt g} cfp"b}g lyof] .

) wf/f !@& sf] ;Lldttf rflx+ s] xf] <

wf/f !@& sf] k|of]u ubf{ o;sf] ;Lldttf s] xf] eg] of] hlxn] klg dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltdf k|of]u ug]{ wf/f xf] . o;df wf/f #%-@_ cfslif{t x'G5 . bf];|f], of] Joj:yf d'n'sdf cfPsf] ck|Toflzt / csNkgLo eofjx kl/l:yltnfO{ ;+ljwfg cg's"n kf/]/ kf/ nufpg k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ xf] . o;sf] k|s[lt eg]sf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ k|s[ltsf] g} xf] . t/, o;n] ;+ljwfgdf tTsfn cfPsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;+ljwfg cg's"n t'NofP/ kf/ nufpg k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ ePtf klg of] cfkm}+df ;+ljwfgeGbf dflysf] clwsf/ rflx+ xf]Og . ;+ljwfgleq} k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ xf] . To;sf/0fn] To;sf] k|of]udf klg cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf;"u aflemg] u/L k|of]u ug'{x'"b}g . t];|f], of] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]/ df}lns xsx¿nfO{ klg xgg ug{ kfOb}+g . bf;9'+ufsf] ;Gbe{df ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] JofVof ul/;s]sf] 5 . csf]{, ;fdfGo P]g agfP/ afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] cj:yfdf of] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf cfp"b}g . oL $ j6f s'/fnfO{ !@& k|of]u ubf{ Wofg /fVg'kb{5 .

) clxn]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffn] ;d:of ;dfwfg eof] t <

clxn]sf] 3f]if0ffn] ;d:of management u/]sf] xf] ls agrivet u/]sf] xf] Tof] /fhgLlts s'/f xf] . clxn] cl3 eg] h:t} ;:k]08]8 P]lgd];gsf] l:yltdf 5 . a? o;nfO{ k"j{jt\ Nofpg'kg]{ l:ylt 5 . Tof] k"j{jt\ l:yltdf Nofpg] eg]sf] Pp6} pkfo lgjf{rg g} xf] .

) To;f] xf] eg] b]pjfsf] ljsNk rGb s;/L eP t < lsgls s'g} tflTjs km/s t b]lvPg ;+/rgfdf <

d}n] ljsNk eof] eGg vf]h]sf] xf]Og . klxnf h] x'g' eof], eOxfNof] / ca eljiodf j}wtf s;/L u/fpg] t < lgsf; s;/L lbg] t o;sf] < eGg] ;Gbe{df dfq} r'gfj ljsNk xf] eg]sf] xf] . r'gfj u/]/ k|ltlglw;ef u7g ug{ ;s]sf] v08df, Tof] k|ltlglw ;efn] Pp6f lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;s]sf] v08df ;+ljwfg k"j{jt\ cj:yfdf cfp"5 . To;/L rGb ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lgjf{rgaf6 ul7t k|ltlglw;efsf] j}wtf s] t < eGg] k|Zg cfPsf] v08df of] k|ltlglw ;efsf] j}wtf k|ltlglw;efn] lbg] xf]Og . Tof] k|ltlglw ;efsf] j}wtf eg]sf] hgtfsf] cledt -Dof08]6_ n] lbg] xf] . hgtfn] :jR5, :jtGq lgjf{rgaf6 dtbfg u/]/ lgjf{lrt u/L k|ltlglw ;efsf] j}wtf /xg] xf], rGb ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ug]{ j}wtf xf]Og . s;n] lgjf{rg u¥of] eGbf klg s;/L lgjf{rg eof] eGg] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . olb Tof] ;xL lgjf{rg eP5 eg] Tof] lgjf{rgaf6 u7g ePsf] k|ltlglw;ef j}w x'G5 .

) rGb ;/sf/sf] j}wflgstfsf] :t/ s] xf] t <

lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] :t/df of] 5"b} 5}g . clxn] jftf{sf] s'/f cfO/fv]sf] 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df o;n] dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ ug{ ;Sb}g . lsgls Dof08]6 ljgfsf] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ ubf{v]/L To;sf] lbuf]kg slQsf] x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . t/, lgjf{rg ug{ klg dfcf]jfbL;"u s'g} g s'g} lsl;dsf] ;xdlt x'g' cfjZos x'g;Snf . rGb ;/sf/n] ug]{ eg]sf] cgf}krfl/s ;xdlt Tof] klg lgjf{rg u/fpg], jftfj/0f agfpg] ;Gbe{df ug{ ;S5 . t/, ;+ljwfgsf df}lns k|s[ltdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] ljifoj:t'df dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ u/]/ lg0f{o ug{nfO{ rflx+ lgjf{lrt ;/sf/s} cfjZostf kb{5 . lkk'nsf] Dof08]6 rflxG5 . Tof] geP;Dd ;+ljwfgsf df}lns s'/fx¿df jftf{ u/]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg eP klg To;sf] j}wtfdf k|Zg lrGx v8f x'G5 .

) clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ )$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngtfsfsf] zlQm ;Gt'ngn] k|ltlglwTj u5{ elgG5 . t/, clxn] zlQm ;Gt'ng kl/jt{g ePsf] elgG5 o:tf] l:yltdf ;+j}wflgs ljsf;sf] qmddf ;+ljwfgnfO{ s;/L n}hfg ;lsG5 < clxn] s] ug{ ;S5f}+ <

clxn] ug]{ eg]sf] dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ u/]/ r'gfj x'g] jftfj/0f agfpg] xf] . lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 Tof] ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ k¥of] ls, Pp6f gof" ;+ljwfgsf] th'{dflt/ hfg] xf] ls . o:tf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{odf kxn ug{ ;S5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cGo s'g} sbd rfNg' eGbf cufl8 k|ltlglw;efsf] clt cfjZostf /x]sf] l:ylt 5 .

csf]{ s'/f, zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ ;+j}wflgs ljsf;df cGt/lglxt ug]{ k|Zg 5, cyf{t\ o; ;+ljwfg cGtu{t zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ k'g;{+/lrt ug'{k¥of] eGg] l:yltdf o;sf] cfkm\g} ;Lldttf 5 . Tof] ;Lldttf eg]sf] o;sf] ckl/jt{gLo k|s[lt g} xf] . t/, s'g} klg ;+zf]wg ;+ljwfgsf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf eGbf aflx/ hfg} ;Sb}g . of] zlQm ;Gt'ngdf >L % sf] l:ylt alnof] agfpg' k¥of] eg] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq afws aGb5 . To:t} dfcf]jfbLsf] zlQmnfO{ ;Gt'lnt ug]{ lx;fan] ;dfhjfbL k|0ffnL Nofpg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ eGof] eg] ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] l;4fGt afws x'g;S5 . To;}n] k|d'v zlQmx¿nfO{ ;dflxt ug{ oxL ;+ljwfgnfO{ g} k'g;+{/rgf ug]{ xf] eg] of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ g} k|lt:yfkg ug]{ gof" ;+ljwfgsf] af6f] afx]s cGo s'g} af6f] x'g} ;Sb}g . To:t} ;+ljwfgsf] ljsf; qmddf zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] k|ltlglwTj ;+ljwfgdf u/fpg ;lsPg eg] ;+ljwfgdf …8]8nsÚ cjZo cfp"5 .

) zlQm ;+/rgf x]bf{ clxn] To:tf] vf"rf] 5 <

clxn] t jt{dfg ;+ljwfgnfO{ g} lqmofzLn t'Nofpg'kb{5 .

) To;f] eP dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ;+ljwfgaf6 c;Dej 5}g <

d"ntM dfcf]jfbL ;d:of v/fa zf;gsf] kl/0ffd g} xf] . ;+ljwfgsf] sf/0faf6 g} pAh]sf] eGg cK7\of/f] k5{ .

) dfcf]jfbLx¿ t ;}4flGts ?kdf )$^ ;fneGbf cufl8 g} ;xdt lyP . s;/L s'zf;gsf] kl/0flt eGg ;lsG5 < s] ;+j}wflgs åGå xf]Og t <

t/, To;n] …lks–ckÚ u/]sf] t s'zf;gsf sf/0f g} xf] . pgLx¿ u0ftGq rfxG5g\ . h'g s'/f of] ;+ljwfgaf6 x'g ;Sb}g . ax'bnLo Joj:yfn] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] nIonfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;Sb}g eg] s] x'g;S5 t eg] Pp6f gof" Joj:yf gof" ;+ljwfg x'g;S5 . olb dfcf]jfbLn] aGb'ssf] e/df g} of] s'/fnfO{ p5fn]sf] xf] eg] cfpg] lgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] s;/L lgoGq0f ug]{ eGg]tkm{ ;f]r agfpg'k5{ .

) gof" ;+ljwfgsf] ljsNksf] ?kdf ;+ljwfg;ef slQsf] hfoh 5 t <

;+ljwfg;ef cfkm}+df ;fWo xf]Og, ;fwg dfq} xf] . a]nfotdf ;+ljwfg;ef slxNo} ePg . t/, ;+ljwfg;efn] ug]{ sfd ;Dk"0f{ hglgjf{lrt ;+;b\n] g} u5{ . xfd|f] g]kfndf clxn];Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj u/]/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ePsf] 5}g . ;+ljwfg;ef eg]sf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfn] cfkm\gf] zlQmsf] k|of]usf] r/d ?k xf] . Tof] k|hftGqsf] r/dljGb' g} xf] . Tof] ;+ljwfg;ef u7g eP/ ;+ljwfg agfpg] qmddf s'g} lsl;dsf] k"j{ zt{ eg] /fVg ;lsb}+g . Tof] cfkm}+df /fhgLlts ?kdf ;+k|e' lgsfo xf] . o;n] ;+ljwfg agfpg o:tf] lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5, p:tf] lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 eg]/ eGg kfOb}+g . ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg] ;Gbe{df jt{dfg zlQm ;+/rgf x]bf{ of] s'/f slQsf] Jojxfl/s x'g;S5 eGg] l:ylt b]lvb}+g . clxn] g} ;+ljwfg;ef Jojxfl/s ljsNk b]lvb}+g . oBlk of] k|hftGqsf] pRr ?k xf], ;Dk|e' klg . o;n] h] klg ug{ ;S5 . o;n] ef]ln g]kfnnfO{ u0ftGq agfp"5 eg]/ eGof] eg] klg u/fpg;S5, ;}4flGts b[li6sf]0fn] . xfd|f] clxn]sf] Jojxfl/s sl7gfO eg]sf] rflx+ …zlQmÚ g} xf] . Jojxfl/s ?kdf hgtfsf] kIfdf cem} zlQm cfPsf] 5}g . c;f]h !* ut]sf] kl/0flt o;}sf] sf/0f xf] . lsgls ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf /fhfn] ;Demfpg'kg]{, a'emfpg'kg]{, ;r]t ug'{kg]{ xf] lsgls l;4fGttM ;/sf/ t >L % s} dfgL cfPsf] xf] lg † >L % sf] ;/sf/ g} xf] . >L % n] cfkm\gf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;Rofpg' kf] kYof]{ t . t/ To:tf] b]lvPg .

) c;f]h !* sf] 3f]if0ff x]bf{ hgtf ;fj{ef}d nfUb}g xf]Og / <

>L % sf] 3f]if0ff ;+ljwfg aflx/af6 ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] . o;nfO{ yk elg/xg cfjZos b]lvb}+g .

) clxn] h:t} /fhf / kf6L{x¿aLrsf] åGådf j[l4 x'"b} uof] eg] ‘u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg’ slt glhs 5 <

Tof] /fhgLlts lkmN8sf] jf:tljstfn] lgb]{z u5{ . dfcf]jfbLn] g]uf]l;P;g Toltv]/ u5{g\ ha pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] nIok|lt lglZrt 5}gg\ . olb pgLx¿;"u lglZrt nIo 5 eg] pgLx¿n] g]uf]l;P6 ub}{ ub}{gg\ . To:t} ;Qf kIfn] klg dfcf]jfbLnfO{ bdg ug]{ kIfdf lglZrt 5g\ eg] pgLx¿ klg g]uf]l;P;gdf hf"b}gg\ . pm bdg ug]{ s'/fdf lglZrt 5}g eg] dfq} p;n] g]uf]l;P6 ub{5 . of] lkmN8 jf:tljstf s] x'G5 To;df e/ kb{5 .

) ;+ljwfgsf] ;'?jftb]lv g} o;nfO{ c;kmn agfpg] k|of; ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 <

o; ;+ljwfg nfu" ePb]lv g} o;k|lt h'g k|sf/sf] lgMzt{ jkmfbfl/tf /xg'kg]{ xf], Tof] b]lvPg . To;f] ePsf] x'gfn] o;n] ax'bnLo Joj:yfn] ;+:yfut ?k lng], ;+ljwfgn] lbuf] cfwf/ kfpg] s'/fx¿df k|Zg lrGx ;'?b]lv g} lyof] . s'g} klg ;+ljwfg lbuf] x'g w]/} s'/fx¿n] e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . h:t}M /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{, gful/s ;dfh ;r]t / ;+ul7t eP/ a:g] ldl8ofn] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ cflb . d"n s'/f t /fh;+:yfsf] of] Joj:yfk|lt cf:yf w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . oL ;a} s'/fsf] ;ld>0faf6 ;+ljwfg / Joj:yfn] lbuf]kgf xfl;n u5{ .

) /fhtGq / k|hftGq k/:k/ jlxu{t Joj:yf x'g t <

/fhtGq / k|hftGq;"u;"u} hfg] Pp6} cfwf/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq xf] . ha ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] l;4fGt kl/Tofu ul/G5 ta Toxf" k|hftGq / /fhtGq ;"u;"u} hfg ;Sb}g . To;}n] @)$^ ;fnkl5 ;+ljwfg agfp"bf k|hftGq / /fhtGq ;"u} hfg ;Sg] d"n cfwf/sf] ?kdf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . o; l;4fGtn] s] eG5 eg] /fhf cfPsf] 7fp"df /fi6«fWoIfsf] ?kdf /xg] t/ Tof] /fhtGqdf k|zf;g / zf;g ug]{ lhDd]jf/L rflx+ Tof] ;/sf/n] kfp"5 h'g ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'G5 . Tof] ;/sf/sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddlt cg';f/ ug]{ afx]s cGo /fhtGq x'g} ;Sb}g .

) jt{dfg ;+ljwfgdf k|o'Qm k|fjwfgnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;+j}wflgs ?kdf oL b'O{ kIf ;x–cl:tTj sfod ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5g\ <

o:tf] …k|m]djs{Ú t lbPsf] 5 t/ Tof] …k|m]djs{Ú leq sfd ug]{n] o; cGt/ut /x]/ sfd u/] eg] dfq} of] ;Dej 5 .

) clxn] k"0f{ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq x'g g;s]sf] dfu cfO/fv]sf] 5 lg <

xfd|f] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/]sf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq k"0f{ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq eg] kSs} xf]Og . k|:tfjgfdf g} …;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{Ú eGg] jfSof+z k/]sf]n] klg o;df ;'wf/sf] u'~hfo; b]lvG5 . h:t}M ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ /fhfn] ug]{ x/]s sfdsf] cufl8 Pp6f lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] cf8 x'G5 . o;n] lhDd]jf/L axg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;n] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ eg]sf] /fhfn] p;sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltdf sfd ug'{ xf] . csf]{, pQ/flwsf/L;DaGwL P]g h;sf] lgdf{0f >L % af6 :jo+ lgdf{0f ul/aS;G5 . of] ;'wf/sf] ljifo xf] . a]nfotdf …pQ/flwsf/ P]gÚ ;+;b\af6 kfl/t x'G5 . To:t} ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ klg ;'wf/sf] csf]{ kIf x'g;S5 . o;n] k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ eg]sf]] lgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] ug]{ sfo{ xf] . of] dlGqkl/ifb\n] k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ xf] t/ ;+ljwfg nu]/ ;'/Iff kl/ifb\df /flvlbPsf] 5 . oL afx]s cGo sltko s'/fx¿ klg ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ /x]sf 5g\ .

klxnf] kfgf | ljljw | ;Dkfblso | dgf]/~hg | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f | v]ns'b