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s]xL jif{ klxn]sf] s'/f xf] . ndh'Ësf] Pp6f ufp“n] ahf/l:yt dfWolds ljBfnosf] k|fË0fdf lzIfs cleefjs / lzIffk|]dLx¿ 5nkmn ub}{ lyP . ljBfnosf] k|fylds txdf ljBfyL{ egf{ / pkl:ylt 36\bf] /x]5 . t/ glhs v'n]sf] Pp6f 5fk|] æaf]l8{Ë :s'nÆ df egf{sf] rfk eg] a9\bf]/x]5 . o:tf] lsg x'g uof] eGg] k|;Ë p7\gf;fy, Pshgf lzIfsn] d'v kmf]/] …c¿sf] t s'/} 5f]l8lbp“", d o;} ljBfnodf k9fpg] lzIfsn] klg cfk\mgf] 5f]/fnfO{ oxf“af6 lems]/ Toxf“ egf{ u/]sf] 5' . ca c¿ ufp“n]n] To;f] ug{df s] cfZro{ eof] / †Ú Tof] ljBfno, h;nfO{ ufp“n] cfkm+}n] cfkmgf] ;|f]t / >dn] agfPsf lyP, rnfPsf lyP, 6f9f 6f9faf6 lzIfs NofP/ k9fpg] Joj:yf u/]sf lyP . @)@* ;fnsf] …gof“ lzIff k|0ffnLÚn] ;/sf/Ls/0f u¥of] . To;kl5 hgtfn] :s'n xfd|f] xf] eg]/ a'em\g kfPgg\ .

Toltv]/sf ljBfyL{ :gfts eO;s]kl5 To;} ljBfnosf lzIfs eP5g\ . oL :gfts lzIfsx¿ tflnd k|fKt 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] of]Uotfdf / 3/kfO{ k/]sf] tna eQfdf klg vf]6 nufpg] 7fp“ 5}g . ;a} x[i6k'i6 g} 5g\ . ljBfno ejg, kmlg{r/, z}lIfs ;fdu|L, v]ns"b d}bfgdf klg bf]if b]vfpg] s'/f vf; s]xL 5}g . t/ Pp6} dfq lzsfot 5, …lgoldt k9fO x'"b}g . lzIfsx¿ clwsf+z kf6L{ut /fhgLltdf Jo:t 5g\ . lzIfs–lzIfs, ljBfyL{–ljBfyL{, lzIfs–ljBfyL{aLr /fhgLltsf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ a]nf–a]nfdf emu8f eO/fV5 .Ú

cufl8sf] 5fk|] af]l8{Ëdf 7fp“ klg 5 . Go"gtd\ k"jf{wf/ klg k'u]sf 5}gg\ . $÷% hgf ldn]/ C0f lnP/ u/]sf] nufgL p7\g] l:ylt 6f9} 5 . of]Uo lzIfs kfpg wf}–wf} 5 . kfOPsf lzIfssf] of]Uotf klg kof{Kt 5}g . t}klg ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9\bf] 5 . k9fO lgoldt x'g]u5{ . lzIfsnfO{ /fhgLlt ug]{ km';{b 5}g . cleefjsn] klg cfk\mgf s]6fs]6Lsf] k9fO n]vfOsf] l:yltaf/] lh1f;f :j¿k k|ltj]bg dfUbf /x]5g\, o:tf] Joj:yf ;/sf/L ljBfnodf 5}g . o;/L g} ha cleefjssf] ljZjf; ;/sf/L ljBfnoaf6 x6\g yfNof], ta d'n'sdf lghL ljBfnox¿ Rofp pd|] em+} pd|g yfn] . lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg] ljBfnoaf6 cfkm\gf] s]6fs]6L lems]/ ;Sg]n] dfl;s ¿= @)) -b'O{ ;o_ ltg'{kg]{ lghL ljBfnodf egf{ ug{ yfn] .

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff s] xf] < Tof] s;/L lng] lbg] eGg]af/] ts{–ljts{ t cfk\mg} 7fp“df 5 . t}klg sf7df8f}+ / d'Vo ;x/L Onfsfsf s]xL ckjfbnfO{ 5f]8]/ x]bf{ ;/sf/L / lghL ljBfnox¿sf] k|ultdf cToGt} 7"nf] km/s eg] b]lvg cfp“5 . P;Pn;L k/LIffnfO{ ;"rs dfGg] xf] eg] vf8n v'n:t b]lvG5 . ut jif{sf] k/LIffdf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf !^ k|ltzt ljBfyL{ dfq pQL0f{ eP . lghL ljBfnoaf6 *$ k|ltzt . of] dfkg cfkm+}df ;a} s'/fn] kof{Kt xf] eGg g;lsPnf . t/ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox¿sf] bfloTjjf]waf/] k|Zg p7\g' t :jefljs} xf] . of]vfnsf] lje]bn] juL{o lzIffnfO{ hGd lbPsf] 5 / d'nsnfO{ g} ljv08gsf] af6f]lt/ ws]ln/x]5 .

Ps ;o rf/ jif{sf] /f0ffsfn / To;cl3sf] ;o jif{sf] zfxsfndf ha o"/f]k / cd]l/sfsf :jtGq d'n'sx¿ j}1flgs, k|fljlws, cf}wf]lus qmflGtdf nfu]/ cfk\mgf] ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf Jo:t lyP . ta …:jtGqÚ g]kfnL ;dfh s'Des0f{ lgb|fdf g} d:t /Xof] . o;sf] dxz'; @))& ;fnkl5 dfq eof] . qmflGtn] g]kfnsf] aGb 9f]sfsf] ef]6] tfNrf km'6flnlbof] / kl5 g]kfnL tyf ljb]zL b'j}nfO{ v'n:t ¿kn] leq aflx/ ug]{ af6f] v'Nof] . o;}n] ufp“ ufp“df z}lIfs hfu/0f ;'¿ u¥of] / 7fp“–7fp“df ljBfnox¿ v'n] . ufp“–ufp“aLr ljBfno vf]Ng] / s]6fs]6LnfO{ ljBfno k7fpg]df :jtM:km"t{ k|lt:kwf{ x'g] uYof]{ . ljBfno sIffleqsf] k9fOsf] u'0ffTds kIfaf/] klg lh1f;fx¿ ;'¿ eO;s]sf lyP . z}lIfs ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0fn] @))& ;fnkl5sf] b'O{ bzsnfO{ :j0fL{d\ o'u eGg ;lsG5, of] hfu/0fdf @)@* df cfP/ /f]s nfUof] . /fHosf] bfloTjsf] gfdn] xf];\ jf k~rfotL clwgfosjfbL Joj:yfn] lzlIft ;d'bfodfly lgoGq0f ug]{ x]t'n] xf];\, ;/sf/n] hg;d'bfoaf6 pgLx¿n] ul/cfPsf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg vf]l;lbof] .

z}lIfs hfu/0f gk'u]sf 7fp“df klg ljBfnox¿ v'Ng hfg' / lzIfsx¿sf] kfl/>lds -hflu/_sf] ;'/Iff x'g'nfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kd} lng'k5{ t/ z}lIfs ljsf;df hgtf k"/} 6fl9b} s]jn ;/sf/sf cfzfd'vLdf ;Lldt aGg k'Ug'nfO{ gsf/fTds kl/0ffds} ?kdf x]g{' kb{5 . o;n] ubf{ Psflt/ cfk\mg} ufp“sf] cfkm+}n] v8f u/]sf] ljBfno hgtfaf6 la/fgf] x"'b} uP eg] csf]{lt/ lzIfsx¿sf] lgi7f rflx ufp“÷6f]naf6 ;b/d'sfd / To;kl5 s]z/dxnlt/ tflgg k'Uof] . ha pgLx¿dfly ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0f @)#^ df cfP/ v'l:sof], /fHozlQm klg lzIff If]qaf6 lg/fz x'"b} uof] . ;fy} ha pgLx¿nfO{ v'nf¿kn] /fhgLlt ug{ 5'6 lbOof] ta sltko lzIfsx¿ /fhg}lts kf6L{sf l;Q}df kfOg] emf]n] sfo{stf{df kl/0ft x'g k'u] . To;}n] clxn]sf] ;ª\qmd0fsfndf bf]xf]/f] kmfOl/Ëdf k/]/ sltko lzIfssf] Hofg hfg k'Uof] eg] sltko rflx+ Hofg hf]ufpg la:yflkt eO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] sltko ufp“sf ljBfnox¿ clxn] lzIfs laxLg x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . lzIff If]qdf d'n'ssf] olt 7"nf] nufgL x'"bf–x'"b} klg of] k"/} dfqdf tx;gx; ePsf] 5 . oxf“ c/fhstf JofKt 5 .

¿;L qmflGtsf] ;'¿–;'¿sf] ;kmntf / bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 ;+;f/df lgs} 7"nf] xnrn cfof] . @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ w]/} k"j{ pklgj]zx¿ :jtGq /fHosf ¿kdf :yflkt eP . :jtGqtf ;]gfgLx¿sf] lzIffbLIff klZrdf b]zdf ePsf] / ;f]leot ;dfhjfbn] gof“ cfsif{0f klg NofPsfn] sltko ef/t h:tf gj:jtGq d'n'sx¿n] pbf/ k|hftflGqs Joj:yfleq ;dfhjfbL cfly{s k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u ug]{ sf]lz; eof] . ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfkg klg o;} ;f]rfO cGtu{t ePsf] xf] . klZrd o"/f]kLo sltko d'n'sx¿df o:tf] ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts Joj:yf ;kmn ¿kn] cufl8 a9]sf] klg kfOG5 . t/ o:tf k|of;x¿ ;'¿–;'¿df g]kfn / cGo gj:jtGq d'n'sx¿df ;kmn h:tf] b]lvof] t/ ltgLx¿sf] l6sfpaf/] eg] clxn] cfP/ lgs} g} k|Zg pl7/x]sf 5g\ .

pk/f]Qm k|of;x¿ k/fk"j{ssfnb]lv :yflkt ;fdGtL Joj:yf;“u 6s/fj x'g hf“bf ck]lIft nfe o:tf d'n'sx¿n] k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf x'g\ . kf6L{ut ¿kdf h:tf];'s} l;4fGt af]s] klg g]t[Tj ju{df Jojxf/df cfp“bf ;dfGtjfbaf6 d'Qm x'g g;s]sf] cg'ej klg 68\sf/} b]lvPsf] 5 . o;n] e|i6frf/ / gjclwgfosjfbnfO{ hGd lbPsf] 5 . ljZjljVoft lzIffljb\ kfpnf] k|m]O/]n] eg] em+} zf]lift ju{n] zf]ifssf] 7fp“ lnb}+df zf]if0fsf] cGTo x'"bf] /x]g5 .

hGdb]lv d[To';Dd hgtfsf] ;'/Iffsf] bfloTj ;a} /fHosf] xf] / /fHo eGg' g} ;/sf/ xf] eGg] dfGotfdf v8f ePsf] ;f]leot ;dfhjfbL k|0ffnL ha ;ft bzs d} w/f;foL eof] ta /fHosf] bfloTjsf] gfddf x'g uPsf sltko clwgfosjfbL Joj:yfx¿sf] klg vQd x'g k'u] . o;n] /fHosf] kl/efiff / ;+/rgfaf/] g} cToGt 7"nf] k|Zg NofPsf] 5 . cflv/ /fHo s] xf] < o;sf] ;+/rgf s:tf] x'g'k5{ < o;sf] bfloTj s] xf] < o;df v'n:ttf x'g g;Sbf / k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfkZrft klg ;/sf/df k'u]sf g]t[Tj ju{df cfPsf] kb e|i6tfn] ubf{ g]kfnL ;dfhdf cToGt 7"nf] e8\sfj / b'/fj:yf cfPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ cfh g]kfnL ;dfh k"/} cfqmfGt 5 .

‘/fHo eg]sf] s]jn ;/sf/ dfq xf]’ eGg] dfGotf ca dl/;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;dfhjfbsf] gfddf o; d[t nf;nfO{ af]sL /fVg ;ls+b}g . To;sf/0f /fHo / ;dfhjfbsf] klg k'gM kl/efiffsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 . cflv/ /fHo s] xf] / p;sf] bfloTj s] xf] < of] s'/f /fd|/L ga'lemsg ljBfnox¿sf] ;fd'bflosLs/0faf/] ;f]Rg} ;ls+b}g . oxL cfP/ -;f]rdf kl/jt{g_ sf] h¿/t 5 . of] gof“ ;f]r cg';f/ /fHosf] kl/efiff s]jn ;/sf/ dfqdf ;Lldt geOsg o;nfO{ ;d'bfo, :yfgLo lgsfo, /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿, gful/s ;dfh, ;/sf/L÷cw{;/sf/L÷ lghL ;+:yfx¿sf] e"ldsfdf Jofks kfl/g'kg]{ x'G5 .

o;/L /fHo Psn w|'jLo zlQmaf6 ax'w'|jLo zlQmx¿sf] ;Gt'ngdf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 . o; Joj:yfdf hgtf g} ;a} s'/fsf] s]Gb|laGb' x'G5 . h;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf k|To]s s'/fdf hgtf cfk"m g} stf{ x'G5 g ls s;}af6 cfzfd'vL eP/ af“Rg] duGt] jf nfeu|fxL dfq . clg o:tf] jx'w|'jLo /fHosf k|To]s kIfx¿sf] cfkmgf]–cfk\mg} vfn] e"ldsf x'G5, h'g tn k|:t't lgb]{lzt l;4fGt cg';f/ Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g'kb{5 .

lgb]{lzt l;4fGtx¿

!= hgtf :jo+ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg x'g\ eGgfn] cfk\mgf] eljiosf lgdf{tf pgLx¿ cfkm+} x'g\ . To;}n] lzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jfnufot ;a} ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿, h'g pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] ¿kfGt/0fdf ;xof]uL x'G5g\, ltgsf] s]Gb|ljGb' hgtf cfkm} x'g\ . To;sf/0f o:tf sfo{qmdsf d'Vo stf{ g} hgtf x'g\ , g ls ltgLx¿sf s]jn lgliqmo nfeu|fxL dfq ;r]ttf tyf ;zQmtf ;lqmotfsf cfwf/zLnf ePsfn] lgl:qmo /x]sf hgtfnfO{ ;lqmo aGgsf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg /fHosf ljleGg cËsf cfk\mgf–cfk\mgf e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L x'G5g\ hf] pgLx¿n] k"/f ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . k|To]s kIfn] cfkmgf] / csf{sf] e"ldsfsf] Vofn /fvL ;xsfo{df pqg' kg]{ cfjZostf g} s'g} klg sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf] k"j{zt{ x'G5 . To;}n] k|To]s ljsf; sfo{qmd lzIff xf];\ jf c¿ g}, hgtfsf] :jtM:km"t{ ;xeflutf / k|fljlw1tfsf] ;xsfo{df dfq ;kmn x'g ;S5 .

@= ;d"bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3÷;ª\u7g, -h:t} pkef]Qmf ;d"x lzIfs—cleefjs ;+3, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cflb_sf] e"ldsf hgtfnfO{ r]tgzLn agfpb} ;ª\u7gfTds ¿kn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;lqmo x'gsf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xf] . ljBfnosf] xsdf k9fO eP gePsf], ljBfyL{ k9\g uP guPsf] Vofn ub}{ :yfgLo ;d:of ;'Nemfpg] tyf dfgjLo Pj+ ef}lts ;|f]tx¿ h'6fpg] sfo{df ;lqmo /xg' xf] . jfXo ;fwg tyf ;|f]t h'6fpg klg pgLx¿ ;lqmo /xg'k5{ .

#= lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{ ;+3÷;Ë7gsf] e"ldsf lzIfsx¿sf of]Uotf cBfjlw ug]{, pgLx¿sf] Joj;flos ljsf; ug]{ / ljBfyL{sf] k9fOsf] u'0f:t/ tyf ;Gbe{tfaf/] Vofn /fVg] xf] .

$= :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o :t/sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf h:tf gful/s ;dfhn] c;dfgtf g} c;dfgtfn] el/Psf] d'n'sdf eP u/]sf c;dfgtf x6fpg hgtf jf cleefjsx¿ tyf cGo lgsfox¿nfO{ ;r]tg u/fpg] / ;fdflhs kl/rfng ug]{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g]5 .

%= ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfx¿sf] e"ldsf ;xhstf{ / ;dGjostf{sf] xf] . :yfgLo cfjZostfcg';f/ cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;|f]t h'6fpg] / pko'Qm 7fp“df ljBfnox¿sf] :yfkgf / ;fdflhs kl/rfng ug]{tkm{ pgLx¿sf] d'Vo e"ldsf x'G5 .

^= lhNnfl:yt lzIff sfof{nosf] e"ldsf ;f] lhNnf el/sf] z}lIfs cfjZostfsf] hf“ra'em u/L k7gkf7gsf] Joj:yfsf] nflu cfjZos lzIfsx¿, kf7\o;fdu|Lx¿, afXo ;|f]t / k|fljlws ;xof]usf] pknAwtf u/fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xf] .

&= lhNnf jf cGo 7fp“l:yt JolQm jf lghL ;+:yfx¿n] lzIffsf] pko'Qm ljsf;sf] nflu ;|f]t kl/rfng 5fqj[lQ, lbzflgb]{z tyf Joj;foaf/] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'G5 .

*= lzIff ljsf;df ;a} kIfnfO{ Ps} 7fp“df /fvL g]t[Tj / lbzflgb]{z ug'{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] e"ldsf x'g cfp“5 . oltv]/ g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ g/fd|/L lrlKnPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] d'n'ssf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r /fVg 5f]8]/ tfTsflns nfesf] nflu lzIfs ljBfyL{nfO{ emf]n] sfo{stf{ agfpg] k|of; ubf{ lzIff If]q g/fd|/L lau|g uPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ cToGt 7"nf] gf]S;fgL eO/x]5 .

(= g]kfndf sfo{/t ljleGg ljb]zL bft[;+:yfx¿n] log} cGt/jtL{x¿ dfkm{t pk/f]Qm ;xsfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg of]ubfg ug'{kb{5 .

o;/L /fHosf k|To]s kIfsf cf–cfk\mg} e"ldsf x'G5g\ . k|To]ssf e"ldsfaf/]sf] Vofn k|To]sn] /fv]/ ;xsfo{df pqg' kg]{ x'G5 . ;/sf/ dfq} /fHo xf] eGg] kl/l:ylt Ps k|sf/n] ;/n lyof] . Tof] cfsif{s klg lyof] lsgeg] lg0f{o ;a} ;/sf/¿kL /fHon] ul/lbGYof] . Erick Fromm sf] egfO klg 5 'Authoritarianism is appealing and liberation is Threatening' cyf{t clwgfosjfbsf] cf]t nfUg' cfsif{s x'G5 / d'lQmsf] af6f] 8/nfUbf] x'G5 .

;j{1fg tyf ;|f]t;DkGg /fHon] clwgfos eP/ ;a} s'/f ul/lbPb]lv ;j{;fw/0f ;a}nfO{ xfO{ ;~rf] eOxfN5 lg . t/ tLg bzssf] k|of]un] g]kfnsf] lzIffdf o; ;f]rfOn] ljs[lt dfq l;h{gf u/]sf] cg'ej t ePs} 5 . o;} s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;d'bfonfO{ lkmtf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] eg] o; s'/f;“u uf“l;Psf rgf}tLx¿ ;fdgf ug'{klg plQs} cfjZos 5 . h'g ;xh / ;/n 5}g . xf]Og eg] of] csf]{ 5n dfq xf] ls eGg] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . ;d:ofaf6 km'lTsg ;/sf/n] ljBfno Joj:yfkg hgtfsf] yfKnf]df xfn]/ efUg vf]h]sf] t xf]Og < eGg] k|Zg 68\sf/f] ¿kn] v8f x'g' :jfefljs klg 5 .

xfdL g]kfnLdf ljZjljVoft eO;s]sf] cg'ej :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 ls æxl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgÆ sf] cfxfg g} jgsf] /fli6«os/0fn] xf:of:kb eO;s]sf] j:t'l:yltnfO{ jgsf] ;fd'bflos/0faf6 v'l/v08] 8f“8fx¿ km]l/ xl/ofnLdf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] kl/l:ylt klg ljBdfg 5 . hgtfdf lgxLt Ifdtfsf] ;b'kof]u g} o; ;kmntfsf] sf/0f xf] . ljBfnox¿sf] ;/sf/Ls/0faf6 Ift–ljIft ePsf] lzIff If]q klg ljBfnosf] ;fd'bfoLs/0faf6 km]l/ k|lt:yflkt x'g ;Sg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . OdfGbf/L / sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fhgLlts k|ltj4tf rflxG5 .

;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf hgtf stf{ x'g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ ;r]t / ;zQm x'g'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] ¿kfGt/0fdf /fHosf ljleGg kIfsf] klg ;zQm e"ldsf /xG5 . hgtfdf cfjZos ;r]ttf / ;zQmtf ckof{Kt ePsf] kl/l:yltdf klg pgLx¿nfO{ …l/Qf] nf]6fÚ sf] ¿kn] k|of]u ug{ ldNb}g . lsgeg] s'g} klg dfgj hfltdf cGQ/lgxLt Ifdtf x'G5 h;sf] phfu/sf] nflu s]xL aflx/Lof ;xof]usf] h¿/t kg{ ;S5 . o:tf] ;xof]u ;xhstf{sf] ¿kdf dfq /fHosf cGo kIfn] k'¥ofpg] xf] . l/Qf] nf]6fdf e/L ufu|Lsf] kfgL vGofP h:tf] ug]{ rflx" xf]Og .

sf]xL klg l/Qf] nf]6f xf]Og / sf]xL klg e/L ufu|f] x'g ;Qm}g . sf]xL klg ;j{u'0f ;DkGg 5}g . of] ;+;f/df ;a} ck"/}–ck"/f 5f}+ . ;a}sf] ;xsfo{af6 k"/f x'g]tkm{ pGd'v x'g ;lsG5 / ;kmntfsf] af6f]lt/ nlDsg ;lsG5 . o;} dfGotfn] g} ;j{zlQmdfg clwgfosjfbnfO{ r'gf}tL lbP/ p;sf] bf;tfaf6 km'lTsP/ ax'njfbnfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ d'lQmsf] af6f] klxNofpg ;lsG5 . o;} dfu{af6 dfq ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . s]xL ;d'bfox¿ h;n] o;nfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf 5g\ ltgLx¿n] ;kmntf klg k|fKt u/]sf] cg'ej 5 .

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