sf7df08f}+, r}q @# @)%(

klxnf] kfgf

/fhfsf] ;Daf]wgkl5 kf6L{x¿ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] tof/Ldf

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . >L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf] wgu9Lsf] efif0fn] kf6L{x¿nfO{ vf;} pT;flxt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . a¿ /fhf / kf6L{x¿aLr b]vfk/]sf] s6'tf a9]/ hfg] ;Defjgfx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ .

kf6L{x¿ o;k6s lgs} cfzfjfbL lyP . >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 ef/t hfg'k"j{ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ bz{ge]6 lbOaS;]sf] / ef/tsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] klg kf6L{x¿nfO{ 5n]/ hfg' k|To'Tkfbs x'g;Sg] ;Nnfx lbPsfn] To;sf] s]xL g s]xL ;+s]t kfpg] ck]Iff bnx¿n] u/]sf lyP . t/, Tof] ck]Iffsf] k|tLIff v]/} uof] . a¿ wgu9Ldf t df};'kmn] s8f r'gf}tLsf] efiff af]lnaS;]sf] 5 .

kf6L{x¿nfO{ r'gf}tL

>L % dxf/fhflw/fhn] zflGtnfO{ :yfloTj lbg k|f/De ePsf] zflGt jftf{nfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg /fhgLlts bn / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ of]ubfg ug{ cfu|x ul/aS;]sf] 5 . /, To;df ult/f]w pTkGg ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{ r'gf}tLsf] efiffdf elgaS;]sf] 5, æst} s;}af6 ult/f]w pTkGg ug]{ k|of; ePdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf k|lts"n x'g]5 .Æ

b]znfO{ ljgf;af6 hf]ufpg Psh'6 x'g cfu|x ub}{ /fhfaf6 elgPsf] 5, æo; lg0ff{os 38Ldf ;a} ldn]/ b]znfO{ ljgf; x'gaf6 hf]ufcf}+ gq eg] Oltxf;af6 ckufn vfP/ eljiosf k':tfx¿;dIf nlHht x'g'kg]{ x'G5 .Æ

/fhfsf] ;Daf]wgnfO{ s]nfp"bf kf6L{x¿sf] gfdf]Rrf/0f g} gul/sg ltgnfO{ r'gf}tL g} lbg vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . h:tf] nf]s;Ddlt cg'¿k rNg' /fh;+:yfsf] ckl/jt{gLo k|lta4tf eg]/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] bfo/f cfkm"nfO{ ;f“3'/f] ePsf] :ki6} atfOaS;]sf] 5 . /fhf / hgtfaLrsf] cfTdLotf / 3lgi6tfnfO{ pKsfP/ >L % n] hgtf;"u cem} lj:tfl/t ¿kdf k|ToIf ;fIffTsf/ ug{ rfx]sf] ;+s]t lbOaS;]sf] 5 . o;}n] dxf/fhflw/fhsf] wgu9L ;Daf]wgn] /fhgLlts bnx¿dWo] sf+u|];n] ;f]r] h;/L k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf jf ;j{bnLo ;/sf/s} s'g} dfu{ vf]Ng] ;+s]t b]vfPsf] 5}g . g t'¿Gt r'gfj x'g] s'g} ;+s]t b]vfOaS;]sf] 5 .

kf6L{x¿ gof“ /0fgLltdf

>L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 kf6L{x¿nfO{ pk]Iff g} u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] ;+s]t b]lvPkl5 lxhf] /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf g]tf /jLGb|gfy zdf{sxf“, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt ul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn / /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf g]tf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf aLr em08} 8]9 306f nfdf] jftf{nfk ePsf] lyof] . a}7sdf /fhf / dfcf]jfbLsf cleJolQmsf] cfzo Pp6} b]lvPsf] ljin]if0f g]tfx¿n] u/]sf lyP . !* c;f]hkl5 bf}/f–;'¿jfn tof/ kf/]/ a:g' ePsf Pdfn] dxf;lrj g]kfn o;k6ssf] a}7sdf clns :ki6 k|:t't x'g'eof] . dfcf]jfbLn] Pdfn]nfO{ nfe k'Ug]u/L s'g} lgsf; lbg] 5}g eGg] s'/fdf clxn] Pdfn] g]tfx¿n] clns ljZjf; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

pRr :t/Lo ;"qx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ kf6L{x¿nfO{ e"ldsfljxLg cj:yfdf r'k nfUg afWo kfg{ vf]h]sf] cf/f]k g]tfx¿n] /fhfdfly nufPsf lyP . cem a}7sdf jftf{ ef“8\g] zlQm aGb's dfq ePsf] / To;sf] ;+oGq0f ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL afx]s c¿df gePsf]n] jftf{ ef“l8P pgLx¿s} sf/0fn] ef“l8g] bfaL ltgsf] lyof] . clxn] /fhgLlts bnx¿ lgs} cK7\of/f]df 5g\ . ;+j}wflgs ¿kdf 6]Sg] cfwf/ Tolt ;jn 5}g . b'O{ y/L aGb's ldn]/ u/]sf ;a} sfd ltgn] ;dy{g ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . h:tf], o'4lj/fd ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr eof], kf6L{x¿n] To;nfO{ cf“vf lrDn]/ ;dy{g u/] . cfrf/;+lxtf ;fj{hlgs eof], kf6L{x¿n] ;dy{g u/] . ef]ln jftf{ g} eP klg kf6L{x¿ ;dy{g ug{ afWo x'G5g\ .

;+ljwfg hfG5 <

ut ljxLaf/ sf7df8f}+sf] v'nfd~rdf cfof]lht cfd;efdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿n] of] ;+ljwfgsf] vf/]hLsf] dfu u/]sfn] of] ;+ljwfg w]/} g} l56f] lgnDag kg{ klg ;S5 .

k"jf{~rn / ;'b"/klZrd b'j} 7fp"df af]Nbf df};'kmn] ;+ljwfgk|lt s'g} k|lta4tf hgfOaS;]sf] 5}g . t/, ax'bnLo Joj:yf, hgd'vL k|zf;g, pbf/d'vL cy{Joj:yf, e|i6frf/d'Qm zf;gsf] pNn]v eg] ePsf] 5 . o;n] df}sf k/] ;DklQ cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df e|i6«frf/lj¿4 sf/afxL ug]{ qf;nfO{ Ho""b} /fVg vf]h]sf] b]vfp"5 . /fhfsf] ;+af]wgdf Ps 7fp"df /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtf / lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwsf] dfWodaf6 sfd ug{ lbzflgb]{z ePsf] 5 .

jftf{df l9nfO

;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLn] k"0f{tf kfOg;s]sf] / dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL klg cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf ljleGg bn / ltgsf g]tfx¿;"u e]63f6df Jo:t /x]sf]n] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL jftf{n] cfh;Dd d"t{ ¿k kfPsf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbL ;"qx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ cfh;Ddsf] ljsf;qmdsf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L u/fpg / yk Dof08]6 lngsf nflu jftf{ 6f]nL d+unaf/ cfkm\gf] x]8{Sjf6{/ hfg] ePsf] 5 / pgLx¿ csf]{ ;ftf dfq kms{g] atfOG5 .

otf oxLaLr k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb k|wfgdGqL aGg'ePsf] ^ dlxgf k"/f x'G5 . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& cg';f/ k|ltlglw;efsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm k|wfgdGqL x'g kfOb+}g . /, u}/ ;f+;b\nfO{ dGqL agfpg] xf] eg] ls ^ dlxgfleq ;f+;b\ e};Sg'k5{, geP :jtM hfG5 . k|wfgdGqL rGbsf] kbfjlw w/fkdf k/]sf] 5 . sltn] rGbnfO{ hf]ufpg ;+ljwfg lgnDag ug]{ c8\sn sf6]sf 5g\ eg] sltn] ;+ljwfg hf]ufpg ;/sf/ avf{:t ug]{ s'/fdf ljZjf; u/]sf 5g\ .

k|wfgdGqL kbsf] ul/df r6\ †

k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb cfkm\gf] kbLo dof{bf hf]ufpg g;s]sf] cf/f]k nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . ut ;f]djf/ dfcf]jfbL g]tf 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] ;dsIfdf a;]/ k|km'Nn d'b|fdf bf];Nnf cf]9fp"b} k|df0fkq / k'/:sf/ af“8\b} ug'{ePsf k|wfgdGqL ef]lnkN6 dfq} emNof“:; ljp"emg'eof] . /, cfkm"nfO{ em'SofP/ Toxf“ k'¥ofPsf] ;kmfO lbP/ plDsg vf]Hg'eof] .

t/ ;"qx¿sf cg';f/ o;df plDsg] 7fp" g} 5}g . /fHon] cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2f g} lkmtf{ glnPsf] / cbfntsf] efiffdf eGbf cleo'Qm ag]sf 8f=e§/fO{;"u ;fj{hlgs 7fp"df xft ldnfpg'eof] . Pp6} d~rdf a:g'eof] . ;o'Qm ¿kdf dfg–;Ddfg / k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug'{eof] . pxf“ nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbdfq xf]Og, b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL xf] . l;+uf] /fi6« rnfpg], ;|f]t ;fwg / zlQm k|fKt dfG5]– k|wfgdGqL . t/ pxf“sf ;'/IffsdL{, u'Ktr/ ljefu, k|zf;g, cfkm\gf] ;lrjfnon] o;af/] s]xL x]Ssf g} /fVbf] /x]g5 . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb, jt{dfg ;+ljwfg cGtu{t ag]sf] / ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfg cg'¿k ;ky vfPsf] JolQm xf] . 8f=e§/fO{ h:tf] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] dfq} dfGotf ePsf] hg;/sf/ kl/ifb\sf cWoIf x}g . t/ k|wfgdGqL :jo+n] dfGotf lbg'eof] . k|wfgdGqLsf] b]zsf] OHht hf]ufpg] st{Jo klg x'G5 . t/ xfd|f] k|wfgdGqL To:tf] 7fp"df hfg'eof], hxf“ pxf“sf] ;]gfn] HofbtL u/]sf] cf/f]k nufOG5 . Tof] d~rdf dfcf]jfbL HofbtLsf s'/f p7\b}g, cyf{t\ /IffdGqL cfkm\gf] ;]gfsf] g}lts /0f;fx; a9fpg] df]rf{df xf]Og, 36fpg] tkm{ nfUg'ePsf] 5 . cem /f]rs s'/f t k|wfgdGqLs} ;fd' ljb|f]xL ;d"xsf jftf{ 6f]nLsf g]tf 8f= e§/fO{nfO{ cfof]hsx¿n] g} efjL k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ul/lbP . cyf{t\ g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLsf] wHhL p8fOof] / klg k|wfgdGqLn] vKg'eof] . k|wfgdGqLn] oxL z}nL ckgfpg] xf] / ljb]zLx¿;"u ul/g] ;lGw, ;Demf}tfdf klg o:t} l:ylt cfpg] xf] eg] b]zsf] cj:yf sxf“ k'U5 cg'dfg ug{ ufx|f] 5 . 3f]8] hfqfsf] cl3Nnf] lbg d~rg ePsf] of] gf6sn] jt{dfg ;/sf/ / o;sf] ;+oGqnfO{ c¿ s;}n] rfj's df/]/ dfq Jo""tg] k|s[ltsf] 3f]8}sf] ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ . hf] csf{n] hlt nbfof], Tolt nlbG5 .

dfcf]jfbLx¿ cfkm\gf sfo{qmd kl/dfh{g ug{ tof/

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df08f}" . dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o b]j u'¿ªn] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] cl3 ;f/]sf] &% a"'b]+ sfo{qmdnfO{ cfd ;xdltsf cfwf/df kl/dfh{g ug{ cfkm"x¿ tof/ ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

zflGt / ljsf;sf nflu gful/s ;dfh -;LP;Pkm8LkL_ åf/f zlgaf/ sf7df08f}"df cfof]lht ljleGg If]qsf lj1x¿sf] 5nkmndf af]Nb}, dfcf]jfbL g]tf u'¿ªn] ;f] s'/f af]Ng'ePsf] xf] . ;fj{hlgs ePsf &% a"'b]+ sfo{qmd ut jif{ ;+o'Qm hgkl/ifb\n] k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf ¿kdf tof/ kf/]sf] xf] . ;a}sf] ;'emfjaf6 To;nfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ ;lsg] k|z:t ;Defjgf 5 . g]tf u'¿ªn] eGg'eof]– æk|f/lDes d:of}bfsf ¿kdf cfPsf] of] sfo{qmdn] cy{tGqsf] k'"hLjfbL df]8]nnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] s'/fnfO{ g} dxTj lbPsf] 5 .Æ

…zflGt k|lqmofdf gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsfÚ ljifos pQm 5nkmndf ;xefuL lj1x¿n] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, k|zf;lgs / k//fi6« dfldnf;"u ;DalGwt ljifox¿df dfcf]jfbL kIfn] :ki6 / Jojxfl/s wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs gu/]sf] s'/f p7fPkl5 dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o u'¿ªn] ;a} ljifodfly cfd ;xdltsf cfwf/df lgisif{df k'Ug cfkm"x¿ nlrnf] ¿kdf k|:t't ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] xf] .

o;cl3 5nkmndf ;xefuL /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf k"j{ pkfWoIf k[YjL/fh lnunn] dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf] egfO / dfcf]jfbLn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] &% a'"b] sfo{qmddf tfnd]n gePsf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf k"j{ pkfWoIf lnunn] eGg'eof]– æ&% a'"b] sfo{qmdn] …aGb cy{tGqÚ Close Economy sf] jsfnt u/]sf] 5 . o;n] dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;Qfdf cfP eg] ljZj ahf/df gsf/fTds ;Gb]z hfG5Æ o;sf/0f, dfcf]jfbLsf] cfly{s gLlt s] xf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f ;fj{hlgs x'g'k5{ .

dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o b]j u'¿ª;"usf] of] 5nkmndf g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf låtLo pkfWoIf /fh]Gb| v]tfgn] jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ gful/s ;dfhsf ;a} If]qn] lhDd]jf/ / pTk|]/ssf] e"ldsf lgefpg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . /, ;a}nfO{ dfGo x'g] cfly{s / ;fdflhs sfo{qmdsf] 9f“rf tof/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf cf}"Nofpg'eof] .

5nkmndf jl/i7 k|zf;gljb\ zDe'z/0f k|;fb sfo:yn] dfcf]jfbLx¿af6 k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf s:tf] x'g] eGg] s'/fdf klg :ki6 b[li6sf]0f gcfPsf] u'gf;f] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

5nkmnsf csf{ ;xefuL ufd]{G6 P;f]lzP;gsf cWoIf tyf lgof{t Joj;foL ls/0f zfvMn] Jofkf/;"u ;DalGwt bL3{sfnLg gLltsf af/]df klg dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 :ki6 b[li6sf]0f cfpg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] eg] ko{6g Joj;foL ;'dg kf08]n] dfcf]jfbL ultljlw ko{6g If]qtkm{ nlIft gePsf] egL ljZj ko{6g ahf/nfO{ nlIft u/L jStJo ;fj{hlgs ug{ dfcf]jfbL g]t[TjnfO{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . cy{ljb\ dw's/ zd;]/n] dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ ;/sf/df cfpg'k¥of] eg] Jojxf/df kl/jt{g ub}{ n}hfg cfu|x ug{'eof] eg] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf k"j{ pkfWoIf Pjd\ cy{ljb\ df]xgdfg ;}++h"n] zflGtjftf{sf] k|lqmofdf /fhgLlts Ph]08f dfq} cl3 ;fg{ gx'g] atfpg' eof] .

k//fi6«ljb\ s]zj/fh emfn], k//fi6« gLlt r'gfjL gf/f gePsf]n] xNsf ¿kdf glng / g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwdf ePsf ;lGw–;Demf}tf af/] s] ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ cfGtl/s cEof; ug{ klg dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tj;"u cfu|x ug{'eof] .

5nkmnsf] cGTodf, ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{ gful/s ;/f]sf/ ;dfhsf cWoIf 8fS6/ ;'Gb/dl0f bLlIftn] jftf{ k|lqmofdf /fhgLlts kf6L{ / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ cnUofpg gx'g] atfpg' eof] . 8f= bLlIftn] zflGtjftf{sf] P]ltxfl;s df]8df s'g} kIfaf6 klg Ps csf{ lj¿4 xNsf cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k gug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . zflGt tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ;sf/fTds 6Lsfl6Kk0fL / cfnf]rgf ;'Gg] afgL a;fpg g]t[Tj txnfO{ cfu|x ;d]t ug'{eof] . dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o b]j u'¿ª;"usf] 5nkmndf ko{6g Joj;foL clDasf >]i7 / k|l;4 kf08], dfgj clwsf/jfbL lji0f' k'sf/ >]i7, af/ P;f]lzo;gsf cWoIf l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]n, oftfoft Joj;foL If]qsf k|ltlglw lji0f' l;jfsf]6L, 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf /d]zgfy 9'+u]+n / /fhgLlts JolQmTj b'uf{ ;'j]bLsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] .

d'n'sdf bL3{sfnLg zflGt sfod u/fpg ;lqmo e"ldsf v]Ng] / ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ ult lbg] nIo lnP/ ljleGg Joj;foLx¿sf] ;+o'Qm kxndf pQm ;+:yfsf] u7g ePsf] xf] . 8f=;'Gb/dl0f bLlIftsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t pQm ;ldltn] hghflt, cfly{s, /fhgLlts, nIo ls6fgL, ;~rf/ / ;lrjfno ;dGjo ;ldlt u/L ^ ;ldltx¿ klg u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;lrjfnosf] ;+of]hs 8f=bLlIft /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] lji0f's'df/ >]i7 pk;+of]hs . /fh]Zj/ cfrfo{, /fh]Gb|s'df/ v]tfg, r6\ofªdf:6/, 8f=;'/]Gb| s]=;L= ;b:o /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;lrjdf b]jk|sfz lqkf7L /xg'ePsf] 5 . To:t} hghflt ;ldltdf lx/0onfn >]i7, jfª5' z]kf{, / 8f=xl/j+z emf /xg'ePsf] 5 . cfly{s ;ldltdf pBf]uklt /fh]Gb|s'df/ v]tfg, 8f=;"o{nfn cdfTo / zflGt r8\8f /xg'ePsf] 5 .

/fhgLlts ;ldltdf /fh]Zj/ cfrfo{, lji0f'k'sf/ >]i7, 8f=;'/]Gb| s]=;L=, lx/0onfn >]i7, ;'zLnrGb| cdfTo /xg'ePsf] 5 . ld;g l8kmfOlgª cyf{t\ p2]Zo, nIo ls6fg ;ldltdf 8f=;'/]Gb| s]=;L=, 8f=vu]Gb| e§/fO{, rGb| e08f/L, 8f=aL=s]= yfkf /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;~rf/ ;lrjfnodf b]jk|sfz lqkf7L, /fh]Gb|s'df/ v]tfg / r6\ofªdf:6/ /xg'ePsf] 5 .

;/sf/lj¿4 ljz]if k|x/Lsf] d'2f

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . s]xL ;do cufl8;Dd k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nocGtu{t /xL e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f;DaGwL sfo{df cg';Gwfg ub}{ cfPsf] ljz]if k|x/LnfO{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L lhNnf / If]qdf v6fpg] lg0f{o u/]kl5 pgLx¿n] ;jf]{Rrdf ;/sf/lj¿4 d'2f bfo/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] r}q !! df u/]sf lg0f{osf] hfgsf/Lkq kfpgf;fy !^ r}qdf pgLx¿n] d'2f xfn]sf lyP . klxn] cnUu} ljefusf] ¿kdf :yflkt ljz]if k|x/Lx¿nfO{ gof“ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g / clVtof/ b'¿kof]u lgjf/0f cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]gn] larNnL kfl/lbPsf] lyof] . oL P]g cfPkl5 ljefu vf/]h eof] / ljefudf /x]sf s]xL ljz]if k|x/LnfO{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgdf nluof] . af“sL k|x/Lx¿ u[xdGqfnosf] dftxtdf lyP . t/, o;/L u[xdf /x"b} cfPsf ljz]if k|x/Lx¿nfO{ ;d]t rGb ;/sf/n] r}q !! ut]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ k|lhcsf] dftxtdf lhNnf tyf If]qdf v6fpg] lg0f{o u¥of] . o;/L v6fOPsf k|x/Lx¿sf] ToxL b/aGbL ;[hgf ul/of] . pgLx¿n] hflu/ vfpGh]n vfg kfpg] / 5f]8]kl5 :jtM ¿kdf kb vf/]h ul/g] Joj:yf eof] . l/Qm b/aGbL vf/]h x'g] / b/aGbL jf kb l/Qm ge} a9'jf gx'g] ePsf]n] oL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ca slxNo} klg a9'jf gx'g] ePsf] 5 .

ljz]if k|x/Laf6 ;[hgf ul/Psf b/aGbLx¿df If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{nox¿df %÷% hgfsf b/n] @% hgf h;df ! hgf k|gfp, ! k|lg, ! k|;lg, ! k|;lg, ! k|h /xg] 5g\ eg] x]6f}+8fdf dfq P;kL a:g] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .

To:t} lhk|sf sf7df8f}+df $, nlntk'/df #, eQmk'/df $, k;f{df @, emfkf, df]/ª, af/f, ¿kGb]xLdf !÷! hgf k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L wg'iff, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, ;nf{xL, lrtjg, af“s], gjnk/f;L, dxf]Q/L, wflbª, alb{of s~rgk'/, kfNKff, sf:sL, wgs'6f, /f}tx6, s}nfnL, slknj:t', 8f]6L, a}t8L, /;'jf, Onfd, u'NdL, g'jfsf]6, t]x|y'd, dsjfgk'/, pbok'/, uf]/vf, sfe|], ;'v]{t, ndh'ª, ;Nofg, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, kf“ry/, 88]nw'/f, bf]nvf, :ofª\hf, tgx'", l;Gw'nL, kj{t / afUn'ªdf klg !÷! hgf v6fOPsf] 5 . /, af“sL /x]sf @@ hgfnfO{ eg] u[xdf g} cg'udg ;]ncGtu{t /flvPsf] 5 .

;/sf/n] lgodljk/Lt v6fPsf] u'gf;f] ug]{ k|x/Lx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ k|x/L P]gcGtu{t /flvg'kg]{ dfu u/L d'2f bfo/ u/]sf 5g\ . pQm d'2fsf] ax; k|x/Lx¿sf tkm{af6 clwjQmfx¿ ;'zLn kGt, an/fd s];L / zDe' yfkfn] ug'{x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;f] d'2f ;jf{]Rrsf GofofwLz /fdk|;fb >]i7sf] Psn Ohnf;af6 cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .

pQm d'2fsf ;DaGwdf an/fd s];L;"u ;Dks{ ubf{ s];Ln] eGg'eof], æ;/sf/n] uNtL u¥of] . u[x dGqfnodf nu]/ k|x/L xflh/ ug{ kfOb}g . pgLx¿nfO{ k|x/L P]gcGtu{t g} /fVg'k5{ / ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿sf] a9'jf x'"bf pgLx¿sf] klg a9'jf x'g'k5{ . ljz]if k|x/L vf/]h ePkl5 pgLx¿nfO{ k|x/L ;]jf lgodfjnL cg';f/ g} /fVg ;Sg'kYof]{ . of] ;/sf/sf] 7"nf] uNtL xf] . u[xdf t lghfdtL sd{rf/L xflh/ ug]{ 7fp" xf], k|x/L xf]OgÆ eGb} cfkm"x¿ d'2f n8\g] atfpg'eof] .

;lrj;d]tsf] bf}8w"k hf/L
æsf]l/of sf08Æ plN6g] ;Defjgf

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . dGqL, ;lrjb]lv /fhb"t;Ddsf] nfOg ldnfP/ blIf0f sf]l/ofdf jif]{gL $ xhf/ >dzlQm k7fpg ul/Psf] lg0f{o plN6g ;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]kl5 of] sf]6f lbnfpg] sfo{df ;+nUg ;a} bf}8w"kdf nfu]sf 5g\ . t/ dGqL, ;lrj, >d ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;a}sf] cgfjZos bf}8w"k, cgflws[t ¿ksf] x:tIf]k, ckf/bzL{ lg0f{o, em"6f] kqfrf/n] ;DalGwt /f]huf/bftf ;+u7g sf]l/of ;fgf / demf}nf pBf]u ;+3n] g]kfnsf nflu a9fPsf] sf]6f g} sfl6lbg] eo pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

sf]l/ofdf g]kfnL sfdbf/ cfk"lt{sf lglDt Ph]G;L rog u/L k7fpg >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ sf]l/of ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u dxf;+3n] cg'/f]w u/]kl5 ;/sf/n] rnfvLk"0f{ lg0f{o u/L …d"g8«K;Ú cf]e/l;hnfO{ 5fgL k7fPsf] lyof] . t/, 5gf}6 k|lqmof kf/bzL{ gePsf] / cfly{s k|nf]egdf k/]/ pQm lg0f{o ul/Psf] bfaL;lxt g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxtsf lglDt 5'6\ofOPsf] pQm sf]6f kf/bzL{ ¿kdf v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf/df, j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;+3nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L k'gM ljt/0f ug{ / ;f] geP;Dd cl3Nnf] lgdf{0f sfof{Gjog gug{ cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfu ub}{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foL ;+3sf gGb/fh /fO{n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg xfNg nfpg'ePsf] lyof] . cbfntn] pQm lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gug{÷gu/fpg >L % sf] ;/sf/ >d dGqfno, ljefu / sf]l/of ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u dxf;+3nfO{ cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u¥of] . ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] @# dfr{df To:tf] Joxf]/fsf] cfj]bg sf]l/of k7fPkl5, sf]l/of ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u dxf;+3sf cWoIf lsdof]ª ;'n] @* dfr{df g]kfnsf] >d tyf oftfoft dGqfnonfO{ kq n]v] . h;df elgPsf] 5– æxfdLn] d"g8«K; cf]e/l;h ;le{;sf] cf}Bf]lus k|lzIffyL{sf] cfk"lt{sf] gof“ lgsfosf ¿kdf tf]s]sf lyof} . h'g tkfO{+sf] ;/sf/n] rog u/L l;kmfl/; klg u/]sf] lyof] . /, xfdL To;;"u s/f/ ug]{ k|lqmofdf klg lyof}+ .

t/ d}n] g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] tkfO{+x¿sf] ;/sf/n] u/]sf] s'g} ;DefJo, c;fGble{s / unt sfo{x¿df lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf] Joxf]/fsf] kq kfP . o;}n] d tkfO+{;"u o; ljifosf] JofVof ug{ cg'/f]w ub{5' .Æ

>d ;"qsf cg';f/ of] kq cfPkl5 >d dGqL, ;lrj, ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;a}sf] xf];xjf; u'd ePsf] 5 . ;lrj, dxflgb]{zsx¿ t cfkm\gf] dof{bfsf] Vofn ;d]t gu/L Ph]G;Lsf dflnssf] 3/ / sfof{no wfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLx¿n] Wofg k'¥ofpg ;s]gg\ eg], lgu/fgL ug{ ;s]gg\ eg] klxNo} u'lnof] rfl6;s]sf ;/sf/L lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] klxn]s} lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ u/L k7fpg] ;Defjgf a9L 5 . ef]ln g} o;;DaGwL lg0f{o x'g] atfOG5 . clxn] g]kfndf ;f9] # ;oeGbf a9L j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Ph]G;Lx¿ 5g\ . sf]l/ofn] w]/} cufl8b]lv jif]{gL g]kfnL >lds n}hfg] k|aGw ldnfOlbPsf] lyof] . n'lDagL cf]e/l;hdfkm{t\ g]kfnL uPsf klg lyP . sf]6f a9fP/ % xhf/ k'¥ofpg] ePkl5 ;f] dxf;+3n] csf]{ Ph]G;L 5fgL k7fpg ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] xf] . ;/sf/n] ;"rgf lgsfn]kl5 &@ j6f Ph]G;Ln] lgj]bg xfn] . To;dWo] sDkgLsf] Oltxf;, ljut # jif{ sfdbf/ k7fPsf] /]s8{ -d'n's / ;+Vof_ >d tyf /f]huf/ k|a4{g ljefusf] k|dfl0ft kq, ;g\ @))! / @))@ sf] sDkgLsf] Aofn]G; ;L6, cWoIfsf] JolQmut ljj/0f, ;+:yfsf] cfkm\gf] tflnd lbg] ;+:yf / kf7\oqmd ljj/0fsf cfwf/df d"Nof+sg ul/g] elgof] . o:tf] d"Nof+sgdf d"g8«K;, P;=cf]=P;= :sfO /fh / ;'gsf]zL cf]e/l;hnfO{ pko'Qm 7x¥ofOof] . t/, ;"rgf kf6L{df kf“r sDkgLsf] gfd 6f“;]/ sf]l/ofdf eg] d"g8«K;sf] dfq} gfd l;kmfl/; ul/of] .

k|ltjif{ $ xhf/sf b/n] cfufdL * jif{;Ddsf nflu ;'/lIft x'g] sf]l/of >lds cfk"lt{sf] rog k|lqmofdf 7"nf] cfly{s n]gb]g ePsf] bfaL klg k|lt:kwL{x¿n] u/]sf lyP .

dGqLsf] uf8L ljBfyL{sf] sAhfdf

sf7df8f}+ . k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ Pjd\ oftfoftsf ;fwgdf ePsf] d"Noj[l4sf] lj/f]wdf plqPsf ljBfyL{x¿dfly k|x/L k|zf;gn] bdg ;'¿ u/]sf] 5 . ;ftj6f ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿sf] k|yd r/0fsf] lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf] t];|f] lbg ;f+s]lts ¿kdf ;/sf/L uf8L /f]Sg] sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn] ;dly{t cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dfwj 9'+u]n;lxt !! hgfnfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;+s]t :j¿k &M#) b]lv (M#) ;Ddsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf eQmk'/ ;Nnf3f/Ldf wgf{ lbO{ a;]sf tL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sl/a $ 306f lx/f;tdf /fvL 5fl8lbPsf lyP . zlgaf/sf] ;/sf/L uf8L /f]Sg] sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;Nnf3f/L afx]s kf6gsf] k'Nrf]s, s'k08f]n, sf7df8f}+sf] kb\df]bo xfO{:s'n cufl8 gof“afg]Zj/ / /Tgkfs{ u/L % j6f ljGb'df df]rf{ agfOPsf] lyof] . g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf k|bLk kf}8]nsf cg';f/ o; cfGbf]ngdf ljBfyL{x¿sf] dfq} geO{ ;Dk"0f{ kIfsf] ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] . zlgaf/ /Tgkfs{df !) j6f, s'k08f]ndf !% j6f, kb\df]bodf % j6f, gof“ afg]Zj/df & j6f / ;Nnf3f/Ldf !)–!@ j6f ;/sf/L uf8Lx¿nfO{ /f]lsPsf] lyof] . s'k08f]ndf dGqL g/]Gb|ljqmd zfxsf] uf8L;d]t k/]sf] lyof] . cfh lbp";f] @ ah] l/Qf Uofng / l;ln08/;lxtsf] h'n'; /Tgkfs{af6 lgsflng] sfo{qmd /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

rGb ;/sf/sf] dnfdLdfly nf7L rfh{

z'qmaf/ g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3, kz'klt ax'd'vL SofDk; rfalxn / kz'klt ax'd'vL SofDk; Pj+ :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogn] d"No j[l4sf] lj/f]wdf rGb ;/sf/sf] k'Tnfsf] zjofqfdf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/]sf] 5 . rGb ;/sf/sf] dnfdL ag]sf ljBfyL{x¿dfly nf7L k|xf/ u/L k'Tnf k|x/Ln] vf];]kl5 ljBfyL{x¿n] s]xLa]/ rSsf hfd;d]t u/]sf lyP . zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] lg:s]sf] ;f] zjofqfdf k|x/Lsf] x:tIf]knfO{ g]lj;+3 s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt, g]lj;+3 kz'klt SofDk; OsfO{, g]lj;+3 g]kfn n SofDk; OsfO{nufot ljleGg ;+3÷;+u7gn] e|T;{gf u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] zjofqfdf g]lj;+3 kz'klt SofDk; OsfO{ cWoIf s'Gbg/fh sfkm\n], OsfO{ pkfWoIf anb]j ltdlN;gf / ;lrj ljsf; kf08] lqmofk'qLsf] z}nLdf s]z d'08g;lxt ;xefuL ePsf lyP .

;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿sf] ;xsfo{df g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3, cg]/f:jljo', cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_, cg]/f:jljo' -PsLs[t_ g]k|ljo', g]sflj;+3 /x]sf 5g\ .

sf+u]|;sf] t¿0f bn ægfdÆdf dfq ;Lldt x'g] eo

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . clxn] sf+u|];sf xftdf ;fwg, ;|f]t / ;Qf 5}g . kf6L{ b'O{ 7'Gsf ePkl5 o;sf] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s zlQm klg Ifo ePsf] 5 . @))& ;fnsf] k|hftGq :yfkgfsf] n8fO", @))& b]lv @)!$ ;Ddsf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfdf sf+u|];sf] zlQm / c8fg, @)!& ;fn;Ddsf] k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfsf] cfGbf]ngdf sf+u|];;"u ;Qf h;/L t;{GYof], Tof] l:ylt klg 5}g . cfkm}+ km'6]/ o;n] cfkm\gf] zlQm sdhf]/ agfO/x]sf] 5 . t/ la8Dagf, o;sf] g]t[TjnfO{ s'g zlQm, JolQm, lgot / lgoltn] k|efljt kfl/lbG5, …ljgf;sfn] ljk/Lt a'l4Ú eg] h:tf] .

c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL sbdn] NofPsf] k|lts"n kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug'{, b]zel/ JofKt cfkm\gf] sfo{hfnf] jf ;+u7g oyfjt\ ;lqmo kfg'{, cfkm\gf sfo{stf{sf] dgf]an a9fpg' / cfkm"k|lt ljutdf cfslif{t hgdtnfO{ cfkm";"u} /fvL cfpg] lgjf{rg lhTg] k|of;tkm{ nfUg' ;DejtM sf+u|];, sf+u|];sf g]tf, o;sf eft[ ;+u7g / sfo{stf{x¿sf] k|fyldstf x'g'kg]{ lyof] . t/, sf+u|];n] nIo ls6fg ug'{ t w]/} …b"/Ú cfkm\g} sfo{stf{sf] pT;fx ;d]t 36fpg] sfd u¥of] . of] x]bf{ nfU5, sf+u|];nfO{ b'Mv kfpg k'u]sf] 5}g, g]t[Tjdf cfPsf s]xL cg'bf/jfbL JolQmx¿, Toxf“ s;}n] ;+u7g lj:tf/ u/L, ;jn u/L cufl8 a9]sf] b]Vg÷x]g{ rfxGgg\ . s;}sf] Ifdtf jf cfsif{0fn] ;+u7g lj:tf/ eof] eg] l;+uf] kf6L{nfO{ kmfObf k'U5 eGg] ;f]Rg'eGbf klg /fd|f] sfd u/], Tof] cufl8 a9\5 eGg] xLgu|GyLaf6 sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjsf s]xL JolQmx¿ u|l;t 5g\ . h;n] s;}nfO{ cufl8 a9\g lbb}+gg\ .

s'/f g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] eft[ ;+u7g dflgPsf] t¿0f bnsf] xf] . t¿0f bn cfkm"nfO{ ;'lDkOPsf] sfof{b]z cg';f/ t];|f] dxflwj]zgsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] lyof] . låtLo dxflwj]zgn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf] g]t[Tj, cWoIf afns[i0f vf“8;lxt ax'dt ;b:o d"nwf/af6 km'6]sf] tTsfnLg ;/sf/ k|d'v z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] kf]N6fdf uPkl5 ;+u7gnfO{ k'ghL{jg lbO{ gof“ g]t[Tj Nofpg'kg]{ cfjZostf k¥of] / dxfb]j u'¿ªsf] cWoIftfdf tby{ ;ldlt u7g ul/of] . c;f]h !* ;Dd cf;Gg r'gfjnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ ;+u7g k'ghL{jg / lj:tf/df nfu]sf] t¿0f bn zfxL sbdkl5 cfkm\gf] Wofg lj/f]w k|bz{gdf nufpg afWo ef] . ;+;bLo r'gfjsf] 7]ufg gePkl5 j}zfvdf clwj]zg u/L gof“ g]t[Tj rog ug{ cu|;/ t¿0f bnsf cWoIf / dxf;lrjaLr b]vfk/]sf] ;dGjoaf6 sf+u|]; g]t[Tj lsg t:of{] s'lGg † o;n] cWoIf u'¿ªnfO{ /fhLgfdf ug{ afwf agfof] . Tof] 7fp"df ;lrj kbdf sfo{/t ljgf]b sfo:ynfO{ NofPkl5 dxf;lrj uf]ljGb e§/fO{ / sf]iffWoIf ;l/tf k|;fO";lxt !! hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿n] /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ . lhNnfsf tby{ ;ldltx¿af6 klg e6fe6 /fhLgfdf cfPsf]n] sf+u|];sf] t¿0f bn ca gfd dfqsf] ;+u7gdf ;Lldt x'g] l:ylt b]vfk/]sf] 5 . Ps jl/i7 s]Gb|Lo ;b:on] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ …3/ sf+u|];Ú df kl/0ft ug]{ rfxgf adf]lhd of] kl/jt{g ePsf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . b]zfGt/;"u s'/f ub}{ tL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o eG5g\, æPs k6s kf6L{n] km'6sf] kL8f ef]lu;s]kl5 klg k'gM kf6L{nfO{ cfkm\gf] sAhf ug]{ lgotn] sfo{stf{ v]b\g'n] sf+u|];sf] a[xt\ k|hftflGqs cjwf/0ffnfO{ wf]tL nufOlbPsf] 5 .Æ hxf“ klg cfkm\gf] …k'tnLÚ g]t[Tj :yfkgf ug{ rfxg] k|j[lQn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;+u7gdf k|ToIf c;/ k'Ug] bfaL klg pgsf] lyof] .

/fhLgfdf /fhgLlts afWotfM u'¿ª

clxn]sf] lau|xsf] sf/ssf] ¿kdf /x]sf] tTsfnLg cWoIf dxfb]j u'¿ªsf] /fhLgfdf /fhgLlts afWotf ePsf] u'¿ªn] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg'eof] . cGo bnx¿sf ;d]t o'jf ;+u7gx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf jl/i7 JolQmx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . t/ t¿0f bndf ul/Psf] xfnsf] a9'jfnfO{ bnsf] x}l;otdf ;d]t Go"gLs/0f u/]sf] c;Gt'i6 ;d"xsf] bfaL 5 . afns[i0f vf“8 g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o, uf]s0f{ lji6, g]skf Pdfn]sf j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o / k|sfz pbo, /fk|kfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /x]sf cj:yfdf t¿0f bndf klg ;f]xL x}l;otsf] JolQmTj Nofpg'kg]{ bfaL tL c;Gt'i6 kIfsf] lyof] . sf+u|]; ljefhgkZrft\ klg ;+u7gsf dfG5] v]b\g] k|j[lQn] sfo{stf{x¿ xtf]T;fxL x'g] l6Kk0fL sf+u|]; j[Qdf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .

u'¿ª lj:yfkg M clwj]zg ;fg]{ v]n

j}zfv dlxgfleq} s]Gb|Lo dxflwj]zg ;DkGg ug]{ tof/Ldf h'6]sf] t¿0f bnsf] g]t[Tj kl/jt{g, clwj]zg nDAofpg] v]n ePsf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5 . ^ dlxgfleq} clwj]zg ug]{ Dof08]6;lxt ut c;f/ @@ ut] dxfb]j u'¿ªnfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'lQm ul/Psf] lyof] . tTsfnLg lgjf{lrt cWoIf afns[i0f …rf]O6f sf+u|];Ú df knfog ePkl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];n] c;f/ @! ut] vf“8sf] g]t[Tj lj36g u/]sf] lyof] . cWoIf u'¿ªsf cg';f/ kmfu'g !* ut]sf] a}7sn] r}q !( ut]sf] a}7sdf cfufdL dxflwj]zgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .

t/ ljgf]b sfo:ynfO{ cWoIf tf]Sbf dxflwj]zg ug{ k'gM ^ dlxgfsf] Dof08]6 lbOPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ dxflwj]zg ^ dlxgfe/ ;g]{ ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . u'¿ªnfO{ /fhLgfdf lbg afWo u/fpg]x¿n] k;f{ t¿0f bnsf] k'gu{7g dgf]dfgL 9+un] u/]sf] / jL/u~hdf ;DkGg g]lj;+3sf] dxflwj]zgdf k/flht pDd]bjf/ ofbj kl08tnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/, u'¿ª eg] k;f{ t¿0f bn s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw O{Zj/ dfgGw/sf] :ynut k|ltj]bg / :yfgLo g]sf cWoIf /fhs[i0f cdfTo, k"j{ dGqL ;'/]Gb| rf}w/L ;d]tsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddlt cg';f/ u/]sf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL ;do cufl8 k;f{ t¿0f bnsf cWoIf /fw]Zofd rf}/l;ofnfO{ avf{:t u/L d's]z u'KtfnfO{ lgo'Qm ul/Psf] lyof] .

ptf g]lj;+3sf] dxflwj]zgsf] ;+nUgtfsf] cf/f]k nfP/ /fhLgfdf ug{'kg]{ sf/0f x'g g;Sg] atfp"b} u'¿ªn] eGg'eof], ækf6L{sf lhDd]jf/ g]tfx¿sf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ rflx+ s] eGg] <Æ dxflwj]zg ;DkGg ug]{ lhDdf lbOPsf] cWoIfnfO{ dxflwj]zg ug{ glbO{ /fhLgfdf ug{ afWo u/fpg'sf] p2]Zo dxflwj]zg k|efljt ug]{ k|of; ePsf] dxf;lrj uf]ljGb e§/fO{sf] cf/f]k lyof] .

casf] g]t[TjnfO{ dxflwj]zg emg\ hl6n x'g] b]lvG5 . !! hgfsf] /fhLgfdf / yk /fhLgfdfsf] ;Defjgfn] dxflwj]zgnfO{ k|ToIf c;/ ug]{5 . clxn];Dd df]/ªsf] dfq} lgjf{rg ;DkGg e};s]sf] 5 .

gof“ cWoIfsf] gof“ sbd

t/0f bnsf gjlgo'Qm cWoIf ljgf]b sfo:yn] s}nfnL, /f]Nkf, d'u' / hfh/sf]6 lhNnfdf gof“ tby{ ;ldlt u7g ug'{ePsf] 5 . h;df qmdzM /jLGb| hf]zL, e/t /f]Ssfdu/, ltnsaxfb'/ dNn / /d]zs'df/ l;+x 5g\ . o;sf cnfjf ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf nflu ! dlxgfleq k|ltj]bg k]; ug{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|tfk u'wf{dLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo /d]zk|;fb v/]n / xl/ cfrfo{ ;b:o /x]sf] ljwfg ;+zf]wg tyf kl/dfh{g ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 eg] s]=;= af;'b]j h+unLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf s]=;= clgn k|;fO{+, s]=;= /3'/d0f Gof}kfg], s]=;= k'0o k/fh'nL / pkTosfsf lhNnf cWoIfx¿ sf7df8f}+af6 xl/hL >]i7, nlntk'/ lhNnf cWoIf cgGt >]i7 / eQmk'/ lhNnfWoIf pbo/fd >]i7 /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd oxL r}q @( / #) ut] ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 .

kf6L{ lg0f{o ljjfbdf

t¿0f bnsf] xfnsf] kl/jt{gn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] Pp6f lg0f{onfO{ ljjfbdf tfg]sf] 5 . df3 ^ ut]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lg0f{osf] lg0f{o g+= & adf]lhd …eft[ ;+:yfx¿sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldlt lj36g x'"bf lgjf{lrt s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox¿ / lhNnfnufot ;a} txsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] kb sfo{sfn k"/f gx'"bf;Dd /xg] u/L l/Qm kbsf] af“sL cjlwsf] nflu dfq lgjf{lrt ug{ ;DalGwt eft[ ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5Æ elgPsf] 5 .

t/, cWoIfnfO{ lj36g ul/;s]kl5 ;b:ox¿ klg lj36g x'g] oyfy{nfO{ o; lg0f{on] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . csf]{ dxflwj]zg ubf{ lgjf{lrt s]Gb|Lo ;b:o rflx+ lgjf{rg ug'{ gkg]{ / cWoIf dfq} lgjf{lrt x'g] eGg] ts{ klg ;'xfp"bf] b]lv"b}g . dxflwj]zgkl5 klg t¿0fx¿ kf]OlnP csf]{ clwj]zg ug]{ < kf6L{sf] df3 ^ sf] lg0f{o h'g t¿0f bnsf tTsfnLg cWoIfnfO{ lbOPsf] lyPg Tof] klg @)%( cfiff9 @@ sf] kf6L{ ;efkltsf] lg0f{osf] k|lts"n 5 . ;efkltsf] lg0f{odf elgPsf] 5– æg]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg @)!& -@)%!, @)%$ / @)%& df ;+zf]wg / kl/dfh{g u/L ldnfOPsf] ¿kdf_ sf] wf/f $!-#_ adf]lhd g]kfn t¿0f bn s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltnfO{ ldlt @)%(÷)#÷@! ut] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] lj36g ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] / g]kfn t¿0f bn s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt l/Qm /x]sf] x'"bf g]kfn t¿0f bnsf] ljwfg cg';f/ ^ dlxgfleq bnsf] clwj]zg u/L :yfoL ;ldlt u7g ug{ / t¿0f bnsf] clwj]zg gx'~h]n;Dd g]kfn t¿0f bnsf] ljwfg -@)!) nfO{ k'gn]{vg ul/Psf] ljwfg @)%%_ cg';f/ sfd ug]{ u/L g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg @)!& -@)%!, @)%$ / @)%& df ;+zf]wg / kl/dfh{g u/]/ lnOPsf] ¿kdf_ sf] wf/f $!-#_ adf]lhd g]sfn] ca a:g] g]sf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 cg'df]bg ug]{ u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ tyf ;b:ox¿ /x]sf] g]kfn t¿0f bn s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . cWoIf dxfb]j u'¿ª, dxf;lrj uf]ljGb e§/fO{, ;lrj lagf]b sfo:y, sf]iffWoIf ;l/tf k|;fO{+, ;b:ox¿ qmdzM af;'b]j h+unL, k|tfk u'w{dL, x"d{ts'df/ Gof}kfg], clgns[i0f k|;fO{+, /3'/d0f Gof}kfg] / ef]nf rf}w/L ofbj /x]sf 5g\ .

dflyNnf] cfb]z gcfP;Dd af“w lgdf{0f g/f]lsg]

lht]Gb| lh=;L=

slknj:t' . slknj:t'l:yt a]bf}nLdf ef/tn] PskIfLo ¿kdf lgdf{0f u/]/ g]kfnL e"ld 8'afpg] k|of;df /x]sf] dxnL;fu/ af“w g]kfnL kIfsf] bjfjdf b"tfjf;n] lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]s]sf] lj1lKt hf/L u/]sf] Ps dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]lsPsf] 5}g .

ef/tn] g]kfnL kIfsf] ;xdltdf k'gMlgdf{0f u/]sf] atfP klg g]kfnL kIfsf ;Dks{ clwsf/L hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f l8lehg % gDa/ e}/xjfsf 8L=O{= sdn /]UdLn] ef/tsf] l;4fy{gu/ 8«]g]h l8lehgnfO{ …låkIfLo ;xdltljgf s'g} klg lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3 ga9fpgÚ cfu|x ub}{ k'gM kqfrf/ u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .

ptf ef/tLo kIfn] hldgsf] ;txeGbf dfly af“w gp7fPsf] / b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;lGw cg'¿k af“w lgdf{0f u/]sf] bfaL u/]sf] 5 .

t/ b'j} b]zsf clwsf/Lx¿aLr ;xdlt sfod x'g g;Sbf ef/tn] lgdf{0f sfo{ tLj| kf/]sf] 5 . ef/tLo kIfn] lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]Sgsf nflu a}7s a:g'kg]{ atfPsf] 5 eg] g]kfnL kIfn] lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]s]kl5 a}7s a:g] atfPsf 5g\ . oxL bf]xf]/f] ljjfbaLr ef/tLox¿n] lgdf{0f sfo{df tLj|tf lbb}+ cfPsf 5g\ . t/, g]kfnL ;Dks{ clwsf/L tf]lsg' ePsf /]UdLn] dflyNnf] lgsfoaf6 /f]Sg] lgb]{zg gcfP;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ hf/L /fVg] af“w lgdf{0f :ynsf ef/tLo clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] atfpg'eof] . ef/tLo kIfsf] pRr lgsfon] xfn;Dd ;f] af“wsf af/]df s'g} rf;f] JoQm gub}{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;ls;Sg] of]hgf ef/tLo kIfn] agfPsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] b|'ttfn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 .

t/, g]kfnsf] pRr lgsfon] ;dsIfL ef/tLo lgsfo;"u tTsfn s'/f ug{ g;Sg'n] klg ef/tLo kIfn] …ldr]/Ú af“w lgdf{0f u/]sf] a]bf}nLsf 8'afg If]qsf afl;Gbfn] lgSof}{n u/]sf 5g\ . ;Ldf;DaGwL x]lN;GsL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw cg';f/ ;Ldf/]vfsf] * lsnf]ld6/ If]qleq PstkmL{ ¿kdf af“w af“Wg gkfpg] Joj:yfsf] 7fp" pNn+3g u/]/ ef/tn] dxnL;fu/ af“w lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .

o;}aLr g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o bfdf]b/ e';fnsf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] af“w lg/LIf0f 6f]nLn] b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;xdltljgf PskIfLo 9Ën] lgdf{0f e}/x]sf] dxnL;fu/ af“w tTsfn /f]sL g]kfnL e"ld 8'afgaf6 /f]Sg cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

kLl8t lzIfs lhNnf v]lbP

k|bLk kf]v/]n

sf7df8f}+ . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 cf/De ePkl5 ef}lts cfqmd0fdf k/]/ jf To;sf] wDsL kfPsf sf/0f lhNnf 5f]8L ;'/lIft :yndf nfu]sf ;of}+ lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] lhNnfd} v]b\g] ePsf] 5 .

lzIff ljefusf ;x–;lrj hgfb{g g]kfnn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/– ædGqfnon] r}q d;fGt;Dd sfhdf /x]sf ;a} lzIfsx¿sf] sfh lkmtf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . h; cg'¿k s]xL lzIfsx¿ s]xL ;do cufl8 g} cfkm}+ sfh lkmtf{ dfu u/L uPsf 5g\ eg] s]xL lzIfsx¿ lghnfO{ cK7\of/f] 5}g egL lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] sfh lkmtf{ u/Llbg' eGg] kq cfPkl5 clgR5fk"j{s g} k"j{ sd{ynf]df kmls{Psf 5g\ / cGo ! ;o *! hgf lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;d]t r}t d;fGtleq} sfh lkmtf{ u/L nv]6\g] ePsf] 5 . o;/L clGtd r/0fdf nv]6fOdf kg]{df ! ;o #@ hgf lzIfsx¿ 5g\ eg] $( hgf lzlIfsfx¿ 5g\ .

sfhdf a:gsf nflu k|lhc, lhNnfsf ;'/Iff k|d'v / lhlzc ;lDdlnt 6f]nLn] …lghnfO{ of] 7fp"df ;'/Iffsf] b[li6n] a:g pko'Qm gePsf]Ú egL l;kmfl/; u/]kl5 dGqfno, ljefu / lgb]{zgfnox¿n] lzIfsx¿sf] sfh ;¿jf ub}{ cfPsf lyP . sfh ;¿jfdf lzIfsx¿ wdfwd hfg yfn]kl5 lhNnf tyf u|fdL0f Onfsfsf :s'nx¿df k9fO 7Kk x'g] ePkl5 tTsfnLg b]pjf ;/sf/sf kfnfdf ^ dlxgfsf nflu % ;osf] ;+Vofdf :jo+;]js lzIfs /fVg] k|aGw u/]sf] lyof] . t/, tL lzIfsx¿ /fVgsf nflu yk cfly{s Jooef/ v]Kg'kg]{ ePsfn] ltgLx¿nfO{ d+;L/df g} cjsfz lbOPsf] lyof] . b]pjf ;/sf/sf kfnfdf j}zfv dlxgfdf u/]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLx¿åf/f k|efljt lzIfsx¿nfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] xfnnfO{ lhNnf tyf pkTosfsf :s'nx¿df sfh ;¿jf u/]sf] eP klg ^ dlxgfkl5 k'gM klxn]s} :yfgdf xflh/ x'g'kg]{ / :jo+;]js egL lgo'Qm ePsf lzIfsx¿sf] :jtM cjsfz x'g] lg0f{o dlGqkl/ifb\af6 g} kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . jftf{ x'g]÷gx'g], k"0f{ o'4lj/fd k'gM x'g] ls gx'g], cfGbf]ng rs{g] ls grs{g] eGg] ljifodf olsg gx'"b} lzIfsx¿nfO{ 3r]6\gfn] kLl8t lzIfsx¿ emg\ kL8fbfoL cj:yfdf kg]{ ePsf 5g\ .

:d/0f /xf];\, o;eGbf cufl8 cfGbf]ngs} qmddf !) hgf lzIfsx¿ dfq cft+ssf/Lx¿åf/f dfl/Psf] ljefudf k|df0f eP klg cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf -OG;]s_ jif{ k':ts @))@ df ljut ^ jif{df @@ hgf lzIfsx¿ dfcf]jfbLåf/f / !% hgf lzIfsx¿ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f dfl/Psf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ædfcf]jfbLx¿n] o'4lj/fd dfq u/]sf], xltof/ gla;fPsf] cflb sf/0fn] lzIfsx¿ lgs} låljwfdf 5g\ . olb jftf{ ef“l8Pdf k'gM xfdLnfO{ cfpg km]l/ z"Go k|lqmofaf6 yfNg'k5{ . of] cjlw;Dd xfd|f] Uof/]06L ;/sf/n] lng ;S5 < o;sf] hjfkm ;/sf/n] lbg}k5{,Æ sfh lkmtf{df uPsf Ps lzIfsn] eg] .

lzIfs glthfdf cem} l9nfO x'g]

@)%@ ;fn kmfu'gdf v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{af6 :yfoL ul/g] eg]/ lj1fkg u/L @)%@ j}zfv–h]7df lnlvt k/LIff lnO{ df3df glthf k|sfzg u/L kmfu'gb]lv yflnPsf] df}lvs cGtjf{tf{ /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f k"/f ;ft jif{ ylGsof] / cf7 jif{ nfUg] a]nfdf k"0f{ ¿kdf cGtjf{tf{ eO;Sbf klg !$ xhf/ lzIfsx¿sf] glthfsf] kf]sf] rGb ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm u/]sf lzIff ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf pbo/fh ;f]tLn] clxn];Dd km'sfpg ;Sg'ePsf] 5}g . lzIfsx¿sf] glthf k|sfzg ug{ o;eGbf cufl8 u7g ePsf cf7j6f ;/sf/n] klg ;s]gg\ / gjf}+ ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf u7g ePsf] rGb ;/sf/n] klg of] glthf k|sfzg ug{ Eofpnf eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . t/, cWoIfn] eg] l5§} glthf 6f“; ug]{ 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ lemgf] cfzf dfq af“sL 5 .

d§Lt]ndf æsf8{ k|0ffnLÆ

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . ;:tf] b/df d§Lt]n pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ ;xh ¿kn] pknAw u/fpg g]kfn cfon lgudn] sf8{ k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ ePsf] 5 . !# lbg cufl8 g} nfu" x'g] u/L ;a} k|sf/sf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{x¿sf] d"Nodf Go"gtd &=^( b]lv clwstd ^$=& k|ltzt;Dd /sd j[l4 u/]sf] lyof] . d§Lt]n h:tf] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] pkof]u ug]{ OGwg ;x'lnot b/df sf]6f cg'¿k pknAw u/fpg !) r}qdf ;/sf/n] lg0f{o u¥of] . …s'kg k|0ffnLÚ ljut ;/sf/sf kfnfdf km]n vfPsf]n] o; k6s eg] s'kg k|0ffnLnfO{ x6fP/ sf8{ k|0ffnLnfO{ nfu" ul/g] ePsf] 5 . lgudsf k|jQmf bfxfnsf cg';f/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;'ne tl/sfaf6 ;]jf lbg] / lgudleq / aflx/ d§Lt]ndf clgoldttf gxf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] sf8{ k|0ffnL clw/fHoel/ nfu" ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .

nfu" ug{ nfluPsf] sf8{ k|0ffnLdf kl/jf/ ;+Vof, cleefjssf] gfd n]Vg'kg]{5 . pQm sf8{ Psk6s lnPkl5 Psjif{;Dd sfd ug{], em08}–em08} b"/;+rf/, vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg / ljB't k|flws/0fsf] sf8{sf] gd'gf h:tf] 5 . lgudn] ;a}nfO{ sf8{ lbg] 5}g . Uof“; k|of]ustf{nfO{ lgudn] sf8{ pknAw gu/fpg] ePsf] 5 eg] pknAw u/fPsf] sf8{df klg d§Lt]n lb+bf kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df dlxgfjf/Lsf] b/n] sf]6f cg'¿k pknAw u/fpg] 5 .

;x/L If]qdf ^ hgf b]lv dflysf] kl/jf/ ;+Vof /x]sf]nfO{ # ln6/ / # hgfb]lv % hgf;Dd /x]sf] kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf nflu % ln6/ d§Lt]n pknAw u/fpg] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . To:t} u|fdL0f tyf kxf8L e]usf k|To]s kl/jf/nfO{ # ln6/sf b/n] dfq d§Lt]n pknAw u/fOg] ePsf] 5 .

k|];af6 sf8{ cfPkl5 lgudn] pQm sf8{ &% j6} lhNnfx¿df k|lhcx¿nfO{ ljt/0fsf nflu k7fpg] ePsf] 5 . pQm sf8{ $@ nfv kl/jf/x¿nfO{ ljt/0f ul/g] nIo lnPsf] lgud ;|f]tsf] bfaL 5 . cab]lv sf8{df pkef]Qmfn] t]n nlu;s]kl5 l8n/n] slt t]n nu]sf] xf] ;f] ;d]t sf8{df r9fP/ ;xL u/L 5fk nufpg'kg]{ 5 . h;n] ubf{ sf8{sf] b'¿kof]u x'g] 5}g / d§Lt]nsf] r'xfj6df sdL cfpg] 5 . pQm sf8{sf] ;xL ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf]÷gePsf], l8n/x¿n] km6\ofO" u/]÷gu/]sf], Pp6fsf] sf8{ csf{n] k|of]u u/]÷gu/]sf] ljifodf lgudn] a]nf avtdf 58\s] ug]{ / km]nf k/]df sf/afxL ug]{ kl/kf6L klg /fv]sf] bfaL k|jQmf bfxfnn] ug'{ePsf] 5 .

:yflgo ;dfrf/ | ;Dkfblso | dgf]/~hg | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f | cg'ej÷cGtjftf{ |