sf7df08f}+, a}zfv !$ @)^)

:yflgo ;dfrf/

dfcf]jfbLsf] krxQ/ a'"b] Go"gtd dfu

dw's/zdz]/ ha/f

k[i7e"ld

krxQ/ a'"b] sfo{qmd !! ljljw kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . h;df -!_ cfwf/e"t gLltx¿ -@_ /fHo k|0ffnL -#_ hg;]gf / hg ;'/Iffk|0ffnL -$_ s[lif / e"ld;'wf/ -%_ pBf]u, ljQ / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; -^_ ;+:s[lt / lzIff -&_ :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;]jf -*_ hftLo tyf If]qLo k|Zg -(_ dlxnf tyf kl/jf/ -!)_ blnt hflt / -!!_ ljb]z gLlt 5g\ .

cu|e"ld

oL krxQ/ a'"bfx¿ >L % sf] ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿;"u ;Demf}tfdf k|j]z ug{sf nflu NofOPsf dfux¿ x'g\ . of cfkm\gf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf ;d]6\g g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f NofOPsf gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿ x'g\ eGg] s'/fdf cGof}ntf 5 . ;+If]kdf -s_ Tof] b:tfj]h r'gfjL 3f]if0ff kq xf] of ;Demf}tfsf] k'lnGbf < -v_ olb ;Demf}tfsf] nflu xf] eg] o;nfO{ Go"gtd dfusf] ;Gbe{df lsg lnPsf] < -u_ s] of] pgsf oyfy{ Go"gtd dfux¿nfO{ j}wflgstf lbg cfkm\gf] cleofglt/ /fli6«o hgdt k/LIf0f ug]{ k|of; klg x'g;S5, h;nfO{ ltgLx¿n] ;Demf}tfsf nflu uf]Ko g} /fVg]5g\ cyjf -3_ jf:tjdf pgLx¿ w]/} lhNnfdf lhTg ;S5g\ eGg] cg'dfg ug]{ xf] eg] gof" ;+ljwfgsf] ;Gbe{df cfkm\gf :yfgLo / If]qLo ;/sf/x¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf nflu of] …Go"gtd dfuÚ x'g t ;Sb}g <

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] lg/Gt/ of] eGb} cfPsf 5g\ ls zflGt sfod ug{sf nflu tLg k|lqmof k"/f ug}{kb{5 -s_ /fhf, /fhgLlts kf6L{ / gful/s ;dfhaf6 cfof]lht uf]nd]r a}7s -uf]d]a}_, -v_ cGtl/d ;/sf/ -c;_ -u_ ;+ljwfg;ef -;+;_

-b|i6JoM ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu /fli6«o lgjf{rg x'g;S5 . h'g o;}af6 ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 :jtM ;+;b\df ¿kfGtl/t x'g;S5 . k"jL{ l6df]/, gfl;lj{of / blIf0f clk|msfdf oxL ljlw ckgfOPsf] lyof] ._ oL dfux¿ dflysf s'g k|lqmofdf sxf" ;Demf}tf ug]{ xf] < uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eg]sf] ;Demf}tf ug]{ d~r xf]Og, t/ låkIfLo of lqkIfLo jftf{sf dfWodaf6 Psfk;df ljZjf; / e/f];f h'6fpg], Pscsf{nfO{ hfGg]–a'em\g] Pp6f c+u xf] . ha ;+ljwfg;efs} nflu r'gfj x'g' 5 eg] o'4lj/fd / cfrf/;+lxtf afx]s ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿ s]–s] 5g\ / < xf], s;}n] /fhgLlts ljifo / ;d:ofx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;Eemf}tf ug{;S5, t/ ;+ljwfg;ef dfq /fv]/ ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{gsf] nflu ;Demf}tf ug{ lglZrt ¿kdf ;Sb}g .

oyfy{df, dfcf]jfbL;"u k6s–k6s ;f]Wg} kb{5 ls ;+ljwfg;ef rflxPsf] xf] eg] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng lsg < /, olb cGtl/d ;/sf/ rflxPsf] xf] eg] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng g} lsg < Pp6f ljlw lgdf{0fsf nflu s:tf] vfnsf] ljlzi6 pknlAw x'g] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 <

olb uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng j}rfl/s ¿9Ljfbsf] cfbfg–k|bfg / lgjf{rg ljhonfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ zAbsf] cf8Da/df 5f6\g] d~r dfq aGg] xf] eg] of] zflGtsf nflu Pp6f wSsf klg aGg ;S5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ /]vfls+t ug'{ kb{5 . olb dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] nflu hlxn] klg lh2L ul//xG5g\ eg] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng x'g' cufj} Pp6f jf:tljs k|Zg p7\5– ;doa4 ¿kdf ul/aL / ljkGgtf k"0f{ ¿kdf pGd"ng ug{ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] lglZrt ;dofjlwdf d'n'snfO{ ljsl;t / ;d[4 /fi6«sf] ¿kdf p7fpg, ljsf; / k|hftGqsf] t[0fd"ndf k"0f{ ;xeflutf;lxt cNk;+Vosx¿sf] clwsf/ / dfgjclwsf/nfO{ s;/L ;dfof]hg ug]{ < To;sf nflu ;':ki6 ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;+/rgfut kl/jt{g cfjZos kb{5 . o;}n] uf]nd]r a}7sdf jftf{ cufj} Ps oyfy{jfbL / d'n'ssf] ;|f]t, ;fwg / hgtfsf] Jojxf/af6 xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] cfly{s Ph]08f cfjZos b]vfp"5 .

cfZro{s} s'/f 5 ls bnLo k|hftGqsf] hNbf]aNbf] ljifo Pstf / c;+od, ;+;bLo k|lqmof;"u d]n vf"bf 5}gg\ . c¿sf] clwsf/nfO{ k"0f{tM pk]Iff u/L k|ltkIfåf/f ank"j{s ;8s / lx+;fsf] /fhgLlt ug]{ z}nLnfO{ dfu jf 3f]if0ffkqdf k"0f{tM pk]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . ;du|df of] g} kf6L{leq / kf6L{x¿aLrdf /fd|f] k|hftflGqs ;/sf/sf] ;':ki6 cefj xf] h;n] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ ultzLntf lbPsf] lyof] .

t}klg dfux¿sf] cfsif{0f kIf s] xf] eg] kof{j/0fLo ljljwtfsf] jftfj/0fdf of] ax'hflt, ax'l;4fGt, ju{, efiff / wd{sf] cfe"if0f;lxt ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts oyfy{ w/ftndf plePsf] 5 . s] k|hftGqdf ;dfg dflgPsf ;a} dflg;x¿ k|hftGqsf] ;dfg ltgsf ljljwtfd} ;+nUg ePsf] x]g]{ cfsf+Iff o;n] /fv]sf] 5 < o;n] of] ;a} sfd Ps kf6L{ lgb]{lzt /fhgLlts s]Gb|Lotfdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdfkm{t ug{] dfu{ rog u/]sf] 5 .

dfusf efj / efiffz}nL ;f"Rr} u[xo'4 eP h:tf] / o'4lj/fdsf] oyfy{tf geP h:tf] b]lvG5 . o;df zq'tf, bL3{sfnLg o'4, hgo'4 h:tf zAbx¿sf] pRrf/0f b]lvG5 .

cfwf/e"t gLltx¿

oL l;4fGtx¿n] k|r'/ ¿kdf :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ ls ltgLx¿n] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yf, lå;bgfTds ljwflosf, dfgjclwsf/, sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsf h:tf /fHosf c+ux¿sf] zlQm k[ysLs/0f / :jtGq Gofokflnsf h:tf] xfd|f] ;+j}wflgs k|hftGqsf] :jLsf/ ub}{gg\ . ;+rf/ dfWodsf] e"ldsf h];'s} x'g] eP klg Toxf" pNn]v 5}g . ljz]iftM ljZje/ o;nfO{ k|hftGqsf] rf}yf] :tDesf] ¿kdf dflgPsf]n] o;sf] cg'Nn]vn] g} o;nfO{ ljlzi6 agfPsf] 5 .

…hgjfbL s]Gb|LotfÚ / …hgjfbL zf;g / s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;Gt'ngÚ sf] cjwf/0ff s] xf] < …;dfhjfb k|]l/t /fli6«o k'"hLjfbÚ eg]sf] s] xf] < s'g} Pp6f /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{sf nflu o:tf] 9f"rfdf xfNg' s] s'g} k|hftflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] nflu plrt x'G5 <

of] hfGg' klg /f]rs x'g]5 ls lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/LnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf ltgLx¿n] s;/L k|Tofe"lt lbg]5g\ . s] of] klg Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg / Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf nfu" x'g]5 jf xfnsf] l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf ;fdfGo ¿kdf pNn]lvt x'g]5 < xfd|f] Oltxf;df slxNo} Jojxf/df gNofOPsf] clgjfo{ ;}lgs ;]jfnfO{ s] o'jfx¿n] :jLsf/ unf{g\ < o;sf] lj/f]wfefif, uf]vf{ ;}lgs etL{ SofDk aGb ug]{5, s] Tof] klg hgtfn] :jLsf/ unf{g\ <

/fHosf] lgb]{lzt prfO{ ;lxt ;dfhjfb ldl>t Joj;fo k4ltnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cjnDag ug]{ s'/f klg s] ;'emfjof]Uo 5 < ha of] z}nL c;kmn ePsf] 5 / ;du| ;+;f/n] j}ZjLs/0f, If]qLos/0f, pkIf]qLos/0f h:tf ahf/ ;jfnnfO{ c+uLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . s] xfdL cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]if, ljZj a}+saf6 k5fl8 x6\g ;S5f}+ / ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gdf cfa4 x'gsf nflu xfdLn] lbPsf] / ylGsPsf] lgj]bg /2 ug{ ;S5f}+ <

j}b]lzs gLlt

s] dfcf]jfbLn] ;g\ !(%) sf] ;lGw PstkmL{ ¿kdf /2 ug]{ s'/fsf], d"Nosf] cf"sng u/]sf 5g\ < PstkmL{ C0f ;Demf}tf /2 ubf{sf kl/0ffdx¿ s]–s] x'G5g\, of] slxNo} lx;fa–lstfa /flvPsf] 5 < ljrf/ lgof{t u/L jf ljb|f]xL / cft+sjfbLnfO{ ;'/lIft :ju{sf] ;]jf lbP/ cfkm\gf] g]kfnnfO{ ljZjqmflGtsf] s]Gb| aGg nufpg' s] ;'emfj of]Uo 5 < s] g]kfn, ef/t, cd]l/sf, a]nfot lj/f]wL, blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;f]leot dxf;+3sf] df]rf{ x'g;S5 < s] ljZjsf ;j{zlQm, k|d'v zlQm / If]qLo zlQmx¿n] cfkm\gf] lxtnfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg] o:tf] j}b]lzs gLltnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5g\ < s] ljZjsf] >d ahf/ o:tf] j}b]lzs gLlt ePsf] d'n'ssf] gful/sx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbg cg's"n xf]nf < rfx] ltgLx¿ hlt;'s} nfut k|0ffnL jf -;:tf_ lsg gx'g\ .

/fHok|0ffnL

;'emfOPsf] /fHo ;+/rgf rflx+ ax'bnLo, ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] k|lts"n x'g]u/L hg;ef, hg;ldlt / s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo, lhNnf / ufp" u/L rf/ txsf] zf;gdf ;+/lrt 5 . of] c:ki6 5 . lsg If]qLo ;+/rgf cfjZos eP < lhNnfx¿df s:tf] zlQm lbOg] xf] < of] ;g\ !(^) / &) sf] bzssf] k~rfotLsfneGbf klg a9L /fhgLlts / cfly{s zlQmx¿ a9L s]Gb|Ls[t ul/g] h:tf] b]lvG5 / cfw'lgs k|hftflGqs cjwf/0ffsf] ;'zf;gsf] nflu Ps sbd kl5 x6]h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . To:tf] cjwf/0ff h'g ltgLx¿n] gx6fpg' s'g} cfZro{ x}g .

lah]tf g} ;Dk"0f{ x'g] xfnsf] k4lt xf]Og, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] cfwf/df x'g] r'gfjaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 . t}klg ltgLx¿n] xfn :yfgLo :t/df ;j{bnLo k|ltlglw;ef agfpg] / kl5 r'gfj ug]{ cf+sfIff /fv]sf 5g\ .

;'emfOPsf] /fHok|0ffnLn] j}olQms d'lQm / :jtGqtfnfO{ s'g} :yfg lbPsf] 5}g / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjflwsf/sf] cjwf/0ffsf] k|lts"n klg 5 . ;ef;b\ / ;ldlt ;b:ox¿nfO{ lkmtf{ af]nfpg] zlQm gof" vfnsf] 5 . /fhgLlts / ;+j}wflgs ljifox¿nfO{ ldqfefjn] ;dfwfg u/] klg k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] -cg'R5]b !&_ lgod sfg'gnfO{ z"Go agfpg] / sfg'gL d'2fx¿sf] cleof]usf] sfd ;]gfn] ug]{ ePsf]n] -cg'R5]b !*_ d'n'sn] ueL/ cfly{s ;+s6 ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ 5 . Gofokflnsfsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ hg;efn] lgo'lQm ug{]5 . -cg'R5]b !(_ .

;'/Iff k|0ffnL k|hftflGqs kl/kf6Ldf hgtfsf] ;]gfsf] ;jf]{Rr sdf08/ -k|wfg ;]gfklt_ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] k|d'v x'G5 eGg] s'/f cfh;Dd ;'lgPsf] 5}g . o;n] csf]{ /fHo ;[hgf u5{ . of] cg'dfg ul/G5 Toxf" b'O{y/L ;}lgs sdf08 x'G5g\, Pp6f dfcf]jfbLsf] If]qflwsf/ cGt/ut cnUu :yflkt If]qsf nflu < s] of] c;kmn /fHosf] k|df0f x}g < olb :jfoQ If]q Tof] ug{ rfxG5g\ eg] cnUu} :jtGq /fHosf]¿kdf cfTd;dk{g ug{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/nfO{ lsg k|of]u gug]{ < s] ;]gfnfO{ /fhgLltdf ;+nUg u/fpg' k|ltufdL sbd x'"b}g, oBlk Tof] hg;]gf g} lsg gxf];\ <

s[lif / e"ld;'wf/

/fhgLlts, ;'/Iff / j}b]lzs gLltsf] cjwf/0ffdf qmflGtsf/L k|s[ltsf] b]vfk/]sf dfcf]jfbLx¿ of] If]qdf lsg oyfl:yltjfbL b]lvPsf 5g\ < of] dggof]Uo 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu x]/f+}M Toxf" e"ld;'wf/ x'G5 t/ wgL / dWod ls;fgsf] hdLg hkmt ul/g] 5}g elgPsf] 5 . -a'"bf gDa/ @^_ :ki6 5, of] clws ;fgf ls;fgx¿af6 ef]6 a6'Ng] pkfo dfq xf] / o;df Go"g Aofh, ;:tf] dn / l;+rfO{+sf] dfWodaf6 e"ld;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{qmd /xg] 5 . 5f]6f] pQ/ 5, a9L qmflGtsf/L x'"bf, pgLx¿n] u|fdL0f ljsf;sf nflu cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx¿df ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf] r'gfjL ;dy{g k|fKt ug{ pgLx¿ rfxG5g\ ha zx/L pRr ju{sf] :jfy{sf] s'/f cfp"5, Jofkf/ / pBf]u If]qdf /fli6«os/0fsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . of] z}nLn] gu/ / zx/x¿df ljZj+z Nofpg] 5 . h'g rflx+ ;fdflhs kl/jt{g / k|ultzLn ef}lts ;Da[l4, af}l4s ;[hgzLntf / k|fljlws k|a4{gsf jf:tljs s]Gb|x¿ x'g\ .

s] Go"gtd /fli6«o s[lif Hofnf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Dej jf ;'emfjof]Uo 5 -a'"bf @(_

/fHon] d"No lgoGq0f u/]sf] a]nf s] /fli6«o k""hLjfbL s[lif ahf/ agfpg ;Dej 5 < To:t} s[lif pBf]u / Jofkf/df klg < ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ljlgof]hgdf k|efjsfl/tfsf] k|Tofe"lt s;/L lbOG5 < zx/L ;j{xf/f ju{ jf ->lds ju{_ af6 u|fdL0f ls;fgx¿df x'g] zf]if0f s;/L x6fOg] 5 < -#( a'"bf_

pBf]u, ljQ / k"jf{wf/

s'g} klg JolQmsf] ;DklQ /fli6«os/0f ug'{ s] ;xL xf] < -gf]s/;fxL k""hLklt / ef/tLo Psflwsf/nfO{ afx]s ul/Psf] 5_ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] slt;Ddsf] cfly{s :jtGqtf ;'/lIft u5{g\ < oL k""hLjfbL / Psflwsf/jfbLx¿sf] sf] x'g\ <

3/]n', u|fdL0f / n3' pBf]ux¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] s'/f /f0ffsfnb]lvsf of]hgf k|lqmofx¿df ;w}+e/L k|of; u/L k/LIf0f klg ul/Psf] 5 . t/ /fhgLlts k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g ePtf klg of] slxNo} ;kmn ePg . ;g\ !(#) sf] cf/De jf lj=;+= !(*& ;"u} 7"nf, demf}nf / ;fgf pBf]ux¿n] g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lusLs/0fdf e"ldsf v]N5g\ eGg] dxz'; ul/of] . cfkm\gf] ;fgf] cfsf/sf] ahf/sf] sf/0f g]kfnn] lgof{td'vL /0fgLltsf] j[l4 gckgfP;Dd g]kfnsf] slxNo} cf}Bf]lusLs/0f x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f klg Toltv]/ yfxf gePsf] xf]Og .

/fHo lgolGqt Jofkf/df z/0ffut 5"bf o;n] cbIftf 3";, e|i6frf/ / s/bftfsf] nfutdf /fli6«o ;|f]tx¿sf] eo+s/ b'¿kof]ult/ n}hfg] 5 . of] k~rfotL sfnsf] lzIff xf] .

clwsf+z gLltx¿ cfn+sfl/s 5g\ / em08} !)) k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . -h:tf] pkef]Qmfsf] ;xsf/L;"u ;DalGwt $% cf}+ a'"bf -h'g ljz]ifu/L kxf8 / lxdfnL If]qdf h;n] cfly{s If]qdf ;dGjo Nofpg eGbf ;fdflhs b'/L a9fpg ;3fp"5_ g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs cj:yfdf g]kfnL lrQ cg';f/ c;kmn x'g afWo 5 .

vfBfGg, af;, skf;, ;/;kmfO, lzIff, :jf:Yo / sfdx¿ k|:t't ul/Psf] ljz]if cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ Rjf§} 5f]8\g ;Dej 5 < -a'"bf $*_ pgLx¿;"u ePsf] elgPsf] gful/s ;dfhsf] ;':ki6 cjwf/0ff eg]sf] s] xf] <

;+:s[lt / lzIff

s'g} l6Kk0fL 5}g . g]kfnsf nflu zx;|fAbL ljsf; nIoeGbf ltgLx¿n] /fd|f] ug{ ;Sg] cfsf+Iff /fVg]5g\ eGg] s;}n] g;f]r];Dd .

:jf:Yo / ;fdflhs sNof0f s'g} l6Kk0fL 5}g .

hflt / wd{

dfWolds / pRr dfWolds lzIffdf ;+:s[tsf] :yfgsf] pNn]v gx'g' rfvnfUbf] 5 . æPseGbf a9L Onfsfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf sltko hfltx¿sf] xsdf PseGbf a9L :jfoQ zf;g OsfO x'g;Sg]5g\ .Æ eg]/ s] eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] < oL :jfoQ ufp", lhNnf / If]qx¿df ah]6 s;/L ljlgof]hg ul/g] xf] < ltgLx¿ s] af6 :jfoQ x'g] x'g\ < s'g} k|efjL hft ljgf lhNnfx¿ 56k6fP eP eg] s] x'G5 <

ha pTkfbgsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 -a'"bf ^#_ eg] s] hfltx¿sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj k|0ffnLn] /fd|f] k|ltlglwTj, ;fd'bflos ;f}xfb|{tf / zf;gdf klg a9L l:y/tf Nofp"5 < s] hftsf] cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug'{ /fd|f] xf] < To;f] eP dlxnfx¿sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] nflu ltgnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] cf/If0feGbf n}lËs cfwf/ lsg g5'6\ofpg] <

:yfgLo :jfoQ :zf;g cGt/ut s0ff{nL, ;]tL / dxfsfnL dfq} lsg < -a'"bf ^$_ . s] of] g]kfnL hg u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf] sfZdL/ aGg vf]Hb}5 <

hghftLnfO{ s;/L kl/eflift ug]{ < of] kxf8af6 lsg leGg x'g] < dfcf]jfbLx¿åf/f of] :ki6 kfl/g'k5{ . t/fOsf gful/sx¿sf] gful/stf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] ;"q s] 5 < of] k"0f{tM JofVof ul/g'k5{ -a'"bf ^%_ .

dlxnf / kl/jf/

s]xL dlxnfx¿ 5g\, hf] cf/If0f cGt/ut ljz]if ;'ljwf / nfe xf]Og j[xb\ cy{df ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf jf:tljs ;dfg clwsf/ lbg'kg]{ s'/fdf ljZjf; /fV5g\ . ;dfg k}t[s clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df klg afa'cfdfsf] OR5f a]u/ pgLx¿sf] d[To' geP;Dd 5f]/f5f]/L s;}nfO{ k}t[s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ lbOg' x'"b}g eGg] ltgsf] dfGotf 5 .

j]Zofj[lt h:tf] ;fdflhs ljs[lt sfg'gåf/f cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 . ef]sd/L ab\nfdf w]/} dlxnfn] o;nfO{ rog g} u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ;fdflhs ljs[ltx¿nfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ Psdfq pkfo kof{Kt /f]huf/L / cfocfh{gsf cj;/x¿ k|bfg ug'{ xf] . ;dfg /fhgLlts clwsf/ klg rflxG5 . olb ufp", lhNnf / /fli6«o ;efx¿df dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf] dlxnf lgjf{rg If]qdf dlxnfnfO{ 5'§} lgjf{lrt ug]{ xf] eg] o;sf] k|Tofe"lt x'g;S5 .

gful/s sfg'gsf ljifox¿sf] lg0f{o ug]{ ljz]ifflwsf/ hg;/sf/sf k|ltlglwsf] x}g . Gofosf ;Dk"0f{ ljifox¿sf] lg0f{o ug]{ st{Jo t Gofokflnsfsf] xf] .

blnt hghflt

hxf" klg hfthfltnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . lsg yk Psk6s c¿ /fVg vf]h]sf] < x/]s lnË, hfthflt, ju{, hghflt, wd{, efiff / /}yfg] dflg;x¿ blnt x'g ;S5g\ .

lgisif{

;a}sf nflu Go"gtd cfjZostfx¿ /fHon] k|Tofe"lt lbof] / k"/f u¥of] eg] klg tL tyfslyt Go"gtd dfux¿n] g]kfnsf] cy{tGqnfO{ :yfoL ljsf;f]Gd'v cj:yfdf /fVg] 5g\ . cy{tGq k|ToIf afx\o nufgL /lxt jf l5d]sLx¿;"usf] ;fgf] Jofkf/;lxtsf] aGb cy{tGq x'g]5, cfly{s j[l4 k|ltjif{ @ k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g, hg;+Vof j[l4b/ eGbf yf]/} a9L . /fli6«o /fhgLlt / PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] e"–/fhgLltsf] k|s[lt cy{ g]kfnL lsNnfnfO{ afx\o k|efjaf6 klg ;jn /fVg ;}Go zlQmdf j[xt ah]6 vr{ ljlgof]hg ug'{kg]{ x'g cfp"5 . g]kfnL /fHon] cfkm\gf] qmflGtsf/L :j¿k sfod /fVg vf]Hbf g]kfn dfly cTolws afx\o k|efj kg]{5 . xfdLn] t # k|ltzt j[l4b/ b[li6ut u/]sf 5f}" . t/ w]/}n] o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx¿ j}b]lzs ;xof]u, j}b]lzs nufgL, j}b]lzs /f]huf/L, j}b]lzs Jofkf/ / hn;|f]tsf] Jofkf/df OR5's gePsf] kl/k|]Iodf cfzfjflbtfaf6 w]/} 6f9fsf] ¿kdf x]/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ljrf/wf/fsf] k|fwfGotf;"u} pRr / dWod ju{ b]zaf6 knfog x'g yfNof] / ljQLo k""hL, j}b]lzs k""hL, dfjg k""hLn] b]z 5f8\g yfNof] eg] o:tf] x'g klg ;S5 .

ljQLo If]q ;'wf/df g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf k|of;x¿

>Lk|;fb kf}8]n

lj=;+= @)!# ;fn j}zfv !$ ut] :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn /fi6« a}+s cfhb]lv $* cf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/L Pp6f ;'b[9 / kl/kSs ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( df )=^ k|ltztsf] C0ffTds cfly{s j[l4b/ / em08} ;f9] @ ca{sf] zf]wgfGt/ 3f6f /fi6« a}+ssf] nflu lrGtfsf ljifo ePtfklg # k|ltzteGbf klg sdsf] d'b|f:kmLlt / !) dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfoft wfGg;Sg] s'n ljb]zL ljlgdo ;+lrltnfO{ eg] df}lb|s gLlt lgdf{0fdf a}+snfO{ k|fKt ;kmntfsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj / ;+/rgfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf ;fy} ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/df /fi6« a}+sn] ljut s]xL jif{otf cfkm\gf] Wofg s]lGb|t ub}{ cfPsf] kfO{G5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] lau|+bf] ljQLo l:ylt / tL ;+:yfx¿df /x]sf] ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf] cefj /fi6« a}+ssf nflu uDeL/ ;d:of ag]sf 5g\ . oL r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ ljutdf ul/Psf k|of;x¿sf] ;dLIff / cfufdL lbgx¿df rflng] sbdx¿af/] 7f]; sfo{qmdx¿ th'{df ug{ / ltgLx¿sf] ;xL sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ug{ j}zfv !$ nfO{ Pp6f cj;/sf] ¿kdf /fi6« a}+sn] pkof]u ug'{kb{5 .

g]kfndf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] lj:tf/ ltj| ePsfn] jfl0fHo a}+sx¿ !&, ljsf; a}+s @@, ljQ sDkgL %%, ljQLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿ #$ -g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt_ / ljQLo u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+Vof #* k'u]sf] 5 . ;+VofTds ljsf; eP tfklg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df shf{ c;"nL sd x'g], efvf gf3]sf shf{x¿ a9\g], Jofh k""hLs/0f u/L shf{ k'g/tflnsLs/0f ug]{ k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 . ;fy} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿;"u u}/–a}+lsË ;DklQ y'lk|+b} uPsf] l:yltnfO{ ;d]t ljZn]if0f ubf{ /fi6« a}+ssf] a}+lsË gLltn] shf{sf] u'0f:t/ / tL ;+:yfx¿sf] ;'b[9 ljQLo l:yltnfO{ eGbf ;+VofTds ljsf;nfO{ a9L hf]8 lbPsf] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . s'n sf/f]jf/sf] lx;fjn] dxTjk"0f{ c+z cf]u6]sf g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 / /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf] ljQLo l:ylt eg] cem emg gfh's cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . oL b'j} jfl0fHo a}+sx¿df a9\bf] lgliqmo shf{ Non-performing Loan (NPL) n] s'n shf{ nufgLsf] em08} cfwf lx:;f cf]u6]sf] 5 / o:tf] NPL sf] cfwfh:tf] nufgL k'/} 8'Ag] l:yltdf /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . ljut s]xL jif{otf d'n'sdf 36]sf lx+;fTds 36gfsf sf/0f u|fdL0f Onfsfdf zflGt;'/Iffsf] l:ylt g/fd|f];"u vNalnof] . o;n] ubf{ tL df]km;nsf lhNnfx¿df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;]jf k'¥ofpg] ;+:yfx¿ To:tf Onfsfaf6 lj:tf/} knfog eP . kmn:j¿k u|fdL0f ljQLo / e'QmfgL k|0ffnL etfe'Ë ePsf] l:ylt cfof] .

;/sf/ / /fi6« a}+ssf] clwsf+z nufgLdf v'n]sf u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+sx¿n] ufp"df vf]n]sf zfvfx¿ aGb u/L sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd jf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf lagf sfd tnd eQf v'jfP/ /fVg'kg]{ l:ylt cfof] . o;}n] tL a}+sx¿sf] cfo 36\g], nufgL 8'Ag] / z]o/k""hL IfoLs/0f cem a9\g] ;d:ofdf hsl8Psf 5g\ . d'n'sleqsf] clglZrt / c;'/lIft cj:yfn] zx/L s]Gb|x¿df klg gsf/fTds k|efj k¥of] . a}+s tyf ljQLo If]qdf yk ljb]zL nufgL lelqg'sf] ;§f eO/x]sf] nufgL lkmtf{ uof] . cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( df jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf ;dfj]z ePsf] k""hLsf]ifdf cTolws j[l4 ePsf] 5 eg] cfly{s jif{ @)%&.%* sf] t'ngfdf lgIf]k j[l4b/ # k|ltztdf ;Lldt /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( df rNtL lgIf]ksf] j[l4b/ C0ffTds lyof] . jfl0fHo a}+sx¿ s'n lgIf]k / shf{sf] j[l4b/sf] t'ngfdf cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( df ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL, ;xsf/L ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] j[l4b/ lgs} pRr /x]sf] 5 .

jfl0fHo a}+sx¿df h:t} cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df klg lgodg, lg/LIf0f / ;'zf;gsf] cefjdf ljQLo cg'zf;g / ;+:yfut ;'zf;g cefjsf ;fy} zx/df s]lGb|t x'g] k|j[lQ kfOPsf] 5 .

o;/L g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] Psftk{m u|fdL0f Onfsfsf] jrt kl/rfngsf] nflu ;+:yfut ljsf;, lj:tf/ / :yfloTjdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ l:ylt 5 eg] csf]{tk{m s]Gb| / df]km;ndf :yflkt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udg sfo{nfO{ lgoldt / kf/bzL{ agfp"b} ;du| ljQLo If]qsf] :yfloTj / sfo{s'zntf clej[l4 ug'{k/]sf] 5 .

a}+s tyf ljQLo If]q ;'wf/sf qmd /fi6« a}+sn] ;j{k|yd cfkm\gf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / k'g;+{/rgf ug'{kg]{ dx;'; u/L IOS Partners nfO{ ;Nnfxsf/ lgo'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;d"xsf >L ljn cf/ k]08n6gsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f, ljQ Joj:yfkg, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f, :yfgLo ljQ lj1 / dfgj ;+zfwg ;DaGwL lj1x¿sf] 6f]nLaf6 k/fdz{ lng] qmd ;'¿ ul/;s]sf] 5 . ofGqLs/0fn] 36fPsf] sfo{af]em cg'¿k hgzlQm ;dfof]hg ug]{ qmddf ut r}qdf Pp6f :j]lR5s cjsf; of]hgf klg ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] 5 . ljleGg ljefux¿ ufEg] k|lqmof klg ;'¿ eO;s]sf] 5 .

o;/L g} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] If]qdf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ ;DaGwL gof" Joj:yf cGtu{t /fli6«o :t/df vf]lng] jfl0fHo a}+ssf] nflu ljb]zL nufgLstf{sf] ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{ jf Technical Service Agreement ;fy} ! ca{ r'Qmf k""hL x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL, ljQLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿ / ljQLo u}/–;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL 5'§f5'§} lgb]{zgx¿ klg hf/L eO;s]sf 5g\ . To:tf ;+:yfx¿sf] t/ntf, Jofhb/, ljb]zL ljlgdo b/df x'g] ptf/r9fj / shf{ ;DaGwL hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] a}+s tyf ljleGg ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lgb]{zgx¿ lbOPsf] 5 . To:tf ;+:yfx¿df ;'zf;g sfod ug{ OdfGbf/ / Jofj;flos JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+rfns ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj u/fpg ;+rfnsx¿sf] of]Uotf, cfr/0f / pQ/bfloTjsf ;fy} sfo{sf/L k|d'v / sd{rf/Lx¿n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ lgodx¿ klg gof" lgodgdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] ¿kdf /fi6« a}+sn] lgb]{zgx¿ dfq hf/L u/]sf] 5}g, oL lgodgx¿ kfngf eP gePsf] lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udg ug]{ bIf hgzlQm klg Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ut jif{ dfq !!@ hgf clws[t tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;DaGwL bIftf j[l4 ug]{ tflnd k|bfg u¥of] .

lg/LIf0f / ;'kl/j]If0fsf] qmddf b]lvPsf] q'6Lx¿sf] k|s[lt cg'¿k a}+s ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lj36g, nfef+z ljt/0fdf /f]s / lgIf]k ;+sngdf ;Ldf tf]lslbg] h:tf sfjf{xL klg cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . cTolws v/fa shf{ / ljQLo ;'zf;g sfod ug{ g;s]sf g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8sf] Joj:yfkg @)%( >fj0f ^ ut]b]lv ICC Consulting Joj:yfkg ;d"xn] lnPsf] 5 . /, @)%( kf}ifb]lv /fli6«o afl0fHo j}+ssf] Joj:yfkg cd]l/sL gful/s x]08/;gn] ;Dxfn]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} n'lDagL a}+s lnld6]8sf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf lgb]{zgx¿ af/Daf/ pNn+3g u/]sfn] @)%* r}qdf lgnDag u/L ;+rfns ;ldltn] ug]{ sfo{x¿ ug{ j}slNks Joj:yf /fi6« a}+sn] u/]sf] 5 . w]/} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] ;j{;fwf/0f lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt ljkl/t sfo{ u/]sf] kfOPsfn] lgIf]k ;+sngdf k|ltjGw, ;+rfnsx¿nfO{ :ki6Ls/0f, nfef+z ljt/0fdf aGb]hh:tf sfjf{xL u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df ljQLo cg'zf;g sfod ug{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

ljut s]xL jif{otf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] lgoGq0f / lgodgdf dfq geP tL ;+:yfx¿ :jtGq ¿kdf sfd ug{ lbg jftfj/0f tof/ ub}{ ljQLo sfo{s'zntf j[l4 ug]{ gLltx¿ cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . ljutsf] eGbf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf ;DaGwL gLlt kf/bzL{ 5 eg] a}+sx¿nfO{ lgIf]kdf lng] / shf{df lbg] Jofhb/ tf]Sg :jtGqtf k|bfg ul/g'sf] ;fy} k|fylds shf{sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] lgb]{lzt shf{ qmdzM sd ub}{ nuL cfufdL % jif{leq k"0f{tof x6fOg] gLlt lnPsf] kfOG5 . t/ ljkGg ju{sf] nflu k|bfg ul/g] lgb]{lzt shf{ eg] oyfjt /flvPsf] 5 . b]zsf] k|fyldstf If]qdf shf{ k|jfxdf sdL gxf];\ egL /fi6« a}+sn] cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( sf] gfkmfaf6 ¿= !) s/f]8 / cfufdL jif{sf] gfkmfaf6 % k|ltzt u|fdL0f :jfjnDag sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g] Joj:yf nfu" ul/;s]sf] 5 . ljb]zL d'b|fdf k|jfx x'g] lgof{thGo pBf]ux¿ / u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+sx¿sf] nflu lbOg] k'gs{hf{b/df Jofks s6f}tL u/L qmdzM @ k|ltzt / $=@ k|ltztdf emf/]sf] 5 eg] ¿U0f pBf]usf] nflu # k|ltzt b/df em08} ! ca{ % s/f]8 ¿k}of" 5'§\ofOPsf] 5 . o;/L 5'§\ofOPsf] clwsf+z /sd To:tf pBf]ux¿n] pkof]u klg ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] ljQLo :jf:Yo ;'b[9 ug{ k""hL j[l4 ug]{, ;+lrt gfkmf k""hLs/0f ug]{ / xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lbOPsf lgb]{zgx¿ C0ffTds cfly{s j[l4b/ ePsfn] cJofjxfl/s h:tf b]lvG5g\ . o:t} k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf hfg] shf{ s6f}tL ubf{ xfd|f] h:tf] Dichotomized ¿kdf /x]sf] cy{ Joj:yfdf gfkmf gx'g] t/ ;fdflhs b[li6n] clt dxTjk"0f{ If]qdf s;n] ljQLo ;]jf k'¥ofpg] eGg] k|Zg p7\g klg ;S5 . t/ ljQLo dWo:ytf nfut 36fO{ sd b/df nufgLof]Uo ;fwg pknAw u/fP/ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;:tf] d"Nodf j:t' tyf ;]jf pTkfbg ug{ ljQLo jhf/ k|lt:kwL{ x'g' h¿/L 5 . t/ WTO df g]kfnn] k|j]z kfPkl5 cGt/f{li6«o ahf/sf] kmfObf lng oL gLltx¿ clt ;xof]uL aGg ;S5g\ . ;+If]kdf /fi6« a}+sn] ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/ u/L ljQLo ahf/sf] sfo{s'zntf j[l4 ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df ljleGg lgodg lg/LIf0f / ;'kl/j]If0fsf dfWodn] ul/g] k|of;x¿ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . t/ ljQLo If]q ;'wf/sf gfp"df cgfjZos x:tIf]k, lgodg, lg/LIf0f / ;'kl/j]If0f x'"bf ljQLo If]qsf] sfo{s'zntf 36\g] / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ xtf]T;flxt x'g] Pj+ sltko b]zx¿df ljQLo If]q ;'wf/sf gfdddf ePsf] 7"nf] vr{n] cy{ Joj:yfdf k|lts"n k|efj kf/]sf] pbfx/0fx¿ kfOPsfn] To;tk{m klg /fi6« a}+s ;r]t /xg'kg]{ x'G5 .

ljs/fn aGb}5 x8\8Lsf] SofG;/

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . x8\8Ldf b]vfkg]{ SofG;/sf /f]uLx¿sf] rfk lbgfg'lbg a9\g yfn]kl5 ;Lldt x8\8Lsf 8fS6/x¿nfO{ sfo{ af]emtfn] lyRg yfn]sf] 5 .

x8\8L lvOg], ;8\g], uNg], 6'qmg] / x8\8Ldf 6\o'd/ b]vfkg]{ h:tf ;d:ofx¿ lbg–k|ltlbg u'0ffTds lx;fan] a9\b} hfg yfn]sf] cg'ej lzIf0f c:ktfnsf jl/i7 xf8hf]gL{ ;DaGwL /f]uL x]b}{ cfPsf k|f]km];/ tyf 8fS6/ Pn= Pn= zfxsf] 5 . zfxn] s'g} g s'g} xf8sf] ;d:of af]s]/ cfPsf /f]uLx¿ k|ltlbg ! ;o %) hgfsf] ;+Vofdf x]g{'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .

/f]uLsf] rfkeGbf 8fS6/sf] pTkfbgdf sdL x'g' g} o;sf] d"n h8 ePsf] 8f= zfxsf] egfO 5 . clxn];Dd xf8;DaGwL /f]u x]g]{ 8fS6/x¿ g]kfndf $) hgf dfq /x]sf] / pgLx¿ klg a9L s]Gb|df g} s]lGb|t /x]sf]n] ufp" tyf lhNNffdf xf8sf] ;d:ofaf6 dg]{sf] rfk a9L x'g;Sg] z+sf 8f= zfxsf] 5 . x8\8Lsf] SofG;/ k"0f{ ¿kdf lgsf] gx'g] eP klg /f]syfd eg] ug{ ;lsg] ljZjf; lng ;lsG5 .

kx'"r ePsfx¿n] x8\8Lsf] SofG;/ ePkl5 ljb]zdf uP/ k};f vr{ u/]sf] t/ /f]u lg/fs/0f gePsf] 36gf ;'gfp"b} 8f= zfx eGg'x'G5, æ/f]syfd t g]kfnd} x'G5, a¿ ljb]zeGbf ;:tf] x'G5 . lsg dfG5] ljb]z uP/ nfvf}+ k};f ;S5g\ < g t lgsf] g} x'G5 .Æ

s] xf] x8\8Lsf] SofG;/ <

kmf]S;f], k]6 / :tgsf] SofG;/sf] rrf{n] ubf{ 5fof"df k/]sf] x8\8Lsf] SofG;/ klg sd vt/fsf] x'"b}g . xf8af6 x'g] SofG;/ !%–!^ k|sf/sf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . s'g} w]/} dfqfdf kfOG5 eg] s'g} c;fdfGo dfqfdf kfOG5g\ . oL ;a}nfO{ k|foMh;f] xf8sf] 6\o'd/ g} elgb}+ cfOPsf] 5 . dGb xf8sf] SofG;/, 3fts xf8sf] SofG;/ / km}lnPsf] xf8sf] SofG;/ cflb ljz]ifu/L b]vfkg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ladf/Lsf] pd]/, SofG;/ ePsf] 7fp" x]/]/ pkrf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 8f= zfx atfpg'x'G5 . dGb xf8sf] SofG;/ sd vt/gfs x'gfn] pkrf/df klg sd vt/f g} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . 3fts xf8sf] SofG;/sf] pkrf/ eg] l56f] ug'{k5{ geP o;af6 3ftsk"0f{ kl/l:yltsf] lgZro g} ;fdgf ug'{k5{ . t/, pkrf/ u/fp"bf g} lgs} x'G5 eGg] Uof/]G6L eg] 5}g . t}klg s]xL ;do;Dd ladf/Lsf] cfo' nDAofpg ;lsG5 .

To:t}, km}lnPsf] xf8sf] SofG;/ klg k|foM 3fts g} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] pkrf/ klg ;fwf/0ftofM ladf/Lsf] b'vfO sd ug]{ / cfo' a9fpg] dfq x'G5 . dGb xf8sf] SofG;/sf] 3]/f PS;–/]df ;d]t b]Vg ;lsG5 . 3fts 6\o'd/ l56f]–l56f] a9\g] u5{ . o; lsl;dsf] ladf/LnfO{ xf8 b'Vg], l5§} l;ls:t la/fdL x'g] / SofG;/ ePsf] efu ;'lgg] u5{ .

x8\8Lsf] SofG;/ klg c¿ efusf] SofG;/ h:t} dGb vfnsf] of 3fts x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] pkrf/df xf8 hf]gL{ ljz]if1sf] dfq sfd geP/ Ps k"/f 6f]nL g} cfjZos kg]{ x'G5 . pQm 6f]nLdf xf8 hf]gL{ ljz]if1, k|of]uzfnf ljz]if1, /]l8of] y]/flk:6 / SofG;/ ljz]if1sf] cfjZos kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf ;a}eGbf a9L dGb xf8sf] SofG;/ b]lvb}+ cfPsf] 5 . o;df x8\8L a9]/ w]/} 7"nf] x'g] u5{ . 7fp" x]/L gzf lyRg] / hf]gL{ glhs ePsf hf]gL{ /fd|/L rnfpg ufx|f] x'g] u5{ . of] a9L dfqfdf 3'"8f jl/k/L x'G5 / xf8 a9\g] qmd /f]lsPkl5 of] klg a9\b}g . PS;–/] af6 o;sf] lgbfg ug{ ;lsG5 / 7fp" x]/L o;nfO{ k"/f lgsfNg' g} o;sf] pkrf/ xf] . sl/a Ps k|ltzt la/fdLdf of] a9]/ 3fts xf8sf] SofG;/ x'g;S5 .

To:t} d'v / 6fpsf]sf] xf8df cfpg] s8f x8\8Lsf] 6\o'd/ klg sd vt/gfs x'"b}g . of] cS;/ b'Vb}g / o;n] s'g} yk la/fdL / 3fts c;/ eg] lgDTofp"b}g . Hofb} 7"nf] ePdf of g/fd|f] b]lvPdf of] 6\o'd/ sf6]/ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . Osteoid Osteoma elgg] SofG;/ k|foMh;f] % jif{b]lv @% jif{sf] pd]/;Ddsf dflg;df b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . of] w]/} u/]/ k'¿ifx¿df a9L b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] 5 . of] lt3|f / v'§fsf] x8\8Ldf cS;/ b]lvP klg 6fpsf]sf] xf8 afx]s s'g} klg xf8df x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ladf/LnfO{ w]/} b'Vg], cf}iflw ;]jgkl5 b'vfO sd x'g], aflx/af6 x8\8L a9]sf] gb]lvg] eP klg PS;–/]af6 ;lhn} klxNofpg ;lsg] 8f= zfxn] atfpg'eof] . zfxn] eGg'eof], æo;sf] pkrf/ zNo lrlsT;f g} xf] / zNo lrlsT;faf6 of] 6\o'd/ lgsflnG5 . of] k"/f lgsfnL lbPdf ;d:of k"0f{ ¿kdf lgsf] x'G5 .

a+uf/f / 9f8sf] xf8df 6\o'd/ eP 6\o'd/ ePsf] 7fp"df b'Vg] / xf8 uNg] / km'Ng] x'G5 . o;sf] pkrf/ klg 6\o'd/ lgsfnL af"sL xf8 ;kmf ug]{ / af"sL ePsf] efudf pQm 7fp"af6 x8\8L kmfNg] jf km]g]{ ul/G5 .

s's{'/] x8\8Lsf] 6\o'd/ ePdf pQm 7fp" ;'lgg] / PS;–/]df x]bf{ of] 6\o'd/ ePsf] 7fp" uNg] / gof" x8\8L ag]sf] b]lvg] x'G5, t/ pQm 7fp"df xf8 /fVg] / 6\o'd/ v'ls{P/ kmfNg' g} cr's pkrf/ /x"b} cfPsf] 5 .

sltko xf8sf SofG;/x¿sf] nIf0f cgf}7f] vfnsf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h:tf] ;'¿df ladf/LnfO{ b'Vg], kf]Ng] geOsg lj:tf/} x8\8L dls{g uO{ eflrG5 clg dfq ladf/L 8fS6/sxf" k'Ug] u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} @) b]lv #) jif{sf] pd]/df /x]sf x8\8L /f]uLdf Pp6f ;fwf/0f dGb xf8sf] SofG;/ Enchondrama x'g] u/]sf] 5 . of] Hofbf xft / v'§fsf] ;fgf] nfdf] x8\8Ldf b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . of] lj:tf/} a9\bf cf}"nf of x8\8L km'n]/ cfp"5 .

To:t} xf8hf]gL{df x'g] SofG;/ x8\8Lleqs} vt/gfs dflgG5 . o:tf SofG;/x¿ ;fwf/0fb]lv lnP/ 3fts;Dd x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . @) jif{b]lv $) jif{sf] pd]/df a9L x'g] of] 6\o'd/ Hofbf u/]/ 3'"8fsf] jl/k/Lsf] x8\8Ldf jf kfv'/fsf] x8\8Ldf b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . ;'¿df g} yfxf ePdf o;nfO{ zNo lrlsT;faf6 lgsfNg' /fd|f] x'G5 . o;/L 6\o'd/ Hofb} 7"nf] ePdf x8\8Lsf] ;fgf] efu k"/} sf6]/ kmfNg' /fd|f] dflgG5 . /, o;/L kmfn]sf] x8\8L gof" agfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .

3fts x8\8Lsf] SofG;/dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L Multiple Myeloma g} /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] 6\o'd/ hLpsf] Pp6} dfq c+udf geP/ ljleGg efudf b]vfkg{ ;S5 . $) jif{eGbf dflysf dflg;x¿df xf8 Hofb} b'Vg', sdhf]/ x'g' / rf]6 gnfuL xf8 ef"lrg' g} o;sf] nIf0f xf] . of] /f]udf x8\8Lsf] ljleGg efudf ;fgf]–;fgf] u/L xf8 lanfpg] x'G5 . o:tf] SofG;/df gof" x8\8L x'"b}g / x8\8L un]/ sdhf]/ eO{ x8\8L cfkm}+ ef"lrg] x'G5 . s'g} Pp6f c+udf dfq o:tf] 6\o'd/ /x]df To:tf] efu lemsL :6Lnsf] /8 /fvL zNolrlsT;f ul/g] ul/G5 . ljleGg 7fp"df km}lnPsf] ePdf /f]syfdsf nflu cf}iflw lbOG5, t/ o:tf la/fdLx¿ kf"r jif{leqdf dg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

Osteosarcoma csf]{ 3fts 6\o'd/ xf] . of] !% b]lv @% jif{sf] pd]/;Ddsf dflg;df b]vfkg{ ;S5 . of] klg w]/} vfnsf] x'g;S5 . s'g} Hofb} 3fts / gof" x8\8L aGg] t s'g}df x8\8L g} un]/ hfg] x'G5 . /utsf] dfWodaf6 of] SofG;/ hLpsf] c¿ efudf d'VotM kmf]S;f]df km}ng] u/]sf] 5 . of] hLpsf] s'g} klg xf8df x'g;S5 . t/ klg xfn;Dd eg] 3'"8fsf] jl/kl/sf] If]qdf g} a9L dfqfdf km}lnPsf] b]lvG5 .

of] SofG;/df x8\8L b'Vg], SofG;/ ePsf] xf8 / To;sf] jl/k/L ;'lGgP/ cfpg] / la/fdL l5§} l;ls:t x'g] nIf0fx¿ b]lvG5g\ . of] SofG;/ l5§} hLpsf] c¿ efudf km}lnPsf] 5÷5}g yfxf kfpg' cToGt h¿/L x'G5 . t/, h'g xf8df of] SofG;/ ;'¿ ePsf] 5 Tof] efu g} k"/f sf6]/ kmfNg] ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . of] afx]s cf}iflw pkrf/ Radiao theorapy klg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ klg o;df /f]uL % jif{eGbf a9L af"Rg] sd} x'G5g\ .

To:t} x8\8L kqkq eP/ km'6\g] SofG;/sf ladf/Lx¿ k|foMh;f] !) b]lv @) jif{;Ddsf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . of] Hofb} vt/gfs / km}ng] vfnsf] x'G5 . Radio therapy af6 pkrf/ ubf{ SofG;/ kUn]/ hfg] x'G5 . /fd|f] pkrf/ eP klg o:tf] ladf/L #) k|ltzteGbf sd dfq % jif{eGbf a9L af"Rg] u/]sf 5g\ .

km}lnPsf] xf8sf] SofG;/

x8\8Ldf x'g] SofG;/x¿dWo] cfkm}+ x8\8Laf6 g} ;'¿ x'g] SofG;/eGbf c¿ 7fp"sf] SofG;/af6 x8\8Ldf km}lng] SofG;/ a9L b]vfkg{] u/]sf] 8f= zfxsf] 5 . c¿ efueGbf /ut, kmf]S;f], :tgsf] SofG;/af6 x8\8Ldf km}lnG5 . To:t} d[uf}nf, k'¿ifu|GyLaf6 klg km}ng ;S5 .

t/, oL ljleGg k|sf/sf x8\8Lsf SofG;/sf] lbuf] pkrf/ eg] vf;} clxn];Dd x'g;s]sf] 5}g . t}klg /f]syfdsf nflu w]/}h;f] Metastasis bone tumor PS;–/] af6 klg lgbfg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . x8\8L uNg', sdhf]/ x'g' g} k|foMh;f] SofG;/sf nIf0f x'g\ . /utsf] hf"raf6, afof]K;Laf6 SofG;/ kQf nufpg ;lhnf] kb}{ cfPsf] 5 . w]/}h;f] km}+nbf]" xf8sf] SofG;/sf] pkrf/sf] Wo]o la/fdLsf] b'vfO sd ug]{ / x8\8L ef"lrPsf] 5 eg] o;nfO{ zNo lrlsT;fåf/f 7Ls kfg]{ xf] . zNo lrlsT;f afx]s o;sf] pkrf/ cf}iflwaf6 / PS;–/]af6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ul/g] PS;–/] cToGt} dx"uf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

$) jif{eGbfdflysf dflg;x¿df x8\8L lvOg] ;d:of cToGt} a9L dfqfdf b]vfkg{ yfn]sf] 5 . x8\8L lvOPsf ladf/Lx¿sf] k"0f{ ¿kdf vf;} pkrf/ eg] cem};Dd x'g;s]sf] 5}g . x8\8L lvOgaf6 aRgsf nflu zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug]{, SoflN;odo'Qm vfgf vfg] / hLpnfO{ cf/dbfoL ¿kdf /fVg], ahg 36fpg] / ux|f}+ ef/L af]Sg gx'g] 8f= zfxsf] ts{ 5 .

/fhZjsf] r'xfj6, c;'nLdf sdL

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

hgsk'/wfd . wg'iff / dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf ljleGg gfsfaf6 v'Nndv'Nnf ¿kdf t:s/L eO/x]sf] x'gfn] o; jif{ klg oL gfsfx¿af6 nIo cg'¿ksf] /fhZj ;+sng x'g wf}–wf} kg]{ ePsf] 5 . hn]Zj/ eG;f/af6 dfq} o; cfly{s jif{df ¿= # s/f]8 $# nfv /fhZj c;'n ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 . t/, ljut * dlxgfdf hDdf ¿= ! s/f]8 !) nfv /fhZj c;'n ePsf] 5 . hn]Zj/ eG;f/ of] jif{ dfq nIodf uPsf] xf]Og, ut cf=j / cf=j= )%&÷)%* df ;d]t o;n] nIo k"/f ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg .

hn]Zj/ eG;f/n] cfkm\gf] nIo xfl;n ug{ g;Sg'sf] sdhf]/L cf}Nofp"b} eG;f/ ;]jf dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf sfzL/fh pkfWofo eG5g\– ælhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf] lgis[otfn] eG;f/ /fhZjdf sdL cfPsf] xf] . To;dfly cfoft–lgof{tsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Jofkf/Lx¿sf] kx'"r dfly;Dd /fd|f] 5 . eG;f/ gltl/sg ;fdfg leq\ofpg / ;fdfgsf] k'g{d"Nof+sg u/L ;fdfg Nofp"bf klg /fhZj ;f]r] cg'¿k p7\b}g .Æ dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf ;lD;sgdf gfsfsf k|x/Lx¿n] t:s/L ug{ nufpg] u/]sf 5g\ . To;df dflyb]lv tn;Ddsf sfof{no k|d'vx¿sf] dlxgfjf/L af"lwPsf] x'G5 . clg To;sf lj/f]wdf s;n] lsg cfjfh p7fp"y] <

hn]Zj/ eG;f/nfO{ nIodf k'Ugaf6 /f]Sg] lgsfo k|x/L rf}sLx¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ . eG;f/ dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf pkfWofo eG5g\– æ:jR5 tl/sfaf6 k|1fkg kq e/]/ dfn;fdfg leq\ofpg] ;d"x jf ;+:yfsf] k|To]s uf8Ldf !% b]lv @) xhf/ Joo ef/ ylkg] u/]sf] x'gfn] Jofkf/Lx¿n] csf]{ gfsfaf6 dfn Nofpg yfn]sf 5g\ .Æ hn]Zj/ eG;f/;"u 6f"l;Psf] k|x/L rf}sLn] k|lt 6«s Ps xhf/ / hn]Zj/sf] csf]{ rf}sLn] kf"r ¿lkof" anhkm\lt lng] u/]sf] s'/f pgL lgw{Ss ;fy eG5g\ .

wg'iff / dxf]Q/Ldf @% hgf eG;f/ Ph]G6 /x]sf 5g\ . t/, dfn;fdfg ca}w ¿kdf leqg yfn]kl5 Ph]G6x¿sf] Joj;fo ;'Sg uPsf] 5 . /, sltko Ph]G6x¿ Joj;fo ug{]tkm{ nlDsPsf 5g\ . hgsk'/ eG;f/sf] klg ToxL xfnt 5 . To;n] klg nIo cg'¿k /fhZj c;'n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . hgsk'/ eG;f/n] o;jif{ ¿= # s/f]8 ^) nfv /fhZj c;'n ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . t/, cf7 dlxgfdf ¿= @ s/f]8 !% nfv /fhZj c;'n ug{ k'u]sf] 5 . wg'iffsf] h6xL, dlxgfyk'/ / Og/jf ahf/ eO{ cfpg] dfn;fdfg eG;f/ 5lnPsf] x'G5 eg] /]naf6 cfpg] y'k|} dfn;fdfg hgsk'/ /]Nj] :6]zgb]lv # ls=ld k"j{df emfg]{ sfd u/L /fhZj 5Ng] sfo{ x'"b} cfPsf] 5 .

;/sf/L d"No b/sf] rf}j/df sf7 lnnfd

lhNnf jg sfof{no af/f, l;d/fn] jg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL–@)%^ sf] cg';"lr–@ df pNn]lvt sf7 bfp/fsf] d"Nob/ eGbf rf/u'0ff tyf ut jif{sf] lnnfd 6]08/ d"Nob/sf] d"Nodf sf7 ljqmL u¥of] .

k|rlnt lgod adf]lhd ;fn, ;v'jf hftsf] sf7sf] k|lt So'kmL6 d"Nob/ ¿= @ ;o /x]sf] / ut jif{sf] lnnfd 6]G8/df ;f]sf] b/ d"No ¿ rf/ ;o krf;L ePsf] lyof] eg] lhNnf jg sfof{no af/f l;d/fsf] lhNnf jg clws[tsf] sfd sf/jfxLn] $# xhf/ *@% So'lkm6 ;fn hftsf] sf7sf] lnnfd 6]08/ d"No ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf bf]Aa/ d"No / ¿ ;ft ;o $* k|lt So'lkm6 lnnfd ;sf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . /f}gs ;–ldn lrtjgn] n6 g=+ &# sf] % ;o #% So'lkm6 ;fnsf] sf7 b/ ¿= &$* 6]08/ e/]/ 5gf}6 x'g' ePsf] 5 . eg] ;f] sf] lgs6k|ltåGwL pdf p8 P08 l;hlgª l;d/fn] ¿ rf/ ;o (( d"No b/ sfod u/]sf] 5gf}6 x'gaf6 al~rt x'g' eof] .

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] cfjZostf cg';f/ k|rlnt ahf/d"NonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflztt u/]/ d"Nob/df kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] lhNnf jg clws[t bLks pkfWofon] atfpg' eof] .

b[li6ljxLg cf/tf PjL;Lsf z/0fdf

nfxfg . j]jfl/z cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sL l;/xf lhNnf v/lsofxL–$ lgjf;L !* jlif{of lszf]/L cf/tL zdf{ 7fs'/ gf} dlxgfsf] ue{;lxt Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no, nxfgsf] cu\;/tfdf PjL;L g]kfn, lj/f6gu/ k'¥ofOPsL l5g\ . lj/f6gu/l:yt pQm ;+:yfdf s]xL ;do cufl8 ;Dds{ x'g k'u]sL cf/tLnfO{ ut a}zfv # ut] cfkm\gf] sfo{stf{x¿ dfkm{t P=jL=;L=n] pgsf] 3/df lhDdf nufPtfklg afa' cfdfn] 3/df /fVg gdfg]kl5 h;f]t;f] a; r9\b} /fhlj/fh k'u]sL cf/tLn] atfPsL lyOg\ .

cf/tLsf] cj:yfnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ nfxfg yfgfn] pkrf/sf] nflu kLl8tnfO{ nfxfg c:ktfn k7fp"bf nfjfl/zx¿sf] pkrf/ ubf{ w]/} ;d:ofx¿ cfOkg]{ egL lkmtf{ k7fOPkl5 ut a}zfv * ut] Ps dlxgf k|x/L ;fy nfufO{ k'g PjL;L g]kfn, lj/f6gu/ k7fOPsf] s'/f k|x/L lg/LIfs ;'bz{g yfkfn] atfPsf 5g\ .

$ jif{ cufl8 cf"vf ;DaGwL /f]usf sf/0f b[li6ljlxg x'g k'u]sL cf/tL cg';f/ x]6f}+8f lgjf;L 6«s rfns /fh' u'¿ªn] ut jif{ c;f/df cfkm";"u ljjfx u/]sf] t/ sl/a b'O{ dlxgfb]lv eg] lgh u'¿ª s'g} ;Dks{df cfPsf 5}gg\ .

kLl8t lszf]/Lsf egfO{ cg';f/ / zf/Ll/s cj:yf klg ljrf/ ubf{ gf} dlxgf hlQsf] ue{ /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsGYof] eg] pgsf xft uf]8fx¿ ;d]t ;'lGgPsf] lyof] . PjL;L g]kfn, lj/f6gu/ k'¥ofOPsf cf/tL ljz]if ;xof]u kfpg] cfzfdf dfOlt g]kfn gfds ;+¿yfdf hfg rfx]sL s'/f ;d]t v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .

ljdn 7fs'/ nxfgaf6

afO{; rf]/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] bfg

hgsk'/wfd . wg'iff lhNnfdf j[l4 x'"b} uPsf] rf]/L 8s}tLdf dfcf]jfbLsf] gfd hf]l8g yfn]kl5 cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] abgfd ug]{ @@ hgf 8fsfx¿nfO{ ;dftL dfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6Ln] Ifdfbfg lbPsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLn] ;dfPsf tL JolQmx¿df 8fsf lbg], eQfdf hfg], u'Ktr/L ug]{, rf]l/Psf] dfn;dfg /fVg lbg], ;'+u'/ rf]/L ug]{, ;fO{sn rf]/L ug]{ tyf rf}kfof a:t' -ufO{, uf]¿, e}";L, jfv|f h] kfP ToxL_ rf]/L ug]{x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] gfddf rf]/L ug]{x¿n] ef/tsf] laxf/ /fHodf kg]{ dw'jgL lhNnfsf dlgkl§ ufp"af6 Ps o'jtLnfO{ kmsfP/ /flv/x]sf /x]5g\ . pgLx¿n] ltgL;"u ;d"xs} s'g} Psn] lax] ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] klg e]p kfP .

wg'iffwfddf cfof]lht hg;efdf ;fj{hlgs ePsf rf]/–8fsfx¿df e'txL k6]jf{ uflj;sf u+uf/fd ofbj, ;x/;f ufp"sf dlxGb/ ofbj, ;tf];/sf ab|L ;bf, g/}lxofsf ;Ltf/fd kf;dfg, l7Nnf ufp"sf tlxa'n ldof", g/lxof ufp"s} /fdrGb| kf;dfg, xlb; gbfkm, hubLz ofbj, z+s/ ofbj, nf]rg ofbj, kf/f] b]jL / db}of b]jL 5g\ . kf/f] / db}ofn] lbp";f] dfUg] / ;f"emdf u'Ktr/Lsf] l/kf]{6 ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf] e]b v'Ng uPsf] 5 .

To:t{ dlgkl§ ufp"sf /fdk|sfz sfk8, a]txf ufp" l;/xf lhNnfsf hubLz ofbj, ;tf];/ ufp"sf /fdafa' ;fx, sfzLk'/sf ljs' ofbj, k'/g bfxf, ljN6' kl08t, lrsdf -l;/xf lhNnf_ sf ljz]Zj/ d'lvof, e"txLsf tk]Zj/ d08n / xl/ d08nnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ub}{ dfcf]jfbLn] hg;efaf6 Ifdfbfg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ;efdf sfzLk'/sf 8s}tn] rf]/L u/]afkt dfl;s # xhf/ /sd rf]sLsf] xjNbf/nfO{ 3"; lbg] ul/Psf] e]b vf]n] . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ef/t af;f]kl§sf dlh{g vft'gnfO{ pgnfO{ Nofpg] s]6f;"u ljjfx ug{ bjfj lbPsf lyP .

sdn ;fx

e'O{+d} a;]/ k9\5g\ ;'s'Daf;L afnaflnsfx¿

k/z' >]i7

w/fg . b'O{ sIff;Dd k9fO x'g] cgGt Hof]lt lzIff k|fylds ljBfnosf s]6fs]6Lx¿ e'O{+df a;]/ k9\g afWo 5g\ .

clwsf+z ;'s'Daf;Lsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] k9\g] of] :s'ndf 8]:s, a]~r / cGo kmlg{r/x¿sf] t s'/} gu/f}+, kfgL kbf{ cf]t nfUg] ultnf] 5fgf / xfjfx'/Laf6 ;'/Iff ug]{ leQf klg 5}g . hDdf rf/j6f sf]7f /x]sf] o; ljBfnosf] 5fgf af";sf] lrqfaf6 agfOPsf] 5 . To:t} jl/k/L af";s} lrqfn] afl/Psf] 5 . ;a} sf]7fdf 9f]sf 5}gg\ . ljBfnodf sfo{/t lzlIfsf sf}lznf /fO{ eGg'x'G5, ælrqfsf] a]/f ePsf sf/0f Pp6f sf]7fdf af]n]sf] csf]{ sf]7fdf klg k|i6} ;'Gg ;lsG5 . To;}n] sf]nfxndo jftfj/0fdf k9fpg' k/]sf] 5 .Æ o; afx]s kfgL 5]Sg] dha't 5fgfsf] cefj ePsf sf/0f 7"nf] kfgL k/]sf] a]nf e'O{+ g;'s'~h]nsf nflu ljBfnosf] k9fO g} /f]Sg'kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] u/]sf] pxf" atfpg'x'G5 .

w/fg gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# l:yt dfp06 dsfn' a:tLleq /x]sf] of] :s'nsf] :yfkgf ut ;fn j}zfvdf ePsf] xf] . oxf" dsfn'a:tLnufot o; cf;kf;sf ;u/dfyf 6f]n, hf]uL 6f]n, l/l6ª, onDa/, bfª\5f rf]s / ;f]lnªdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf ;'s'Daf;Lsf ($ hgf s]6fs]6Lx¿ k9\g cfp"5g\ . t/, cleefjsx¿df 5f]/f5f]/L k9fpg'k5{ eGg] r]tgf gePsf sf/0f sltkon] k9\g] pd]/ eO;s]sf cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ljBfnodf gk7fPsf] oxf"sf k|wfgfWofks czf]s kxf8L atfpg'x'G5 . ljBfnodf cfjZos Go"gtd ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿ ;d]tsf] cefj /x]sf sf/0f sltko cleefjsx¿n] cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ c¿ :s'ndf k9fpg] u/]sf] klg b]lvPsf] pxf" atfp"g'x'G5 .

cToGt bogLo cj:yfdf rln/x]sf] o; ljBfnosf] k|d'v cfo;|f]t eGg' g} ;'s'Daf;L a:tLdf /x]sf 3/x¿af6 k|lt dlxgf !% ¿k}of"sf b/n] rGbf :j¿k p7fOPsf] /sd /x]sf] atfpg'x'G5– ljBfnosf k|fwfgfWofks kxf8L . æToxL klg ;a}n] lbb}+gg\,Æ kxf8L eGg'x'G5 . rGbfafkt k|fKt /sdn] g} ljBfnodf xfn sfo{/t lzIfs / Ps lzlIfsfnfO{ tna tyf cGo d;nGb vr{x¿ h'6fOPsf] hfgsf/L pxf" lbg'x'G5 . s]xL ;dootf ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u ug{ s]xL JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿n] klg rf;f] b]vfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . k|wfgfWofks kxf8Lsf cg';f/ :yfgLo xl/k|;fb ;fDo]ª\vfd lnDa"n] ljBfnonfO{ kf"r hf]/ 8]:s–a]~r k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;Dos lzIff ;d"x w/fgdfkm{t\ Ps hfkfgL bftfn] ljBfnodf cWoog/t k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ PsPs j6f k|fOd/L c+u|]hL zAbsf]z pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . To:t} xfn cfP/ n'dGtL gfds Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf o'lg;]km / w/fg gu/kflnsfn] klg ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ cfZjf;g lbPsf 5g\ .

;dfhdf ;+3if{/t 5g\ cGt/hftLo lax] ug]{x¿

g]q v8\sf

>Lh'ª ufp" ljsf; ;ldlt -t]x|y'd_ j8f g+= % sf eLidk|;fb e§/fO{ ;f]xL uflj;sL a'w/fgL ;'Aaf;"u laxf u/]sf] lgx'"df ufp"af6 lgsfnf ePsf 5g\ . t]x|y'ds} kf}++7fs uflj; j8f g+= & sL /fds'df/L g]kfnLn] tdfª hfltsf] s]6f;"u laxf u/]sf]df cfkm\gf afa'sf] nf; 5'g / bfh'efO;"u} a;]/ h"7f] afg{ klg kfOgg\ .

¿l9jfbL k/Dk/f / cGwljZjf;df hsl8Psf]n] ;dfhn] o; lsl;dsf] cGt/hftLo ljjfx ug]{x¿nfO{ cem} krfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ufp"df eLidk|;fb, /fds'df/L, a'w/fgL / /fdaxfb'/ h:tf w]/} 5g\ . h;n] cGt/hftLo ljjfx u/]s} sf/0f 3/kl/jf/ / ;dfhnfO{ g} TofUg afWo x'g' k/]sf] 5 . t/, pgLx¿n] cfzf df/]sf 5}gg\ . …s'g} lbg k|]dsf] ljho x'g]5Ú egL k|]dsf] d"No ga'em\g] ;dfh / kl/jf/ Tofu]/ lx"8]sf ;fx;L o'jfx¿n] gof" 7fp"df cfkm" a:g] cfwf/ v8f u/]sf 5g\ . k"vf{sf] ;DklQsf] e/df x}g, cfkm\g} ;+o'Qm /ut–kl;gfsf] sdfOdf cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ kfn]sf 5g\ . eLdk|;fb e§/fO{n] cfkm\g} ufp"sL lnDa'gL s]6L;"u k|]d ljjfx u/]sf lyP . dlGb/df uP/ a'w/fgLnfO{ l;Gb"/ xfnL xf";Lv';L;"u 3/ cfPsf eLidnfO{ cfkm\gL ^% jifL{of cfdfn] 3/df lelqg lbOgg\ . pgn] 3/df af; t kfPgg\ g} cfkm\g} kl/jf/af6 dfg]{ wDsL;d]t cfPkl5 pgL ufp" 5f]8\g afWo eP . ufp"df ;a}n] pgnfO{ x]Kg], l5M l5M / b"/b"/ ug]{ u/]sfn] pgn] ufp"sf] g} dfof dfg'{ k¥of] . t/ pgL b'MvL ePgg\ . ;dfhdf Pslbg kl/jt{g cfpg] cfzf x'"bfx'"b} klg pgnfO{ :jfut ug{ tof/ 7"nf] ;+;f/lt/ pgL nlDsP . cfh bf}t/Lsf] bDklQeGbf pgsf] bDklQ ;'vL 5 clxn] .

t/, t]x|y'd lhNnfs} j;Gtk'/ uflj;–* sf s'naxfb'/ g]kfnLn] ;'j]bL y/sL Ps o'jtL;"u laxf u/]sf]df eg] ufp"sf lzlIftju{n] ;fdflhs alxisf/ ug{ lbPgg\ / pgLx¿n] ufp" lgsfnf x'g' k/]g . cGt/hftLo laxfs} sf/0f ufp"df g/fd|f] gk/f];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;dfh ;'wf/ c;n zf;g /]l8of] >f]tf Sna u7g u/]/ ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] sfo{qmd yflnPsf] 5 . pQm Snan] hftLotfsf] cfwf/df xf]Og e|i6 / rl/qxLgnfO{ r'nf]–rf}sf] alxisf/ u/f}+ eGg] gf/f;lxt ufp"df hg–r]tgf cleofg ;'¿ u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL ;DaGwdf Snasf cWoIf rGb| sfsL{ eGb5g\ – æufp"af6 5'jf5't k|yf x6fpg cleofg grfn];Dd ;dfhdf ;'wf/ cfpg ;Qm}g .Ú

;dfh ;'wf/ c;n zf;gsf csf{ JolQm dfgaxfb'/ ljs eG5g\– æPSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;+;f/ slt cufl8 al9;Sof], xfdL eg] 5'jf5'td} clNemPsf 5f}+ .Æ

Psb'O{ o:tf cfGbf]ngn] ;dfhnfO{ cem} kl/jt{g ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . blnt hfltsf s]6f of s]6L;"u laxf ubf{ dfq hft 36'jf x'g] jf ;dfhaf6 jlxisf/ x'g] xf]Og . afx'gn] If]qL s]6L;"u laxf u¥of] eg] klg To;af6 hlGdPsf] ;Gtfgsf] hft 36'jf x'g] rng ;dfhdf cem} ljBdfg 5 . wgs'6f lhNnfsf] rg'jf uflj;sf /d]z a'9fyf]sL cfheGbf @) jif{cl3 ;ls{gL s]6L;"u lax] u/]sf x'"bf ;dfhaf6 alxis[t eP/ pgn] cem} ckdflgt hLjg latfpg' kl//x]sf] 5 . ufp"af6 lgsfnf ePsf /d]z cs]{}+ ufp"df a;]/ klg ckdfg ;xL /x]sf 5g\, t/ pgLx¿ cfzfjfbL 5g\– gof" cfpg] k':tfx¿n] hfthflt x}g, lzIffbLIff, ¿k, ;Lk / /ut–kl;gfsf] sdfOdf ljZjf; ug]{ 5 . Toltv]/ hftLo cfwf/ ;f3'l/g] 5 / k|]dsf] cfwf/ km}lng] 5 . ToxL ;'vL eljiosf] sNkgf u/]/ ;dfhdf pleg] ;+3if{ ub}{5g\– cGt/hftLo lax] ug]{x¿ .

-;f}hGoM If]qLo ;~rf/ ;|f]t s]Gb|–lj/f6gu/_

n3' pBd Jofkf/ d]nfn] w]/}nfO{ ttfof], w]/}nfO{ grfof]

slj/fh g]kfn

kfNkf . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no kfNkf / pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 kfNkfsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf xfn} oxf" …n3' pwd Jofkf/ d]nf–@)^)Ú ;DkGg eof] .

ko{6sLo Pjd\ ;'Gb/ gu/L tfg;]gsf] cd/ gf/fo0f km"naf/Ldf a}zfv # b]lv * ut];Dd rn]sf] d]nfn] oxf"sf] ¿U0f pBf]ux¿nfO{ gof" k|]/0ff lb+b} pBdzLntf k|lt hfu¿s x'g / ko{6g k|jw{gdf ;d]t ;3fp k'¥ofPsf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .

jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf ;dod} d]nf ;+rfng ug]{,gug]{ eGg] låljwf cfof]hsx¿n] /fv]sf eP klg kl/l:ylt / ;a} If]qsf] ;xof]usf sf/0f d]nf ce"tk"j{ ¿kn] ;kmn ePsf] d]nf cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;+of]hs dw'bofn ;}+h'n] atfpg' eof] .

d]nfdf sl/a rfnL; xhf/ bz{sx¿n] cjnf]sg u/]sf] / sl/j rfnL; nfv j/fj/sf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] cfof]hsx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .

To;f] t kfNkf lhNnf cfkm}+df 9fsf / s¿jf sf nflu g]kfnd} k|l;4 5 . oxf" pTkflbt 9fsf / s¿jfn] g]kfndf dfq geP/ ljZj jhf/d} :yfg cf]u6]sf 5g\ . t/ k|rf/ k|;f/ ef/tLo 9fsfsf]
lgjf{w cfoftn] ubf{ pBf]uLx¿nfO{ ;d:of k/]sf] k'/fgf 9fsf pwf]uL u0f]zdfg dxh{gsf] egfO{ 5 .

To:t} gof" k':tfdf ;Lk x:tfGt/0f geP/ / sRrf kbfy{ tyf OGwgsf] ;d:ofn] ubf{ s'g} a]nf krf; sf]xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf s/jf pwf]ux¿ clxn] tLgj6fdf ;Lldt ePsf 5g\ .

To;}u/L, skmL, cb'jf, 8Nn] ;fj'g, sfi7snf / n3' pwdx¿n] ubf{ kfNkfsf] lrgf/L a9]sf] 5 . t/ klg jhf/sf] a9\bf] k|lt:kwf{sf sf/0f pBdLx¿ kfvf nfUg afWo 5g\ .

…d]nfn] ubf{ pwdLx¿df gof" hf]z / pd+u cfPsf] 5 pTkfbg u/] ahf/ klg vf]Hg ;lsbf] /x]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5Ú pwdL nId0f kGyLn] eg] .

/fd|f] 7fp"df 7"nf pwf]usf] kl/sNkgf ug{ g;lsP klg n3' pwdLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ d]nf ;kmn ePsf] ljrf/ cfof]hs 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no kfNkfsf clws[t g]q e§/fO{n] Jo:t ug'{eof] .

d]nfsf] pb\3f6g / ;dfkg b'j} cj;/df k|d'v cltyLsf ¿kdf pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf ljgf]baxfb'/ >]i7 pkl:yt x'g ePsf] lyof] . pxf"n] ;f] cj;/df b]zsf] ul/jL lgjf/0fdf o:tf d]nfn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ljrf/ /fVb} b]zsf cGo 7fp"df klg d]nfx¿ cfof]hgf ug]{ ;f]r agfPsf] atfpg' eof] .

d]nfdf pTs[i6 pwdLsf ¿kdf kfNkf ;]/fldS; pBf]u, dlxnf pwdLsf ¿kdf cuf{lgs skmL k|f]8S6\; / pTs[i6 :6n ;hfj6df kfNkf wft's'jf pBf]unfO{ 5gf}6 u/L cfof]hsn] k'/:sf/ lbPsf lyP . d]nf cjlwdf g]kfns} ;jeGbf 7"nf] %@ lsnf] tf}n ePsf] *) xhf/ d"No kg]{ s¿jf, g]jf/L / du/ kl/sf/ /flvPsf :6n / x:tsnfsf ;fdu|L agfpg] cDa/ u'¿ª / df]tLnfn /fO{sf] :6n cfsif{0fsf s]Gb| /x]sf lyP .

nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] hu]{gfdf gof" cfofd

d]nfn] nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] hu]{gf ug{df gof" cfofd yk]sf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . kfZrfTo ;+uLtsf] cfsif{0fdf e'Nb} /x]sf o'jf k':tfnfO{ d]nf cjlw e/ nf]s bf]x/L / nf]suLtdf e'nfO{ /fVg cfof]hs ;kmn ePsf lyP .

o; cjlwdf /fli6«o snfsf/x¿ sf]dn jnL, cd/ lj/xL u'¿ª, gf/fo0f /fodfemL, b'uf{ /fodfemL, k'¿iff]Qd Gof}kfg],k|hfklt k/fh'nL tyf dlxnf snfsf/ zflGt xf]6]n, Hof]tL u'¿ª, >[hgf yfkf cf8LnfO{ >f]tf÷ bz{s;"u cfof]hsx¿n] ;fIfftsf/ u/fP . To:t} cfw'lgs uLtsf x:tL /fds[i0f 9sfn / s'GtL df]QmfgnfO{ kfNkf NofP/ d]nfnfO{ dgf]/~hgk"0f{ agfP .

d]nf cjlwd} rf]nL /fd|f] kfNkfnL 9fsfsf]====eGg] uLt ufP/ kfNkfsf] kl/ro b]z ljb]zdf k'¥ofpg] s'GtL df]Qmfg,n /rgfsf/ a'4jL/ nfdfb / ;+uLt/sf/ zLnf axfb'/ df]QmfgnfO{ dfq geP/ gf/fo0f /fodfemL, cd/ lj/xL u'¿ª, k|hfklt k/fh'nL, k'¿iff]Qd Gof}kfg]nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]/ snfsf/sf] ;Ddfg x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cufl8 a9fOof] .

o; cj;/df kfNkfnL snfsf/ ab|L k+u]gL, s[i0f lh;L, cf8Ln][ klg k|;:t dgf]/~hg bz{sx¿÷ >f]tfx¿nfO{ lbnfP . pgLx¿sf] tfndf xf":b} gfRb} bz{sx¿ lbge/ gflr/x] .

k|bz{gL :yn geP/ cln ;f"u'/f] 7fp"df d]nf ul/Psf] eP klg kfNkfdf klxnf] k6s cfof]lht o; sfo{qmdsf] rrf{ k|;:t} ePsf] 5 . cfof]hsx¿n] o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmd eljiodf klg ub}{ hfg] hgfPsf 5g\ .

w/fgaf6 /fxbfgL ljt/0f gx'"bf hftLo ;+:yfx¿ cfGbf]lnt

k/z' >]i7

w/fg . Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no w/fgaf6 /fxbfgL ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{ :ylut ePkl5 w/fg gu/kflnsf nufot o;sf] cf;kf;sf If]qsf dflg;x¿ /fxbfgL lng ;b/d'sfd Og¿jf g} k'Ug'kg]{ jfWotf /lx cfPsf] 5 . o;af6 ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sx¿nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] 7x/ ub]{} hftLo ;+3 ;+:yfx¿n] ;+3if{ ;'¿ u/]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ .

hghflt dxf;+3 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, ;'g;/L / g]kfn z]if{ ;+3 ;'g;/Ln] w/fg, j/fxIf]q, kf"rsGof / lj00f'kfb'sfsf afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ :yfgLo lgsfoaf6} /fxbfgL kfpgaf6 al~rt ul/g] sfo{n] >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f gLltsf] lvNnL p8fPsf] atfp"b} o;sf]lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} :yfgLo af;Lx¿nfO{ k'gM w/fgaf6} /fxbfgL ljt/0f ul/g'kg]{ dfu pgLx¿n] ;+o'Qm kdf Ps k|]; lj1lKtdfkm{t /fv]sf 5g\ . o;}qmddf g]kfn hghflt dxf;+3 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ;'g;/Lsf ;b:o ;lrj s]=kL= kfn'Ëjfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf cGo hftLo ;+3 ;+:yx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿ ;lxtsf] Ps æ;d;of ;dfwfg PSzg sld6LÆ u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

o; cle w/fgaf6} /fxbfgL ljt/0f ug]{ ul/Psf]df @)%$ ;fndf tTsfnLg k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jL/]Gb|s'df/ l;+xsf] kfnfdf Og¿jfdf o;sf] :yfgfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{nosf Ps sd{rf/L gfd gvf]Ng] zt{df eG5g\– ætTsfnLg k|d'v b'uf{k|;fb kf]v/]n )%$ ;fndf ;¿jf eP/ cGt} uPkl5 / csf{ k|d'v kml0fGb|dl0f kf]v/]n cfpg' cl3sf] @ dlxgf k|lhc l;+xn] cfkm}+ w/fg cfO{ /fxbfgL ljt/0f u/]sf lyP .

o; ljifodf Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no w/fgsf k|d'v 8d¿k|;fb lg/f}nfn] eg] cfkn"nfO{ s]xL yfxf gePsf] atfpg'eof] . ;a} s'/f pt}af6 x'G5 . o; ljifodf xfdLnfO{ af]Ng] clwsf/ 5}g . pxf"sf] egfO{ lyof] .

klxnf] kfgf | ;Dkfblso | dgf]/~hg | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f | cg'ej÷cGtjftf{ |