sf7df08f}+, >fj0f @% @)^)

ljrf/÷ljZn]if0f

yfkf, k|r08, jfdb]j / ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng

b/af/df gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] rf/ d:of}bf tof/ 5 eGg] Jofks xNnf sflt{s @)%( b]lv g} /fhwfgLdf JofKt /x"b} cfPsf] 5 . b/afl/ofx¿ c;f]h !* b]lv g} ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] d[To' e};s]sf] eGb} cfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL kIf klg c;f]h !* sf] 3f]if0ffn] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] d[To' e};s]sf] eGb5g\ . clxn] cfP/ cd]l/sfaf6 kmls{Pkl5 jfdb]j uf}tdsf] ljrf/ klg æ;+ljwfg d[tk|fo cj:yfdf 5Æ x'gk'u]sf] 5 . o;/L /fli6«o /fhgLltdf b/af/, b/afl/of, dfcf]jfbL / jfdb]jx¿ Ps lzlj/df, gof“ ;+ljwfg jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] lsQfdf 5g\ . csf]{ lzlj/df kf“r ;+;bLo bnx¿ Pdfn], g]sf, d;fn, ;b\efjgf / g]dlskf 5g\ . h'g ls zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngåf/f lj/f6 hgbafasf] ;[hgf u/]/ /fhfnfO{ wf/f !@& sf] k|of]u ug{ nufO{ k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yfkgfsf] dfkm{t\ ;+ljwfg, @)$& nfO{ lqmofzLn kfb}{ To;df cfjZos ;+zf]wgx¿ ug{ rfxG5g\ .

/fhfn] c;f]h !* sf] 3f]if0ffdf /fhsLo ;Qf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf cfkm"df cGt/lglxt /x"b} cfPsf] 3f]if0ff u/] tfklg ;fj{ef}d;Qf b/af/df x:tfGtl/t ePsf] 5}g . t;y{ /fhfdf gof“ ;+ljwfg lbg] jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ 5}g . To;}u/L s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{df of] clwsf/ 5}g . of] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efdf klg 5}g . lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efn] klg To;df ;+zf]wgx¿ dfq} ug{;S5 . /fhfaf6 gof“ ;+ljwfg lbg] jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg'k5{ eGg] dfu ug'{sf] Psdfq cy{ /fhfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo ;Qf lkmtf{ ug'{ x'G5 . t;y{ b/afl/of, dfcf]jfbL / jfdb]jx¿n] gof“ ;+ljwfg jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu ug'{sf] Psdfq cy{ /fhfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf cGt/lglxt lg/+s'z clwsf/ lbg' xf] . cyf{t\ /fhfnfO{ lg/+s'z agfpg] leqL rfxgf x'g;S5 . clxn] /fhfdf k|wfgdGqLx¿ lgo'Qm ug]{ jf x6fpg], /fhsLo ;Qf lbg] jf cWofb]zx¿ hf/L ug]{, gof“ ljwfg lbg] jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ g} 5}g . /fhf, g]sf, Pdfn] jf jfdb]j uf}td jf Pdfn]nfO{ ;+ljwfg, @)$& dl/;s]sf] 5 eGg] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ klg 5}g . ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] d[To' eof] eGg] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ klg s;}df 5}g .

b/afl/of, dfcf]jfbL / jfdb]j uf}tdx¿n] s] a'em\g rfx]sf 5}gg\ eg] c;f]h !* n] g t ;+ljwfg, @)$& ;fnnfO{ emf/]sf] 5 g t ;fj{ef}d;Qf /fhfdf x:tfGtl/t u/]sf] 5 . Tof] 3f]if0ff k"0f{ c;+j}wflgs 5 . t;y{ clxn] klg hgtfdf g} Tof] ;fj{ef}d;Qf lglxt 5 / To;sf] k|ltlglwTj k|ltlglw;efsf] a}7s ^ dlxgf;Dd ga;]sf] cj:yfdf lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efdf /x]sf ;+;bLo bnx¿ / /fli6«o ;efn] ub{5g\ . ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf hg–;fj{ef}d;Qf jf ;Dk|e'tf ;+;b\df lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿ / tL k|ltlglwx¿sf ;+;bLo /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿df cGt/lglxt x'G5 . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ ;+;b\df ax'dt k|fKt /fhgLlts kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] g]tf / k|wfgdGqLnfO{ r'Gg / tL ax'dt ;f+;b\x¿n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] ljw]os sfg'gdf ablng] ub{5 .

;+ljwfg lgdf{tfx¿dWo] ;ftsf] ljrf/df– æ^ dlxgfleq k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g] cfwf/df dfq} ;jf]{Rr Gofofnon] k|ltlglw;ef / lj3l6t ug]{ lg0f{onfO{ ;+j}wflgs eg]sf] xf] . t;y{ ^ dlxgfleq k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg gePsf]n] lj3l6t k|ltlglw;ef cfkm}+ lqmofzLn x'g'k5{ .Æ jfdb]jx¿n] pQm k|ltj]bgsf] cWoog lsg gu/]sf] xf]nf < dgf]gLt k|wfgdGqL yfkf, k"j{ u[xdGqL uf}td / k|r08 cu|udgsf] lglDt jftf{df cfpg kf“r ;+;bLo bnx¿sf] df]rf{nfO{ cfpg cfx\jfg ub{5g\ . t/, oL tLg} bn ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo ;Qfaf/] df}g 5g\, lsg < oL tLg} kIf zfxL 3f]if0ff c;f]h !* df /fhsLo ;Qfaf/] ul/Psf] bfaLaf/] df}g 5g\ . /fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf gePsf] c;+j}wflgs yfkf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] x}l;ot ;a}eGbf klxn] k|i6 ul/g'k5{ . k|r08x¿ / yfkfx¿n] /fhfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf lglxt /x"b} cfPsf] :jLsf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 . t/, jfdb]j uf}tdx¿sf] of] af/]df s] egfO 5 < jfdb]j uf}td, hgwf/0ff, ;fpg @@ df eGg'x'G5, æk|ltlglw;ef dfq} ePsf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ g;lsg] / r'gfj x'g g;Sg] 5 .Æ t/, pxf“n] hfgfhfg s] la;{g rfxg'ePsf] 5 eg] kf“r ;+;bLo kf6L{x¿n] æwf/f !@& sf]cGtu{t k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf / ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] u7gkl5 dfq ;+ljwfgdf ;+zf]wg / cfd lgjf{rg u/fpg]Æ lg0f{o u/]sf 5g\ . jfdb]j uf}tdn] hgwf/0ffsf] dfkm{t\ b/afl/ofx¿ / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ts{x¿sf] ;dy{g ug'{ rfvnfUbf] 5 . pgsf] dfu 5, æhgtfnfO{ km]l/ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg t'Nofpg gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .Æ t/, pxf“ gof“ ;+ljwfg /fhfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg ePsf] dfg]/ lng rfxg'x'G5 jf tdfd u[xo'4df ljhoL eP/ ;+ljwfgsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] ;+3if{ lj/f]w ug]{x¿n] /fhtGqsf] cGTodf s'/f ug'{df s'g} cfZro{ 5}g . lsgeg] g]kfndf cfd blIf0fkGyL, lj36gjfb, r/djfdkGyL gf/fx¿sf] dfkm{t\ cleJoQm x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . rfn" hgcfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ¿kdf gnfUg]x¿ g} clxn] ;a}eGbf a9L rsf]{ s'/f ub{5g\ .

clxn] b/afl/of / dfcf]jfbL kmf“6sf kqklqsfx¿, kqsf/ / :tDesf/x¿n] k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ;'¿ ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;du| lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ . oxL k+lQmdf jfdb]j uf}tdx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ k'¥ofpg' a'em\g g;lsg] s'/f ePsf] 5 . pxf“ klg /fhfn] vf]:g nfu]sf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] qm"/td\ xTof / c+ue+unfO{ :jefljs dfGg k'Ug'ePsf] h:tf] 5 .

jfdb]j uf}tdn] Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}" dxflwj]zgsf] lgjf{rgdf k/flht pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] of]Uotf / Ifdtfcg';f/ kb glbPsf] rrf{nfO{ km]l/ p7fpg'ePsf] 5 . t/ o:tf] k/flht JolQmx¿ s'g}n] klg cfkm\gf] xs, bfaL, of]Uotf / Ifdtfaf/] dfu u/]sf] yfxf 5}g . s] uf}td ;a} k/flht JolQmx¿nfO{ :yfoL sld6Ldf lng'kg]{ dfu t ub}{ x'g'x'Gg < uf}tdn] s] la;{g'ePsf] 5 eg] pxf“n] s'g k/flht JolQmx¿sf] lglDt pQm cfjfh p7fpg'ePsf] 5 < ltgLx¿dWo] w]/}h;f]n] rfn" ;+3if{df gfd dfqsf] ;xeflutf b]vfPsf 5g\ . :jo+ uf}td–cf]nLx¿ g} sf7df8f}"df /x"bf klg h'n';x¿, cfd;efx¿ / cgzgx¿df gu0okN6 pkl:yt ePsf 5g\ .

Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] kf6L{ ljwfgdf …;fDojfbÚ zAb 5'6]sf] eg]/ ;RofP tfklg uf}td To;nfO{ …of]hgfa4 ljrngÚ eGg'x'G5 . t/, d]/f] lglDt :6flngjfbL ;dfhjfb–;fDojfbsf] ktgkl5 tyf d'gfkmf, ahf/, d'b|f, j:t' / ldl>t cy{Joj:yf g]kfndf slDtdf *)÷() jif{;Dd rflxg] ePsf]n] clxn] ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfb eGg] zAbx¿ / ltgsf] JofVofsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g .

jfdb]j uf}tdn] Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}" clwj]zg / To;kl5 a;]sf s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf lg0f{ox¿sf] ;fj{hlgs pNn+3g / lj/f]w u/]sf]n] dfq of] ;fj{hlgs nf]e b]Vg'k/]sf] xf] . cfzf ub{5', pxf“n] o;sf] k|ltpQ/ lbg'x'g]5 . t/, pxf“nfO{ yfxf x'g'k5{, rfn" hgcfGbf]ng cfkm\gf] nIo k|fKt gu/L /f]lsg] 5}g 

e'6fgL z/0ffyL{, g]kfnL gful/stf / ;+j}wflgs j}wtf

6Lsf/fd e§/fO{, clwjQmf

;g\ !(*( b]lv ef/tLo e"ld x'"b} g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿ xfn;Dd :jb]z kms{g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/L cf“s8fcg';f/ ! nfv @ xhf/ z/0ffyL{x¿ eP tfklg jflif{s @=% k|ltztsf b/n] hg;+Vofsf] j[l4 x'g] ePsfn] of] ;+Vof ! nfv !) xhf/eGbf dfly /x]sf] e'6fgL dfldnf x]l//x]sf u}/;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx¿n] hgfPsf 5g\ . xfn;Dd !$ cf}" r/0fsf] dGqL:t/Lo jftf{ ;DkGg e};Sbf klg z/0ffyL{x¿sf] :jb]z lkmtf{ e/;s x'g} g;Sg] / eOxfn] klg @% k|ltzteGbf a9L :jb]z kms{g gkfpg] nueu kSsfkSsL ePsf] 5 . xfn;fn} k|sflzt emfkf v'b'gfjf/L lzlj/sf e'6fgLx¿sf] juL{s/0f glthfsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ &% k|ltzteGbf a9L z/0ffyL{x¿ cfkm\gf] b]z kms{g g;Sg] cj:yf b]lvG5 . ;g\ !((# df k//fi6« dGqfno ;d]t x]g]{ tTsfnLg u[xdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] pkl:ylt, tTsfnLg ef/tsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t rqmk|;fb af:tf]nfn] g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ eO{ ;DkGg ePsf] låkIfLo ;xdltcg';f/ z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ lgDg rf/ ju{df ljefhg ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .

!_ ha/h:tL lj:yflkt ul/Psf jf:tljs e'6fgLx¿,

@_ a;fO" ;/L cfPsf e'6fgLx¿,

#_ u}/e'6fgLx¿,

$_ ck/flws lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg e'6fgLx¿ .

pk/f]Qm juL{s/0fsf cfwf/df xfn;Dd emfkf v'b'gfjf/Lsf z/0ffyL{x¿sf] juL{s/0f / To;sf] glthf;d]t k|sflzt e};s]sf] 5 . ut dlxgf tTsfnLg k//fi6« dGqL g/]Gb|ljqmd zfxsf] pkl:yltdf k//fi6« ;lrj:t/Lo ;xdltcg';f/ bf];|f] ju{df kg]{ cyf{t\ a;fO" ;/L cfPsf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿dWo] e'6fg kms{g grfxg] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . pQm ;xdltsf] ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL x}l;ot tyf To;n] kfg{;Sg] k|efjsf] ljifodf dfq of] sfo{kq s]lGb|t /xg]5 .

pQm ;+o'Qm ;dembf/LnfO{ xfn;Dd >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf hg;dIf gNofPsf] eP tfklg kqklqsfx¿n] To; ljifodf kof{Kt ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf 5g\ . pQm ;xdltnfO{ oxf“ h:tfsf] t:t} k|:t't ug{ rfxG5'–

"Likewise, people under this category, (Bhutanese who emigrated), who do not wish to return to Bhutan, will be given the option to apply for Nepalese Citizenship in accordance with the laws of the Kingdom of Nepal."

ljb]zLx¿n] g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ cj;/

dfly p4[[t lg0f{osf] cfwf/df e'6fg kms{g grfxg] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ul/g]5 . of] lg0f{odf g]kfnsf] gful/stf dfq elgPsf] x'"bf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& cg';f/ gful/stfsf] k|flKtsf nflu :jb]zL / ljb]zLnfO{ 5'§f5'§} k|lqmof / dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . t/, pk/f]Qm lg0f{odf s'g k|s[ltsf] gful/stfsf] nflu cfj]bg ug{ lbOg] xf], ;f] v'nfOPsf] 5}g . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f ( sf] pkwf/f $ cg';f/ lgDg adf]lhdsf ;a} cfwf/x¿ k"/f u/]sf ljb]zLx¿n] g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug{;Sg] 5g\ .

s_ g]kfndf s'g} Joj;fo u/L a;]sf] x'g}kg]{,

v_ cGo /fHosf] gful/stf Tofu]sf] x'g'kg]{,

u_ slDtdf !% jif{ g]kfndf a;]s} x'g'kg]{,

3_ /fi6«efiff g]kfnL n]Vg / af]Ng hfg]sf] x'g'kg]{ .

dflysf ;a} cfwf/x¿ k"/f u/]sf] ljb]zLn] gful/stf lgodfjnL, @)$( adf]lhd cfkm" a;f]af; u/]sf] :yfgLo lgsfodfkm{t\ lgj]bg lbg;Sg] / pQm lgj]bg k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/dfkm{t\ >L % sf] ;/sf/ u[x dGqfno k'u]kl5 >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] :jljj]sdf s'g} klg ljb]zLn] g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .

c·Ls[t gful/stfsf] cjwf/0ff

cËLs[t gful/stf cjwf/0ff ;DalGwt b]zdf vf; Joj;fo u/L a;]sf] cfwf/df ljb]zLnfO{ p;n] ;DalGwt b]z ljsf;df of]ubfg u/]afkt lbOg] gful/stf xf] . s'g} vf; b]zdf vf; Joj;fo u/L a;]sf] Tof] b]zsf] pGglt / k|ultsf] nflu ;DalGwt gful/ssf] ;]jf clgjfo{ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt JolQmsf] cfjZostf xf]Og ls b]zsf] cfjZostfsf nflu dfq cËLs[t gful/stf lbOG5 . cd]l/sf, a]nfot, hfkfg, rLg / ef/tnufot clwsf+z d'n'sdf of] Joj:yf kfOG5 t/ clt ljlzi6 cj:yf / /fi6«nfO{ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] cfjZostf ePsf] cfwf/df dfq JolQmnfO{ o:tf] gful/stf lbOG5 . dfgfy{ gful/stf / cËLs[t gful/stfdf km/s olt dfq 5 ls dfgfy{ gful/stf :yfoL a;f]af;sf] cfwf/df xf]Og hf];'s}nfO{ lbg ;lsG5 t/ ;f]xL dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf ljb]zL gful/sn] hf] :jb]zdf vf; cjlw;Dd a;]sf 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ cËLs[t gful/stf lbOG5 . g]kfn gful/stf P]g, @)@) n] klg oxL cjwf/0ffnfO{ cnjDag u/L P]gsf] bkmf %-%_ n] ;+j}wflgs dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf ljb]zLx¿dWo] lj1fg, bz{gzf:q, snf, ;flxTo, ljZjzflGt, dfgjsNof0f jf g]kfnsf] pBf]uwGbf jf cfly{s pGgltdf ljz]if of]ubfg ePsf ljb]zLx¿nfO{ cËLs[t gful/stf lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿ oL s'g} klg dfkb08df gkg]{ ePsf]n] pgLx¿n] cËLs[t gful/stf;Dd klg k|fKt ug{;Sg] cj:yf g} 5}g .

sfg'gsf] plrt k|lqmofsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !@^ sf] pkwf/f ! adf]lhd ag]sf] g]kfn ;lGw P]gsf] bkmf @ -s_ df pNn]lvt kl/efiff / afns[i0f Gof}kfg]lj¿4 hn;|f]t dGqfno;d]t 6gsk'/ ;lGw ljjfb;DaGwL d'2fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg'gL l;4fGt adf]lhd e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿sf] juL{s/0f / ut dlxgf ePsf] ljjfbf:kb ;xdlt klg ;lGwsf] kl/efiffleq kg]{ ePsf]n] of] ;lGwn] ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] k|lqmof cIf/zM kfngf ug'{ clgjfo{ 5 . P]gsf] bkmf ^ n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@^ -@_ cfslif{t x'g] cj:yf afx]ssf ;lGwx¿ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lg0f{oåf/f :jLs[t x'g;S5g\ t/ ;f] P]gsf] bkmf !) adf]lhd To:tf ;lGwx¿ ;lGwkZrft\ a;]sf] k|ltlglw;efdf ! dlxgfleq k]z ug'{kg]{ clgjfo{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t/, e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ $ ju{df ljefhg ug]{ ;g\ !((# sf] ;lGw / ut dlxgf ePsf] ljjfbf:kb ;lGw xfn;Dd k|ltlg;wf;efdf k]z g} gePsf]n] tL ;lGwx¿ tTsfn sfof{Gjog x'g ;Sb}gg\ / To;dWo] klg juL{s/0f ug]{ ;g\ !((# sf] ;lGw ( jif{;Dd k|ltlglw;efdf k]z gePsf]n] sfg'gsf] plrt k|lqmof gk'u]sf] ;lGwsf] cfwf/df ePsf] juL{s/0f cg'lrt dfq geP/ c;+j}wflgs / u}/sfg'gL ePsf]n] pQm juL{s/0f dfGg'kg]{ afWotf ;dfKt ePsf] 5 .

;/sf/L ckf/blz{tf

kf/blz{tf ;'–zf;gsf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ tTj xf], To;df klg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !^ n] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;"rgfsf] xs ;d]t df}lns xssf] ¿kdf k|fKt 5 . t/, ;/sf/n] ;g\ !((# sf] juL{s/0f;DaGwL ;lGw / ut dlxgf u/]sf] pQm ljjfbf:kb ;lGw xfn;Dd /fhkqdf k|sfzg u/]sf] 5}g . ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf !@ n] ;lGw k|sfzg ug'{kg]{ bfloTj >L % sf] ;/sf/df lglxt 5 . cfufdL cu:6 dlxgfdf x'g] !% cf}" r/0fsf] dGqL:t/Lo g]kfn–e'6fg a}7sdf e'6fg kms{g grfxg] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] kmd{ e/fpg] ;xdlt ;d]t e};s]sf] tYo e'6fgL ljb]zdGqLn] Toxf“sf] ;+;b\df lbPsf] jQmJoaf6 dfq g]kfnL hgtfn] yfxf kfP . t/, o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ xfn;Dd df}g 5 . of] sfo{kq tof/ ug]{ qmddf ePsf] cgf}krfl/s 5nkmndf k//fi6« dGqfnosf Ps clwsf/Ln] pQm ;xdlt ePsf] :jLsf/ u/] tfklg cflwsfl/stf lbg rfx]gg\ . of] tYoaf6 klg cfufdL ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfb]lv e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|flKtsf] k|lqmofdf ;fd]n x'g] lgwf] e};s]sf] k|i6 x'G5 . t/, o;;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL k|lqmof k"/f e} g;s]sf] dfly g} pNn]v e};s]sf] 5 .

/fli6«otf / k//fi6« ;DaGwdf kg]{ c;/

gful/stfnfO{ Individual relationship to the state elgG5 . cyf{t\ gful/s x'g' eg]sf] Tof] b]zsf] sfg'g adf]lhd ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts cflb clwsf/ kfPsf] / lglZrt st{Jo ePsf] /fhgLlts ;dfhsf] ;b:o x'g' xf] . o;sf] ;Lwf ;DaGw ;fj{ef}lds clwsf/;“u /xG5 .

g]kfndf ! nfv !) xhf/ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf cltl/Qm ;g\ !(%( b]lv g]kfndf a;f]af; u/]sf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿sf] ;+Vof xfn @) xhf/ k'u]sf] UNHCR sf] ;g\ !((* sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ckmuflg:yfg, O/fs, kfls:tfg / jdf{sf xhf/f}" gful/sx¿ klg g]kfndf z/0ffyL{ ;/x a;f]af; u/]sf 5g\ .

s'g} vf; b]zsf gful/snfO{ gful/stf lbg] lg0f{o ug]{ lalQs} ;f]xL dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf] cGo b]zsf gful/sx¿n] gful/stfsf] dfu ug'{ :jefljs x'g]5 . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f @^ sf] pkwf/f !% / !^ adf]lhd …c;+nUgtf, kGrlznsf] l;4fGt ;a} d'n's;“u ;dfg ;DaGw g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLltsf] cfwf/ x'g]Ú s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . /fHosf] of] gLlt adf]lhd e'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf lbPsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL cj:yfsf cGo ljb]zLx¿nfO{ klg gful/stf lbg'kg]{ bafa g]kfndfly kg]{5 . o:tf] bafa :jLsf/ gubf{ xfd|f] k/Dk/fut k//fi6« ;DaGwsf] cfwf/ ;dfKt x'g]5 .

e'6fgsf] eGbf ef/tsf] lxt

e'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf lbg] lg0f{o ePdf ;g\ !(%) sf] zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGwsf] cfwf/df a;f]af; ul//x]sf nfvf+}nfv ef/tLo gful/sx¿ cËLs[t gful/stfsf :jtM bfj]bf/ x'g]5g\ . k6s–k6s lr;f] kg cfpg] g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwdf ef/tsf nflu g]kfn;“u afu]{lgª ug]{ of] Pp6f ultnf] xltof/ x'g]5 . ef/tn] g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ ef/tLo gful/sx¿nfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf lbg'kg]{ ts{ cl3 ;f/]sf] v08df g]kfnn] c:jLsf/ ug]{ tfls{s cfwf/ x'g]5}g . of] k|lqmof lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9]sf] v08df ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿n] ;d]t gful/stfsf] dfu ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To;kl5 g]kfn ;+;f/s} z/0ffyL{x¿sf] cf>o:yn aGg ;Sg]5 . To;n] g]kfnsf :yfoL afl;Gbfx¿ cNkdtdf / ljb]zLx¿ ax'dt kg]{5g\ . ha :jb]zdf :jb]zLx¿eGbf a9L ljb]zLx¿ x'g]5g\ To;kl5 g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf dfq x}g cl:tTj g} vt/fdf kg]{5 . of] 8/nfUbf] kl/0ffdsf nflu g]kfn tof/ ePs} xf] t < cfhsf] ldlt;Dd e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ :jb]z kmsf{pg] jf gkmsf{pg] eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmb]lxtf e'6fg;“u /x]sf] 5 / cGt/f{li6«o bafasf] ;fdgf ug{ g]kfnn] ;Sg] 5}g . kl/0ffdtM e'6fgLx¿ ;bfsf nflu g]kfn a:g]5g\ . ef/t / e'6fgsf] ;+o'Qm k|of; / pgLx¿s} of]hgf adf]lhd ag]sf] of] if8\oGqleq g]kfn olt ;lhn};“u km";]sf] 5 ls ca bl/nf], ;zQm, tfls{s ts{ / /fli6«o ;xdlt tyf Pstfljgf of] if8\oGqaf6 g]kfn plDsg d'lZsn b]lvG5 .

e'6fgL gful/stf, sfg'g / z/0ffyL{x¿sf] eljio

;DkGg b'O{kIfLo ;Demf}tf adf]lhd s]jn ha/h:tL v]lbPsf e'6fgLx¿ dfq e'6fg kms{g kfpg] 5g\ . Pp6f lzlj/sf] glthfsf] cfwf/df o;/L kms{g;Sg] e'6fgLsf] ;+Vof @% k|ltzteGbf dfly gx'g] k|foM lglZrt 5 . u}/e'6fgL ju{df k/]sf e'6fgLx¿ / ck/flws lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg e'6fgL tyf e'6fg kms{g grfxg] e'6fgLnfO{ g]kfnn] g} /fVg'kg]{ afWotf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . csf]{tkm{ a;fO" ;/L cfPsf] juL{s/0fdf k/]sf e'6fgLx¿n] klg k'gM e'6fgL gful/stf kfpg] ;Defjgf eg] Go"g 5 . lsgls e'6fgn] of] ;d:of ;'¿ ePkl5 z/0ffyL{ lkmtf{ gnfg] dg;fon] cfkm\gf] gul/stf P]gdf Jofks ;+zf]wg ul/;s]sf] 5 . The Bhutan Citizenship Act 1985 df kl5Nnf] k6s ePsf] ;+zf]wgn] Ps jif{eGbf a9L e'6fg 5f8]sf gful/sx¿sf] gful/stf :jtM /2 x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 eg] e'6fgL gful/stf P]gsf] bkmf ^-%_ n] e'6fgL gful/stf /2 ePsf JolQmx¿sf] rn–crn ;DklQ gful/stf /2 ePsf] ldltn] ! jif{kl5 :jtM ;dfKt ePsf] dflgg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf ^-$_ n] e'6fgL gful/ssf 5f]/f5f]/L h;n] ;/sf/sf] cg'dltljgf b]z 5f]8]sf 5g\ To:tf JolQmx¿n] e'6fgL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . e'6fgL gful/stf P]gsf] of] Joj:yf cg'¿k e'6fgn] cfkm\gf] gful/stf P]gdf ;+zf]wg gu/]sf] cj:yfdf e'6fg kms{g] juL{s/0f cyf{t\ …sÚ ju{df k/]sf e'6fgLx¿ klg e'6fg kms{g ;Sg] 5}gg\ . lsgls pgLx¿sf] j}wflgs l:ylt / ;fljssf] ;DklQsf] s'g} ;'/Iff x'g] 5}g .

of] ;+of]u dfq xf]nf <

)%( c;f]h !* ut] hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ ckb:y u/L /fhfsf] :jljj]sdf ag]sf] ;/sf/n] u/]sf] of] kl5Nnf] /fi6«3ftL lg0f{on] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf / k//fi6« ;DaGw b'j}df Ps}rf]l6 k|xf/ u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] b/afl/of zlQmnfO{ /fi6«jfbL zlQm dfGg]x¿sf nflu ;d]t of] ljifon] lgwf/ v'DRofpg afWo agfPsf] 5 . oyfy{df b/afl/of /fi6«jfb eg]sf] /fi6«jfb geP/ d08n] /fi6«jfb cyf{t\ ;Qf :jfy{sf] /fi6«jfb xf] eGg] ljZn]if0fnfO{ of] kl5Nnf] ;lGwn] k'li6 ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . Oltxf;sf] kfgf kN6fpg] xf] eg] ;g\ !(%) sf] c;dfg ;lGw, ;g\ !(^% sf] xftxltof/;DaGwL ;lGw, sf]zL af“w;DaGwL ;Demf}tf, u08s ;Demf}tf, dxfsfnLdf ef/tLo ;]gf /fVg lbg] ;Demf}tfh:tf c;dfg / ckdfgk"0f{ ;Demf}tfx¿ ;DkGg x'"bf /fhfs} k|ToIf zf;g ;+rflnt ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}sf] kl5Nnf] z[+ª\vnfsf] ¿kdf clxn] dxnL;fu/ af“wsf] lgdf{0f / ;f] ;lGw ePsf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]udf /]s8{ ePsf] hgdtsf] cfwf/df *) k|ltzteGbf a9L hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;j{;Ddt ¿kdf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] JolQmsf] ;§fdf cfkm\gf] :jljj]sdf k|wfgdGqLsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ ljb]zLsf] Ozf/fdf lgo'Qm ul/Psf] eGg] Jofks hgu'gf;f ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 7Ls cufl8 of] c;dfg / ckdfgk"0f{ ;lGw x'g'n] of] ;+of]u dfq lyof] eGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . olb ;+of]u dfq xf]Og eg] ca b/af/sf] /fi6«jfb klg d08n] /fi6«jfb xf] eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . ;fdfGo ;lrj jf ;x;lrjsf] ;¿jf, lgo'lQm jf a9'jf ubf{ ;d]t x:tIf]k ug]{ b/af/n] oqf] ljifodf rf;f] / ;/f]sf/ /fv]g jf b/af/sf] lgb]{zgljgf of] ;lGw eof] eg]/ cg'dfg ug{ g;lsg] x'gfn] of] ;lGw ubf{ n]gb]gs} cfwf/df ePsf] 5 eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 / n]gb]gsf] ljifo eljiodf v'Nb} hfnf .

lgisif{

!_ ;g\ !((# df ePsf] z/0ffyL{ juL{s/0f ug]{ ;lGw, ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] !) adf]lhd xfn;Dd k|ltlglw;efdf k]z gePsf] / /fhkqdf klg k|sflzt gePsf] / of] juL{s/0f cg'lrt, c;dfg, ckdfghgs / u}/sfg'gL ;d]t ePsf]n] juL{s/0f;DaGwL pQm ;lGw ca g]kfnn] dflg/xg'kg]{ afWotf 5}g .

@_ ut dlxgf ;DkGg ;lGwadf]lhd e'6fgLx¿n] g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f (-$_, ;lGw P]g, @)$&, g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f @^ n] lgb]{z u/]sf] k//fi6« ;DaGwsf] cfwf/ / cËLs[t gful/stfsf] dfGotfljk/Lt ePsf] / sfo{ljlwut q'l6 ;d]t /x]sf] tyf xfn hglgjf{lrt ;+;b\ lqmofzLn g/x]sf]n] pQm ;lGw oyfcj:yfdf sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] cfufdL ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfdf x'g] !% cf}" r/0fsf] dGqL:t/Lo a}7skZrft\ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] kmd{ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] uf]Ko ;xdltcg';f/sf] sfo{ tTsfn /f]lsg'k5{ .

#_ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;DaGwdf g]kfn / e'6fgsf aLrdf ePsf ;a} ;lGw, ;Demf}tf / ;xdlt tyf lg0f{ox¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/n] hgcledt a'em\gsf] nflu tTsfn} Ps Zj]tkq hf/L ug'{k5{ .

$_ /fi6«, /fli6«otf / ;fj{ef}ldstfdf cf“r k'Ug] u/L o; ;DaGwdf ePsf ljutsf ;lGw, ;Demf}tf / ;xdltdf g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhg}lts txsf JolQmx¿sf] gfd, /fi6« / /fli6«otfsf] lj¿4df sfd ug]{ JolQmx¿sf] ;"lrdf ;dfj]z ug{ gful/s ;dfhn] cfjZos kxn ug'{k5{ .

%_ h'g;'s} ju{df kg]{ eP tfklg e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿ e'6fgL gful/s ePsf]n] pgLx¿nfO{ g]kfnn] /fVg'kg]{ afWotf gePsf] / :j]R5fn] /fVg ;Sg] cfly{s cj:yf ;d]t gePsfn] ;Dk"0f{ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿ ;–;Ddfg :jb]z kms{g kfpg] jftfj/0f agfpgsf] nflu g]kfnn] of] ljifonfO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug'{k5{ .

^_ e'6fgLx¿ e'6fgaf6 ef/tsf] e"ld x'"b} g]kfn k|j]z u/]sfn] of] dfldnfdf ef/tsf] ;sf/fTds ;xof]usf nflu g]kfnn] ;a} pkfox¿sf] cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .

-clwjQmf e§/fO{ ;+j}wflgs sfg'g Joj;foL d~rsf dxf;lrj x'g'x'G5 . k|:t't n]v pxf“n] c;f/ !* ut] d~råf/f cfof]lht uf]i7Ldf k|:t't sfo{kqaf6 lnOPsf] xf] . _

If]qLo :jfoQtf / sf+u|];sf] b[li6sf]0f

g/xl/ cfrfo{

t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{;“u} dfcf]jfbLn] k|:t't u/]sf /fhgLlts k|:tfjdfly klg ax; ;'¿ ePsf] 5 . u0ftGqsf] dfunfO{ p7fg u/]sf] g]skf dfcf]jfbL clxn] u0ftGqnfO{ kG5\ofP/ hftLotf, If]qLotf Pjd\ lk5l8Psf ju{sf] gfddf /fhgLltnfO{ ¿kfGtl/t u/]sf 5g\ . vf;u/L pgLx¿n] ljleGg hftLo df]rf{x¿dfkm{t\ hftLo /fHonfO{ p5fn]sf 5g\ . t/, dfcf]jfbLx¿n] s:tf] vfnsf] hftLo /fHosf] sNkgf u/]sf x'g\, c:ki6 g} 5 . g]kfndf h'g 9+usf] hftLo a;f]af; 5, tL a;f]af;nfO{ x]bf{ hftLo cfwf/df /fHo agfpg ldNg] b]lv"b}g . g]kfndf ldl>t hftLo a;f]af; 5 . s]xL 7fp“df o;sf cfwf/x¿ gePsf eg] xf]Ogg\, vf;u/L t/fO{ If]qdf . t/, ;du|df ldl>t a;f]af; g} 5 .

clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df s]lGb|s[t /fHo ;+/rgf sfd nfUb}g . of] lgs} cufl8b]lv p7]sf] ljifo xf] . o; d'2fnfO{ ;dodf g} sf+u|];n] u|x0f ug{ ;s]g, of] sf+u|];sf] bf]if xf] . of] ;'¿d} sf+u|];leq} klg p7]sf] lyof], ;+ljwfg agfpg] a]nfdf klg p7]sf] lyof] . t/, o;nfO{ sf+u|];n] yGSofP/ /fVof] . s]lGb|s[t /fHon] ;a} hflt, ju{nfO{ Gofo ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g, ;Sbf klg ;Sb}g, of] oyfy{ xf] .

o;sf] nflu xfdLn] ljsNk vf]Hg h¿/L 5 . o;sf] ljsNkdf s]lGb|s[t /fHo jf PsfTds zf;gsf] u'0fufg ufP/ dfq} klg ;Dej 5}g . To;sf] nflu j}slNks ;f]r /fVg}k5{ . clxn] sf+u|];df klg o;sf] pbo ePsf] 5, of] ljrf/ :yflkt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] utjif{ ;fpgdf If]qLo cjwf/0ffdf hfg] b[li6sf]0f kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . t/, xfd|f] ;lqmotfsf] d"n cfwf/ hftLo g} rflx" xf]Og . sf+u|;n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] If]qLo :jfoQtfleq ljleGg hfltx¿sf] afx'Notf x'g], zf;gdf ToxL 9+usf] k|ltlglwTj x'g], pgLx¿n] g} zf;gnfO{ ;~rfng ug]{, To;sf] ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s rl/q p:t} x'g], To;sf] /fhgLlts rl/q lgwf{/0f x'g] x'G5 t/ To;sf] cfwf/ hftLo x'"b}g . o:tf] lsl;dsf] If]qLo zf;gsf] kIfdf sf+u|]; plePsf] 5 .

clxn] If]qLotf, ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] h'g d'2f dfcf]jfbLx¿n] p7fPsf 5g\ To;sf] 6'Ëf] 5}g . h'g e"–/fhgLlts l:yltdf g]kfn /x]sf] 5, TonfO{ x]bf{ xfdL ;Dj]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 . clxn] sltko s'/fdf g]kfn cfkm}+ sltko ljifodf cfTdlg0f{o ug{ ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g eg] Pp6f ;fgf] e'/] 6fs'/] /fHon] slt cfTd lg0f{o ug{;Snf < s:tf] cfTd lg0f{o unf{ < To;}n] dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf cfwf/n] eGbf klg ;f+:s[lts kl/k|]Iodf / klxrfgsf ;+;bLo / /fHo ;Qfdf k|ltlglwTjsf ;Gbe{df xfdLn] /fHonfO{ Gofok"0f{ k|0ffnLdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] o;df ;dembf/L ljsl;t ug{ ;lsG5 . /fHo ;+/rgfnfO{ k'g{;+/lrt ug]{ / If]qLo zf;gdf hfg], s]Gb|Ls[t k|0ffnLsf] zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ cGt ug]{ / ;a} lsl;dsf cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ljs]Gb|Ls[t ug]{ u/L /fHo ;+/rgfsf] kl/jt{g / If]qLo cjwf/0ff g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . o;n] w]/} s'/fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;S5 .

l9n} eP klg sf+u|];n] oL s'/fnfO{ p7fPsf] 5 . t/, c¿ kf6L{x¿ o;df cem} :ki6 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ PsfTdstf / s]Gb|Ls[t x'g' Pp6} xf] elg/fv]sf 5g\ . PsfTdstf eg]sf] t efjgfTds s'/f xf] . To;nfO{ ljleGg lsl;daf6 PsfTds agfpg ;lsG5 . k|fb]lzs Pj+ If]qLo ;+/rgfdf hfg] eg]sf] zf;g;Qfdf Jofks ;xeflutfdf hfg] xf] . of] k|hftGqsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . ;xeflutf hlt a9L x'G5 k|hftGq Tolt alnof] x'G5 . cd]l/sfsf /fHox¿nfO{ cnu x'g] clwsf/ 5, t/ klg pgLx¿ slxNo} cnu x'g] s'/f ;f]Rb}gg\ . t/, ;f]leot;+3 Ps}rf]l6 lsg ljeflht eof] < To;}n] dfcf]jfbLn] NofPsf] If]qLotfsf] kl/sNkgfn] g]kfnnfO{ enf] u5{ eg]/ eGg ;ls"b}g . To;sf] Jofks / cfd"n kl/jt{g cfjZos 5 .

clxn] g]kfndf % j6f /fhgLlts If]q 5g\ . sf+u|];n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] If]qLotf em08}–em08} o:t} xf] . ;+Vofdf !–@ j6f yk36 x'g;Snf, t/ To;sf] cfwf/df km/s 5 . To;sf] cfwf/df cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / ef}uf]lns ;d]tsf s'/fx¿ Wofgdf /fvL logLx¿sf] k/lge{/tfnfO{ cfwf/df /fv]/ lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] . xfdLn] clxn]sf] s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo;Qfsf nflu hlt dGqfno oxf“ /flv/fv]sf 5f}", To;sf] s6f}tL cfjZos 5 . oxf“ s]Gb|df !) eGbf tnsf] ;+Vofdf dGqfno /fv] s]Gb|nfO{ kof{Kt x'G5 . c¿ ;a} If]qdf n}hfg ;lsG5 . To; cGtu{t ljz]if 7fp“x¿sf nflu :jfoQ If]qx¿ ljsl;t ug{ ;lsG5 . k|b]zcGtu{tsf :jfoQ If]qsf ¿kdf ljsl;t ug{ ;lsG5 . o;f] ubf{ ;a} clwsf/ clxn] h:tf] s]Gb|df /fVg], oxL 3'O"rf] agfpg] k|j[lt kl/jt{g x'G5 . s]Gb|n] t s'g} klg k4ltnfO{ gof“ lsl;daf6 lnP/ hfg] gLlt agfpg] xf] . clxn] s]Gb| g} ;fgf–dl;gf s'/fx¿df clNemP/ a;]sf] 5 . Jofks /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o kl/k|]Iodf ;f]Rg] lhDdf rflx" s]Gb|sf] xf] . c¿ sfd If]qn] g} u5{, :yfgLo sfdsf nflu cfkm\gf] 9+uaf6 of]hgf agfp“5 . cfkm\gf] 9+uaf6 lg0f{o u5{ .

cfh h'g lsl;daf6 ;'zf;g ePg elgPsf] 5, ;xeflutf ePg elgPsf] 5, s]Gb|Ls[t eof], sl7gfO eof] elgPsf] 5, oL ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf lgldQ klg If]qLo :jfoQtfsf] h¿/L 5 .

oL d'2fx¿ clxn]sf d"ne"t d'2fx¿ x'g\ . t/, xfdLn] nfdf] ;dob]lv o;df lgif]w u¥of}" . oL s'/fx¿ pl7;s]kl5 klg oL bnx¿nfO{ lgif]w ubf{ oL s'/fx¿ clxn];Dd kl/kSs x'g kfPgg\ . jf:tjdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eP/ nfu" ePb]lv g} oL s'/fx¿nfO{ xfdLn] tTsfn v'nf ug'{kb{Yof] . tTkZrft\ %–!) jif{ 5nkmn u/]kl5 o;n] kl/kSjtf kfPkl5 To;sf cfwf/df ljifox¿ k|i6 ¿kdf lgwf{/0f ul/;SYof}" . xfdLn] t o;nfO{ 5'g} x'"b}g eg]/ ;dft]/ a:of}" . ;+ljwfg nfu" ePsf] $–% jif{kl5 oL s'/fx¿ p7\g yfn]kl5 emg\ gsf/fTds ¿kdf x]g{ yflnof] . cfh xfdLn] o;sf] kl/0ffd Psd'i6 ¿kdf Joxf]l//x]sf 5f}" . sDo'lgi6 u0ftGqsf] dfu 5f]l8;Sbf dfcf]jfbLx¿ xfdLx¿;“u 7\ofSs} ldNg'kb{Yof] . t/, ldNg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . lsg ldNg ;s]sf 5}gg\ t < lsgls pgLx¿n] oL d'2fx¿ p7fPsf 5g\ . To;}n] clxn] xfdL / pgLx¿ ;d]t a;]/ of] d'2fsf] 5nkmn cl3 a9fpg'k/]sf] 5 . lxhf] ;+;b\df g} oL ax; rnfpg ;s]sf] eP ;fob of] kl/l:ylt cfp“b}gYof] . xfdLn] o;df l9nfO u/]s} xf], t/ ca o;nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s Pj+ lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s cufl8 a9fpg} k5{ . o;sf nflu xfdLn] Pp6f /fhg}lts / csf]{ k|fljlws kIfdf lgisif{ lgsfNb} sfd ug'{k5{ . o;}sf] Ps v'8\lsnf]sf] ¿kdf k|wfgdGqLsf] k|ToIf lgjf{rgnfO{ lnP/ cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 .

æ;z:q k|x/Lleqsf] hfltjfbÆ

/fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] ;Dj]bgzLntfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L /fHon] Pp6f cnu ;'/Iff lgsfosf] ¿kdf @)%& ;fndf u7g u/]sf] …;z:q k|x/L anÚ cfkm\gf] hGd;“u} ljs[lt, lj;+ult / e|i6 cfr/0f tyf sfo{z}nLsf s]xL dflyNnf] bhf{sf clwsf/Lx¿sf] sf]kefhgdf ¿dlNng k'u]sf] 5 . hgkb k|x/L / zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf s'g} eljio gb]v]/ l/6fo8{ cj:yfdf k'lu;s]/ ;z:q k|x/Ldf a9'jf lnP/ cfPsf / cjsfz kfP/ ef8fdf -s/f/df_ /x]sf s]xL 8L=cfO{=hL= / P;=P;=kL=x¿n] ;z:q k|x/L anh:tf] ;Dj]bgzLn ;'/Iff lgsfosf] gLlt lgdf{0f, ah]6 ;+rfng, k|zf;g / ck/]zgh:tf cToGt ;Dj]bgzLn ljefu / dxfzfvfx¿df ;'¿sf lbgb]lv g} cfkm\gf] babaf sfod ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

Pp6f kljq ;+u7gleq o:tf] k|j[lQsf] lahf/f]k0f ug]{ b'isfo{sf] g]t[Tj 8L=cfO{=hL= lbnLk >]i7n] ;Dxfn]sf 5g\ eg] Pp6f ljz'4 k];fut ;+u7gleq of]Uotf, Ifdtf / ;+u7gk|lt lgi7fjfg\ ;b:ox¿sf] h/} phf8 kfg{ nfuL 8L=cfO{=hL= uf]kfndfg >]i7, P;=P;=kL= gjLg >]i7, P;=P;=kL= z}n]Gb| >]i7, P;=P;=kL= Zofds[i0f sdf{rfo{, P;=kL= 7fs'/ df]xg >]i7, P;=kL= ;'zLn >]i7, 8L=P;=kL= j;Gt aflgof“ g]jf/, 8L=P;=kL= /fh]z >]i7, 8L=P;=kL= k|jL0f >]i7, 8L=P;=kL= afns'df/ >]i7, 8L=P;=kL= /fh]Gb| zfSo, 8L=P;=kL= e/t >]i7, sf=d'= 8L=P;=kL= slj >]i7nufotsf clws[tx¿ ;lqmo e} nfluk/]sf 5g\ . oL o:tf clwsf/Lx/ x'g\, h;sf] hgkb k|x/L / ;]gfdf cfkm\gf] s'g} eljio gePkl5 ;z:q k|x/Ldf NofOPsf lyP .

lbnLk >]i7 hf] hgkb k|x/Ldf P;=P;=kL=df l/6fo8{ x'g] ePkl5 cfkm"eGbf h'lgo/ 1fg]Gb|/fh /fO{eGbf klg k5fl8 cfO{=hL= sf] kb tfs]/ tTsfnLg cfO{=hL ;fksf] ;6{sf] afx'nf kqm]/ ;z:qdf cfPsf x'g\ . pgL xfn;Dd ;z:q k|x/Lsf] k|zf;g ljefuh:tf] ;+j]bgzLn / ;zQm ljefudf xfjL 5g\ .

uf]kfndfg >]i7 P;\=P;\=kL=df l/6fo8{ x'g @ dlxgf x'"bf ;z:qdf k;]sf x'g\ hf] hgkb k|x/Ldf cToGt} cZnLn, kbLo x}l;ot gePsf] / :t/xLg clws[t egL lrlgGy], h;nfO{ ;'¿b]lv g} ;z:q k|x/Lsf] cToGt} ;'ljwf ;DkGg dflgg] k"j{ If]qLo sfof{no O6x/Ldf k|d'v agfOPsf] 5 .

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf cof]Uo -I.A. dfq kf; ePsf]_ ePsf sf/0f Staff College ;d]t ug{ g;sL l/6fo8{ ePsf] gjLg >]i7nfO{ P;=P;=kL= h:tf] k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf lbO{ ljut @ jif{b]lv s/f/df /fvL tflnd lgb]{zgfno, egf{ 5gf}6h:tf dxŒjk"0f{ zfvfdf ;j]{;jf{ agfOPsf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] clws[t -;z:q k|x/L lg/LIfs_ h:tf] kbdf of]Uo clws[tsf] 5gf}6, Training syllabus agfpg], ljleGg :t/sf Joj:yfksLo / k];fut tflndsf nflu of]hgf / gLlt agfpg] nufotsf af}l4s sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g] zfvfdf cfO{=P= kf;sf] Go"gtd of]otf;d]t gePsf] JolQmnfO{ @ jif{b]lv ;j]{;jf{ agfP/ /fVg' :jo+ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] ckdfg xf]Og / < ;z:q k|x/L ;+u7gleq of]Uo / Ifdtfjfg\ lj1 P;=P;=kL=x¿ g} gePsf x'g\ <

hgkb k|x/Ldf jL/u~hdf P;=kL= 5"bf e|i6frf/ u/]sf] sf08 g;]nfp“b} l/6fo8{ x'g $ dlxgf af“sL 5"bf Zofds[i0f sdf{rfo{nfO{ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] Psdfq cfly{s k|zf;g dxfzfvf k|d'v P;=P;=kL= agfP/ NofOof], p;s} kfnfdf ;z:q k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿n] kfpg] JolQmut O:o'sf ;fdfgx¿ / kf];fssf] vl/bdf s/f]8f}"sf] e|i6frf/ ul/Psf] cfz+sf 5 . Sample df :t/Lo ;fdfgx¿ b]vfP/ jf:tljs vl/bdf Go"g u'0f:t/sf sd;n ;fdfgx¿ lslgof], h;df 8L=Pd=P;= a'6, o'lgkmd{sf] sk8f, em'n, Aof/]6 Sofk, d08L, l:nlkª Aofunufotsf ;fdfgx¿ 5g\ .

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;fdfGo k|=;]= kbdf /x]sf] z}n]Gb| >]i7nfO{ sf=d'=P;=P;=kL= agfO{ w]/} l;lgo/x¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] Psdfq dxfljBfno ssgLsf] k|d'v agfP/ k7fOof] h;n] kl5 tflnd]x¿sf] /fzgdf 3f]6fnf u/]afkt k'/:sf/ :j¿k O6nLdf ;]ldgf/df k7fOof] .

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf cfO{=P=dfq kf; u/]/ cfPsf] Go'/f]8sf] h+sL eg]/ lrlgg] ;'zLn >]i7, hgkbdf lgsDdf egL ;w}" u0f / b+ufdf b/aGbL x'g] j;Gt aflgof“ g]jf/, hgkbdf o'=Pg=af6 kms]{/ ;+u7gnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd ;d]t ga'emfPsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf elgg] /fh]z >]i7, hgkbdf cf}"7f 5fk egL lrlgPsf afns'df/ >]i7, ;a}sf] ;z:qdf xfnLd'xfnL 5 . ;z:q k|x/Ldf s]xL o:tf u'gf;f cfPsf 5g\ .

) k|x/L hjfgh:tf] lgDg:t/sf] kbdf egf{ ubf{ k"j{ If]q ;z:q k|x/L sfof{no, O6x/Ldf 8L=cfO{=hL= uf]kfndfg;“usf] ldn]dtf]df 8L=P;=kL= afns'df/ >]i7dfkm{t\ g]t[Tjn] k|ltJolQm !% b]lv @) xhf/ cfly{s nfe lnPsf] 5 .

OG;k]S6/af6 8L=P;=kL=sf] a9'jfdf l;lgol/6L sfod ubf{ g]jf/ y/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] .

) xfn} !)) hgfeGbf a9L P;=kL=, 8L=P;=kL= / sf=d'= 8L=P;=kL=x¿sf] ;¿jf ubf{ b'u{d / ;'b"/ :yfgx¿df o;cl3 b/aGbL /x]sfx¿nfO{ b'u{d / ;'b"/ If]qx¿df b/aGbL sfod ul/g] k/Dk/fnfO{ 7f8} nTofp“b} 8L=cfO{=hL= lbnLk >]i7n] Psnf}6L, dgf]dfgL / e]befjk"0f{ tl/sfn] ;¿jf lgsfn]/ cfO{=hL=nfO{ ;dy{g u/fPsf 5g\ . h;df /fh]z >]i7nfO{ k|wfg sfof{noaf6 k|wfg sfof{no, slj >]i7nfO{ k|wfg sfof{noaf6 k|wfg sfof{no, ;'/h >]i7nfO{ k|wfg sfof{noaf6 eQmk'/, ;'zLn >]i7nfO{ s'l/g6f/af6 kyn}of, k|jL0f >]i7nfO{ k|wfg sfof{noaf6 kyn}of, e/t >]i7nfO{ k|wfg sfof{noaf6 hgsk'/, /fh]Gb| zfSonfO{ k|wfg sfof{noaf6 ;Kt/L, j;Gt algof“ g]jf/nfO{ k|wfg sfof{noaf6 O6x/L, afns'df/ >]i7nfO{ O6x/Laf6 bds ;¿jf u/fPsf 5g\ . clwsf+z u}/g]jf/ clws[tx¿nfO{ eg] h'Dnf, ;'v]{t, zD;]/u~h, alb{of, ;]tL 6Lsfk'/, jga]x8f, s}nfnL, bfª, c5fd, vf]8\k] aemfª, sf]N6L afh'/fh:tf cToGt ;'b"/, b'u{d / hf]lvdo'Qm 7fp“x¿df 5n5fd u/L sfh v6fP/ k'gM ToxL" ;¿jf u/]sf 5g\ eg] !$÷!% dlxgf;Dd ;'b"/ If]qx¿df b/aGbL ePsfx¿nfO{ k'gM ;f]xL If]qaf6 ;f]xL If]qdf, Pp6} hf]lvdd'Qm lhNnfaf6 ;f]xL lhNnfdf ;'lgof]lht ¿kn] ;¿jf ul/Psf] 5 .

;z:q k|x/Lsf kLl8t /fi6«;]jsx¿

åGå ;dfwfgdf n]gb]gsf] gS;fª\sg

8f=lji0f'/fh pk|]tL

blIf0f clk|msL åGåsf] dWolt/ g]nzg d08]nfn] eg]sf lyP, ætkfO{+ cfkm\gf ;fyLx¿;“u 5nkmn -g]uf]l;P;g_ u/]/ zflGt :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg, zflGtsf nflu tkfO{+sf] zq';“u g} g]uf]l;P;g ug'{k5{ .Æ oxL g} jftf{sf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . ljleGg /fhgLlts clestf{, bftfx¿ ljsf; ljz]if1x¿, of]hgfsf/x¿, åGå ljz]if1x¿, kqsf/x¿, a'l4hLjL / Jofkfl/s ;d'bfox¿aLr jt{dfg åGåsf] d"ne"t Pj+ sf/0fdf vf;} dtleGgtf b]lv"b}g . Tof] xf] r/d ul/aL, ;+/rgfut c;dfgtf / s'zf;g . dfcf]jfbLsf clwsf+z dfux¿, ;/sf/sf ;'wf/sf k|lqmof / ;+;bLo kf6L{x¿ / lj1x¿sf] ljrf/ / ;'emfjx¿ s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf log} tLg cfwf/e"t d'2fx¿ / ltgsf ;d:ofx¿df g} s]lGb|t 5 . o;sf cfwf/df x]g]{ xf] eg] zflGtk"0f{ g]uf]l;P;gsf cfwf/df cfk;df 5nkmn u/]/ ;fd"lxs k|of;n] ;dfwfg ug{ g;lsg] s'g} klg d'2f 5}g . oBlk o; kf6f]n] Tolt Wofg cfs[i6 ug{ eg] ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] w|'jLs/0f a9]sf] 5 / Wj+zn] Jofkstf kfPsf] 5 . 5f]6s/Ldf eGg] xf] eg] g]kfn ulx/f] ;+s6df km";]sf] 5 . cem eGg] of] bf]af6f]df cNem]sf] 5 . hxf“;Dd zflGt k|flKtsf] cfzf 5, Tof] cem} phf8 g} 5 . jftf{k|lt kIfx¿n] u/]sf] Jojxf/sf] sf/0f g]kfnL hgtfdf 5fPsf] ;/sf/ / g]skf dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] jftf{sf] ;kmntfk|ltsf] pT;fx / cfzf IfL0f x'"b} uPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd jftf{sf] h'g ult 5 To;nfO{ x]bf{ / o;sf] k|flKtnfO{ x]bf{ cToGt} c;Gtf]ifhgs 5 . jt{dfg åGåsf d'Vo v]nf8L / /fhg}lts b[li6sf] k|lta4tf / pQ/bfloTjsf] cefjn] jftf{sf] k|ultnfO{ ;Lldt u/]sf] 5 . jftf{sf] d'Vo d'2f cGo /fhg}lts d'2fn] ckx/0f u/]sf] 5 . csf]{ r/0fsf] jftf{df eO/fv]sf] l9nfO, cl3Nnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df ePsf] cToGt sdhf]/ ;xhLs/0f, b'j} kIfaf6 ePsf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g, cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg ;ldltsf] lglZqmotf, ;/sf/, ljb|f]xL g]tf / cGo g]tfsf tkm{af6 ePsf] ljjfbf:kb cleJolQm, ;+;b\jfbL /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] c;xof]uL Jojxf/n] zflGt k|lqmof uDeL/ vt/fdf k/]sf] ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 . cgfjZos j}b]lzs rf;f]n] klg g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s åGådf yk ;d:of pTkGg u/]sf] 5 . ljZjsf] åGåsf] Oltxf;n] zflGt k|lqmof hl6n, ;Dj]bgzLn, sf]dn / cToGt gfh's ePsf] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] cfkm\g} kl5Nnf cg'ejn] g]uf]l;P;g gePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfnn] j}slNks ljjfb ;dfwfg pkfud hxf“ ;+ljwfgeGbf dfly a;]/ u}/;}lgs pkfo vf]lhG5 . ;}Go x:tIf]k plrt ;dfwfg xf]Og . of] t r/d lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu s]jn tfTsflns Pj+ c:yfoL ;dfwfg xf] . To;}u/L jt{dfg ;+ljwfgn] klg clxn]sf] åGå;“u Deal ug{ ;Sb}g . lsgls clxn]sf] kl/l:ylt jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/feGbf aflx/ u}/fv]sf] 5 . clxn] lx+;fTds åGå ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu /fhg}lts ;dfwfgsf] af6f] dfq} af“sL /x]sf] 5 .

g/d x:tIf]ksf] a[xt\ bfo/f xf] . o;nfO{ slxn]sfxL" Muty Track -ax'kIf_ ¿kdf klg o;nfO{ lnOG5 . klxnf] af6f] pkfud -;/sf/sf] g]uf]l;P;gk|lt Jojxf/ ug]{ k|of;_ dfq} jt{dfg k|of; kof{Kt 5}g . To;}n] xfdLn] bf];|f] / t];|f] af6f]sf] pkfud klg ckgfpg' cfjZos 5 . bf];|f] af6f] eg]sf] ;/sf/L÷u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, dfgjLo ;+:yfx¿, wfld{s ;d'bfo, Advocacy ;d"x, ljsf; ;+u7gx¿, j}1flgs ;+:yfx¿ / l;h{gzLn JolQmTjx¿sf] k|of; xf] . ax'ky pkfud gful/s ;dfh, ;/sf/, wfld{s ;d'bfo, k];fut ;+u7g zfGt sfo{stf{ / ;+hfn, s"6g}lts ;d'bfosf] ;+o'Qm k|of; xf] . g]kfnsf] åGåsf] ;Gbe{df xfdLn] ax'ky pkfud rog ug'{ h¿/L 5 . ljZjJofkL åGå Joj:yfkgsf] cg'ejn] ax'kIfLo, låkIfLo / cgf}krfl/s x:tIf]ksf] k|:tfjn] ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xLaLrsf] åGå / pQ/åGå ¿kfGt/0f jf csf]{ l;h{gzLn af6fx¿ b]vfPsf] 5 . g]uf]l;P;gsf] Road Map Ps åGå Joj:yfkg k|lqmof xf] . h;df bL3{sfnLg zflGtsf nflu k/:k/ :jLsfo{ ;dfwfgdf k'Ug] p2]Zon] åGå/t kIf jf ;f] kIfsf k|ltlglwx¿ Pscsf{sf] cufl8 pleP/ jftf{df ;fd]n x'G5g\ . g]uf]l;P;g ;lhnf] s'/f xf]Og . clwsf+z g]uf]l;P;g c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . dWo:ystf{n] ;xof]u u/]sf] g]uf]l;P;gdfly ul/Psf] Ps cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPcg';f/ ljZjdf %$=$ k|ltzt åGå dWo:ystf{ c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . @) k|ltzt dWo:ystf{ cfly{s ¿kn] ;kmn ePsf 5g\ eg] s]jn #=% k|ltzt g]uf]l;P;g k"0f{ ¿kn] ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . g]uf]l;P;gsf klg ljleGg r/0fx¿ x'G5g\ . h:t}M o'4lj/fd, ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f ljsf; ug'{ / g]uf]l;P;gdf ljZjf; ug{] l:ylt k}bf ug{', g]uf]l;P;gsf] jftfj/0f ljsf; ug'{, g]uf]l;P;gk"j{sf] l:ylt, cf}krfl/s g]uf]l;P;g / g]uf]l;P;gaf6 k|fKt kl/0ffdsf] sfof{Gjog . g]kfndf åGåsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg / zflGtsf] bL3{sfnLg :yfkgf k|flKtsf nflu s]xL lglZrt, cNksfnLg Pjd\ bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlt ckgfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

/0fgLlt g+= !

cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f x6fpg'

clxn]sf] ljZjf;sf] ;+s6sf] l:yltn] åGåsf] Joj:yfkgdf /fhgLlts ;dfwfgsf] af6f]nfO{ Wj:t u/fO/fv]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] dfcf]jfbLk|ltsf] hfgsf/L / dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/k|ltsf] hfgsf/Ln] ljZj;gLotfsf] :t/nfO{ hf“Rg] u5{ . ljZjf; eg]sf] åGå/t kIfx¿n] Pscsf{sf] ljZj;gLotfk|ltsf] ;f]rfO xf] . h'g Ps cfk;sf] u/fO / egfOsf] cfnf]rgfTds d"Nof+sgaf6 ljsf; x'G5 . cljZjf; k|foM kIfx¿sf] u/fO / egfOdf b]lvPsf To:tf c;dfgtfaf6 ;'¿ x'G5, h;nfO{ pgLx¿ :yflkt ug{ cfwf/xLg ts{ k|:t't ub{5g\ . åGåsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg -g]uf]l;P;gsf] dfWodaf6_ ePkl5 klg pQ/åGå sfo{df ;d]t ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f sfod x'g'k5{ . pQ/åGåsfndf lg/:qLs/0f demobilisation k'g:yf{kgf, k'gM PsLs/0f, k'gM lgdf{0f, k'gMldng k5{g\ . To;}n] /fhf, dfcf]jfbL / ax'bnjfbL /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] Collaboration, jftf{ / ;+o'Qmlqmofsf] cfwf/df ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f a9fpg'kg]{ s'/fdf k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ .

/0fgLlt g+= @

zflGt k|lqmofdf hg;xeflutfsf] clej[l4

o'4 / zflGtsf] Oltxf;n] ;fdfGo gful/s ;dIf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg r/d ;Defjgf / bIftf af]s]sf x'G5g\ eGg] b]vfPsf] 5  . zflGt lgdf{0f / lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ;dfhsf v]nf8Lx¿sf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtfdf k|Zg ug{ ;ls"b}g . oBlk xfdLsxf“ gful/sx¿sf] zflGt lgdf{0f / zflGt sfod ug]{ k|lqmofdf cxd\ e"ldsf /xg;S5 eGg] s'/fdf vf;} Wofg k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . Jojxfl/s ¿kdf eGg] xf] eg] zflGt lgdf{0f tyf sfod ug{] eg]sf] xltof/wf/L ljb|f]xsf] cGTo ug'{eGbf 7"nf] xf] . o;n] åGåsf] d"n sf/0f / /fhg}lts Pj+ ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 . zf;gsf] ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{gdf ;'/Iff tyf ljsf;, dfgjflwsf/ gLlt tyf Jojxf/df s]lGb|t x'G5 . olb zflGt jftf{ ;fj{hlgs kl/j]zdf ;DkGg ul/G5 o;n] kf/blz{tf . hjfkmb]xLtfnfO{ clej[l4 ub{5 . hgtfsf] :jfldTj Pj+ ;dy{g k|fKt ub{5 . o'4 / zflGtdf clk|msfsf] pbfx/0fn] xfdLnfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf s] atfp“5 eg] o'4af6 zflGtdf kl/0ft ;dfh jf:tljs ¿kdf gful/sx¿sf] ;+nUgtf 5}g eg] sfod /xg sl7g 5 . blIf0f clk|msfdf åGå ¿kfGt/0f / zflGt lgdf{0f jf:tjdf wfld{s ;d'bfo, Jofkf/L, /fhgLlts / gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;sf] kl/0ffd lyof] . Ujf6]dfnfsf] åGå ;dfwfg ljleGg gful/s ;+u7gx¿, rr{x¿, cflbaf;L o'lgog, dlxnf ;d"x / Jofkfl/s ;d'bfosf] gfuul/s ;efsf] k|of; dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . ;f] gful/s;efn] ljb|f]xL / ;/sf/sf nflu Ph]08f k|:tfj ug{ ;kmn eof] . …pQ/L cfo/Nof08 dlxnfx¿sf] u7aGwgÚ gfdsf] ljleGg dlxnf ;d'bfosf] u7aGwgn] !((* sf] a]nkmf:6 ;Demf}tf ug{df dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L lkmlnlkG;df cflbaf;L hflt, rr{ tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfon] pTs[i6 e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP . s]xL If]qdf zflGt If]q 3f]if0ff u/L gful/s clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . :yfgLo ;d'bfon] To:t} e"ldsf sf]nlDaofdf klg vf]n]sf lyP . g]kfndf ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] g]uf]l;P6 u/]/ zflGt ;Demf}tf u/] eg] zflGt sfod x'G5 eGg] Jofks unt dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 . t/, o;f] xf]Og . ha Toxf“ s'g} ;Demf}tf x'G5, To;nfO{ cglulGt afwfx¿ cfOk5{g\ . To;}n] ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xLaLrsf] g]uf]l;P;gsf] ;kmntf zflGtsf nflu s]jn ;'¿jft dfq} xf] .

/0fgLlt g+= #

zflGt ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf

g]uf]l;P;gsf] qmddf k"0f{ k|flws/o'Qm lhDd]jf/ / ;|f]t ;DkGg :jtGq zflGt ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf h¿/L x'G5 . o;nfO{ sfg'gL ¿kdf :jfoQ ¿kdf ;/sf/, dfcf]jfbL Pj+ ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿åf/f cg'df]lbt ug'{ h¿/L 5 . o; ;+:yf;“u gful/s ;dfhsf] ;xeflutf, ;xhLs/0f ug]{, ;fdflhs dt / rf;f]sf] ;+sng, ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf nflu gful/s;ef, ;xhstf{ / dWo:ystf{sf] k|:tfj ug]{, cg';Gwfg, cfrf/;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f / cg'udg g]uf]l;P6]8 Ph]G8fsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ Dof08]6 x'g'k5{ . o;/L zflGt k|lqmof;“u ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofx¿ ;+ul7t ¿kn] ;xhLs/0f x'G5 . clxn]sf] 9f“rfdf g} cufl8 hfg] xf] eg] zflGt k|fKt ug]{ s'/fdf s'g} ljZjf; ug{ ;ls"b}g . To;}n] o;sf] kl/jt{g ug{ cfjZos 5 . åGåsf s}of}" d'2f Pj+ sf/0fx¿sf] g]uf]l;P;g b[li6sf]0faf6 c¿ ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

/0fgLlt g+= $

ul/aL / ;+/rgfTds c;dfg Jojxf/df ;Daf]wg M jt{dfg åGåsf] d"n sf/0f ul/aL / ;+/rgfdf c;dfg Jojxf/ xf] eg]/ ljleGg cg';Gwfgx¿n] b]vfPsf 5g\ . oBlk oL d'2fx¿ g]uf]l;P;gsf] 6]a'ndf s;/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ s'/fdf / ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg g]uf]l;P;gkl5sf] åGå ¿kfGt/0fsf] nflu s'g ;+/rgf Pj+ ;+oGq cfjZos kb{5, h;n] oL cfwf/e"t sf/0fx¿nfO{ u}/ank"j{s af6f]df, s'g If]q tyf ultljlwx¿nfO{ tTsfn k|fyldstf lbg'k5{, bL3{sfnLs sfo{qmd s] x'g;S5 < s;n] g]t[Tj ug]{ / s;n] ;dy{g ug]{ < oL s'/fx¿sf] af/]df lgs} sd cWoog ePsf] 5 .

%= åGå ¿kfGt/0f

åGå ¿kfGt/0fsf] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ nIo eg]sf] ljleGg txdf h:t} lg/:qLs/0fsf] k|lqmof, demobilsation, k'gM:yfkgf k'gM PsLs/0f, lgdf{0f / k'gM ldng ;dGjo ljZjf;sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf ;xhLs/0f ug'{ xf] . To:tf] b]z hxf“ cy{tGq IftljIft 5, /fhgLlts k|0ffnLn] j}wflgstf u'dfPsf] 5, o'4df gfOs]x¿ Jofks 5g\ . hgtfx¿ dfl/Psf 5g\ / cfGtl/s ¿kdf g} lj:yflkt 5g\, ;dfh vl08t 5 . Toxf“ åGå ¿kfGt/0f Ps 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf], hxf“ k|lt3ftk"0f{ k|j[lQ kl/jt{g Pj+ ;/nLs[t ug{ cfjZos 5 . bL3{sfnLs k|of;df ljZjf; lgdf{0fsf] dfWodaf6 åGå ¿kfGt/0f cfjZos 5 . of] ;f}bfafhL pkfud, ;+/rgfTds pkfud / gful/s ;dfh lgdf{0f ljz]ifu/L o'4u|:t ufp“ -;dfh_ / ¿kfGt/0f pkfud -zflGt lzIff_, k'gM ;dGjoaf6 dfq} ;Dej 5 .

/0fgLlt g+= ^

k|zf;lgs Pj+ cg'udg ;'wf/

;/sf/sf] ljefu Pj+ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nox¿ clw/fHoel/ n}hfg' dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . k|zf;g, ahf/ ;+oGq / s[lifhGo ;+:yfx¿sf] s]Gb|Ls/0fn] u|fdL0f hgtfsf] 7"nf] ;d"xnfO{ alxu{t ub{5 . ljZjsf åGå k|efljt b]zx¿sf] cWoogn] s] klg b]vfPsf] 5 eg] s]Gb|Ls[t k|zf;g Pj+ ;'/Iff k|0ffnLn] åGånfO{ a9fpg d2t u/]sf] 5 . ;'/Iff If]qsf] Jojxf/n] s'g 9+un] åGå a9\5 eGg] s'/f lgwf{/0f ub{5 . pQ/o'4 sfndf ;'/Iff If]qsf] ;dy{g o'4lj/fd ug{ / zflGt ;Demf}tf ug{ dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Joj;foLs/0f / pgLx¿dfly gful/s lgoGq0f / ;'/Iff If]qsf] ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] kf/bzL{ ¿kdf ljt/0f ;dfh kl/jt{gsf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 .

/0fgLlt g+= &

afx\o dWo:y Pjd\ ;xhstf{sf] ;+nUgtf

xfdLnfO{ To:tf lj1 ;xhstf{x¿ hf] lgikIf /fHo h:t}M :jL6h/Nof08, :jL8]g, gj]{ cyjf s}of}" cGo clk|msL /fi6«x¿ jf tL lgikIf ;+:yf -h:t}M /fi6«;+3_ hxf“ ltgLx¿ g}ltsjfg\, cg'ejL Joj;flos dWo:ystf{x¿ 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 . jftf{ ;lrjfnon] ltgLx¿nfO{ rog ug{;S5, egf{ ug{ / g]uf]l;P;g k|lqmofdf ;+nUg u/fpg ;S5 .

cGtl/d ;/sf/

g]uf]l;P;g k|lqmofnfO{ Deal ug{ Pp6f ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ cfjZos kb{5 . ljutsf] s]xL dlxgfsf] cg'ejn] :ki6 ¿kdf s] ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 eg] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjsf] ljifodf /fhf / /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] ;xdlt aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . Jojxfl/s ¿kdf o;k|sf/sf] åGå /lx/xG5 ta;Dd dfcf]jfbL åGå ;dwfg ug{ ;ls"b}g . gof“ åGå cfpg yfn]sf] 5, gof“ Jojxf/ ljsl;t ePsf] b'O{ dfcf]jfbL åGån] sd k|fyldstf kfPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f jt{dfg GofofwLz jf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . hgtfnfO{ /fhf, ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{ / dfcf]jfbLn] ;d]t ;dy{g u¿g\ h;n] dfcf]jfbL;“u jftf{ u/f];\ / ;d:of ;dfwfg u/f];\ . h;n] d'2fx¿nfO{ Joj;flos ¿kdf x]/f];\ / lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f tof/ u/f];\ . ;fob o;sf nflu a[xt\ cfwf/ ePsf] ;/sf/ u7g ug{ cfjZos x'g;S5 h;n] ;+j}wflgs ljifodf c¿ sfd ug{ ;sf];\, rfx] Tof] ;+ljwfg;ef xf];\ of jt{dfg ;+ljwfgdf g} ;'wf/ lsg gxf];\ .

u|fdL0f dlxnfsf] hLjgz}nL abln"bf]

uf]s'n af:sf]6f

ljsf; eg]sf] s] xf] < hjfkmdf aGb'ssf] gfnaf6 5'6]sf] uf]nLh:t} hjfkm a;{G5– :j:y dfG5], lzlIft dfG5], ;d[4 dfG5] / ;'/lIft dfG5] . Pp6f ljsf;] sfo{stf{n] lbg] kl/efiff lbg ;Ifd x'"b} uPsf 5g\– afn'jfkf6L b]pk'/ uflj;sf dlxnfx¿ cfhef]ln .

;ft jif{cl3;Dd To; uflj;sf dlxnfx¿sf] lbgrof{ clwsf+z u|fdL0f dlxnfsf] h:t} 3/wGbf ug]{, d]nfkft hfg] / 3/sf >Ldfg\n] cx|fPv6fPsf] sfd ug]{ x'GYof] . cfhef]ln klg Tof] sfd t pgLx¿n] 5f8]sf 5}gg\, t/ pgLx¿df Pp6f ;fdflhs qmflGt g} cfPsf] 5– Tof] s] eg] pgLx¿ k|To]s xKtf ;fd"lxs ¿kdf cfkm\gf] 6f]ndf e]nf x'G5g\, Toxf“ pgLx¿ kfl/jfl/s ;d:of dfq xf]Og, ;fdflhs ;d:ofaf/] rrf{ u5{g\, ljsf;sf s'/f u5{g\, cfly{s pkfh{gsf] s'/f u5{g\, lzIffsf] s'/f u5{g\, kl/jf/ :jf:Yosf] s'/f u5{g\, ;fdflhs s';+:sf/sf] s'/f u5{g\ / ltgsf] lgbfgsf af/]df 5nkmn rnfp“5g\ .

tNnf] :t/sf] ;fdflhs hLjgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg dlxnfx¿ ;+ul7t ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] bh{gf}" dlxnf ;d"x agfPsf 5g\ hxf“ pgLx¿ k|To]s dlxgf lglZrt /sd hDdf u5{g\, / ;d"xs} ;b:odfem lagflwtf] cfocfh{gsf ;fgf of]hgfdf ;:tf] Aofhdf hDdf ePsf] /sd nufgL u5{g\ .

afn'jfkf6L–@ sL eLddfof tfdfª elG5g\– æ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cfly{s ;+sng / kl/rfng ubf{ xfdL ;fgfltgf cfocfh{gsf sfddf nufgL ug{ ;fx"sf] rsf]{ Aofhsf] ;fdgf ug]{ emGem6af6 d'Qm ePsf 5f}" .Æ pgL k~rsGof ;d"xsL d]g]h/ klg x'g\ .

gu/sf]6h:tf] ko{6sLo 7fp“ eP/ klg Toxf“sf clwsf+z hgtfsf] cfo:t/ ;fx|} Go"g 5 . xfdL xfd|f v]taf/Ldf ds} / sf]bf] /f]KYof}", h;n] jif{lbg wfGg ;lsGYof], t/ clxn] hf“ul/nf dlxnfsf nflu cfkm\gf] yf]/} hldgaf6 cfDbfgL lng Tolt ufx|f] 5}g . ToxL uflj;–& sL d'gf u'¿ª elG5g\– ædlxnfx¿sf] cfly{s pkfh{gsf sfo{df qmflGt g} ePsf] 5 . Tolt dfq sxf“ xf] /, xfdL dft[lzz' :jf:Yo lzIffaf/] klg ;d"xdf ;+ul7t ePkl5 ;r]t ePsf 5f}" .Æ

;d"xdf cfwfl/t dlxnf ljsf;sf nflu lhlj; sfe|]n] :yfgLo ljsf; sf]if g} v8f u/]sf] 5 . ;'¿df ;d"xn] hlt /sd ;+sng u¥of], Tolt g} /sd :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifn] pknAw u/fof] . u'¿ª elG5g\– æclxn] xfdL C0f nufgL / p7\tLsf] lx;fa klg cfkm}+ u5f}{" .Æ

afn'jfkf6L–^ sL ;Demgf a:tfsf]6L hf] ;fdflhs kl/rflnsf x'g\, pgL elG5g\– æclxn] of] uflj;df !$ j6f dlxnf ;d"x 5g\ / tL ;d"xn] cfocfh{gsf] sfo{df !) cf}" nfv ¿k}of“ ;fd'bflos ¿kdf nufgL u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿sf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g'sf ;fy} cgf}7f] dfgl;s ljsf; ePsf] 5 .Æ

æk|To]s ;d"xdf !%–#% hgf;Dd dlxnf ;+ul7t ePsf] / ltgLx¿n] k|To]s xKtf %–!) ¿k}of“ ;d"xdf art ug]{ ub{5g\Æ– ;fd'bflos kl/rflnsf ;fOdfof ljs atfp“l5g\ .

ufp“sf] ^ xhf/ % ;o hg;+VofdWo] # xhf/ @ ;o @) dlxnf 5g\ . lhlj; sfe|]n] ;~rfng u/]sf] :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifsf clws[t uf]kfn kf}8]n eG5g\–æo:tf ;+:yfx¿sf] u7g / kl/rfng C0f lbg] / vfg] dfq p2]Zon] ePsf] xf]Og, of] t cfly{s pkfh{gsf ;fy ;fdflhs ljsf;df dlxnfx¿sf] ax'cfoflds e"ldsf ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo klg o;df lglxt 5 .Æ pgsfcg';f/ lhNnfsf (% uflj;dWo] @* j6f uflj;df of] sfo{qmd ;~rflnt ePsf] 5 .

s[lif, kz'kfng, a]df};dsf] t/sf/L pTkfbg, ;fgf ufp“n] k;n ;~rfngh:tf If]qdf oL ;d"xx¿n] /sd nufgL ub{5g\ .

nufgL ug]{ klg, cfkm}+ Aofh ltg]{ klg, cfkm}+ / 6f]nl5d]ss} dflg; ePsfn] Pp6f ljifodf C0f lnP/ csf]{ k|of]hgdf vr{ x'g] klg ub}{g / C0f 8'Ag] ;Defjgf klg cToGt sd} /xg] u/]sf] cg'ej cfkm";“u /x]sf] s'/f kf}8]n atfp“5g\ .

efUodf xf]Og d]xgtdf ljZjf; u/f}" eGg] efjgf hfu[t ug{ / ef}lts ljsf; dfq xf]Og, dfgjLo ljsf; ug{ hgzlQms/0fsf] Pp6f cleofgsf ¿kdf cfkm"n] o:tf] of]hgfsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] / To;sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu 8f]g/ Ph]G;Lx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;lDdlnt u/fPsf] s'/f sfe|] lhlj;sf k"j{;efklt s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f atfp“5g\ .

pgL eG5g\– æ;dfhdf JofKt n}+lus c;dfgtfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] Ps dfq dfWod cfocfh{gdf dlxnfsf] kx'"r xf] . cfwf hg;+Vof 9fSg] dlxnfn] s'/f ga'em\bf;Dd ljsf;sf k|of; g} c;kmn x'G5g\ .Æ o;}sf/0f cfkm"n] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf o;k|sf/sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] bfaL ;fksf]6f u5{g\ .

klxnf ldl6ª, e]nf / a}7s eGg] s'/f yfx} gkfPsf afn'jfkf6Lsf dlxnf cfhef]ln tL s'/fdf cEo:t eO;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ax; ug{ g t nhfp“5g\ g t wsfp“5g\ g} . tfdfªsf] afx'Notf ePsf] ;f] ufp“sf dlxnfdf clxn] ;fdflhs hfu/0f / cfly{s hfu/0f 5 .

afnljsf; tyf dlxnfsf nflu ;f] uflj;df nfu" ePsf] sfo{qmd / To;df dlxnfx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf sf/0f clxn] Toxf“sf dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] uflj;sf] hg;+Vof, ;fIf/tf ;+Vof, ljBfno ghfg] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof, vf]k glng] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof, 6\jfOn]6 gePsf 3/, s'kf]if0f nfu]sf afnssf] ;+Vofh:tf s'/fx¿ klg df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf ufp“el/s} yfxf x'G5 . uflj;sf] s]Gb|df /x]sf] ;"rgfkf6Ldf To:tf ;"rgf cBfjlws ul/Psf 5g\ .

æuflj;sf] dfYnf] efu o'/f]kh:t} nfU5, t/ tNnf] efu lgs} lk5l8Psf] lyof] . clxn] w]/} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 ufp“n] dlxnfsf] ;f]rfOdfÆ– afn'jfkf6L–# sf xf]dgfy 9sfn eG5g\ . klxnf xfd|f] ;f]r ljsf; eg]sf] s'nf], af6f], vfg]kfgL, aQL dfq xf] eGg] lyof], t/ ;fdflhs hfu/0f / r]tgf g} ljsf; /x]5 eGg] s'/f t ev{/} a'em\g yflnof] . h] xf];\ aQLd'lgsf] c"Wof/f] ufp“ ePsf] afn'jfkf6Ldf clxn] a]Un} k|sf/sf] ;fdflhs hfu/0fsf] ljsf; km:6fp“b} 5 . dlxnfx¿ g} ;lqmo ag]sf 5g\ h;n] pgLx¿sf] hLjgz}nLdf lj:tf/} t/ ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g NofO/x]sf] 5 .

– ;+rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;+rfl/sf ;d"x

of] ufO{hfqf xf]Og ;fyL xf]

laZjdl0f ;'j]bL

;KtfxGtsf] cGTodf Pp6f csf]{ 7§f ;'lgof], hf] ufO{hfqf lyPg . cleg]qL elgg] k"hf rGbnfO{ hfkfgsf] Ps k|f]8S;g sDkgLn] ;xsfo{sf nflu cfu|x u¥of] /] † g]kfnsL lx/f]Og, hf] l;g]dfsf] sfdwGwfaf6 af“Rg g;s]/ s'g} u]i6 xfp;sf] dflnssf]df z/0f nfUg' k5{ To:tL gflosfn] hfkflgh k|f]8S;g sDkgL;“u sfd u5'{ eGg'nfO{ Pp6f csf]{ ufO{hfqfs} ¿kdf lng' kb{5 . k};f sdfpg g;s]/ sl/Zdfn] cd]l/sf knfog x'g'kg]{ of] b]zdf u]i6 xfp;lt/ wfpg] k"hf;“u hfkflgh sDkgLn] sfd ub}{5 eGg] s'/f ;'g]kl5 cd]l/sf uPsL sl/Zdf slt xf“l:bx'g\, s'lGg †

ufO{hfqf / aiff{ bf}t/L eP/ hd]sf 5g\ olta]nf . aNn–aNn g]kfnL l;g]df, Tof] klg s]xL ;fgf xndf rNg] t eof], t/ l;g]dfsf] Jofkf/df ;jf{lws lu/fj6 cfpg] df};d aif{fdf rnlrq k|bz{g x'g'n] s'g} cf}lrTo sfod ub}{g .

lgdf{tfx¿sf] xsdf of] olt b'Mvb ;dfrf/ xf] ls tof/ ePsf / k|bz{g eO/x]sf l;g]dfnfO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd yf“tL /fVg'sf] pknlAw …xfQL cfof], xfQL cfof], km':;fÚ dfq eOlbof] .

bfbflu/L ;dfwfg xf]Og eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 olta]nf . rnlrq lgdf{tfx¿n] cfGbf]ng ;kmn ePsf] eGb} s]xL ;fgf xn cfkm}n] 3'"8f w;]/ ;Demf}tf u/]af6 klg k'li6 x'G5 ls cfGbf]ng ;jyf{ lg/y{s g} xf] . cfGbf]ngsf] cy{ jf cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] vf; pknlAw eg]sf] cfGbf]ng h]sf nflu / h;sf lj¿4 eO/x]sf] x'G5, Tof] kIf jftf{df jf o'4df cfpg' k5{ . t/, xnjfnfx¿ slxNo} klg g jftf{df uP g o'4df g} . lgdf{tfx¿ vf]hL–vf]hL, ysf{O{–ysf{O{ xn dflnsx¿sf]df wfP . /, s]xL …xn x'gÚ eGgfsf dfq} xn;“u lalGt la;fP/ ;Demf}tf u¥of}{" eg]/ kms]{sf 5g\ .

/fhwfgLdf rnlrq k|bz{gsf b'O{j6f ;d"x ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\ . Ps xf], ljZjHof]lt ;d"x, h;n] /fhwfgLsf 7"nf / k|d'v xnx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ub{5 . csf]{ xf], 8«D; u|'k, h;n] ljZjHof]lt ;d"xkl5sf 7"nf xnx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ub{5 . 8«D; (DRAMS), lbh]Gb| -u'0f l;g]df Ujfsf]{_, /fh]Gb| -jf/fxL d'leh–do'/, ag]kf_, ci6gf/fo0f -ci6gf/fo0f, jfnfh'_, dbgdfg -u+uf xn_, l;4fy{ -af}4_ ;d"x s;/L aGof] eGg] s'/f lgofNg' h¿/L x'g cfPsf] 5 .

em08} b'O{ jif{cl3 czf]s zdf{sf] l;g]df …of] dfofsf] ;fu/Ú ljZjHof]lt xndf rNg nueu d'l:sn k¥of] . Pshgf gSsnL dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ v8f u/]/ ljZjHof]ltnfO{ wDSofp“bf;Dd ljZjHof]ltn] pgsf] l;g]df rnfpg] s'g} ljrf/ lnPg . czf]sn] ljZjHof]ltsf] kfp“ ;dfP/ …h] klg u5'{ xh'/, h];'s} Jof]xf]5'{Ú eg]kl5 ljZjHof]ltn] czf]sdfly s[kfefj bzf{Psf] lyof] . oxL kl/l:yltdf lgdf{tfx¿sf] Ps ;d"xn] czf]s zdf{s} lgb]{zgdf ljZjHof]lt;“u 6Ss/ lng egL 8«D; u'|k agfpg nufOPsf] lyof] . cfh lgdf{tfx¿ o:tf] u'|lkHdsf] cGTosf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . lxhf] lgdf{tfsf] Ozf/fdf lgdf{tfx¿n] /hfO" ug{ kfOG5 eg]/ v8f u/]sf] ;d"x cfh lgdf{tfn] eg]sf] s'/fdf 6]/k'R5/ nfpg tof/ 5}g . g ljZjHof]ltn] dflg/x]sf] 5, g 8«D;n] g} . s]xL 7"nf lgdf{tfx¿n] cfkm"n] sdfpg] .

zf]let a:g]tn] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gsf nflu yf“tL /fv]sf] rnlrq …s0f{jL/Ú lxhf] eg]sf] a]nfdf k|bz{g ul/Psf] eP PsxKtfdf @) nfv sdfpg] l:yltdf k'UYof] eg]+ cfh ;fgf xn;“u ;Demf}tf u/]/ k|bz{g ubf{ …s0f{jL/Ú sf] xftdf nueu Ps–8]9nfv dfq z]o/ cfpg;Sg] l:ylt /xG5 . /, o;nfO{ lgdf{tfx¿sf] lht eGg] ls xf/ < cfGbf]ngsf] d"n Wo]o eg]sf] ljZjHof]ltnfO{ unfpg' xf] . t/, s'g} x/fdhfb]x¿sf] 3'sL{;“u ljZjHof]lt uNg] t s] s'/f Tof] 3'sL{sf sf/0f ljZjHof]lt l9lDsg klg ;s]g . a¿ zf]let a:g]th:tf a'a'/fx¿sf] /f;f]jf;f]df vnn k'u]sf] 5– of] cfGbf]ngn] . lgdf{tfx¿n] h'g /8fsf] dRrfP/ cfGbf]ng 5]8]sf x'g\, cfGbf]ngn] Tof] txsf] pkl:ylt xft kfg{ ;s]g . of] cfGbf]ngn] ;fgf lgdf{tf t 8'a]8'a] 7"nf klg Ps} 3fg x'g k'u]sf 5g\ .

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