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-;/sf/—dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf] qmddf kl5Nnf] k6s ;]gfsf] ljifodf lgs} ljjfb eof] . jftf{sf] qmddf ;]gfsf] ljifo dxTjk"0f{ Pj+ clgjfo{ ?kdf 5nkmn x'g'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ /fVg] k"j{ k|wfg;]gfklt ;lRrtzdz]/ hj/f;"u cfh x'g uO/x]sf] jftf{df ;/sf/n] lng÷lbg ;Sg] Ph]08fdf, ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] ljifodf jftf{sf] lbzfsf] af/]df s]lGb|t /xL b]zfGt/sf k|d'v ;Djfbbftf afa'/fd cof{nn] nfdf] s'/fsfgL ug'{eof] . k|:t't 5, jftf{sf] ;f/ ;+If]k . ;+=_

) t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf] s] kl/0ffd cfpnf <

jftf{sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cfkm\gf cjwf/0ffx¿ 5g\ eg] dfcf]jfbL kIfsf cfkm\gf cjwf/0ffx¿ 5g\ . dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/nufot ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] rfxgf, uPsf] oltsf] jif{sf] si6 / kL8fnfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ffn] klg cjx]ngf ug{ ;Sb}g . dfcf]jfbLn] klg cjx]ngf ug{ ;Sb}g . of] s'/f ut $ dlxgfsf] jftf{sf] cg'ejaf6 b'j} kIfnfO{ af]w eO;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . hgtfsf] ;fd' cfP/ /fhgLlt ug]{ / g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] d"n k|jfxdf cl3 a9\g] / hgtfnfO{ g]t[Tj lbg] dfcf]jfbLsf] cfsf+Iff 5 eg] of] jftf{df dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;sf/fTds ¿kd} cfpg'k5{ . pgLx¿n] /fv]sf hgtfnfO{ kmfObf x'g] dfux¿df pgLx¿n] 6]Sg'k5{, 5f8\g'k5{ . ;fy;fy} /fi6«sf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fi6«sf] :jtGqtf / g]kfnLsf] cl:tTj;DaGwL pgLx¿sf] dfudf cl8u} x'g'k5{ . tL afx]s c¿ s'/fx¿ kl/kSj ¿kdf k|:t't eP eg] /fd|} x'G5 . To:t} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] klg s] ug]{ t < >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] dfu klg t hgtfx¿nfO{ g} ;'v–;'ljwf xf];\, e|i6frf/ gxf];\, b'MvLx¿sf] sNof0f xf];\ eGg] g} xf]nf . To;}n] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff klg hxf";Dd dnfO{ nfU5 b]zsf] :jtGqtfsf] /Iff xf];\ ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] /Iff xf];\ eGg] lsl;dsf] g} xf]nf . olb of] xf] eg] o; afx]ssf c¿ s'/fx¿df nlrnf]kg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] klg lnG5 . oL ;a} s'/fx¿df ;xdlt Nofpg dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/af6 x's'd ePsf] 5, æxfdLn] zflGt Nofpg'k5{ .Æ d'n'sdf zflGt Nofpg ljZjf; rflxG5 . dfcf]jfbL kIfdf klg / >L % sf] ;/sf/ kIfdf klg . ljZjf; ePsf] v08df w]/} rLh x'g;S5 . >L % af6 aS;]sf] dfu{bz{gaf6 >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ nlrnf] x'g ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . d'Vo s'/f ljZjf;s} xf] . ljZjf; k}bf ug{sf nflu dfcf]jfbLx¿n] clxn] h'g l56km'6 ¿kdf 36gfx¿ 36fO/x]sf 5g\, ckx/0fsf 36gf, ;'/IffsdL{x¿;"u d'7e]8sf] 36gf cflbaf6 ljZjf; k}bf x'g;Sb}g . To:t} >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 klg lgx'" vf]Hg] lsl;daf6 dfcf]jfbL;"u eg] To;af6 klg ljZjf; k}bf x'g;Sb}g .

) o'4lj/fdsf] wf/0ff rflx" xfd|f] of] kl5Nnf] $ dlxgfdf b'j} kIfaf6 slQsf] sfof{Gjog ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 <

o'4lj/fdn] w]/} 7"nf] kmfObf ePsf] 5 . Tof]eGbf cufl8 n8fO"sf] cj:yf lyof] . b'j}tkm{af6 ;}s8f}" dfG5] dfl/"b} lyP . dlxgf lbgdf 8]9;o, b'O{;o dfG5] dfl/Gy] . ufp"3/sf dflg;x¿, To;} al;/fv]sfx¿ klg dfl/Gy] . w]/} cj/f]wx¿ lyof] . ca Tof] sd eP/ uPsf] 5 . clxn] rGbf c;'nL ug]{ sfo{qmd rflx" a9]sf] 5 . ufp"3/df dfq} xf]Og, ;x/ahf/df klg a9]sf] 5 . x'"bfx'"b} clxn] rGbf ;+sng / lx+;fsf] 36gf al9/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] ;Dk"0f{ bf]if dfcf]jfbL g]t[TjnfO{ lbg rfxGg" . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] g]t[Tj g]kfnel/ 5l/Psf] 5 . logLx¿sf g]tfx¿ ;a} k'/fgf 5}gg\ . 7fp"–7fp"sf sdf08/x¿ :yfgLo ?kdf etL{ ePsf klg 5g\ . sltko g]tfx¿n] dflysf] cfb]z kfngf gu/]sf] klg x'g;S5 . ;fy;fy} s[lqd dfcf]jfbL w]/} 7fp"df b]lvG5g\ . pgLx¿n] dfcf]jfbLsf] gfp"df k};f n'6\g], rGbf p7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf s]xL 36gf ;]gfaf6 klg ePsf 5g\ .

) ;fdflhs sfdsf] nflu eg]/ dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ pQ]lht ug]{ lsl;dsf] ;]gfn] sfd u¥of] eG5g\ lg <

dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] k|efj ePsf lhNnfx¿df pgLx¿n] s]xL uflj;x¿nfO{ hf]8]/ cfkm\gf] cv8f agfPsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] cfwf/ Onfsfx¿df zfxL ;]gf k;]sf] 5}g . lgs} jif{ e};Sof], ufp"3/df cf}ifwf]krf/ 5}g, 8fS6/x¿ 5}gg\, :jf:YosdL{x¿ 5}gg\, dfcf]jfbL;"u pkrf/ ug]{ s'g} Joj:yf 5}g . ufp"n] la/fdLx¿sf] pkrf/ x'g;s]sf] 5}g . o:tf] 7fp"df /fxt k'¥ofpgsf nflu zfxL ;]gfnfO{ kl/rfng ug'{k¥of] . of] b]zJofkL ¿kdf rln/fv]s} 5 . ;]gf dfcf]jfbLsf] cv8fdf ufÚ5}g . zfxL ;]gf cv8fdf uof] eg] n8fO" ;'¿ x'G5, To:tf] rflx" efÚ5}g . cf}iflw / c¿ d2t k'¥ofpgsf nflu zfxL ;]gfsf] pkl:ylt x'"bf klg dfcf]jfbL :yfgLo sdf08/nfO{ lrQ a'em\g] h:tf] nfUb}g . ltgLx¿n] uf]nL kmfo/ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . uf]nL kmfo/ ubf{ klg n8fO"sf] cj:yf cfPsf] 5}g . olb pgLx¿ n8\g rfx]sf] xf] eg] n8fO" t x'GYof] lg † xtf]T;fxL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/, zfxL ;]gf klg cfkm\gf] st{Joaf6 kl5 x6]sf 5}gg\ . zfxL ;]gf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lh:Sofpg] lsl;daf6 cl3 a9]sf] eg] xf]Og .

) o'4lj/fd ePsf] a]nfdf oL s'/fx¿ ;fdfGo x'g\ <

xf] . ufp"3/df cf}iflw gk'u]sf] 7fp"df cf}iflw k'¥ofpg', /fxt gk'u]sf] 7fp"df /fxt k'¥ofpg] sfd gful/s k|zf;gaf6 x'g'kg]{ xf] . clxn] ufp"3/df gful/s k|zf;g t 5}g . zfxL ;]gf klg guPsf] v08df t ufp"n]n] s'g} lsl;dsf] /fxt g} gkfpg] eP . /fxt k'¥ofpgsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] Ph]06sf] ¿kdf zfxL ;]gf uPsf 5g\ . To:tf] eP/ :yfgLo dfcf]jfbL sdf08/af6 l56k'6 36gf ePsf] xf] . zfxL ;]gf pgLx¿nfO{ pQ]lht ug]{ lsl;dn] cufl8 uPh:tf] nfUb}g .

) klxnf] / bf];|f] jftf{df pgLx¿ -dfcf]jfbL_ xfjL ePsf x'g\ <

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] k"/} /fi6«sf] lhDd]jf/L af]s]/ a;]sf] 5 . lhDd]jf/L af]s]kl5 dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ jftf{df Nofpg o'4lj/fd ubf{ hgtfn] qf0f kfp"5g\ . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ h;/L x'G5 jftf{df Nofpg'k5{ . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] jftf{sf] nflu s'g} pT;'stf g/fv]sf] v08df / jftf{sf] nflu cfkm" nlrnf] gePsf] v08df jftf{ g} x'"b}g . To; cj:yfdf o'4 x'ghfg] l:ylt cfp"5 .

cl:t Pp6f ljjfb p7\of] . ;]gfnfO{ % lslddf ;Lldt ug]{ eGg] . s'g} klg :jtGq d'n'ssf] kmf}hnfO{ % lsldleq ;Lldt ug'{ s}b ug'{h:t} xf] . Tof] t ljhoL kmf}hn] dfq} ug{ ;Sg] s'/f xf] . jf:tjdf Tof] ePsf] xf]Og /x]5 . Tof] a]nfsf dGqLHo";"u clxn]sf dGqLHo"n] s'/f ug'{ef], dfcf]jfbLtkm{af6 k|:tfj;Dd cfPsf] xf] eg]sf 5g\ .

) ;xhstf{x¿ t lg0f{o g} ePs} xf] eg]/ 7f]s'jf ub}{ lx"l8/fV5g\ lg <

;xhstf{x¿n] klg cf–cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fVg'x'G5 . olb lg0f{o ePsf] eP dfcf]jfbL klg clxn] jftf{df cfpg] lyPgg\ xf]nf . lg0f{o u/]/} >L % sf] ;/sf/ kl5 x6]sf] eP pgLx¿nfO{ jftf{df ljZjf; x'g] lyPg . clxn] pgLx¿ jftf{df cfPsf x'gfn] Tof] 5nkmn dfq} ePsf] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . jftf{df cfZjf;g;Dd lbPsf] x'g;S5 . o:tf] c;dembf/L ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

) Tof] olb lg0f{o ePsf] eP cg'lrt x'GYof] <

lg0f{o ePsf] eP cg'lrt x'GYof] . ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg d'n'ssf] ;]gfnfO{ % lslddf /f]Sg' eGof t s}b ug{'h:tf] xf] . % lsldeGbf aflx/ ;]gf hfg g;s]kl5 t h;n] h] u/] klg eof] . xhf/f}"sf ;+Vofdf c¿ dflg;nfO{ etL{ u/] eof] . xhf/f}"sf] ;+Vofdf xltof/ NofP/ hyfefjL u/] klg eof] . Tof] gePsf] /fd|f] eof] .

) dfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 /fhgLlts Ph]08fdf jftf{ ug]{ eg]kl5 o;kflnsf] jftf{ ;sf/fTds xf]nfh:tf] b]lvPsf] xf] <

h'g sf]0faf6 x]/] klg /fhgLlts s'/f g} xf] . dfcf]jfbL /fli6«o d"nwf/df cfpg] eg]sf] /fhgLlt ug{ g} xf] . clxn] u0ftGqsf] dfu pgLx¿n] yf"tL /fv]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng ug]{, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngkl5 cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ eG5g\ / ;+j}wflgs ;ef ug]{ / To;n] gof" ;+ljwfg agfpg] 5g\ . gof" ;+ljwfg agfP/ oxL cg';f/sf] r'gfj ug]{5g\ . of] /fhgLlts kIf eof] . d}n] b]v]sf] b'O{6f s'/fdf ;/sf/n] klg To;df kxn unf{ . $& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg t ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf /fd|f] ;+ljwfgdWo] Ps eG5g\ . ;+ljwfg !@ jif{ rln;Sof] . To;sf] gsf/fTds kIf klg 5g\ . tL gsf/fTds kIfx¿ ;+ljwfgn] ubf{ ePsf] xf]Og, ;+ljwfg ;+rfng ug]{x¿sf] sdLn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . To:tf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ Roft]/ kmfNg] lg0f{o ;/sf/n] ub}{g xf]nf . dfcf]jfbL;"u pgLx¿n] of] ;+ljwfgdf s] ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ t eg]/ eGg'k¥of] . ul/ax¿sf] pTyfgnfO{ olb Tof] ;+ljwfgn] /f]ssf] 5 eg], xfd|f] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg d'n'ssf] :jtGqtfnfO{ cj/f]w x'g] s]xL rLh 5g\ eg] ;:tf] rLhnfO{ ;'wf/ u/f}" eGg;S5g\ . vfln ;'wf/sf] gfddf ;'wf/ dfq} u/]/ t s] kmfObf x'G5 / < cflv/ dfcf]jfbLn] klg hgtfnfO{ xfdL ltdLx¿sf] :t/ dfly n}hfG5f}", b'Mv x/0f u5f}{" eg]/ Tof] sfdnfO{ of] ;+ljwfgdf eg] cfZjf;g lbPsf g xf]nfg\ . s]xL ;'wf/ Nofpg'k¥of] eg] Nofpg'k¥of] . Tof] 7Ls} 5 . clxn] w]/}h;f] s'/f s]Gb|d} s]lGb|t 5 . dGqLn] u5{g\, ;lrjn] u5{g\, ufp";Dd /fxt k'Ub}g eGg] s'/fx¿ 5g\ . If]qLo cjwf/0ff Nofp"bf /fd|f] x'G5 eg] xfd|f] ;/sf/n] To;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] sf]l;; ug{ ;S5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] If]qLo eg]sf] t ;'g]sf] 5}g . olb ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] Tof] nfOgdf uof] eg] /fd|f] xf]nf . hgtfd} tn;Dd lgsf; k'¥ofpg k¥of] lg † To:tf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] /fVbf ;/sf/n] dfGnf / ;/sf/n] /fv]sf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] klg dfGnf . /fhgLlts s'/fx¿ klg x'G5g\ . To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/sf] ljZjf; rflxG5 . ljZjf; NofpgnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] xltof/;DaGwL s'/fdf >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ cfZjf;g lbg'k5{ . pgLx¿ xltof/ /fv]/ ;/sf/df a:g t ldNb}g . sf+u|];, Pdfn] / c¿ kf6L{x¿ xltof/ljxLg /fhgLlt ug'{kg{], Tof] t ldNb}g .

) uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, ;+ljwfg;ef / cGtl/d ;/sf/ cflbdf slt ;xdt x'g;S5 <

;+ljwfg;efaf6 s] ug]{ < gof" ;+ljwfg Nofpg] cyjf of] ;+ljwfgdf s]xL ;'wf/ Nofpg] < ul/aL pGd'ng xfd|f] d"n k|Zg xf] . xfdLnfO{ ljb]zLx¿af6 w]/} bafa cfO/x]sf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ xfd|f] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jtGqtfdf klg cf"r cfO/xG5 . cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 To:tf] bafa cfO/xG5 . ;+rf/ If]qdf klg To:tf] bafa cfO/x]sf] 5 . ef}lts bafa klg 5 . 7fp"–7fp"df af"w af"lwPsf] 5 . To:tf] bafaaf6 hf]ufpgsf] lgldQ cfkm\gf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef};Qf hf]ufpgsf] nflu ul/aL pGd'ng ug'{k5{ . clxn] kf"rj6f k|d'v /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿;"u ldnfk ug{ k¥of] eg]/ >L % af6 af/Daf/ x's'd ePsf] 5 . ;'¿b]lv g} >L % n] PSsfO;f}" ztfAbLsf] /fhtGq k|hftGqsf nflu, k|hftGq d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf nflu, /fhtGq, k|hftGq d'n'ssf] ;'gf}nf] eljiosf nflu elgaS;]sf] 5 . cfcf}", ldnf}", dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg u/f}"eGbf klg lsg gdfGg] < To;n] ubf{ klg jftf{sf] k|lqmofdf cK7\of/f] ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿;"u jftf{ ug]{ xf] ls ;/sf/;"u ug]{ cGof}ndf 5g\ . pgLx¿ t /fhf;"u s'/f ug]{ klg elg/fv]sf 5g\, t/ /fhf t dfcf]jfbLsf] dfq} xf]Og . ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] xf] / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] dfWodaf6 g} ;a};"u ;Djfb x'G5 . of] cGof}ntf e"–/fhgLlts kf6L{af6 ;xof]u gcfPsf]n] g} ePsf] xf] .

) zflGtsf] gfddf ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLsf ;a} dfux¿ k"/f u/]/ cufl8 a9\g ;S5 <

ul/aL lgjf/0f / ;fj{ef}d;Qf cIf'00f /fVg clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgn] /f]s]sf] eP To;nfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ . To;nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ cfklQ x'g' x'"b}g . Tof] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 x'G5 ls ;+ljwfg ;'wf/af6, Tof] t jftf{sf] 5nkmnaf6 g} to x'G5 .

) pgLx¿sf] dfu :jLsfbf{ ;/sf/ xf/]sf] h:tf] b]lv"b}g <

;+ljwfg;ef eg]sf] ;a} hgtf ldn]/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmof xf] . gof" ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu t j}w sf/0f rflxof] lg † To:tf] cj:yfdf s;n] o;sf] c:jLsf/ u5{ < To:tf] s'/fnfO{ s;}sf] hLt / s;}sf] xf/sf] ¿kdf lng' x'"b}g . dfcf]jfbLsf] Ph]08fdWo] Pp6f uf]nd]rnfO{ x]/f}" . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eg]sf] ;a}hgf Ps 7fp"df a:g] xf] . o;df kf"r bn klg ;xefuL x'g'k5{ . ef]lnsf] r'gfjdf efu lng] pxf"x¿ g} xf] . cGtl/d ;/sf/ klg cfklQ ug'{kg]{ ljifo xf]Og . gof" r'gfj lgikIf ug{sf nflu o;sf] Joj:yf x'g' cfklQhgs x'"b}g .

) dfcf]jfbL cfkm"nfO{ gof" ;Qfsf] x}l;otdf s'/f u5{g\, ;f"Rr} gof" ;Qf s:tf] x'G5 <

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] gof" ;Qfsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5}g . gof" ;Qf eGgfn] s'g} lhNnf jf If]qdf k"0f{ :jfldTj x'g'k5{ . Toxf" j}wflgs ;/sf/ k|j]z ug{ g;Sg] x'g'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] em08f kmx/fPsf] x'g'k5{ . t/, To:tf] dfcf]jfbL;"u 5}g . ;/sf/n] gof" ;Qfsf] ¿kdf pgLx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP uNtL x'GYof] .

) pgLx¿ ljb]zL ;]gf lgisf;g ug'{k5{ eG5g\, s] g]kfnn] ;}Go ;Nnfxsf/ jf ljz]if1 Nofpg} gx'g] xf] < ;/sf/n] pgLx¿ u};s] eg]sf] slt ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 <

xftxltof/ ljb]zdf aG5 . ljb]zaf6} NofOG5 . To;sf ;fy;fy} k|lzIfs klg Nofpg] rng 5 . of] k/fk"j{sfnb]lv rlncfPsf] k/Dk/f g} xf] . c+u|]h o'4eGbf cufl8 g} k|m]~r k|lzIfs NofOPsf] lyof] . of] t rln/xG5 . o:tf] s'/fnfO{ /f]Sg x'Gg . /fhgLltdf dfq} cu|ufdL xf]Og ls o:tf k|fljlws s'/fdf klg cu|ufdL x'g'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] of] dfu ;xL xf]Og .

) xfd|f] clxn]sf] ljjfb oxL ;+ljwfgleqaf6 lgsfNg ;lsG5 <

;ls5 . xfd|f]df ljsf; gePsf] t ljs]Gb|Ls/0f geP/ dfq} xf] . oL s'/fx¿ ;+ljwfgdf ;'wf/ u/]/ dfq} klg Nofpg ;lsG5 .

) ;+ljwfg;ef jf u0ftGq ls /fhtGqdf hfg] l:ylt cfpg ;Sb}g <

jftf{sf k|d'v Ph]08f s]–s] x'g;S5g\ To;n] w]/} s'/f lgwf{/0f ub{5 . Tof] Ph]08fdf b]z ljsf; x'g] / ;fj{ef}d;Qf cIf'00f /fVg] s'/fdf s'g} cj/f]w 5 eg] To;nfO{ x6fpg h] klg ug{ tof/ x'g'k5{ . ;+ljwfg;ef t ljZjf;sf] s'/f dfq xf] . >L % af6 klg oxL dhL{ ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efdf /fhfnfO{ g} x6fpg] s'/f t s;}n] klg :jLsf/ ub}{gg\ . ;+ljwfg;efdf ;a}n] cGt{lglxt :jfy{n] Tof] s'/f p7fp"5g\ eg] Tof] To;} lt/:s[t eP/ hfG5g\ lg †

) /fhfjfbL kf6L{x¿ g} /fhflj/f]wL x'"b} u}/fv]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efdf ptf ax'dt x'g ;Sb}g <

/fhfjfbLx¿ /fhflj/f]wL e}/fv]sf 5g\ eGg d ;lSbg" . /fhfjfbL dflg;x¿ /fhflj/f]wL lsg x'g] < sf/0f t rflxof] . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ cfkm" rflx" cu|udgsf] s'/f u5{g\, sfd rflx" k|ltudgsf] ul//fv]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ t hgtfn] g} lg0f{o lbO;s]sf 5g\ . /fhfaf6 k|ltudgsf] sfo{ ePsf] eP hgtfn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ ;fy lbPsf x'Gy] . clxn] t logLx¿sf k5fl8 hgtf t 5}gg\ lg † a'l4hLjL klg 5}gg\ . s]jn pgLx¿sf kf6L{sf sfo{stf{dfq} nfu]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ klg /fhfnfO{ 5f]8]/ hfg] s'/f ;f]Rb}gg\ .

) /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] b"/L rflx" s]n] a9]sf] xf] <

wf/f !@& nufO{ Pp6f JolQmnfO{ k|wfgdGqL atfP/ s'/f ldNg] xf]Og eg] gldn] x'G5 < ;"o{axfb'/nfO{ ;dy{g gug'{, rGbnfO{ ;dy{g gug'{ la8Dagfsf] s'/f xf] . pxf"x¿ klg kf6L{s} dfG5] x'g\ . s';L{sf] /fhgLltdf pxf"x¿ nfUg'ePsf] 5 .

) yfkf, rGb klg !@ jif{] sfndf k|wfgdGqL ePs} x'g\, x}g <

xf] . t/, ljZjf;sf] s'/f cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ /fhfnfO{ ljZjf; gug]{, /fhfn] s;/L ljZjf; ul//fVg] < dfwj g]kfnhLn] h]7 !( ut]sf] 36gfsf] 5fglagdf wf]sf lbg' ePs} xf] . k/]sf] a]nfdf d'n'snfO{ hf]ufpgkl§ Wofg glbP/ efUg]nfO{ /fhfn] s;/L ljZjf; ug]{ < s;/L pxf"nfO{ /fhfn] ljZjf; ug{] < ;fob cljZjf;s} sf/0f pxf"x¿ kg'{ePg xf]nf .

) ljZjf;sf] ;+s6 cltjfbL b/afl/ofsf] 3]/fpdf /fhf k/]sf]n] ePsf] kf] xf] ls <

of] cf/f]k dfq} xf] . /fhfn] t ;a}nfO{ ;/sf/df g} efu lng elgaS;]sf] xf] . cflv/df ljZjf; / s';L{sf] s'/f xf] . cltjfbL eg]/ dnfO{ klg OlËt u/]sf] x'g;S5 . xfdLx¿ t h;/L eP klg of] d'n'sdf ljZjf; x'g'k5{ eG5f}" . of] d'n'sdf zflGt x'g'k5{ / ;+ljwfgsf] efjgfcg'¿k sfo{ x'g'k5{ eg]/ eG5f}" . t/, ;+ljwfgsf] gfddf, k|hftGqsf] gfddf e|i6frf/ x'g' x'"b}g . of] t xfdLn] dfq} xf]Og ;an] b]v]sf] s'/f xf] . hgtfsf] cfjfhnfO{ g} xfdLn] u'~hfodfg ul//fv]sf 5f}" . cltjfbLn] 3]/f xfn]sf] eGg] xf]Og . /fhfsf] bnx¿;"u / g]tfx¿;"u cGt/lqmof e}/xG5 . g]tfx¿n] klg ;f]xL cg'kftdf sfd ug{'k¥of] . pgLx¿n] /fhfnfO{ c5'th:tf] u/L 5'6\ofpg ePg lg † /fhf rflx" xft ldnfpg vf]lhaS;g] kf6L{x¿ rflx" ga:g] † of] b]Vbf t slxn]sfxL" s] nfU5 eg] sxL" g]tfx¿ …gldNg' eg]/Ú s;}sf] Ozf/fdf of] sfd ul//fv]sf 5g\ ls † lsg gldNg] t < o:tf] cj:yfdf ldNgnfO{ s]n] /f]S5 < of] s';L{sf] v]n dfq} t xf]Og < s';L{ t cfp"5, hfG5 .

) of] tLg} zlQm /fhf, /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ / dfcf]jfbL Ps} 7fp"df ldNg] ;"qn] x'g;S5 t <

dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 af/Daf/ oxL ldngsf] x's'd ul/aS;]sf] 5 . s;n] ldNg lbPg t < dfcf]jfbLx¿ clxn] ldNg cfO/fv]sf 5g\ . Tof] ;sf/fTds xf] . Tof] jftf{df oL ;+;b\jfbL % kf6L{ lsg cfp"b}gg\ t < cfpg'k¥of] lg † s'/f ug'{k¥of] lg † afwf oxL" 5 . t/ pgLx¿ cfPgg\ eg]/ jftf{ g} gug]{ < jftf{ x'g] t >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xL kIfaLr g} xf] . pgLx¿ jftf{df cfp"5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] klg e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ . gq jftf{df ePsf s'/fx¿ ;/sf/n] ;'gfp"b} hfnf, sfd ub}{ hfnf . clxn]sf] jftf{df afwf eg]sf g} oL kf6L{x¿ ePsf 5g\ . hgtfnfO{ of] dg k/]sf] 5}g .

) >L % af6 b]pjfnfO{ cIfdsf] n]jn nufOaS;L avf{:t ul/aS;]sf] lyof] . t/, r'gfj t cem} x'g;s]g . /fhf g} cIfd xf]OaS;]sf] t xf]Og <

pgLx¿n] n8fO"sf sf/0f r'gfj u/fpg ;s]gg\ eg]/ g} clxn] dxf/fhlw/fh zflGtsf] k|of;df xf]OaS;G5 . b]pjfhL n8fO" u/]/ g} jf/kf/ ug]{ eGg'x'GYof] . To;df klg pxf" cIfd x'g'x'GYof] .

) dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gf agfpg k5{ eg]/ elg/fV5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ s] ug{ ;lsG5 <

pgLx¿;"u xltof/ / n8fs" 5g\ . xltof/sf tfutdf ufp"3/df uP/ dgnfUbL u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf] jftf{ x'"bf @ j6f kIfdf jftf{ x'G5 . Pp6f /fhgLlts, csf]{ ;}lgs n8fs" / xltof/ s] ug]{ eGg] s'/fdf . oL uDeL/ s'/fx¿ klg x'g\ . /fhgLlts jftf{ u/]/ dfq} nfe x'g klg ;Sb}g . ha;Dd pgLx¿;"u xltof/ / n8fs"x¿ x'G5g\ ta jftf{sf] 6'+uf] t nfUg ;Sb}g . xltof/nfO{ kf/ nufpg ;lhnf] 5 . ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg] jf /fi6« ;+3nfO{ laqmL ug]{ . t/ dfcf]jfbL n8fs"x¿ t g]kfnL g} x'g\ . ltgnfO{ laqmL ug{ ;lsg] s'/f klg xf]Og . pgLx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ xfd|f] cufl8sf] glh/af6 s]xL lng ;lsG5 .

@))& ;fndf ljb]zL ;]gfdf sfd ug]{ g]kfnLx¿ d'lQm ;]gfsf] ¿kdf n8]sf lyP . kl5 /Iff bnsf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g eof] . s]=cfO{+ l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf pgLx¿n] ljb|f]x klg u/]sf lyP . Tof] a]nf # xhf/ d'lQm ;]gf zfxL ;]gfdf NofOlbPsf] lyof] . To;dWo] !*, !( ;o hlt dfq} tflnd u/]/ ;dflxt x'g;Sg] . olb jftf{ ldNof] eg] / rfxG5g\ eg] To; ¿kaf6 tflnd lbP/ Nofpg ;lsG5 .

) Toltv]/ ;}4flGts cfj/0f lyPg . clxn] l:ylt km/s 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ljb|f]x x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf x'"b}g / <

Tof] ;Defjgf /xG5 . t/ ;]gfn] pgLx¿nfO{ 5/L ljleGg kN6gdf /fv]/ ldnfpg ;S5 . sltkonfO{ tflndsf] a]nfdf klg st{Joaf]wsf] k|lzIf0fn] kl/jt{g u/fpg ;lsG5 . pgLx¿sf] ;]gf zfxL ;]gfdf g} Nofpg'k5{ eGg] 5}g . zfxL ;]gfdf cfpg'sf] ;§f j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg rfxG5g\ eg] To;sf] cj;/ lbP/ klg ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . xltof/ a'emfpg] lhDd]jf/L dfcf]jfbLn] lng'k5{, hg;]gf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf ;/sf/n] lng'k5{ .

) cGTodf s]xL eGg' 5 <

ax'bnjfbL g]tfx¿ cnlUuP/ a;]sf 5g\ . pxf"x¿ jftf{df cfpg'k5{ . /fhfk|lt s]xL cljZjf; 5 eg] jftf{ ug'{k5{, ;dfwfg x'G5 . dfcf]jfbLn] klg g]kfndf /fhgLlt ug]{ xf] eg] clxn]sf] jftf{nfO{ ;kmn kfg'{k5{ . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] klg hgOR5f / /fd OR5fcg';f/ jftf{nfO{ lau|g lbg' x'"b}g .

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