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æcljsl;t ;dfhsf ;d:ofx¿ d"ntM cfly{s / /fhgLlts -ef}lts_ 5g\=== ljsl;t /fi6«sf ;d:ofx¿ ef}lts geP/ ;f+:s[lts Pjd\ cWoflTds 5g\ .Æ oL egfO x'g\ :j= jL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf . ul/a /fi6«sf ;d:ofx¿ d"ntM ef}lts g} x'G5g\ . o; dfg]df x]bf{ blIf0f Pl;of g} ul/aLsf] rk]6fdf 5 / To;df klg g]kfnsf] l:ylt ljz]if k|sf/sf] 5 . oxf" clxn] klg k|ltJolQm cfo b}lgs ! 8n/ k'Ub}g . hxf"sf] cfo k|ltJolQm @ 8n/ klg 5}g To:tf] /fi6«nfO{ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg ePsf] dflgG5 . kl5Nnf] tYof+sn] b]vfPcg';f/ oxf"sf] k|ltJolQm cfo ;fnsf] @=#^ 8n/ hlt x'G5 . ha /fi6« w]/} ul/a x'G5 ;a}vfn] lj;+ultx¿sf] y'k|f] Toxf" nfU5 . klxnf] lj;+ult t /fhgLltaf6 g} ;'¿ x'G5 . g]t[Tj -/fhgLlts_ ;Qfnf]n'k aG5 . e|i6frf/ km}nG5 . ;'zf;gsf] k|fb'ef{j g} x'"b}g . kf/blz{tf 6f9fsf] j:t' aG5 . oL ;asf] d"ndf 5 of] c:j:y efjgf h;n] eG5, /fhgLlt, k};fsf] andf ul/G5 . ;Qf / k|zf;gdf lz/b]lv lt/;Dd ha lj;+ult dfq b]vfkb{5g\ ta hgdfg;df /fhgLltk|lt ljt[i0ff k}bf x'G5, d'n's cl:y/ aG5 . dfcf]jfb of k|ltudg of c¿ s'g} klg vfn] v]nsf] hGd x'G5 . d'n'ssf] /fhgLltdf To;}n] dxŒj x'G5 g]tfsf] . To:tf] g]tf hf] :jod\df OdfGbf/ xf];\ / hf] ljutsf 36gfqmdnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg] xf];\ . jL=kL= / ;'j0f{hLkl5 -u0f]zdfghL klg /xg'ePg_ oxf" To:tf] g]t[Tjsf] pbo g} ePg .

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k|;+unfO{ o;/L ;'¿ ug{ ;lsG5 . dfcf]jfbL / s]xL dflg;x¿sf] ;f]rfOdf d/]sf] ;+ljwfgdfkm{t\ ;+;b\ Ao""tfpg] of ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ / To;}dfkm{t\ dfcf]jfbLnufotsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ s'/f sf]/f sNkgf xf], cJojxfl/s x7 xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng / cGtl/d ;/sf/dfq cu|udgsf pko'Qm dfWod x'g\ . oL dfly plNnlvt a'"bfx¿ ax;df 5g\ / ltgsf] oyf]lrt JofVof x'g;s]sf] 5}g . x'g] eg]sf] jftf{df ltgsf] JofVof eP5 eg] zfob hgtfnfO{ klg yfxf x'g]5 . ltgsf] ;dli6ut k'li6;lxt cg'df]bg eP5 eg] Tof] emg\ /fd|f] s'/f xf] . To; klxnf g} df}h'bf ;+ljwfg d¥of] egL To;sf] bfx;+:sf/df h'6\g] s'/f / …gof" ;+ljwfgÚ Pjd\ …df]8]n 8]df]qm];LÚ df ;dflxt x'g] s'/f ;Dej b]lvGg . ;d:ofaf6 s;}n] /fhf, ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx¿ / dfcf]jfbLn] klg efUg kfp"b}gg\ . jftf{ To; dfg]df :jfutof]Uo 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] jftf{ ;/sf/l;t eP klg, dfcf]jfbLsf] cfu|x /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ jftf{df ;dfj]z ug]{ rfxgf eP klg dfcf]jfbLsf] ;'¿ / clGtd rfxgf eg] /fhfl;tsf] k|ToIf jftf{ xf] . jftf{k|lt ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ ;sf/fTds x'"bfx'"b} klg pgLx¿sf] hf]8 ;'¿b]lv g} df}h'bf ;+ljwfgsf] /Iff ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] cfGbf]ng hgcfGbf]ng h] eg] klg To;sf] d"n dd{ xf]– ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;lqmo t'Nofpg' / /fhfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs x}l;otdf a:g afWo t'Nofpg' . /fhf df}g 5g\, /fhgLlts bnx¿ cfGbf]ngdf 5g\, dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf] k|;+unfO{ cl3 a9fp"b} lx+;fnfO{ klg /f]Sg] kIfdf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/ lg/Lx em}" jftf{ / lx+;fsf] rk]6fdf 5 . ;a}eGbf 7"nf] df/df 5g\ hgtf . hgtfsf] gh/df ;a}sf] rfxgf ;Qf k|flKt dfq xf] / /fli6«o :jfy{ oyfy{df log} / o:t} sf/0fn] x]lkg k'u]sf] 5 . /fhfn] ;+ljwfgsf] sb/ u/]sf] v08df, bnx¿n] ;Qfsf] nf]enfO{ TofUg ;s]sf] v08df, dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg;lxt d"nwf/df cfpg] afrf u/]sf] v08df, b]z oyfy{ ¿kdf, l;+uf] /fi6«sf] ¿kdf, /fli6«o :jfy{, /fli6«o :jfy{sf d'2fx¿df hfg ;S5 / /fli6«o :jfy{ x]lkgaf6 aR5 .

cfh af9L / klx/f]af6 w]/} g]kfnLn] Hofg u'dfP . k|fs[lts df/ ca of] b]zsf] lgolt alg;s]sf] 5 . t/, Tof]eGbf 7"nf] ljkbf clxn] of] /fi6«n] ;xg'k/]sf] 5, l5d]sL /fi6«x¿af6 . ef/tn] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g / dfGotfljk/Lt ;Ldf If]qdf af"wx¿ agfPsf] 5 / agfpg] qmd oyfjt\ 5 . xhf/f}" x]S6/ hldg 8'afgdf k/]sf] 5 / nueu Ps nfv dflg;x¿ larNnLdf kg]{ cj:yfdf 5g\ . /fhf, ;/sf/, bnx¿ sf]xL af]Nb}gg\ . ptf ef/tLo b'tfjf; lj1lKtdfkm{t\ ldl8ofnfO{ bf]if lb"b} cfkm\g} s'/f dfly kfg{ vf]lh/x]5 . ;Ldf :tDex¿ ufoa x'g] / Toxf" ef/tLo gful/sx¿ ;g]{ qmd klg hf/L 5 . ptf e'6fg cfkm\gf gful/sx¿ lkmtf{ lng rfx"b}g . g]kfnnfO{ d';f v]nfPem}" v]nfO/x]5 . g]kfn e'6fgL ;d:ofnfO{ ;'Nemfpg klg ;Sb}g, cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug{ klg ;Sb}g . p;sf] b]zsf] af6f] x'"b} nv]l6Psf e'6fgL gful/sx¿sf ;DaGwdf ef/t Ps zAb af]Nb}g / b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;d:of eg]/ klG5G5 . ca Psl5g uDeL/ eP/ ;f]rf}", xfd|f] clxn]sf] /fli6«o d'2f oyfy{df xf] s] <

clxn] of] d'n's ljjflbt dfq 5}g, ljefhg / ljv08gsf] lbzflt/ klg cu|;/ e}/fv]sf] 5 . h;/L gof"–gof" d'2fx¿ p7fO"b}5, h;/L d'7e]8 lgDTofO"b}5, nfU5 of] d'n's c¿ uDeL/ ;+s6df km":b} 5 . oL ;a} s;sf Ozf/fdf x'"b}5g\ / s;sf :jfy{df x'"b}5g\ < of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ clxn] jL=kL=sf] ofb k'gM Ps k6s tfhf eP/ cfPsf] 5 . jL=kL= k|wfgdGqL x'g'x'GYof] . tTsfnLg ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL hjfx/nfn g]x¿n] ef/tLo ;+;b\df ef/tsf] ;'/Iff ;Ldf pQ/df lxdfn;Dd k5{ eg]kl5 k|d jLkLn] 3f]/ cfklQ ug'{eof] . ;+;b\df g} g]x¿n] cfkm\gf] egfOnfO{ lkmtf{ lng'eof] . jf:tjdf To;a]nf -b/af/ afx]s_ ;f/f b]z jL=kL=sf] kl5 lyof] / jL=kL= To;sf] k|tLs . O{=;= !(%( df ltAatsf] ljno rLgdf ePkl5 ;u/dfyfnufot lxdfn g} ljjfbdf kg]{ u/L rLgdf gof" gS;f agfOof] . jL=kL= k|dsf] ¿kdf rLg hfg'eof] / :jo+ dfcf]l;tsf] nfdf] ax; / 5nkmnkl5 ;u/dfyfnufot ;f/f lxdfnsf] cflwkTo g]kfnsf] xf] eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ul/of] . To;/L g} Pshgf ;'a]bf/sf] xTofnfO{ lnP/ klg rLgn] Ifdfofrgf ;lxt Ifltk"lt{ lbg] sfd u¥of] . kl5 k~rfot sfndf ;u/dfyfnfO{ kfgL 9nf]df kl/0ft ul/of] . sfnfkfgLsf] d'2f cem :ki6 x'g;s]sf] 5}g . jL=kL= k|jf; -ef/t_ df /x"bf ef]nf r6hL{l;tsf] cGtjf{tf{df o:tf w]/} s'/f eGg'ePsf] 5, h;df ef/tsf] g]kfnnfO{ x]g]{ gLlt ;DaGwdf k|sfz kf/]sf] kfOG5 . )## ;fnsf] jL=kL=–u0f]zdfghLsf] :jb]z lkmtf{ dfq ;+of]u lyPg . To; 36gfl;t hf]l8Psf w]/} cGt/+u s'/fx¿ 5g\ .

;+If]kdf eGg'kbf{ cfhsf] g]kfnsf] b'b{zfsf k5fl8 g]t[TjljxLgtf xf] . g]t[Tj b"/bzL{ / OdfGbf/ eOlbPsf] eP olt rf"8} of] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf x'g] lyPg . lg/Gt/sf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] d'n'sdf b]zL–ljb]zL rnv]nx¿ a9] . cem klg g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ ldnglaGb' agfP/ hfg] xf] eg] of] /fi6«sf] eljio 5 . xf]Og, ;QfnfO{ clei6 dfg]/ hfg] xf] eg] sf]xL s;}sf] emf]nLdf, sf]xL csf{sf] emf]nLdf of] /fi6«sf] cl:tTj g} s;}sf] emf]nLdf gknf{, gsfg]{ 7fp" 5}g . ;+;f/df o:tf w]/} pbfx/0fx¿ 5g\ xfd|f]h:tf] ;fgf /fi6«x¿sf] cl:tTj nf]k ePsf] . xfdLn] Oltxf;sf] dgg ug}{k5{ .

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o;aLrdf s]xL 5fkfdf Pd=6L= gfy ;f]gfnsf] gfddf …sf+u|];sf] 6'x/] k;nÚ / bfxfn o1lglwsf] …gfufsL lau'gÚ / gOsf] …sdndl0fÚ n]v cfP h'g ;Do'Qm hgcfGbf]ng / :jR5 ;flxTolj/f]wL s'kf]if0fo'Qm ljrf/n] el/Psf b]lvG5g\ . ;f]gfnn] g]sf, jLkL / hLkLsf] sDo'lgi6 lj/fwLsf] lgs} rrf{ ub}{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] s'g} klg ;8s ;+3if{ gu/]sf] / ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf g]sf Pdfn]sf] k'R5/ ePsf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . sf+u|];Lx¿sf] sDo'lgi6lj/f]wL k|i6 5 eg] g]kfnL sDo'lgi6x¿sf] sf+u|];sf] lj/f]w klg sd g/x]sf] klg k|i6 5 . k'iknfnsf] sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkqsf] e"ldsf, klxnf] krf{ / g]skfsf] k|yd 3f]if0ffkqdf g]sf / jLkL sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfb / ef/tsf] g]x¿ ;/sf/sf] bnfnsf] ¿kdf j0f{g ul/Ps} xf] . g]kfnL sDo'lgi6x¿n] sfo{ut Pstfsf] gf/fsf] cf8df g]sfnfO{ ljeflht ug{ vf]h]sf] g} xf] . sDo'lgi6x¿n] ax'bnLo, ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ pkof]u u/]/ @))&, @)!& gf}nf] hgjfblt/ a9\g] sfo{ gLlt lnPsf]n] g]sfnfO{ d'Vo 7fn" dfg]sf 5g\ . @)!%, @)!& k'if ! ;Dd g]kfnL sDo'lgi6x¿ jL=kL= ;/sf/lj¿4 vlgPsf x'g\ . @)!( ;fnb]lv @)$% ;fn;Dd g]kfnL dfcf]jfbLx¿ g]sf / ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf lj/f]wL g} lyP . s] g]sf clxn]sf] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngeGbf klxn] / clxn] klg ;8s ;+3if{df lyPg < s] @))& ;fn, @)!* / @)@* ;fnsf ;z:q cfGbf]ngx¿ g]sfn] u/]sf] xf]Og < @)!$ ;fnsf] eb| cj1f cfGbf]ng s;n] u/]sf] lyof] < @)!% ;fndf r'gfjdf /fhfjfbL kf6L{x¿nfO{ s;n] ;f]Q/ kf/]sf] xf] < @)@!, @)@(, @)#@, @)## / @)#^ ;fnsf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngx¿ @)$^ ;fnsf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng, @)$@ ;fnsf] cj1f cfGbf]ngx¿df g]lj;+3sf] k"0f{ g]t[[Tj / cfqmf]zk"0f{ ;xeflutf lyPg < k~rfotsfnsf cfGbf]ngx¿ / k/f;Lsf] ls;fg cfGbf]ngsf] ;~rfng sf+u|];Lx¿n] u/]sf xf]Ogg\ < @))&, @)$^ ;fnkl5 slDtdf !)))÷!%)) sf+u|];Lx¿ dfl/Psf 5g\ . slDtdf !@ xhf/÷!% xhf/ sf+u|];Lx¿ $ jif{ / !%))÷@))) sf+u|];Lx¿ slDtdf %÷!) jif{sf] h]ndf a;]sf xf]Ogg\ < k|hftGqsf] ;+3if{df olt w]/} alnbfg sDo'lgi6x¿n] u/]sf 5}gg\ . oL ;lxb sf+u|];Lx¿ / ;+3if{zLn sf+u|];Lx¿dfly /fi6«sf] g} uj{ 5 . ;f]gfnn] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 sf+u]|;L bdgsf] kl/0ffdsf] ¿kdf b]v]sf 5g\ . t/, ls/0f j}Bx¿n] o:t} hgo'4 ;'¿ ug'{k5{ eg]/ @)#! ;fnb]lv jsfnt ub}{ @)$* ;fndf To:tf] u[xo'4 ;'¿ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf x'g\ / @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv ;'¿ klg u/] . of] lg0f{odf @)$*, @)%) df sf+u|];L zf;gn] /f]Nkf, ¿s'd e]udf u/]sf] bdgn] £o" dfq yk]sf] xf] . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng s'zf;gsf] kl/0ffd x'"b} xf]Og . ;f]gfnsf] lglDt @))& ;fnsf] /fhgLlts qmflGt k8\sf k8\sfP/ dfq eof] . @)#& ;fnsf] hgdt ;+u|xsf] k|flKt gfª\nf] 76fP/ eof] . @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] kfPsf] ;kmntf k~rsf] km'6 lyof] . of]eGbf a9L b/afl/of egfO c¿ s] x'g;S5 <

pgn] s] klg a'em\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ eg] rfn" ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf g t g]sf Pdfn]sf] k'R5/ / g t Pdfn] g]sfsf] k'R5/ ePsf] 5 . of] cfGbf]ngdf b'j}sf] ;dfg g]t[Tj, ;Ddlt / ;xeflutf 5 . o:tf] cf/f]k b/afl/of / dfcf]jfbLsf] dfq} xf], km'6 Nofpg . of] cfGbf]ng, lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm kl/0ffd xf] . ljZj Oltxf;df k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] lglDt sDo'lgi6 / k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbLaLr o:tf] Pstf sfod x'g' ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ clåtLo 5 . klZrdL ;fd|fHojfbaf6 cfzL{jfb k|fKt c;f]h !* sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] lj¿4 ;+oldt rfn" ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;fdGtjfb k|ltudglj/f]wL ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng xf] . of] ;+3if{n] ;a} ;xefuL kf6L{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf ljutsf sdhf]/Lx¿, e"nx¿nfO{ ;Rofp"b} !* ;"qLo sfo{qmddf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ;f]gfnsf] k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf / ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w h;df dfcf]jfbL cft+ssf/Lx¿ …/fHosf] k|efj k|ltkIfL ePsf]Ú bfaLnfO{ b/af/–dfcf]jfbL u7aGwgsf] dfgl;stfdf a'em\g g;lsg] s'/f 5}g . ;f]gfnsf] efif0fn] Pdfn], g]sf df]rf{nfO{ Ao""tfpg]lt/ nlIft 5 .

bfxfn o1lglwsf] sdndl0flj/f]wL n]v pxf"sf] :t/ g} g;'xfp"bf] 5 . Tof] n]vdf sdndl0fsf] #)÷#% j6f k|sflzt k':tsx¿sf] s'g} ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f 5}g . To;df dbg k':tsfno, dbg k'/:sf/, hubDaf k'/:sf/x¿n] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Oltxf;df u/]sf] of]ubfgx¿sf] s'g} rrf{ 5}g . To;df sdndl0f bLlIftn] /fgL hubDafsf]dfkm{t\ v8f u/]sf wd{zfnfx¿, kf6L{ kf}jfx¿, bfgj[lQx¿sf] s'g} pNn]v 5}g . sdndl0f @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL ePsf] klg pNn]v 5}g . pNn]v 5, ck'tfnL wg / sdndl0fnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ofjt ;flxTosf/x¿nfO{ rfs/L dfq agfPsf] . sdndl0f bLlIftn] ck'tfnL vfPs} xf] eg] s] uNtL u/] < /f0ffx¿n], zfxx¿n] ck'tfnL vfg x'g] t/ hgtfsf] 5f]/fn] /f0ff ck'tfnL vfg gx'g] < of] s:tf] jflxoft / d"v{tfk"0f{ ts{ xf] < ck'tfnL wg kfP/ klg sdndl0fn] h]–hlt ;Sbf] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;]jf u/]sf 5g\ / ;flxTosf/x¿sf] ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g\, Tof] ;fdGtL bf; dgf]j[lQ ePsf] dflg;n] sbflk ub}{g eGg] ;To klg o1lglwn] a'em\g g;Sg'ePsf] b]Vbf xfdLnfO{ pxf"k|lt bof nfU5 . gfufafgsL ln+usf] lau'gsf] rrf{ ug'{sf] oxf" bfxfnn] sdndl0fsf] tLglt/ sfd st{Josf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ h¿/L / zf]efof]Uo x'g] lyof] . sdnhLn] bzf+zsf] bzf+z vr{ u/]5g\ t/ Tolt klg vr{ gug]{ g]kfndf b;f}" xhf/ JolQmx¿ 5g\ . sfd ug]{ ;flxTosf/nfO{ xtf]T;fxL u/fpg' s'g} ;flxTosf/sf] wd{df k5{ / †

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