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;}4flGts ?kdf hgo'4sf] cf}lrTotf, cfjZostfnfO{ xfdL :jLsf/ u5f}{+ . clxn] b]zdf To;k|sf/sf] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ePsf] lyPg eGg] xfd|f] egfO xf] . dfS;{jfbL, n]lggjfbL l;4fGt cg';f/ s'g} klg ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ v]njf8sf] ?kdf lng' x'"b}g eg]/ elgG5 . ;DalGwt ;a} kl/l:yltsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ o;sf] lgisif{ lgsfNg'k5{ . olb To:tf] ePg eg] o;n] qmflGtnfO{ xf]Og k|ltqmflGtnfO{ cufl8 kfg{ k'U5 . t/ pgLx¿n] h'g gLlt ckgfP To; kl/l:yltsf] 7Ls d"Nof+sg u/]gg\ . pgLx¿sf] c/fhstfjfbL lrGtg, clee"tjfbL lrGtg h;n] ubf{ kl/l:yltsf] plrt d"Nof+sg ug{ ;s]gg\, To;sf] kl/0ffd clxn]sf] o'4lj/fd xf] . ctM cfd sfo{stf{x¿df qmflGtsf/L pT;fx hfu]sf] eP tfklg g]t[Tjn] kl/l:yltsf] d"Nof+sg 7Ls tl/sfn] ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . g]t[Tj t xfdLn] klxNo}b]lv egL cfPsf] g} xf] . pgLx¿ cj;/jfbL g} x'g\ h;n] o; hgo'4nfO{ cfkm\gf] e¥ofª agfPsf 5g\ . Pdfn]n] klg o:t} cfGbf]ngaf6 cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt u/fPsf] xf] . pgLx¿n] emfkfnL cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ h'g qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{sf] k+lQm tof/ kf/] To;nfO{ r'gfj lhTg] dfWod agfP . To:t} u/L dfcf]jfbLx¿n] klg cg's/0f ug{ vf]h]sf x'g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjn] qmflGtsf/L efjgfaf6 k|]l/t eP/ hgo'4sf] ;'?jft u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . clxn] pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/n] b'O{j6f s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf 5g\ . klxnf], pgLx¿sf] cfGbf]ng j:t'ut kl/l:ylt;"u d]n gx'g] vfnsf] 5 . bf];|f], k|ltlqmofjfbL;"u s'g} k|sf/sf] afu]{lgª u/]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug vf]lh/fv]sf 5g\ . To;n] pgLx¿sf] rl/qsf] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . of] bf}/fgdf h'g sfo{stf{ jf hgtfsf] xTof eof] Tof] pgLx¿sf] unt gLltsf] kl/0ffd xf] .

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xf] . hgo'4sf] ;}4flGts ?kdf cfjZostf t 5, t/ kl/l:ylt cg's"n lyPg . of] cj;/jfbL g]t[Tjn] ;lxbsf] h'g v]tL u/]sf 5g\, 7"nf] ;+Vofdf sfo{stf{sf] xTof u/fPsf 5g\, o;sf] d"Nodf pgLx¿n] afu]{lgª ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . hxf" klg pgLx¿n] 7"nf7"nf sf/jfxL u/] Toxf" pgLx¿n] ;kmntf eg]/ eGg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/, Tof] ;kmntf eg]kl5 pgLx¿n] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] eg]sf 5}gg\ . ;Demf}tfsf] s'/f u/]sf 5g\ . slxn] /fhf ;lxtsf] df]8]n k|hftGqsf] gfddf, slxn] /fhf ;lxtsf] uf]nd]rsf] gfddf slxn] t cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] gfddf . af/Daf/ pgLx¿n] k|ltlqmofjfbL Joj:yfleq :yfg kfof] eg] hgo'4 /f]Sg] eg]sf 5g\ . olb o:t} xf] eg] xfdLx¿n] pgLx¿;"u of] k|Zg ug'{k5{ ls pgLx¿sf] oxL Joj:yfleq k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿;"u ;f"7uf"7 u/]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug' lyof] eg] olt 7"nf] ;+Vofdf sfo{stf{x¿sf] xTof lsg u/fOof] < jf:tjdf Oltxf;n], ;f/f g]kfnL hgtfn] pgLx¿nfO{ k|Zg ug]{ s'/f xf] . olb sfo{stf{nfO{ e|ddf kf/]/, g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ e|ddf kf/]/ pgLx¿sf] pk]Iff ug'{nfO{ Oltxf;n] d"Nof+sg ubf{ pgLx¿sf] sbd unt xf] eGg] k|dfl0ft ub{5 .

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cfh dfcf]jfbLn] h;/L cufl8 cfpg] df}sf kfP, hgo'4sf] gfddf sfo{stf{ tof/ kfg]{ h'g df}sf kfP To;sf] cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{ sfd /fHon] u/]sf] 5 . /fHon] h'g k|sf/sf] cft+ssf] l;h{gf u¥of] To;n] pgLx¿nfO{ d2t g} k'Uof] . /f]Nkf ?s'ddf sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{x¿, /fk|kfsf sfo{stf{x¿n], ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{sf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ xTof ug]{, s'6lk6 ug]{ sfd u/] o;n] b]zleq c;Gtf]ifsf] jftfj/0f tof/ kfg]{ sfd u¥of] . o;df ;/sf/sf] hgtfdflysf] c? cTofrf/ /fHo cft+ssf] h'g /a}of /x\of] To;sf] lj/f]wdf hgtfsf] h'g efjgf k}bf eof] To;n] dfcf]jfbLsf] cfwf/ tof/ kf¥of] . of] kl/l:ylt tof/ x'gsf nflu d'Vo bf]ifL /fHosf] ?kdf xfdL dfG5f}+ . t/ o;k|sf/sf] efjgfnfO{ pgLx¿n] b'?kof]u u/L kmfObf lng] sfd u/] . pgLx¿n] b'O{j6f uNtL u/] . pgLx¿n] j:t'l:yltsf] plrt d"Nof+sg u/]sf eP of] yfxf x'GYof] ls clxn] o;k|sf/sf] hgo'4 ug]{ kl/l:ylt cg's"n 5}g . o;n] sfo{stf{sf] Jofks Iflt dfq} x'G5, qmflGtsf/Lsf] gf]S;fg dfq} x'G5 . csf]{, g]t[Tjn] o;k|sf/sf] lj/f]wsf] efjgfnfO{ cfkm\gf] cj;/jflbtfdf pkof]u ug]{ k|oTg u/] . pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/n] af/Daf/ qmflGtnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ eGbf klg k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf;"u cem /fhtGq;"u ;f"7uf"7 u/]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug] b]vfp"5 .

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clxn] b]zsf] ljleGg efudf hfg] xf] eg] jf:tjdf pgLx¿n] h'g k|sf/sf] cfGbf]ng u/], cfGbf]ngsf/L ultljlw u/], jf:tjdf hgtf To;af6 c;Gt'i6 5g\ / If'Aw 5g\ . pgLx¿n] aGb'ssf] e/df hgtfnfO{ bafP/ /fv]sf 5g\ . Jofks ?kdf cfd hgtfdf pgLx¿k|lt lj/f]wsf] efjgf lsg < dfS;{jfbL, n]lggjfbL l;4fGt cg'?ksf] l;4fGtsf] gfddf h'g k|sf/sf] gLlt ckgfP, pgLx¿ ju{;+3if{sf] s'/f u5{g\ t/ ;fdfGo ul/a ls;fgsf] n'6lk6 klg u5{g\ . dlxnfx¿dfly cGofo u5{g\ . ;fwf/0f hgtfdfly ha/h:tL rGbf c;'n u5{g\ . o;k|sf/sf] h'g Jojxf/ pgLx¿n] u/] o;n] pgLx¿k|lt Jofks hglj/f]w km}nfPsf] 5 . csf]{, ljsf; ;+/rgf Wj:t ug]{, ofq' r9]sf] a;df cfqmd0f ug]{, h'g k|sf/sf gLltx¿ ckgfP tL ;a} unt lyP eGg] s'/f t :jo+ k|r08n] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] of] /f]Sg] lg0f{o u/]sf 5f}+ . /f]Sg] k|oTg u/]sf 5f}+, eg]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿k|lt o; u}/lhDd]jf/ Jojxf/n] ubf{ hgtf c;Gt'i6 5g\ . hgo'4sf] sf/0faf6 k'u]sf] Ifltsf] lhDd]jf/ :jo+ dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tj 5 .

) bf]ifL /fHo dfq} xf] t <

d}n] dfcf]jfbL ultljlw a9\g' of /fHo kIf bf]ifL 5 eg]/ eGg'sf] dtna /fHo d'Vo ?kdf bf]ifL 5 eGg] xf], dfcf]jfbLx¿ lhDd]jf/ 5}gg\ eGg] xf]Og . pgLx¿sf] lrGtgdf c/fhstfjfb lyof] . l/d;"usf] ;DaGwsf] klg o;df k|efj b]lvG5 . xfdL s]xL ;do …l/dÚ;"u cfa4 lyof}+ . l/dn] pgLx¿nfO{ nuftf/ k|]l/t ul//fVof] ls g]kfn h:tf] b]zdf ;z:q ;+3if{ ;'? ug'{k5{ . xfd|f] o; ljifodf pgLx¿;"u dte]b eof] . pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ lgsfn] t/ dfcf]jfbL Tof] nfOgdf uP . o;n] klg pgLx¿sf] c/fhstfjfbL lrGtg, kl/l:yltnfO{ ;xL d"Nof+sg gug'{ / g]t[Tjsf] cj;/jfbL lrGtgn] klg dfcf]jfbL hgo'4df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . o;af6 k|]l/t eP/ pgLx¿n] hgo'4nfO{ ;+rfng u/]sf 5g\ . o; kIfnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ ;lsb}+g . t/ k|yd kIf rflx+ /fHo g} bf]ifL xf] .

) )$^ ;fnsf] k/flht kIfn] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng hGdfpg e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'g ;Sb}g <

)$^ ;fnkl5 ;Qfaf6 cnlUuPsf] h'g zlQm lyof] Tof] zlQm k'/fgf] l:yltnfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ug{ rfxGYof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;f"7uf"7 logLx¿;"u lyof] eg]/ tYosf] cefjdf tTsfn eGg ;lsb}+g . t/ pgLx¿sf] /fhgLltn] Tof] kIfnfO{ d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ pkof]u ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . )$^ ;fndf sfod ePsf] pknlAwnfO{ vtd ug{ Toltv]/sf] k/flht zlQmn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿sf] gLltnfO{ /fhf k/f:t nfOg /x\of] eg]/ xfdLn] eGg] u/]sf 5f}+ . /fhb/af/ xTofsf08;Dd cfp"bf of] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] k|xf/ /fhfjfbL zlQmdfly xf]Og, k'/ftgjfbL;"u xf]Og a? )$^ ;fnsf cfGbf]ngsf kIfw/ zlQmx¿;"u pgLx¿sf] cfqmd0f s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿ af/Daf/ ax'bnLo Joj:yf vQd kfg]{, ;+ljwfgnfO{ vQd kfg]{, ;+;b\nfO{ lj36g ug]{ k|oTgdf /x] .

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)$^ ;fnkl5 cfPsf] Joj:yf vQd kfg]{ k|Zgdf dfcf]jfbL / /fhfjfbL Ps ljGb'df k'u]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f klg o; ljifodf pgLx¿ /fhf;"u 3f]lift–c3f]lift sfo{ut Pstf ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] eGg} gkfO{ :jo+ pgLx¿n] g} b/af/ xTofsf08kl5 tTsfnLg /fhf jL/]Gb|;"u c3f]lift sfo{ut Pstf lyof] eg]/ eg]sf 5g\ . b/af/ xTofsf08kl5 pgLx¿ /fhf 1fg]Gb| / lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lj/f]wdf uP . xf]n]/L sf08kl5 b/af/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr k'gM ;dembf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 dfcf]jfbLsf] cfqmd0f lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnflj?4 s]lGb|t eof] . pgLx¿sf] h'g zt{ ;f]rfOsf] cfwf/df b/af/;"u ;f"7uf"7 ePsf] lyof] Tof] /fhf jL/]Gb| g/x"b}df cfhsf] lbgdf vQd eof] eGg] xf]Og . To:tf s'g} g s'g} ;DaGwx¿n] sfd u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ xfdL gsfg{ ;Sb}gf}+ . pgLx¿n] Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{sf] h'gk|sf/sf] e"ldsf v]Ng'kb{Yof] To;k|sf/sf] e"ldsf gv]n]/ b]zdf Pp6f czflGt, qf;, cft+s clg h'gk|sf/sf] ljsf;sf ;+/rgfdfly cfqmd0f u/] jf:tjdf pgLx¿sf] b/af/;"usf] ;DaGw k|dfl0ft xG5 / pgLx¿n] c;f]h !* ut]sf] kl/l:ylt Nofpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ .

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afx\o ?kdf b]lvPsf lrhx¿ ToxL ?kdf x'G5g\ eGg] xf]Og . cGt/f{li6«o qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngn] o;nfO{ b]vfp"b} cfPsf] 5 . pu|jfdkGyL h'g e8\sfj xf] To;n] Ps jf csf]{ ?kdf k|ltqmflGtsf/LnfO{ g} d2t k'¥ofPsf] x'G5 . dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] qmflGtsf/L l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df xf]Og cfkm\gf] cj;/jflbtf Sofl/i6 rl/qnfO{ dxTj lbb}+ cfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ h'g s'/fn] kmfObf x'G5 Toxf" uP/ pgLx¿n] ;Demf}tf ub{5g\ . Tof] /fhf;"u klg x'g;S5, Tof] ef/t;"u klg x'g;S5 . h:tf] xfdLn] Pdfn]df b]Vof}+ . pgLx¿n] Tof] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ cfkm\gf] qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt 5f8\g] afx]s sxf"–sxf" s;/L ;DaGw sfod ug{ uP eGg] s'/f n'Sg] s'/f xf]Og . To;dfem ha dfcf]jfbLx¿ qmflGtsf/L efjgfaf6 sfd ul//fv]sf 5}gg\, cj;/jfbL ;f]raf6 sfd ul//fv]sf 5g\ eg] To; cj:yfdf cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f x'g] ;Defjgf hxf" 5 Toxf" ldNg hfg' :jefljs xf] . csf]{, pgLx¿df ljBdfg /x]sf] c/fhstfjfbL lrGtgn] klg sfd ul//fv]sf] 5 . c/fhstfjfbL lrGtgn] ubf{ j:t'l:yltsf] ;xL d"Nof+sg klg x'g ;Sb}g . To:t} xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ …k|fUdfl6HdÚ tkm{ u}/fv]sf 5f} eg]sf 5f}+ . g]t[Tjsf] of] rl/qn] klg pgLx¿nfO{ /fhfjfbL;"u xf];\ of k|ltlqmofjfbL;"u xf];\ glhs agfPsf] 5 .

) dfcf]jfbLx¿ b/af/sf uf]6L ag]sf eGg ldN5 <

uf]6L g} ag]sf] eg]/ eGg t ;Sb}gf}+ . xfdLn] h] eg]sf] 5f}+ Tof] /fhgLlts ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df xf] . pgLx¿sf] /fhgLltsf] nfOg, pgLx¿sf] lqmofsnfksf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f u/]sf xf}+ . uf]6L eGgfn] /fhfsf] Ph]G6sf] sfd u/]sf] eg]/ eGg] x'G5 . To;}n] of] ?kdf xfdLn] eGg ;Sb}gf} . o;sf nflu a9L cfwf/ rflxG5 . t/ ;Dk"0f{df pgLx¿sf] /0fgLltn] eg] Tof] s'/f b]vfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] u/]sf k|To]s cfqmd0fdf s] b]lvG5 eg] Tof] cfqmd0fsf] p2]Zo ;Demf}tf ug{' xf] .

) sDo'lgi6 zlQmx¿ b/af/af6 lsg a9L k|of]u x'g] ub{5g\ < lognfO{ k'm6fpg] h:tf sfd b/af/af6 lsg k6s–k6s x'G5 <

g]kfnsf] Oltxf;tkm{ kms{g] xf] eg] b/af/n] sDo'lgi6x¿nfO{ dfq} km'6fPsf] b]lvb}+g . )!& ;fndf klg sf+u|];sf] 7"n} lx:;fnfO{ pkof]u ul/Psf] xf] . sDo'lgi6x¿sf 8f= s]z/h+u /fodfemLx¿nfO{ km'6fP, xfdL To;sf] lj/f]wdf pleof}+ . xfdL u0ftGqjfbL eP klg xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ljZn]if0f s] xf] eg] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf /fhf cfkm" alnof] x'g a9L k|xf/ sf+u|];nfO{ ug'{kb{5 . ltgnfO{ vQd kfg'{kb{5 . To;sf/0f b/af/n] sf+u|];nfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{ sf+u|]; lj/f]wL h'g zlQmx¿ 5g\ To;nfO{ pkof]u ug]{ k|of; ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . o; k|;+udf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . h;n] sf+u|];;"u lj/f]w 5 eg] ltgLx¿ /fhf;"u uP . )!& ;fndf klg To:t} ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf xfd|f] sf+u|];;"u lj/f]w lyof] . 8f=/fodfemLn] kf6L{df h'g ax'dt u/fP Tof] sf+u|]; lj/f]wL efj'stf lyof] . t/ xfdLn] eg]sf lyof}+ ls 7Ls 5, sf+u|];;"u xfd|f] lj/f]w 5, sf+u|];;"usf] lj/f]w x'g'sf] cy{ /fhf glhs x'g' xf]Og x} . xfdLn] )!& ;fn klxnf g} k|ltudgsf] vt/f 5 To;sf] lj?4 ;+3if{ u/f}+ eGbf kf6L{ ljeflht eof] . 8f= /fodfemLlt/ ax'dt uof] . clxn] klg dfcf]jfbL;"u To:t} l:ylt 5 . 7Ls 5, ax'bnLo, ;+;bLo Joj:yf;"u xfd|f] dte]b 5 . o;nfO{ ;dfKt kf/]/ gof" hgjfbL Joj:yf Nofpg] xfd|f] dfGotf 5 . Psflt/ xfd|f] egfO s] 5 eg] of] ax'bnLo k|hftGqeGbf klg kmf";LjfbL, k"0f{ /fhtGq, clwgfosjfbL Joj:yf cfpg ;Sg] l:yltdf t oxL ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ g} ;dy{g ug'{kb{5 . t/ o; ;jfndf dfcf]jfbLx¿ :ki6 /x]gg\ . pgLx¿n] sf+u|];;"usf] lj/f]wnfO{ dfq} b]v], Tof] eGbf k|ltufdL zlQmn] cfkm\gf] l:ylt dha't kfb}{ nu]sf] pgLx¿n] b]v]gg\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ unt wf/0ffdf /x]/ sfd ub}{ uP . csf]{, pgLx¿n] of] ;Qfdf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu csf]{lt/ b'O{j6f zlQm;"u ;+3if{ u/]/ hfg'kb{Yof] . Pp6f sf+u|];;"u csf]{ Pdfn];"u . pgLx¿n] k|xf/ klg pgLx¿dfly g} u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] xfd|f] ;+u7g ePsf 7fp"x¿df xfdLdfly klg k|xf/ ub}{ cfO/fv]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ Psflt/ u0ftGqsf] s'/f ub{5g\, )$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwsf] s'/f ub{5g\ t/ pgLx¿nfO{ g} k|xf/ ug]{ ub{5g\ . o;af6 x]bf{ klg pgLx¿sf] / /fhfsf] :jfy{df lgs6tf cfPsf] xf] .

) /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ cfkm"nfO{ pkof]u ul/Psf] lsg yfxf kfp"b}gg\ <

xfdLn] /fhgLltdf h'g Tofu u¥of}+ eG5f}+, si6 u¥of}+ eG5f}+ Tof] Pp6f kIf xf] . csf]{ kIf p;sf] ljZjnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f s:tf] /xG5 < cfkm"nfO{ s:tf] lsl;dn] g]t[Tjdf ljsf; u/]sf] x'G5 < Tof] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . h'g dfG5]n] Tofu u5{, si6 u5{, h]ndf hfG5, alnbfg u5{ t/ pgLx¿ JolQmut ?kdf kmfObf x'g], kbdf a:g], kmfObf lng] sfd ub{5g\ eg], o:tf] b[li6sf]0faf6 k|]l/t x'G5 eg] pm s'g} g s'g} ljGb'df uP/ laSg] ;Defjgf x'G5 .

) Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Pp6} sf]6Ldf /fVg'eof] <

Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLsf] ljsf;sf] r/0f ;dfg 5 . dfcf]jfbL Pdfn]sf] ctLt xf] eg] Pdfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] eljio xf] . jf:tjdf logsf] lbzf Pp6} xf] . k"j{ dfn]n] klg pu|jfdkGyL af6f] ;dft]/ clxn] blIf0fkGyL af6f]df uPsf] xf] . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] lbzf klg oxL xf] . sd ;] sd Pdfn]n] t !) jif{ hgtfnfO{ em'Sofpg ;kmn eof] . clxn] dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ;f] e|d lbO/x]sf 5g\ . tTsfnLg dfn]n] hgtfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] h:tf] k|xf/ ug]{, cTofrf/ ug]{ h:tf sfd u/]sf lyPgg\ . hgtfk|lt pgLx¿sf] a9L cf:yf /x]sf] lyof], t/ dfcf]jfbLx¿ a9L cTofrf/df plqPsf 5g\ . t/, klg d"n ?kdf pgLx¿sf] lbzf Pp6} xf] . x'g t dfcf]jfbLleq /x]sf qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{ k+lQmn] klg cfkm"nfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ qmflGtsf/L af6f] ;dfTg ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ klg c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsb}+g .

) xfn}sf] jQmJodf tkfO{+x¿n] b/af/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr dfq} jftf{ eP/ k|ltudg x'g;S5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . of] eGbf a9L k|ltudg c? s] x'g;S5 <

xfdLn] k|ltudg eGgfn] )$^ ;fneGbf cufl8sf] l:ylt eGg vf]h]sf] xf] . clxNo} t Tof] e};s]sf] 5}g .

) c;f]h !* ut]sf] 3f]if0ffn] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf /fhfnfO{ zlQm kmsf{pg] v]n k|dfl0ft ePsf] xf] <

/fhfn] cfkm"df lnPsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf af/]df xfdLn] :ki6 kfl/;s]sf 5f}+ / o;nfO{ r/d ?kdf lnPsf 5f}+ . o; l:yltdf )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwsf kIfw/ /fhgLlts zlQmx¿ Ps eP/ Pp6} dfu{df cfpg'k5{ .

) casf] jftf{df dfcf]jfbL ;j{bnLo ;/sf/df ;fd]n eP/ ldN5 ls ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu n8\5 < logLx¿ ;xdltdf cfpg] ljGb' s] x'g;S5 <

pgLx¿sf] s]Gb|Lo k|Zg eg]sf] ;Qfdf k'Ug' xf] . ;Qfdf k'Ugsf nflu clwstd dfux¿ /fv]/ k"/f u/fpg sf]l;; ug]{, ePg eg] qmdzM 5f]8\b} hfg] pgLx¿sf] k|of; xf] . o;sf cnfjf cfhsf] kl/l:yltdf b]zdf ;z:q ;+3if{sf] l:yltsf nflu jftfj/0f tof/ 5}g . o;nfO{ ljleGg kIfx¿n] k|dfl0ft ub}{ nu]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f pgLx¿n] nfdf] ;do;Dd o;k|sf/sf] ;z:q o'4 ;Dej b]v]sf 5}gg\ . cfhsf] b]zleqsf] kl/l:ylt, cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltn] ubf{ pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] cl:tTjsf nflu eP klg ;'/lIft cjt/0f ug'{ 5 o;sf] nflu b'O{ kIfsf] afu]{lgªaf6 dfq} yfxf x'G5 ls ldngljGb' s] x'g;S5 .

) jftf{nfO{ cu|ufdL agfpg s] ug'{k5{ < /fhf / dfcf]jfbL afx]ssf zlQmsf] e"ldsf rflx+ o;df s] x'g;S5 <

/fhfsf] s'/f :ki6 5 . cfkm\gf] l:yltnfO{ dha't agfpg' zfxL ;]gfsf] l:ylt ;'b[9 kfg'{ xf] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;Qfdf s;/L ;xefuL x'g] eGg] sf]l;; pgLx¿n] ug]{ 5g\ . t/ b]zdf cGo /fhgLlts zlQmx¿ klg 5g\ . hf] )$^ ;fnsf cfGbf]ngsf kIfw/x¿ 5g\ . /, o;sf pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;dfKt x'g glbgsf nflu, /fhtGq dha't x'g glbgsf nflu Pp6f e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . t/, pgLx¿df xfdLn] b'O{ k|sf/sf sdhf]/Lx¿ b]lv/fv]sf 5f}+ . klxnf], ;+3if{df :ki6 / b[9tfk"j{s ghfg] . bf];|f], /fhf;"u ;Demf}tf u/]/ x'G5 ls dfcf]jfbL;"u tfnd]n u/]/ x'G5 ls s] u/]/ x'G5 cfkm\gf] kmfObftkm{ x]g{] . o;df c? eGbf klg Pdfn] cufl8 b]lvG5 . s]xL ;dootf b]lv sf+u|];sf] o; ljifodf :ki6 Pj+ ;xL c8fg b]lvb+} cfPsf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf] bnx¿aLrsf] a]d]nsf] l:yltn] /fhfnfO{ alnof] agfp"5 . To;}n] xfdLx¿ ;+o'Qm eP/ hfg'k5{ . Pp6 c8fg lnP/ hfg'k5{ . sd;]sd )$^ ;fnsf] pknAwLnfO{ sfod u/fpg'k5{ .

) clxn]sf] o'4lj/fdsf] l:yltnfO{ clwstd ?kdf hgtfsf nflu kmfObf x'g] s'/f :yflkt ug{ s] ug'{k5{ <

tTsfnsf] k|fylds s'/f eg]sf] )$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwsf] /Iff xf] . xfd|f] tTsflns lqmofTds gf/f, tTsfnsf] cfGbf]ngdf d'Vo hf]8 lbPsf] ljifo olx xf] . t/ oltn] dfq} k'Ub}g . )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkl5 ;fj{ef}d ;Qf hgtfdf cfPg, ;]gf /fhfsf] xftdf /x\of] o;n] /fhfnfO{ k|ltufdL zlQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] l:ylt dha't ug]{ df}sf ldNof] . To;sf/0f ;]gf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf x'g'k5{ . To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g'k5{ .

) ca x'g] jftf{df x'g;Sg] if8oGqnfO{ /f]Sg tkfO{+x¿ s] ug'{x'G5 <

To;sf nflu t vf;u/L hgtfsf] cfGbf]ng, ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng u/]/ cyjf pgLx¿nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L dgl:yltdf /fv]/ b]z / hgtfsf] lj?4 s'g} klg zlQmn] )$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwsf] lj?4 s'g} klg zlQmn] ;Demf}tf ug{ gkcf];\, xfd|f] sf]lz; To;df /xg'k5{.

) clxn] ;Demf}tf cGt st} e};s]sf] 5, gf6s d~rg dfq} af"sL 5 eG5g\ lg † tkfO{+nfO{ s] nfU5 <

To;} eGg t ;lsGg . t/ lglZrt ?kdf b/af/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr 5nkmn, lnlvt ;dembf/L ePsf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug}{k5{ . kbf{ k5fl8sf] o:tf] v]n /fd|f] xf]Og . o;nfO{ /fhgLlts kf6L{n] :ki6 ?kdf cufl8 Nofpg'k5{ .

) l;nu'9L a}7skl5 dfcf]jfbL b/af/sf] dfq} xf]Og ef/tn] klg k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] Pp6f tTjsf] ?kdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ef/t / cd]l/sf sDo'lgi6 lj/f]wL x'g\ eg]/ s;/L kTofpg] <

/fhf / ef/t b'j}n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf pkof]u ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . /fhf )$^ ;fnsf] pknAwLnfO{ vQd kfg{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ pkof]u ul//fv]sf 5g\ . ef/t g]kfndf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ olt zlQmzfnL b]Vg rfxG5 ls h;n] ubf{ oxf"sf] /fHosf] ;'/Iff Jjo:yfn] lgoGq0f ug{ g;s'g\ / ef/tsf] d2t dfUg k/f];\ . pgLx¿sf] dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ u/]sf] ;xof]u sDo'lgi6 zlQmnfO{ dha't ug{sf nflu xf]Og a? pgLx¿sf] :jfy{sf] kIfdf g]kfndf cfwf/ tof/ kfg'{ xf] .

) clxn]sf] o'4lj/fd b/af/ Pj+ ef/tsf] dfcf]jfbL lgoGq0f ug]{ s'g} rfxgf 5 ls 5}g < logLx¿sf] -b/af/ / ef/t_ emu8fsf] kl/0ffd xf] of logLx¿sf] ;xdltsf] kl/0ffd xf] .

o'4lj/fd, jftf{, Pj+ dfcf]jfblsf] ultljlwx¿ ;a}n] b/af/, ef/t, cd]l/sf cfkm\gf] lsl;daf6 k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] :jfy{ k"/f eof] eg] Tof] ;kmn x'G5 gq pgLx¿ ;kmn x'g lbb}+gg\ .

) b/af/n] cem k|ltufdL sbd lng;S5 eGg'ePsf] 5 lg Tof] s] xf] < b/af/n] cfkm\gf] zlQm ;'b[9 kfg{ ;S5 < nf]slk|o cfwf/ lnP/ cfkm" alnof] x'g vf]h]sf] eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] ls <

b'j} k|sf/sf] ;Defjgf 5 .

) jftf{ ePkl5 dfcf]jfbLsf ;a} jftf{df ;xh} kms{nfg\ <

klxn]sf] o'4lj/fdsf] a]nfdf, klg xfdLn] Tof] kIfnfO{ pNn]v u/]sf lyof}+ . s'g} klg ;+u7gleq w]/} dtx¿ x'G5g\ Toxf" s}of}+ dte]bx¿ x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f oxf" klg cGt/ lj/f]wx¿ 5g\ . To;sf/0f l;+uf] kf6L{ g} ;fd]n x'g;S5 eGg ;Sb}gf}+ .

) dfcf]jfbLsf] xltof/ / ;]gfnfO{ s;/L tx nufOG5, To;n] klg lgwf{/0f u5{ ls <

of] w]/} s'/fdf lge{/ ub{5 . xltof/ gla;fO{sg ;Demf}tf x'g] sd ;Defjgf /xG5 eg] xltof/ k'/} la;fpg' eg]sf] cfkm\gf] cl:tTjnfO{ la;{g' xf] . To;sf/0f pgLx¿ oxf"g]/ cK7\of/f]df km";]sf 5g\ .

) pgLx¿ jftf{nfO{ klg df]rf{sf] ?kdf pkof]u ub}{ ljho k|fKt ug]{ eG5g\ lg † s] Psk6ssf] ;dfwfgkl5 pgLx¿n] k'gM xltof/ p7fpnfg\ <

o;nfO{ lglZrt ?kdf s]xL eGg ;lsGg .

) xltof/ p7fPkl5 zlQm kfObf] /x]5 eGg] glh/ :yflkt ePdf k'gM c? zlQmn] xltof/ p7fpg] ;Defjgf 5 < tkfO{+x¿ hfg ;Sg'x'G5 <

o;n] glh/sf] sfd unf{ h:tf] nfUb}g . xfdL t pgLx¿n] xltof/ p7fPsf] s'/fnfO{ g} :jLsf/ ug]{ u/]sf 5}gf}+ eg] xfdLn] To;} p7fpg] 5}gf}+ .

klxnf] kfgf | ljljw | ;Dkfblso | dgf]/~hg | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f |