sf7df08f}+, df3 @^ @)%(

klxnf] kfgf

jftf{sf] cf/De r'gf}tLk"0f{, ldngljGb' k|Zgdf
;+;b\jfbL zlQmsf] cl:tTjdf dfcf]jfbLåf/f 7"nf] k|Zg

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] cf}krfl/s jftf{sf nflu g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLsf jftf{sf/x¿nfO{ cf}krfl/s kq k7fP/ zflGt jftf{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] k|lta4tf b]vfP klg kqdf lglxt s]xL s'/fx¿n] eg] jftf{nfO{ cK7\of/f]df kfg]{ xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

ut ljxLaf/ dfcf]jfbL ;d"xsf jl/i7 g]tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] elgPsf] pQm kqdf k|wfgdGqL rGbn] …/fh;+:yfnfO{ ldngljGb'Ú agfP/ kl/0ffdd'vL jftf{df k'Ug cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL rGbn] ut ;f]daf/ b]zaf;Lsf gfddf lbg'ePsf] ;Gb]zdf klg …k|hftGqdf dte]b, k|lt:kwf{ / ljjfb :jefljs g} x'G5 . t/, oL ;a}nfO{ jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg ug{ ;a} g]kfnLn] /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|lts /fh;+:yfnfO{ ldnglaGb' agfpg}k5{ .Ú eGg'ePsf] lyof] .

k|wfgdGqL rGbsf] of] cleJolQm /fhfsf] ;bf;otfnfO{ pk]Iff u/L cltelQmefj k|bz{g ug{ cfPsf] l6Kk0fL klg rNg yfn]sf] 5 . s]xL /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx¿n] >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 lj/f6gu/sf] gful/s clegGbg ;df/f]xdf b]zelQmnfO{ ldngljGb' agfP/ cfk;L dte]bnfO{ jftf{af6 ;dfwfg ug]{ s'/f x's'daS;]sf] lyof] . t/ k'; !( ut]sf] zfxL ;Daf]wgnfO{ ;d]t /fli6«o Ph]08f dfGg] k|wfgdGqL rGbn] eg] b]zelQm 5f]8]/ /fhtGqnfO{ ldng laGb' 7x¥ofpg'eof] .

/fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx¿, /fhtGqnfO{ ldnglaGb' dfg]/ cfufdL jftf{ kl/0ffdd'vL aGg]df lgs} ;z+lst 5g\ . Ps t of] dfu{ clxn]sf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf] dxTjk"0f{ v]nf8L ag]sf dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ g} c;xh ag]sf] 5 . hgu0ftGqjfbL zlQm /fhtGqnfO{ ldnglaGb' dfg]/ s;/L jftf{df a;f];\ < csf]{ jt{dfg ;+ljwfg cg'¿k /fhfnfO{ ldng laGb' agfpg klg ;d:of 5 . /fhfsf] 3f]if0ff, /fhf;"u ;xdltsf e/df ;+ljwfg kl/jt{gb]lv, cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg;efsf s'/fx¿ 6'+uf] nufpg] xf] eg] /fhfaf6} jt{dfg ;+ljwfg pNn+3g x'ghfG5 . ;+ljwfg vf]:6f]df kl/0ft x'G5 . To;}n] @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgk|lt k|lta4 bnx¿ o:tf ;xdlt ;+;b\df dfkm{t\ u/L tTsfn r'gfjdf hfg'kg]{ dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljz]iftM g]kfnL sf+u|]; . t/ ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿aLr o; ;+o'Qm ldnglaGb' b]vfk/]sf] 5}g . Pdfn] wf/f !@* cGtu{tsf] ;j{bnLo ;/sf/af6 ;a} ;d:of xn x'g] cfTd/ltdf a;]sf] 5 . b]ze/sf Pdfn] sfo{stf{ hgsk'/df e]nf eP/ klg g]t[TjnfO{ of] c8fg km]g{ afWo kfg{ ;s]gg\ .

;+;b\jfbL wd{;+s6df

g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfåo k|r08 / 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] xfn} hgcfjfh gfds dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] d'vkqsf] OG6/g]6 ;+:s/0fdf JoQm ug'{ePsf] ljrf/n] ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿nfO{ lgs} cK7\of/f] cj:yfdf k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . …jftf{ k|s/0fn] pAhfPsf s]xL k|Zgx¿Ú gfds n]vdf 8f= e§/fO{ eGg'x'G5, æa¿ b'O{ ;Qf, b'O{ ;]gf / b'O{ ljrf/sf] of] n8fO{+df cfkm\gf] lsQf stfkl§ xf] eg]/ 5'6\ofpg xfd|f ;+;b\jfbLx¿n] l56f] lg0f{o ug}{k5{ . b]zdf ax';+Vofdf /x]sf ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf/L -;fydf pTkLl8t hflt, If]q / ln+u_ nfO{ eGbf clt cNk;+Vofdf /x]sf ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbLnfO{ glhssf] ldqzlQm dfGg] k'/fgf] lrGtg sfod /x];Dd ;+;b\jfbL zlQmx¿sf] k|efj / an ;f"u'l/b} hfg] k|lqmofnfO{ s;}n] klg /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g .Æ dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] klg :ki6} eGg'ePsf] 5, æxfd|f] kf6L{n] cfh h'g zlQmsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . Tof] ljBdfg ;+ljwfg, sfg'g, Joj:yf / ;+;bLo ;/sf/ ;d]tsf lj¿4 ljb|f]xsf] kl/0ffd ePsf] :ki6 g} 5 . ctM j}wflgs / sfg'gL cy{df xfdL cfh;Dd s'g} /fhf, ;+;b\ / ;/sf/ s;}nfO{ klg dfGotf lbPsf 5}gf}+ . tyfslyt ;+ljwfg eg]/ rNg] k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf /fhfjfbL / ;+;b\jfbLx¿sf] sfg'gL slr+undf xfdLnfO{ ;d]t tfg]/ d"n /fli6«o ;d:of ;dfwgsf] lbzfdf Jojwfg v8f ug'{ sbfkL plrt x'g ;Sb}g . xfdLn] nf]s]Gb| dlGqd08nnfO{ dfq x}g, :jo+ /fhtGqnfO{ g} dfGotf glbPsf] tYo s] s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5 / < t/ /fhgLlts oyfy{ s] xf] eg] k/Dk/fut ;}Go zlQm ;d]t k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf olta]nf /fhfsf] sAhfdf 5 . To;sf/0f o'4lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmof eGg'sf] d'Vo tfTko{ /fhf;"u jftf{ x'ghfG5 . ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿;"u o'4lj/fd / jftf{sf] s'/f u/]/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g .Æ

g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf b'j} g]tfx¿sf] cleJolQmdf pgLx¿ ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{nfO{ cfkm" ;/xsf] x}l;ot /fVg glbg] dg;fo k|s6 ePsf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . 8f= e§/fO{n] t oL zlQmsf] cf}lrTodf k|Zg p7fp"b} ls /fhflt/ nfUg ls cfkm\gf] kIfdf nfUg cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 . t/, k|r08n] eg] jftf{ /fhf;"u x'g] atfp"bf atfp"b} klg xfnsf] zlQm ;+3if{ lqsf]0ffTds -/fhf, dfcf]jfbL / ;+;b\jfbL zlQm_ ePsf]n] Psn] csf{nfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ s'g} kl/0ffd glg:sg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;df slt zAbhfn n's]sf] 5, Tof] jftf{ cufl8 ga9L yfxf x'"b}g .

rsf{ zt{

o; k6ssf] o'4lj/fddf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cfkm\gf dfux¿ lgw{Ss a9fPsf 5g\ . cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf tkm{af6 klg pgLx¿n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf ljifodf nueu ;xdlt hgfOlbPsfn] pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] Wofg c¿ ljifodf klg s]lGb|t ug{ EofPsf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] k6s pgLx¿sf] dfunfO{ d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿ / gful/s ;dfhn] ;d]t pk]Iff u/]sfn] o:tf dfu p7]sf lyPgg\ . hg cfjfhsf] cfkm\gf] n]vdf 8f= e§/fO{n] eGg'ePsf] 5, ævf;u/L k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnP/ j]kQf kf/]sf xhf/f}+ hgfsf] l:ylt :ki6 gu/L, o'4aGbL agfP/ /fv]sf cGo xhf/f}+ hgfnfO{ l/xf gu/L, cft+sf/L tyf ljWj+zfTds sfo{ lgoGq0f P]g vf/]h gu/L, zfxL ;]gf / cGo ;z:q annfO{ Aof/]sleq lkmtf{ gaf]nfO ;fj{hlgs ;+rf/ dfWoddf b'j} kIfsf] kx'"r :yflkt gu/L / cGo cfjZos sfo{ gu/L zflGt jftf{ yfngLsf] pko'Qm / ljZjf;of]Uo jftfj/0f aGb}g .

dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 k|:t't oL dfux¿ rfgr'g] 5}gg\ . Ps t dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/ / hgldlnl;of;"u ePsf] xltof/sf] 6'+uf] gnufO zfxL ;]gf Aof/]s kms{g dfGg] 5}g . lsgsL jftf{ c;kmn eP/ ljutdf h:tf] Iflt Joxf]g{ pgLx¿ tof/ 5}gg\ . eg] jftf{ k|lqmofb]lv g} ;Qfdf ;dfg ;fem]bf/L ljz]ifu/L ;+rf/df lbg ;/sf/ /fhL xf]nf eg]/ sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] cgfjZos vf]htnf;, 5fkfdf/L, ;fbf kf]zfssf] ;'/fsL aGb ug'{kg]{, zflGt;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug{ lhDd]jf/L af"8kmf"8 x'g'kg]{, j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts :jtGqtf s'l07t ug{ gkfpg] h:tf zt{x¿ yKg'ePsf] 5 .

cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] vf]hL

olt x'"bfx'"b} klg jftf{nfO{ kl/0ffddf n}hfgsf nflu dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿n] cfrf/;+lxtf agfP/ kfngf ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf eg] hf]l8lbPsf 5g\ . ljutsf] cg'ejnfO{ b[li6ut u/L g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gn] cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] d:of}bf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . h;df ;/sf/n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ *, dfcf]jfbLn]kfngf ug'{kg]{ !) / b'j}n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ ( u/L @& a'"bfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ ;d'bfo cGt/f{li6«o /]8qm;, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3, / :sl08g]leog d'n'sx¿n] ko{j]If0f ug{ kfpg] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] ;f] ;+lxtfdf ;/sf/nfO{ zflGt gvalng] u/L ljrf/ JoQm ug{, jftf{ cjlwdf cf:yfsf cfwf/df lu/km\tf/ gug{, zflGtk"0f{ ;ef ;Dd]ng / df}lns xs pkof]udf afwf gug{, lj:yflktsf] nut tof/kf/L 3/ kms{g] jftfj/0f to ug{, /fhgLlts aGbLsf] gfdfjnL ;fj{hlgs u/L l/xf ug{, e'm§f d'2f vf/]h u/L lgbf]{ifnfO{ l/xf ug{, åGå kLl8tsf] k'g:yf{kgf / p2f/ sfo{qmd rnfpg cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .

To:t} jftf{ cjlwe/ dfcf]jfbLn] s'g} lgsfo / ef}lts ;+/rgfnfO{ Iflt gk'¥ofpg, ckx/0f, xTof, lx+;f gug{ / cft+lst gagfpg, cfkm\gf] sAhfdf /x]sf ;a}nfO{ l/xf ug{, z}lIfs jftfj/0f gvNaNofpg, gful/s ;dfh / bnsf lqmofsnfknfO{ lgjf{w ;+rfng x'glbg, zflGt k|lqmofdf cfr cfpg glbg, ha/h:tL rGbf p7fpg gkfpg] k|fjwfg To;df 5 .

dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gn] b'j} kIfnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gnfO{ kfng ug]{, ;z:q zlQmsf] kl/rfngnfO{ /f]Sg zflGt ;+:yfkgdf afnaflnsf, hghflt, blnt, /fhgLlts bn / gful/s ;dfhsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug{ k|To]s r/0fsf] ;xdltkl5 o'4lj/fd cjlw yKg, dfgjLo sfg'g pNn+3gstf{sf] 5fgljg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ b08 / kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg cfof]u u7g ug{, df}lns xs / :jtGq cfjfudgnfO{ xgg gug{] k|fjwfg ;lxtsf] ;+lxtf tof/ kfl/lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf ljb]zL ldqx¿ / gful/sx¿ ;dfhn] of] b'n{e cj;/nfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ k|z:t ;r]ttf klg ckgfPsf 5g\ . olx jftf{nfO{ kmlne"t agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy cd]l/sL, hd{g ;lxt s]xL /fhb't / s]xL dGqLx¿ z'qmaf/ g} lrtjg nfu]sf 5g\ . eg] :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] 7"nf] k|ltlglw d08nnfO{ h]g]ef k7fp"b} 5 . t/ of] b'n{e cj:yfk|lt xfd|f] ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts bnx¿ ;Dj]bgzLn 5g\ t < jftf{ ef"l8P slt gf]S;fg x'G5 s;}n] To;sf] x]Ssf /fv]sf] 5 .

%= k|To]s ljjfbnfO{ b]zelQmsf] cfwf/df ;'NemfO{ cfk;L dgf]dflnGonfO{ b]z / hgtfsf] lxtsf] cfwf/df 6'+Uofpg'kb{5 / g]kfnsf] uf}/jzfnL Oltxf;sf] k/Dk/fcg'¿k b]zelQmnfO{ g} ldngljGb' agfP/ cfk;L dte]bnfO{ jftf{af6 ;dfwfg ug'{kb{5 . PSsfO;f}F ztfJbLsf] /fhtGq, k|hftGqsf nflu, k|hftGq /fi6«sf] ljsf;sf nflu / /fhtGq tyf k|hftGq g]kfnsf] ;'gf}nf] eljiosf nflu eGg] g} xfd|f] lglb{i6 nIo x'g'kb{5 .

— >L % 1fg]Gb|

!$= k|hftGqdf dte]b, k|lt:kwf{ / ljjfb :jfefljs g} x'G5 . t/ oL ;a}nfO{ jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg ug{ ;a} g]kfnLn] /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|tLs /fh;+:yfnfO{ ldngljGb' agfpg} k5{ .

— k|wfgdGqL rGb

dx]Gb|sf] zflns ef"Rbf sf] sxf" lyP <– bdggfy 9'+ufgf

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . dfG5]nfO{ kl/l:yltn] lgs} s7f]/ agfp"bf] /x]5 . lxhf] Pp6f ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xdf ;DejtM cfh;Dd ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ;a}eGbf v/f] efiff / s8f eP/ k|:t't x'g'eof]– k"j{;efd'v bdggfy 9'+ufgf . /fhfjfbL dflgPsf /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6fsf] /fli6«o k|hftflGqs df]rf{ gfds gof" cfj/0fsf] kf6L{n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf k"j{ ;efd'v bdggfy 9'+ufgfn] k|f/Ded} pb\3f]if lbg'eof]– afx| jif{sf] lhDdf lng] sf]xL 5}g eg] d lnG5' . Tof] eGbf cufl8 k~rfotsfnsf] lhDdf lng] sf] 5 < /fhfk|lt xTklQ cfqmf]lzt gx'g' x'g] k"j{ ;efd'v 9'+ufgfn] lxhf] s8\s]/ eGg'eof], æ/fh} eP klg u'0f bf]ifsf] s'/f x'G5 . /fhf klg ;xdltdf hfg] eP hf]luG5g\ geP hf]lub}gg\ . /fhf hf]ufpg]x¿ @)$^ ;fndf dx]Gb|sf] ;flns ef"Rbf sxf" uPsf lyP / clxn] km"lt{ b]vfp"5g\ < /fhf g} clxn] emu8fsf kfq ag]sf 5g\ . /fhg}lts e"ldsf v]Ng] xf] eg] u'0f bf]ifsf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg ug{ kfpg'k5{ . cf:yfnfO{ s]lGb|t ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . ldngljGb'sf] w/f]x/ /fi6« dfq xf] .Æ /fhfn] b]zelQm / k|wfgdGqLn] /fh;+:yfnfO{ ldngljGb' kl/eflift u/]/ hgtfnfO{ e|ldt kfg{ vf]h]sf]df s6fIf ub}{ pxf"n] eGg'eof]– æhgtfn] agfPsf] ;+ljwfg / hgtfn] r'g]sf] ;+;b\ dfq clxn]sf] ldngljGb' x'g;S5 .Æ pxf"n] t hgtfsf OR5fnfO{ bafpg] k|ltk|Zg ub}{ eGg'eof]– æ>L % lqe'jgn] %) jif{ cufl8 g} ;+ljwfg;ef ug{ ;lsg] s'/f cGtl/d zf;g ljwfgdf pNn]v ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] afws sf] alg/x]5 < lqe'jg /fhfsf] pk]Iff sf]af6 eO/x]sf] 5 <Æ k"j{ ;efd'v 9'+ufgfn] hgfsf+Iffsf] pNn]v ub}{ eGg'eof], æ;+ljwfg;ef / ;+;b\eGbf ljsNk c¿ 5}g . /fh;+:yfsf] k/Dk/fut e"ldsf ;lsof] . ca cfw'lgs e"ldsf dfq af"sL 5 .Æ

c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffk|lt Jo+Uo ub}{ pxf"n] eGg'eof], æ/fhfn] ;fx|} z'e b]v]/ u/] xf]nfg\ . sf+u|]; / Pdfn] s]xL xf]Ogg\ eGg] 7fg] xf]nfg\ . t/, pgLx¿;"u cem} klg hgdt 5 . To;}n] zflGtk"0f{ uNtLnfO{ ;RofP/ n}hfg'k5{ . /fh;+:yfn] uNtL u¥of] eg] d'2f cbfnt hf"b}g Tof] a]nfdf b/af/ g/xg ;S5 .

cl3Nnf] lbg ToxL klqsfdf lbg'kg]{ † ef]lnkN6 ToxL klqsfdf v08g ug{ nufpg'kg]{ †† of] ;Nnfx s;n] lbG5 of] klg eGg'k¥of] < s] of] st} if8\oGqsf] k'¿iffy{ t xf]Og < a8f] Jo+Uo ub}{ pxf"n] eGg'eof] .

dfcf]jfbLx¿ klg clxn] /fh;+:yf dfGg], s7f]/ ;fDojfb nfu" gug]{, tfskbf{ ;+ljwfg;ef klg 5f]8\g]df 5g\ . / b/af/;"u ldn]/ cfkm" zlQm s]Gb|df k'Ug] t/v/df 5g\ . t/ pgLx¿n] klg ;f]r] x'G5, jftf{df cfp"bf k|hftflGqs ax'njfbnfO{ dfg]/ cfpmg\ . s] jftf{df ;/sf/ cfkm}+ pleg] xf] t < olb xf]Og eg] jftf{ 6f]nL v6fpg'k¥of] . ;/sf/sf] j}wflgstf kl5Nnf] zt{ xf] . of] jftf{ x'g g;s]df xfd|f cf:yfsf s]Gb| c¿ sf] /xg ;Snf < pxf"n] k|Zg p7fpg'eof] . k"j{ ;efd'v 9'+ufgfn] /fhfsf] sfo{z}nL;"u ;hu u/fp"b} eGg'eof], æg]kfnsf] /fhg}lts Oltxf;df hlxn] klg b/af/n] zlQmzfnL;"u jftf{ u/L ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 / c¿sf] jf:tf ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ c¿ kIf cfqmf]lzt eP/ cfGbf]ngdf pqG5g\ . To;}n] clxn] /fhfn] /]k|mLsf] e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ .Æ ;f]xL sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/sf aLrdf ;xhstf{sf] ¿kdf /+ud~rdf NofOPsf jL/]Gb| >]i7 emfkfnL / 8L= cf/= nfld5fg]nfO{ klg pxf"n] lgs} dgfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] uf]i7Ldf g]kfn /fli6«o nf]stflGqs xnsf cWoIf /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6fn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g'k5{ / Tof] ;+ljwfgdf ul/a b'MvLx¿sf] efjgf emNsg] a'"bfx¿ klg kg'{kg]{ / /fh;+:yfsf af/]df k|Zg p7fpg gkfpg] ts{ /fVb} o'4lj/fd s;/L eof] eGg vf]Hg'eGbf klg jftf{tkm{ nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

/fi6«jfbL k|hftflGqs df]rf{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] …;j{kIfLo ;xdltsf ljGb'x¿sf] klxrfgÚ gfds pQm uf]i7Ldf e"=k"= dGqL bLgaGb' cof{n, dfn]sf 6+s /fO{, 8f= zf:qbGt kGt nufotsf JolQmx¿n] af]n]sf lyP .

Pdfn]sf] cj;/jfbL nfOg

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . g]skf Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zg cGttM dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ k'gM dxf;lrjsf] ¿kdf csf]{ % jif{sf nflu rog u/]/ a'waf/ ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . o; k6ssf] rog;"u} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df g]t[Tjsf] tfgfzfxLnfO{ klg k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ¿kdf ;Dk"0f{ ljsNk v'nf /fVg] r/d cj;/jfbL nfOg ;dfTg k'u]sf] o; dxflwj]zgn] k|efjzfnL g]tf s]kL zdf{ cf]nLnfO{ eg] 7]ufg nufO{ lbPsf] 5 . %% ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf cf]nL kIfw/x¿dWo] cf]nL, jfdb]j uf}td, ljBf e08f/L, k|bLk 1jfnL, sfzLgfy clwsf/L, z+s/ kf]v/]n / 5ljnfn ljZjsdf{ dfq} lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo sfof{noåf/f z'qmaf/ cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ljtl/t s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] gfdfjnLdf g]tf cf]nLnfO{ rf}yf] gDa/df :yflkt ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;qmd;"u} cf]nLsf] kf6L{df x}l;ot ;fkm ePsf] dflgb}+ cfPsf] 5 .

vf;u/L b/af/ / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf km/s dt /fVb} cfpg' ePsf cf]nLn] o;k6ssf] dxflwj]zgdf cWoIfLo k|0ffnLsf] ;f+u7lgs 9f"rfnfO{ cufl8 lnP/ cfPsf lyP eg] dxf;lrj g]kfn kIfw/x¿n] eg] cWoIf kb vf/]h ub}{ dxflwj]zgnfO{ alnof] agfpg] ;f+u7lgs :j¿k tof/ kf/]sf lyP . h'g dxflwj]zgn] ;j{;Ddt ¿kdf kfl/t klg u¥of] .

clxn]sf] t/n /fhgLltdf o'4/t kIfsfaLr sfod o'4lj/fd, to ePsf] jftf{sf] ;kmntf / zflGt :yfkgfsf] Uof/]06Lk|lt ;a}sf] OdfGbf/ k|oTg cf/De x'g'k5{ eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNb} dxflwj]zgn] hgflwsf/ / hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] /Iff ug'{, )$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngåf/f k|fKt pknlAwsf] /Iff ug{ /fli6«o ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ub}{ d'n'snfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lbg lglZrt sfo{ef/ tf]s]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

dxflwj]zgsf] ;+3f/df ePsf] ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] o'4lj/fd / pgLx¿åf/f k|:t't ;+ljwfg;ef, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngaf/] eg] 7f];\ lg0f{o gu/L kv]{/ x]g]{ gLlt ckgfPsf] 5 . vf;u/L dfcf]jfbLx¿ /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/df cfp"bf cfkm\gf] v'§f 8udufPsf] 7fGg] Pdfn] /fli6«o ;xdlt ePsf] cj:yfdf eg] ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o dxflwj]zgn] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwsf] ¿kdf :yflkt hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / k|hftflGqs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu b[9tfk"j{s cl3 a9\g tyf cflZjg !* ut] /fhfaf6 rflnPsf] c;+j}wflgs sbdsf] lj/f]w ub}{ k|ltudgsf lj¿4 cfGbf]ngsf] d}bfgdf cf]n{g ;Dk"0f{ k|hftGq / Gofok]|]dL /fhgLlts bn Pj+ hg;d'bfox¿df cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf d'n'sdf ljBdfg xTof / lx+;fsf] zflGt jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg x'g'kg]{ pNn]v ub}{ xfn} ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f 3f]lift …o'4lj/fdÚ tyf zflGt jftf{nfO{ ;sf/fTds 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} …o'4lj/fdÚ / zflGt jftf{sf] qmddf @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx¿sf] /Iff, /fli6«o ;xdlt Pj+ kf/blz{tfdf Wofg lbb}+ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu l;+uf] d'n'ssf] efjgf cg'¿k ;a} sfo{x¿ x'g'kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbb}+ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ k|lt:kwf{sf] af6f]af6 cl3 a9\g r'gf}tL lbPsf] 5 . Pdfn]sf] o; dxflwj]zgn] k|ltlglw;ef Pj+ :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg clnjDa ug{ hf]8bf/ dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} lx+;f k|ltlx+;fsf sf/0f lj:yflkt hgtfsf nflu k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k'gJo{j:yf Pj+ /fxt sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ ;/sf/;"u dfu u/]sf] 5 .

d'n'sdf JofKt e|i6frf/, ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf] cGTo tyf ;'zf;gsf] nflu ;DalGwt P]g sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} cfjZos ;'wf/ tyf kl/jt{g ul/g'kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg], g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] ;+u7gfTds ultljlw tyf /fhgLltdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf j[l4 ug{sf] nflu 7f];\ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ug{ gj lgjf{lrt s]Gb|Lo sld6LnfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{, d'Qm sd}ofx¿sf] nflu plrt a;f]af; / hLjgofkgsf nflu cljnDa cfjZos Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 eGg] dfu ug]{ nufotsf k|:tfj klg kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . xfn} eLif0f cfunfuLaf6 kLl8t t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] DofUn'Ëahf/sf hgtfsf] /fxt tyf a;f]af;sf nflu cfjZos sfo{qmd oyfzL3| sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{, k"jL{ g]kfndf z/0ffyL{ hLjg latfpg afWo eO/x]sf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ;–;Ddfg oyfzL3| e'6fg kmsf{pg ;/sf/;"u dfu ug]{, e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿ ef/tLo e"ld eP/ g]kfn k|j]z u/]sfn] tL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ :jb]z kmls{g] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ef/t ;/sf/nfO{ cfx\jfg ug]{, :yflkt cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g / dfGotfsf] ljk/Lt ef/tåf/f g]kfnsf] e"efu 8'afg s6fgdf kg]{ u/L nId0fk'/ af"w / /l;ofjfn v'b{nf]6g af"w lgdf{0f u/]sf]df o:tf] sfo{sf] lj/f]w ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / c;n l5d]sLsf] dfGotf ljkl/t lgdf{0f ePsf pQm af"wx¿nfO{ eTsfO{ gbLsf] :jefljs k|jfxnfO{ sfod /fVg ef/t ;/sf/ ;dIf dfu ug]{, bfr'{nf lhNnfsf] sfnfkfgL If]qsf] t'n;L Go"/fË eGg] :yfgdf /x]sf ef/tLo ;]gf Toxf"af6 cljnDa x6\g'k5{ eGg] nufotsf k|:tfjx¿ dxflwj]zgn] kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .

u|f08 l8hfOg SnfOd]S;df k'Uof], ca PS;kf]h x'G5

lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, ;efklt, g]kfnL sf+u|];

/fhgLltsf] d"nwf/df /x]sf kf6L{x¿nfO{ em'SofP/ lgs} t'R5 / uDeL/ cf/f]k nufp"b} cfPsf zlQm / JolQmx¿;"u ufnf hf]8L dfcf]jfbLn] o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 ;a}eGbf 7"nf] rf]6 ;+;bLo wf/sf /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ k/]sf] 5 . ljsl;t gof" kl/l:yltdf t cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] e"ldsfsf] vf]hLeGbf ;+;b\sf] algagfp ;+/rgfdf cfkm\gf] e"ldsf vf]Hg] qmddf /xg'ePsf g]sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf nflu ;d]t of] kl/l:ylt lgs} c;xh k|tLt ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ sfo{qmddf wgu9L hfg'ePsf sf]O/fnfsf ;fydf lx+8\g'ePsf b]zfGt/ k|ltlglwn] gof" l:yltk|lt pxf"sf] ljrf/ sf]6\ofpg] k|oTg ug'{eof]–

) tkfO{+ lsg /fhfsf] olt lj/f]w ug'{x'G5 <

xf], c;f]h !* sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5sf 36gfqmdn] /fhfnfO{ k|ltufdLn] 8f]¥ofO/x]sf] :ki6 b]vfPsf 5g\ . t/ s] /fhfnfO{ yfxf 5}g t < yfxf x'"bfx'"b} u/]sf] eP t /fhfs} lgb]{zg cg'¿k pgLx¿n] k[i7e"ld tof/ kf/]sf] klg x'g;S5 lg † jt{dfg dxf/fhflw/fhn] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf dxfjf0fL ;Demg'k5{ . æk|hf df]6f eof baf{/ alnof] x'G5Æ eg]/ hgtfnfO{ w]/} clwsf/ lbg] s'/f k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] u/]sf lyP . t/, hgtfsf] clwsf/ vf];]/ b/af/ alnof] agfp"5' eg]/ jt{dfg dxf/fhflw/fh nfluaS;]sf] 5 . ToxL eP/ d}n] eg]sf] 5'– jt{dfg /fhf k|ltudgsf gfOs] alg/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ .

) tkfO{+ /fhfnfO{ s] ;'emfj lbg rfxg'x'G5 <

dxf/fhflw/fh deGbf w]/} hfgsf/ xf]OaS;G5 . deGbf w]/} k9] u'g]sf] / ljZje|d0f u/]sf] xf]OaS;G5 . d}n] s] ;'emfj lbg] /fhfnfO{ . hgtfsf] clwsf/ vf];]/ /fhf slxNo} alnof] x'"b}g . /fHo ;Qf slxNo} klg bx|f] x'"b}g . /fhfn] Oltxf;sf] k|lqmof / ;dosf] k|jfxljk/Lt kf}l8g] k|of; ug'{x'"b}g . k|jfxsf] lvnfkdf uOof] eg] g/xg ;lsG5 . dxf/fhflw/fhn] a'em\g'kb{5, s'g} a]nf ;+;f/el/ /fh} /fhf lyP, ca t d'7Le/ /fhf 5g\ . sf]xL klg uPkl5 kms]{/ cfpg ;s]gg\ . Oltxf;n] s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] hgtfsf] lvnfkmdf hfg] /fhtGq / /fhfsf] cGTo x'G5, t/ k|hftGq / hgtfsf] slxNo} cGTo x'"b}g .

) /fhf cem} s8f eP eg] s] ug'{x'G5 <

s] s8f < /fhf clxn] g} ;+ljwfgleq a;]sf 5}gg\ . ;+ljwfgleq klg ga:g] t/ ;+ljwfgnfO{ Roft] klg eGg g;Sg] . x'lt 5 eg] d ;+ljwfgleq al:bg", ;+ljwfgnfO{ RofTg' eGg ;Sg'k¥of] . x}g eg] ;+ljwfgleq a:g'k¥of] . /fhfn] @)$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwnfO{ ;dfKt kf/]/ b]znfO{ k|ltudgtkm{ ws]Ng] sfd u/] eg] g]kfndf /fh;+:yfsf] cGTo x'G5 .

) zflGtjftf{sf nflu ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 ePsf] o'4lj/fdnfO{ s;/L l6Kk0fL ug'{x'G5 <

o'4lj/fdsf] xfdL ;t{stfsf ;fy ;sf/fTds eg]/ l6Kk0fL ug{ rfxG5f}+ . t/ To;kl5 36gfnfO{ glhsaf6 cToGt} ;"Id tj/n] cWoog ug]{ 5f}+ . @)$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwsf] /Iff ub}{ sf+u|]; ;efkltn] df3 ^ ut] u/]sf] lg0f{oeGbf tn em/]/ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf gfddf ;Demf}tf eof] eg] Tof] xfdL :jLsf/ ub}{gf}+ . hgclwsf/ / g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& nfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ kbf{ k5fl8sf zlQm s]Gb|n] ckf/bzL{ 9+uaf6 ckljq u7aGwg u/] eg] Tof] xfd|f nflu :jLsfo{ x'"b}g .

) s] o:tf] u7aGwgsf] ;Defjgf b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <

/fhfsf] lqmofsnfkn] b]zsf] pGglt %) jif{ k5fl8 ws]nlbO;Sof] . k|r08 / afa'/fd;"u b/af/d} % 306f s'/f u/]/ /fhfn] o'4lj/fddf uPsf s'/f kqklqsfdf cfPsf] 5 . x/]s ;xhstf{ eg] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg;efsf s'/f ug]{ ;t{df o'4lj/fd ePsf] xf] eG5g\ . k|wfgdGqL dnfO{ yfxf 5}g ;a} dflyaf6 eof] eGb}5g\ . /fhf af]Nb}gg\ eg] abdf;L kSs} st}af6 ePsf] 5 . /fhfsf] Jojxf/ / lqmofsnfk o:t} xf] eg] @)$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwsflj¿4 ckljq u7aGwg x'"b}g xf]nf eg]/ s;/L eGg] .

) o'4lj/fd s;/L eof], s]–s:tf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5, hgtfsf ;fd' s;n] eGg] < dfcf]jfbL sf] x'g\ <

oL sf] x'g\, pTklQ s;/L eof] < sxf"af6 cfP, s]sf nflu logLx¿n] lx+;f / cft+ssf] pTkft dRrfP, jftf{sf] kl/0ffd cfPkl5 ;a} yfxf x'G5 . jftf{sf] kl/0ffd gcfOsg of] eGbf a9L d s]xL eGg ;lSbg" .

) /fhf / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <

/fhf / dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] p2]Zo g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ t'¿Gt eGg'k¥of] . Pdfn]sf] klg p2]Zo :ki6 ePg . d logLx¿nfO{ p2]Zo k|i6 kfg{ cfu|x u5{' . @)$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ /fhgLltsf] cu|ufdL j6d nfOg lbP eg] l7s} 5 . lbPgg\ eg] yfxf x'G5 oL sf] /}Ú5g\ . s]sf nflu h'6]sf /x]5g\ eGg] .

) ca g]kfnL sf+u|];n] s] u5{ t <

d}n] af/Daf/ eGb} cfPsf] 5' . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf xfdL s'g} k|sf/sf] ;Demf}tf ub}{gf}+ . ;+ljwfgsf] k|ultzLn ;'wf/sf ljifodf xfd|f] ;xdlt x'G5 . h:tf] ls ;+;b\sf] dftxtdf ;]gf /fVg], -;]gfnfO{ /fhfsf] x}g hgtfsf] ;]gf agfpg]_ /fhb/af/sf] ;'/Iff / cGo Joj:yfkg klg ;+;b\n] ug{] b/af/nfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg] . >L % sf] kbjL # hgfn] dfq} kfpg] -/fhf, /fgL / o'j/fhn] dfq}_ Joj:yf ug]{ . sf+u|];sf] a6dnfOg g} oxL xf] . of] eGbf tnemg]{ ljifodf xfd|f] ;xdlt x'"b}g cem} pknlAwsf s'/f x'G5g\, xfdL ;xif{ ¿kdf dfGb5f}+ .

) tkfO{+n] p7fpg'ePsf] s'/fn] jftf{ layf]lng ;S5 eG5g\ lg t <

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ d]/f] k|Zg 5– ltdLx¿ hgtfsf] clwsf/sf nflu n8]sf xf} ls x}gf} < & jif{sf] lx+;f / cft+s b]znfO{ k|ltudgtkm{ nUgsf nflu xf] < /fhfnfO{ tfgfzfxL / lg/+s'z agfpgsf nflu xf] ls hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg / zlQmzfnL agfpgsf nflu xf] < d]/f] c8fg / b[li6sf]0f hgtfnfO{ alnof], ;Ifd, clwsf/ ;DkGg / zlQmzfnL agfpg] lbzfdf s]lGb|t 5g\ . d /fhfnfO{ lgz:q agfpg], /fhfnfO{ ;f"rf] cy{df ;+j}wflgs agfpg], @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] cem lj:tf/ / Jofkstf a9fpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf] 5' eg] s;/L d]/f] s'/fn] jftf{nfO{ layf]N5 <

) t/ dfcf]jfbL / /fhf b'j}n] sf+u|];nfO{ t jf:tf u/]gg\ lg <

x]g'{xf];\, ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;f"rf] cy{df vf]Hg] xf] eg] /fhf / dfcf]jfbLn] sf+u|];;"u jftf{ gu/L, ;Djfb cl3 ga9fO, ;dembf/L sfod gu/L ;Dej g} 5}g .

) @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg ;dfKt kfg{ /fhf / dfcf]jfbL Ps h:tf] b]lvP lg <

crDd nfUg] s'/f oxL xf] . /fhf klg gof" ;+ljwfgsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efs} s'/f ug{], dfcf]jfbL klg ;+ljwfg;efs} s'/f ug{] . u0ftGq vf]Hg] dfcf]jfbL / clxn]sf] eGbf w]/} clwsf/ vf]Hg] b/afl/of zlQm . lsg ;+ljwfg;ef rflx+ s'/f] ldn]sf] 5 d}n] a'em\g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

) tkfO{+sf] ljrf/df ;+ljwfg;ef / uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng s] xf] h:tf] nfU5 <

d}n] a'em]sf] 5}g lsg dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg;ef elg/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f] . /fhfn] t w]/} clwsf/ vf]Hgsf nflu eg]sf xf]nfg\ . s]sf nflu ;+ljwfg;ef, of] ;+ljwfgsf] pknlAweGbf To:tf w]/} s'/f s]–s] 5g\, h'g ;+ljwfg;ef ljgf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] . u0ftGqsf] dfunfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] yf"tL /fv]/ csf]{ ;+ljwfg lsg n]Vg] < oL k|Zgsf] hjfkm ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu ug]{n] lbg'kb{5 ls kb}{g < To:t} uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eg]sf 5g\ . sG6]06 s] x'g] < ;Dd]ngn] kf; u/]sf] s'/f] s;n] cg'df]bg ug]{ < hgtfnfO{ oL ljifo dfu ug]{x¿n] k|i6 kfg{'k5{ ls kb}{g < /fhf / dfcf]jfbL b'O{j6f aGb'swf/LaLr ;Demf}tf x'"b}5, o:tf] kl/l:yltdf ;+ljwfg;efdf hf"bf kl/0ffd s] cfpnf < xltof/ gx'g] hgtfsf] cledt xltof/wf/Ln] s;/L ;'Gnfg\ / :jLsf/ unf{g\ < ;+ljwfg;efsf] cflwsfl/s dfu k|:tf]tf;"u d]/f] cfu|x 5– ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;}4flGts hu / To;n] lbg] ;dfwfgdf pgLx¿ k|i6 x'g'kb{5 / hgtfnfO{ klg k|i6 ug'{k5{ . dfcf]jfbLn] u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg agfpg] eg]sf x'g\ eg] To;sf nflu t klxnf u0ftGq Nofpg'k¥of] clg ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg agfpg' k¥of] . /fhf;"u ;d]t ul/g] a}7skl5sf] ;xdltsf cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;ef eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] eg] Tof] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq cGt/utsf] ;+ljwfg;ef elgPsf] xf] . To;f] xf] eg] To;sf nflu lsg rflxof] dx+uf] ;+ljwfg;ef <

) wgu9Ldf x'"bf cl:t a'waf/ tkfO{+ / k|r08af/] 6]lnkmf]g jftf{ ePsf] xf] <

x}g . d]/f] k|r08;"u 6]lnkmf]g jftf{ ePsf] 5}g .

) u|f08 l8hfOgsf] PS:kf]h x'g] lbg cfpg nfUof] eGb} x'g'x'G5 <

xf] . cfO;Sof] . k|hftGqsf] lj¿4df k|hftGq cfPs} lbgb]lv l8hfOg /lrPsf] lyof] . !@ jif{sf] aLrdf g]kfnL /fhgLltdf 36]sf 36gf / b'3{6gf ToxL l8hfOg cGtu{t ePsf x'g\ . h]7 !( sf] b/af/ xTofsf08 emg\ u|]6/ u|f08 l8hfOg cGt/ut ePsf] xf] . clxn] u|f08 l8hfOg SnfOd]S;df k'lu;s]sf] 5 . cfkm ;] cfkm ca of] l5§} PS:kf]h x'G5, x'"b}5 . oxf" a9L of] ljifodf d clxn] s]xL af]lNbg" .

) cg]s s'/f u/]/ ;Qfdf hfg] bfp dfq ul//xg'ePsf] cf/f]k 5 lg <

dnfO{ ;Qfdf hfg] Ps OGr klg OR5f 5}g . d]/f] Pp6} OR5f k|hftGq /xg'k5{ eGg] xf] . dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ klg /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/df Nofpg] g} xf] . b]zdf :yfoL zflGt axfn ug]{ xf] . t/ /fhfnfO{ eGg'kg]{ Pp6f s'/f 5, Tof] s] eg] /fhfsf] b/af/ eg]sf] gf/fo0flx6L x}g, hgtfsf] x[bo xf] . hgtfsf] x[bodf af; kfpGh]n /fhf l6S5g\ . hgtfsf] x[boaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf] lbg pgL nv]l6g'k5{ . aflxl/g' g} kb{5 . hgtfnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg], pgLx¿sf] efjgfdfly v]njf8 ug{], k|hftGqnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ sfd sbfkL /fhfn] gu¿g\ . h] sfd ubf{ klg of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ 6]s]/ dfq} u¿g\ .

) ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu /fhfn] b]zelQmnfO{ ldngljGb' agfpg eg], k|wfgdGqLn] /fh;+:yfnfO{ ldngljGb' agfpg eg] s] b]zelQm / /fh;+:yfnfO{ ldngljGb' agfp"bf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg e]l6G5 t <

;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg b]zelQm / /fh;+:yfsf] ldngljGb'df e]l6Gg . ;f"rf] cy{df ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ldngljGb' klxNofpg] xf] eg] of] ljGb' eg]sf] hgtf dfq} x'g;S5g\ . jL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] eGg] ug'{x'GYof], /fi6« eg]sf] e"uf]n x}g, df6f] x}g, hgtf xf] eg]/ . ToxL eP/ d}n] eg]sf] x'"– ldngljGb' hgtf xf] eg]/ . hgtfsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;jf]{Rr ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;+;b\nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfp"bf ofjt\ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg e]6\g ;lsG5 .

-wgu9Ldf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 s}nfnLåf/f cfof]lht kqsf/ e]63f6df kqsf/x¿åf/f ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm ;lxt_

ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

/fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf] e|ft[ ;+u7g /fli6«o k|hftflGqs ljBfyL{ ;+u7g ljut s]xL ;do otfb]lv rNb} cfPsf] ^ ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] ;xsfo{af6 x6\g] ePsf] 5 . zlgjf/ g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 nufot % j6f ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿sf] z}lIfs lj;+ult, c;f]h !* sf] c;+j}wflgs zfxL 3f]if0ff, xfn ljsl;t /fhgLlts qmd / glhlsPsf] :jljo' lgjf{rgsf af/]df 5nkmn ug{ a;]sf] a}7sdf /fk|lj;+3n] c;f]h !* ut]sf] 36gfnfO{ k|ltudgsf/L dfGg tof/ gePkl5 p;sf] ;xofqf 6'6\g] b]lvPsf] xf] . cGo ;+u7gx¿n] eg] c;f]h !* sf] sbdnfO{ k|ltudg gdfGg] xf] eg] ;xsfo{af6 x6\g r]tfjgL lbPsf lyP . /fk|lj;+3 gdfg] klg cGo ;+u7gx¿n] eg] ;f] sbdnfO{ k|ltufdL 7x/ u/L ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf hfg] tof/Ldf 5g\ .

To:t} oxL kmfu'g !$ ut] x'g] :jljo' r'gfjdf ;d]t ;xsfo{ u/]/ ljBfyL{x¿sf] k9fOnfO{ c;/ gkg]{ u/L sfo{qmd tyf k|rf/–k|;f/ ug]{ lg0f{o ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . a}7sdf cg]/f:jljo', cg]/f:jljo' PsLs[t, g]kfn k|hftflGqs ljBfyL{ ;+u7g, /fli6«o k|hftflGqs ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw / g]lj;+3sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .

g]lj;+3åf/f r'gfj cleofg ;'¿

lgjf{rgsf] tof/Lsf qmddf g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3n] …hgclwsf/sf] /Iffy{ ;zQm ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng, z}lIfs k|ult / /fhg}lts cu|ultsf nflu :jljo' lgjf{rgÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy oxL kmfu'g !$ ut] ;DkGg x'g] :jljo' lgjf{rgsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] 5 . oxL df3 @) ut] gjlgjf{lrt s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7sn] cfufdL kmfu'g !$ ut] ;DkGg x'g] :jljo' lgjf{rgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfu|Lx¿ kmfu'g ! ut]leq b]ze/sf lhNnf / SofDk;x¿df k'¥ofO;Sg], cfufdL :jljo' lgjf{rgsf] nflu 3f]if0ffkq tof/ ug{sf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ ab|L kf08], k|bLk kf}8]n, ;'bLkdf]xg e§/fO{, afa'/fd sf]O/fnf / :jljo' kl/ifb\sf cWoIf lji0f' kGyL ;lDdlnt % ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . To:t} :jljo' lgjf{rgdf g]lj;+3sf] tkm{af6 k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ pDd]bjf/x¿sf] rog ug{sf nflu tTsfn Ps ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f] ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ s]Gb|Lo cWoIf u'¿/fh l3ld/]nfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/ lbg] lg0f{o klg ;f] a}7sn] u/]sf] lyof] .

lgjt{dfg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf cWoIf ljZjk|sfz zdf{ / cGo ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug]{, lgjt{dfg dxfdGqL Pj+ gjf}" dxflwj]zgdf cWoIfsf k|TofzL ofbj kl08tn] k|bz{g ug'{ePsf] pRr /fhgLlts ;+:sf/k|lt ;Ddfg k|s6 ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t a}7sn] u/]sf] 5 .

a}7sn] kl5Nnf] /fhgLlts 36gfsf ¿kdf ljsl;t o'4lj/fd / jftf{sf] k|;ËnfO{ ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lng] t/ ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ gh/cGbfh / Go"gLs/0f ug]{ b'ik|of; sxL"st}af6 gxf];\ eGg] s8f r]tfjgL lbg] ePsf] 5 . lzIff If]qnfO{ /fhgLlts cfu|xsf] lzsf/ agfpg gx'g], k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] d"n k|jfxdf g} k|ltj4 /xg, aflxl/Psf ;b:ox¿nfO{ k"j{jtM cfkm\gf] d"n3/df kms{g cfx\jfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . a}7s ;+3sf gjlgjf{lrt s]Gb|Lo cWoIf u'¿/fh l3ld/]sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] lyof] .

gf]6sf] vf]6 ;w+}nfO{ 6'+Uofpg] c7f]6

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . gf]6 5kfpg] Ph]06x¿ aLrsf] bfpk]rdf k/]/ lbSs ePsf] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] cfkm"n] 5kfO u/L rng rNtLdf Nofpg] s'g} klg gf]6df s'g} vf]6 lg:sg g:sg] cj:yf ;[hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] gf]6 ljefusf Ps jl/i7 clws[tsf cg';f/ g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g @)%* sf] bkmf !!! df gf]6 5kfO / l;Ssf d'b|0fsf ;Gbe{df lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;lsg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . t/, d'b|f Joj:yf ljefu / sfg'g ljefu ;+o'Qm ¿kdf To; sfo{ut nflu/x]sf] 5 / To:tf] lgb]{lzsf cfPkl5 gf]6 5kfO / l;Ssf d'b|0fsf] sfo{ To:tf] lgoldt / Jojl:yt ug]{ 5 clg gf]6 5kfOdf cfpg] ljjfbx¿sf] 9f]sf g} aGb x'g]5 .

xfn} dfq g]kfn /fi6« a+}sn] gf]6x¿sf] l8hfOg / ;]So'l/6L lkmr/ kl/jt{g u/L 5kfPsf] ¿= !)))÷– b/sf gf]6x¿df k'/fgf] gDa/ bf]xf]l/g uPsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . t/ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] gf]6 ljefusf Ps clws[tn] hgfP cg';f/ gf]6sf] l8hfOg kl/jt{g x'"bf / gf]6df ;xL ug{] ue{g/ kl/jt{g x'"bf s]xL gf]6sf] gDa/ bf]xf]l/g ;S5 . ljutdf klg o;/L bf]xf]/f] gDa/ kf/]/ gf]6 5fKg] k|rng /lxcfPsf] 5 . Pp6} ueg{/sf] ;xL ePsf gf]6x¿ eg] To:tf] 5}g . t/, gf]6 ljefusf k|d'v pk]Gb| s]z/L kf}8]nn] eGg'eof], æ;+s]t gDa/ s'g} klg l;l/hdf gbf]xf]¥ofOsg gf]6 5kfpg ;lsg] l:ylt /x]sf]n] ca pk|fGt o:tf] gDa/ gbf]xf]l/g] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .Æ

gf]6df lk|km]S; gDa/ / gDa/ u/L b'O{yl/ gDa/ /flvG5 . Pp6f gf]6nfO{ csf]{ gf]6;"u 5'6\ofpg] p2]Zon] /flvPsf tL gDa/x¿ Pp6} l8hfOg / Pp6} ue{g/n] ;xL u/]sf] gf]6df bf]xf]l/g uP 5'6\ofpg ;lsb}+g . t/ x:tfIf/ ug]{ ueg{/ / l8hfOg kl/jt{g eP rflx+ ;lhn} 5'6\ofpg ;lsG5 . / gf]6sf] Joj:yfkgdf, -d'b|f k|jfx Joj:yfkgdf_ o;n] ;d:of ;[hgf ub}{g .

"An overview of Nepalese paper Money" gfds k':tsdf hoxl/ emfn] pNn]v ug'{eP cg';f/ lj=;+= @)@& ;fndf ue{g/ 8f= ofbjk|;fb kGtsf] x:tfIf/ ePsf] ¿= % b/sf gf]6 s ! b]lv s @) lk|km]S; gDa/ lbOof] / @)#! df s'nz]v/ zdf{ ue{g/ x'"bf s ! b]lv s %) ;Dd lk|km]S; gDa/ ePsf ToxL b/sf gf]6 k'gM 5flkof] . o;/L s ! b]lv s @) lk|km]S; gDa/sf gf]6 bf]xf]l/P . To;/L g} 8f= kGtsf] kfnfdf ¿= !) sf b/sf gf]6df klg s ! b]lv s $) lk|km]S; /flvof] . s'nz]v/ zdf{ ue{g/ ePkl5 s ! b]lv s &% lk|km]S;sf ;f]xL b/sf gf]6x¿ 5fk]/ k|rngdf NofOof] . s'nz]v/ zdf{ ue{g/ 5"bf @)#$ ;fndf 5flkPsf %) sf b/sf gf]6df s ! b]lv s !@ lk|km]S; /flvof] . t/, @)$) ;fndf sNof0f ljqmd clwsf/L ue{g/ x'"bf s ! b]lv s @) lk|km]S; gDa/ ePsf ToxL b/sf gf]6 k'gM lgisf;g ul/of] .

pQm k':tsdf lbPsf] ljj/0fdf ¿= !)) b/sf gf]6df klg lk|km]S; gDa/ t]x]l/P/ 5flkPsf] 5 . lxdfno zdz]/ ha/f ue{g/ /x"bf @)!^ ;fndf c ! lk|km]S;sf gf]6 lgisfzg eP . @)@& ;fndf 8f= ofbjk|;fb kGt ue{g/ x'"bf klg c ! b]lv # lk|km]S; /fvL ;f]xL b/sf gf]6 lgisfzg ul/of] . sNof0fljqmd clwsf/L ue{g/ cfPkl5 c ! b]lv c #) lk|km]S; /fvL ¿= !)) b/s} gf]6x¿ lgisfzg u/L rngdf NofOP .

g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] pRr ;"qn] hgfPcg';f/ c9fO jif{nfO{ k'Ug] k|To]s b/sf gf]6x¿ :6s /fVgkg]{ x'G5 . g]kfndf jif]{gL ¿= !))) b/sf ! s/f]8 %) nfv yfg gf]6 vkt x'G5g\ . / c9fO jif{sf] nflu # s/f]8 %) nfv yfg rflxG5 . of] k6s a+}sn] ¿= !))) b/sf %) nfv yfgdfq gf]6 5kfO u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}+s clxn] kf]lnd/ / sfuhL gf]6 5fKg] Ph]G6x¿sf] bfpk]rdf k/]sf] 5 . gf]6 ljefusf lhDd]jf/ clws[tsf cg';f/ pgLx¿ clws kf/bzL{ x'g vf]Hb}5g\ . ¿= % b/sf sfuhL gf]6x¿ sd;n e]l6Pkl5 xfn} dfq g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] gf]6 5fKg] sDkgL l8nf¿nfO{ tL gf]6 k'gM 5fKg afWo agfof] . o:tf] ubf{ sDkgLnfO{ ¿= !) s/f]8 yk Jooef/ k/]sf] atfOG5 .

cbfntåf/f sd{rf/L a9'jfdf /f]s

k|bLk kf]v/]n

;f"em–laxfg gegL jiff}{"b]lv lj/fdLsf] ;]jf ub}{ cfO/x]sf :jf:Yo ;]jf ;d"xsf sd{rf/Lx¿ cfGtl/s a9'jfsf] lvrnf]df g/fd|/L km:g] ePsf 5g\ .

dGqfnosf] x]nr]qm\ofO"n] tflnd k|fKt / jl/i7 sd{rf/Lx¿sf] a9'jf geO{ h'lgo/x¿sf] a9'jf x'g;Sg] ;+efjgfn] oltv]/ :jf:Yo;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿ ql;t ePs} a]nf cbfntn] a9'jf k|lqmofnfO{ /f]Ssf ul/lbPsf] 5 .

:jf:Yo dGqfnosf] dfu cg';f/ nf]s;]jf cfof]un] d+;L/ @% ut] ljleGg lsl;dsf $& j6f lj1fkgx¿dfkm{t\ ! ;o $( kbsf nflu sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df a9'jf ug]{ u/L ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs u¥of] . dGqfnosf] clen]v k|0ffnL /fd|f] gePsf]n] jl/i7 JolQmx¿ cfj]bg ug{ gkfpg] cj:yfdf k'Ug] / slgi7x¿ a9'jf x'g] ;+efjgf a9]kl5 hg/n gl;{ª ;d"xsf] ;ftf}" txdf sfd ug]{ Ps g;{n] ;jf]{Rrdf ph'/L ul/g\ . ;jf]{Rrn] tTsfn a9'jf gug{sf nflu / t'¿Gt lnlvt hjfkm k7fpgsf nflu :jf:Yo dGqfno, dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno / nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] gfddf s]xL lbg cufl8 dfq} l/6 hf/L u/]sf] 5 . hf/L ul/Psf] l/6df lnlvt hjfkm cfPkl5 dfq cbfntn] lg0f{o lbg] x'"bf ;f] lg0f{o gkfP;Dd o;;DaGwL s'g} sfdsf/jfxL cl3 ga9fpg elgPsf] 5 . tL g;{n] dGqfnon] cfkm"x¿ dfly cGofo u/]sf] / ;dodf g} k|lqmof k'Ubfk'Ub} ;ftf}" txaf6 cf7f}" txdf a9'jf gu/]sf], dGqfnon] ;]jfdf kl/jt{g u/fP klg btf{ kmfOndf gr9fPsf]n] w]/} sd{rf/Lx¿ df/df kg]{ ePsf]n] ;xL lg0f{o u/fpgsf nflu cbfnt ;dIf ph'/L u/]sL lyOg\ . 8fS6/x¿nfO{ Pd=aL=aL=P;= ug{ k7fp"bf sfd u/]sf] ;d"xdf btf{ gu/fp"bf g} clxn]sf] d"n ;d:of b]vf k/]sf] xf] . sltko 8fS6/x¿sf] ;'¿df btf{ Psflt/ eP klg clxn] sfd csf{lt/ x'"bf d"Nof+sgdf pgLx¿n] b'j}lt/sf] ;]jf cjlw hf]8\g gkfp"bf dsf{df k/]sf] x'g ;Sg] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf k|jQmf afa'/fd ;fksf]6fsf] 5 .

dGqfnon] pDd]bjf/x¿sf] btf{ klxn]b]lv g} ldnfP/ k]z u/]sf] eP lg0f{o ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] . t/, dGqfnon] g} ;xL ¿kdf lg0f{o gugf{n] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] a9'jf ;ldlt cK7]/f]df k/]sf] 5 . ;"qsf] ts{ 5, clxn] nf]s;]jf cfof]udf cfPsf clwsf+z kmfOnx¿ btf{sf] ;d:of gldNgfn] h'lgo/ a9'jf x'g] a9L ;Defjgf a9]sf] 5 . t/, olb o;/L a9'jf ubf{ klg nf]s;]jfnfO{ eGbf klg :jf:Yo dGqfnonfO{ c;/ k'Ug] / ef]lnsf lbgdf lrlsT;sx¿n] oxL ljifo p7fP/ ;8sdf pqg ;Sg] hf]lvd klg 5 .

h'g a]nfdf sfddf v6fOPsf] xf] Tof] lbg g} ;d"lxs[t gubf{ of] hl6ntf cfPsf] bfjL nf]s;]jfsf clws[tx¿sf] 5 . :jf:Yo dGqfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿ lgo'lQm x'"bf klxnf hg/n x]Nydf egf{ x'G5g\ / To;kl5 dfq ljleGg kbdf a9'jf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

sfo{Ifdtf d"Nof+sgåf/f k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ elgPsf] @)%( ;fn c;f/ d;fGt ;Dddf :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf @^ / :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% sf] lgod ^( adf]lhd ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]x¿n] @)%( k'; #) ut];Dddf b/vf:t lbgsf nflu cfx\jfg u/]sf] lyof] . pQm dfu cg';f/ P3f/f}" txsf nflu $@ hgf / gjf}" txsf nflu ! ;o & hgfsf] dfu ul/Psf] lyof] .

pQm dfukl5 ;ftf}" txsf clwsf+z JolQmx¿n] gjf}" txdf a9'jf x'gsf nflu kmd{ a'emfpg sf]lz; u/]kl5 nf]s;]jfn] lgodtM gldNg] egL kmfOn a'em]gg\ . clg cbfntdf d'2f k¥of] . d'2f xfNg]x¿sf] ts{ 5, ;ftf}" txdf sfd u/]sf] a9Ldf # jif{ jf df:6/ l8u|L u/]kl5 cf7f}" txdf dGqfnon] g} :ki6 a9'jf ug'{k5{ . t/ Tof] gu/Lsg cfkm"x¿nfO{ jiff}{"b]lv jfOkf; u/L h'lgo/nfO{ a9'jf ug{ nfu] .

nf]s;]jfn] z'qmjf/ g} ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lnlvt hjfkm k7fPsf] 5 eg] dGqfnosf k|jQmf 8f=a]gLaxfb'/ sfsL{n] clxn];Dd cfkm"nfO{ yfxf gePsf] atfpg'eof] .

b/af/ c;Ifd ;fljt ePsf] 5

bLKtk|sfz zfx

clxn] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr o'4lj/fd ePsf] elgPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ b'O{ lsl;daf6 x]g'{kb{5 . o'4lj/fd vf;u/L b'O{j6f o'4/t kIfaLr x'g] u5{ . cGt/f{li6«o lgod cg';f/ o'4/t kIfsf] dfGotf k|fKt ug{ s]xL e"–efu sAhfdf /fv]sf], cnu em08f k|of]u u/]sf], cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf cg';f/ xltof/ p7fPsf] Pj+ cfkm\gf] cnu sfljn ;/sf/ :yflkt u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . o:tf] l:yltdf dfq} pgLx¿nfO{ ljb|f]xLsf] ¿kdf dfGotf lbg] ul/G5 . ;g\ !($( sf] h]g]ef ;Demf}tf cg';f/ oL s'g} s'/f geP klg olb s'g} o'4/t kIf, cft+sjfbL of o:t} cGo s'g} ;dfltof] eg] klg pgLx¿nfO{ Go"gtd dfgjLo Jojxf/ ul/g'k5{ .

xfd|f] b]zdf & jif{b]lv dfcf]jfbLsf] slyt hgo'4n] ljb|f]xLsf] s'g} klg ljz]iftf u|x0f gu/]sf] eP klg ;/sf/n] ljb|f]xLsf] dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . o;af6 pgLx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] x}l;oteGbf a9L cf}sft lbPsf] 5 . o;sf] k5fl8 zflGt;'/Iff lgoGq0f ug{ g;s]sf]n] jf ljb]zLsf] k|efj kf/]/ lbPsf] x'g;S5 . ljb|f]xLx¿ ;fdfGotofM Pp6f på]Zo lnP/ o'4 n8]sf x'G5g\ . cfkm\gf] e"–efu v8f ug]{ cyjf hftLo e"–efu v8f ubf{ o:t} x'G5 . t/, g]kfndf Pp6f :ki6 ;+ljwfg lyof] . To;sf] k|:tfjgfdf nlvPsf] s'/f afx]s c¿ s'/f ;a} kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsGYof] . hgtfsf] dg lht]/ h] klg ug{ ;lsGYof] . h'g ljb|f]x dfcf]jfbLaf6 eof] Tof] x]bf{ cfkm}+df /x:odo b]lvG5 . of] t xfd|f] sdhf]/L klg xf] . cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ;'/Iff cfkm}+n] lbg ;s]gf}+ . of] afx\o–cfGtl/s if8\oGqsf] kl/0ffd xf] . of] jf:tjdf k|hftGq lj¿4sf] if8\oGq xf] . ;+ljwfgtM ;a}yf]s x'g;SYof] eg] lsg o'4 ug'{k¥of] < To;}n] of] k|hftGq lj¿4sf] if8\oGq xf] .

o; k|hftGqlj¿4sf] if8\oGqdf ljleGg lsl;dsf zlQmx¿ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . ;+;f/df s'g} klg o'4 cfkm\g} ana'tfaf6 lhTg ;lsb}+g . g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] k|]/0ffsf ¿kdf /Ld=, kL=8ANo"=hL=sf] k|]/0ff ePsf] dflgG5 . o'4 ;kmn x'gsf nflu ljb]zL ;xof]u cyf{t\ …k|f]G;L jf/Ú cToGt h¿/L x'G5 . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt cl:y/ agfpgsf nflu ef/tsf] gLlt cg'¿k klg dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x ;+rfng x'g;Sg] b]lvG5 . ))& ;fn kms{g] xf] eg] Toltv]/sf] dxTjk"0f{ zlQm g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ lbNnL ;Demf}tfdf wf]sf lbg] sfd ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ /f0ffsf] cwLgdf a:g afWo u/fOof] .

csf]{lt/ b/af/n] sf+u]|];nfO{ ;vfk kfg{ dfcf]jfbL k|of]u u/]df b/af/sf] k|hftGq ;vfk kfg]{ dg;fo t xf]Og xf]nf . lsgeg] k|hftGq ;vfk kf/]/ clxn] s'g} klg zf;s l6Sg ;Sb}g . b/af/leqsf] k|zf;gdf cs}{ zlQmsf] 3';k}7 5 . h'g /fd|f] s'/f xf]Og . ha xf]n]/L sf08 eof] To;a]nf ePsf] jf:tljstf lsg atfpg ;Sg'ePg < o;n] bnx¿df klg 3';k}7 ePsf] k|dfl0ft ub{5 . kl5 b]pjfhL cfpg'eof] . pxf"n] cfkm"nfO{ /fhfsf] ;dy{g 5, d}n] ;w}+el/ zf;g rnfO{ /fVg ;S5' eGg'eof] . /, c;+j}wflgs sfd ug{'eof] .

r'gfj ^ dlxgfeGbf nfdf] cjlw nDAofpg gx'g]df ! jif{eGbf a9L a9fpg] l;kmfl/; ug'{eof] . Pdfn] nufotsf bnx¿n] o;df ;dy{g klg u/] . o;af6 /fhfnfO{ d}n] rfx] h] klg ug{ kfp"5' eGg] nfUof] . if8\oGq oxf"af6 eof] / b]pjfhL kmflng'eof], c;Ifdsf] …n]anÚ nfu]/ . To;df jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf JolQmut sdLsdhf]/L eg] 5g\ . b/af/df k|zf;g rnfpg] ;+oGqdf ljb]zL zlQm xfjL 5 . h;n] g]kfnsf] l:y/tfnfO{ cufl8 a9]sf] b]Vg rfxb}+g . h:t} g]kfnsf] ef/t;"usf] ;Ldfgf lgoldt xf];\ eGg] rfxgf g]kfnLsf] 5 . t/, of] rfxgf s'g} klg xfntdf k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; v'nf ;Ldfgfsf sf/0f ef/tn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ bafpg hlt ;xof]u u/] klg jf:tjdf dfcf]jfbLx¿ pgLx¿n] g} ;xof]u u/]sf] tTj xf] eg]/ Psyl/ eGb} cfPsf 5g\ . Tolt dfq} xf]Og, clxn]sf] o'4lj/fdsf] k|;+udf g]kfndf cfp"b} u/]sf] xftxltof/x¿ ef/tdf k|j]z u5{ eGg] ef/tsf] /fo b]lvG5 . ;]K6]Da/ !! kl5sf] cft+sjfbL lj/f]wL o'4sf] qmddf g]kfndf cfPsf] xltof/n] g]kfn ;';lHht x'g glbg] if8\oGq xf] . oxf"sf] sd{rf/LtGqn] /fhfnfO{ pS;fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . cfheGbf *–( jif{ cufl8b]lv g} #%-@_ cg';f/sf] zlQmsf] k|of]usf] åGå cufl8 a9]s} xf] . k|hftGqsf kIfw/x¿n] klg k6sk6s …ljlwsf] zf;gÚ nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ uPsf x'g\ . b/afl/of tTjx¿n] pgLx¿sf oL ultljlwnfO{ x]b}{ uP . /, d]/f] kfnfdf h] eof] Tof] uDeL/ lyof] . 7Ls 5, /fhfn] rfx]gg\ eg] /fhLgfdf dfUg' :jefljs lyof], t/ ;+j}wflgstf x'g'kb{Yof] .

bLKtk|sfz JolQm t s]xL klg xf]Og . Toltv]/ k/LIf0fsf] ¿kdf ;+ljwfg pNn+3g ul/Psf] lyof] . kf6L{x¿sf] k|ltlqmof a'em\g ul/Psf] sbd eP tfklg kf6L{x¿n] s]xL klg k|ltlqmof hgfPgg\ . o;n] /fhfnfO{ u}/;+j}wflgs sfd ug{ xf};nf a9\b} uPsf] lyof] . Tolt dfq} geP/ ljb]zL /fi6« hf] k|hftGq Pj+ dfgjclwsf/sf lxdfotLx¿ 7fG5g\, n] klg /fhfsf] o:tf] ultljlwk|lt s]xL k|ltlqmof hgfPgg\ . /fhf ca t olt r/ddf k'lu;s] ls of] eGbf a9L ug]{ 7fp" 5}g . clxn] ;+ljwfgljxLg cj:yf 5 . tfklg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/fsf] k|of]u ug{ 5f]l8Psf] 5}g . wf/f !@& elg/flvPsf] 5, t/ vf]O{ !@& clxn] . /fhgLlts bnx¿ o;nfO{ ;b/ ug{ pBt b]lvG5g\ . pgLx¿ ;efd'v, /fli6«o ;efsf cWoIfx¿ nufotsf cfkm\gf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ lsg lkmtf{ af]nfp"b}gg\ <

clxn] dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ ug]{ elgPsf] 5, t/ dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ ug]{ clwsf/ g} 5}g . of] jftf{ wf]sf x'G5 . ef]ln dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g} wf]sf x'G5 . of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] ;/sf/ g} xf]Og . hf] kfof] ToxLnfO{ l6k]/ NofPsf] dfG5]n] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ ;/sf/ aG5 < v} hgtfsf] efjgf ldNg] ;/sf/ < clxn] stf slt b/af/ dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ ug{ vf]h]sf] klg ;'lgb}+ cfPsf] 5 . t/, Tof] x'g} ;Sb}g . of] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ clxn] ;+j}wflgs /fhf klg 5}gg\, ha of] ;+ljwfgaf6 dfly u};Sof] ls jftf{nfO{ j}wflgstf lbg s'g} Pp6f zlQmn] )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cab]lv nfu" x'g;Sg] 5}g eg]/ 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg'k¥of] / Tof] adf]lhdsf] jftf{ sld6L u7g ug'{k¥of] . clg dfq} To;sf] ;+j}wflgstf x'G5 . gq )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg aflx/af6 cfPsf] ;/sf/n] u/]sf] jftf{ s;/L ;+j}wflgs x'G5 < clxn]sf] kl/b[Zodf b/af/n] /fhgLltdf ljz]if rf;f] b]vfPsf] 5 . eGgsf nflu t b]zdf zflGt ;'Joj:yf Nofpg] eGg] s'/f cufl8 ;fl/Psf] 5 . t/, Jojxf/df eg] Tof] b]lvb}+g . /fhfn] eGgsf nflu h] eg] klg /fhfnfO{ Tof] ug{ lbOb+}g . jL=kL=;"u} y'lgP/ /fhf dx]Gb|sf nflu ;L=cfO{=8L= sf] e"ldsf v]Ng] dflg;x¿ b/af/sf glhs 5g\ . pgLx¿n] /fhfnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] OG6«]:6 eg]sf] rflx+ k|hftGqnfO{ sdhf]/ u/fp"b} cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ xf] . o:tf k|j[lQnfO{ b/af/n] klg lrGg ;s]sf] 5}g . o; cy{df b/af/ klg c;Ifd ;fljt ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf k|d'v tTjx¿df leqsf eGbf aflx/sf tTjx¿ xfjL x'"b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . df]xg zDz]/n] /fhf j+z ydfpgsf nflu !(%) sf] ;lGw nufot ljb]zLx¿;"u cg]s ;DaGw sfod ug]{ k|of; u/]s} lyP . t/, pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] dtna xf]p~h]n dfq} tL zlQmx¿nfO{ ;dy{g ub{5g\ . dtna ;lsPkl5 rfx] /fhf xf];\ of c¿ sf]xL xf];\ . pgLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf geO{ oxf"sf] /fhgLltn] l:y/tf kfpg g;Sg] e};Sof] . kl/l:yltn] o;nfO{ k|dfl0ft ul/;Sof] . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] d'Vo dg;fo clxn] cfP/ ;+ljwfg;ef ePsf] 5 . h'g s'/f ug{nfO{ clxn]sf] ;+ljwfg sl;Ë/ ag]sf] 5 . o;n] kfOb}+g . clxn]sf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd jftf{ g} ug{ kfOb}+g, ;Demf}tfsf] s'/f t k/} hfcf];\ . To;sf/0fn] of] ;+ljwfg vf/]h ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/] dfq} jftf{ ug{ kfOG5 . ;+ljwfg hf]ufpg] xf] eg] ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug'{kb{5 of z]/axfb'/nfO{ lkmtf{ af]nfpg'k¥of] . sfg'g adf]lhd ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ kfOb}+g . t/ ;+;b\ aflx/sf] zlQmnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg'x'G5 eg] ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ lsg gx'g] <

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