sf7df08f}+, kmfNu'0f )$ @)%(

ljljw

cf}iflw kmfd]{;Lx¿df Jofks clgoldttf
8\ofd]h / k|ltalGwt cf}iflw ;d]t laqmLdf

k|bLk kf]v/]n

jfl0fHo ljefu / cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf] ;+o'Qm 6f]nLn] ev{/} kmfd]{;L -cf}iflw k;n_ x¿df u/]sf] lg/LIf0fdf clwsf+z cf}iflwx¿ cjlw ;dfKt ePsf, gd"gfsf nflu 8fS6/nfO{ k/LIf0f ug{ lbPsf / k|ltalGwt cf}iflwx¿ laqmL u/L kmfd]{;Lx¿n] cg'lrt kmfObf p7fPsf] km]nf kf/]sf] 5 . ljefux¿åf/f uPsf] ;+o'Qm 6f]nLn] xfn} kf]v/f, d'lUng, e}/xjfdf clwsf+z kmfd]{;Lx¿n] cf}iflw laqmLdf clgoldttf u/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ cf}iflw hkmt ug'{sf ;fy} tTsfn To:tf kmfd]{;Lx¿nfO{ tfnfaGbL u/L sf/jfxLsf nflu ljefudf pkl:yt x'gsf nflu kq ydfPsf] 5 .

6f]nLn] To:tf kmfd]{;Lx¿df laqm]tf k|df0fkq tyf Joj;flos k|df0fkq a]u/ cf}iflwhGo j:t'x¿ laqmL–ljt/0f u/]sf], c+u|]hL cIf/;Dd glrGg] JolQm ;d]t cf}iflw a]Rg a;]sf] kfPsf] lyof] . To:t} k|ltalGwt cf}iflw laqmL–ljt/0f ug{] u/]sf], k;n btf{ k|df0fkq g/fvL cf}iflw laqmL–ljt/0f u/]sf], d"No lgwf{/0fdf dgnfuL u/]sf], ;fOgaf]8{ g/fvL cf}iflw laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] jfl0fHo ljefusf clws[t sdnk|;fb ltdlN;gfn] atfpg'eof] . o;eGbf klg pNn]vgLo ?kdf t cf}iflwsf] plrt ;~ro Joj:yf gu/]sf], cj}w ?kdf k}7f/L ePsf cf}iflw laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf], n]jndf pNn]v ug}{kg]{ clgjfo{ s'/fx¿ pNn]v gePsf cf}iflw laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf], x/]s /f]usf cf}iflwx¿ cfkm";"u ePsf] e|fdfTds k|rf/ ub}{ uf8Ldf /fvL cf}iflwhGo kbfy{ laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf], s:d]l6s k;ndf cf}iflwhGo kbfy{ laqmL–ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf], ;'k/dfs]{6df ;d]t cf}iflw laqmLsf] wGbf ub}{ cfPsf] 6f]nLn] lg/LIf0fsf qmddf km]nf kf/]sf] ltldlN;gfn] b]zfGtnfO{ atfpg'eof] .

To:t} u|fdL0f Onfsfx¿df 8fS6/n] g} ladf/L hf"Rg] / cf}iflw laqmL ug]{ b'O{j6} k]zf ckgfPsf] ;d]t ljefun] kfPsf] 5, h'g sfg'gtM cj}w 7xl/G5 . o;sf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf kf]v/f ;GWof d]l8sn xnsf 8f= ;"o{axfb'/ u'?Ë pleg k'u]sf 5g\ . ptf d'lUnªdf ;d]t la/fdL hf"Rg] egL ;:tf]df la/fdL hf"Rg] gSsnL 8f= wgaxfb'/ aflgof km]nf k/]sf lyP . aflgofsf] ;l6{lkms]6 k"0f{tof z+sf:kb 5 . ;a} ;l6{lkms]6 Ol08og 5g\ . To:t} 8f= eLdaxfb'/ kf08] klg z+sfsf] 3]/fdf k/]sf 5g\ .

g/xl/ kg]?sf] g/xl/ d]l8sn xn kf]v/fdf ;]l8«n, :6«fn/S; h:tf z+sf:kb cf}iflwx¿ km]nf k/]sf lyP . /fh]z vf"8sf] cf/=P;= d]l8sn xndf laqm]tf k|df0fkq / k;n btf{ k|df0f kq g} gePsf], Pp6f l;6fdf]nnfO{ ;fdfGotof %% k};f eGbf a9Ldf a]Rg kfOb+}g t/ k|lt uf]6f ?= Ps ?k}of" lng] u/]sf] lg/LIf0f 6f]nLn] km]nf kf/]sf] lyof] .

dxfsfnL cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifBfnodf /fdrGb| Gof}kfg]n] cfkm}+ cf}iflw agfpg], cfkm} dfqf agfpg] / ;DalGwt 7fp"df :jLs[t ;d]t glnO{ cfkm}+ la/fdL hf"Rg] u/]sf] e]l6Psf] lyof] . Gof}kfg]n] ;a} vfnsf pkrf/ cfkm" ug{ ;Sg] / 8fS6/x¿n] labf lbPsf la/fdL ;d]t lgsf] kf/]sf] cfZjf;g af"8\b} cgfjZos ?kdf ladf/Lx¿nfO{ cGof}ndf kfb}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

pgn] agfPsf] cf}iflwdf s'g} lsl;dsf] cf}iflwsf] n]jn ;d]t 5'6\ofOPsf] 5}g . h'g s'/f cf}iflwdf k|i6 ?kdf n]v]sf] x''g'k5{ . kf]v/fs} l8kf6{d]06n :6f]/ ;'k/dfs]{6df cf}iflw laqmL u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/L laqmL ug]{df bLks e08f/Lsf] kfs{ P08 ;k b ;'k/dfs]{6nfO{ 6f]nLn] cj}w egL l;naGbL u/L /f]Ssf u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} ;'bLk u'?Ësf] gd:t] l8kf6{d]06n :6f]/ ;d]t sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] 5 .

To;f] t sf7df8f}+df klg sf/jfxLdf kg]{ cf}iflw k;nx¿sf] ;+Vof ;du|df cToGt} a9L 5 . ljefun] ev{/} u/]sf] sf/jfxLdf l;gfd+undf dfq kf"rj6f kmfd]{;Lx¿ sf/jfxLdf k/]sf 5g\ . o;/L sf/jfxLdf kg]{x¿df ;fgfejL x]Ny s]o/ ;]G6/, l8lhod d]l8sn xn, l;l4d+un kmfd]{;L, lbof kmdf{ / cfrfo{ kmdf{ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} cGox¿df kfyLe/f 8u ;]G6/, cf]d d]l8sn xn, a'4 cf}iflw k;n, cf]d zflGt kmdf{nfO{ t ljefun] @$ 306] k'hL{ g} sf6]sf] lyof] .

sf7df8f}+s} g/]z d]l8sn :6f]/n] ;fOgaf]8{ g/fvLsg Jof/]G6]/n 8«u Norfloxacin, TINIDAZOLE k|ltalGwt cf}iflw laqmL ug]{ u/]sf], vl/b–laqmLdf a9L d"No lng] u/]sf] cleof]udf sf/jfxLdf kg]{ ePsf 5g\ . To:t} vl/b–laqmLdf w]/} d"No lng] laqm]tfx¿df cNofh d]l8sn xn, uf]vf{nL kmfd]{;L, lzj kmfd]{;L, gf/fo0fk|;fb d]l8sn xn, zf/bf kmfd]{;L, kL=Pg=kL= kf]lnlSnlgs /x]sf 5g\ . ;f] s'/f lg/LIf0fdf vl6Psf jfl0fHo ljefusf clws[t sdnk|;fb ltldlN;gfn] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg'eof] .

ptf cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf sf=d'= lgb]{zs 8f= e"k]Gb|axfb'/ yfkf eg] clxn];Dd clgoldt lsl;daf6 cf}iflw laqmL ug]{x¿nfO{ sf/jfxL ul/b}+ cfPsf] atfpg'x'G5 . pxf"sf cg';f/ ljefun] x/]s jif{ !@ ;o cf}iflw k;nx¿sf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ jflif{s sfo{tflnsf agfPsf] / ;f]xL cg'?k g} sfd ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . t/, cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefudf clxn];Dd !$ xhf/ cf}iflw k;nx¿ btf{ eO;s]sf 5g\ . 8f= yfkfsf cg';f/ clxn];Dd ljefudf btf{ geO{sg cf}iflw laqmL–ljt/0f ug{ s;}nfO{ klg 5'6 5}g, t/ ca ;fwf/0f cf}iflw laqmL;DaGwL cf}iflw k;n ug{ rfxg]x¿nfO{ tflnd lbP/ cf}iflwsf] lsl;d tf]sL laqmL ug{ lbg] gLltsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . o;df $ j6f cf}iflw /fVg dfGotf lbPdf c? $) j6f cf}iflw /flvlbg] ;d:of clxn] rsf]{ ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . t/ ;/sf/n] ca gu/kflnsfleq cf}iflw k;n vf]Ng'k/]df kmfd]{;Ldf l8u|L u/]sf] / u|fdL0f Onfsfx¿df vf]Ng'k/]df slDtdf # dlxgf kmfd]{;L;DaGwL tflnd lnPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ dfq vf]Ng cg'dlt lbg] ePsf] 5 . t/ nfu" cf}iflwsf]?kdf b'?kof]u x'g] cf}iflwsf] xsdf eg] ljefun] g} s]xL kmfd]{;Lx¿nfO{ dfq /fVg lbg] / To;sf] ljt/0f ePsf] kl/0ffd k|i6 ;fy v'nfP/ ljefudf hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ ePsf] klg 8f= yfkfn] atfpg'eof] .

To;f] t ljefun] 8\ofd]h cf}iflw laqmL ug]{x¿nfO{, hyfefjL ?kdf lgod pNn+3g ug]{x¿nfO{ cbfntdf ;d]t d'2f rnfPsf] / btf{ s]xL ;do;Dd /f]Ssf / vf/]h;Dd u/]sf] 5 . t/, lgod cg';f/sf] uDeL/ ;hfo" eg] ljefun] clxn];Dd s'g} kmfd]{;Lx¿nfO{ u/]sf] 5}g . pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g @)%$ sf] bkmf ( df pkef]QmfnfO{ em'Sofpg] u/L s'g} pkef]Uo j:t'sf] gSsn ug{ gx'g] elgPsf] 5 . t/ cf}iflwsf af]tnx¿ /S;Lsf af]tnsf cfsf/df km]nf k/]sf 5g\ . h'g lgodtM cdfGo x'G5 .

To:t} pkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ lsl;dsf pkef]Uo j:t' jf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg tyf laqmL–ljt/0faf6 HofgnfO{ vt/f k'Ug] b]lvPdf !$ jif{;Dd s}b jf % nfv;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} x'g] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} pkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ lsl;dsf pkef]Uo j:t' jf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg tyf laqmL–ljt/0faf6 z/L/sf] s'g} cËsf] zlQm IfL0f jf x/0f x'g;Sg] ePdf !) jif{ h]n ;hfo" jf % nfv ?k}of" hl/jfgf x'g;Sg] jf b'j} x'g;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . t/ jfl0fHo ljefun] cf=j= )%(÷)^) sf] cw{jflif{s sf/jfxLdf g} @@ j6f kmfd]{;Lx¿ sf/jfxLdf kl/;s]sf 5g\ . ptf cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf 8fO/]S6/ eg] 8\ofd]h cf}iflwx¿sf] k|of]u u|fdL0f Onfsfx¿df a9L ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . h;n] ubf{ cf}iflwx¿ 8\ofd]h x'"bf cf}iflwn] la/fdLx¿sf] /f]unfO{ 5'g g;Sbf sltko /f]uLx¿sf] c:ktfn cfpg;Sg] kx'"r gx'"bf ug'{k/]sf] atfp"5g\ . t/ 8\ofd]h cf}iflwx¿n] ToxL ;fO8Okm]S6 eg] gkfg]{ yfkfsf] ts{ 5 . olb cf}iflw k;nx¿n] 8\ofd]h cf}iflwx¿ lkmtf{ u/]df ljefu / sDkgLn] lkmtf{ lng] / pgLx¿sf] ;d]t g}ltstfdf k|Zg gp7\g] ts{ 8f= yfkfsf] 5 .

ljgf Ohfhtsf cf}iflw k;nx¿ sfod}

l;/xf . l;/xfsf ;x/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qx¿df ljgf Ohfht sl/a @ ;o hlt cf}iflw k;nx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] cf}iflw k;nx¿ ;~rfng ug{sf nflu sd ;] sd &@ 306] cf]l/PG6]zg tflnd k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg /fv]sf] 5 . t/, ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 lgoldt cg'udgsf] Joj:yf gul/Psf]n] Ohfht ljgfsf k;nx¿ 9'Ss} rln/x]sf 5g\ . cf}iflw k;n ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ Ohfht cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefun] ;DalGwt c~rnsf] cf}iflw Joj;foL ;+3sf] l;kmfl/;df lbg] ub{5 . ;u/dfyf c~rn cf}iflw Joj;foL ;+3sf dxf;lrj lzjgfy l;+xn] atfPcg';f/ d'n'se/df btf{ ePsf dfq & b]lv * xhf/;Dd cf}iflw k;nx¿df sl/a !$ xhf/ hgzlQm sfo{/t 5g\ . @$ 306} vf]Ng'kg]{ cf}iflw k;nx¿sf] nflu * 306fsf] b/n] sfd ubf{ klg xfn pknAw hgzlQm kof{Kt 5}g .

ljgf Ohfht cf}iflw k;nx¿ u}/sfg'gL ePsf]n] ltgnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg @ jif{;Dd cf}iflw k;n ;~rfng u/L ;s]sf cf}iflw Joj;foLx¿nfO{ tflnd lbnfpg lgj]bg dfu ubf{ @)%( cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dddf d'n'se/df sl/a @% xhf/ lgj]bg k/]sf lyP . To;dWo] ;u/dfyf c~rndf g} b'O{xhf/ k/]sf lyP . cf}iflw k;n btf{ u/fp"bf w/f}6Ljfkt\ ?= % ;o / gjLs/0fjfkt\ ?= ! ;o cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefun] lng] u/]sf] 5 .

ljdn 7fs'/

;8s lgdf{0fdf Jofkf/L

czf]ss'df/ afGtjf

Onfd . y'k|} ;/sf/L ah]6x¿sf] nufgL kZrft\ ;–;fgf uf8Lx¿ s'b\g yfn]kl5 7"n} uf8L s'bfpg] bfpdf lhd{n]sf Jofkf/Lx¿ cfkm}+ af6f] vGg tlD;Psf 5g\ .

lhNnfsf] blIf0fk"jL{ uflj; lhd{n]l:yt xs{6] wh] afx'g8f"uL ;8s lgdf{0f cGtu{t kg]{ xs{6]b]lv /Dofg;Ddsf] sl/a ( lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] pQm df]6/af6f] Ps dlxgf cl3b]lv dd{t ug]{ jf vGg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .

lj=;+= @)!@ ;fneGbf cl3b]lv lhNnf :t/sf y'k|} ;/sf/L ah]6x¿ k6s–k6s o; ;8sdf nufgL ePsf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{ )%^÷)%& df lh=lj=;= Onfdaf6 sl/a # nfv %) xhf/ /sd 5'l§Psf]df pQm ;8sdf 8]9 nfv dfq nufgL ePsf] lyof] . ;f] kZrft\ :yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0f cfof]hgf s]Gb|Lo:t/ ;8s ljefuaf6 cfly{s jif{ )%&÷)%* df ! nfv %) xhf/ /sd ljlgof]hg eO{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ut jif{b]lv xs{6] ahf/b]lv /Dofg;Dd lgoldt dfnuf8Lx¿ hfg yfn]sf x'g\ .

ut jif{sf] lxp"bofddf s]xL lbg ofq'afxs a; klg ;~rfng ePsf] :yfgLojf;Lx¿ atfp"5g\ .

uPsf] jiff{t\df pQm ;8s 7fp"–7fp"df klx/f] uO{ lau|] klg xfn 6\ofS6/ / 6\ofS;Ln] Toxf" pTkflbt cb'jf, s'rf] nufot cGo j:t'x¿ 9'jfgL ug]{ u/]sf] atfOG5 . oltn] dfq s[ifsx¿nfO{ k"0f{ ;'ljwf gk'u]sf] dx;'; u/L 7"n} dfnuf8Lx¿ lx+8fpg] nIo /fvL pQm df]6/af6f] dd{t ug{ yflnPsf] :yfgL Jofkf/L gL¿ l/hfn atfp"5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ sl/a @) hgf :yfgLo Jofkf/L / s[ifsx¿ ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf sl/a #% xhf/ nufgL eO;s]sf] 5 . p7\g af"sL rGbf ;+sng eO;s]kl5 sfd k"/f x'g] cg'dfg klg ul/Psf] 5 . pQm df]6/af6f] dd{t ug]{ qmddf /Dofg, tf/ufp" / xs{6]sf Jofkf/Lsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .

hgsk'/ /]Nj] M Jofkf/L lbSs

sdn ;fx

hgsk'/wfd . s/f]8f}+sf] ;DklQ ePsf] hgsk'/ /]Nj] cfkm\gf] k'/fgf] lns;Dd k"0f{tofM rNg g;s]kl5 Jofkf/Lx¿ lbSs ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿ a? of] hL0f{ / ?U0f /]Nj] x6fP/ km/flsnf] ;8s dfu{ agfP/ hsk'/df cf}Bf]lus ljsf;n] ult lng] atfp"5g\ . o;/L g} ;+rfng ul//xg] xf] eg] /]Nj] 3f6fdf k'u]/ oftfoft ;+:yfg h:t} lj36g ug'{kg]{ cj:yf Psflt/ cfpg] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;8sdfu{sf] :jefljs ljsf; klg k|efljt x'g]5 . kl/0ffd e/kbf]{, zL3| / ;'ne oftfoftsf] sl7gfOsf sf/0f hgsk'/sf] cf}Bf]lus, ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ljsf; k|dfl0ft x'g]5 .

/f0ffsfndf pgLx¿n] la|l6z Ol08of sDkgL;"u /fv]sf] c;n ;DaGwsf sf/0f c+u|]h zf;sx¿n] g]kfnL e"–efuaf6 ;flvofsf uf]lnof sf7 9'jfgL ug{ ef/tsf] hogu/b]lv dxf]Q/Lsf] 3g3f]/ h+unleq /]Nj] nfOg lj:tf/ u/]sf lyP . kl5 To; sf7 9'jfgL 6«nLx¿df dfG5] cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ Joj:yf ul/of] / hgsk'/ /]Nj] gfdfs/0f ul/of] . g]kfndf of] /]Nj]n] P]ltxfl;stf dfq sfod ul//x]sf] 5}g, afx\o OGwgaf6 rNg] of] /]nsf] ;+u|x d"No lgs} x'g] cg'dfg u/L ;Ltf OGwgsf] l:6s/ vl/b ug{ nfvf}+ /sd vr{ ug]{ k|:tfj Psk6s /flvPsf] lyof] .

hgsk'/ /]Nj], ef/t ;/sf/sf] nflu ;d]t uf}/jsf] j:t' ePsf] x'gfn] a]nfavt /]Nj]df ef/tn] pbf/tfk"j{s ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} ef/tsf /]ndGqL gLt]z s'df/n] ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf cfp"bf ef/tLo hgtf ;dIf ;Lw} eg]sf lyP, æg]kfn ;/sf/ ;] k|:tfj cfof tf] xd hgsk'/ /]Nj]sf] a|f]8 u]h nfOg d] kl/jt{g s/b]+u]+ . k/+t' g]kfn ;/sf/ sL Sof ;f]+r x} ;dem d]+ gxL cfof .Æ

hgsk'/sf hgk|ltlglw cfh;Dd ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjdf gk'u]sf] / ;/sf/nfO{ 3'dfpg] lg0ff{os x}l;otdf gk'u]sf]n] ;/sf/n] eg] g ef/tsf] pbf/tfsf] ;b'kof]u ug]{ sfo{qmd NofPsf] b]lvG5, g cfkm"n] nufgL u/]/ o;nfO{ lj:tf/ u/L cfw'lgs agfpg] t/v/ u/]sf] 5 . ef/t ;/sf/af6 k|:tfj cfP klg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] s'g} jf:tf b]vfPsf] b]Vb}g . t;y{ hgsk'/ /]Nj]sf] l:ylt lbgfg'lbg lau|b} hf"b}5 . %! lsld b}lgs ;]jf k'¥ofpg] hgsk'/ /]Nj] ut >fj0f dlxgfb]lv @( ls=ld= dfq rNg yfn]sf] 5 .

hgsk'/ /]Nj]sf dxfk|aGws ljlkg 7fs'/ eGg'x'G5, æhgsk'/–hogu/ /]n rNbf b}lgs !% b]lv @) xhf/sf] 3f6f eO/x]sf] 5 . b}lgs %) xhf/ cfDbfgL ePkl5 /]Nj] kmfObfdf hfg] 5 . 3f6faf6 /]Nj]nfO{ hf]ufpg] xf] eg] %! ls=ld= ;Dd rnfpg} k5{ . of t :6fkmaf6 s6f}tL ug'{k¥of] .

>fj0fsf] e]nn] lauxL gbLsf] k'nnfO{ IftljIft kf/]b]lv g} klZrdtkm{sf] /]Nj] aGb x'g uPsf] 5 . pQm k'nnfO{ dd{t ubf{ nueu @ s/f]8 nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . hgsk'/ /]Nj];"u clxn] klg c/af}+sf] ;DklQ 5, t/ To;nfO{ ;w}+ o;/L g} 3f6fdf rnfpg] xf] / ePsf] :yfoL ;DklQ hUuf hldg g} nf]k x'g lbg] xf] eg] o;n] oftfoft ;+:yfgsf] lgolt ef]Ug afWo x'g]5 . hgsk'/ /]Nj]sf] c:tJo:ttf b]v]/ :yfgLo Ps Jofkf/L dbg h}g eG5g\, æo;/L /]Nj] rnfP/ of] If]qsf] pGglt x'"b}g a? ;/sf/n] /]Nj] lnsnfO{ x6fP/ ;8s dfu{ agfO{ lbPdf %) eGbf a9L pBf]u / 3/]n' pBf]u ;+rfng x'g hfg]5 . hgsk'/sf] ;Ldfsf] af6f]3f6f] /fd|f] geP;Dd Jofkfl/s s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; x'"b}g . of] s'/fnfO{ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .

;b/ lrl8ofvfgf

sf7df8f}+ . ljut ^ jif{ otf ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfsf] d'xf/ g} k]ml/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !((^ ;fndf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] o;sf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfkg sfo{ ug]{ / x]g]{ lhDdf >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifnfO{ #) jif{sf nflu lbPsf] lyof] . h;df % jif{;Dd ljsf; ;ldltsf] gfddf k|To]s jif{ sl/a ^$ nfv @) xhf/ ?k}of" >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cg'bfg lbg] ;t{df /flvPsf] lyof] .

;b/ lrl8ofvfgfsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cf/=s]= >]i7sf cg';f/ ljutsf jif{x¿df s]xL cfly{s si6x¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{k/] klg clxn] eg] To:tf] s'g} l:ylt /x]sf] 5}g . sl/a * ;o %) eGbf klg w]/} dfqfdf ljleGg hftsf cfsif{s hgfj/x¿ /x]sf] o; lrl8ofvfgfdf :tgwf/Lju{sf sl/a ## hft / @ ;o @& kz', l3l;|g]ju{sf ( hftsf !* j6f, ^@ hftsf k+IfLx¿, @ ;o *! hftsf tyf @! hftsf sl/a $ ;o @( hnr/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;df klg ;+/lIft hgfj/x¿df ( j6f r/f, @^ :tgwf/L / # 3;|g] hgfj/ 5g\ h'g ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfsf] cfsif{0f dflgG5 .

lrl8ofvfgfsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZos /sdsf] af/]df s'/f ubf{ lgb]{zs eGg'x'G5, ævf;u/L aflx/af6 cfpg] bz{sx¿af6 p7fOg] ul/Psf] k|j]z z'Ns / lrl8ofvfgfleqsf ;DalGwt 7fp"af6 p7fpg] /sdn] g} o;nfO{ k|ultsf] dfu{lt/ nDsfPsf] 5 .Æ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljut % jif{;Dd ;t{ cg';f/s} /sd pknAw u/fPsf] lyof], t/ Ps jif{b]lv s'g} ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . ljQLo ;+3;+:yfx¿n] lrl8ofvfgfsf ljleGg hLjhGt'sf] cfjf;, lgdf{0f, x]/rfxsf] /sd h'6fpg klg ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . lrl8ofvfgf 3'Dbf w]/}yl/sf hLjhGt'sf] jf; cufl8 s;n] vr{ Joxf]l//x]sf] 5 Tof] :ki6 b]Vg ;lsG5 . xfn} dfq ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfdf l;+xx¿sf] jf;:yfg lgdf{0f / cGo ;'wf/sf nflu 6f]of]6f df]6/ sDkgL / p;sf g]kfnL ;fem]bf/ o'gfO6]8 6«]8;{ l;l08s]6 k|f=ln=n] 7"nf] ;xof]u /fzL h'6fPsf] 5 . sf]ifn] Joj:yfkg sfo{ lnPkl5 o;n] lrl8ofvfgfsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ klg /fd|} ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . lgb]{zs >]i7sf cg';f/ tTsfnLg s'g} rdTsfl/s of]hgf / sfo{qmd geP klg Toxf" NofOPsf k|To]s hLjhGt'sf] x]/rfx u/L pgLx¿nfO{ k|fs[lts jftfj/0f k|bfg ug]{ / ltgsf] k|hgg b/ ;+Vof j[l4 u/fpg] / To;af6 cfuGt'sx¿nfO{ k"0f{ dgf]/~hg lbP/ ;+:yf rnfpg] k|lta4tf eg] gof" ;ldltn] lnPsf] 5 . lrl8ofvfgfsf hgfj/x¿ d/]sf] v08df ;fgf ePdf hldgdf ufl8g] / 7"nf k|sf/sf eP kf]i6df6{d u/L To;;"u ;DalGwt 5fnf tyf cGo c+ux¿ k|fs[lts lj1fg ;+u|xfnodf /flvg] ul/G5 . ljBfyL{ ;x'lnot / ckfËx¿sf] nflu lgMz'Ns k|j]zsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] o; ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfsf] g]6js{df sl/a &) j6f sf7df8f}+sf :s'nx¿sf] btf{ ePsf] / jif]{gL z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿ klg ;+rfng x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

clxn] xfn;fn} s'g} gof" hgfj/x¿ Nofpg] l:ylt gePsf] / ev{/} dfq @ j6f hn u}+8f / Ps r/Ldf3 NofOPsf] 5 h'g clxn] lrl8ofvfgfsf] cfsif{0f ag]sf] 5 . Pl;ofdf Voflt k|fKt ul/;s]sf] of] lrl8ofvfgfn] eljiodf ;+;f/el/ g} cfkm\gf] gfd km}nfpg ;Sg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{x'G5, lgb]{zs >]i7 .

kmgf3/ 8f"uL, k|lzIFfyL{

lxdfnL efn'sf] d/0f

>L % sf] ;/sf/, k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifåf/f ;+rflnt ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfdf ljut ;f9] bzjif{b]lv bz{sx¿sf] cfudgnfO{ a9fpg ;kmn tyf lrl8ofvfgfsf] cleGg c+u lxdfnL efn'sf] oxL df3 !) ut] d[To' ePsf] 5 . lgb]{zs cf/=s]= >]i7sf cg'';f/ nf]k x'g nfu]sf] h+unL hgfj/ dbf{ pxf"sf] klg dg b'v]sf] 5 t/ kfNg NofOPsf w]/} h:tf efn'x¿ sn]hf]sf] /f]uaf6 dg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . kf]i6df6{dsf] l/kf]6{df klg sn]hf]sf] /f]usf sf/0f of] d/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

kf]i6df6{dkl5 o;sf] 5fnf / lkQnfO{ k|fs[lts lj1fg ;+u|xfnodf /flvPsf] 5 . lrl8ofvfgfdf ljut #–$ jif{b]lv g} Pp6f dfq kf]yL lxdfnL efn' lyof] h'g sl/a !! jif{sf] lyof] .

hgfj/nfO{ vfgf v'jfpg] ;xof]uL lbg]z sdf{rfo{sf cg';f/ c? efn' -sf7] efn'_ eGbf enfb\dL / zfGt :jefjsf] / b]Vgdf klg sfnf] clg lrNnf] b]lvg] of] efn' sl/a #%–$) jif{;Dd af"Rg ;S5 . lxdfnL efn'n] vfgf vf"bf klg zfGt / lj:tf/} vfg] ub{Yof] .

cflbjf;Ln] lbP 5f]/LnfO{ hUufsf] k]jf

k"j{s';fxf ufp" ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= $ -;'g;/L_ lgjf;L /fdgf/fo0f rf}w/Ln] cfkm\gf] gfdsf] tLg la3xf v]t 5f]/Lsf gfddf gfd;f/L ul/lbg] ePsf 5g\ . 5f]/LnfO{ klg 5f]/f;/x dfGg] /fdgf/fo0fsf ;Gtfg eg]sf b''O{j6L gfafns 5f]/L dfq x'g\ . ufp"df …dfOtL3/ u'bL ;d"xÚ sfo{qmd ;'? ePkl5 pgn] cfkm\gf gfdsf] hUuf ^ jifL{of h]7L 5f]/L /flwsf / tLg jifL{of sfG5L 5f]/L Plngfsf] gfddf gfd;f/L ul/lbg] ljrf/ u/]sf x'g\ .

yf¿, d08n, d';x/h:tf lk5l8Psf cflbjf;Lx¿sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] pQm uflj;sf] j8f g+= #, $ / & df o;} jif{b]lv dfOtL3/ u'bL sfo{qmd ;'? ePkl5 tLgj6f ;d"xdfkm{t\ #) kl/jf/hltsf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ kfl/jfl/s x}l;otcg';f/ hUuf lbOPsf] 5 . j8f g+= & sf d08n kl/jf/n] t 5f]/Lx¿sf gfddf hUuf gfd;f/L g} ul/lbPsf 5g\ . 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ;fg}b]lv cfly{s ¿kdf :jfjnDaL agfpg] p2]Zon] g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"x, jftfj/0f ;xof]u sf]ifsf] ;xof]udf ;'? ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmdaf6 k|efljt eP/ j8f g+= & sf zlgZr/f d08nn] cfkm\gf tLg 5f]/Lsf gfddf !)–!) w'/ hUuf gfd;f/L ul/lbPsf 5g\ .

jftfj/0f ;xof]u sf]ifsf ;x;+of]hs bLlnk sfk\mn]sf cg';f/ 5f]/Lx¿sf gfdddf afa'cfdfn] o;/L 5'6ØfOlbPsf] hUufdf j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{sf ;fy} t/sf/L v]tL u/]/ cfocfh{g ul/G5 / To;af6 cfPsf] cfDbfgL pgLx¿s} gfddf hDdf ul/G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ ;Lk ljsf;sf] tflndx¿ lbP/ klg :jfjnDaL agfOG5 . bfOhf] k|yfn] h/f uf8]sf] t/fO{sf cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ;fg}b]lv o;/L cfly{s ¿kdf ;DkGg agfp"b} nu]sf] v08df ef]ln pgLx¿sf] bfDkTo hLjg ;'vdo x'g ;s]g eg] klg cfkm\g} v'§fdf pleP/ hLjg lgjf{x ug{ ;s"g\ eGg] p2]Zon] cflbjf;Lsf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ g} nlIft u/L sfo{qmd ;'? ul/Psf] xf] .

;'g;/Lsf] k"j{s';fxf uflj;df of] sfo{qmd ;'? x'g'eGbf b'O{ jif{cl3 ;Kt/Lsf] h08f]n uflj;df ;'? ePsf] lyof] . clxn] ;Kt/Ldf klg h08f]n uflj;afx]s ;Ltfk'/ / xl/x/k'/ uflj;df jftfj/0f ;xof]u sf]ifs} ;xof]udf ;'? ePsf] 5 / ljleGg !* ;d"xdf u/L Ps ;o *) hgf b}of -5f]/L_ x¿ o; sfo{qmddf ;xefuL 5g\ . ;'g;/L / ;Kt/Lsf] sfo{qmd Ps} lsl;dsf] eP klg 5f]/LnfO{ Kof/f] u/]/ af]nfp"bf ;Kt/Lof yf¿x¿n] …b}ofÚ eGg] / df]/lªof yf¿x¿n] …u'bLÚ eGg] x'gfn] 7fp"cg';f/ gfd eg] km/s–km/s /flvPsf] 5 .

o; lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd s'g} ljz]if1 jf of]hgfsf/af6 cfPsf] geO{ ufp"n]x¿s} aLrdf ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 hlGdPsf] xf] / o:tf] gof" lsl;dsf] cjwf/0ffsf] hGd lbg] >]o eg] ;Kt/Lsf] h08f]n uflj; lgjf;L k]|dfs'df/L rf}w/LnfO{ hfG5 . ;fd'bflos tyf lghL jg ljsf; s]Gb| gfds Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf lzjs'df/ a"9fyf]sLsf cg';f/ lax] eP/ klg 3/ vfg g;s]/ dfOtLd} a:b} cfO/x]sL k]|dfs'df/L rf}w/Ln] cfkm\g} v'§fdf pleP/ s]xL ug]{ OR5f JoQm ub}}{ r'l/of jg ljsf; k|f]h]S6sf] ;xof]udf h08f]ndf ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos s[lif jg sfo{qmddf cg'/f]w ug{ cfPkl5 5f]/Lx¿sf gfddf klg pgLx¿ ;fg} x'"bf hUuf 5'6ØfOlbP/ cfocfh{gdf nufOlbof] eg] kl5 pgLx¿nfO{ b'Mv x'"b}g eGg] 7x/ u/]/ ToxL"af6 of] sfo{qmd ;'? ul/of] .

d'vn] 5f]/f / 5f]/L a/fa/ x'g\ elgP klg Jojxf/df hGd}b]lv e]befj ul/"b} cfO/x]sf] 5 / lax] u/]/ csf{sf] 3/ uPkl5 t emg} b'Mv kfpg'kb{5 . To;}n] 5f]/Lx¿sf] eljiok|lt hlGdg]lalQs}b]lv lrGtf /fv]/ s]xL cfocfh{gsf] sfd ;'? ul/lbof] eg] kl5 pgLx¿n] b'Mv kfp"b}gg\ . of] efjgf u'bL tyf b}of sfo{qmd ;'? ePsf ufp"df x/]s cleefjsdf hfu[t ePsf] 5 . k"j{s';fxf uflj;df ;~rflnt dfOtL3/ u'bL sfo{qmdsL ;xhstf{ lglndf rf}w/L elG5g\– æs'/f] ga'em\g] cleefjsx¿nfO{ klg ;Demfpg] ul/Psf] 5 . s'/f] a'em]kl5 s;}n] klg c;xof]u u/]sf 5}gg\ .Æ

;fd'bflos tyf lghL jg ljsf; s]Gb|sf cWoIf lzjs'df/ a"9fyf]sLsf cg';f/ 5f]/Lsf gfddf hlGdg]lalQs} Ps s¶f dfq hUuf 5'6\ofOlbP/ Toxf" j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ xf] eg] Ps s¶f hUufdf %% j6f;Dd la?jf nufpg ;lsG5 / To;dWo] #) j6f dfq la?jf x'ls{P eg] klg 5f]/Lsf] lax] ug]{ pd]/;Dddf Ps ?vaf6 !) xhf/;Dd cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 . o;/L lx;fa ubf{ Ps s¶fdf x'ls{g] #) j6f ?vaf6 # nfv ?k}of";Dd cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 . la?jf gx'ls{pGh]n pQm hUufdf t/sf/L jf cGo v]tL u/]/ klg cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 . jg k|fljlws a"9fyf]sLn] o;cl3 l;/fxf / ;Kt/L lhNnfdf r'l/of jg ljsf; k|f]h]S6cGtu{t ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos s[lif jg sfo{qmd cfkm\gf] ;+:yfdfkm{t\ ;~rfng u/]sf] x'"bf b}of jf u'bL ;d"xn] ;~rfng ug]{ k]jf jg sfo{qmddf klg pgn] g} lgu/fgL ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ufp"df ;~rflnt u'bL sfo{qmd /fd|f] nfu]kl5 k"j{s';fxf–$ ;Ltfk'/sL /fhs'df/L dfemLn] klg cfkm\gL 5f]/L l:dtf dfemLnfO{ ;d"xdf cfa4 u/fPsL 5g\ . pgL elG5g\– æ¿vx¿ /f]K5f}+ eG5g\ . o;af6 5f]/Ls} eljio aG5 eg] hUuf lsg glbg' . d klg hUuf lbg] lg0f{odf k'u]sL 5' .Æ

;'g;/L lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 ev{/} dfq cfkm\gf tLgj6f 5f]/Lsf gfddf hUuf /lhi6]«zg kf; ul/lbPsf] wgLk'hf{ b]vfp"b} j8f g+= & sf zlgZr/f d08n eG5g\– æ5f]/Lsf gfddf ;fg}b]lv ;DklQ hf]l8lb"b} uof] eg] 5f]/Lsf] eljio g} ;'lw|g] t xf] lg † lax]sf] a]nfdf bfOhf] lbg'eGbf t o;/L g} clxn]b]lv s]xL hf]xf] ul/lbof] eg] cfdfafa'nfO{ klg s]xL nf]8 gkg]{ . kl5 5f]/Ln] 3/ u/L vfg ;lsg eg] klg p;n] cfkm"v'zL Pp6f Joj;fo u/]/ vfg t ;S5] .

u'bL tyf b}of ;d"xcGtu{t 5f]/Lsf gfddf hUuf 5'6\ofpg] sfd dfq gu/]/ b}of tyf u'bLx¿n] n]vk9 ul/;s]/ s]xL ;Lk l;Sg rfx] eg] ;Lkd"ns tflndsf] cj;/ klg lbOg] x'"bf cflbjf;L ;d'bfon] o;nfO{ /fd|f] cj;/sf] ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ . ;xhstf{ lglndf rf}w/Lsf] ljrf/df pgLx¿sf nflu of] /fd|f] cj;/ xf] . b}of tyf u'bL ;d"x sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] ufp"df 6f]n}lkR5]sf] ;d"x lgdf{0f ul/G5 / ;d"xdf ;d"x cu'jf / sf]iffWoIf agfOG5 . af"sL ;a} ;b:o x'G5g\ . ;a} ;d"xaf6 Ps–Pshgfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Pp6f ;+o'Qm ;ldlt agfOG5 . To;df Pshgf ;lrjsf] Joj:yf x'G5 . ;d"xdf eg] sDtLdf !) hgf / a9Ldf !# hgf ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf 5 . o;/L ;d"x lgdf{0f ubf{ ckgfOg] k|hftflGqs k|lqmofn] u'bL tyf b}ofx¿sf] g]t[Tj ljsf;df klg d2t k'Ug hfg] b]lvG5 . lglndf rf}w/Ls} cg'ejdf ;'?df s]xL af]Ng ghfGg] / nhfpg] pgsf] afgLdf o; sfo{qmdaf6} ;'wf/ cfPsf] xf] .

lgtfGt gf}nf] lsl;dsf] of] sfo{qmd yf]/} 7fp"df dfq ;~rflnt gd"gf sfo{qmd eP klg o;sf] k|efj /fd|f] b]lvPsf] x'"bf cflbjf;L ;d'bfodf cem} lj:tf/ ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ dfu ufp"n]x¿n] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . t/ jftfj/0f ;xof]u sf]ifsf ;x;+of]hs bLlnk sfk\mn] eg] jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"x;"u Tolt 7"nf] ah]6 gePsfn] o;nfO{ Jofkstf lbg] xf] eg] >L % sf] ;/sf/n] g} ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]/ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVb5g\ . pQm sfo{qmdsf] lglDt jftfj/0f ;xof]u sf]ifn] ;'g;/L / ;Kt/Ldf u/L tLg nfv ?k}of" ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

df]xg e08f/L
-;+rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;+rfl/sf ;d"x_

cy{tGq emg\ emg\ cf]/fnf]tkm{

;Qfdf a:g]x¿n] b]zsf] lau|bf]+ cj:yfnfO{ sfnf r:dfx¿n] 5f]k] klg g]kfnsf] lubf]{ cy{tGq clxn] lgs} bogLo cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] xfn ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] æb]zsf] jt{dfg cfly{s l:yltÆ gfds k|ltj]bg lgs} lg/fznfUbf] 5 .

of] cfly{s jif{sf ;fpg, ebf}, c;f]h, sflQs / d+;L/;Ddsf] b]zsf] ;du| cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] pQm k|ltj]bg eG5– æd'b|f k|bfosf] j[l4b/df sdL cfPsf] 5 . ;+s'lrt d'b|fk|bfo 36]sf] 5 . d'b|f ahf/df 6«]h/L lansf] Jofhb/ 36]sf] 5 . ljsf; vr{df pQm b/ xf]ldPsf]n] s'n ;/sf/L vr{ 36]sf] 5 . cfoftdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 . lgof{t 36]sf] 5 . Jofkf/ 3f6fdf tLj| j[l4 ePsf] 5 .Æ

Jofkf/ 3f6f lgs} rsf]{

ljut % dlxgfsf] cjlwdf g]kfnL ;fdfgx¿sf] lgof{tdf ;fx|} 7"nf] x|f; cfPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] eGbf of] jif{ em08} !% k|ltztn] lgof{t cf]/fnf] nfUof] . utjif{ oL kf"r dlxgfdf @@ ca{ %( s/f]8 @& nfv ?k}of" a/fa/sf g]kfnL ;fdfgx¿ lgof{t ePsf lyP . t/ o;jif{ !( ca{ @# s/f]8 %) nfvsf ;fdfgx¿ dfq lgof{t eP .

lgof{t Jofkf/nfO{ s]nfpbf t];|f] d'n'stkm{sf] eGbf ef/ttkm{sf] Jofkf/df ;Lwf x|f; b]vf kb{5 . ut jif{ oxL cjlwdf !$ ca{ # s/f]8 *^ nfv a/fa/sf ;fdfgx¿ ef/tkm{ lgof{t ePsf lyP . t/, o;jif{ To;sf] Ps rf}yfO{ eGbf a];L -@%=@ k|ltzt_ n] lgof{t 36\of] . !) ca{ $( s/f]8 () nfv a/fa/sf ;fdfg dfq ef/t lgof{t eP . ut jif{ kmfu'gdf g]kfn ef/taLr ;DkGg ePsf] Jofkf/;lGwsf] gjLs/0fn] g]kfnL ;fdfg lgof{tdf cK7\of/f] pTkGg u/]sf]] ;/sf/L clwsf/Lxsf] bfjL 5 . pQm gjLs[t ;lGwdf g]kfnaf6 lgjf{w?kdf lgof{t x'"b} cfPsf jg:klt l3p, tfdfsf] tf/ / lh+s cS;fO8sf] lgof{tdf kl/df0ffTds aGb]h nufOPsf] lyof] eg] vfB k]o kbfy{sf] lgsf;L ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf :yfkgf ug]{ elgPsf Sjf/]G6fOg r]skf]i6 ;oddf :yfkgf gePsf]n] k|efljt x'g k'u]sf lyP .

/fi6« a}+ssf] k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ t klZdgf, ;fa'g, bGtd~hg, kf]lni6/, wfuf], PdP; kfOk, vo/, tof/L kf]zfs, x:tsnfsf ;fdfg, xfhdf]nf, /;fog / d}gjQLsf] lgof{tdf klg of] jif{sf oL dlxgfdf lgs} x|f; cfPsf] 5 .

t];|f] d'n'stkm{sf] lgof{tdf klg Tolt ;'wf/ b]vf k/]sf] 5}g . d'Vo lgof{t dflgPsf] pmgL un}+rfsf] lgof{t utjif{sf] eGbf v:s]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ em08} ;f9] !& k|ltztn] v:s]sf] un}+rf lgsf;L of] jif{ emg} #! k|ltztn] cf]/fnf] nfUof] . cl3Nnf] jif{ of] cjlwdf # ca{ @) s/f]8sf un}+rf lgof{t ePsf lyP . of] jif{ hDdf @ ca{ @! s/f]8 $! nfv eof] . tof/L kf]zfs lgof{tdf eg] ut jif{sf]eGbf s]xL k|ult ePsf] 5 . utjif{ ;f9] #% k|ltztn] lu/]sf] tof/L kf]zfs lgof{t o;jif{ ;f9] $) k|ltztn] a9]/ $ ca{ @^ s/f]8 @@ nfv k'Uof] . ut jif{ hDdf # ca{ # s/f]8 $) nfv /]l8d]6 n'ufx¿ lgof{t ePsf lyP . To:t} t];|f] d'n'sdf lgof{t x'g] j:t'df t];|f] :yfg cf]u6\g] klZdgfsf] lgof{tsf] s'g} ;'wf/ ePg . cl3Nnf] jif{ em08} ;f9] && k|ltztn] nfu]sf] cf]/fnf]df cfwf/ g} clt sdhf]/ x'g uPsf]n] o; jif{ !#=* sf] b/ sd b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ To; k"j{sf];"u t'ngf ubf{ o;df em08} (@ k|ltztsf] x|f; b]vf kb{5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ &@ s/f]8 ** nfvsf] klZdgf lgof{t ePsf]df of] jif{df hDdf ^@ s/f]8 *@ nfvsf] To;k"j{df # ca{ @@ s/f]8 %* nfvsf] klZdgf lgof{t ePsf] lyof] . k|zf]lwt 5fnfsf] lgof{t t em08}em08} ;vfk} ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ hDdf % k|ltztn] x|f; ePsf] 5fnf of] jif{sf kf"r dlxgfdf %( k|ltztn] cf]/fnf] nfUof] . utjif{ @# s/f]8 $% nfv ?k}of" 5fnf lgsf;L ePsf]df of] jif{ ( s/f]8 ^! nfvsf] dfq x'g ;Sof] .

t];|f] d'n'sdf lgsf;L x'g] csf]{ k|d'v j:t' dflgPsf] rf"bLsf u/uxgfsf] lgof{t ljut jif{eGbf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ut jif{ !! s/f]8 ^) nfvsf] u/uxgf lgof{t ePsf]df o; jif{ !$ s/f]8 $$ nfvsf] lgof{t ePsf] lyof] .

lju|bf] zflGt;'/Iffsf sf/0f cfGtl/s pBf]uwGbfx¿ / ltgsf] pTkfbg k|efljt ePsf]n] of] cjlwdf jfx\o cfoftdf 36]sf] 5 . utjif{ $# ca{ %! s/f]8 ^) nfv ?k}of a/fa/sf ;fdfg cfoft ePsf]df o;jif{ $& ca{ ## s/f]8 ^( nfv a/fa/sf ;fdfg NofOP .

cfoftsf] k|j[lQnfO{ s]nfpbf ef/taf6 x'g] cfoft 7f8f] j[l4 b]vf kb{5 !#=@ k|ltztsf] . cl3Nnf] jif{ ef/taf6 x'g] cfoftdf )=& k|ltztsf] x|f; lyof] . ef/taf6 ePsf] cfoftn] k/f/sf] /]s8{nfO{ klg pl5g]sf] 5 . k/f/;fn !* ca{ $) s/f]8 @( nfvsf ef/tLo ;fdfg cfoft ePsf]df of] jif{ @) ca{ ^( s/f]8 %( nfvsf ;fdfg cfoft eP . kf]xf]/ hDdf !* ca{ @& s/f]8 ^# nfvsf ;fdfg cfPsf lyP .

/fi6« a}+ssf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfOPcg';f/ ef/taf6 cfpg] wfuf], rfdn, s[lif pks/0f tyf k'hf{x¿, l;d]G6, ljB'tLo pks/0fx¿, k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, Pd=P;=jfo/, /8 6fo/ 6\o'j, Pd=Pd=ljn]6, jfo/ /8, 6fo/, 6\o'j, Pd=Pd jfo/, l:6n;L6, cf}iflw, cf}Bf]lus /;fog, oGq tyf k'hf{x¿, sf]N8 tyf x6/f]N8 ;L6sf] cfoft a9]sf] 5 eg] sfuh, /f;folgs dn, cf}iflw, oftfoftsf ;fwg tyf kf6{k'hf{, g'g, kf7\ok':ts tyf kqklqsfsf] cfoft eg] 36]sf] 5 .

cfGtl/s pTkfbg k|efljt ePsf]n] cGo d'n'ssf] cfoft klg o; cjlwdf a9]sf] 5 . ut jif{ !!=& k|ltztn] 36]/ @% ca{ @# s/f]8 (& nfvdf ;Lldt /x]sf] cfoft o; jif{ %=^ k|ltztn] a9]/ @^ ca{ ^$ s/f]8 !) nfvdf cfPsf] 5 . /fi6« a}+sn] hgfPcg';f/ cGo d'n'saf6 Nofpg] j:t'x¿df k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, sk8f, lel8of], 6L=eL=, sDKo'6/ kf6{;, oftfoftsf ;fdfg tyf k'hf{, lrlsT;f;DaGwL pks/0f, sRrf pmg, Knfli6s, skf;, b"/;~rf/sf pks/0f tyf k'hf{x¿sf] cfoft a9]sf] 5 / wfuf], /f;folgs dn, xjfO{hxfhsf k'hf{x¿, sRrf vfB t]n, cf}iflw, sfuh, ;'kf/L, tfdfsf] tf/ tyf kftf, ;'g, rf"bL sRrf /]zd cflbsf] cfoftdf eg] x|f; ePsf] 5 .

s'n cfoftdf j[l4 / s'n lgof{tdf pRrb/sf] x|f; ePsf] sf/0fn] o;jif{ Jofkf/ 3f6f #$=# k|ltztn] a9]/ @* ca{ !) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . kf]xf]/ / k/f/ qmdzM of] @) ca{ (@ s/f]8 / @# ca{df ;Lldt lyof] .

e'QmfgL ;Gt'ngtkm{ x]bf{ klg Tolt ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvb}+g . ;]jf cfodf tLj| x|f; 5 . utjif{ %#=@% k|ltzn] x|f; eP/ sdhf]/ ePsf] cfwf/df o;jif{ emg} %^ k|ltztsf] x|f; eP/ ! ca{ ! s/f]8 !* nfv k'u]sf] 5 . utjif{ of] @ ca{ @( s/f]8 $& nfvsf] cfDbfgL lyof] . oftfoftdf #! k|ltzsf] j[l4 eP klg ofqf, nufgL cfo, cGoq gk/]sf] ;/sf/L cfo / cGo ;]jf zLif{ssf] cfodf x|f; cfPsf]n] of] l:ylt cfPsf] xf] . o;/L s'n ;]jfcfodf @)=! k|ltztn] x|f; 5 . v'b 6«fG;km/ cfo utjif{ @! k|ltztn] a9]/ ^ ca{ ^* s/f]8 *^ nfv ePsf]df o;jif{ #=( k|ltzt dfq a9]/ ^ ca{ ($ s/f]8 &! nfvdf ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . Jofkf/ 3f6f a9]/ ;]jfcfo 36\g] ePsf]n] utjif{ $ ca{ * s/f]8df ;Lldt /x]sf] rfn' 3f6f o;jif{ bf]Aa/eGbf a9L * ca{ ## s/f]8 k/u]sf] 5 .

ljsf; 5}g, /fhZj a9\b}g

>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ah]6 kl/rfngsf] l:ylt nfhdbf]{ 5 . oL % dlxgfdf ;/sf/n] #) ca{ %! s/f]8 ^) nfv ?k}of" vr{ ug]{ :jLs[lt lbof] . To;dWo] @# ca{ @^ s/f]8 !) nfv vr{ eof] . & ca{ @% s/f]8 %) nfv vr{ ePsf] 5}g .

vr{ ePsf]df !( ca{ $ s/f]8 &@ nfv ;fwf/0f / @ ca{ (! s/f]8 ^^ nfv ljsf; tkm{sf] 5 . ! ca{ @( s/f]8 &@ nfv lk|mh ;ftfdf yGs]sf] 5 . vr{dWo] ljljw ;|f]taf6 !( ca{ ^( s/f]8 #^ nfv h'6fOPsf] 5 . h;df ;/sf/L /fhZjaf6 !& ca{ ^% s/f]8 $! nfv Joxf]l/Psf] 5 . %^ s/f]8 @# nfv ljb]zL cg'bfg, u}/ ah]6/L cfoaf6 (& s/f]8 ^$ nfv lhlj;÷uflj;nfO{ 5'6\ofOP/ vr{ gePsf] /sdaf6 @) s/f]8 !! nfv, d"No clej[l4 s/af6 @( s/f]8 (& nfv Joxf]l/Psf] 5 . s"n vr{ wfGgsf nflu gk'u ePsf] # ca{ %^ s/f]8 &$ nfv ?k}of"df @ ca{ ljsf; a08, !% s/f]8 @% nfv clwljsif{ ! ca{ #( s/f]8 ^* nfv j}b]lzs C0faf6 / ! s/f]8 *! nfv cfo;|f]taf6 h'6fOPsf] 5 . rfvnfUbf] s'/f t of] 5 ls cfly{s jif{sf] kf"r dlxgfdf ePsf] vr{df ;fwf/0f vr{ ^=^ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 / ljsf; vr{ ##=@ k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . cfGtl/s tyf ;xh Jofkf/, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg, ko{6g tyf cGo cfly{s ultljlwdf l;lyntf sfod /x]sf]n] o;y{ /fhZj kl/rfngdf %=! k|ltztn] dfq j[l4 ePsf] 5 . hasL cl3Nnf] jif{ of] b/ &=! k|ltzt lyof] . of] jif{ afx\o cg'bfg klg cfw} -%)=# k|ltztn]_ 36\g uPsf] 5 .

j}b]lzs Jofkf/ -?= !) nfvdf_

t];|f] d'n's lgof{t x'g] d'Vo j:t'x¿ -?= !) nfvdf_

cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmd / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx¿

cRo'tk|;fb kf}8]n

ljBdfg ultxLg cfly{s l:yltnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& cg';f/ ag]sf] gof" ;/sf/n] b]zdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx¿sf] Joj:yfkgdf cfjZos ;'wf/ ug]{ u/L cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof]] . o; cGt/ut lghLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg lglZrt sfo{ of]hgf ;d]t tof/ u/L o;} jif{sf] d+;L/leq sfof{Gjodf Nofpg], sltko ;+:yfgx¿sf] n]vfk/LIf0f geO/x]sf ;Gbe{df rfn" cfly{s jif{leq clgjfo{ ?kdf n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ ltgLx¿sf] cfly{s / ljQLo l:ylt s] /x]5 lgSof}{n ug]{ sfo{qmd /fv]sf], Toltdfq geP/ cfly{s l:ylt cWofjlws ug{ g;Sg] ;+:yfgsf sfo{sf/L k|d'vx¿nfO{ ;+:yfgaf6 labf lbg] sf/jfxL cl3 ;fg]{ nIo lnPsf] lyof] .

;+:yfgx¿ ;/sf/sf] af]emsf] ?kdf g/fVg] u/L lghLs/0f tkm{ k|of; klxn] klg gePsf] xf]Og . ljut cfly{s jif{af6 ljbf ePsf] gjf}+ of]hgfdf cfly{s ljsf;sf] cleofgnfO{ tLj| agfpg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] w]/} /sdsf] nufgL u/]/ :yfkgf / ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] / ljb]zL ;xof]udf ;d]t :yflkt ePsf ;+:yfgx¿df ljQLo / k|zf;lgs s'zntfsf] cefjn] nufgL cg'Tkfbs x'"bf lognfO{ lghL If]qtkm{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ p2]Zo cg'?k $^ j6f ;+:yfgdWo] #) j6f ;+:yfgnfO{ lghLs/0f ug]{ nIo lnPsf] lyof] . cf7f}+ of]hgfdf nueu !^ j6f ;+:yfgx¿ lghLs/0f eP5g\ . #) j6f ;+:yfg lghLs/0f ug]{ k|:tfj eP klg gjf}+ of]hgfsf] k|yd tLg jif{df Pp6fdfq lrof ljsf; lgud lghLs/0f eP5 . bzf}+ of]hgf ;fj{hlgs x'g'k"j{ ;/sf/L nufgLsf b'O{ 7"nf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s tyf g]kfn a}+s ln= lghLs/0fsf] ;"rLdf /x] klg Joj:yfkg;Dd s/f/df lbOof] . t/ klg xfn;Dd To;sf] k|ult xft nfUg ;s]sf] b]lvPg . gof" ;/sf/ cfPkl5 lghLs/0f ePsf] Pp6} ;+:yfg xf]– a'6jn kfj/ sDkgL . To;afx]s af"sL ;+:Yffgx¿sf] lghLs/0fdf klg k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+:yfgx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fhg}lts lgo'lQm kfPsf ;+:yfgsf cWoIf Pj+ dxfk|jGwsx¿ x6fpg] sfo{df eg] k|ult ePsf] b]lvG5 . bnLo Joj:yf To;dfly jif}{lkR5] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g x'"bf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx¿nfO{ b'x'gf] ufO{sf] ?kdf x]g]{ ul/Psf] kl/k|]Iodf ;+rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf Pjd\ dxfk|jGwsx¿nfO{ labf ul/lbg' Pp6f ;fxl;s sfd t dfGg' k5{ g}, t/ To;kl5sf] ;'wf/n] s] k|ult u¥of] Tof] klg tTsfn} d"Nof+sg rflx+ x'g'k5{ .

g]kfn cfon lgudn] dx+uf] b/df OGwg laqmL u/]/ klg jif}{ lkR5] efp a9fP/ / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] sDd/} b'Vg] u/L 9f8 ;]sfP/ klg 3f6fdf uP5 . Toxf"sf] ;+u7gfTds ;'wf/, k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] ld;fj6 Pj+ cGo k|zf;lgs ;'wf/tkm{ ljrf/ u/L Ps cWoog 6f]nLdfkm{t j:t'l:yltsf] cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg lbg Ps 6f]nL u7g u/]sf], 6f]nLsf] ;dofjlw klxnf] k6s !% lbg yk]sf] / bf];|f] k6s k'gM Ps dlxgfsf] ;do yk u/]sf] a'lemG5 . oyfy{df k|ltj]bg s] cfpnf / k|ult s] xf]nf clxn];Dd eGg ;lsg] l:ylt b]lvGg . o; cl3 klg w]/} cWoog 6f]nLx¿ ljleGg If]qdf u7g gePsf xf]Ogg\ . k]6«f]lnod cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf Psflwsf/ kfPsf] pQm lgud 3f6fdf hfg' eg]sf] Toxf"sf] c;Ifd Joj:yfkg g} lhDd]jf/ eGg'kg]{ x'G5 . cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmdn] o;nfO{ klg lghL If]qtkm{ ;xefuL u/fpg] nIo lnPsf] b]lvG5 t/ lg0f{o ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5, Tolt sfof{Gjg ;lhnf] rflx+ x'g] u/]sf] 5}g . sDkgLsf] ?kdf :yflkt g]kfn d]6n sDkgLnfO{ ;/sf/n] kfn]/} /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn;Dd pmk|lt ;/sf/n] slt nufgL u¥of], slt k|ult slt jif{kl5 dfq unf{ jf gunf{ cWoog x'g h?/L b]lvG5 . rfn" cf=j=leq} * j6f ;+:yfgnfO{ lj36g jf lghLs/0f ug]{ k|lqmof ;DkGg ug]{ nIo lnPsf] gof" cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmd oyfy{df ;lhnf] b]lvb}g . cf=j=sf] cfwf jif{ ;lsPsf] 5 . lxdfn l;d]G6 sf/vfgf, x]6f}+8f sk8f pBf]un] ;d:of emg\ yk]sf 5g\ . >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx¿aLr n]gb]g jSof}{tf tyf s/ / u}/s/ /fh:jsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug{ jSof}{tf km5\of}{6 ;ldlt u7g u/L o;} dlxgfleq lx;fa olsg ug{] p2]Zo eP klg xfn;Dd To;tkm{ pNn]Vo k|ult b]lvPg . cgfjZos sd{rf/L egf{ gug]{, vr{ s6f}tL ug]{ / cgfjZos sd{rf/LnfO{ Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf u/]/ :j]lR5s cjsfz lbg] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ gof" cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] nIo b]lvPsf], :j]lR5s cjsfz tkm{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf cWoog eO/x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . sd{rf/L ;'ljwfdf cu|0fL :yfg cf]u6\g ;lsg] To; a}+ssf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ yk ;'ljwf lbg yk /sdsf] cfjZostf knf{ g} . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ /sds} sf/0f :j]lR5s cjsfzsf] of]hgf /fd|/L nfu" ug{ g;lsPsf] ;Gbe{df df]6f] /sd pknAw u/fP/ cjsfz klg lbg] clg k'gM sd{rf/L egf{ ug]{ klg kl/l:ylt cfof] eg] sfo{qmd ;kmn ePsf] eGg ldNb}g . ;+:yfgx¿nfO{ lbg] cg'bfg qmdzM 36fpg], v'Nnf ahf/df k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kdf c8\g ;Ifd agfpg] / /fHosf]ifdf ;+:yfgx¿sf] ef/ sd u/fOg] ;'wf/ sfo{qmd cfPsf] /fd|f] xf], t/ /fHoaf6 ;+/If0f kfPsf ;+:yfgx¿sf] csflzbf+] d"Noa[l4 vKg jfWo hgtfnfO{ To;kl5 k|lt:kwL{ ag]sf ;+:yfgx¿n] d"No 36fP/ cfkm\gf] ;]jf b]nfg\ eGg] e/kbf]{ cfwf/ b]lvGg . s]xL jif{ cl3 b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgn] g ldg]6sf] k|ltjGw nufPsf] lyof] g Tolt 7"nf] ;d:of g} . u|fxs a[l4 x'"b} uPsf] kl/l:yltdf p;n] jiff}{lkR5] b/a[l4 ub}{5 . vfg]kfgL Pj+ ljB'tsf] ;]jf klg e/kbf]{ 5 eGg ;lsb}g . ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx¿sf] cg'udg k|lqmofnfO{ ;'b[9 u/L lgoldt cw{jflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ gof" ;'wf/sf] cfly{s sfo{qmd /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ult ;dLIff o;cl3 klg w]/} ePsf 5g\ t/ sd{sf08L sfdh:t} ul/lbgsf] nflu dfq} ePsf 5g\ xfn;Dd . 5l/tf] ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf ePsf] klg s]xL dlxgf lalt;s]sf] 5 . pNn]vgLo k|ult / ;'?df em}+ hf"u/ cfPsf] b]lvPg . tTsfn /fxtsf] sfo{qmdn] s]xL ;Gtf]if lng] ck]Iff cfd g]kfnLx¿sf] lyof] . ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx¿df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] z]o/ nufgL, C0f nufgL, k'"hL nufgL k|ltjif{ a9]s} b]lvG5 . v'b k'"hL nufgLsf] t'ngfdf ;/sf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] cfos/, nfef+z, Aofhsf] ?kdf k|fKt /fh:j x]bf{ lgs} Go"g b]lvG5 . o;y{ efjL lbgx¿df ;+:yfgsf] ;]jf e/kbf]{, r':t, Jofjxfl/s / ;j{;fwf/0fn] wfGg ;Sg] u/L x'g] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;a} If]q rgfvf] x'g'k5{ ls <

OGe]i6d]G6 a}+ssf] ;]jf lj:tf/

g]kfnL a}+s/x¿sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf cfPsf] g]kfn OGe]i6d]G6 a}}+s -klxn]sf] g]kfn O08f]:j]h_ n] 5f]6f] cjlwd} clw/fHosf tLg k|d'v Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x¿df cfkm\gf] zfvf lj:tf/ u/L pkef]Qmf Pj+ u|fxsx¿nfO{ e/kbf]{, :t/Lo, b'|t;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

a}+sn] df3 dlxgfdf g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus gu/L lj/f6gu/ / g]kfn clw/fHosf] dWoefudf kg]{ kxf8 / t/fO{sf] ;+ud:yn Jofkfl/s s]Gb| a'6jndf zfvf vf]n]sf] 5 eg] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+df pBdL, Jofkf/L / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;d]t ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] Go'/f]8df csf]{ zfvf vf]n]sf] 5 . b/af/dfu{l:yt k|wfg sfof{no;"usf] ;Lwf ;Dks{df /xg] oL tLgj6} zfvfx¿af6 PtL a|f~r a}lsË, OhL ;]leª, P6LPd sf8{, e]lxsn nf]gsf ;fy} cGo a}lsË ;]jfx¿ pknAw x'g]5g\ . oL tLg zfvf ylkPsf] u/L OGei6d]G6 a}+ssf] zfvf gf} k'u]sf] 5 . o; cufl8 g} a}+sn] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf cnfjf l7dL, eQmk'/, jL/u~h k;f{, nlntk'/, ag]kf, sfe|], hLtk'/ af/fdf cfkm\gf] zfvf vf]nL ;]jf lbO/x]sf] 5 .

a}+sn] ca l56} g} :df6{ sf8{ k|of]udf Nofpg] 5 eg] cGt{/fli6«o qm]l86 sf8{ / df:6/ sf8{ hf/L ug]{ ePsf] 5 . a}+ssf cWoIf Pj+ sfg'g ;lrj pbo g]kfnL >]i7n] a}+ssf] xfn} ;DkGg jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efnfO{ lbg' ePsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ o;sf nflu ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ / cg'dlt lng]h:tf ;fdfGo k|lqmofx¿ k"/f e};s]sf 5g\ . a}+sn] :jrflnt 6]n/ d]lzgnfO{ cGo b'O{ :yfgdf lj:tf/ ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

a}+sn] xfn} ;DkGg ;f]x|f} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 cfkm\gf] clws[t k'"hL, lgisfl;t tyf hf/L / r'Qmf k'"hL ;a} j[l4 u/]sf] 5 . klxn] a}+ssf] clws[t k'"hL @& s/f]8 / lgisfl;t hf/L Pjd\ r'Stf k'"hL @@ s/f]8 &@ nfv @$ xhf/ lyof] . g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] a}+ssf] r'Qmf k'"hL ? Ps ca{ gk'u'~h]n;Dd k|To]s jif{ !) k|ltztn] r'Qmf k'"hL a[l4 ug'{kg]{ lgb]{zg hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . To;nfO{ kfngf ug{ a}+sn] k|To]s # z]o/nfO{ ! z]o/sf b/n] xsk|b z]o/ hf/L u¥of] . To;df #) k|ltzt af]g; z]o/ lbof] . ;fwf/0f hu]8fsf]iftkm{ clgjfo{ ljlgof]hg / ;l~rt d'gfkmf ;d]t yKbf a}+ssf] Go"gtd k'"hL sf]if %^ s/f]8 #% nfv k'Ug uPsf] 5 . h'g g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] xfnsf] ? %) s/f]8eGbf a9L x'g cfp5 . jfl0fHo a}+s P]g cg';f/ hf/L k'"hL, clws[t k'"hLsf] %) k|ltzteGbf sd gx'g] Joj:yfnfO{ kfngf ubf{ OGei6d]G6 a}+sn] cfkm\gf] clws[t k'"hL @( s/f]8 $^ nfvsf] bf]Aa/ cyf{t\ %( s/f]8;Dd k'¥ofpg ;Sg] 5 .

a}+sn] k|sflzt u/]sf] k'l:tsfdf hgfOPcg';f/ of] cfly{s jif{sf $ dlxgfdf a}+ssf] lgIf]kdf !#=* k|ltztn], shf{ nufgLdf $%=! k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 eg] ;~rfng d'gfkmf klg $=@ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . a}+ssf ;+rfnsx¿ o; jif{ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] eGbf cfw} a9L ;+rfng d'gfkmf ug{ ;lsg]df ljZj:t 5g\ .

æhfp“ x} kf]v/fæ cf/De

sf7df8f}+ . o'4lj/fdkl5 b]zdf zflGt 5fPsf] ;fOtd} kf]v/]nLx¿n] cfkm\gf] gu/df ko{6s leœofpg gof" sfo{qmd yfn]sf 5g\ . cfGtl/s ko{6g k|a4{g ug]{ vf; p2]Zo /fvL cf/De ul/Psf] …hfp" x} kf]v/fÚ sfo{qmd cl3Nnf] xKtf sf7df8f}+df ljz]if sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/L dgfOof] . ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og ;xfos dGqL /ljeQm >]i7n] ;d'b\3f6g ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf If]qLo xf]6n ;+3 kf]v/fsf] ;+of]hgdf ePsf] lyof] . ;+;f/s} clåtLo ;'Gb/ / dgf]/d pkTosfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] kf]v/fk|lt cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6s a9fpg] p2]Zon] dxf]T;j pb\3f6g cj;/df dfq xf]Og, /fhwfgLsf] ofs P08 olt xf]6ndf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] dgf]/~hg ;f"em ;lxtsf] /flq ef]h sfo{qmddf kf]v/]nL ;+:s[ltnfO{ emNsfpg] ljleGg lsl;dsf nf]s g[Tox¿ k|:t't ul/Psf lyP . kf]v/fdf pTkfbg ePsf ljleGg x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx¿ tyf ljleGg kl/sf/x¿ klg k|bz{gdf /flvPsf] o; sfo{qmdn] cfuGt'sx¿nfO{ kf]v/fsf] ememNsf] lbGYof] .

;+of]hs ljZjz+v/ kflnv]af6 ;efkltTj ul/Psf] …hfpm" x} kf]v/fÚ sfo{qmdnfO{ b]zJofkL ug]{ dg;fo cfof]hsx¿n] /fv]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f+}df cfof]lht dxf]T;jdf o'jfju{sf] pT;fxk"0f{ pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;fdfGoj:yfdf g]kfn cfpg] clwsf+z ko{6ssf] cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| /xL cfPsf] kf]v/f kf]xf]/ ;+s6sfn nfu]kl5 z"Go z"Go aGg k'u]sf]n] kf]v/]nLx¿n] of] sfo{qmd /fv]sf x'g\ . kf]v/fsf tfn–tn}of, u'kmf, 5f"uf, em/gf, k|fs[lts b[Zo / lxd >[+vnfsf] b[Zofjnf]s ljb]zLsf nflu dfq x}g, g]kfnLs} nflu klg lrQfsif{s / dgf]/d 5g\ . g]kfnLx¿s} nflu klg glhssf] tLy{ x]nf h:tf] ePsf]n] kf]v/]nLx¿n] o;k6s g]kfnLnfO{ g} tfGg] of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ .

To;kl5 g]kfnsf] ;LdfjtL{ If]qsf ef/tsf 7"nf ;x/sf afl;GbfnfO{ To;df cfslif{t ul/g] 5 . oxL nIo af]s]/ ;f/ËL /]6\b}, k~r] afhf 7f]Sb}, kf]v/]nLx¿ lj/f6gu/, jL/u~h, w/fg klg k'u]sf 5g\ . cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] hfu/0f Nofpg / e/kbf]{ / :yfoL ¿kdf l5d]sL b]zdf ko{6s leœofpg ef/tLo ;x/ klg k'Ug] ePsf 5g\ . g]kfn / ef/tsf ;x/x¿df cfof]hgf ul/g] o:tf sfo{qmddf kf]v/fsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltnfO{ dxTj lbOPsf] 5 . of] dxf]T;jn] z"Go z"Go ePsf] kf]v/fdf ko{6sx¿ k'¥ofpg]df cfof]hsx¿ 9'Ss 5g\ . s]xL ;dokl5 kf]v/fdf nfdfx¿sf] ljZjzflGt k"hf klg x'g] ePsf] 5 .

kmgfw/ 8f"uL

tfg;]gsf] Oltxf; kmf]6f]df

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

kfNkf . g]kfnsf] bflh{lnªsf] ?kdf k|l;l4 kfPsf] tfg;]g gu/sf] Oltxf; / jt{dfgnfO{ kmf]6f]sf dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs ul/lbPsf 5g\– s]xL pT;fxL o'jsx¿n] .

ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu lqmofzLn /x]sf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ko{6g k|j4{g ;d"x -u]6 ck_ kfNkfn] …tfg;]g lxhf] / cfhÚ ljifos kmf]6f] k|bz{gL u¥of] .

kfNkfsf] ;]g /fHosf] Oltxf;b]lv lnP/ ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / P]ltxfl;s kIf emNsfpg] kmf]6f]x¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

;a}eGbf k'/fgf] ! ;o $% jif{ klxn] lvlrPsf] tfg;]g b/af/sf] kmf]6f] xf];\ jf jt{dfg :j?kdf gcfOk'Ub} km"; / 6fonn] ag]sf em'k8Lx¿ cyjf jt{dfgdf 3gfj:tLaLrsf P]ltxfl;s /0fpHh]Zj/L dlGb/, zLtnkf6L, s]xL ;do cl3 eTsfOPsf] uf]n3/, u0f]z dlGb/, 6"'l8v]n cyjf j[Iff/f]k0f gx'"b}sf] >Lgu/ 8f"8f cflbsf kmf]6f]x¿n] tfg;]gsf] Oltxf;nfO{ hLjGt kf/]sf lyP . o;}u/L tfg;]gdf kl/lrt ljleGg hfqfx¿, v8\uzdz]/åf/f lgld{t /fgLdxnsf] k'/fgf] ¿k, l;4fy{ /fhdfu{df k'n gaGb}sf] b[Zo, tTsfnLg dxf/fhflw/fh dx]Gb| / o'j/fh jL/]Gb|sf] tfg;]g e|d0fsf b[Zo klg k|bz{gLdf /flvPsf lyP .

æcfGtl/s / afx\o ko{6ssf] cfsif{0f a9fpg / k'/fgf] Oltxf;nfO{ hf]ufpgsf] nflu k|bz{gL cfof]hgf u/]sf xf}+ .Æ cfof]hs ;+:yf u]6ck kfNkfsf cWoIf dgdf]xg >]i7n] eGg'eof], æk|bz{gLaf6 tfg;]gsf] ljsf; ug{ s]xL d2t k'Ug]5 eGg] cfzf klg xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}+ .Æ

kmf]6f] k|bz{gLdf tfg;]gdf @)@$ ;fndf lknf6; kf]6;{ xjfO{ hxfh cjt/0f u/]sf] b[Zo, @))! ;fndf lxp"n] ;]tfDo ePsf] gu/sf cltl/Qm tTsfnLg kfNkf uf}+8fsf ue{g/sf] efG;f3/, v8\u zdz]/sf] kfl/jfl/s kmf]6f] cflbn] gof" k':tfnfO{ lgs} cfslif{t kf/]sf] lyof] .

ut jif{ klg o; ;+:yfn] …tfg;]g gu/ xfd|f] hLjgÚ ljifos kmf]6f] k|bz{gL u/]sf] lyof] . ut df3 !! b]lv @% ;Dd ;DkGg kmf]6f] k|bz{gLn] kfNkfsf] ;+:s[lt / P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbf hf]ufpg ;a}nfO{ lqmofzLn x'g k|]l/t u/]sf] ljrf/ k|lhc Psdl0f g]kfn, tfgkfsf lgjt{dfg gu/ k|d'v czf]s zfxL, :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L s]bf/ Gof}kfg]n] /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

dGqLnfO{ Gofgf] 3fd, bf}8fxfsf] xftdf bfd

slj/fh g]kfn

kfNkf . gof" ;/sf/ ag]kl5 kfNkf kfNg'ePsf ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL /d]zgfy kf08] / gof" ;/sf/n] v6fPsf] bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] lhNnf e|d0f u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbP klg To:tf] lg/LIf0f / lgb]{zgnfO{ lhNnfjf;Ln] vf; pT;fxk"j{s u|x0f u/]gg\ .

dGqL kf08]n] oxL df3 @$ ut] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tfg;]gdf ;~rf/ dGqfno;"u ;Da4 clwsf/Lx¿sf] bnansf ;fy e|d0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . e|d0f 6f]nLdf ;"rgf ljefusf dxflgb]{zs, /]l8of] g]kfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, dGqfnosf ;lrj nufot b"/;+rf/ ;+:yfg;"u ;Da4 clwsf/L klg x'g'x'GYof] .

dGqL kf08] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3åf/f cfof]lht kqsf/ cGtlqm{of, l/kf]6{; Snaåf/f cfof]lht …km]; 6' km];Ú b"/;+rf/ sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f, ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|d'v;"usf] e]63f6df ;f] lbg lbge/ h:t} Jo:t /xg'eof] . ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 k|jQmf /xg'ePsf dGqL kf08] u[x lhNnfdf cfPkl5 :yfgLo kqsf/x¿ pT;flxt x'g' :jefljs lyof] . To;dfly lbglbg} gof" 36gfqmd ljsl;t eO/x]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ltgsf] k[i7e"ld, :yfloTj, ;/sf/sf] efjL sfo{qmd / dfcf]jfbL;"usf] jftf{;"u ;DalGwt k|Zgx¿ jif]{ ;a} 7fp"df . t/ dGqL kf08]n] kqsf/x¿n] ;f]w]sf] k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm lbg'ePg . emg\ ems]{/ cfkm" zfnLg eg]/ lrlgPsf JolQmTjdfly g} k|Zg p7fpg] cj:yf NofOlbg'eof] . sltko kqsf/n] l6Kk0fL u/]– dGqLhLnfO{ cfkm\gf] xfnsf] kbsf] Vofn ePg . cfkm}+ kqsf/ eP/ kqsf/x¿nfO{ ¥ofv ¥ofVtL kfg{ yfNg'eof] . cfkm"n] vf]h]sf] hjfkm gkfp"bf lvGg ePsf kqsf/x¿n] pxf"k|lt Jo+Uo s:g yfn] .

oyfy{df dGqLn] b"/;~rf/df sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ % nfOg 5f]8]/ ;a} 6]lnkmf]g nfOg ljt/0f ug]{ lgb]{zg lbg'eof], t/ k|wfgdGqL sfof{noaf6 cfPsf yfgsf yfg tf]s cfb]z s] ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df atfpg' g} ePg .

:d/0f /xf];\, b"/;~rf/ sfof{no kfNkfn] clxn] @)%) ;fn;Ddsf lgj]bg cg';f/ nfOg ljt/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . kfnf] s'/]/ a;]sf u|fxsx¿ nfOgd} 5g\ t/ dflysf] tf]s cg';f/ cfPsf lgj]bgdfly s] ug]{ eGg] cGof}ntf JofKt 5 .

To:t} bf}8fxf 6f]nLn] uPsf] cfOtaf/ oxf" cfP/ ;/sf/sf] :jR5 kf/blz{tfd'vL sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] eGg] s'/f bf]xf]¥ofPsf] 5 . /fKtL / n'lDagL c~rnsf nflu vl6Psf] Tof] 6f]nLdf ;+of]hs /fd]Zj/ zfx nufotsf ;b:ox¿ Zofd pkfWofo / cf]dsf/ pkfWofo x'g'x'GYof] . 6f]nLn] :yfgLo k|zf;g, gful/s ;dfh / kqsf/x¿;"u 5'§f5'§} e]6 u/L oxf"l:yt s]xL ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf] lg/LIf0f ;d]t u¥of] .

t/, 6f]nL ;dIf g gful/s ;dfhsf tNnf]ju{sf k|ltlglw uP g d'n'ssf 7"nf bn g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn] . kqsf/x¿n] 6f]nL ;dIf e]63f6 ubf{ b"/;+rf/, ;8s, vfg]kfgL, srnkmf"6, l;rfO{+ cfof]hgf nufotsf ljifodf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / lhNnfl:yt sfof{nox¿aLr ;dGjo sfod ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+Nofp"b} bn;dIf ;d:of vf]Hg] g} xf] / ;dfwfg ug]{ g} xf] eg] hgtf ag]/ s;}nfO{ yfxf glbO{ sfof{no lg/LIf0f / cg'udg ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .

gof" ;/sf/ ag]kl5 kfNkf k;]sf] dGqL:t/sf] pRr bnnfO{ kfNkfnLx¿ sf7df8f}+sf] hf8f] 5Ng kfNkfsf] …3fd tfKgÚ cfPsf] / cg'udg 6f]nL …eQf ksfpgÚ cfPsf] eg]/ l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ .

lrlsT;s ;+3df gof" g]t[Tj

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn lrlsT;s ;+3 @)%(–^! sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] nflu ;DkGg lgjf{rgdf 8f= dgf]x/k|;fb u'Ktfsf] g]t[Tjdf gof" sfo{;ldlt lgjf{lrt ePsf] 5 . k|d'v r'gfj clws[t 8f= xl/gfy cfrfo{n] hgfpg' ePcg';f/ ;+3sf] jl/i7 pkfWoIfdf 8f= df]bgfy d/x¶f, pkfWoIfdf 8f= clgns'df/ emf, dxf;lrjdf 8f= ls/0fk|;fb >]i7, sf]iffWoIfdf 8f=/fh]Gb|k|;fb kGt, ;x–;lrjdf 8f= :jod\k|sfz kl08t / ;x–sf]iffWoIfdf 8f= ch'{gk|;fb nfld5fg] lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . To:t} ;b:ox¿df 8f= e"k]Gb|s'df/ a:g]t, 8f= aneb|k|;fb bf;, 8f= /Tgdl0f uh'/]n, 8f= cGhgLs'df/ emf, 8f= s]bf/g/l;+x s];L / 8f= an/fd ld> lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 .

Ps jl/i7 pkfWoIfdf / ^ ;b:osf nflu dfq r'gfj ePsf] lyof] . pkfWoIfdf h]=Pg= kf08] k/flht ePsf lyP eg] k/flht ePsf ;b:odf ljsf;s'df/ u'Ktf lyP .

;':tfdf k'ln;sf] nfdf] xft

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

e}/xjf . ;':tfaf6 k|x/Ln] tLgj6f 6\ofS6/ / b'O{hgf 6\ofS6/ wgLnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . n' ! t !(() g]kfnL gDa/sf] 6\ofS6/ wgLnfO{ klg 6\ofS6/;lxt klqmP/ k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fv]sf] 36gfn] t gjnk/f;Lsf k|x/Lx¿n] ;jf/L wgLnfO{ cft+lst kf/]sf 5g\ . 6\ofS6/ n'lDagL oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no a'6jn cGt/ut btf{ eP/ ;+rfngdf cfO/x]s} lyof] . ef/tLo gDa/sf] 6\ofS6/;lxt k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf ;':tf lgjf;L ab|L cfndnfO{ eg] k|x/Ln] sf/jfxL rnfpg e+;f/ sfof{no e}/xjf a'emfPsf] 5 .

;':tfdf k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf 6\ofS6/x¿ / 6\ofS6/ wgLsf] ;DaGwdf ;':tfjf;Lx¿n] gjnk/f;Lsf k|x/L pk/LIfs k'is/ /]UdL;"u u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;':tf ljjflbt If]q ePsf] / ef}uflns hl6ntfn] 3]l/Psf] o; If]qdf s'g} b]zdf ;jf/L ;fwg e+;f/ k|j]z u/fpg] k|rng g/x]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ . g]kfns} e"efuaf6 ;':tfdf uf8Lx¿ Nofpg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . /, ef/ts} af6f] k|of]u ug{ ;':tfjf;Lx¿ jfWo /x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo hgtfsf] u'gf;f] ;'g]kl5 pk/LIfs /]UdLn] ;':tf ljjflbt If]q / ef}uf]lns cj:yfn] si6k|b /x]sf] hfgsf/L cfkm\g} ;xsdL{n] glbPsf]n] k|x/Ln] 6\ofS6/;lxt wgLnfO{ kmqmfp u/L NofPsf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . jftf{df ;xefuL /f]hldofsf cg';f/ pk/LIfs /]UdLn] d zld{Gbf 5' daf6 e"n e};Sof] egL eGg'ePsf] 5 . . e}/xjf h]ndf ePsf ab|L cfndnfO{ 5'6fpg tkfO{x¿n] klg /sd h'6fpg'xf];\ . d klg s]xL /sd lbG5' w/f}6Ldf 5'6fpg' k¥of] egL atfPsf lyP .

;DalGwt If]qsf lgjt{dfg uflj; cWoIf 6]sgf/fo0f pkfWofon] eGg'x'G5– ;':tf If]qdf a;f]jf; ePsf JolQmx¿n] ef/tLo gDa/sf] 6\ofS6/ g} k|of]u ug'{kg]{ jfWotf g} 5, o:tf] pbfx/0fsf] ts{ pxf"sf] o:tf] 5– eG;f/sf] gfsf g} 5}g, ;':tfdf a;]sf clwsf+z JolQmx¿sf] gful/stf g} 5}g . oxf"sf gful/sx¿n] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|of]u ubf{ ef/tLo If]qsf] af6f] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ jfWotf /x]sf] 5 . ;':tfsf] rf/ lbzfdWo] Ps lbzf g]kfnsf] If]q k/] klg ;':tf / klSnxjfsf] aLrdf u08s gf/fo0fL gbL /x]sf]n] uf8Lsf] k|of]u ug{ ef/tLo If]qs} cfjZostf kg]{ hl6ntf /x]sf] 5 .

k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ k|x/L kf]i6 ;':tfsf O{=sdfgl;+x v8\sfn] ef/tLo gDa/sf] 6\ofS6/nfO{ ;':tfaf6 klqmP/ eG;f/ a'emfPsf] v08df eG;f/af6 sldzg cfpg] ePsf]n] ;f]xL sldzgsf] rSs/df xfn} cfPsf k|=p=/]UdLnfO{ ;':tfsf] l:yltaf/] s'g} klg hfgsf/L glbOsg ef/tLo gDa/ / z+sf:kb g]kfnL gDa/sf] 6\ofS6/ ;':tfdf 5 egL hfgsf/L /]UdLnfO{ lbO{ 6\ofS6/ wgLnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . ;':tfsf] k|x/LnfO{ 6\ofS6/ klqmg Ok|sf j]nf6f/Lsf k|x/Lx¿ klg uPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .

;':tf If]qsf] a;f]jf; @)@$ ;fnb]lv a;]sf] / oxf"sf afl;Gbfx¿n] ;f] ;dob]lv clxn];Dd klg ef/tLo gDa/s} 6\ofS6/ k|of]u u/L v]tL ug]{ u/]sf] s'/f k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ k"0f{?kn] hfgsf/L /x]sf] lyof] . t/ clxn] cfP/ k|x/Ln] To:tf] sfo{ u/]kl5 ;':tfjf;Lx¿ v]tL ug{af6 jlGrt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ .

O{=v8\sfsf] p208tfsf] Jojxf/af6 clxn] ;':tfsf o'jsx¿ ;':tf 5f]8]/ efUg ljjz ePsf 5g\ . s]xL dlxgf klxn] ;':tfsf /fdrGb| ;]7nfO{ O{=v8\sfn] ljgfsf/0f s'6]sf] 36gfn] ;':tfjf;Lx¿ pgLk|lt cfqmf]lzt ag]sf lyP . /, clxn] pgn] 6\ofS6/af6 cfpg] sldzgsf] nflu 6\ofS6/ klqmP/ sf/jfxL u/fPsf] 36gfn] ;':tf olta]nf k|x/Laf6 kLl8t ag]sf] 5 eg] s'g} a]nf klg ;':tfaf;Lx¿sf] w}o{ 6'6\g uof] eg] k|x/L / ;':tfaf;Lx¿aLr clk|o 36gf gxf]nf eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .

klxnf] kfgf | ;Dkfblso | dgf]/~hg | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f | cg'ej÷cGtjftf{ | v]ns'b