sf7df08f}+, kmfNu'0f !! @)%(

ljljw

lgliqmo shf{sf] hf]lvd

g]kfnsf] a}lsË If]qdf a9\b} uPsf] lgliqmo shf{ lgs} 8/nfUbf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] atfOG5 . jfl0fHo a}+sn] k|jflxt u/]sf] s"n shf{df em08} Ps ltxfO shf{ lgliqmo cyf{t\ 8'Ag nfu]sf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf clwsf/Lx¿sf cg';f/ xfd|f] lgliqmo shf{sf] cg'kft blIf0f–k"jL{ Pl;ofnL d'n'sx¿df cfly{s ;+s6 cfpg] ;do Toxf" b]vfk/]sf] :t/tkm{ cled'v x'"b}5 . cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifn] k|sflzt u/]sf] Building Strong Banks through surveillance and Reform gfds k':tsdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;ofdf cfly{s ;+s6 cfp"bf dn]l;ofsf a}+sx¿sf] lglZqmo shf{ hDdf !( k|ltzt dfq lyof] . hals g]kfnsf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] lgliqmo shf{sf] cg'kft ltgn] u/]sf] s"n shf{ nufgLsf] @* k|ltzt gfl3;s]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf cfly{s ;+s6 b]vfkbf{ yfOn}08df o:tf] shf{sf] c+z $* k|ltzt / O08f]g]l;ofdf em08} cfwf $( k|ltzt k'u]sf] lyof] .

t/ ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df lgliqmo shf{ ljsf;zLn d'n'sx¿sf] eGbf lgs} tNnf]:t/df /x] klg Toxf" cfly{s ;+s6 b]vfk/]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf jrt / shf{ ;+s6 b]vf kbf{ Toxf" lgliqmo shf{sf] c+z s"n shf{sf] hDdf $ k|ltzt lyof] . gj]{, :jL8]g, 8]gdfs{, xNof08nufotsf gl8{s d'n'sx¿df Toxf" cfly{s ;+s6 b]vfkbf{ o:tf] shf{ s"n shf{sf] hDdf !) k|ltzt dfq k'u]sf] lyof] . Pl;ofsf ljsl;t d'n's sf]l/of / hfkfgdf o:tf] shf{ / k|ltzt k'Ubf ljQLo ;d:ofx¿ b]vfk/]sf lyP . o'/f]k / cd]l/sfsf d'n'sdf ;fdfGofj:yfdf o:tf] shf{ Hofb} Go"g x'g] ub{5 .

lgliqmo shf{ s'rqm

a}+s ljz]ifdf lgliqmo shf{sf] c+z a9]kl5, To;sf] gp7\g] ;f"jf Aofhsf] Ifltaf6 a}+snfO{ hf]ufpg a}+ssf] gfkmfaf6 /sd ;fg'{kb{5 . gfkmf 36]kl5 a}+sn] cfkm\gf c+zLof/nfO{ lbg] d'gfkmf 36\5 . a}+ssf] z]o/ d"Nodf x|f; cfp"5 . ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf a}+ssf] 5lj lu/]kl5 o;k|lt lgIf]kstf{sf] ljZjf; klg x/fp"5 . lsgls lgliqmo shf{sf] a9\bf] cg'kftn] a}+ssf ;+rfnsx¿sf] cbIftf k|blz{t ub{5 . hyfefjL nufgL ug]{ a}+sn] cfkm\g} jrt klg 8'afOb]nf eGg] eo JolQm–JolQmdf ;[hgf ub{5 . oyfy{df a}+ssf] lgIf]kstf{b]lv a}+saf6 sf/f]af/ ug]{x¿ ;d]t t;{G5g\ . sf/f]af/sf] cfotg 36\b} uPkl5 a+}s cf]/fnf] nfUg' :jefljs x'ghfG5 . /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s / g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8n] o;sf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f k|:t't ul//x]sf 5g\ . c¿ jfl0fHo a}+s klg oxL l:yltdf k'u]sf eP xfdLn] klg blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;ofsf] ;+s6 ;fdgf ug{ klg ;SYof}+ .

d'n'ssf a}+sx¿df lgliqmo shf{ a9\of] eg] s:tf] c;/ k5{ t < ;a} a}+sx¿nfO{ 8'Ag lbP/ cfly{s ultljlw z"Go cj:yfdf ;/sf/ a:g ;Sb}g . p;n] cfkm" hdfgLdf a;]/ afx\o C0f OGh]S6 ug{ klg ;S5 . /, cfkm}+n] nufpg klg ;S5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf lgliqmo x'gk'u]sf] jf gp7\g] jf 8'Ag] 7flgPsf] C0f ;/sf/n] ;sf5{ . ;/sf/n] a}+sx¿sf] C0f lsGg kg]{ cj:yf cfp"5 . oxL sfd ug{sf nflu xfdL sxf" klg ;DklQ ;dfof]hg sDkgL :yfkgf ug]{ tof/L e}/x]sf] 5 . h;sf] d'Vo sfd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] k|jflxt u/]sf] C0f ;dodf p7\g ;s]g eg] To;af6 ltgLx¿nfO{ kg]{ c;/af6 hf]ufpg pQm sDkgLn] C0fLsf] lwtf] lnG5 . To;nfO{ ;'qmL–laqmL u5{ . C0fL;"u p7fp"5 .

o:tf] C0f lsGg] k|lqmofdf ;DalGwt lgsfo jf /fHon] l;w} gub k|jflxt ug'{kb{5 . h;sf sf/0f ahf/df d'b|f k|jfx a9L x'ghfG5 .

pkef]Qmfsf] pkef]u z}nL a9\5 . ljb]zL pTkfbgsf] pkef]u a9\bf ljb]zL d'b|fsf] dfu a9\5 . ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt 36\5 . Jofkf/ 3f6f a9\g hfG5 . To;nfO{ sd ug{ d'b|f cjd"Nog ug{'kg]{ cj:yf x'gcfp"5 .

xfd|f] kL8f

s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefun] d+;L/ dlxgfdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] tYof+s cg';f/ cf=j= @)%*÷%( df g]kfnsf] s"n u|fx:y pTkfbg $ ;o @) ca{ @^ s/f]8 @) nfv 5 . ut kmfu'g;Dd v'b ltg{ af"sL j}b]lzs C0f @ ;o & ca{ %% s/f]8 ^ nfv k'u]sf] lyof] / @)%* kmfu'g;Dddf cfGtl/s C0f ^( ca{ $# s/f]8 (^ nfv k'u]sf] 5 . cyf{t\ s"n C0f Psjif{ cufj} @ ;o &^ ca{ && s/f]8 !% nfv k'u]sf] 5 . ca o;df jfl0fHo a}+s If]qsf] lgliqmo shf{ klg ;/sf/n] ;sf/]/ a}lsË If]q ;'wf/ u5{ jf C0f lnP/ ;'wf/ k|of; yfN5 eGg] dfGg] xf] eg] ¿= @* ca{ ( s/f]8 *& nfv ylkg hfG5 . cyf{t\ # ;o $ ca{ *& s/f]8 @ nfv t C0f g} x'gk'Ug] /x]5 . of] s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] &@ k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g cfp"5 . cem o;df g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud -Pg=cfO{=8L=;L=_ / ljsf; a}+sx¿sf] lgliqmo shf{, ljut ! jif{df a9]sf] cfGtl/s / afx\o C0f hf]8\g] xf] eg] g]kfnsf] s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] Ps ltxfOeGbf w]/} a9L x'ghfG5 . ;f"Rr}, clxn] g]kfn C0f ltg{;Sg] Ifdtf gePsf]n] C0f lbg of]Uo d'n'ssf] ;"lrdf ;d]t gkg{ ;S5 .

of] s'/f cnUu} xf] ls g]kfndf cfpg;Sg] ;DefJo ljQLo ;+s6nfO{ dWogh/df /fVb} / låkIfLo / ax'kIfLo bftfx¿nfO{ pbf/tfk"j{s ;3fpg] l:ylt ;[hgf ug{ ljZj a}+sn] g]kfnnfO{ ;xfotf ;"lrsf] Go"g:t/af6 cfwf/:t/df :t/f]Gglt ul/lbPsf] 5 . h;sf nflu ljZj a}+sn] ;3fp"b} cfPsf] / k|d'v ;/f]sf/ /fVb} cfPsf] ljQLo If]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] k|ult d'Vo cfwf/ dflgPsf] lyof] . ;do ;'xfp"bf] s]Gb|Lo a}+s, g]kfn /fi6« a}+s, P]gsf] sfof{Gjog, ljQLo If]q ;'zf;gsf nflu cfjZos cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf / :t/ cg'¿ksf P]g sfg'g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog, cfly{s cj:yf lau|b}+ w/fzfoL aGg uPsf b'O{ 7"nf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s / g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8sf] Joj:yfkg s/f/df lbg] h:tf sfo{n] g]kfnnfO{ ljZj a}+ssf] w]/} C0f kfpg of]Uo:t/df p7fpg] OR5fnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg ;3fPsf] lyof] . ljZj a}+ssf] C0f k|jfx dfkb08 cg';f/ a}+sn] Go"gtxdf /x]sf d'n'snfO{ )–!% s/f]8;Dd jflif{s C0f k|jfx ug{ ;S5 eg] cfwf/e"t txdf /x]sfnfO{ @% b]lv #) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ k|bfg ug{ ;S5 . t/, ljZj a}+ssf] :t/ j[l4n] lghL nufgLstf{, ax'/f{li6«o nufgLstf{sf] ljZjf; a9fpg'sf ;fy} ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿sf] låkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo C0f nufgLnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fpg w]/} d2t k'¥ofp"5 .

lgliqmo shf{ lgoGq0fsf pkfo

cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifsf] Building storony banks through surreillance & resolution gfds k':tsdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] cfkm\gf] lglZqmo shf{ a9]/ ;+:yf 6f6 klN6g'af6 hf]ufpg rfx] eg] ;S5g\ klg . o;sf nflu k|ydtM ltgn] pko'Qm shf{ juL{s/0f k|0ffnL nfu" ug'{k5{ / JolQmut 7"nf shf{x¿ k|jfx ug'{ cufj} ltgnfO{ cnu–cnu ljZn]if0f klg ug'{k5{ . h:tf] rfn' / :yflkt gub k|jfxsf] cfwf/df C0fLsf] ;du| ljQLo cj:yf / ;|f]tsf] hfgsf/L lng], e'QmfgL Ifdtf x]g]{, C0fLsf] shf{ Oltxf; x]g]{, p;sf] rl/q x]]g]{, shf{sf] p2]Zo x]g]{, shf{sf] e'QmfgL x'g] csf]{ j}slNks ;|f]t h:tf] hdfgt l56f] x]/]/ shf{ k|jfx ug]{ xf] eg] o:tf] cj:yf cfp"b}g .

lj1x¿n] C0fnfO{ juL{s/0f ug{ klg 5'6\ofPsf 5g\ . cd]l/sL dfkb08 cg';f/ C0fnfO{ :t/Lo, ljz]if hlgt, sd;n, z+sf:kb / gf]S;fgL u/L kf"r txdf juL{s[t ul/G5 . :t/Lo C0fdf To:tf] C0fnfO{ lnOG5 h'g C0fLsf ;du| ljQLo cj:yf /fd|f] 5 . ;|f]t 5, gub k|jfx kof{Kt 5, ljutsf] ;fv lu/]sf] 5}g / /fd|f] rl/q 5 . h;sf] shf{sf] p2]Zo :ki6 5 / k'gM e'QmfgLsf] csf]{ ;|f]t klg 5 . ljz]if C0fdf To:tf sdhf]/ shf{ kb{5 . olb ;dodf ;RofOPg eg] a}+ssf] ;DklQ xflg x'gk'U5 . tL sfo{x¿ h;sf] /fd|f];"u ;'k/Lj]If0f x'g;s]sf] 5}g . C0f ;Demf}tf cw'/f] cw'/f] 5, / lwtf]af6 klg C0f c;'n pk/ ug{ sl7g 5 . sd;n shf{df To:tf C0fLn] lnPsf] shf{ bl/G5 . h;sf] ltg]{ Ifdtf lglZrt 5}g . z+sf:kbdf ltgnfO{ lnOG5, h;af6 k"/f C0f r'Qmf x'g]df k|Zg 5, t/ o;nfO{ gf]S;fg} eGg ;lsb}+g . lsgls clnslt C0f yk]/, sDkgL ufe]/, sDkgL vf/]h u/]/ klg C0f r'Qmf ug]{ cfzf eg] x'G5 . gf]S;fg} eg]/ To:tf]nfO{ hgfOG5 h;sf] c;'n pk/ ;Dej 5}g / ;'b"/ eljiodf yf]/} dfq p7\g ;S5 .

ljz]if hlgt, sd;n, z+sf:kb / gf]S;fg h:tf lgliqmo shf{nfO{ s;/L kl/eflift / juL{s[t ug]{ k|foMh;f] d'n'sn] cf–cfkm\g} dfkb08 tof/ kf/]sf 5g\ . w]/}h;f]n] efsf gf3]sf] # dlxgf;Dd ljz]if hlgt, ^ dlxgf;Dd sd;n, !@ dlxgf;Dd z+sf:kb / a9L gf3]kl5 gf]S;fgLdf btf{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/, ljsl;t dflgPsf u|'k ckm !) sf] ;d"xn] eg] ;f"jf Aofh, e'QmfgL gePsf] Aofh, k'"hLs/0f ul/Psf] shf{nfO{ lgliqmo shf{ dfGg] u/]sf] 5 . lsgls h'g shf{n] kfs]sf] Aofh ltg{ ;s]g, To;sf] Aofh} yk]/ d"nwg a9fPkl5sf] 7"nf] /sd To;n] r'Qmf ug]{ ;Defjgf emg\ emg\ sdhf]/ x'"b} hfG5 . lgliqmo shf{af6 cfkm\gf] ;+:yfnfO{ klg kf/ nfpg / /fi6«df ljQLo ;+s6 cfpgaf6 arfpg ljz]if hlgtdf !) k|ltzt, sd;ndf !) b]lv %) k|ltzt, z+sf:kbdf @) b]lv ztk|ltzt / gf]S;fgLdf ztk|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fg /sd 5'6\ofpg klg Joj:yf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] klg cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf oL dfkb08 ckgfO/x]sf] 5, t/ jiff}{+b]lv r'lnPsf lgliqmo shf{n] Nofpg] ;d:of eg] t'¿Gt} lg/fs/0f x'g] cj:yf 5}g . g]kfnsf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] b]znfO{ ;+s6lt/ n}hfg] eo cem} ;dfKt ePsf] 5}g .

a}+lsª ;+s6 cfOkbf{ lgl:qmo shf{sf] cg'kft

;fdfGo cj:yfdf lgl:qmo shf{

;LPgcfO{, ;LcfO{cfO{ ;DaGw lj:tf/

g]kfnsf pBf]u ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ nIo;lxt /fli6«o:t/sf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+u7gsf] ¿kdf btf{ ePsf] !) dlxgfleq} g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3 -;LPgcfO{_n] ;fs{ If]qsf pBf]u—jfl0fHo ;+:yfx¿;"u ;DaGw lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 .

;LPgcfO{n] hgfPcg';f/ oxL kmfu'g & ut] g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3 / ef/t pBf]u kl/;+3aLr låkIfLo Jofkfl/s ;DaGw / ;xof]usf] ;dembf/Lkqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . ef/t pBf]u kl/;+3
-;LcfO{cfO{_ ef/tsf] pBf]u If]qsf] k|ltli7t ;+:yf dflgG5 . o;;"usf] ;DaGw lj:tf/af6 cfkm\gf] Ifdtf clej[l4 eO{ kl/;+3nfO{ a9L ;|f]t—;fwgk"0f{ / j}rfl/s ¿kn] ;DkGg agfpg d2t k'Ug] ljrf/ ;LPgcfO{sf cWoIf ljgf]bs'df/ rf}w/Ln] JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 .

kf"r xhf/eGbf a9L k|efjsf/L ;+:yf ;b:o /x]sf] ;LcfO{cfO{sf] pkl:ylt ef/tel/ 5 . ef/tsf pBf]u / pBf]ukltx¿nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] w]/} d'n'sx¿df cfkm\gf] sfof{no vf]n]sf] klg 5 . ef/t / ljb]zdf o;n] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf P8ef]s];L ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . klxn] g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3;"u ;Demf}tf g} u/]/ cfkm\gf] 8]S; :yfkgf u/L sfd ub}{ cfPsf] ;LPgcfO{n] ef/t;"usf] jfl0fHo ;lGwnfO{ g]kfn d}qL agfpg ;g\ !((^ df ;lqmo e"ldsf v]n]sf] klg lyof] .

;LcfO{cfO{;"usf] ;dembf/Ln] ef/tLo nufgLstf{nfO{ g]kfn leœofpg ;xof]u ldNg] cfzf ;LPgcfO{sf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] lnPsf 5g\ . o;;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg ut cfOtaf/ cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;LPgcfO{sf cWoIf ljgf]b rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof], æof] ;DaGwn] g]kfndf ljb]zL nufgL cfslif{t ug{, ef/tdf g]kfnL lgof{t a9fpg / pmhf{ If]qsf] ljsf;df b]vf k/]sf uf"7fx¿ km'sfpg w]/} ;3fp k'Ug] 5 .

;LPgcfO{n] o:t} vfnsf] ;Demf}tf dfr{df a+unfb]zsf] d]6«f]kf]ln6g r]Da/ ckm sd;{ P08 O08i6«L, l;nf]g r]Da/ ckm sd;{;"u klg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . 5f]6f] cjlwd} ;LPgcfO{n] Joj;flos ¿kn] ;~rflnt / Jojl:yt x'g] ;lrjfno u7g ug'{sf ;fy} k|ltli7t pBf]u Jofkfl/s If]qsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tx¿sf] d~r, o'jf pBdLx¿sf] d~r u7g ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;n] ¿U0f pBf]ux¿sf] k'gM:yfkgfnfO{ cf}Bf]lus ¿U0ftf Joj:yfkg k|f¿k tof/ kfl/;s]sf] 5 .

t/ cfkm"n] p7fg u/]sf] ljifox¿df ;DalGwt If]qn] rf;f] gb]vfPsf]df kl/;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx¿ lvGg eg] 5g\ . kl/;+3sf cWoIf rf}w/Ln] k|]; lj1lKtdf eGg'ePsf] 5, æxfdLn] cfly{s / df}lb|s If]q;DaGwL k'gM;+/rgf, ;'wf/ / sf/f]jf/ nfutnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ / 36fpg, O08li6«on nfOkm nfOg, Jojxfl/s cf}Bf]lus gLlt, ¿U0f pBf]u Joj:yfkg gLlt / k|lqmof, cfos/ P]g ;+zf]wg, lgof{t s/ x6fpg, s/ k'gM;+/rgf cflb OToflbaf/] ;'emfj;lxt ljleGg dGqfno, ljefu / d~rdf d'2fx¿ p7fPsf lyof}" t/ oL d'2fx¿ s;}sf] rf;f]sf] ljifo ePgg\ .Æ

ljut & jif{b]lv rn]sf] lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmn] o'4lj/fd u/L ;'/lIft cjt/0f u/fpg u/]sf] kxnnfO{ ;LPgcfO{n] ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . o;n] cf]/fnf] nfUb} u/]sf] cy{tGqnfO{ x|f;f]Gd'v x'g /f]s]sf] 5 . o'4lj/fd kl5 pBf]u If]q / /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ;sf/fTds ;'wf/sf nIf0fx¿ b]vf k/]sf] atfp"b} kl/;+3 eGb5, æt/ o'4lj/fd eg]sf] Ifl0fs ;d:of ;dfwfg dfq xf] . o;/L ;'w|b} uPsf] cy{tGqnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg tyf lbuf] / bl/nf] agfpg :yfoL zflGt rflxG5 . h;sf] nflu k|:tfljt zflGt jftf{ ;kmn x'g'kb{5 .Æ

sf7df8f}"af6 l;w} SjfnfnDk'/

g]kfnsf nflu j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf lrlgPsf] dn]l;ofdf hfg ca g]kfnLn] c¿ d'n's pqg' gkg]{ ePsf] 5 . cfufdL r}q !( ut] -tbg';f/ clk|n @, @))#_b]lv stf/ Po/j]hn] sf7df8f}"b]lv l;w} SjfnfnDk'/df xjfO{;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

stf/ Po/j]hsf :yfgLo hL=P;=P= h]lgy 6«feN;sf k|jGw lgb]{zs Pj+ g]kfn Pzf]l;o;g ckm 6«fen Ph]G6\;sf cWoIf ho b]jfgn] æPo/j]hsf Po/j;x¿n] xKtfsf] rf/k6s sf7df8f}"–SjfnfnDk'/ p8fg ug]{5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf dn]l;of hfg] / kms{g] g]kfnLx¿ xfd|f u|fxs t x'g\ g}, To;dfly sf7df8f}"—SjfnfnDk'/ p8fgn] b'O{ ko{6sLo d'n'sx¿nfO{ hf]8\g]5 . slt dn]l;ognfO{ g]kfnn] tfG5 / slt g]kfnL dn]l;of e|d0fdf lg:sG5g\, tL ;a} xfd|f ;+efJo u|fxs x'g]5g\Æ, k|jGw lgb]{zs b]jfgn] eGg'eof] .

g]kfn / dn]l;ofsf gful/s jfx]s t];|f] b]zaf6 dn]l;of cfPsf ko{6snfO{ g]kfn Nofpg / g]kfn cfPsf ko{6snfO{ ;Dej eP Pp6} Kofs]hdf geP csf]{ k6s Pssf] d'n'sdf tfGg ;d]t of] l;wf p8fg kmnbfoL x'g]5 . stf/ Po/j]hn] @ ;o $% l;6 ;+Vof ePsf Po/j; #)), ^)) / ! ;o $% l;6 ;+Vof ePsf #@) ;]l/hsf ljdfgn] sf7df8f}"–SjfnfnDk'/ p8fg eg]{5g\ . stf/ Po/j]hn] bf]xfaf6 l;w} SjfnfnDk'/ p8fg eb}{ cfPsf] 5 . ca sf7df8f}" eP/ SjfnfnDk'/ hfg] csf]{ cfsif{s Kofs]h o;n] cfkm\gf u|fxsnfO{ lbg]5 . o;n] SjfnfnDk'/af6} hfstf{ p8fg ug]{5 . SjfnfnDk'/ ca stf/ Po/j]hsf] ;j :6]zg x'g] ePsf] 5 . o;n] SjfnfnDk'/af6 j]Olhª, 6f]lsof] / l;8\gL p8fg ug]{ tof/L klg ul//x]sf] 5 .

;fs{ If]qsf dfn] -dflNbE;_, sf]nDaf] ->Ln+sf_, lqj]bg, sf]rL, x}b/fjfb, d'DaO{ -ef/t_, s/f"rL -kfls:tfg_, 9fsf -j+unfb]z_ df stf/sf] bf]xfaf6 l;wf p8fg eP klg k"jL{ Pl;ofsf] dn]l;ofdf l;wf p8fg sf7df8f}+af6 x'g] ePsf]n] cGo b]zaf6 SjfnfnDk'/ hfg] ko{6s klg g]kfn eP/ hfg] df}sf kfpg] 5g\ .

clxn] dn]l;of sfd ug{ hfg] / uP/ kms{g] g]kfnLsf] rfknfO{ b[li6ut u/L zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] klg SjfnfnDk'/ p8fg ug]{ tof/L ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . o; ;DGwdf k|jGw lgb]{zs b]jfg eGg'x'G5, æxfdLn] sf]8 ;]o/ ug]{ k|:tfj /fv]sf 5f}" . o;f] ubf{ b'j}nfO{ kmfObf x'G5 . t/, an lgudsf] sf]6{df 5 .Æ clxn] ljZjJofkL ko{6g ahf/df dGbL cfPsf] / 7"nf7"nf Po/nfOgx¿ klg Psfk;df ufleg] k|lqmofdf /x]sf]n] o:tf] ;fem]bf/Ln] vr{ 36fP/ b'j}nfO{ gfkmf a9fpg d2t ub{5 . t/, PSnf PSn} ahf/ vf]Hg] / ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfng lz/f]ef/ jxg ug{ vf]Hg] xf] eg] dx"uf] kg{ hfG5 . stf/ Po/j]hn] bf]xf—sf7df8f}+ b}lgs p8fg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . cS6f]j/;Dd t o;n] b}lgs !! p8fg;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . t/, Toltv]/ df};dn] ;fy glbPsf]n] w]/} p8fg 9fsftkm{ n}hfg k/]kl5 o;n] b}lgs Ps p8fg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

8fS6/ ;f‘asf] gLlt, 8fS6/n] dfg]gg\

pHjn sf]O/fnf

sf7df8f}+ . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] gLlt t agfp"5 t/ To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog eg] ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f :jf:Yo dGqfnon] g]kfn clw/fHoleqsf] lrlsT;sx¿n] ;]jf k|bfg u/]jfkt\ lng kfpg] sG;n6]zg lkm / pgLx¿n] ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿sf] af/]df agfOPsf] lgod Pp6f pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5 .

:jf:Yo dGqfnon] ;a} hgtfn] ;a} 7fp"df pkrf/ ug{ kfpmg\ / ;a} lSnlgs / gl;{ª xf]ddf 8fS6/x¿sf] sG;n6]zg lkm Ps} ¿kdf xf];\ eg]/ gLlt g Nofof], t/ To; gLlt s'g} klg 7fp"df /fd|/L nfu" x'g ;s]g . :jf:Yo dGqfnon] agfPsf] gLltdf 8fS6/x¿n] lng] ;]jf z'Ns ;a}n] b]lvg] 7fp"df 6f":g'kg]{ eg]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 t/ s'g} klg lSnlgs / gl;{ª xf]dn] 6f";]sf 5}gg\ . o;/L 8fS6/x¿sf] ;]jf z'Nssf] af/]df ;a}n] b]lvg] 7fp"df 6f":g'k5{ eGg] s'/f cfkm"nfO{ yfxf gePsf] s'/f ldt]/L c:ktfnsf Ps sd{rf/L atfp"5g\ .

hgtfsf] :jf:Yosf] o:tf] ;Dj]bgzLn cj:yfdf klg 8fS6/x¿n] cf–cfkm\gf] ;]jf z'Ns cf–cfkm}+n] tf]s]sf 5g\ . ;a} lSnlgs / gl;{ª xf]ddf Ps} lsl;dsf] lkm kfOb}+g . sf7df8f}+ kf]lnlSnlgs afg]Zj/df k|To]s 8fS6/n] ;]jf z'Ns ¿= @))÷– lng] u/]sf s'/f ;+rfns uf]kfn sfsL{ atfpg'x'G5 eg] csf{ 3§]s'nf]df lSnlgs rnfP/ a;]sf cflzif x]Ny s]o/ ;]G6/sf nIdL cf]emf eg] ;/hgn] ¿= #))÷– lng] / s]; hl6n ePdf ¿= $))÷– b]lv %))÷– ;Dd lng] u/]sf] / 8fS6/x¿n] lSnlgs x]/]/ k};f lng] atfpg'x'G5 .

Ps k6s hf"r u/L la/fdL ;f]xL /f]usf] ;f]wk'5 / yk hfgsf/L tyf k/LIf0f l/kf]6{x¿ b]vfpg cfp"bf !) lbg;Dd lgMz'Ns ;]jf lbg'kg]{ / ;f]xL la/fdLnfO{ ;f]xL /f]usf] ;DaGwdf ^ xKtf;Dd ;'¿ z'Nssf] %) k|ltzt dfq lng kfpg] :jf:Yo dGqfnosf] gLltdf eP tfklg lSnlgs tyf gl;{ª xf]dn] Ps xKtf;Dd dfq lgMz'Ns ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ eg] To;kl5 cfpg] la/fdLnfO{ k"/} z'Ns lnOg] s'/f ;+rfns cf]emf atfpg'x'G5 .

of] gLlt ;a} lSnlgs / gl;{ª xf]dn] z'Ns 36fpg eg]/ NofPsf] s'/f :jf:Yo dGqfnosf dxfzfvf k|d'v 8f= a]g'axfb'/ sfsL{ atfpg'x'G5 . t/, klxn]sf] z'Nsdf s'g} kl/jt{g gul/Psf] s'/f sf7df8f}+ kf]lnlSnlgssf ;+rfns uf]kfn sfsL{ atfpg'x'G5 .

ptf :jf:Yo dGqfnon] eg] xr'jf kf/fn] of] gLlt NofPsf] b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kn] ;+rfng ug{ s'g} klg sbd rfn]sf] 5}g . o; gLlt w]/} 5nkmn u/]/ nfu" u/] klg To;sf] df]lg6l/ª eg] dGqfnon] ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f dxfzfvf k|d'v 8f= sfsL{ atfpg'x'G5 .

o; gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 ls 5}g / gug]{nfO{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] sf/jfxL ug]{ eGg] cfwf/ klg dGqfnon] lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . æo; gLltsf] kfngf gug]{nfO{ xfdLn] sfg'gL ¿kdf s]xL sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sb}gf}+Æ, 8f= sfsL{ atfpg'x'G5 .

x/]s lrlsT;sn] Ps jif{df slDtdf ^) hgf ul/a gof" la/fdL vf;u/L dlxnf, afnaflnsf / h]i7 gful/snfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ lgMz'Ns k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ s'/f o; gLltdf pNn]v eP tfklg o;sf] /]s8{ g s'g} lSnlgs, gl;{ª xf]dn] /fv]sf 5g\ g t 8fS6/n] g} . xfdLn] ul/a la/fdLx¿nfO{ lbPsf] pkrf/sf] s'g} klg /]s8{ /fv]sf 5}gf}+ . cGgk"0f{ gl;{ª xf]dsf Ps sd{rf/Ln] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfP . ;a} 8fS6/n] o:tf] lsl;dsf] ;]jf lbP/ /]s8{ /fv]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f dGqfnon] clw/fHosf ;a} 8fS6/x¿;"u ;f]wk'5 u/]/ sf/jfxL ug{ ;S5 t eGg] k|Zgdf 8f= a]g'axfb'/ sfsL{ cfkm}+ ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg .

hgtf g} cgle1

dGqfnon] hgtfsf nflu eg]/ gLlt t Nofof], t/ sf7df8f}+s} clwsf+z hgtf o; ;DaGwdf cgle1 5g\ . o:tf] lsl;dsf] gLlt cfpg nfu]sf] 5 eg]/ t ;'g]sf lyof}+, t/ nfu" g} eO;Sof] eg]/ rflx+ yfxf gkfPsf] s'/f clwjQmf s[i0f kf]v/]n atfpg'x'G5 . pxf" eGg'x'G5, æg t s'g} lSnlgs / gl;{ª xf]ddf 8fS6/sf] lkm eg]/ 6f"l;Psf] 5 g t :jf:Yo dGqfnon] o;;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] s'g} sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5, xfdL hgtfn] s;/L yfxf kfpg] <Æ pxf" k|Zg ug{'x'G5 . Pp6f lzlIft JolQmnfO{ t yfxf 5}g eg] clzlIft Pjd\ ul/a hgtf s;/L pkrf/ ug{ hfG5g\ t ;f]em} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . dGqfnon] hgtfnfO{ o; ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L / ;r]t u/fpg] vfnsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f 8f= sfsL{ :jLsfg'{x'G5 .

:jf:YodGqLs} k"j{ sfo{qmd

:jo+ 8f= pk]Gb| b]jsf]6f dGqL x'g'eGbf cufl8 sfd ug]{ ldt]/L gl;{ª xf]ddf o; gLltsf] nfu" x'g;s]sf] 5}g eg] cGo gl;{ª xf]d / lSnlgsdf s;/L nfu" x'G5 < klxn] pxf"n] Go'/f];DaGwL pkrf/ ug'{x'GYof] eg] clxn] pxf"sf] 7fp"df 8f= uf]kfn zdf{n] pkrf/ ;]jf lbO/xg'ePsf] 5 . o; gLlt;DaGwL Toxf"sf sd{rf/Lx¿ g} cgle1 5g\ .

o; gLlt @)%(÷(÷! b]lv nfu" u/] tfklg o;sf] sfof{Gjog # dlxgf;Dddf klg gx'g' hgtfsf] :jf:Yok|lt >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;Dj]bgzLn gePsf] b]lvG5 .

Eof6 / ;]jf z'Nsjfkt\ gl;{ª xf]d, lSnlgs cflbn] lng] /sd afx]s lrlsT;sn] a9Ldf lng kfpg] /sd ¿=

;d"x s

Pd=aL=aL=P;= jf ;f] ;/xsf] d]l8sn sfplG;ndf btf{jfnf lrlsT;s

! @ #

gof" # jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt % jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt

¿= &% ¿ !)) ¿ !@%

;d"x v

Pd=aL=aL=P;= jf ;f] ;/x u/L :gftsf]Q/ l8Knf]df k|fKt

! @ #

gof" % jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt !) jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] cg'ej k|fKt

¿= !%) ¿= !&% ¿= @))

;d"x u

;d"x ‘s’ sf] of]Uotf / :gftsf]Q/ -l8u|L_

! @ #

gof" % jif{sf] cg'ej !) jif{ jf ;f] eGbf

dflysf] cg'ej k|fKt

¿= !&% ¿= @)) ¿= @@%

;d"x 3

:gftsf]Q/ kl5 ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf]

! @ #

gof" %–!) jif{sf] cg'ej !) jif{ jf ;f] eGbf

dflysf] cg'ej k|fKt

¿= @@% ¿= @%) ¿= @&%

rd{/f]usf] ;d:of pkTosfdf

k|bLk kf]v/]n

sf7df8f}+ . cg'xf/df b]vfk/]sf bfu, 808Lkmf]/x¿nfO{ x6fP/ d'xf/nfO{ cfsif{s agfpg] p2]Zon] k|of]u ul/b}+ cfOPsf ;f}Gbo{ k|zfwgx¿sf] k|of]un] clwsf+z o'jfo'jtLx¿sf] r]x/fdf rds cfpg'sf] ;§f pN6} sfnf wAafx¿ b]vfkg{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

5fnf/f]u ljz]if1 8f= lbg]z ljgf]b kf]v/]nsf cg';f/ bfu, 8fa/, sNn]/f]u, 808Lkmf]/, b'aL, rf"of, sf]7L h:tf /f]un] ;tfpg nfu]kl5 dflg;x¿n] Pp6f bfusf] cf}iflw csf]{df nufp"bf emg\ uDeL/ ;d:of pTkGg x'gyfn]sf 5g\ . 5fnf;DaGwL x/]s k|sf/sf /f]ux¿ a9L lau|g uPdf, ;dodf pkrf/ gu/fPdf kl5 8/nfUbf] /f]usf] ¿kdf b]vfkg{ ;S5 . vf;u/L tLn sf]7Lx¿df a9L 3fd k/]df 5fnfsf] SofG;/ x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . To:t} k'/fgfvfnsf 3fpx¿ alNemPdf Melanoma, Basalcellcar Cinoma / Squamouscell Carcinonca h:tf SofG;/ nfUg] u5{ . h;n] ubf{ /f]uL a9Ldf Ps jif{ eGbf af"Rg ;Sb}g . 5fnfsf] SofG;/ klg d'6', kmf]S;f] hlQsf] hl6n x'g] u5{ . vf;u/L cf;]{lgs hGo kbfy{ ePsf vfBfGg, cf}iflw, kfgL vf"bf a9L of] /f]u nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿df 5fnfsf] /f]u j[l4 x'gdf kfgLsf] cf;]{lgs klg lhDd]jf/ 7flgPsf] 5 . pkTosf aflx/ t/fO{sf] kfgLdf klg of] tTj b]vfk/]sf]n] 5fnfsf] SofG;/ x'g] eo ;j{q km}lnPsf] 5 .

clxn] 5fnfsf] ;d:of ufp"df a:g]x¿df eGbf ;x/df a:g]x¿df a9L b]vfk/]sf] 5 . Pp6} 8fS6/n] kf"r÷;ftj6f c:ktfnsf /f]uL x]g'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf clxn];Dd 5fnf/f]u ljz]if1x¿ #% hgf dfq 5g\ . h;df klg Pd=8L= u/]sf t & hgf dfq 5g\ eg] @% hgf eGbf a9L 8fS6/x¿ pkTosf nufot d"n ;x/x¿df dfq s]lGb|t 5g\ .

clwsf+z o'jso'jtLx¿n] 8fS6/L ;Nnfx a]u/ cf}iflw nufp"bf / vf"bf g} of] ;d:of 68\sf/f] ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf] lrlsT;sx¿sf] 7x/ 5 . ;fdfGotof xdf]{gsf] sf/0fn] Pp6f pd]/ ;d"xdf 8G8Lkmf]/ cfpg] u5{ / kl5 To;} hfG5 . vfgkfgdf Wofg lbg] xf] eg] cf}iflw gnufP klg /fd|/L wf]OkvfnL u/]/} of] 7Ls kfg{ ;lsG5 . t/ tLg rf/ jif{b]lv 808Lkmf]/n] ;tfp"b} cfPsL wflbªsL @! jifL{of ;ljgf tfdfË a'waf/ l6lrª g} k'lug\ / 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfxdf cf}iflw nufpg] jfrf af]s]/ kmls{Og\ . pgn] 8fS6/nfO{ elgg\, ækm]o/ PG8 nEnL nufot ahf/df kfOg] w]/} cf}iflw nufP", t/ 7Ls ePg . s] ubf{ x'G5 lgsf] kfl/lbg' k¥of] 8fS6/ ;fx]a †Æ t/ pgsf] 808Lkmf]/ / ltn sf]7L lalu|P/ SofG;/ x'gnfu]sf] /x]5 . 8fS6/n] pgL lgSngf ;fy b]zfGt/nfO{ eg] . æa8f w]/} af7f] eP/ sfn lgDTofO{ 5 lar/Ln] †Æ t/ pgL lgsf] x'g] cfzdf g} v'zL;fy Toxf"af6 # ah]/ !% ldg]6df lglSnPsL lyOg\ .

rfof", kf]tf], 808Lkmf]/, bfu, kf08'/f]u, sf]7Lx¿ g} vf;u/L ;f}Gbo{tfsf b'Zdg x'"b} cfPsf 5g\ . s;}nfO{ t o:tf] rfof", kf]tf] olt w]/} / uf9f ¿kdf cfp"5 ls p;nfO{ s'¿k g} agfP/ 5f8\5 .

rfof", kf]tf], kf08'/f]un] k|foMh;f] h'g;'s} pd]/sf JolQmx¿nfO{ klg ;tfpg] u/]sf] 5 . h:tf];'s} jftfj/0f / :yfgdf a:g] tyf h'g;'s} k];f c"ufn]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ klg o:tf ;d:ofn] q:t agfp"b} u/]sf] 8f= kf]v/]n atfpg'x'G5 . o:tf ;d:ofx¿ ufnf, gfs, cf"vLef}+dfly, lgwf/df ljz]ifu/L cfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . w]/} k|sf/sf rfof", kf]tf]x¿ ;'¿df xNsf ¿kdf b]vfkg]{ u/]sf eP klg kl5 uf9f x'"b} ;Dk"0f{ efudf km}lnP/ cGttM cb\e"t /f]usf] ¿kdf ;d]t b]vfkg]{ ub{5g\ . 5fnfdf cfpg] rfof", kf]tf] / bfux¿ ;a} Ps}vfn] gx'g] / s;}nfO{ Psk|sf/sf] ;d:ofn] ;tfpg] u/]sf] 5 eg] s;}nfO{ cs{}n] .

clxn];Dd 68\sf/f] ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf o:tf rd{/f]ux¿df xNsf sfnf] kf]tf], uf9f sfnf] kf]tf], km';|f] glrnfpg] bfu, km';|f] lrnfpg] bfu, 3fp, vl6/f tyf 808Lkmf]/sf bfu, yf]Knf], yf]Knf]sf ¿kdf b]lvg] bfu, /ftf] bfu, sf6]sf] vt, cf"vfsf] vfN6f]df b]lvg] sfnf]kgf, 5fnf km'n]sf] bfu, lr/f lr/f kg]{ bfu, s'lxgf jf uf]nLuf"7fdf b]lvg] bfu, sf]7Lsf] ¿kdf cfpg] bfu, gLnf] jf sfnf] /+usf] bfu, ldl>t bfux¿ g} 5g\ .

oL /f]ux¿ xfd|f] z/L/df To;} eg] cfp"b}gg\ . /ut cz'4 ePdf rfof" / kf]tf] a9L cfpg] u5{ . o;/L z/L/leq :jR5 e} lg/Gt/ ;+rfng e}/xg'kg]{ /utdf s'g} sf/0fn] ubf{ cz'4 jf lasf/x¿ a9\g uPdf To;af6 z/L/sf ljleGg efux¿sf] 5fnfdf cfP/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 . dlxnfx¿nfO{ dlxgfjf/L u8a8L jf kf7]3/sf] /f]un] rfof", kf]tf] klg lg:sg] u5{ .

To:t} k]6sf ljleGg /f]ux¿n] ubf{ uef{j:yfdf 5fnfs} /f]ux¿n] ubf{ lg:sg] PnhL{ :j¿k lg:sg], of}g /f]ux¿sf] c;/ :j¿k lg:sg], c:jefljs z[ª\uf/sf] k|zfwgx¿sf] c;/af6 lg:sg], /f;folgs tTjsf] c;/n] pTkGg x'g], a+zf0f'ut sf/0fn] b]vfkg]{, /utsf] sdLaf6 klg 5fnfdf bfux¿ b]vfkb{5g\ . w]/} dlxnfx¿nfO{ dlxgfjf/L ;dodf gx'"bf klg 5fnf;DaGwL /f]u pTkGg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . kf7]3/ ;'lgg], ;+qmd0f e}/xg], ;]tf] kfgL aUg]nufot l8Da u|GyLsf l8Daafxs gnLsf ;d:ofx¿ tyf xdf]{gsf] c;Gt'ng x"'bf;d]t cg'xf/ / cGo efudf bfu b]vfkg]{ x'G5 .

uef{j:yfsf] bf];|f], t];|f] dlxgfb]lv g} ljz]ifu/L cg'xf/sf] 5fnfdf rfof", kf]tf]x¿ lg:sG5g\ . uef{j:yfdf dlxgfjf/L /f]lsg] nufot ue]{ e|'0fsf] ljsf;sf ¿kdf cfdfsf] z/L/df kof{Kt /ut gx'g] x'"bf To;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ of] /f]u b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] 5 . t/, of] kl5 cfkm}+ x/fp"b} hfG5 . k|fs[lts kl/jt{gnfO{ n'sfpg vf]Hg]x¿ s[lqd k|zfwg nufp"5g\ . kl/0ffd emg\ ;d:of ylkG5 . To:t} k]6sf ljleGg /f]ux¿ slAhot, cN;/, ckr, k'/fgf] cfp", sf]nfOl6;nufot lkQy}nL / sn]hf];DaGwL /f]ux¿n] ubf{ klg 5fnfdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;+s]tx¿ b]vfkg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

5fnfdf lg:sg] ljleGg k|sf/sf 3fp–vl6/fx¿ lau|bf klg of] ;d:of b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] 5 . To:t} w"nf], d}nf], vfgkfg, tftf], lr;f] kfgL vf"bf s;}nfO{ PnhL{ eP/ klg bfu, vl6/f cflb lg:sg] ub{5g\ . l;kmln;, ugf]l/of h:tf /f]ux¿n] cg'xf/df dfq geP/ z/L/sf] 5fnfdf ljleGg vfnsf vl6/f, bfu b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] 5 . t/, dlxnfx¿nfO{ of}gfËsf cGo ;+qmfds cj:yfn] ubf{ klg 5fnfdf ;d:of b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] 5 .

sltko JolQmx¿nfO{ j+zf0f'ut sf/0fn] ubf{ klg rfof" tyf kf]tf] cfPsf] kfOG5 eg] w]/}nfO{ eg] cgfjZos ¿kdf lj1fkgsf cfwf/df 8fS6/L ;Nnfx a]u/ nufOPsf lqmd, kfp8/sf] gsf/fTds c;/af6 cg'xf/ /fd|f] kfg]{ x"'bf s'¿k ePsf w]/} ladf/Lx¿ km]nf k/]sf] 8f= kf]v/]n atfpg'x'G5 .

ljleGgy/Lsf /;fogsf] cg';Gwfgdf nfUg] jf /;fogx¿sf] k|of]u u/L sfd ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ k"j{ ;fjwfgLsf ;fy sfd gubf{ c;/ kf/L 5fnfdf 3fp–vl6/f, bfux¿ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . k|b"if0fn] ubf{ klg o:tf ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . k|b"lift kfgL lkpg], /;fogo'Qm lqmdsf] k|of]un] klg 5fnfdf ;+qmd0f b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] 5 . /QmcNktfn] kLl8t dlxnf jf k'¿ifx¿nfO{ k|foMh;f] 5fnfdf kf]tf] b]lvg] / k"/} z/L/sf] 5fnfdf xNsf kx]+nf]kgf b]vfkg]{, /ftf]kgf x/fp"b} hfg], b'Anf] x'"b} emg\ cg'xf/df rds 36\g'sf ;fy} rfof" / kf]tf] klg a9L b]vfkg{] u/]sf] 5 . z/L/df cfPsf] rfof", kf]tf], bfun] ;f}Gbo{df g/fd|f] c;/ kfg]{ / z/L/df s'g} u9a9L 5 x} eGg] ;+s]t lbg] ePsf]n] 8fS6/x¿n] o;nfO{ g/fd|f] dfGb}gg\ . 5fnfdf lg:sg] rfof", kf]tf], bfux¿ x6fpg ;lsG5, t/ Pp6} k|sf/sf bfu, kf]tf]x¿ eg] ;lhn} cf}iflw k|of]un] dfq x6\g ;Sb}gg\ . rfof", kf]tf]x¿ 7Ls kfg{ s]jn aflx/L 5fnfsf] pkrf/ dfq u/]/ ;Dej gx'g] klg x'G5 . o;sf] sf/0f kQf nufP/ cfGtl/s sf/0fs} pkrf/lt/ hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;f] t clt s'¿k cj:yf pTkGg ug]{ 5fnfsf] bfu, vt cflb ljleGg efusf] …Knfli6s ;h{/LÚ u/]/ ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . t/, of] cToGt} vlr{nf] / si6s/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] k|fs[lts pkfox¿sf] cg's/0f ug'{ klg s]xL xb;Dd nfebfos x'g] 8f= kf]v/]n atfpg'x'G5 .

rfof", kf]tf] s;/L x6fpg] <

hyfefjL vfgf gvfg], ljz]ifu/L slAhot x'g] vfnsf vfB kbfy{ gvfPdf s]xL 5fnfsf ;d:ofx¿ x6\g] ub{5g\ . ljz]ifu/L xl/of] t/sf/L, ;fukftx¿, kmnkm"n, ;nfbnfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ . 5fnfsf] ;d:of x6fpg kmnfdo'Qm, le6fldgo'Qm vfgf vfg' h¿/t k5{ eg] cTolws dfqfdf kfgL lkpg'k5{ .

rfof", kf]tf] x'g]x¿n] lgoldt Jofofd kl;gf lgsfNg] u/L ubf{ a9L kl;gf lg:sbf lasf/ z/L/af6 aflx/ hf"bf klg rfof", kf]tf], bfu x6fpg ;lsG5 . To:t} n]kgåf/f klg ;f}Gbo{ a9fpg ;lsG5 . n]kgsf] lgldQ ;s];Dd k|fs[lts / tfhf s'/fx¿nfO{ dfq k|of]u ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu ljleGg vfnsf :jR5 df6f], kmnkm"nsf] /;, hl8a'6L / vfBfGgsf vf]:6f / lk7f]x¿, d;nfx¿ vflb ;d:ofcg';f/ 5gf]6 u/L nufpg' k5{ . jfkmsf] k|of]uåf/f klg rfof", kf]tf] s]xL xb;Dd x6fpg ;lsG5 .

csa/] v';f{gL cfDbfgLsf] e/kbf]{ ;|f]t

nf]s cfª\nf

wgs'6f . wgs'6f lhNnfsf u|fdL0f If]qsf s[ifsx¿ csa/] v';f{gL v]tLtkm{ cfslif{t x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

kmflS;j ufp" ljsf; ;ldlt j8f– @ lgjf;L s[ifs nIdL lnDa' eGbl5g\– æklxn] ds}sf] RofVnf;Dd vfgnfO{ wf}wf} kYof]{, t/ cfhef]ln ;f"em laxfg hfpnf] g} vfO/x]sf 5f}+ . klxn]–klxn] b; 7fp"df 6fn]sf] n'uf nufp"Yof}+ eg] cfhsn jif{df kf"r, ;ft k6s;Dd gof" n'uf km]l//x]sf 5f}+ .Æ

pgn] csa/] v';f{gLsf] Jofj;flos v]tL ug{ yfn]sf] tLg jif{ eof] . csa/] vf];f{gLsf] v]tL ug{'k"j{ b'O{rf/ k};fsf] cg'xf/ gb]v]sf] atfpg] nIdLn] clxn] ;fKtflxs b'O{ xhf/;Dd cfo–cfh{g ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

clxn] nIdL dfq xf]Og pgL h:tf csa/]sf] Joj;flos v]tL ug]{ s[ifsx¿sf] o:t} egfO kfOG5 . ;Ne g]kfn gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] wgs'6f lhNnfsf rf}la;] If]qdf a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmd nfu" u/]kl5 s[ifsx¿df o:tf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] xf] . ljz]if u/]/ kmflS;j, a"9Ldf]/ª, /fhf/fgL / 8f"8fahf/ ufp" ljsf; ;ldltsf s[ifsx¿n] csa/] vf];f{gLsf] Joj;flos v]tL nufPsf] kfOG5 .

gAa] k|ltzt s[ifsx¿ s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] wgs'6f lhNnfsf s]xL If]qx¿df clxn] pGgt tl/sfn] a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ s[ifsx¿df df]x a9]sf] 5 . o; e]usf s[ifsx¿ klxn]–klxn] ds} / sf]bf]afnL dfq nufpg] ub{y] . t/, k/Dk/fut k];faf6 xftd'v hf]g{ ufx|f] ePkl5 clxn] ds} / sf]bf]afnLnfO{ 36fP/ a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL nufO{ nfvf}+ ¿k}of" cfocfh{g ug{ kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no wgs'6fn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ csa/] vf];f{gL clws dfqfdf pTkfbg x'g] uflj;x¿df kmflS;j, a"9Ldf]/ª, 8f"8fahf/ / wgs'6f gu/kflnsf * / ( /x]sf 5g\ . olsg tYofÍ geP tfklg wgs'6f lhNnfaf6 pTkfbg ePsf] vf];f{gLaf6 jflif{s #) nfv ¿k}of" eGbf a9L k};f lelqg] u/]sf] 5 wgs'6fdf .

;Ne g]kfn gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] wgs'6f lhNnfsf pT;flxt s[ifsx¿nfO{ ;do–;dodf t/sf/L v]tL;DaGwL tflndx¿ lbg] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L tflndaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] 1fgnfO{ s[ifsx¿n] ;b'kof]u u¿g\ eGg] x]t'n] lgMz'Ns aLp–lahgx¿ s[ifsx¿nfO{ k|bfg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] s'/f ;Ne g]kfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs /fh]Gb| k|wfg atfpg'x'G5 .

pxf" eGg'x'G5– æxfdLx¿n] t/sf/L v]tLsf nflu ljz]if Kofs]h sfo{qmdx¿ u|fdL0f e]udf nu]kl5 s[ifsx¿sf] hLjg:t/ ;'lw|Psf] xf] .Æ xfn wgs'6f lhNnfsf] kmflS;j, a"9Ldf]/ª / 8f"8f"ahf/df csa/] v';f{gLsf] Joj;flos v]tL nufpg] s[ifsx¿sf] xf]8afhL rn]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf csa/] vf];f{gL v]tLsf nflu xfjfkfgL cToGt /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . xfjfkfgLn] ubf{ g} o; If]qdf pTkfbg ePsf] v';f{gLsf] /+u / u'0f:t/ c¿ 7fp"df pTkfbg ePsf] eGbf a]Un} kfOPsf] s'/f lhNnf ljsf; sfof{no wgs'6fn] hgfPsf] 5 .

dxfb]jsf] ;DklQ c´} cltqmd0f †

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

hn]Zj/ . aL; jif{b]lv hn]Zj/nfO{ gu/kflnsfn] x8\k]/ /fv]sf] hn]Zj/gfy dxfb]j u'7Lsf] b; laufx !$ s¶f If]qsf] rf/j6f kf]v/L u'7L ;+:yfgn] cem} lkmtf{ lng ;s]sf] 5}g . x/]s ;ftf ;f]daf/ / ljxLjf/ ahf/ nfUg] ePsf] / kf]v/Lx¿df dT:okfng u/]/ cfDbfgL a9fpg ;lsg] ePsf]n] @)#( ;fndf hn]Zj/ gu/kflnsf :yfkgf x'"bf tTsfnLg hgk|ltlglwx¿n] hn]Zj/gfy dxfb]j u'7Lsf rf/j6f kf]v/L / Psj6f k]l7of" -xf6_ nfO{ cwLgdf lnPsf lyP . lj=;= @)#( ;fndf hn]Zj/ gu/kflnsf :yfkgf x'"bf $ ljufxfsf] a¿0f ;/, !( s¶fsf] k'/gb/ ;/, # ljufxf !% s¶fsf] wf]ljofxL eGg] k'/gL kf]v/L / @ ljufxfdf km}lnPsf] dx+y kf]v/L cwLgdf lnOof] . ;fy} a¿0f ;/dfly nfUb} cfPsf] u'7L xf6 -k]l7of"_ ;d]t cwLgdf lnbf gu/sf] cfo a9\of] t/ dxfb]j dlGb/sf] cfDbfgL lbgfg'lbg 36\b} uof] . :yfgLo a'l4hLjL Pj+ Ps ;fKtflxs klqsfsf k"j{ ;Dkfbs /fd:j¿k jL=P=eGb5g\– æhn]Zj/gfysf] ;DklQ ;Demf}tf u/]/ lbg'kg]{ lyof], t/ To;f] ePg . s'g} lnlvt ;Demf}tfljgf lnOPsf] ;f] sfo{nfO{ cltqmd0f g} eGg ;lsG5 .Æ

o; ;DaGwdf hn]Zj/gfy u'7LnfO{ lgu/fgL ub}{+ cfPsf hgsk'/ /fddlGb/ u'7Lsf k|d'v hok|;fb /]UdL eGb5g\, æhn]Zj/ gu/kflnsfn] cltqmd0f u/]kl5 dxfb]j dlGb/ jf u'7Ln] em08} ! s/f]8 eGbf a9Lsf] cfDbfgL u'dfPsf] 5 .Æ /fddlGb/ u'7L k|d'v hok|;fb /]UdLsf cg';f/ xfn hn]Zj/ gu/kflnsfn] kf"r jif{sf nflu 5'§f5'§} 8fs ubf{ #@ nfv !$ xhf/ @ ;o && ¿k}of" && k};fdf 7]Ssfbf/x¿n] kf]v/L 7]Ssfdf lnPsf 5g\ . u'7L ;+:yfgsf] xfnsf] lgoddf u'7Lsf] ;DklQ gu/kflnsf jf cGo s'g} lgsfon] lnPdf To;sf] pkef]uaf6 cfpg] /sdsf] ^) k|ltzt u'7Ln], af"sL ^) k|ltztdf #) k|ltzt gu/kflnsfn] / c¿ af"sL dd{t ;'wf/df 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ lyof] . of] lgodfg';f/ hn]Zj/ dxfb]j u'7Ln] ^) k|ltzt /sd kfpg'kg]{ lyof] . hn]Zj/gfy dxfb]jsf] b'/fj:yf x]bf{ / hgk|ltlglwx¿n] b'O{ bzs u'7Lsf] t}gfyL hldgnfO{ cltqmd0f u/]sf] s'/f eGbf >4fn' eQmhgx¿ lhe|f] 6f]Sb5g\ . ef]n]z+s/ hn]Zj/gfy dxfb]jdf hnkfg ug{ cfPsf >4fn' eQmhgx¿ gu/kflnsf df]6fP/ ;x;| lxGb'hgx¿sf] cf/fWob]j dxfb]jsf] ;DklQ 36]/ plrt dd{t;+ef/ gx'g'nfO{ /fd|f] dfGb}gg\ . pgLx¿ o;sf nflu ;+ul7t eO{ cfGbf]ng rnfpg klg tof/ b]lvG5g\ .

ljl6ª b l/l6«6sf sfo{qmd s6f}tL †

>L % a8fdxf/fgL ;/sf/sf] z'e–hGdf]T;jsf] cj;/df g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7gn] b]vfp"b} cfPsf] ljl6ª b l/l6«6 sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] df]6/;fOsn p8fpg] / s's'/;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ :juL{o /fgL P]Zjo{ ;"u;"u} ljbf x'g k'u]sf 5g\ .

/fgLsf] z'ehGdf]T;jsf] cj;/df cfof]hgf ul/b}" cfOPsf] ljl6ª l/l6«6 sfo{qmddf o;jif{ b]lv afhf;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ dfq ;dfj]z eP . ljut a8fdxf/fgL P]Zjo{sf] kfnfdf eg] ;a}sf] dg /Dg] vfnsf df]6/;fOsn p8fpg], df]6/;fOsnn] g} ;ftj6f uf8Lx¿ hDk ug]{, df]6/;fOsnaf6 g} e/\ofª r9\g] h:tf /f]df~rsf/L b[iox¿ k|ToIf b]vfOg] u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} s's'/;DaGwL ljz]if cf1fkfng;DaGwL cToGt} hf]lvdk"0f{ tflndx¿sf] ;du| k|bz{g ul/GYof] .

vr{ s6f}tL ug]{ / nf]s ;+:s[lt lau|g]vfnsf kl/kf6Lx¿ x6fpgsf nflu b/af/ b]lv g} o:tf] pbL{ cfPkl5 sfo{qmd s6f}tL ePsf] Ps k|x/L clwsf/Ln] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfP . pgsf cg';f/– hl6n, ax'd'vL / r'gf}tLk"0f{ bfloTj af]s]/ sfo{If]qdf ;dlk{t k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿df Joj;flos 1fgsf ;fy} ;fd'bflos efjgf, cg'zf;g, cf6–lxDdt, snfsf}zn, zf/Ll/s tGb'¿:tL h:tf u'0fx¿ cTofjZos dflgg] x"'bf cfkm\gf] ;Lk b]vfpgsf nflu k|x/Låf/f of] sfo{qmd ul/b} cfPsf] lyof] .

:j=dxf/fhflw/fh dx]Gb|s} kfnfsf] k/Dk/f dfq Nofpg vf]h]sf]df k|x/Lx¿ klg Tolt ;Gt'i6 5}gg\ . pT;jdf klg ;do / kl/l:ylt cg';f/sf sfo{qmd ;dflji6 ug'{kg]{ /fo ltgsf] 5 . kmf}hL hLjgdf JofG8 lju'nsf] Wjlgsf ;fy b}lgs lqmofsnfksf] yfngL x'g] k|frLg k/Dk/f xfn klg kl/dflh{t ¿kdf sfod /xb}" cfPsf] 5 . k|x/L ;+u7gdf k|x/L Jof08nfO{ clxn] klg uxgfs} ¿kdf lnOb}" cfOPsf] 5 . t/ ToxL k/Dk/f dfq o;k6s k|x/L ;+u7gdf xfaL eof], gof" sfo{qmd cfPgg\ . @)$# ;fnb]lv df]6/;fOsn / s's'/;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ pQm sfo{qmddf ;d]l6Psf] lyof] . of] tflnddf a9L vr{ x'g], df]6/;fOsn lau|g], k|x/Lx¿ g} dg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgfsf ;fy} ljl6ª l/l6«6df vf;u/L afhfdfq ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] s6f}tL x'g k'u]sf] t/, o;n] Pp6f k|x/Lx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ tflnd g} s6f}tL x'g k'u]sf] s'/f tflnd s]Gb|sf Ps clws[tn] atfP .

cGt/f{li6«o kyk|bz{s lbj; ;DkGg

ut z'qmjf/, @! km]a|'c/L, @))# sf lbg 6'l/i6 Pzf]l;P;g ckm g]kfnn] …cGt/f{li6«o kyk|bz{s lbj;Ú (International Tourist Guide Day) dgfof] .

o;} l;nl;nfdf sf7df8f}" pkTosfsf] Ps k|d'v :yfgdf 6'uf{gsf ;b:ox¿åf/f ljxfg ( ah]b]lv ck/fx\g !@=#) ah];Dd lghL tj/af6 e|d0f ug]{ ko{6sx¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns e|d0f -kyk|bz{g_ ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg u¥of] .

nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] kf6gdf ul/Psf] pQm kyk|bz{gdf 6'uf{gsf cWoIf lji0f' 1fjnL nufot x/]/fd a/fn, lzj k/fh'nL, z+s/k|;fb nD;fn, e/t 9sfn, dbg/fh >]i7, s'df/]Gb| >]i7, >L/fh hf]zL, gj/fh kGt, d'Qm/fd cfrfo{ / /fh]Gb| zdf{ ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] .

tnfsM d'l:nd dlxnfsf] ;d:of

z'qmClif rf}nfufO{

g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsf j8f–* lgjf;L @* jifL{o lghfd sal8ofn] cfj]zdf cfP/ …tnfsÚ lbPkl5 >LdtL la§L PSnf] hLjg latfpg afWo eOg\ . hLjgel/ ;fy lbg] jfrf u/L bfDkTo ;"qdf af"lwPsf lghfdn] lajfx ePsf] s]xL jif{d} bf];|f]k6s …tnfsÚ lbO{ ;DaGwlaR5]b u/]sf sf/0f la§L PlSng k'u]sL x'g\ .

cfheGbf tLg jif{cl3 w'dwfd;"u} lajfx u/]sf lghfdn] cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ …tnfsÚ lbg'sf] d"nsf/0f bfOhf] b]lvPsf] 5 . bfOhf]sf] sf/0f v6k6 k/L klxnf] …tnfsÚ kfPkl5 sfvsf] afns af]s]/ la§L dfOt uOg\ . t/, dfOtd} hLjg u'hf/f ul//x]sL la§LnfO{ lghfdn] ^ dlxgfleq} nnfO{–kmsfO{ 3/df leq\ofP . Pp6f nf]Ug];"u j}jflxs ;DaGwdf af"lwP/ ;Gtfg;d]t hGdfPsL la§LnfO{ nfUof]– afa'af6 k/ /fv]/ ;Gtfg x'sf{pg sl7g x'G5 . 3/df k'¿ifsf] cg'kl:ylt kfl/jfl/s ;'/Iffsf lx;fan] klg hf]lvdo'Qm x'G5 . ;Gtfg;lxtsf] dlxnfsf] bf];|f] 3/hfd ;d:of/lxt x'"b}g . nf]Ug]sf] dlt kmls{G5 eg] ufx|f]–;fx|f] ;x]/ 3/ ;DxfNg plrt x'G5 . pgL 3/ kmls{g\ . t/, d'l:nd ;d'bfoleq tnfssf] kL8f ef]Ug] la§L PSnL 5}gg\ .

la§Laf6 eg]hlt bfOhf] gkfOPsf] emf]sdf klxnf] k6s …tnfsÚ lbP klg kl/jf/s} bjfadf 3/df leq\ofPsf] / kl5Nnf]k6s csL{ >LdtLaf6 s]xL wg;DklQ kfpg] nf]edf la§LnfO{ …tnfsÚ lbPsf] eg] lghfd glxlRsrfO :jLsf5{g\ .

la§Låf/f cfkm" cGofodf k/]sf]af/] :yfgLo dlxnf hfu[lt ;]ndf ph'/L lbPkl5 ;f] ;]nsf] ;lqmotfdf la§LnfO{ lghfdsf] 3/af6 c+z lbg] Joj:yf ePsf] 5, t/ o;n] dfq la§Lsf] kL8f sd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . kl/Tofu t dlxnfsf] dfgl;s x]nf 5"b+}5 To;dfly aRrfsf] kL/ klg .

g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsf a8f– !& lgjf;L ;dL/f k7fgnfO{ x]/] x'G5 . pgL klg nf]Ug]sf] …tnfsÚ af6 rf]6 kfPsL dlxnf x'g\ . Ps 5f]/LsL cfdf ;dL/fnfO{ ljjfx ePsf] rf/jif{d} nf]Ug]åf/f ;DaGwlaR5]b u/L pgL p/f7 nfUbf] hLjg ef]Ub}l5g\ .

cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] wfld{s dfGotf / k/Dk/fsflj¿å x'g hfg] 8/n] ;dL/fn] >Ldfg\dfly d'2f ;d]t xflng\ . …tnfsÚ sf ;DaGwdf ;f]lwPsf] lh1f;fdf cfkm\g} af]nLdf pgL elG5g\– æxd sf sxL, s'5 gfxL+ hflgt xg\, pm tnfs b} lblxg\ ca dOs]d\ a}7] xg\,Æ h;sf] zflAbs cy{ xf]– d s] u¿" s]xL hflGb"g, pgn] tnfs lbOxfn] ca d dfOtd} a;]sL 5' . a[4 d'l:nd dlxnf h}t'g xnjfO{sf cg';f/– d'l:nd ;dfhdf nf]Ug]–:jf:gLaLrsf] ;fdfGo ljjfbdf nf]Ug]n] :jf:gLnfO{ tLgk6s …tnfs===tnfs===tnfsÚ eg]kl5 :jf:gLn] 3/ 5f]8\g}kg]{ wfld{s / ;fdflhs dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 . …tnfsÚ lbPsf] >LdtLnfO{ k'gM cfkm"n] Nofpg' kbf{ c¿n] ljjfx ul/Psf] tLg dlxgf !# lbgkl5 dfq Nofpg kfpg] ;fy} >LdtL ue{jtL ePsf] ;d]t x'g'kg]{ dfGotf ;f] ;d'bfodf ljBdfg 5 .

dlxnf lx+;f / b'Jo{jxf/lj¿4 lqmofzLn ;+3;+:yfx¿n] hgfPcg';f/ nf]Ug]n] lbg] u/]sf] …tnfsÚ n] ubf{ d'l:nd dlxnfx¿nfO{ cK7]/f] ef]Ug' kl//x]sf] 5 . dlxnf hfu[lt ;]n / ;fyL ;+:yf, af"s]sf] clen]v cg';f/ dlxnf k|tfl8t eO{ cfpg] d'2fx¿df jif]{gL * b]lv !) k|ltzt …tnfsÚ sf 36gf;"u ;DalGwt 5g\ . g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsfafx]s ejlgofk'/, lx/ldlgof", h};k'/, vh'/f v'b{, sf/sf"bf], k'/}gL, dlgsfk'/, xf]lnof, sf]xnk'/nufotsf ufp" ljsf; ;ldltx¿df …tnfsÚ sf 36gfx¿ a9L kfOPsf] tL b'j} ;+:yfsf] …/]s8{Ú df pNn]v 5 .

…tnfsÚ sf a9Lh;f] 36gfx¿ ;+:yfdf btf{ eP klg sfg'gL ¿kdf cbfntdfkm{t\ cufl8 a9]sf d'2fx¿ eg] lgs} sd /x]sf 5g\ . …tnfsÚ sf () k|ltzt d'2fx¿ ;DalGwt b'j} kIfsf] ;xdlt / k|x/L k|zf;gsf] ;d'kl:yltdf ldnfOlbg] ul/Psf] ;fyL ;+:yfsL cWoIf ejfgL /f0ff atfp"l5g\ . d'l:nd ;d'bfodf ljBdfg wfld{s s§/tf, 3/]n' lx+;f, cgd]n ljjfx, ul/aL / ;fdflhs s'/Llt g} …tnfsÚ sf] k|d'v sf/s /x]sf] cWoIf /f0ffsf] egfO 5 .

o; ;DaGwdf g]kfnu~h j8f–% df ;+rfngdf /x]sf] cgfyfno uf}l;ofsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf ofs'a xnjfO{ d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] wfld{s lgodcGtu{t k'¿ifn] …tnfsÚ lbg kfpg] clwsf/ /x]sf] eP klg cfj]zdf cfP/ PstkmL{ ¿kdf >LdtLnfO{ cnu u/fOg' wd{ / Gofo;+ut g/x]sf] l6Kk0fL ug'{x'G5 .

;fyL ;+:yfdfkm{t btf{ ul/Psf tnfs;DaGwL * j6f d'2fdWo] # j6f d'2fdf cbfntaf6 kLl8t dlxnfsf] kIfdf km};nf x'"bf klg d'l:nd ;dfhdf cbfntsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog u/fpg vf;} ¿lr gb]vfOPsf] sfg'g Joj;foL ;'/]z kf}8]n atfpg'x'G5 . kf}8]n eGg'x'G5– æd'l:nd ;d'bfodf wfld{s s§/tfsf] sf/0fn] klg dfGotfljk/Lt hfg] cf"6 yf]/} dfqn] u5{g\ .Æ

:jf:gL;"u ;DaGwlaR5]b u/fpg} kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf eP ;Dk"0f{ sf/0fx¿ vf]nL lgj]bg u/L Goflos lgsfoaf6 lg0f{o ePkl5 dfq ;DaGwljR5]b u/fpg] sfg'gL k|fjwfg /x]sf] atfp"b} clwjQmf ljhofnIdL cof{n …tnfsÚ sf 36gf /f]Sg u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf dlxnfnfO{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsf nflu hgr]tgf / ;Lkd"ns sfo{qmd k|bfg ug''{sf ;fy} ;fdflhs cfGbf]ng ug'{kg]{ hf]8 lbg'x'G5 .

;f}hGoM If]qLo ;~rf/ >f]t s]Gb|, g]kfnu~h .

hgsk'/sf gu/jf;L af6f] vGg cu|;/

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

hgsk'/wfd . ;fwg / ;|f]tn] ;DkGg dflgPsf] hgsk'/ gu/kflnsfn] cfkm\gf] j8fsf] af6f] vGg] ;'/;f/ gb]vfPkl5 hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+ $ k"mnaf/L 6f]n cfgGb gu/sf afl;Gbfx¿ cfkm\gf] af6f] cfkm}+ vGg cu|;/ ePsf 5g\ . :yfgLo hubLz 7fs'/ eG5g\– ækfgLsf] lgsf; gePsf] x'gfn] ;f]sf] lgsf; vf]Hg gu/kflnsfnfO{ k6s–k6s eGb} cfPsf lyof}+, t/ gu/kflnsf / j8f sfof{non] 6]/ k'R5/ nufPg . af6f] psf;]/ agfOlbPsf] dfq eP klg jiff{sf] lxnf]af6 dflg;x¿ hf]luGy] . t/, k6s–k6s 8]lnu]zg hf"bf;d]t gu/kflnsf / j8f sfof{non] ;'g]g . /, kmfu'g dlxgf nfUg yfn]kl5 cfkm}}+ af6f] vGg] lgZrodf k'u]sf 5f}+ . hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf !^ j6f j8fdWo] j8f g+ $ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 5 . If]qkmn / hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df x]bf{ of] j8f c¿ j8f a/fa/sf] b]lvG5 . of] j8f gu/sf] 5]pdf k/] klg Po/kf]6{ glhs} ePsf]n] gu/af;Lx¿ o;nfO{ a9L dxTjsf] dfGb5g\ . lsgls j8f g+ $ df k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, If]qLo k|x/L sfof{no, lhk|sf, k|lhc sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt nufotsf ;fgf 7"nf u/L @% j6f sfof{nox¿ ;+rflnt 5g\ . t/, lxp"bdf kfgL k/] klg lxnfDd} eP/ lx8\g'kg]{ lgoltaf6 j8faf;Ln] d'lQm kfPsf 5}gg\ . t/, o;k6s 3R3Rofpg] hgk|ltlglw klg gePsf]n] k"mnaf/L 6f]n cfgGb gu/sf @% 3/af;Lx¿ af6f]sf] kfgL ;'sfpg cfkm}+ s'6f]–sf]bfnf] lnP/ cufl8 ;/] . k|To]s 3/af6 PsPs hgf s'6f]–sf]bfnf] p7fP/ sfd ub}{+ cfPsf] b]v]/ kNnf] 6f]naf;Lx¿n] k|lt3/ kf"r kf"r ;o ¿lkof";d]t lnO{ an k'¥ofpg] sfd ul/lbP . ;fy} lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ug{ 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt ;d]t u7g ul/of] . kz'klt pkfWofosf] cWoIftfdf ul7t cf7 ;b:oLo 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf /fdafa' Gof}kfg], ;lrjdf hubLz 7fs'/, sf]iffWoIfdf /f]lxts'df/ ofbj / ;b:ox¿df /fdaxfb'/ e'h]n, cgdf]n kf]v/]n, dbg s0f{, b]j]Gb| emf / ch'{g rf}w/L /x]sf 5g\ . k"mnaf/L 6f]n cfgGb gu/sf o'jfx¿n] ;8sdf aUb} cfPsf] kfgLnfO{ /f]Sb}+ af6f]df df6f] /fVg] sfd ;d]t ub}{5g\ . pgLx¿n] d'/nL rf]s k'/fgf] a;kfs{v08sf] blIf0fdf nueu kf"r;o ld6/sf] af6f] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ .

k"mnaf/L 6f]n cfgGbgu/sf 6f]njf;Lx¿sf] pT;fx b]v]/ j8f g+ $ df kg]{ cGo 6f]nsf o'jfx¿ ægkfnfO{ 5f]8f}+ cfkm}+ s'6f]–sf]bfnf] lnO{ af6f] vgf}+Æ eGb}+ cfkm\gf] 6f]n ;'ud agfpg cu|;/ ePsf 5g\ .

cJojl:yt ¿kdf 3/ lgdf{0f x'"b} cfPsf] o; P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] ;x/nfO{ Jojl:yt kfg{ ef/t ;/sf/n] b'O{j6f nf]8/, ^ j6f l6«k/ / b'O{j6f 6«]S6/ k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . lbNnL gu/ lgudsL dL/f sf"af/Lofsf] kxndf k|bfg ul/Psf] ;f] ;fdfu|Lsf] hgk|ltlglwljxLg gu/kflnsfn] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . h;sf sf/0f gu/af;Lx¿ cfkm}+ s'6f]–sf]bfnf] ;dfP/ ljsf; ug{ cu|;/ x'g'k/]sf] 5 .

dxfgu/sf] ljsf; ult ;':t

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . b]zs} Psdfq dxfgu/kflnsf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf hgk|ltlglwsf] cefjn] ljsf;sf] ultdf ;':t ePsf] 5 . hgk|ltlglws} cefjn] ljsf;sf sfd ;~rfng / cg'udgsf] sfo{df sdL cfPkl5 ljsf;sf] ult ;':t ePsf] xf] . æljsf;sf] nflu lgsf;f ePsf] /sd s'g 7fp"df s;/L k|of]u eof] < ;d'lrt 7fp"df /sd k|of]u eP÷gePsf] hfgsf/L g} k|fKt x'"b}g,Æ dxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'v tyf sfo{sf/L clws[t ;"o{z/0f /]UdLn] atfpg'eof] .

dxfgu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb|Lo tyf j8f:t/sf of]hgfx¿sf] k|ult ljj/0f dxfgu/kflnsf;"u 5}g . ædxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;"rgf k|0ffnL / 8s'd]06]zgnfO{ rf"8} Jojl:yt ul/g] 5,Æ k|d'v /]UdLn] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg'eof] . k"j{ hgk|ltlglwx¿n] j8fdf ;|f]tn] wfGg ;Sg] eGbf a9L of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfb]z lbPsfn] klg clxn] ;':ttf b]lvPsf] xf] .

hgtfsf cfjZostf w]/} 5g\ . ;|f]t / ;fwgn] ;a} Ps}rf]l6 wfGg ;lsb}+g . oL cfjZostfdWo] s'gnfO{ k|fyldstfdf kfg]{ eGg] s'/f hgk|ltlglw gx'"bf sd{rf/LnfO{ cK7\of/f] kg]{ u5{, k|d'v /]UdLn] eGg'eof] . o;k6s dxfgu/sf] ljsf; ah]6 a9\g] ePsf] 5 . hgk|ltlglwsf] nflu 5'6\ofOg] / sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQfaf6 ar]sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd ljsf; sfo{df vr{ x'"b}5 .

dxfgu/kflnsf of]hgf zfvfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ j8f:t/sf ;d]t u/L xfn sl/a ^ ;o of]hgf rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo:t/df %@ j6f 7"nf of]hgf rfn' /x] klg s'g of]hgfnfO{ slt /sd lbg] eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o e}g;s]sf]n] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfd x'g;s]sf] 5}g . o:t} ^@ j6f gof" of]hgf af]8{af6 :jLs[t eP klg sfd yfngL eO;s]sf] 5}g / ! ;o ^) of]hgf :jLs[ltsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf 5g\ .

dxfgu/kflnsfsf] o; cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6 *) s/f]8 *& nfv #% xhf/ @ ;o @( ¿k}of" /x]sf] 5 . h;df ;fwf/0f vr{ #) s/f]8 &) nfv $@ xhf/ ! ;o && / ljsf;tkm{ %) s/f]8 !^ nfv (# xhf/ %@ ¿k}of" /x]sf] 5 . ah]6df tna, kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf vr{ !& s/f]8 %) nfv ## xhf/ /sd 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . h'g pQm ah]6sf] @@ k|ltzt x'g cfp"5 .

sd{rf/L g} jg df:5g\

k|]d af":tf]nf

df]/ª . æhxf" ;/sf/n] sd{rf/L v6fof], Toxf"sf] jg dfl;Psf] 5 . h'g 7fp"df ;/sf/L sd{rf/L vl6Psf 5}gg\, Toxf"sf] jg /fd|f] 5 .Æ

;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] g} jg df;]sf] of] uDeL/ cf/f]k ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf eLdk|;fb >]i7n] s]xL ;dok"j{ :yfgLo sfo{qmddf nufpg' ePsf] lyof] . x'g klg hxf"sf] h+un ;/f]sf/jfnf :yfgLo JolQmx¿sf] lhDdfdf 5fl8Psf] 5 Toxf"sf] ar]sf] 5 . t/ hxf"sf] jg sd{rf/Lsf] /]vb]vdf 5fl8Psf] 5, Tof] km8fgL eP/ uO/x]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3sf ;b:ox¿n] t b]zdf JofKt /fhg}lts c:tJo:ttfaf6 kmfObf p7fP/ k"jf{~rnsf ljleGg 3gfh+un k|x/L k|zf;g ;d]t nfu]/ km8fgL ug{ yfn]sf] klg bf]iff/f]k0f u/]sf 5g\ . ljb]zL ;+:yfn] x/]s jif{ ;/sf/nfO{ j[Iff/f]k0fsf] nflu s/f]8f}+ ;xof]u ub{5, t/ jgh+un 36]sf] 36\o} 5 . dxf;+3sf cWoIf >]i7n] j}b]lzs ;xof]usf] pkof]lutfdf k|Zg p7fp"b} eGg'eof]– æsltko lhNnfsf jg clws[tn] ;fd'bflos jgsf] vftf aGb u/L pkef]Qmfsf] clwsf/ vf];]sf] kfOPsfn] jg P]gdf ;'wf/ u/L t/fOsf] hËn pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ dxf;+3n] ;/sf/nfO{ bjfa lbO/x]sf] 5 .

bf}8fxf 6f]nL / e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f

a]gLaxfb'/ sfsL{ -clwjQmf_

clxn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg 6f]nLsf] gfddf & j6f bf}8fxf 6f]nL !$ c~rnd} bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ . ;+of]hs x]daxfb'/ l;+x / ;b:o hoaxfb'/ vqLsf] hgsk'/, ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf] df3 @) ut]sf] dn+ujfdf lg/LIf0f ;+of]un] b]Vg kfOof] .

6f]nLsf ;[li6k"j{ o;nfO{ uef{wfg u/fpg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] o:t} ldNbf]h'Nbf] gfdsf] cWofb]z Nofof] . oxL P]g cGt/ut sfd ug{ lx+8]sf] of] 6f]nLn] cfkm\gf] gfd / sfdsf] kl/ro klxn] ;+of]hs clg ;b:odfkm{t\ lb+bf/x]5g\ . t/ gfd sf6\g eg] of] t;{g] /x]5 . gfd h]eP klg sfd / p2]Zo eg] o;sf] pko'Qm 5 . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jf :jrflnt 9+un] l56f], 5l/tf], ldtJooL / ;j{;'ne tl/sfn] ;dod} k'¥ofpg] nIo g/fd|f] 5}g . eGgs} nflu eGg] xf] eg] t k"0f{ ljsl;t b]zdf em}+ h;sf] sfd pxL hfg] . aLrdf sf]xL ghfg] . hf"bf bnfnLsf] cy{ nfUg] / bl08t ;d]t x'g] wf/0ff atfp"b} JolQmut :jfy{, kf6L{ut :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ /fli6«o :jfy{df cfwfl/t eP/ sfd ug{ cfu|x ub}{ 6f]nLsf] sfddf ;xof]u ug{ cg'/f]w ug'{ klg g/fd|f] eGg ldNb}g . ;/sf/af6 u7g ePsf 6f]nLsf k|ltlglwx¿n] /fhfsf] ;lbR5f eGb} 6f]nLtkm{af6 hob]z ho g/]z eGg ;'¿ ePkl5 w]/}nfO{ k~rfotsf] k'g/fj[lQsf] ;Demgf x'g] g} eof] .

ckjfbnfO{ 5f8]/ dflyb]lv tn;Dd s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf e|i6frf/df d'l5Ps} 5g\ . 5ftLdf xft /fv]/ g]kfn cfdfsf] Ps d'7\7L df6f] 5f]P/ eGg] xf] eg] 6f]nLdf cfPsf tL klg rf]vf 5g\ eGg ufx|f] 5 . To;df klg cfp"bf] j}zfv;Dd Dofb ePsf oL 6f]nLn] /fd|/L a'em] x'G5– #) jif{;Dd Dofb x'g;Sg] ;fgf7"nf sd{rf/Ln] …cf5\o" vfof}+, a"5\o" vfof}+, em';] af¿nf]Ú eGg] pvfg rl/tfy{ ul/lbP eg] logsf] cg'/f]w !$ c~rnsf &% lhNnfdf 3'Dbf lhNnf k|zf;g / If]qLo k|zf;g s]Gb| jl/k/L s]xL ;o s'v'/f / af]sf–v;Lsf] anLdf dfq} ;Lldt x'g]5 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nod} 8]:s /fv]/ sf]xL ph'/L lbg hf"b}g . hxf" emg\ e|i6frf/ x'g] u5{ . of] b]zdf e|i6frf/ dflyaf6} lgb]{lzt 5 . lhNnfdf k|zf;s / k|x/L k|d'vaf6} e|i6frf/ ;~rflnt / ;+/lIft 5 . To;}n] oxf" v'n]cfd sfnfahf/L 5 . k]6«f]n, d§Lt]ndf ld;fj6 / rf]/L lgsf;L 5 . dn u'0f:t/xLg klg v'n]cfd laqmL eO/x]sf] 5 . ;a} sfd kf/bzL{ x'"b}gg\ . u}x|gful/s gful/s ePsf 5g\ . gful/sn] gful/stf kfPsf 5}gg\ . tL; jif{;Dd k|ToIf zf;g rnfpg] /fhfx¿n] t of] k|j[lQ lgld6\ofGg kfg{ ;s]gg\ . ;Lw} b/af/df kx'"r x'g] c~rnfwLzx¿ c;kmn eP . hgtfnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf lbg g;s]s}n] k~rfot uof] . ljr/f sf]xL klg gePsf] 6'x'/f] of] 6f]nLn] s:tf] ;]jf ;'ljwf b]nf <

u[xdGqfno cGt/utsf] ;x–;lrj:t/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otsf bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ cem dGqfno ljefun] s;/L x]5{g\, slt ;xof]u u5{g\, o;sf] kl/0ffd clxNo} eGg ;lsGg . t/, @)$^ ;fnkl5 lr;f] sf]7fleq sqmSs k/]/ a;]sfx¿n] b'O{ b'O{ c~rn 3'Dg] h'g k'/:sf/ kfPsf 5g\ . o;sf] pknlAw g} olQ xf] . …s:tf s:tf sxf" uP d';fsf rNnf b/af/ †Ú

klxnf] kfgf | ;Dkfblso | dgf]/~hg | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f | cg'ej÷cGtjftf{ | v]ns'b