sf7df08f}+, df3 )% @)%(

ljljw

e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ax';d:ofsf] r]kdf

emfkfaf6 kms]{/ vu/fh l3ld/]

sf7df8f}+ . 3/ kms{g] cfzfdf a;]sf cfOtl;+x du/n] ljut ! jif{b]lv SofDk aflx/ lx+8\8'n ug{ / cfkmGtx¿;"u e]63f6 ug{ aGb g} ul/lbPsf 5g\ . glg:sL gx'g] l:yltdf pgL glhssf] zlgZr/] xf6 eg{ cfSsn em'Ssn lg:sg] ub{5g\ .

lg/fzf 5fPsf] cfOtl;+xsf] hLjgnfO{ ;fy lbg]x¿ eg] SofDkleq} k|z:t 5g\ . z/0ffyL{ hLjgsf] j]bgfsf] ;f6f;f6 / :jb]z kms{g] pgsf] cfzf qmdzM lwdf aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 .

3/ kms{g] / cfkm\g} b]zdf kfl/jfl/s hLjg k'gM cf/De ug]{ cfzdf a;]sf v'b'gfjf/L lzlj/sf !@ ;o 3/kl/jf/ dfq xf]Og k"jL{ g]kfnsf sl/a ! nfv e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿sf] hLjg cGof]nu|:t aGb} uPsf] 5 . v'b'gfjf/L lzlj/sf z/0ffyL{ klxrfg ;lsPsf] ! jif{ k"/f eO;Sbf ;d]t k|Tofudg k|lqmofsf] ltlyldlt lgwf{/0f ePsf] 5}g . k|df0fLs/0fnfO{ cGo lzlj/x¿df lj:tf/ ug{ tyf klxrfg ePsfx¿nfO{ 3/ kmsf{pgsf] lglDt to x'g'kg]{ afx|f}+ r/0fsf] dGqL:t/Lo jftf{sf] ldlt tosf] clgZrttf cem} sfod 5 .

z/0ffyL{x¿sf] hLjg yk si6s/ aGb} uPsf] 5 . )%* ;fn d+;L/ !! ut]af6 ;+s6sfn nfu" u/]kl5 ;'/Iff lgsfon] ljgf cg'dlt pgLx¿nfO{ aflx/ lx+8\8'n ug{ /f]s nufPsf] 5 . To;a]nf klZrd g]kfndf a9\bf] ;'/Iff sfjf{xLaf6 aRg / ;+u7g lgdf{0fdf k"jL{ If]qdf dfcf]jfbLx¿ cfpg ;Sg] / z/0ffyL{x¿ klg sfjf{xLdf kg{;Sg] ePsfn] klg of] lgod nfu" ul/Psf] hfgsf/L zlgZr/] k|x/L rf}sLsf Ps hgf xjNbf/n] lbPsf 5g\ .

olta]nf z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ lbOb}+ cfPsf] /fxtdf ;d]t s6f}tL ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ ljut % jif{b]lv nufpg] sk8f lbg aGb ul/Psf] 5 . !% lbgsf] lglDt lbOb}+ cfPsf] * lsnf] rfdn % lsnf]df em/]sf] 5 . To:t} lrgL, t]n, bfn, cfn', kf}li6s cfxf/ h:tf j:t'x¿df ;d]t s6f}tL ul/Psf] 5 . o;cl3 pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ lbOPsf] bfn, lrgL nufotsf j:t'x¿ hf]ufP/ glhssf] ufp"df laqmL ug]{ uy]{ . o;sf cltl/Qm glhssf ufp"x¿df uP/ Hofnfbf/L ubf{ yk b'O{ rf/ k};fsf] d'v b]Vg kfp"y] . / oxL+af6 Ps;/f] sk8f lsGg] Ifdtf pgLx¿df lyof] . t/, xfn SofDk aflx/ hfg gkfOg] / leq} klg ;'ljwf s6f}tLn] pgLx¿sf] hLjg yk ;d:ofu|:t aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . kf}li6s cfxf/sf] ¿kdf lbOg] kL7f] aGb ul/Psf sf/0f s]6fs]6Lx¿df s'kf]if0fsf] k|ToIf k|efj b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .

æz/0ffyL{sf] hLjg zq'n] klg ef]Ug gk/f];\ . xfdLnfO{ of] SofDk h]n;/x ePsf] 5,Æ cf"vfel/ cf";' kfb}{ v'bgjf/L SofDksf ^* jifL{o nIdL vgfnn] eg] . blIf0fL e'6fgsf] 6]08'Ans aLr ufp"af6 nv]l6Psf vgfn cfkm\g} hldgdf dg{ rfxG5g\ . t/ pgsf] OR5f k"/f x'g] cfzf eg] sd} ug{ ;lsG5 . v'b'gfaf/L SofDkaf6 rfx]h:tf] kl/0ffd gcfPkl5 gof" af6f]sf] vf]hLdf e'6fg ;/sf/ h'6]sf] cg'dfg z/0ffyL{x¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . gof" ;+ljwfg, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq h:tf] gof" d'2f cl3 ;f/]/ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg{ vf]h]sf] cg'dfg pgLx¿sf] 5 . æ;+ljwfgsf] sf8{n] km]l/ ljZjnfO{ 5Ssfpg e'6fg nfu]sf] 5, o;n] z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfgdf s'g} cfzf hufPsf] 5}g,Æ v'b'gfjf/L SofDksf SofDk ;lrj v8fgGb /]UdL eG5g\ . ædfgj clwsf/ / ;'/lIft hLjgsf]ljgf Uof/]06L e'6fg uP/ kf] s] ug]{ < To;sf/0f :jb]z lkmlt{;"u} dfgjclwsf/sf] k|flKt klg xfd|f] Ph]08f xf],Æ/]UdLn] eg] .

z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{tkm{ g]kfn ;/sf/ eg] Tolt uDeL/ ePsf] 5}g . ef/tsf] ;xof]u ljgf z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] Ph]08f lnP/ ef/t uPsf] z}n]Gb|s'df/ pkfWofosf] 6f]nL klg Tolt cfzfjfbL b]lvPsf] 5}g . 6f]nLsf Pshgf ;b:o lx/0onfn >]i7sf] egfOdf ef/tsf a'l4hLjL / s"6gLlts lgof]usf clwsf/Lx¿ ;d:ofdf ;Dj]bgzLn 5g\ . t/ pgLx¿sf] e"ldsf ;/sf/sf] cufl8 k|efjsf/L b]lvg] l:ylt sd 5 .

/fhfsf k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf of] ;ldltn] lbNnLsf] bf}8fx u/]kl5 lbNnLl:yt e'6fgL /fhb"t sf7df8f}+ cfPsf lyP . t/ pgn] oxf" s] s'/f u/], k//fi6«sf clwsf/Lx¿ df}g 5g\ . :jb]z kms{g kfpg'kg]{ dfu /fv]/ l/n] cgzgdf plqPsf z/0ffyL{x¿sf] ;DaGwdf gof" pknlAw tTsfn} aflx/ cfpg] ;Defjgf eg] sd} b]lvG5 .

;jfnfv dfG5] ptfg]{ k;f{ g]lj;+3sf] tof/L

jL/u~h . oxL df3 !), !! / !@ ut] x'g uO/x]sf] g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3sf] gjf}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg df3 !) ut] :yfgLo cfbz{gu/ /+uzfnfdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfåf/f x'g] pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf ;jfnfv dfG5]sf] ;xeflutf h'6fpg] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . g]lj;+3sf dxfdGqL ofbj k+l8tn] hgfP cg';f/ k|rf/k|;f/sf] sfo{ sl/a &% k|ltzt k"/f ePsf] 5 eg] cGo tof/L klg clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . g]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s[i0f l;6f}nf, ;'lgns'df/ e08f/L, g]lj;+3 dxfdGqL ofbj kl08t / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljsf; sf]O/fnfsf] pkl:yltdf g]lj;+3 :yfgLo dxflwj]zg tof/L ;ldlt jL/u~h lhNnf ;ldltn] ;dLIffTds a}7s klg u/]sf] lyof] . ;+of]hs ljBfyL{ g]tf zDe' rf}xfgsf] bfjL 5, æxfdL;Fu /fHo ;+oGq 5}g, xfdL hg ;+oGqdf ljZjf; /fV5f}+ . ToxL adf]lhdsf] xfd|f] tof/L klg eO/x]sf] 5 . x]g'{xf]nf, lul/hfafa'sf] efif0f ;'Gg hg;d'Gb| cf]n{g] 5 .Æ

…hg clwsf/sf] /Iffy{ ;zQm ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng, k|ltudg / lx+;fsf] lj¿4 gjf}+ dxflwj]zgÚ, …dxflwj]zg cfGbf]ngsf nflu, cfGbf]ng k|hftGqsf nfluÚ h:tf pb\3f]ifx¿ gjf}+ dxflwj]zgsf] cj;/df cufl8 NofOPsf] 5 . c;f]h !* kl5sf] /fhgLlts b'3{6gfkl5 jL/u~hdf x'g nfu]sf] …o'jfx¿sf] s'Ded]nfÚ k|lt /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] Wofg s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . ljBfyL{ g]tf rf}xfg eG5g\, æ@)!@ ;fnkl5 klxnf]k6s jL/u~hdf k|hftGqjfbLx¿sf] s'Ded]nf cfof]hgf x'gyfn]sf] 5 . /, o; dxflwj]zgn] qmflGtsf] z+vgfb ug]{5 . ljBfyL{x¿sf] :jfutdf jL/u~h gu/nfO{ ;hfOPsf] 5 . k|ltudsf] lj/f]wdf qmflGtsf :j/ lbg] gf/fx¿ kvf{nx¿df sf]l/Psf 5g\ . jL/u~h qmflGtsf] e"ld xf] . ))& ;fnsf] qmflGtsf] ;"qkft oxL+af6 ePsf] lyof] . /f0ffx¿sf] lj¿4 jL/u~h g} klxnf]k6s uh]{sf] lyof] . o;kfln zfxL 3f]if0ffsf]lj¿4 r'gf}tL lbg]5g\ .Æ

ædxflwj]zg cfof]hgfsf] u'¿Q/ lhDd]jf/L ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg xf];\ egL :yfgLo cfof]hs kIfsf sf]xL klg r'gfj n8\g] 5}gg\Æ, ljBfyL{ g]tf rf}xfg atfpF5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ ;+3sf] r'gfj ;s];Dd ;j{;Ddt g} x'G5 . k|hftflGqs cEof; ul/g] eof] eg] klg ;+3sf] qmflGtkgfdf s'g} km/s kb}{g . rf}xfg eG5g\, æljBfyL{x¿ cfkm\gf] eljio aGwsL ePsf] b]Vg rfxb}+gg\ . To;}n] qmflGtsf] Hjfnfd'vL km'6\5, km'6\5 g} .Æ

rGb|lszf]/

aflnsfx¿ cfkmGtaf6} c;'/lIft

k/z' >]i7

w/fg . w/fg– $ sL rf}w jifL{of ;ljtf -gfd kl/jt{g_ ljut # jif{b]lv k6s–k6s cfkm\g} afa'åf/f anfTs[t x'g] u/]sL lyOg\, t/ pgL r'krfk cfkm"dfly cfkm\g} afa'n] ul//x]sf] of}gzf]if0f ;xg afWo lyOg\ . o;af/]df s;}nfO{ atfPdf 3f"6L lyr]/ dfl/lbg] wDsL afa'n] lbg] u/]sf] kLl8t ;ljtfn] k|x/L ;f]wk'5sf qmddf cf"vfel/ cf";' kfb}{ atfPsL lyOg\ . kLl8tsf cg';f/ pgnfO{ afa'n] cfdf / bfh' 3/df gePsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ Ps}lbgdf b''O{ tLg k6s;Dd ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{ u/]sf lyP . ut sflQs # ut]sf] /ftdf klg cfdf / bfh' lgbfO;s]kl5 ;ljtfsf] afa' pgL ;'t]sf] cf]5\ofgdf cfof] / ;bf em}+ wDSofp"b} cfkm\gf] b'isd{ bf]xf]¥ofpg yfNof] . t/ cfkm\gf] of]gLdf cToGt} tLj| kL8f ePsf]n] ;xg g;sL pgL csidft\ lrRofOg\ . 5f]/Lsf] lrRofx6sf sf/0f Ao'"lemPsL cfdfn] aQL afn]/ x]bf{ 5f]/Lsf] d'v y'g]/ cfkm\g} kltn] s/0fL ub}{ u/]sf] e]l6g\ . t'¿Gt} pgn] k|x/Ldf va/ u/]/ kltnfO{ kqmfPkl5 of] 36gf aflx/ k|sfzdf cfof] .

æcfkm\g} afa'n] 5f]/Ldfly u/]sf] of}gk/fw kTofpg} g;lsg] vfnsf] lyof] . of] ;dfrf/ ;'Gg] dflg;x¿ ;a} lha|f] 6f]Sy] klg . ck/fwLn] cfkm\gf], csf]{ eGb}g / o:tf] dgf]j[lQ afa'dfq xf]Og, sfsf, dfdf, bfO h:tf kl/jf/sf cGo k'¿if gft]bf/x¿df ;d]t b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 .

w/fg– & sL Ps dlxnf cfkm\g} l5d]sLsf] !@ jifL{of 5f]/Ln] ;w}+ cfkm\gf] bfh'sf] cK7\of/f] Jojxf/sf] u'gf;f] ;'gfPsf] atfp"l5g\ . !* jifL{o bfh' ;w}+ pgL ;'t]sf vf6df …hf8f]] eof]Ú eGb} 3'l;|g vf]Hg] / c¿a]nf klg lhl:sb}+ a]:;/L c"ufNg] ubf{ /x]5g\ . kGw| jif{d'lgsf aflnsfx¿ cfkm\g} kl/jf/ / gftfuf]tfsf k'¿ifx¿af6 klg of}gzf]if0f / of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf lzsf/ eO/x]sf] atfp"5g\ . w]/}n] aflnsfx¿sf] cjf]wkgfsf] kmfObf p7fP/ ck/fw ub{5g\ eg] sltko eg] yfxf eP klg 8/n] jf nfhn] s;}nfO{ atfp"b}gg\ .

aflnsfx¿ ;lhn} vfg]s'/fsf] cfzdf km":g] ePsf]n] klg ck/fwLx¿n] o:tf s'sd{ ul//x]sf] atfOG5 . ut jif{sf] ltxf/df b]p;L ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd x]/]/ 3/ kms{b}+ u/]sL Ps b; jifL{of aflnsf w/fg– & l:yt zflGtkydf b'O{ o'jsåf/f anfTs[t eOg\ . laxfg pgL ;8sdf /QmfDo / a]xf]z eP/ nl8/x]sf] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sL lyOg\ . w/fgsf] jL=kL= :jf:Yo k|lti7fgdf b'O{ lbg;Ddsf] ;3g pkrf/kZrft\ dfq af]Ng;Sg] ePsL lyOg\ . kl5 tL aflnsfn] k|x/LnfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ pgnfO{ b; ¿k}of" lbg] k|nf]eg b]vfP/ b'O{hgf s]6fx¿n] /ftel/ lgd{dtfk"j{s anfTsf/ u/]sf /x]5g\ .

To:t}, zf/Ll/s czQmtf klg aflnsfx¿sf lglDt clezfk aGg] u/]sf] 5 . ut ebf}df a/fx If]q uflj;sL Ps !$ jifL{of aflnsf ufp"s} ;Q/L jif]{ j[4åf/f anfTs[t ePsL lyOg\ . ;':t dgMl:yltsL tL aflnsf afv|f r/fpg uPsf] a]nf anfTs[t ePsL lyOg\ .

dlxnf tyf aflnsf;DaGwL ck/fwx¿ x]g{sf lglDt Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no w/fgdf 5'§} ¿kn] )%^ ;fndf :yflkt k|x/L dlxnf ;]nn] o:tf 36gfx¿sf] /]s8{ /fVg] u/]sf] 5 . Toxf"sf] /]s8{ cg';f/ klg ao:s dlxnfeGbf aflnsf tyf lszf]/Lx¿ g} a9L anfTs[t x'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . k|x/Ldf cfPsf ph'/Lx¿dWo] ;'g;/L lhNnfel/ )%^ ;fpgb]lv )%& ;fpg;Dddf # dlxnf / !$ aflnsf anfTs[t ePsf lyP . To:t} )%&÷)%* df # dlxnf / # aflnsf k/]sf lyP . of] jif{ klg ut ;fpgb]lv xfn;Dddf aflnsf anfTsf/;DaGwL ^ j6f 36gf btf{ eO;s]sf 5g\ . tL dWo] rf/j6f t w/fgleq g} ePsf 36gf x'g\ .

æaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;lhn} kmsfpg ;lsg] / zf/Ll/s ¿kn] klg sdhf]/ x'g] ePsfn] ;lhn} cfkm\gf] jzdf kfg{ ;lsg] ePsfn] of}g lkkf;'x¿n] a9L dfqfdf aflnsfx¿nfO{ g} cfkm\gf] lzsf/ agfpg] u/]sf 5g\,Æ k|x/L dlxnf ;]n w/fgsL k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs hfg'sf a:g]t atfpg'x'G5 . klxn]sf] t'ngfdf clxn] k|x/Ldf anfTsf/sf ph'/L a9L g} kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}x|;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿åf/f ;+rflnt ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿af6 hgdfg;df r]tgf a9]sf sf/0f o:tf 36gf gn'sfO{ k|x/Ldf ph'/L a9L kg{ yfn]sf] k|gflg a:g]tsf] wf/0ff 5 . t/ dflg;x¿df cem} r]tgf km}nfpg cfjZos /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{x'G5 pxf" . pxf"sf cg';f/, ljz]ifu/L aflnsfx¿nfO{ o:tf 36gfx¿sf af/]df ;ts{tf / r]tgf km}nfpg ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;/sf/L / u}x|;/sf/L:t/df ;~rfng ug'{ h¿/L 5 .

;flxTosf/ If]qLnfO{ lkt[zf]s

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL ;flxTosf ;Dafxs Pj+ o'jf ;flxTosf/ b'j;' If]qLsf lktf dfgaxfb'/ ;'j]bLsf] ut ljxLaf/ cfkm\g} lgjf; ljzfngu/ r08f]ndf lgwg eof] .

;'j]bL ljut b'O{ dlxgfb]lv cTolws /Qmrfk bdsf sf/0f la/fdL x'g'ePsf lyof] . &! jifL{o ;'j]bL ut sflQs @) ut] pkrf/fy{ lqlj lzIf0f c:ktfndf pkrf/ kZrft\ 3/df} pkrf/ u/fp"bf u/fp"b} lgwg ePsf] lyof].

:j= ;'j]bL a;'Gw/fdfg k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;+/Ifs Pj+ ;dfh;]jL x'g'x'GYof] . pxf"sf] ;+/Ifsfndf :yflkt ut;fnsf] %) xhf/ /fzLsf] a;'Gw/f >L k'/:sf/ jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ bf}nt ljqmd lji6 / ¿= @% xhf/ /fzLsf] dfg>L k'/:sf/ ;flxTosf/ ljho/fjnnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

o;}u/L g]kfn ;flxTosf/ ;+3sf ;efklt ljgo /fjnn] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L :j= ;'j]bLsf] lgwgaf6 g]kfnL ;flxTo snf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fsf If]qdf 7"nf] xfgL ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

ptf g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;b:o ;lrj 8f= t'n;Lk|;fb e§/fO{ / ;femf k|sfzgsf cWoIf Pj+ ;flxTosf/ lji0f'lje' l3ld/]n] klg :j= ;'j]bLsf] lgwgn] g]kfnL ;flxlTos cfsfzdf ck'/0fLo Iflt ePsf] zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ug{'ePsf] 5 . :j= ;'j]bLsf ^ 5f]/f / ! 5f]/L x'g'x'G5 .

vf]6fªdf kf]v/]n / ltdlN;gf d"n sf+u|];d}

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv g]kfnL sf+u|];df cfkm\gf] nufj /x"b} cfPsf] / kf6L{ cfrf/;+lxtf ljk/Lt slxNo} klg sfo{ gu/]sf] / kl5 klg s;}sf] axsfpdf kf6L{ km'6fpg] v]n / kf6L{nfO{ clxt x'g] sfd gug]{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ vf]6fª lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltsf ;b:oåo 1fgdl0f kf]v/]n / dgf]h ltdlN;gfn] cfkm"x¿ sf+u|]; kf6L{d} /x]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ .

t/, k|hftflGqs sf+u|];sf s]xL ;fyLx¿n] cfkm\gf] rl/qdfly xTof ug]{ u/L cfkm"x¿ k|hftflGqs sf+u|];df /x]sf] em'7f] gf/fafhL nufP/ sfo{stf{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf 8f]¥ofpg vf]h]sf]df To:tf zlQmx¿nfO{ s8f k|ltjfb ub}{ sfo{stf{x¿ ;a}nfO{ s;}sf] axsfpdf gnfuL sf+u|]; d"nwf/df g} /xg cfu|x ub}{ Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/L vf]6fª lhNnf sf+u|];sf kf6L{ ;efklt lzjs'df/ a:g]tnfO{ ;d]t lbO;s]sf 5g\ .

k'/fgf k':tssf] Jofkf/ lsGg]–a]Rg] b'j}nfO{ ckf/

sf7df8f}– 1fg slxNo} k'/fgf] x'G5 / < cx", x'"b}g . 1fg lbnfpg] k':tsx¿ k'/fgf xf]nfg\, lhNbf plSsPsf, yf]qf / x]b}{ kmf]xf]/L b]lvg] xf]nfg\, t/ To;leqsf] laBf jf 1fg t ;w}+ p:t} nf]enfUbf] x'G5 g} . sf7df8f|+}sf uNnL / leqL ahf/df of] s'/fsf] k|df0f ag]/ a;]sf 5g\—…;]s]08 x]08 a's zk †Ú

k'/fgf k':ts ;f6f;f6 s]Gb|x¿ ut cf7–gf} jif{b]lv g} sf7df8f}+df v'Ng yfn]sf x'g\ . cå}tdfu{df k'/fgf k':tssf dflns ag]/ a;]sf Jofkf/L /fdrGb| l/dfn o:tf k;nx¿ pkTosfsf ;lxbu]6, k|bz{gL dfu{, e[s'6Ld08knufotsf ynf]df u/]/ em08} Ps bh{gsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] atfp"5g\ .

k|bz{gL dfu{l:yt …xh'/sf] k':ts ;+;f/Údf gof"k':tssf cltl/Qm k'/fgf k':ts klg ljqmL–lat/0f u/]/ a;]sL t'n;L kf}8]nnfO{ …tkf"O+{ o:tf lsl;dsf k':tsx¿ sxf"af6 kfpg'x'G5 <Ú eGg] k|Zg ubf{ …ljBfyL{x¿ g} o:Tff k':ts kfOg] ;|f]t /x]sf]Ú atfp"l5g\ . o;/L vl/b–ljqmL ubf{ x'g] kmfObfsf af/] pgL elG5g\—æxfdL k':tsdf c+lst c;nL d"Nosf] $) k|ltztdf vl/b u5f}{+ / ^) k|ltztdf ljqmL u5f}{+ . o;/L xfdLnfO{ @) k|ltzt;Dd kmfObf x'G5 .Æ pgn] clwsf+; t kf7\oqmddf cfwfl/t k':tsx¿ w]/} vl/b–laqmL x'g] ePsfn] To:t} k':ts /flvg] u/]sf] atfOg\ . t'n;Lsf k;ndf k'/fgf k':ts ljqmL ug{ cfPsf sljk|;fb Kofs'/]nn] bf]xf]/f] kmfObfsf nflu k'/fgf a]r]/ k'/fg} lsGg] u/]sf] atfp5g\ . ægof" k':ts lsGg k};fsf] cefj x'"bf k'/fgf a]r]/ k'/fg} lsGb} sfd rnfpg] xfdL laBfyL{sf] afWotf xf]Æ,pgL eG5g\ .

o;}u/L k|bz{gLdfu{df …;]s]08 x]08 a's zkÚ rnfP/ a;]sL dxfnIdL a/fnsf] egfO eg] clns leGg 5 . o;/L k':ts vl/b–ljqmL ubf{ slxn]sfxL+ kf7\oqmd g} kl/jt{g eP/ k':tsx¿ Tolts} ylGsg] x'"bf obfsbf 3f6f klg a]xf]g'{kg]{ pgsf] cg'ej 5 . oxL qf;sf sf/0f k':ts vl/b ubf{ k':tssf] bfd Ps dlxgf kl5 dfq ltg]{ s'/f] klg pgL :ki6 kfg{ rfxlG5g\ . æslxn]sfxL+ eg] c¿n] 5f8\g nfu]sf k;nx¿ lnnfdLdf vl/b u/]/ klg k'/fgf k':ts e]nf kfl/G5Æ,pgn] elgg\ . klxn] gof" k':ts dfq ljqmL u/]sf] / @)%$ ;fn b]lv ljBfyL{x¿sf] cfu|xdf k'/fgf k':ts klg vl/b–ljqmL ug]{ u/]sf] pgL atfp"l5g\ . lbgel/df sltsf] ljqmL x'G5 eGbf vl/b–laqmLsf] ahf/ ;w}+ p:t} g/xg] ePsfn] pgLn] o;af/] cGbfh dfq} ug{ ldNg] atfOg\ .

e[s'6Ld08k :6n g+= %) df k'/fgf k':ts k;n vf]n]/ a;]sf ;nf{xL 3/ ePsf gf/fo0f ;fksf]6f klxn] jfNdLls SofDk; cufl8 o:tf k':tsx¿ ljqmL ug]{ ub{y] . clxn] eg] k'/fgf k':tssf] ahf/ /fd|f] b]v]/ pgL e[s'6Ld08kdf klg cfPsf x'g\ . o; lsl;dsf] k;n pkTosfdf ;a}eGbf klxn] cfkm"n] g} ;'¿ u/]sf] klg pgL bfjL u5{g\ . æc¿x¿ eg] gof" k':ts k;ndf k'/fgf k':ts klg ld;fP/ ljqmL ug{] u5{g\Æ,pgL xf":b} eG5g\—æt/ d eg] ;'¿b]lv g} k'/fgf]sf] k'/fg} †Æ o;/L k':tsx¿ vl/b–ljqmL k':ts k|s[lt x]/L @) b]lv %) k|ltzt;Dd kmfObf k'Ug] pgL xfsfxfsL atfp"5g\ .

laz]iftM c+u|]hL zAbsf]ifdf x/]s gof" ;+:s/0fdf zAb yk x'g] ePsfn] k'/fgf] ;+:s/0f eg] w]/} 5'6 d'Nodf s]xL k;nx¿n] a]Rg] u/]sf 5g\ . Pstf a'S;n] klg c;nL d'Nodf a9Ldf $) k|ltzt;Dd lt/]/ kf7saf6 k'/fgf zAbsf]if lsGg] u/]sf] 5 . ;]s]G8 x]08 a's ;k h:t} ckfos / leqL uNnLdf ePklg u|fxsx¿ Vff]Hb} k'Ug] u/]sf] k;n]x¿sf] cg'ej 5 . e[s'6Ld08kdf k'/fgf k':ts vl/b ug{ cfPsf cf/cf/ SofDk;sf ljBfyL{ nLnfgfy l3ld/] klg ljBfyL{ hLjgdf vr{sf] cefj x'g] ePsfn] k'/fgf k':ts ;:tf] d'Nodf vl/b ug{ cfPsf] atfp"5g\ .

zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] ejg cufl8 ;8s / kvf{ndf k'/fgf k':ts laqmL ug{ s]xL Jofkf/Lx¿ pT;fxsf ;fy k|tLIff/t b]lvG5g\ . oL k;nx¿df kf7\oqmd k':tssf cltl/Qm Go"hljs, 6fOd, l/8;{ 8fOh]:6 h:tf cGt{/fli6«o klqsf klg kfOG5g\ . gof" x'"bf &%–*) ¿k}of;Dd kg]{ oL klqsfx¿ !)–!% ¿k}ofdf g} kfpg ;lsG5 . To:t}, lkmNdkm]o/, :6f/8:6, l;g]ljs, cfp6n'snufotsf ef/tLo klqsf klg ;:tf] d"Nodf kfOG5 . cfkm'nfO{ dgkg]{ rnlrqsf lx/f]–lx/f]Ogsf t:jL/ x]g{ / sf6]/ ;+sng ug{ ;:tf lkmNdL klqsf lsGg]x¿sf] Toxf" 3'Orf] g} nfUg] ub{5 .

k'/fgf k':tsaf6 gof" 1fg lng] laBfyL{ Pj+ cGo kf7ssf] rfxgfnfO{ pkTosfsf laleGg s]Gb|df v'n]sf ;]s]G8 x]08 a's ;kn] w]/} g} e/y]u u/]sf 5g\ . oL k':ts s]Gb|x¿n] k|ToIf ¿kdf sdhf]/ cfly{s l:ylt ePsf laBfyL{nfO{ ;xof]u t u/]sf 5g\ g}, csf{lt/ ck|ToIf ¿kdf …laBf slxNo} k'/fgf] x'"b}gÚ eGGf] dfGotfnfO{ rl/tfy{ klg u/fPsf 5g\ .

b'uf{ kf}8]n -k|lzIffyL{+_

slt~h]n wfG5, o:tf] cy{tGqn] <

dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf sf/0f lju|"b} uPsf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf, ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/dflysf] cfqmd0f / To;n] ljsf; sfo{df pTkGg u/]sf] ult/f]wsf sf/0f g]kfnsf] cfly{s cj:yf rf}k§ ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ ;'Nemfpgsf nflu Pp6} df]rf{df /x]/ sfo{/t /fhgLlts bn / b/jf/sf aLrdf !* c;f]hsf] zfxL sbdkl5 cf/De ePsf] 6s/fjn] b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{ ljgf;sf] s'g ut{df k'¥ofpg] xf] eGg} g;lsg] ePsf] 5 .

g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] cl3Nnf] xKtf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] …b]zsf] jt{dfg cfly{s l:yltÚ x]bf sxfnLnfUbf] b]lvG5 . h]7 * ut] dWo /ftdf k|ltlglw;ef eË ug{ l;kmfl/z u/L c;f/ @$ ut] cWofb]zdfkm{t\ ah]6 ;fj{hlgs ubf{ g} tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] ljsf; eGbf ;fwf/0f vr{ a9L 5'6\ofpg'ePsf] lyof] . (^ cj{ !@ s/f]8 $& nfv (^ xhf/sf] s'n ah]6df %& cj{ $$ s/f]8 %! nfv ;fwf/0f vr{ g} 5'6\ofOPsf] lyof] . b]zsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu hDdf #* cj{ ^& s/f]8 (^ nfvdfq 5'6\ofOof] . sd{rf/Lsf] tnj, eQf, ljb]zL C0fsf] ;f"jf—Jofh e'QmfgL / /fHosf lgoldt sfo{x¿ ubf{ x'g] ;fwf/0f vr{af6 ;Lldt ju{ dfq} nfeflGjt x'g k'U5 . /, d'n'sdf cfly{s lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ plt d2t k'¥ofp"b}g . t/ ljsf; vr{sf] /sd eg], ljxfg a]n'sf sfd u/L vfg] >lds ju{sf] kx'"r;Dd k'Ub5 . h;n] cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5 .

sflt{s dlxgf;Ddsf] ;/sf/L ah]6 ;~rfngsf] l:ylt lgs} l67nfUbf] 5 . ljt]sf rf/ dlxgfdf s"n ah]6dWo] @# ca{ &@ s/f]8 @# nfv vr{ ug]{ :jLs[lt eP5 . !( cj{ ^! s/f]8 %% nfv ;fwf/0flt/ / @ cj{ *) s/f]8 (^ nfv ljsf; lt/ . To;dWo] klg sflt{s d;fGt;Dd v'b vr{ rflx" !* cj{ *% s/f]8 %! nfv eP5 . h;df !% cj{ ^# s/f]8 &$ nfv lgoldt tkm{sf] vr{ lyof] eg] ljsf;tkm{ hDdf ! ca{ (@ s/f]8 % nfv dfq vr{ ePsf] lyof] . lrGtfof]Uo s'/f t s] 5 eg] !* c/j *^ s/f]8 -nueu_ sf] ah]6 kl/rfng ubf{ g} # ca{ &^ s/f]8 -nueu_ sf] ah]6 3f6f Joxf]g'{k/]sf] 5 . of] ah]6 3f6f vr{ ePsf] ljsf; ah]6sf] em08} b'O{ u'0ff x'g cfp"5 .

/fhZjsf] j[l4b/ cToGt} bogLo 5– @=# k|ltzt . cl3Nnf] jif{ of] *=( sf] b/df a9]sf] lyof] eg] To;k"j{ t @@ k|ltztsf] pRrb/df . g]kfndf j}b]lzs gub cg'bfg klg 36\b} uPsf] 5 . lgs} tLa| b/df -&$=@ k|ltztsf]_ . d"No clej[l4 s/ klg cl3Nnf] jif{sf] cg'kftdf @^ k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf] e/kbf]{ cfwf/ eg]sf] v'b u}/ah]6/L cfo x'g uPsf] 5 . h'g ^#=$ k|ltztsf] pRrb/n] a9]sf] 5 .

ljsf;sf nflu j}b]lzs cg'bfg pNn]Vo ¿kdf em08} *% k|ltztn] 36\b} uPsf]n] jh]6 vr{ h'6fpg j}b]lzs gub C0fdf e/kg'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . t/ ToxL C0f klg ljutsf] t'ngfdf 36\b} uPsf] 5 . gk'u /sd ;/sf/n] ljsf; C0fkq a]r]/ / /fi6« a}+s;"u clwshf{ lnP/ rnfPsf] 5 .

j}b]lzs Jofkf/ emg lg/fzfhgs

g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] l:ylt emg\emg\ lg/fzfhgs aGb} uPsf] 5 . cfgtl/s czflGtsf sf/0f cfGtl/s pTkfbg;d]t k|efljt aGb} uPsf]n] Psflt/ lgof{t 3l6/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu cfoft a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ 3f6f emg a9]sf] 5 . /fi6« a}+ssf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfOcg';f/ of] cjlwdf s'n lgof{tdf !*=% k|ltztn] x|f; eP/ g]kfnsf] lgof{t ¿= !$ cj{ #$ s/f]8df ;Lldt ePsf] 5 . ut jif{ gjLs[t g]kfn—ef/t jfl0fHo ;lGwdf jg:klt £o", tfdfsf] tf/, lhª\s cS;fO8nfO{ kl/df0ffTds aGb]hdf kfl/Psf]n] ef/ttkm{sf] lgof{t @*=% k|ltztn] tn em/]sf] 5 . hjls cl3Nnf] jif{ #) k|ltztn] pRrj[l4 lyof] . o;afx]s klZdgf, ;fa'g, bGtd~hg, kf]lni6/ wfuf], Pd=P;=kfOk, vo/, tof/L kf]zs, x:tsnfsf ;fdfg, xhdf]nf, ljo/, /;fog / d}gaQLsf] lgof{tdf sdL ePsf]n] klg ef/t tkm{sf] lgof{t k|efljt ePsf] 5 .

t];|f] d'n'stkm{ lgof{t x'g] ;fdfgx¿dWo] tof/L kf]zfs / rf"bL Pj+ cGo wft'sf u/uxgfx¿sf] lgof{tdf qmdzM #$=@ / #) k|ltztsf] j[l4 ePsf]n] Toxf"sf] lgof{t @=& k|ltztn] dfq 36]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . t];|f] d'n'sdf hfg] pgL un}"rf, klZdgf / k|zf]lwt 5fnfsf] lgof{tdf s'g} ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g . oL j:t'x¿sf] lgof{tdf qmdzM #!=#, @%=^ / %%=^ k|ltztn] sdL cfPsf] 5 . t];|f] d'n'stkm{sf] lgof{t cl3Nnf] jif{ #$=^ k|ltztn] 36]/ cfwf/ sdhf]/ x'g uPsf]n] o;jif{ sd 36]sf] b]lvPsf] xf] . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] cg'kftdf x]g]{ xf] eg] of] lgs} 36]sf] b]lvG5 .

cfGtl/s pBf]uwGbfx¿ aGb ePsf jf k"0f{ Ifdtfdf rNg g;s]sf] sf/0f ef/taf6 wfuf], rfdn, s[lif pks/0f tyf k"hf{x¿ / l;d]G6sf] cfoft a9]sf] 5 eg] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf NofO"b} cfPsf ljB'tLo pks/0fx¿, k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, Pd=P;= jfo/ /8, 6fo/—6\o"j, Pd=P;= lkn]6, :6Ln l;6, cf}Bf]lus /;fog, cGo kq tyf k"hf{x¿, sf]N8 tyf x6 /f]N8 l;6sf] cfoft 36]sf] 5}g .

t];|f] d'n'saf6 cfpg] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, sk8f, lel8of], 6L=eL=, sDKo'6/ kf6{;\, NjfË, lrlsT;f ;DaGwL pks/0f, sRrf pmg, Knfli6s bfgf, skf;, b"/;~rf/ pks/0f tyf cGo k"hf{x¿sf] cfoft klg al9/x]sf] 5 .

o; cjlwdf ef/taf6 sfuh, /;folgs dn, cf}iflw, oftfoftsf ;fwg tyf kf6{k"hf{, g"g, kf7\ok':ts tyf kqklqsf clg t];|f] d'n'saf6 cfpg] ;'g–rf"bL, sRrf /]zd wfuf], oftfoftsf ;fdfg tyf k""hL, /;folgs dn, xjfOhxfhsf k"hf{x¿, sRrf t]n, cf}iflw, sfuh ;'kf/L, tfdfsf] tf/ tyf kftfsf] cfoft klg 36]sf] 5 .

z]o/ahf/ 8fjf8f]n

cy{tGqsf] cwf]ktgsf] /fd|f] ;"rfª\s z]o/ ahf/n] lbPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] sflt{ssf] t'ngfdf of] sflt{sdf z]o/ ahf/ w]/} v:s]sf] 5 . z]o/sf] s"n sf/f]jf/ ;+Vofdf xf];\ ls d"Nodf of] jif{ cl3Nnf] eGbf g/fd|f] ;fljt ePsf] 5 . z]o/ d"Nodf cfPsf] lu/fj6sf] sf/0f ahf/ k""hLs/0f / g]K;] kl/;"rs b'a} 36]sf 5g\ . /fi6«a}+ssf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfP cg';f/, ut jif{sf] sflt{ssf] t'ngfdf o; jif{ ahf/ * cj{ *$ s/f]8n] 36]sf] 5 / g]K;] kl/;"rs &(=$@ ljGb'n] . cfly{s dGbLs} sf/0f cl3Nnf] jif{;Dd ;"rLs[t /x]sf @@ j6f sDkgLx¿ gjLs/0f gul/Pkl5 o;jif{ vf/]hLdf k/]sf 5g\ .

@)%( sflt{s dlxgfdf ¿= @ s/f]8 &( nfv /sdsf *$ xhf/ lsQf z]o/ ! xhf/ ^ ;o $( sf/f]jf/ dfkm{t\ vl/b–ljqmL ePsf 5g\ . ut jfi{sf] sflt{s dlxgfdf ¿= % s/f]8 %# nfv /sdsf @ nfv $! xhf/ lsQf z]o/ ! xhf/ * ;o %$ sf/f]jf/ dfkm{t\ vl/b ljqmL ePsf lyP . o;/L cl3Nnf] sflt{ssf] t'ngfdf o; jif{sf] sflt{sdf /sdut z]o/ sf/f]jf/df $(=% k|ltztn] / ;+VofTds z]o/ sf/f]jf/df ^%=@ k|ltztn] x|f; cfPsf] 5 . z]o/ ahf/sf] t/ntf ;DaGwL kl/;"rs -dfl;s sf/f]jf/ /sdsf] ahf/ k""hLs/0f;"usf] cg'kft_ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] sflt{s dlxgfdf )=!# k|ltzt /x]sf]df o; jif{sf] sflt{s dlxgfdf )=)* k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] sflt{s dlxgfsf] t'ngfdf @)%( sflt{s dlxgfdf ;"rLs[t sDkgLx¿sf] ahf/ k""hLs/0fdf @)=& k|ltztn] x|f; cfO{ ¿= ## cj{ &* s/f]8 *) nfvdf em/]sf] 5 . @)%* sflt{s dlxgfdf o:tf] k""hLs/0f ¿= $@ cj{ ^@ s/f]8 *& nfv /x]sf] lyof] . ut jif{ sflt{s dlxgfdf sf/f]jf/ aGb x'"bf #))=!% /x]sf] g]K;] kl/;"rs o; jif{sf] sflt{s dlxgfsf] cGTodf &(=$@ n] x|f; cfO{ @@)=&# df em/]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] sflt{s dlxgfdf $@ j6f sDkgLsf] z]o/ sf/f]jf/ ePsf]df @)%( sflt{s dlxgfdf o:tf sDkgLx¿sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 eO{ $( k'u]sf] 5 . @)%( sflt{s dlxgfsf] s"n sf/f]jf/ /sddf jfl0fHo a}+s ;d"xsf] &$=^@ k|ltzt, ljsf; a}+sx¿sf] @=## k|ltzt, jLdf sDkgLx¿sf] !=)& k|ltzt, ljQ sDkgLx¿sf] !*=^% k|ltzt, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg / k|zf]wg ;DaGwL sDkgLx¿sf] !=!! k|ltzt, xf]6]n ;d"xsf] !=)) k|ltzt, Jofkfl/s sDkgLx¿sf] !=!% k|ltzt / cGo ;d"xsf] )=)& k|ltzt of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 .

ut jif{ sflt{s dlxgfdf o:tf] of]ubfg qmdzM $*=*@ k|ltzt, )=)) k|ltzt -sf/f]jf/ gePsf]_, )=%$ k|ltzt, @!=!( k|ltzt, !=#^ k|ltzt, @%=&^ k|ltzt, @=@$ k|ltzt / )=)( k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . ah]6sf] ;~rfng, j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] cj:yf / z]o/ ahf/sf] l:ylt ;a} x]bf{ g]kfnsf] cy{tGq lgs} hl6n cj:yfdf k'u]sf] k|ltt x'G5 . ca k|Zg cfp"5— slt~h]n l3;L–lk6L rN5 b]z / jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ o;sf] x]Ssf 5 ls 5}g <

ah]6 ;+rfng

j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] l:ylt

t];|f] d'n'sdf lgof{ltt d'Vo j:t'sf] l:ylt

Pd6Lsf] eljio pHHjn ePsf] bfjL

k|sfz l3ld/]

sf7df8f}+ . tLg dlxgfb]lv d]l8sn 6«fG;lqmK;g;DaGwL tflnd aGb eP klg tflnd k|bfos cglnld6]8 ;km\6j]o/ g]6js{sf d'Vo sfo{sf/L clws[t Pn=Pg= t'nfw/ g]kfndf Pd6Lsf] bf];|f] :sf]k ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . pxf"sf cg';f/ cglnld6]8n] sf7df8f}+df cfp"bf] df3 % ut] / O6x/L / kf]v/fdf df3sf] cGTo;Dddf :ylut ul/Psf] tflnd ;~rfng u/L k"0f{tf lbg]5 .

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿nfO{ /f]huf/sf] cj;/ lbg] p2]Zon] utjif{sf] df3af6 ;'¿ ePsf] d]l8sn 6«fG;lqmK;g tflnd cjlw k"/f ug{ g;sL aGb x'"bf o;n] pRr lzIff cfh{gdf nfu]sf !% ;o hgf pT;fxL o'jfx¿sf] eljio clglZrt agfPsf] lyof] .

/f]huf/ k|a4{g cfof]un] tflnd ;~rfng ug{ 6]08/ dfu ubf{ cglnld6]8 / 6f6f ODkmf]6]sn] 6]08/ xfn]sf lyP . cglnld6]8n] ;kmn k|lzIffyL{ ;a}nfO{ /f]huf/sf] Uof/]06L lbPsf] lyof] eg] 6f6fn] tflnd dfq ;~rfng ug]{ . /f]huf/sf] k|Tofe"lt lbPsfn] cglnld6]8nfO{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] /f]huf/ k|a4{g cfof]usf ;b:o ;lrj ;'j0f{dfg >]i7n] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg'eof] .

P;=Pn=;L= kf; u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿af6 v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{df k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}6 u/L sf7df8f}+, kf]v/f / O6x/Ldf cglnld6]8 k|lzIfsx¿n] tflnd ;~rfng u/]sf lyP . ;'¿df tflnddf ;xefuL ePsf !% ;o k|lzIffyL{dWo] of] tflnddf eljio gb]v]kl5 % ;o hltn] 5f]l8;s]sf 5g\ . cfof]un] tflnd cf/De ubf{ k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ @% xhf/ C0fsf] ¿kdf lbg] / tflnd cjlw k"/f ePkl5 / sDkgLn] /f]huf/ lbPkl5 k|lzIffyL{x¿n] !@ dlxgfsf] ls:tfaGbLsf ¿kdf ;/sf/nfO{ pQm /sd a'emfpg'kg]{ ;t{ /fv]sf] lyof] .

of] tflnddf k|lzIffyL{nfO{ c+u|]hL 6fOk / dfOqmf];km\6 j8{sf s]xL c+z dfq l;sfOG5 . of] tflnd lng] k|lzIffyL{n] c+u|]hL Aofs/0f, efiff njh, cf}iflw / /f]u;DaGwL hfgsf/L / d]l8sn;DaGwL zAbfjnLx¿ hfg]sf] x'g'kb{5 . d]l8sn 6«fG;lqmK;g eg]sf] lrlsT;sn] la/fdL hf"Rbf df}lvs ¿kdf eg]sf] s'/f n]Vg] sfd xf] . ljsl;t b]zsf 8fS6/x¿n] k|]l:qmK;g n]Vg gEofpg] ePsfn] 8fS6/n] la/fdLnfO{ lbg] ;Nnfx / pkrf/sf ljlw, cf}iflw;DaGwL s'/fsfgLnfO{ /]s8{ ug{] ul/G5 / /]s8{ ul/Psf] s'/fsfgLnfO{ OG6/g]6dfkm{t\ cfkm\gf] sDKo'6/df NofP/ ;'g]kl5 cIf/df n]lvG5 . o;/L n]lvPsf] ;fdfu|LnfO{ OG6/g]6dfkm{t\ g} k'gM ;DalGwt c:ktfndf k7fOG5 . ;DalGwt c:ktfnn] 6«flG:qmK6 n]Vg] ;+:yfnfO{ ;]jf z'Ns pknAw u/fp"5 . ef/tsf] cfGw|k|b]zsf] x}b/fjfb / sgf{6ssf] a}+unf]/df of] Joj;fo km:6fPsf] 5 . cglnld6]8sf t'nfw/sf cg';f/ cfGw|k|b]zdf utjif{ o:tf] tflnd lng] @ nfv lyP . xfn $ nfv k'u]sf 5g\ . To;}af6 k|efljt eP/ of] tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . cglnld6]8sf d'Vo sfo{sf/L clws[t Pn=Pg= t'nfw/ klxn] cfkm\g} k|of;df ;~rflnt tflndsf pTkfbgnfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf]n] clxn] tflnd lng] j]/f]huf/ gx'g] atfpg'x'G5 . pxf"sf cg';f/ Pd=6L=sf] sfd lngsf nflu cd]l/sfsf ^ j6f sDkgL;"u cglnld6]8n] ;Demf}tf ul/;s]sf] 5 . klxn] tflnd lnPsfn] klg hflu/ gkfPsf] o:t} tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ lxdfnog OGkmf]6]s eg] ;+:yfn] tflnd ;lsPkl5 /f]huf/L glbPsf] pN6f] tflnd g} aGb u/]sf] k[i7e"lddf cglnld6]8sf] o;k6sf] tflnd klg ;'rf¿ gePsfn] k|lzIffyL{ eg] lg/fz 5g\ . ætflnd lbg] 7fp" tflnd h:t} b]lvb}+g . o;n] s;/L /f]huf/ b]nf ljZjf; ug]{ 7fp" klg /fv]sf] 5}g,Æ k|lzIffyL{ 6Lsf /fO{ atfp"l5g\ .

o;/L ljZjf; 36\b} uPsfn] sf7df8f}+sf k|lzIffyL{ lbgx'" /f]huf/ k|j4{g cfof]u wfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . k|To]s lbg cfpg] k|lzIffyL{nfO{ ¿= rfnL; lbb}+ k9fp"b} u/]sf] s'/f ;b:o ;lrj >]i7 atfp"5g\ . cfof]usf n]vf clws[t /fh]Gb| e§/fO{sf cg';f/ cfof]un] k|To]s dfl;s l/kf]6{ cg';f/ / k|lzIffyL{x¿sf] xflh/ /]s8{ cg';f/ kf"r k|ltzt w/f}6L s§L u/L /sd e'QmfgL lbg] u/]sf] 5 . pQm tflndsf nflu cfof]un] # s/f]8 &% nfv 5'6\ofPsf]df ! s/f]8 ^) nfv e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] 5 .

( dlxgfsf] tflndkl5 @ jif{;Dd dfl;s ¿= !) xhf/ kfl/>lds cfpg] sfd sDkgLn] nufpg] ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . t/, w]/} k|lzIffyL{x¿n] cfzf dfl/;s]sf 5}gg\ . æcfof]u / xfdLaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ cfof]un] lbg'kg]{ /sd sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg g;s]sf sf/0f tflnd aGb ug'{ k/]sf] xf],Æ k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t cglnld6]8sf Pn=Pg= t'nfw/ atfpg'x'G5 . of] tflnd ;'¿ x'g'eGbf @ jif{ cufl8 o:t} tflnd @ ;o %) hgfnfO{ lbP/ dfl;s ¿kdf % ;o ¿k}of" pknAw u/fPsf] / /f]huf/ klg lbPsf] bfjL t'nfw/n] b]zfGt/;"u ug'{eof] . clxn] k|lzIf0f lnPsfnfO{ k'Ug] u/L sfd Nofpg]tkm{ tflnd k|bfg ug]{ cfof]un] slt k|of; u/]sf] 5, Tof] s'/f eg]] ;b:o;lrj >]i7n] eGg'ePg . o:t} tflnd ;+rfng u/]sf] lxdfnog OGkmf]n] eg] s]xL jif{ cufl8 cfkm\gf k|lzIffyL{x¿nfO{ k|lzIf0fkl5 a+}unf]/ hfg l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . h;sf sf/0f s]xL ef/t k;] eg] w]/}n] Tof] ;kgf aLr}df 5f]l8lbP .

xf];\ ug'{;\, nfO;]G; Kjfn knf{ †
x]nd]6kl5 k+lrªsf nflu 6«flkms k|x/L tof/

k|bLk kf]v/]n

sf7df8f}+ . ;8s ;jf/L rfnsx¿nfO{ cg'zfl;t / dof{lbt agfO{ ;jf/L cfjfudgnfO{ ;'ljwfhgs agfpg] / ;8s b'3{6gf / To;af6 x'g] d[To'b/nfO{ Go"g agfpg] p2]Zon] 6«flkms k|x/Ln] df]6/;fOsn ;jf/ ofq'x¿nfO{ clgjfo{ x]nd]6sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] nuQ} lgodnfO{ pNn+3g ub}{ hyfefjL ;jf/L rnfpg]x¿sf] nfO;]G; Knfn kfl/lbg] lgodnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy Jojxf/df Nofpg] tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 .

6«flkms lgb]{zgfnosf 8L=P;=kL= /fh]Gb| l;+x b]phfsf cg';f/ ljBdfg lgoddf nfO;]G; hkmt ul/Pkl5 Kjfn kfg'{kg]{ / /]s8{ /fVg'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . ;f]xL cg'¿k nfO;]G;sf] lsgf/fdf kf"rj6f sf]7f c+lst ;+s]t klg /flvPsf] 5 . t/, ;jf/L rfnsx¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf bf]; b]vfp"b} hkmt ul/Psf nfO;]G; To;} nUg] u/]sf 5g\ . sltn] b08–hl/jfgf lt/]/ lkmtf{ nfg] u/]sf 5g\ eg] sltn] cfk;L ;xdltd} klg nfg] u/]sf 5g\ . of] Joj:yfsf] s8fOsf ;fy kfngf ul/P k6s] sf/jfxLdf k/]sf rfnsx¿sf] ;jf/L rfns Ohfhtkq hkmt x'g]5 . …;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g @)$(Ú df ;jf/L b'3{6gf ug]{x¿sf nflu cToGt} yf]/} /sd hl/jfgfsf] Joj:yf ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . unt lsl;dn] ;jf/L rnfPdf ¿= @ ;o dfq k|x/Ln] hl/jfgf ug{ kfpg] 5 . o;n] ubf{ rfnsn] xNsf lng] u/]sf 5g\ . oftfoft Joj:yf ljefun] klg hDdf % xhf/ dfq hl/jfgf ug{;S5 . pkTosf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v P;=P;=kL= ;'/]Gb|axfb'/ kfnn] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg' eP cg';f/ o'/f]lkog d'n'sx¿df ;jf/L unt tj/n] rnfpg]x¿sf nflu cj:yf x]/L @ xhf/b]lv % xhf/ 8n/ ltg'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . rsf]{ hl/jfgf / k6s] sf/jfxL u/] nfO;]G; hkmt ug]{ k/Dk/fsf sf/0f tL d'n'sx¿df ;jf/L lgodsf] /fd|f] kfngf ul/G5 . xfdLsxf" klg b'3{6gf a9\g glbgsf nflu nfO;]G;df kl~rª -Kjfn_ kfg]{ k/Dk/fsf] yfngL / s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ug'{k5{ . afx\o d'n'sx¿df # k6s jf % k6s Kjfn k/]df To:tf] nfO;]G; g} hkmt ul/g] k|fjwfg sfof{Gjog ul/G5 . t/, g]kfndf eg] nfO;]G; Kjfn kfg]{ lgod eP klg clxn];Dd j}1flgs tYof+s /fVg] k|rng gePsf]n] Pp6} klg nfO;]G; hkmt ePsf] 5}g . P;=P;=kL= kfnsf cg';f/ ;a} 6«flkms sfof{nox¿df sDKo'6/ l;:6dsf] cefjn] ubf{ tYof+s /fVg ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] xf], t/ l56f] g} ;|f]t / ;fwg h'6fP/ sDKo'6/ /fvL 36gfx¿sf] z[ª\vnf x]/L nfO;]G; Kjfn kfg]{ sfo{sf] yfngL x'g]5 .

olb 6«flkms sfof{non] nfO;]G;df kl~rª ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fPdf xfn;Dd clw/fHoel/sf nfO;]G; lnPsf # nfv %^ xhf/ ! ;o %! hgfdWo] w]/}sf] 5]l8g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 . clw/fHoel/af6 nfO;]G; lng]x¿sf] xfn;Ddsf] cj:yfnfO{ lgofNbf ;a}eGbf a9L afUdtLaf6 lng]sf] ;+Vof ! nfv (* xhf/ () 5 . To;kl5 qmdzM gf/fo0fL, sf]zL, n'lDagL, u08sL, ;]tL, /fKtL, e]/L, hgsk'/, d]rL / dxfsfnL /x]sf 5g\ . To;f] t g]kfnsf] nfO;]G; klg cGt/f{li6«o:t/s} ePsf] kfn atfpg'x'G5 . æg]kfnL nfO;]G;df klg nfO;]G; Kjfn kfg]{ 7fp" /flvPsf] 5 . o;df kf"rj6f lrGx jf Kjfn kfg]{ :yfg ;'/lIft 5g\ . t/ ca Tof] :yfgnfO{ xfdL l5§} g} k|of]udf Nofp"5f}+Æ, kfnn] atfpg'eof] . clxn];Dd t nfO;]G;df Kjfn kfl/Psf ;jf/L rfnsx¿n] kl5 rsf]{ sf/jfxL x'g] 8/n] x/fPsf] afxgf agfP/ k'gM z'Ns lt/L nfO;]G; lemSg] u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;jf/L ;fwg geP klg nfO;]G; agfP/ jiff}{+ uf]hLdf af]sL lx+8\g] / cfSsn–em'Ssn uf8L xf"Sg]x¿ klg sd 5}gg\ . o;/L ;jf/L xf"Sg]x¿n] a9L b'3{6gf 36fPsf] 6«flkms k|x/Lx¿sf] cg'dfg 5 . wgs'6f 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}+ a:g] k}bnofqL /d]z lji6sf cg';f/ ;jf/L b'3{6gf x'g'df ;jf/L rfns / 6«flkms k|x/L b'j} plQs} lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ sltko k|x/Ln] k};f vfP/ 36gfsf] lg0f{o ugf{n] b'3{6gf a9fPsf] 5 . t/ pQm s'/fdf k|ap kfn ;xdt x'g'x'Gg . To:t} nfO;]G; gaf]sL cfkm\gf glhssf k|x/L;"u 6f"l;b} nfO;]G; ;dft]sf] lgx'"df lx+8\g] / l;kmfl/; ug]{ b'j}sf] vf]hL u/L s8f sf/jfxLsf ;fy To:tf sfl/GbfnfO{ lgnDag ug]{ kfn atfpg'x'G5 . ptf ;jf/L rfnsx¿ klg 6«flkms k|x/Lsf] lgot a'em]/ ¿= %) b]lv ¿= ! ;o %) ;Ddsf] /sd klxn] g} 5'6\ofP/ sf/jfxL gx'"b} r9fpg] u/]sf] atfp"5g\ . k};f lbPkl5 /l;b gsf6\g] u/]sf] rfnsx¿ atfp"5g\ .

;jf/Lsf] a9\bf] rfk

c¿ b]zsf] t'ngfdf g]kfndf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] k|To]s jif{ j[l4 x'"b} uO/x]sf] 5 . t/, ;8s / kfls{ª :yn eg] lj:tf/ x'g g;s]sf]n] ;jf/L Joj:yfkg r'gf}tLk"0f{ aGb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . 8L=P;=kL= /fh]Gb|l;+x b]phfsf cg';f/ g]kfndf k|To]s jif{ #% b]lv #^ k|ltzt;Dd ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ ylkg] u/]sf 5g\ . of] b/ ef/tdf !& k|ltzt, rLgdf !^ k|ltzt / dn]l;ofdf !% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

To:t} rGb|zDz]/sf] kfnfdf eLdkm]bL / lrTnfªsf] af6f] eP/ s'NnLn] af]sL lj=;+= !(%* df klxnf]k6s sf/ sf7df8f}+df leœofPb]lvsf] Ps ;o Ps jif{leqdf ;fOsn, 7]nfuf8f, l/S;fafx]s cGbfhL # nfv &% xhf/ ;jf/L ;fwg g]kfndf lelqg k'u]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] cGbfhL ! nfv () xhf/ ;jf/L ;fwg pkTosfdf dfq /x]sf 5g\ . t/, ;jf/L ;fwg cg'¿ksf] ;8ssf] Joj:yf eg] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . xfn;Dd clw/fHoel/df kSsL ;8ssf] nDafO{ & ;o @ ls=ld= dfq /x]sf] 5 . clxn]s} cg'kftdf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ cfoft dfq ug]{ t/ lgof{t gug]{ xf] eg] ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] rfk kf"r jif{df bf]Aa/ / !@ jif{df rf}u'gf x'ghfg] ts{ b]phfsf] 5 . h;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf lgs} sl7g x'g]5 .

b'3{6gf / d/0f

g]kfn clw/fHoel/sf] ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf] l:ylt lbglbg} a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . cf=j= )%&÷)%* df hDdf b'3{6gf # xhf/ & ;o (^ lyof] . t/ cf=j= )%*÷)%( sf] j}zfv d;fGt;Ddsf] tYof+snfO{ x]bf{ b; dlxgfdf g} b'3{6gf x'g]x¿sf] ;+Vof # xhf/ @ ;o $% k'u]sf] lyof] . To;f] t aL; dlxgfsf] dfq tYof+s s]nfp"bf b'3{6gfaf6 d[To' x'g]sf] ;+Vof ! xhf/ $ ;o (% k'u]sf] lyof] . To:t} ;fwf/0f 3fOt] x'g] & xhf/ % ;o $^ 5g\ eg] uDeL/ 3fOt] x'g]sf] ;+Vof ;a}eGbf a9L ! xhf/ % ;o %( k'u]sf] lyof] . Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+sn] hgfP cg';f/, ljZjdf k|To]s jif{ ;jf/L b'3{6gfaf6 dfq dg]{x¿sf] ;+Vof cGbfhL % nfv 5 . To;df klg Pl;of k|zfGt If]qdf dfq k|To]s jif{ b'3{6gfdf k/L dg]{sf] ;+Vof @ nfv #% xhf/ 5 .

;jf/L ;fwgsf] nfO;]G; ljt/0f

Ohfhtljgfsf ljBfno aGb u/fpg d'2f

hgsk'/wfd . :yfgLo k|zf;gsf] :jLs[lt lng] k|f/lDes zt{ ;d]t k"/f gu/L v'n]sf lghL:t/sf @) j6f ljBfnonfO{ oyfzL3| sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg], gdfg]df aGb u/fpg] dfu bfjL ub}{ lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfnox¿sf] ;+u7g g]zgn KofA;gn] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/df d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] 5 .

wg'iff lzIff sfof{noaf6 cg'dltkq lnP/ %& j6f lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno wg'iffdf ;+rflnt 5g\ / TolQs} kl/0ffddf ljBfnox¿ ljgf cg'dlt g} ;+rflnt 5g\ . o;dWo] @! j6f af]l8{ª ;+rflnt 5g\ / TolQs} kl/0ffddf ljBfnox¿ ljgf cg'dlt ;+rflnt 5g\ . @! j6f af]l8{ª :s'n hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf If]qdf ;+rflnt 5g\ . Pg KofA;gn] k'g/fj]bgdf ljkIfL agfO{ lgif]wf1fsf] dfu u/]sf k|foM ;a} ljBfnox¿ % sIff;Dd ;+rflnt /x]sf 5g\ .

gf]a]n O=af]= :s'n, dfp06 Pe/]i6 O=af]=, dgsfdgf klAns, t'08 d]df]l/on, cf]d zlQm, Go" lehg, rfn{; 8fla{g, df]8g{ 86sd, Go" O/f, Pe/]i6, efg'eQm, ;]G6 hf];]km, u'¿s"n, w|'jtf/f, Go" a|fO6 km\o'r/, dxfzlQm, cS;kmf]8{, x}kL n}08, lzjd\, df]06];/L / jL/]Gb| d]df]l/on O{+uln; :s'nnfO{ Pg KofA;gn] ljkIfL agfO{ /fv]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf cGo o:t} cg'dlt lnPsf ljBfnox¿k|lt o;n] s'g} rf;f] b]vfPsf] 5}g .

lzIff lgodfjnL @)%( sf] lgod # adf]lhd z}lIfs ;q ;'¿ x'g'eGbf ^ dlxgfk"j{ ljBfno ;+rfng ug]{x¿af6 lzIff lgodfjnLsf] cg';"lr ! adf]lhd 9fFrfdf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . To:tf] lgj]bg k/]kl5 lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Ln] z}lIfs ;q ;'¿ x'g'eGbf Ps dlxgf k"j{ cg'dltkq lbg]÷glbg] lg0f{o ug'{k5{ . t/ utjif{b]lv ;+rfngdf cfPsf oL ljBfnox¿ z}lIfs ;q cf/De x'g'eGbf dlxgflbg cl3 / kl5 v'n]sf] hfgsf/L lzIff sfof{no wg'iffn] lbPsf] 5 .

o; cfly{s jif{b]lv cg'dlt kq lng] t/v/df /x]sf] Ps ljBfnosf lk|lG;kn eG5g\, æxfdLn] ;:tf] / /fd|f] lzIff k|bfg ug{ yfn]kl5 Pg KofA;gsf ;b:ox¿ ljBfnoaf6 ef/Ldfqfdf ljBfyL{x¿ aflxl/Psf]n] pgn] of] cfqmf]z kf]v]sf x'g\ .Æ pgL eG5g\, æhgsk'/df lzIff sfof{noaf6 %& j6f ljBfnox¿n] cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf /x]5g\, To;dWo] #& j6f ljBfnonfO{ lsg 6fpsf] b'vfO aGg uPsf] xf] a'em\g ;lsPsf] 5}g .Æ

k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] k/dfb]z hf/L ubf{ kfFr xhf/ afnaflnsfsf] eljionfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'kg]{ Ps cleefjs k|]ds'df/ ;fxsf] egfO /x]5 . pgL eG5g\, æ;:tf] / /fd|f] k7gkf7g x'g] ljBfnotkm{ ;a} cleefjs cfslif{t x'G5g\ . t;y{ Pg KofA;gdf nfu]sf ljBfnox¿sf] 6fpsf] b'vfO aGg uPsf] 5 .

k"jL{ dsjfgk''/ tgfju|:t

x]6f}+8f . dWoIf]q, ;z:q k|x/L u0f / ;'kf/]6f/ Aof/]s ;d]t /x]sf] dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf clwsf+z u|fdL0f e]u ;/sf/L ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] cefjdf cft+lst hLjg u'hfg{ afWo ePsf 5g\ . ;b/d'sfd x]6f}+8f ahf/b]lv k"j{ /fO{ ufpF;Dd Pp6f rf}sL ;d]t l6sfO/fVg] x}l;ot gePsf] ;'/Iffkmf}h s]jn ;b/d'sfd s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx¿sf] /fd|f] ks8 dflgPsf] l;Gw'nL lhNnf, nlntk'/sf] blIf0f e]u, sfe|]sf k"jL{ e]u;Fu ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf] dsjfgk'/sf] ;'b"/k"jL{ ufpF, /fO{ ufpF, kmfk/af/L, 5ltpg, l9+ug, a]ltgL uflj; ljut Psjif{b]lv ;'/IffsdL{ljxLg ePsf sf/0f ljb|f]xLx¿sf] If]qLo tflnd s]Gb| nufot :jtGq rnv]nsf] :ju{ ;fljt ePsf] 5 .

:yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] /fHoaf6 ;'/Iff gkfpg] lglZrt ePkl5 ha{h:tL dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLsf] ;dy{gdf nfUg afWo ePsf] b]zfGt/;Fusf] e]6df Ps kLl8tn] b'Mv];f] kf]v] . pgLx¿n] dfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 x'g] u/]sf cGofok"0f{ sfo{ dgn] gdfg] klg ;xg afWo ePsf] atfpF5g\ . kmfk/af/Lsf Ps ls;fgn] cfkm"n] sdfPsf] vfBfGg a]r]/ g'g, t]n;Dd lsGg gkfPsf] atfP . b]zfGt/nfO{ k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ >Lk'/ h+unb]lv k"j{sf s;}n] klg vfBfGg a]Rg gkfpg] pbL{ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx¿n] lkm+hfPsf 5g\ . h;sf sf/0f b}lgs cTofjZos a:t' vl/b ug{ clwsf+z ls;fg c;dy{ 5g\ .

t/, lhNnfsf] zflGt;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] lhDdf lnP/ a;]sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L bLks'df/ hf]zL;Fu k|ltlqmof dfUbf pxfFn] cgle1tf k|s6 ug'{eof] . oBlk ;'/Iff rf}sL, O=k|=sf=x¿ To; e]uaf6 lj:yflkt ug'{ k/]sf]df / em08} Psnfv hgtfnfO{ zflGt;'/Iff lbg g;s]sf] :jLsf/ ug'{eof] . ut kf}if @* ut] u:tLdf uPsf ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] OGsfp06/df dfl/PsfdWo] If]qLo sdf08/ ¿b|axfb'/ kflv|gsf] 36gfkl5 pkl:yt ePsf] ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] cfslids 3]/faGbLsf sf/0f l:ylt cem tgfju|:t ag]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf oftfoft, cfjfudg z"Godf em/]sf] / yk clgi6 x'g] ;Defjgf a9]sf] 5 . ljb|f]xL kIfsf Ps sfo{stf{n] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfP cg';f/ d[ts sdf08/ kflv|g If]qLo hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ l;nl;nfdf kmfk/af/Ltkm{ hfFb} ubf{ laxfg *M)) ah] 5ltagdf dfl/Psf lyP .

ob'gfy a~hf/f

df]/ªsf s'dfn]sf] k]zf ;+s6df

k|]d af:tf]nf

df]/ª . ahf/df ;:tf] d"Nodf Knfli6ssf ef"8fx¿ lgl:sg] / laqmL x'g] qmd tLj| x'gyfn]kl5 s'dfn]x¿sf] k]zf ;+s6df kg{ yfn]sf] 5 .

k'vf{n] gf;f]sf] ¿kdf 5f]8]/ uPsf] df6fsf] ef"8f agfpg] k]zfaf6 hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{ kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof df]/ªdf klg clws /x]sf] 5 .

slnnf] pd]/b]lv g} afa'afh]sf] k]zfnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ cfPsf df]/ª s]/faf/L– ( sf b]jgf/fo0f kl08t ahf/df lg:sg yfn]sf ljleGg k|sf/sf Knfli6ssf ;fdfgn] ubf{ cfkm\gf] k]zf ;+s6df kg{ yfn]sf]df b'Mv JoQm ub{5g\ .

Knfli6ssf ;fdfg x]bf{ /ËLla/ËL, 5l/tf] / ;:tf] ePsfn] cfkm"x¿n] xKtf}+ nufP/ lgdf{0f u/]sf df6fsf ef"8fs'8fx¿ laqmL gx'g] / laqmL x'"bf klg To;df nfu]sf] vr{ ;d]t gp7\g] l:ylt k'u]sf] 5 . s]/faf/Ldf dfq} of] k]zf u/]/ hLjg rnfpg] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof ( /x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ glhs}sf] h+unaf6 7"nf] >d vr{ u/L df6f] af]s]/ 3/df Nofp"5g\, d'R5g\ / rqmsf] ;xfotfdf ljleGg cfsf/–k|sf/ lbg] sfd ub{5g\ . To;kl5 el§df kf]n]kl5 dfq laqmLsf nflu ahf/df Nofpg] ub{5g\ .

ækf]NgnfO{ klg bfp/f rflxof] . Tof] klg lsGg}kb{5 . cfkm" / kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:o v6]/ ef"8f agfpg] / kf]Ng] sfddf nfU5f}+, t/ laqmL eg] z"Go x'G5 . clg s'dfn]n] af"Rg] cfwf/ s] t <Æ pgLx¿ k|Zg u5{g\ .

emfkfaf6 s]xL jif{ cl3dfq a;fO ;/L df]/ªsf] b]jLemf]8fdf cfPsf kl08t cfkm\gf] Joyf ;'gfp"b} eG5g\, ærf/}lt/af6 xfd|f] k]zfnfO{ wSsf nufpg] sfd ePsf]n] w]/} ;fyLx¿ df6f]sf] sfd 5f]8L bfp/f a]Rg] sfddf nfu]sf 5g\ .Æ

s'dfn]x¿n] :yfgLo df6f] k|of]u u/L v'q's], w'kf}/f], sGtf/L, udnf, 3}nf, ufu|f], bLof] h:tf w]/} k|sf/sf 3/fozL ;fdfgx¿ lgdf{0f ug]{ ub{5g\ .

df6f]s} e/df nfdf] ;dob]lv hLjg rnfp"b} cfPsL ;f]xL j8f lgjf;L dLgfb]jL kl08t klg cfkm\gf] k]zfdf ;Gt'i6 gePsf] atfp"l5g\ . t/ cfkm\gf] Zjf; arfpg] d]nf] s]xL gePsf]n] of] k]zf g} pgsf] af"Rg] cfwf/ ag]sf] 5 . cfkm" h]–h:tf] b'Mv ef]u]/ of] k]zfdf nflu/x]sf 5f}+, t/ cfkm\gf ;Gtfgx¿ eg] cGo k]zfdf /dfpmg\ eGg] p2]Zon] k|foM ;a}n] cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ lzIffbLIffsf] cj;/ eg] lbnfPsf 5g\ .

df/jf8L dlxnf 3/sf] rf}3]/f gf£g pT;'s

d'gf >]i7s

kRrL; jifL{of nlntf 5nfgLnfO{ cfkm"n] kfPsf] lzIffsf] pkof]u ug{ gkfPsf] ;w}+ b'Mv nfUg] u5{ . g]kfnu~h ;'v]{t/f]8 lgjf;L nlntfsf] hf];'s} cfTdLo;"u e]6 x'"bf pgL lgM;+sf]r elG5g\, æx]g'{;\, d t cfkm"n] ef]u] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5f]/LnfO{ Ps x'glbGg, b'O{ lbGg . 5f]/LnfO{ k9fp5' klg . gf]s/L ug]{ cg'dlt klg lbG5' . o;sf] nflu dnfO{ kl/jf/df ljb|f]x ug'{k/] klg kl5 x6\g] 5}g .Æ

Ps 5f]/LsL cfdf nlntf jfl0fHodf :gfts l5g\ . k|df0fkq txdf :j0f{ kbs k|fKt u/]sL nlntf cfk"mn] kfPsf] lzIffsf] ;b'kof]u ug]{ cj;/ gkfPsf]df lvGgtf k|s6 ub}{ elG5g\, æk9]/ lzIfs aGg] d]/f] tLj| OR5f lyof], t/ xfd|f] ;fdflhs dfGotfn] ubf{ d}n] OR5fsf] 3f"6L lgdf]7\g'k¥of] .Æ

k|foMh;f] df/jf8Lx¿ ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df a:g] / ;fd'lxs lg0f{o lng] ePsfn] dlxnfx¿sf nflu cfkm\gf] lglDt s'g} klg lg0f{o lng' kbf{ kl/jf/s} lj¿4 hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;fg}b]lv o:t} jftfj/0fdf x'ls{Psf]n] cfkm\gf] OR5flj¿4 lg0f{o x'"bf klg To;sf] lj/f]w ug]{ ;fx; h'6fpg g;Sg' df/jf8L dlxnfsf] afWotf aGg k'u]sf] 5 . nlntf elG5g\, æcem} a9L lzIff xfl;n u/]/ ;dfhsf] nflu s]xL u/f}+nf eGg] OR5f lyof], t/ d}n] grfx"bf grfx"b} cfdfa'afn] d]/f] ljjfx lglZrt ul/lbPkl5 d}n] cfklQ hgfpg klg ;lsg" .Æ

ljjfxkl5 ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;;'/fnL kIfdf g} lglxt x'g] x'"bf df/jf8L ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] :jtGqtfdf emg\ tuf/f] v8f x'gk'u]sf] cg'ejnfO{ ljhof 5nfgL u'gf;f]sf] ¿kdf o;/L kf]lV5g\, æ5f]/L x'~h]n t s]xL xb;Dd :jtGqtf x'G5, t/ a'xf/L ePkl5 dgsf] s'/f klg kf]Vg kfOb}+g . gf]s/L eGg' t sNkgf dfq xf] .Æ

b'O{ ;GtfgsL cfdf ljhof cfkm"n] kfPsf] lzIffsf] pkof]u aflx/ st} u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ lrgfpg pT;'s b]lvP klg 3/df ;xdlt glnO{ kfOnf a9fpg] cf"6 ulb{gg\ . ljhof elG5g\, æd jfl0fHodf :gfts 5', o; cg';f/ st} sfd ug{] OR5f klg 5 . t/ OR5f eP/ dfq s]xL x'"bf] /x]g5 . dnfO{ yfxf 5, d}n] gf]s/L jf cfkm"n] kfPsf] lzIffsf] pkof]u st} ug]{ s'/f cl3 ;fg]{ lalQs} 3/df sr\sr\ ;'¿ x'g;S5, To;}n] r'k nfu]/ a:g' g} plrt 7fg]sL 5' .Æ

g]kfnu~hdf xfn sl/a ! ;o 3/ kl/jf/df Ps xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] ;+Vofdf df/jf8L /x]sf 5g\ . o;df dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;+Vof nueu a/fa/L /x]sf] 5 . k|f/Deb]lv Joj;flos ;dfh ePsf]n] 3/ / afnaRrf :oxfg'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L dlxnnfn] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ eP/ g} df/jf8L dlxnfnfO{ 3/ aflx/ lg:sg ufx|f]kg]{ u/]sf] ts{ df/jf8L ;dfhsf a'l4hLjL egfp"bfx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 . af}l4s If]qdf cfkm\gf] lrgf/L :yflkt ug'{ePsf nfnrGb| zdf{sf] egfO 5, ædlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/Jojxf/af/] a9L hfgsf/L x'g] ePsf] / pgLx¿ 3/af6 aflx/ lg:sg yfn] 3/df cg]sy/L ;d:of l;h{gf x'g] ;Defjgf /xg] x'"bf klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf dlxnfnfO{ 3/ ;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] xf] . o;nfO{ dlxnfsf] lglDt 5]saf/sf] ¿kdf 7flgg' x'"b}g .Æ

hals cWofkg sfo{df ;+nUg /xg'ePsf /fduf]kfn cu|jfn gf]s/L eg]sf] d"ntM cfly{s sf/0fn] ug]{ ul/Psf] ePsf] / df/jf8L ;dfhdf dlxnfn] gf]s/L u/]/ sdfpg'kg]{ l:ylt l;h{gf gePsf] ljrf/ /fVg'x'G5 . dx]Gb| pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks cu|jfn cfkm\gf] egfOdf yKg'x'G5, æx'g t lzIff eg]sf] hflu/ vfgsf nflu dfq cjZo xf]Og . 3/hd ePkl5 ;'v, zflGtk"j{s /x'g'kg]{ ePsf]n] kfl/jfl/s ;/;Nnfx / ;xdlt ljgf PSnf] lnOg] lg0f{on] c¿sf] dgdf 7]; nfpg;S5 . km]l/ ljjfx ePkl5 ;;'/fnL 3/df gf]s/L ug{ plrt g7flgg] xf] eg] ljjfx k"j{ gf]s/L ug'{sf] s'g} cf}lrTo klg /x"b}g .Æ

t/ ;do;"u} cfkm"df kl/jt{gsf] rfxgfn] df/jf8L dlxnfx¿nfO{ 8f]¥ofpg yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfnu~hs} Psdfq hflu/] df/jf8L dlxnf ;'idf cu|jfn eGg'x'G5, æhflu/ vfg' eg]sf] cyf{efjsf sf/0f dfq kSs} xf]Og . 3/ aflx/ lg:sg'sf] cy{ ;dfhdf cfkm\gf] 5'§} cl:tTj sfod ug'{sf] ;fy} 1fgsf] j[l4 ug'{ klg xf] . o;af6 cfTdljZjf; a9\g'sf ;fy} cfTdlge{/ x'g klg an k'U5 .Æ

b; jif{b]lv lzIf0f k]zfdf ;+nUg /xL cfkm}+nfO{ alnof] pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf cl3 ;fg'{x'g] ;'idf :ki6 ug'{x'G5, æd}n] ljjfx ug'{ cufj} gf]s/L u/]sL x'" . ljjfxsf] s'/f] rNb} efjL j/;"u kl5 klg gf]s/L 5f8\g gkg]{ jrga4tf lnP cg'¿k dnfO{ s'g} c8\rg Joxf]g'{ k/]g . x]g'{;\, g/fd|f] sfd d ulb{g" / /fd|f] sfd ug{ d 8/fp"lbg . o; dfldnfdf ;;'/fnL 3/df klg /fd|} ;xof]u kfPsf] oyfy{ d}n] eGg}k5{ .Æ

oBlk, ablnbf]+ kl/l:ylt / ;do cg'¿k df/jf8L ;dfhdf gof" k':tf km/s 9+un] k|:'tt x'gyfn]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . Ps aLdf sDkgLsf clestf{ ;'/]z 5nfgL lzlIft k'¿ifx¿n] kl/jt{gsf] dfunfO{ :jLsf/ u/L >LdtLsf] OR5fnfO{ :jfut ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'x'G5 . 5nfgL cfkm\gf] :gfts pQL0f{ >LdtLsf nflu pko'Qm sfdsf] vf]hLdf cfkm" klg nfuL k/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'x'G5 .

o:t}, Pd=P:;L= df cWoog/t cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ gf]s/L ug{ cfkm"n] s'g} 5]saf/ gnfPsf] atfpg' x'g] k|sfz cu|jfn k'¿ifn] cfkm\gf] >LdtLnfO{ 3/]n' sfdsfhL dlxnfsf ¿kdf dfq ;Lldt /fVg gx'g] dg;fo JoQm ug'{x'G5 . cu|jfnsf] syg 5, ælgZro klg df/jf8L ;dfhdf k|foM ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df a:g'kbf{ PSnf] lg0f{o lnO{ cfkm"v'zL lx+8\g Psbd} ufx|f] s'/f xf] . t/ clxn]sf] hdfgfdf dlxnfnfO{ 3/sf] kvf{nleq dfq ;Lldt /fVg' ;do;+ut xf]Og eg]/ w]/}h;f] kl/jf/n] a'lem;s]sf] x'"bf bDklQn] cfkm\gf] cg's"n lg0f{o lnPkl5 kfl/jfl/s ;b:o cGoaf6 5]saf/ nfpg] sfd Tolt ;fx|f] xf]nf h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g .Æ

df/jf8L ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿df s]xL ug]{ rfxgf knfPsf]nfO{ ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf] ¿kdf lnOg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fVg' x'g] clwjQmf lu/j/k|;fb cu|jfn jt{dfg o'udf dlxnf / k'¿if b'j}sf] ;dfg ;xeflutfaf6 dfq rNg;Sg] cjwf/0ffnfO{ dgg ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'x'G5 . pxf" eGg'x'G5, æxfdLn] abln+bf] ;dfhsf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ ;"Id ¿kn] lgofNg' >]ois/ 7xl/G5 . cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ dlxnfn] /fVg] OR5f–cfsf+Iffdfly c+s'z nfpg' eg]sf] ;donfO{ r'gf}tL lbg' ;/x xf] / lzlIft df/jf8L kl/jf/df dlxnfnfO{ s7f]/ lgoGq0fdf /fVg'kg]{ ;f]rfOdf ca km/s b[li6sf]0fn] :yfg lng yfln;s]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ /fd|f] yfngLsf ¿kdf ln+bf x'G5 .Æ

-;f}hGoM If]qLo ;~rf/ ;|f]t s]Gb|, g]kfnu~h_

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