sf7df08f}+, h]i7 !* @)^)

klxnf] kfgf

b/af/ uNof], kf6L{x¿ c´} ;z+lst
cfGbf]ng cem}+ rls{g] eo

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . kf“r ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿n] rnfPsf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmddf k|f/Deb]lv b]lvPsf] hg;xeflutfsf sf/0f cfkm\gf lk|o k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbnfO{ /fhLgfdf ug{ nufpg >L % afWo xf]OaS;]sf] 5 .

w]/} dflg;n] o;nfO{ b/af/ un]sf] cy{df lnPsf 5g\ . b/af/sf] wfs b]vfP/ lx"8\g]x¿n] ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ y'lglbg] bfaL ul//x]s} a]nf x'guPsf] of] 36gfn] b/af/sf] sdhf]/L klg Ps};fy phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . t/, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ b/af/af6 if8\oGq x'"b}g eg]/ 9'Ss a:g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

vf;u/L g]kfnsf] k|hftGq / k|hftflGqs cEof;sf] nflu ;w}+el/ vt/fsf] ;+s]tsf] ¿kdf b/af/nfO{ lnOG5 . To;}n] ;do /x];Dd Toxf“af6 ;fgf7"nf if8\oGq x'"b}g eGg] Uof/]06L 5}g .

/fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] atfP cg';f/ k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] ;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmsf g]tfx¿nfO{ b/af/af6 af]nfOof] . cfGbf]ngsf/L bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ >L % af6 ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6 aS;g] sfo{qmd 5 eg]/ va/ ul/Psf] lyof] . t/, g]tfx¿ cfp“bf /fk|kf cWoIf kz'kltzdz]/ ha/f, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf ab|Lk|;fb d08n, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf klg ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6df pkl:yt x'g'eof] .

To;}n] ;+;bLo kf6L{x¿n] o;nfO{ 7"nf] if8\oGq 7fg]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ >L % ;dIf Pp6} cfjfh af]Ng] ;xdlt;lxt k'u]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] gof“ ;/sf/ u7g / To;n] eljiodf /fli6«o ;+s6 lgjf/0f ug{sf nflu ug]{ sfdsf] df]6fdf]6L ¿k/]vf klg tof/ kf/]sf] lyof] . h;df clwsf/ ;DkGg ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] u7g, Tof] ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df la3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf] k'gM:yfkg, To;sf] Dof08]G6cg'¿k dfcf]jfbL;“usf] jftf{ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] Ph]08f;lxt lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff h:tf sbdaf6 ;d:ofsf] xn vf]Hg cfGbf]ngsf/L ;+;bLo kf6L{sf g]tfx¿ tof/ lyP . t/, b/af/n] 3'"8f 6]s]kl5 klg if8\oGq ug]{ cfkm\gf] afgL 5f]8]g . Tof] ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6df cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL gePsf bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ ufnL ug{ nfpg] / k|wfgdGqL kbsf] bfaL ug{ k|fof]lht ¿kdf nufPkl5 g]tfx¿n] b/af/sf] sbdnfO{ em"/ sfl:6ªsf] ljz]if0f lbPsf 5g\ . b/afl/ofx¿n] of] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ bnx¿n] Pp6f ;j{;Ddt pDd]bjf/ lbg g;s]sf] eGg] e|d lkmhfpgsf nflu pQm a}7ssf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cfz+sf kf6L{x¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . tL kf6L{x¿sf] lxhf] a;]sf] a}7sn] klg o;sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ cf}+NofPsf] 5 .

cfGbf]ng g} cfGbf]ng

3'"8f 6]sL;s]kl5 klg b/af/n] if8\oGq ul//x]sf] bfaL ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿n] cfGbf]ngsf c¿ sfo{qmdx¿ kyfjt\ ;+kGg ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . Ps dlxgf eGbf sd ;dosf] cfGbf]ngn] /fhfnfO{ em'sfPsf] bfaL ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ k"0f{ k|hftGq k|flKtsf nflu ;dlk{t x'g] c7f]6 klg JoQm ul//x]sf 5g\ .

zqm'af/sf] ;fd'lxs bz{ge]6kl5 zlgaf/ laxfg a;]sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿sf] ljz]if a}7sn] …;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdnfO{ cem a9L ;zQm / k|efjsf/L 9+un] a9fpg]Ú lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o;}aLr g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ g/f]sLsg nIo k|flKttkm{ cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ s'/f atfpg'ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] jQmJodf kf}8]nn] eGg'ePsf] 5, ækf“r kf6L{åf/f ;~rflnt cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"lddf k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] /fhLgfdf cfPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{nfO{ lnP/ lxhf] b/af/ cfof]lht ;j{bnLo a}7ssf] ljifo k|:t't / 5nkmnaf6 g]kfnL hgtfn] s'g} z'e;+s]t kfpg ;s]gg\ .Æ pxf“n] /fi6« ;+s6df v8f ePsf] cf}+Nofp“b} b]zk|lt uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg cfu|x ub}{ eGg'ePsf] 5, æk|wfgdGqL / dGqLdf JolQm kl/jt{gn] dfq s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}g . d"n ;jfn eg]sf] b]zsf] ;+ljwfg g} d'l5{t 5 To;nfO{ Ao""emfpg'k¥of], ;+ljwfg lqmofzLn x'g k|ltlglw ;ef rfxof], dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg eP/ hgtfn] zflGt / cdgrog kfpg'k¥of] . ;+ljwfg;ef ls cu|ufdL ;'wf/ eGg] ljjfb 6'+lug'k¥of] . cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf lgldQ hgtfdf k"0f{ ¿kn] /fhsLo ;Qf /xg] u/L /fHosf] ;du| zlQm ;+/rgfdf 7f]; kl/jt{g / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ u/L k/Dk/fut ;fdGtL Joj:yfdf cfd"n kl/jt{g cfpg'k¥of] .Æ pxf“n] ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ dfq cfGbf]ngsf] dfu xf]Og eGb} hgtfdf clwsf/ k"0f{ ¿kn] :yflkt gx'~h]n hgfcfGbf]ng ul/g'kg{], ;fgf] ltgf] s'/fdf clNemg gx'g] s'/f atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

bf}8df g]kfn, yfkf / /fgfef6

sf7df8f}+ . b/af/Lofx¿n] rnv]n u/]gg\ eg] of] xKtfe/Ldf g]kfn sDKo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrjdf dfwjs'df/ g]kfn k|wfgdGqL aGg'x'g]5 . jxf“nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf/L ;du| ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{x¿sf] ;dy{g k|fKt 5 . k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdfb]lv gof“ /fhgLltsf kl/l:yltsf] hGd hgcfGbf]ngsf sf/0f ePsf]n] cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx¿sf] ;xdlt a]u/ ca /fhgLlts glg:sg] ljZjf; klg kSsfkSsL h:t} 5 . To;}n] ;a}eGbf alnof] e"ld pxf“ s} 5 .

To;f] /fhfsf] kTof/sf] kf6L{ eg]/ sxlnPsf] /fk|kfsf g]tf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ klg cufl8 Nofpg] sf]lz; hf/L 5 . /fhgLlts bnx¿;“usf] ;DaGw klg glalu|Psf] ef/t;“usf] ;Dks{ klg dw'/ /fv]sf] x'gfn] jxf“ g} k|wfgdGqL aGg] bfjL ug]{x¿ klg sd 5}gg\ . t/, clxn]sf] hgcfGbf]ngdf /fk|kfsf] s'g} e"ldsf gePsf]n] jxf“sf] ;Defjgf sd oBlk g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ¿lrdf sf+u|]; / sDKo'lgi6 eGbf /fk|kf k/]sf] 5 . lsgsL /fk|kfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] s'g} klg ef]6 sf6\b}g .

g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ cK7\of/f] p:t}k/] l5of kfg{sf nflu b/afl/ofx¿n] ;efd'v tf/fgfy /fgfef6nfO{ cufl8 ;fg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg Ho""b} 5 . jxf“nfO{ kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx¿n] cufl8 ;fl/Psf xfn]sf 5}gg\ . oBlk lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf bO{ Ho""bf ;b:odWo] klxnf] kg'{ePsf]n] jxf“sf] k|wfgdGqL aGg] j}wflgs cfwf/ c¿sf] eGbf ;jn 5 . t/ h]7 !$ / !% ut] cfkm\g} kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿af6 cfnf]lrt x'g'ePsf / cfGbf]ngsfndf klg kf6L{x¿sf] ;Dks{af6 cnu /xg'ePsf]n] pxf“sf] kIfdf ;a} kf6L{x¿ plePnfg\ eg]/ cfzf ug'{ sl7g 5 . cfkm\gf] l;Ëf] kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngsf/L kf6L{x¿sf] ;dy{g gkfOsg jxf“n] ;/sf/ rnfpg ;Sg'x'Gg . To;}n] casf] ;dfwfgdf klg cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ em'Sofpg] k|oTg eof] eg] ltgn] /fhtGqsf] pGd'ng s} gf/f nufpg] lglZrt h:t} 5 . kf6L{sf] ;xif{ ;dy{g ljgf s'g} ;/sf/n] ;ky t vfnf t/ sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . l;+uf] kf6L{ dfwj g]kfnsf] kIfdf plePsf]n] sfg'gL cfwf/ ;jn x'"bfx'"b} klg pxf“sf] ;Defjgf g]kfnsf] eGbf sd eP/ uPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLsf] bf}8df /fk|kf cWoIf kz'kltzdz]/ /f0ff ;b\efjgf cWoIf ab|L d08n / g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf klg x'g'x'G5 . t/, jxf“x¿dWo] s;n] hgcfGbf]ngsf/L kf6L{x¿sf] ;dy{g Nofpg ;S5 Tof] g} k|wfgdGwL x'g] kSsfkSsL h:t} 5 . clxn]
;Ddsf] bf}8df g]kfn g} cufl8 kg'{ePsf] 5 .

bnx¿sf] gh/df b/jf/sf] j}7s

cfhsf] kf“r /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+o'Qm a}7sn] lgDg lnlvt lg0f{ox¿ u/]sf] 5M

!_ @)^) h]7 !^ ut] a;]sf] kf“rj6f /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;j{bnLo a}7sn] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] l;kmfl/;df clwsf/ ;DkGg ;j{bnLo dGqL kl/ifb\ u7g u/L k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf, ;+ljwfgsf] lqmofzLntf, dfcf]jfbL ;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu zflGt jftf{sf] ;kmntf / b]znfO{ ;du| cu|ufdL lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg] ljifonfO{ >L % ;“usf] e]63f6sf qmddf Ps dtn] /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . tb\cg'¿k >L % ;“usf] e]63f6sf qmddf xfdLn] pNn]lvt ljifox¿ k|i6 ¿kn] /fv]sf 5f}+ . ;d:ofsf lgsf;sf ;DaGwdf xfdLaLr k|i6tf / Psdt 5 . cfd hgtfsf] clddtnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ xfdL cfGbf]ngsf/L /fhgLlts bnx¿sf tkm{af6 Psdtn] >L % ;dIf k|:t't pNn]lvt l;kmfl/;x¿sf] cGoyf ljsNk g/x]sf] s'/f oxf“ k|Kt ug{ rfxG5f}+ .

@_ >L % ;“usf] e]63f6sf qmddf k"j{ ;"rgfsf ljkl/t lxhf] cfGbf]ngsf/L kf“rj6f /fhgLlts bnx¿ eGbf km/s cgfjZos JolQmx¿ af]nfpg], k|ltudgsf dltof/ egL bf]iff/f]k0f ul/asf JolQmx¿ af]nfP/ ljjfb v8f u/fpg] nufotsf sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\ . ;fy} cfGbf]ngsf/L afx]s cGoqaf6 ;/sf/ u7gsf] bfjL u/fO /fhgLlts bnx¿ k|wfgdGqLsf] cf–cfkm\gf bfjLdf ;Lldt /x]sf k|fof]lht / if8oGqk"0f{ ;dfrf/x¿ k|]lift ul/Psf] 5 . xfdL pQm ;a} if8oGqk|lt Iff]e k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

#_ k|ltudg lj¿4 ;~rflnt hgcfGbf]ng ;d]taf6 g]kfnL hgtfåf/f cg'df]lbt / dfGotf k|fKt g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{nfO{ lxhf] >L % ;“usf] e]63f6 sfo{qmddf gaf]nfO{ g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf] x}l;otn] ab|Lk|;fb d08nnfO{ af]nfOPsf] s'/fnfO{ if8oGq 7fGb} o; a}7s To; sbdk|lt Iff]e k|s6 ub{5 .

$_ c;+j}wflgs, cg'Q/bfoL / hg;dy{g gePsf] nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] ;/sf/sf] /fhLgfdfn] zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] cf}lrTonfO{ :yflkt ub}{ ;'lglZrt ;kmntfsf] k|i6 ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf ;+rfns, ;xefuL ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿aLrsf] Pstf, ljZjf; / ;dembf/LnfO{ cem a9L ;'b[9 ub}{ gof“ / h'emf¿ 9Ën] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljsl;t ub}{ cl3 a9\g' cfhsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . t;y{ k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t u/L ckx[t hgtfsf] clwsf/ axfnL ub}{ hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf k"0f{ ¿kn] :yflkt ug{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ cem a9L ;zQm / k|efjsf/L 9Ën] cufl8 a9fpg xfdL cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ .

%_ ;/sf/L bdgsf lj¿4 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtnfO{ xfdLn] ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lnPsf 5f}+ .

^_ ;j{bnLo a}7s cfjZostfg';f/ a:g]5 .

kf6L{ gfd

g]kfnL sf+u|]; >L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf

g]skf -Pdfn]_ >L dfwjs'df/ g]kfn

hgdf]rf{ g]kfn >L clds z]/rg

g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ >L e/tljdn ofbj

g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ >L gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5] -/f]lxt_

ldltM @)^) h]7 !& ut] zlgaf/

zfg]jflgM rfOgf;fpy j]i6sf] af6f] v'nf
cfhb]lv Pp6f jf]OËsf] e/ †

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . …bfg] bfg] k] n]vf xf]tf x} vfg] jfnf]sf gfdÚ of] lxGbL plQm rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 Po/nfOG;sf g]kfnL Ph]G6x¿nfO{ o; k6s klg rl/tfy{ eof] . zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] cfufdL b'O{ dlxgfsf] nflu ef8fdf lng] ljdfg ca ;fpy rfOgf afx]s cGtaf6} cfpg] ;Defjgf nueu z"Go ePsf] 5 . lgudsf] cGt/f{li6«o p8fgdf /x]sf b'O{j6f jf]OËdWo] (N-ACA -cNkmf rfnL{ cNkmf_ ;+s]t gDa/sf] s0ff{nL gfds hxfh !^ ut] SjfnfnDk'/sf] uGtJo p8fg k"/f u/L pt}af6 ;L r]ssf] nflu a|'gfO uPsf] 5 . ;L r]ssf] nflu em08} @ dlxgfsf] ;dofjlw nfUg] ePsf]n] pQm cjlw lgudsf] cGt/f{li6«o p8fg wfGgsf nflu jf]OË ljdfg ef8fdf lng}kg]{ x'G5 .

rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 Po/nfOG;sf g]kfnl:yt :6]zg Dofg]h/ ut h]7 ! ut] ljxLaf/ ;'6'Ss lgudsf pRr kbflwsf/Lx¿;“u enfs';f/Ldf nfu]kl5 Tof] l:ylt cfpg] cfz+sf b]zfGt/n] klxNo} -h]7 $ ut]sf] c+sdf_ u/]sf] lyof] . cflv/ eof] To:t} . t/, of] cj:yf Nofpg ul/Psf] s;/t klg sd /f]rs 5}g . s0ff{nL ;L r]sdf uP/ cfpg] cjlwsf nflu hxfh ef8fdf lng] k|lqmof klxNo} yflnPsf] xf] . lgud;“u ePsf hxfhx¿ clgjfo{ k|fljlws hf“rsf nflu hf“bf cNksfnLg Joj:yfdf lnOg'kg]{ plrt sbd klxNofpg lgudn] em08} ^ dlxgf k"j{ Pp6f ;ldlt agfPsf] lyof] . ;f] ;ldltn] To;/L Nofpg] hxfhsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f ;lxt k|ltj]bg lbof] . /, To;}nfO{ cg'z/0f ub}{ lgudn] hxfh hf“rsf nflu hfg] clGtd lbg cfpg'k"j{ g} cGt/f{li6«o 6]08/ u¥of] . ;f] 6]08/df cfO=Pg=;L= Po/nfOG;, 6fO6g Po/j]h, Po/ xNof08 / Pgf6f]lnofn] efu lnP . kof{Kt 6]08/ gcfPsf] eg]/ km]l/ ;do ylkof] . To;df Po/ a'|gfO ylkof] .

lgudsf] ;fvM / lgud;“usf] sf/f]af/ x]/L Po/ xNof08 / a|'gfO Po/n] hxfh lbg] OR5f b]vfP . lgudsf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] b'j} ;+:yf;“u ;dembf/Ldf k|lt p8fg 306f ##)) 8n/df ljdfg lbg] k|:tfj u¥of] . /f]on a'|gfO{ % jif{ k'/fgf] 767-300 hxfh k|ltp8fg 306f #$)) xhf/df lbg] k|:tfj u¥of] .

6]08/df jf]OË 757 sf] pNn]v ePsf]n] lgudsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ a|'gfOsf] jf]OË 707 sf] k|:tfj :jLsf/ ug{ lxlRsrfP . pgLx¿n] k|lt p8fg 306f #@)) 8n/df ga9fO{ hxfh Nofpg] u/L ;Demf}tf ug{ Joj:yfkgnfO{ cg'dlt lbP . Po/ xNof08 k|lt p8fg306f #!#) 8n/df hxfh lbg tof/ eof] . ToxL a]nf /f]on a'|gfOn] ;ftjif{ k'/fgf] 767-300 hxfh @&%) 8n/ k|lt p8fg 306fdf lbg] k|:tfj Nofof] . t/, lj1fkgdf dfu ul/Psf] 757 jf]OË eg]/ lgudsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ Po/ xNof08;“u ;Demf}tf ug{ cu|;/ eP . ptfaf6 ;Demf}tf ug{ 6f]nL cfof] .

t/ ;Demf}tf uhasf] 7fp“df uP/ c8\Sof] . P8\efG; gkfO Pc/ xf]Nof08n] ljdfg Nof08 gu/fpg] otf r]h Po/df sfa' ePsf lgudsf kbflwsf/L hxfh Nof08 gu/L e'QmfgL lbg gdfGg] . s'/f ldn]g . Po/ xNof08n] cfkm\gf] hxfh cfkm\g} Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/ nufof] . otf lgudsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ To;kl5 k¥of], km;fb .

lgudsf kbflwsf/L;“u ca a|'gfOdf z/0f kg'{ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk lyPg . a|'gfOsf] k|lt306f @&%) 8n/df bL3{sfnLg ef8fdf lbg] k|:tfj u/]sf] lyof] . @ dlxgfsf nflu #))) df lbg pm ;xdt lyof] . otf lgudn] lg0f{o ug{ l9nfO u¥of] . p;n] klg hxfh cGt k7fof] . lgud ;"q eG5, a|'gfO cem} klg lgudnfO{ lnh kr]{h -ls:tfaGbLdf_ hxfh lbg tof/ 5 . $=% b]lv % s/f]8 8n/df pm k'/fgf] hxfh lbg tof/ 5 . gof“ 767 af]Oª ljdfgsf] d"No em08} !) s/f]8 8n/ kb{5 . oL ljdfgx¿sf] ;L6 Ifdtf @ ;o $) x'G5 . hals 767 sf] ! ;o () dfq . 7"nf] ljdfgdf sfuf]{ Ifdtf a9L x'gfn] To;n] sfuf]{af6 klg w]/} cfDbfgL ug]{ ;"qx¿sf] bfaL 5 .

t/ Soflag qm' / xf]6n ;lxtsf] o:tf] cfsif{s k|:tfj u'dfPsf] lgudsf ;fd' ca c¿ ljsNk 5}g . cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf hxfh Nofp“bf ljutb]lv sf/f]af/ rNb} cfPsf] ;fpy rfOgf g} clGtd ljsNk x'gk'u]sf] 5 . lgudsf] g;f–g;f a'em\g'ePsf elgPsf k|aGw lgb]{zs df]xgk|;fb vgfnnfO{ lguddf cf;g hdfP/ a;]sf wld/fx¿n] s;/L c;kmn agfP of] eg] /x:os} ljifo 5 .

gof“ ;/sf/sf] x}l;ot rGbs} ;dfg M k|r08

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] ;/sf/;“u jftf{df a;L cfkm\gf] cfjZostf / ¿lr cg';f/sf dfux¿ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;kmn dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tj rGb ;/sf/sf] cfsl:ds ktgaf6 cfZro{ rlst ePsf] atfOG5 .

/fhfn] cfkm"k|lt c;fWo} akmfbf/ JolQmnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfPsf]n] lgjf{rg afx]s of] ;/sf/ hf“b}g eGg] cg'dfg dfcf]jfbLsf] lyof] . ;/sf/ bL3{hLjL x'g] / csf]{lt/ rGb h:tf] sdhf]/ k|wfgdGqLsf] ;/sf/;“u ;Demf}tf ubf{ a9L kfpg ;Sg] ck]Iff klg lyof] . To;}n] pgLx¿ rGb ;/sf/;“u jftf{df cfPsf lyP .

t/, k|wfgdGqL rGbsf] /fhLgfdfn] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] cg'dfg unt lg:Sof] . rGbsf] ;/sf/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ;dy{g ug'{sf] csf]{ sf/0f s] lyof] eg] sdhf]/ ;/sf/ r'gfj;Dd} uP klg o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ dtfwf/ v:sfpg] ;Defjgf 5}g . t/, alnof] cem Pdfn] h:tf] ;+uf]qL kf6L{ kl/lbof] eg] ltgn] dfcf]jfbLsf] klg dg sf6\g]5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] lxhf] ;f“em Ps lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ ljb]zL zlQmx¿sf] rnv]nsf sf/0f o:tf] x'guPsf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] eGg'ePsf] 5– æljBdfg l:yltdf b/af/åf/f lgo'Qm ul/g] s'g} klg k|wfgdGqLsf] j}wflgstf / g}lts x}l;ot nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] eGbf km/s x'g] 5}g / To;k|sf/sf] s';L{df ul/g] x]/km]/n] b]z / hgtfsf ljs/fn ;d:ofx¿sf] s'g} klg ;dfwfg ug{;Sg] 5}g .Æ

pxf“n] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] lglDt hg–cfGbf]ngsf] a9L cfjZostf e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;+bb\jfbL g]tfx¿ k|wfgdGqL aGg uPdf To;n] abgfd Oltxf;sf] k'g/fj[lQ dfq} u/fpg] 7f]s'jf klg pgLx¿n] u/]sf lyP .

ls dfu k"/f ug'{k¥of] ls bdg ug'{k¥of]

s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, kf]ln6Jo'/f] ;b:o, g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_

) clxn]sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gnfO{ s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <

of] /fhgLlts ¿kn] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] hgtfnfO{ e'nfpg] sfo{ u/]sf] Pp6f if8\oGqsf] lx:;f xf] . /fi6« cu|ufdL lgsf;sf lgldQ tof/ /x]sf] avt ;/sf/ km]g]{ sfd hgtfnfO{ e'nfpg], jftf{nfO{ cNemfpg] lgotn] clxn]sf] kl/jt{g ePsf] xf] .

) jftf{ s;/L cufl8 hfG5 t <

jftf{ ;/sf/;“u eGbf klg k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u ug]{ xf] . t/ cfufdL ;/sf/ s;/L aG5 To;df klg e/ kb{5 . clxn] ;/sf/ agfpg], s;/L agfpg] eGg] k|lqmof ;'¿ dfq} u/]sf 5g\ . @÷# lbgdf :ki6 xf]nf .

) o'4lj/fd e· x'G5 <

clxn] eË eP ;/x g} t 5 . pgLx¿ -;/sf/_ n] dfG5] dfl//fv]sf 5g\ . jftf{sf] ;xdlteGbf aflx/ sfd e}/fv]sf 5g\ . g]tfx¿ 5'6]sf 5}gg\, o;nfO{ eË ePsf] geg] s] eGg] <

) ca tkfO{"x¿sf] /fhgLlt s] <

ca xfdL zflGtk"0f{ ;8s cfGbf]ng ;'¿ u5f}{" . ;8s cfGbf]ng u/]sf bnx¿n] hgtfnfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ ltgsf d'2fx¿df ;Daf]wg gu/L ;/sf/df uP eg] xfdL ;8s cfGbf]ngdfkm{t hgtfnfO{ p7fp“5f}" .

) o:tf] x'g;S5 eGg] k"jf{g'dfg lyof] <

x/]s zflGtjftf{sf] qmddf o:tf ptf/r9fj cfpg ;S5 . To;}n] of] gf}nf] xf]Og .

) b/af/ / bnx¿ ldn] s] x'G5 <

of] bf}/fg g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ Pp6f zlQmsf] ¿kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;d:of ;dfwfg gu/L oxf“ s]xL ;Dej 5}g . ls xfd|f] dfu k"/f ug'{k¥of], ls xfdLnfO{ bdg u/]/ ;vfk kfg'{k¥of] .

) r'gfj 3f]if0ff eof] eg] <

g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/L, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cnUofP/ r'gfj ;Dej 5}g .

) ;/sf/sf] ktg j}b]lzs v]n xf] <

xf] . clxn] h]–hlt eO/fv]sf] 5, ljb]zL Ozf/fdf eO/fv]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL / bnx¿sf] cfGbf]ng lzlyn kfg{ ljb]zLx¿ nfu]sf 5g\ .

ef]6]sf];L ljjfbn] ufd]{G6 ;x'lnot c8\Sof]

sf7df8f}" . ef]6]sf];L hnljB't cfof]hgf / ljB't k|flw/0fs/0faLr pTkGg ljjfb tfls{s lgisif{df gk'u]sf] x'gfn] g]kfndf pTkflbt tof/L kf]zfssf] ;xh cd]l/sf k|j]zdf ;d:of pTkGg x'g] ePsf] 5 .

pRr ;"qx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ clxn] cd]l/sL sf+u|];df …g]kfn ufd]{G6 jLnÚ ljrf/fwLg 5 . of] ljw]osdf g]kfndf pTkflbt tof/L kf]zfsnfO{ klg clk|msL d''n'sx¿nfO{ lbP ;/x ;xh cd]l/sL k|j]zsf] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . Tof] jLn #÷$ xKtfb]lv yGs]/ a;]sf] 5 .

t/ cd]l/sL kf08f OghL{ sDkgLn] nufgL u/]sf] ef]6]sf];Ldf ljB't pTkfbgdf / ljB't vl/bdf s]xL ;d:ofx¿ b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . pQm cfof]hgfn] #^ d]ufjf6sf] nfO;]G; lnP/ %@ d]ufaf6 Ifdtfsf pks/0f h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L cg'dlt lnPsf] eGbf a9Lsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf hf]8\g] sDkgLsf] nfO;]G; vf]l;g'kg]{ dfu k|flws/0fleqaf6} cfPsf] lyof] . ljB't k|flws/0fn] o; ;dodf 5fgljg klg u¥of] . o;n] 5fgljg ubf{ #^ d]ufjf6sf] nfO;]G; lnPsf] o;n] $% lsnf]jf6 Ifdtf h8fg u/]sf] kfOPsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

t/ k|flws/0fsf clwsf/Lx¿ of] clws Ifdtfsf] ljjfbnfO{ cGTo ug{ vf]Hb} 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;f] sDkgLn] :jLs[lt j]u/ pTkfbg Ifdtf a9fPsf] ( d]ufjf6sf] cg'dlt b:t'/ lnO{ o;nfO{ rf]VofOg]5 . k|flws/0fsf pRr ;"qx¿n] ( d]ufjf6 Ifdtf lj:tf/sf] @& nfv ¿k}of“ /f]oN6L lnOg] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . otf ef]6]sf];Ln] cfkm"n] pTkfbg u/L g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ laqmL ug]{ ljB'tsf] b/ / e'QmfgLdf klg ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] 5 . cfkm"n] lah'nL a]r]afkt k|rlnt b/df jif]{gL !@ nfv 8n/ kfpg'kg]{ bfaL ef]6]sf];Lsf] 5 .

ef]6]sf];Ldf nufgL ug]{ kf08f ;d"xsf g]kfnL ;fem]bf/ ;f]N6L u|'k xf] . oxL ;d"xsf] bjfjdf cd]l/sfsf] kf08f OghL{ sDkgLsf 68{ sf6{/nfO{ nufP/ …g]kfn ufd]{6 jLnÚ /f]lsPsf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f g]kfnsf] tof/L kf]zfs cd]l/sf hfg] ;xh cj;/af6 jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5, ;f]N6L u|'kdf g]kfnsf] /fhkl/jf/sf] ;d]t nufgL /x]sf] lyof] .

gof“ ;/sf/sf] klxnf] sfd ;+;bsf] k'gM:yfkgf

) ca /fhgLlts df]8 stflt/ nfU5 <

3f]lift cfGbf]ngsf b'O{ r/0f ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg e};s]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ng cem ;zQm 9+un] Nofpg xfdL nflu/fv]sf 5f}+ . csf]{lt/ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] bafadf cem} j}wflgs Pj+ cg'Q/bfoL rGb ;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf u/]sf] 5 o;n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ yk k'li6 / :yflkt ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] /fhLgfdf ;“u;“u} ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof ;'¿ ePsf] 5 . o; l;nl;nfdf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] >L % ;“u e]63f6, s'/fsfgL ;'¿ ePsf] 5 . Psflt/ e]63f6 Pj+ ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] 5nkmn ;'¿ ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng yk cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .

) >L % ;“usf] e]63f6 if8\oGqsf] Pp6f c+u xf] <

h;/L Jojxf/ eof] To;n] z+sf pAhfPsf] 5 . $ bnx¿ dfq} eg]/ af]nfPsf]df cgfjZos JolQmx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ k|wfgdGqL kbsf] bfjf ug{ nufOof] . o;n] z+sf pAhfPsf] xf] .

) casf] k|wfgdGqL dxf;lrj g]kfn xf] <

b]pjfhL, /f0ffhL / d08nhLsf] bfaLdf s'g} t's 5}g . t/, kf“rj6f bnx¿sf] Psdt 5, pxf“x¿ PSnfPSn} s'b\g'ePsf] 5 . lul/hfafa' cfkm" clgR5's ePsf] / g]dlskf, hgdf]rf{ / ;b\efjgfn] 7"nf bnx¿n] g]t[Tj lng'k5{ eg]sfn] :jefljs ¿kdf g]t[Tjsf] lhDdf Pdfn]sf] x'g cfp“5 . kf“r bndf sf] k|wfgdGqL x'g] eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g .

) ca s'g laGb'df ;Demf}tf ug'{x'G5 < cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf dfu]sf s'/fx¿ hgtfn] k|fKt ug]{ s'/fdf s;/L ljZj:t agfpg'x'G5 <

xfd|f] hgcfGbf]ngsf] nIo k|i6 5 . o;nfO{ k6s–k6s ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx¿sf] ;Nnfx, ;Ddlt / l;kmfl/;df k|wfgdGqLsf] lgo'lQm ug]{, k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g ug]{, Tof] dlGqkl/ifb\ ;+ljwfg;Ddt sfo{sf/L clwsf/n] ;DkGg x'g'kg]{ / To:tf] dlGqkl/ifb\n] cfkm\gf] k|fylds sfo{leq ;+;b\sf] k'g:yf{kgf, dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg / b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfgsf nflu cfjZos sfo{ ug]{5 egL >L % ;dIf xfdLn] s'/f /fVof} .

o;k6s cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿sf] l;kmfl/;df dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g / sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ;DkGg ;/sf/ u7g u/]/ dfq} hgtfsf] lrQ a'em\g]jfnf 5}g . Tof] t cufl8 a9\g] cfwf/ dfq} xf] . )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] pknlAwdf pleP/ b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg'k5{ . To;}n] ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn u/fpg ;+;b\sf] k'g:yf{kgf jf ;j{kIfLo ;/sf/ u7gn] hgtfnfO{ yk clwsf/ ;DkGg u/fpg ;lsG5 .

) clxn] g} ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{, ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ clg dfu k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 <

xfdL h'g clwsf/ ;DkGg ;/sf/ agfp“5f}+ Tof] ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0fn] t Pp6f cfwf/ kq dfq} tof/ x'G5 . Tof] cfwf/df pleP/ b]zn] cu|udgtkm{ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . Tof] cu|udgtkm{ cufl8 a9\gsf nflu Tof] ;/sf/n] e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ . To;n] To:tf] sfd ug{ ;s]g eg] hgtf To;df lrQ a'emfP/ a:g]jfnf 5}gg\ . of] s'/f /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] a'em] x'G5 .

) dfcf]jfbL;“u jftf{ ug'{x'G5 <

clxn]sf] ;/sf/ hf] l;Gsf ef“Rg];Ddsf] x}l;ot /fVg}g Tof] ;/sf/n] b]zsf s'g} klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}gYof] . of] Jojxf/n] bvfPsf] klg 5 .

ca aGg] ;/sf/ h'g 9+un] aGb5 -xfdLn] eg]sf] 9+un] ag]df_ Tof] ;/sf/ ;+ljwfg;Ddt x'G5, To;nfO{ hg;dy{g k|fKt x'G5 / Tof] ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'G5 . o;n] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ Ifdtf /fV5 . Tof] ;/sf/n] jt{dfg jftf{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]5 . clxn]sf] h'g o'4lj/fd 5, Tof] xfd|} dfu / c8fgsf] kl/0ffd xf] . of] o'4lj/fdn] ;fy{stf k|fKt ug'{kb{5 .

) ;xdlt cg'df]bg sxf“af6 u/fpg'x'G5 <

xfdLn] eg]sf] ;/sf/ ag]df To;n] ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{5 . b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ a9fpg] sfo{df ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg]5 . Tof] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ul/g]5 .

) dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]/ hgtfdf hfg'x'G5 ls <

;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf b'O{j6f kf6f 5g\ . Pp6f, zlQm / k|hftGqsf nflu, csf]{, k|ltudgnfO{ k/flht ug]{ b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ cufl8 a9fpg], zflGtnfO{ b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;kmn t'Nofpg] .

ca aGg] ;/sf/ lg/Gt/sfnsf nflu t x'"b}g . To;}n] of] ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg lqmofzLn u/fpg]5 . o;sf] nflu ca aGg] ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf ;+;b\sf] k'g:yf{kgf x'g]5 . ;“u} dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu k|fylds st{Jo ;Dem]/ cufl8 a9\g]5 .

;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ;lsof] eg] hgtfsf] clwsf/ k'g:yf{kgf x'G5 . ;+;b\n] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ k|of;sf] yfngL ug{ ;Sg] eof] . dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg eof] eg] lgjf{rg ug]{ l:ylt :yflkt x'G5 .

) h]7 ( eGbf cufl8 klg t ;+;b\ lyof] lg <

s] sf/0fn] lxhf] zflGtjftf{ rfx"bf rfx"b} klg ;kmn x'g ;s]g, aflx/ cfO;s]sf] 5 . clxn] klg lsg zflGtjftf{ ;kmn x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g Tof] klg k|i6 5 . To;}n] oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngn] b]zdf h'g ;/sf/ / k|lqmof :yflkt u5{ Tof] k|lqmofn] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ x}l;ot /fV5 .

) ca aGg] ;/sf/sf] cfwf/ !@& g} xf] <

lxhf] !@& sf] k|of]udf ePsf] q'6L eg]sf] To;sf] k|of]udf hgtfsf] l;kml/; lyPg . hgtfsf] l;kmfl/; eg]sf] hgtfsf] cledt k|fKt u/]sf] ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/; xf] . lsgeg] k|wfgdGqLn] Pp6f l;kmfl/; u/], To;sf] sfof{Gjog csf]{ 9+un] eof] . !@& k|of]u ubf{ k|wfgdGqLn] l;kmfl/; ub{5, ToxL cg';f/ sfof{Gjog x'G5 . To;jfkt\df uNtL u/]df klg k|wfgdGqL bf]ifL, /fd|f] u/] klg k|wfgdGqL bf]ifL x'G5g\ .

clxn] wf/f !@& k|of]u ubf{ lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;Nnfx, ;Ddlt / l;kmfl/;df sfd x'g'k5{ eGg] sf/0f klg oxL xf] . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb k|wfgdGqL x'"bf rflx+ c;+j}wflgs, /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] l;kmfl/;df aGg] ;/sf/ rflx+ s;/L ;+j}wflgs < eGg] klg k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . km/s s] xf] eg] nf]s]Gb|axfb'/sf] ;/sf/ :j]R5frf/L 9+un] lgo'Qm ;/sf/ xf], xfdLn] eg]sf] ;/sf/ lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx¿sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltdf lgo'Qm ;/sf/ x'g]5 .

) r'gfj rflx+ slxn] x'G5 <

of] ldltdf x'G5 eg]/ ls6fgL ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . ;a} kIf;“u jt{dfg l:yltsf] 5nkmn u/]/ Totftkm{ nfUg'kb{5 .

) dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cnu u/]/ r'gfj ;Dej 5 <

clnslt l9nf]–rf“8f]sf] s'/f xf] . r'gfjsf] ljsNk 5}g . lgjf{rg x'g'k5{ . lgjf{rg ug]{ ;Gbe{df xfdLn] s]xL kIfx¿;“u ;Nnfx ug'{, To;sf nflu ;a}sf] ;xdlt h'6fpg k|of; ug'{ cfkm\gf] 7fp“df 5, t/ lgjf{rgsf] ljsNk 5}g .

) pgLx¿nfO{ d"nwf/df Nofpg s:tf] kxn ug{ ;lsG5 <

dfcf]jfbLsf Ph]08f ;fj{hlgs e};s]sf 5g\ . h'g Ph]08f cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;f/]sf] Ph]08f eGbf vf;} hl6n 5}gg\, km/s 5}gg\ . To;}n] ;femf cfwf/ tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . To;sf] nflu k|of; ug]{ xf] .

hf“bfhf“b} dGqLx¿sf] sdfn
rf}"nfufO"sf kL=P= dxflgb]{zs

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . sf]l/ofdf k|lzIffyL{ sfdbf/ cfk"lt{ ug]{ Ph]G;L rogsf] dfdnfdf gUg ¿kdf …d"g8«K; cf]e/l;hÚ sf] kIfdf pqg'ePsf >d tyf oftfoft dGqL sdnk|;fb rf}"nfufO"n] lau|]sf] sDo'lgi6 rl/qsf] :j¿k hfg] a]nfdf klg b]vfP/} 5f]8\g'eof] .

ljxLaf/;Dd ;u/dfyfsf] :j0f{ dxf]T;jdf Jo:t /xg'k/]sf]n] k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg] va/ dGqLx¿n] klg z'qmaf/ dfq yfxf kfP . dGqL rf}"nfufO{+nfO{ ca cfkb k¥of], cfkm"n] u/]sf sfdx¿ 9fs5f]k ug]{ e/kbf]{ dfG5] rflxof], >d ljefudf . ljefusf dxflgb]{zs nlntaxfb'/ yfkf sf]l/ofsf08df d'l5g' ePsf]n] pxf“ kb 5f]8]/ dGqfno uO{ ;'/lIft eP/ a:g OR5's x'g'x'G5 . k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf cfPkl5 tL Ejfª–Kjfn 6fNg ;Dej lyPg .

To;}n] ljxLaf/s} ldlt /fv]/ dGqL rf}nfufO{+n] dxflgb]{zs yfkfnfO{ dGqfno ;¿jf ul/lbg'eof] . /, cfkm\gf] :jsLo ;lrj -kL=P=_ sf] ¿kdf sfo{/t ;/brGb| uh'/]nnfO{ >d ljefusf] dxflgb]{zs agfpg'eof] sf=d'= lbP/ . sf=d'= lbOPsf uh'/]n /fhkqfls+t låtLo >]0fLsf dfq x'g'x'G5 . rf}nfufO{+ dGqL x'g'k"j{ pxf“ >d sfof{no lj/f6gu/sf] k|d'vsf] ¿kdf sfo{/t x'g'x'GYof] . o;}aLr dGqfno ;"qn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ sf]l/ofdf k|lzIffyL{ sfdbf/ k7fpgsf nflu ul/Psf] cGtjf{tf{df dGqfnosf] k|ltlglwTj gePsf] hgfOG5 . k};fsf] andf rog ul/Psf] cfk"lt{ Ph]G;Lsf] efUo ca eg] 8UdufPsf] 5 . cbfntdf d'2f k/]sf] ;a} s'/fnfO{ rf}+nfufO{+sf] k|ToIf x:tIf]kdf n'sfP/ em"6f] kqfrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

To:t} z'qmaf/} k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf cfpg] yfxf kfPkl5 ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqL gf/fo0fl;+x k'gn] vfg]kfgL ljefu dxflgb]{zs w|'jaxfb'/ >]i7nfO{ d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfdf, d]nDrL cfof]hgfsf k|d'v /fhs'df/ dNnnfO{ vfg]kfgL ljefudf / ;x;lrj >L/fd >]i7nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] dxflgb]{zsdf ;¿jf ul/lbg'ePsf] 5 . vfg]kfgLsf pkdxfk|aGws uf}tdbf; >]i7nfO{ dGqfnodf ;x;lrj tf]lsPsf] 5 eg] jl/i7 ;x;lrj sljGb| lji6nfO{ ljefud'lg pk;lrj ;/xsf] kb l8lehgn k|d'v agfP/ ;'v]{t k7fOPsf] 5 .

of] ;Dk"0f{ v]ndf dGqfnosf ;lrj ef/tL zdf{sf] ;+nUgtf ePsf] ;"qx¿sf] bfaL 5 . pxf“n] cfkm\gf dGqLnfO{ kf6L{ lj:tf/ vr{ h'6fpg] lhDdf lng'ePsf] atfOG5 .

k|ltlglw;efsf] k'gM:yfkgM jt{dfg ;+s6sf] pQd lgsf;

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . jt{dfg ;+s6af6 ;xh lgsf;sf] pQd pkfo k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf x'g;Sg] Ps cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf] 5 . cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; s]Gb|åf/f xfn} $& hgf ;+ljwfgljb\, kqsf/, /fhgLltzf:qL nufot ljleGg a'l4hLjL;“usf] cGt/lqmofTds 5nkmnaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] ;f] cg';Gwfgsf cg';f/ k|ltlglw;ef g} To:tf] dfWod xf] . hxf“af6 lgjf{lrt lgsfosf] k'g:yf{kgf x'G5 . o;n] ;/sf/ agfpg ;S5 Pj+ oxL ;+ljwfg k'gM k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'G5 . k|ltlglw;efn] u7g u/]sf] ;/sf/df ;a} /fhgLlts zlQmx¿ ;lDdlnt x'g;S5g\ . To;n] dfcf]jfbL;“u jftf{ ug{;S5 . ;+;b\jfbL /fhgLlts bn / dfcf]jfbL b'j}sf] clei6 hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ xf] eg] k|ltlglw;efn] agfPsf] ;/sf/n] jftf{ cl3 a9fp“5 / k|ltlglw;efn] ;/sf/nfO{ tfhf hgfb]z lng] cfb]z lbg;S5 . o; cy{af6 x]bf{ clxn]sf] lgsf;dWo] k|ltlglw ;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf g} ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L / bL3{sfnLg x'g]5 . ;+ljwfg;efdf g} hfg] xf] eg] klg To;sf] j}wflgstfsf nflu k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf x'g'kg]{ lgisif{ cg';Gwfgn] lgsfn]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts d'2fx¿sf] lg/fs/0f / lg¿k0f sfg'gL k|lqmofaf6 ;Dej gx'g] x'"bf ;+ljwfg ldr]/ lgsf;sf] lg0f{o lng'kg]{ pNn]v ub}{ k|ltj]bgn] o;/L k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;ef Gofo;+ut Pj+ ;+ljwfg ;Ddt\ x'g] 7x/ ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .

o;}u/L k|ltj]bgn] k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf afx]s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg, ;j{bnLo cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] ¿kdf j}slNks pkfosf] ;'emfj ;d]t lbPsf] 5 .

;+ljwfg;efnfO{ j}slNks af6f]sf] ¿kdf ln"b} cg';Gwfgsf] lgisif{n] eg]sf] 5, æzt{ /lxt x'g] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;ef pko'Qm x'g;S5 .Æ t/ lgjf{rgdf lgikIftf, o;sf] cf}lrTotf Pj+ sfo{ljlwsf] hl6ntfn] o;sf] af6f] Tolt plrt gx'g] klg lgisif{ cg';Gwfgdf lgsflnPsf] 5 . To:t} dfcf]jfbL Ot/sfsf] dfq} ;xeflutfdf x'g] r'gfj, j}wflgstf g/x]sf] ;/sf/n] u/fpg] r'gfjn] ljsf; kfpg g;Sg] bfaL klg k|ltj]bgsf] 5 . lgisif{df /fhgLlts bnx¿n] kl/kSjtf / lhDd]jf/L af]w ug'{'kg]{ Gofonon] cfkm"nfO{ ;LdfxLg ug{ gx'g], >L % af6 ljjflbt sbd p7fpg gx'g], ;/sf/ hgpQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{, gful/s ;dfhn] klg cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f ug'{kg]{ Pj+ bft[ ;d'bfo, ljb]zL ldqx¿n] oxf“sf] oyfy{tfnfO{ a'em\g'kg]{ pNn]v 5 .

cfwf :yfgLo of]hgf cnkq

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . utjif{ :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] lj36g / b]zsf] cl:y/tfsf] sf/0f :yfgLo lgsfodf x'g] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf %) k|ltzt of]hgfx¿ cnkq k/]sf 5g\ .

cfly{s jif{ )%(÷)^) sf] ;dflKt x'g @ dlxgf dfq af“sL /x"bf o:tf of]hgfdf x'g] /sdsf] %) k|ltzt klg vr{ x'g g;s]sf] tYof+s :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno ;|f]tn] lbPsf] 5 . :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno of]hgf d"Nof+sg tyf cg'udg zfvfn] pknAw u/fPsf] tYof+s cg';f/ k|fyldstfsf s]xL of]hgf afx]s cGo of]hgfdf $) k|ltzt /sd ;d]t vr{ ePsf] kfO"b}+g . u|fdL0f kx'"r sfo{qmd, lhNnf ;8s sfo{qmd h:tf of]hgfx¿n] nlIft p2]Zosf] %) k|ltzt ;kmntf ;d]t k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] :ki6 ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 .

rGb ;/sf/n] ah]6 k|lqmofnfO{ ;/nLs/0f agfP klg hgpQ/bfoL k|ltlglwx¿ gePsf] / a9\bf] dfcf]jfbL qf;sf sf/0f ljsf; of]hgfx¿n] nlIft p2]Zodf k'Ug g;s]sf] egfO cg'udg zfvfsf Ps clwsf/Lsf] 5 . t/, ljsf;sf nflu vfBfGg / klZrdL t/fO{ ul/aL lgjf/0f h:tf sfo{qmdsf] ah]6 a9L vr{ x'"bf ;d]t nlIft vr{n] ^) k|ltztdf dfq ;Gt'ng x'g] pgsf] bfaL 5 . bf];|f] rf}dfl;s cjlwsf] cGTo;Dd :yfgLo lgsfosf lhlj; / uflj;x¿df x'g] vr{sf] k|ltzt s]jn @% dfq lyof] . h;af6 oL lgsfox¿df vr{ x'g] % c/a &! s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ljsf; ah]6sf] 7"nf] lx:;f vr{ gx'g] b]lvG5 . h;df # ca{ cg'bfg / @ ca{ cfGtl/s / cGo ;|f]taf6 Joxf]l/g] ePsf] 5 .

b]zdf o'4lj/fd ePsf] dlxgf}+ lalt;Sbf klg sltko lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx¿d} uflj; ;lrjx¿ al;/x"bf ljsf; of]hgf cl3 a9\g g;s]sf] egfO dGqfnosf] 5 .

h]7 !( / gof“ lIflth b]lvg] cfzf

huGgfy kf}8]n

h]7 !( ut]nfO{ k|ltudglj¿4 ;+rflnt cfGbf]ngsf] t];|f]] r/0fsf] clGtd lbgsf] ¿kdfdfq geP/ lbj+ut /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] a+z gfz ePsf] lbgsf] ¿kdf klg :d/0f ul/g] 5 . bf]];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd;Dd cfOk'Ubf cfGbf]ngn] vf;} ult lng ;s]sf] lyPg . cfGbf]ng lsg < s]sf nflu cfGbf]ng < egL k|Zg ug]{ w]/} g]kfnLx¿ cfZro{hgs ¿kdf t];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngdf :jod\ ;xefuL aGg k'u]sf] b]lvof] . o;/L x]bf{ klxnf] / bf]:f|f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmd hgtfnfO{ k|lzlIft / hfu¿s /fVg vlr{Psf] dfGg' kb{5 . hgtf :jod\ cfGbf]ngdf plqg] qmd ;'¿ ePsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/L ca sfo{stf{ dfq /x]gg\ . cfGbf]ng qmdzM hgcfGbf]ngdf ¿kfGtl/t x'g uO{/x]sf] 5 , cfhsf] jf:tljs oyfy{ oxL xf] . ofjt\ s'07f / u'gf;fsf afah't hgtf k|hftGqs} kx/]bf/ aGg pT;'s ePsf] b]lvof] . ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodsf] Psf]xf]/f] cnfksf afah'b k|ltufdL sbdsf] cf}lrTo :yflkt ug{ ;/sf/ ;j{yf c;kmn /x\of] . k|hftGqn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] ;"rgfsf] clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t ug]{ ;~rf/ dGqLsf] s'l6ntflj¿4 lghL If]qsf] ;~rf/ hutn] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] ;XfPsf dfq 5}gg\ ;Ddfg klg u/]sf 5g\ .

/fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;gsf kl5Nnf cf7 dlxgfdf dfcf]jfbLl;t ePsf]] o'4lj/fdnfO{ afx]s ug]{ xf] eg] cGo s'g} o:tf] sfd ePg h;sf] u0fgf ug{ ;lsof];\ . o'4lj/fd cfkm}df s'g} pknlAw klg xf]Og ha;Dd o'4la/fdnfO{ tfls{s kl/0ffddf k'¥ofpg ;lsGg . k6s–k6s o'4lj/fd eP/ klg kl/0ffd k|To'Tkfbs EfPsf] xfd|f] cg'ej clxn] klg tfh} 5, rfn' jftf{ klg w/fkdf kl/;s]sf] 5 h;nfO{ pknlAwsf] ¿kdf u0fgf ug{ ;Dej 5}g . ;/sf/ h'g k|of]hgsf nflu ag]sf] lyof] To;n] km]l/ klg b'O{j6f o:tf sfd u/]sf] 5 h;n] hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]ngdf plqg k|]l/t ul//x]sf] 5 . klxnf], >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg u/]/ ar]–v'r]sf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ b/af/sf] lhDdf nufPsf] 5 eg] bf];|f], slyt /fhb/af/ vr{;DaGwL P]gdf ;+zf]wg u/]/ /fhfnfO{ /fli6«o 9's'6Laf6 :jljj]sLo ¿kdf c;Lldt /sd lgsfNg] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf]] 5 . ;/sf/ p;sf] e"ldsfs} sf/0f jf:tjdf ef/bf/ ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . n]fs]Gb|axfb'/hLsf] ;/sf/nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmn] ef/bf/L ;ef jf /fhfsf] s7k'tnL ;/sf/ eGg] ;+1faf6 lje"lift u/]sf 5g\ eg] To;df s'g} cltzof]lQm 5}g .

a]nfotdf !@!% df /fhf hf]gn] cu|]hx¿nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] dxfg :jtGqtf;DaGwL clen]v -DofUgf sf6f{_ sf] jf:tljs Jojxfl/s k|of]u, !(!! df kfl/t ;+;bLo sfg'g aGg'eGbf cufl8 k"0f{¿kn] x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . o;aLrdf /fhf / k|hfsfaLr ePsf ;+3if{df rfn{;\ k|ydsf] Hofg klg uPsf] 5 . /fh;+:yfsf] cfjZostfsf] sf/0f aflx/af6 /fhf NofO{ :yflkt ug]{ sfd klg ePklg cGttM lht hgtfs} ePsf] 5  . Oltxf;af6 xfdLn] / xfd|f /fhfn] l;Sg] s'/f w]/} 5 . /fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fgdf xfdLn] u/]sf] cEof; g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efkltn] eg] h:t} ;of}" jif{ cufl8 a]nfotL hgtfn] u/]sf] ;3if{s} csf]{ ¿k xf] . k|1f– k|lti7fgdf cfof]lht ljz]if a}7s j}w–cj}w s] xf] Tof] cfkm\gf] 7fp“df 5, t/ To;n] lnPsf lg0f{ox¿ P]ltxfl;s / b"/ufdL k|efj /fVg] k|s[ltsf 5g\ . k|ltlglw;efsf] ljz]if a}7sn] u/]sf lg0f{oaf6 hgtf cfGbf]lnt x'g k'u]sf 5g\, ;DejtM To;}sf sf/0f ;/sf/ uNof{d\ u'n'{d 9n]sf] klg xf] . hgtfsf] efjgfnfO{ d'vl/t ug]{ s'/f hxf“ h'g ¿kdf ePklg x'G5, l;+xb/af/ jf /fhb/af/df a;]/ lng] lg0f{odfq k|efjsf/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f xf]Og . zf;g :j]R5frf/L xf]Og hgtfsf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwsf] lgoGq0fdf x'g'kb{5, dfcf]jfbLl;tsf] jftf{ ;kmn x'g'kb{5, zflGt rfxg] / k|hftGq rfxg] hgtf Pp6} xf], hgtf cljefHo 5 . k|hftGqsf nflu ePsf] ;+3if{ zflGtlj/f]wL x'g ;Sb}g, zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng hgtfsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . bdg / pTkL8gaf6 hgtfnfO{ Gofof]lrt dfu /fVgaf6 al~rt ug{ ;lsGg . bdgsf] k|lt/f]w g};lu{s clwsf/leq} kb{5 . k|hftGqdf cWofb]zaf6 xf]Og ;+;b\n] kfl/t u/]sf] ljlw cg';f/ g} ;a}s'/f x'g'kb{5 eGg'sf] cltl/Qm k|rlnt sfg'g / ;+ljwfgljk/Lt lab]zLnfO{ gful/stf lbg' /fi6«3ft xf] . b]zsf $) nfv gful/sn] gful/stf kfpg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf e'6fgLnfO{ gful/stf lbg]] 7f8f] lg0f{o s'g} klg b]zsf] lhDd]jf/ ;/sf/n] ug}{ ;Sb}g, t/ rGb ;/sf/n] u¥of] . cfGbf]ngsf/L /fhgLlts kf6L{n] 5 j6f 5'§f5'§} lg0f{oaf6 ;/sf/nfO{ pbfË kfl/lbPkl5 cfGbf]ngsf/L bnsf] k5fl8 hgtf PsfPs ;8sdf cf]n]{sf] xf] . h]7 !( ut]sf] h'n'; ;+VofTds / u'0ffTds b'j} lx;fan] P]ltxfl;s x'g] 5, ;DejtM lg0ff{os klg .

x/]s lqmofsf] ;dfgfGt/ k|ltlqmof x'G5 . zflGtk"0f{ h'n';dfly ePsf] ;/sf/L bdg, b]z / hgtfsf] lxt ljk/Lt ;/sf/n] u/]sf sltko lg0f{ox¿, ;~rf/ hutsf] :jtGqtf ckx/0f ug]{ ;~rf/ dGqLsf] s'l6n rfn, hgcfGbf]ngsf sdf08/ :jod\nfO{ abgfd ug]{ / em'6\7f d'2fdf km;fpg] if8\oGqsf] k|ltlqmofdf hgtf ;8sdf plq/x]sf] 5 . hgtf b/af/ xTofsf08 5fglagsf] tTsfnLg z}nL / tf/fgfy /fgfef6sf] k|:t'ltaf6 klg laNs'n c;Gt'i6 5 . ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] clGtd lbg h]7 !( ut] la/f]w h'n';dfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfn] k|ltufdL / k'g¿TyfgjfbLx¿nfO{ lg0ff{os rf]6 k|xf/ ug]{ cj;/sf] ¿kdf pkof]u ug]{5g\ . !( ut]sf] h'n'; jf/ kf/sf] eof] eg] klg cfZro{ gdfg] x'G5 .

rf/ hd{gdfly lgu/fgL

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . s~rgh+3f ;+/If0f If]qsf] e|d0f ug{ uPsf rf/hgf hd{gL gful/sx¿nfO{ ljgf Ohfht k|ltalGwt sL/fx¿ ;+sng u/L a§fx¿df xfn]/ nfg nfu]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] If]qsf sd{rf/Lx¿n] tL gful/sx¿nfO{ kqmg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . o;/L kqmfp kg]{ tL gful/sx¿df j]u]n PG8«]o; kf;kf]6{ gDa/ (*!$)$^!%), lkm;r]/ df]/f]sf] (&!%!$@^&^, Aof6]G;6]g dfl6{g Pn= (%^^!!), / 8f= u|Ln P/xf8{ $*$&!*^)*^ 5g\ . ;/bf/ /fd 7fs'/sf] ;fydf s~rgh+3f ;+/If0f If]qdf e|d0f ug]{ qmddf tL gful/sx¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf sL/fx¿ w'G;f If]qaf6 sL/f ;+sng u/L ofDkm'lbg x'"b} ;'s]6f/ -tfKn]h'ª_ df oxL afx| ut] d]rL u]i6 xfp;df al;/x]sf] a]nfdf s~rgh+3f ;+/If0f If]q cfof]hgf ;Dks{ sfof{noaf6 vl6O{ cfPsf sd{rf/Lx¿n] vfgtnf;L ubf{ Ohfht w'G;f If]qaf6 ;+sng u/]sf ;fgf–7"nf u/L !$ j6f a§fdf cf}ifwL;lxt ;'/lIft /fv]sf] cj:yfdf ljleGg hftsf sL/f, km6\ofª\u|f, ;l/;[k tyf peor/ a/fdb u/L lghx¿nfO{ ;f]xL If]qdf lgod cg';f/ sf/afxL ul/"b} u/]sf] s'/f jg dGqfno ;"qn] atfof] .

oL sL/fx¿ cGt/f{li6«o hutdf g} dx"uf] dflgG5g\ . sltnfO{ cf}ifwLsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/G5 eg] slt dgf]/~hgsf ;fwg x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . oL ko{6sx¿ Ohfht glnOsg ;f] If]q k;]sf lyP, h;n] ubf{ sf/afxL k|s[lt clns sl7g x'g] dGqfno ;"q atfp“5 .

:jljj]sLo clwsf/, e|i6frf/sf] cfwf/

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

af/f . of] cfly{s jif{df af/f lhNnfsf] /fli6«o jg If]qleq k|rlnt P]g sfg'gljk/Lt jg k}bfjf/sf] rf]/L lgsf;L ug]{ &! hgfnfO{ jg sfof{no af/fn] kqmfp u¥of] . tLdWo] @& hgfnfO{ d'2f bfo/ u/]/ sfg'gL sf/afxL ul/Psf] 5 . t/, w]/}h;f] h]n rnfg geP/ w/f}6Ldf lx/f;taf6 d'Qm ePsf 5g\ . jg P]g, @)$( n] lhNnf jg clws[tnfO{ b; xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/jfgf, Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g] u/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ sfg'gL clwsf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;f] ;hfoeGbf a9L ePdf lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ul/G5 eg] lhNnf jg clws[tsf] km};nf pk/ lrQ ga'em] #% lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg] sfg'gL Joj:yf 5 . clws :jljj]sLo clwsf/ lbOPsfn] jg d'2fx¿sf] txlssft ug]{ jg sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s ldn]dtf] tyf /fhg}lts bafadf b08–;hfo sd ug]{ u/]sf] u'gf;f] cfPsf] 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no af/f, l;d/fsf clws[t bLks pkfWofosf cg';f/ txlssft ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] a9L ;hfo" x'g] cleo'QmnfO{ sd ;hfo" u/]/ d'Qm ug{ klg ;S5 / sd ;hfo" x'g]nfO{ a9L ;hfo" klg ug{;S5 .

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