sf7df08f}+, a}zfv @! @)^)

cg'ej cGtjftf{

xfdLn] >Lk]r dfluxfn]sf 5}gf}"

/fdrGb| kf}8]n

-g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] bf];|f] k':tfdf ca cf"vf nufpg] JolQm Pp6} /x\of]– /fdrGb| kf}8]n . Tof] k':tfsf cu|0fL :yfgdf /xg'ePsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf cfkm\g} dxTjfsf+Iffsf] lzsf/ aGg'eof] . ca sf+u]|;sf] g]t[Tj / To;dfkm{t b]zsf] zf;sLo /y xf"Sg] of]Uotf clxn]sf] l:ylt;Dd pxf"n] nueu u'dfO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . csL{ g]t[ z}nhf cfrfo{sf cleJolQmx¿ lg/fz, Oiof{ ldl>t x'"b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . ltgn] pxf"nfO{ sxf" k'¥ofp"5g\, eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . sf+u|];sf] bf];|f] k':tfdf g;8]sf] PSsfsf ¿kdf b]lvg'ePsf /fdrGb| kf}8]nk|lt d"n sf+u]|;af6 aflxl/Psf k|hftGqjfbLx¿sf] cf:yf klg 36]sf] 5}g . sf+u]|;nfO{ g]t[TjljxLg agfpg]x¿n] klg pxf"nfO{ tfls/x]sf 5g\ . h'g k|of; cGo g]tf / kf6L{x¿df klg hf/L /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] uDeL/ cj:yfdf g]kfnL sf+u]|;, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ PsLs[t dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbL, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL ;d"x_, ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfn / g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{n] cf/De u/]sf] hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ b]zfGt/n] g]tf kf}8]n;"u jftf{ u/]sf] lyof] . k|:t't 5– jftf{sf] ;f/_

) j}zfv !( ut]sf] ;Gb]zdfkm{t k|wfgdGqLn] t bnx¿nfO{ 7f8f] r'gf}tL lbg'eof] lg † tkfO{+x¿n] vf]h]sf] lgsf; lg:sG5 <

bdg u/]/ hfg ;lsG5 eGg] dfgl;stf b/af/n] agfof] eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . b/af/n] clxn]sf] hgdfg; / /fi6«sf] kl/l:yltnfO{ unt d"Nofª\sg u/]sf] 5 . c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL ;Daf]wgdf æxfdLdf cGt/lglxt /fhsLo ;Qfsf] k|of]u u/LÆ eg]/ /fhfn] rfn]sf] sbd hgtfnfO{ cG8/ l:6d]6 u/]sf] k|df0f xf] . l:yltsf] unt cy{ nufP/ hgtfsf] OR5flj¿4 h;/L sfdx¿ ul/P, ul/b}"5 To;}af6 /fhf bnbndf km";]sf 5g\ . clxn] klg /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] vf;} 7"nf] s'/f dfu]sf lyPgg\ . >Lk]r dfu]sf lyPgg\ . u0ftGq eg]sf lyPgg\ . u0ftGq eGg]x¿nfO{ klg kf6L{x¿sf] hgdtn] lg¿T;flxt u/fPsf] lyof] . u0ftGqsf nflu eg]/ xltof/ p7fP/ hf] cfP ltgLx¿nfO{ klg /0fgLlts ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltdf kf6L{x¿n] g} NofPsf 5g\ .

;]gfsf] Jof/]s sAhf ug]{ l:ylt;Dd k'lu;s]sf] zlQmnfO{ /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] g} u0ftGqsf] s'/f ug{ kfp"b}gf+}, hgjfb :jLsfo{ 5}g egL lg¿T;flxt u/fP . u0ftGqsf] s'/f 5f]8]/ c¿ s'/fdf ;Demf}tf ug{ Ph]08f k|:t't ug]{ kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f b/af/n] u/fPsf] xf]Og k|hftflGqs hgdtn] xf] . To;}nfO{ /fhfn] pk]Iff u/] / oL kf6L{x¿n] s] dfu u/]sf 5g / † g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] :yfkgf u/]sf d"No dfGotfx¿sf] /Iff x'g'k¥of] . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo k|hftGq ;'/lIft x'g'sf ;fy} ;+ljwfg lqmofzLn x'g' k¥of] . /fhfn] hf/L u/L, /fhfn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] ;+ljwfgdf /fhf cfkm" klg dof{lbt eP/ /xg k¥of], ToxL ;+ljwfgnfO{ agfcf}+ eGg] kf6L{x¿sf] dfu lyof] . To:tf]df klg ltdLx¿nfO{ k]n]/} hfG5' egL PstkmL{ ¿kdf /fhf hfg vf]Hg' clgi7fsf] ;"rs xf] . k|wfgdGqLsf] ;Gb]zn] To;}nfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] 5 .

) /fhf rflx+ of] d"Nof+sgdf cfkm}+ k'luaS;]sf] xf] ls cfkm\gf] lktfn] cjnDag u/]sf] dx]Gb|kydf nDsg] OR5fn] xf] < s]xL u/f}+ eg]/ b]vfpg xf] ls oL ;a} sfd ;'lgof]lht tj/n] ePsf] xf] <

;a} s'/fx¿ /fhfsf] cfkm\g} dxTjfsf+Iffn] ePsf] xf] . csf]{tkm{ vfO{kfO{ cfPsf ;'ljwf ef]uL b/afl/ofx¿n] ju{ ;'ljwf gkfp"bf 56\k6fPsf lyP To;n] klg /fhfnfO{ pS;fpg c¿ k|]l/t u¥of] . /, c¿ tTjx¿ klg xf]nfg\ of] /fi6«sf] l:y/tf dg gk/fpg]x¿ . ca ltgLx¿n] s–s;sf] pS;fj6df cfP/ of] af6f] cjnDag u/], h'g /fi6«, /fhtGq, hgtf / k|hftGq s;}sf] lxtdf 5}g . @)$^ ;fndf /fhf / /fhgLlts zlQmx¿aLrsf] 7Ls ;Gt'ng / ;dGjon] /fi6«nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] s'/f to ePsf] lyof] . To;nfO{ vnaNofpg] k|of; ug'{ s'g} xfntdf lxts/ 5}g . xfdLn] t dxf/fhflw/fh Tof] ;+emf}tfaf6 slxNo} ljrlnt xf]OaS;]nf eGg] 7fg]sf lyPgf]}+ / vnaNofpg] unt ;f]rfOn] ;d:ofnfO{ hl6n agfp"5 . /fi6«sf] /fhgLltdf w]/} 7"nf] pyn–k'yn Nofpg klg ;S5 .

) /fhf cfkm}+n] o:tf] hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfsf] dx;'; ul/aS;]sf] xf]nf t <

clxn];Dd dx;'; gu/]sf] a'lemof] . ;'lgb"} 5– s]xL b/afl/ofx¿n] s]xL x'"b}g /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ k]n]/ nUg ;lsG5, logLx¿;"u slthgfsf] ;dy{g 5 / < eg]/ /fhfnfO{ clxn] klg ;Nnfx lb"b}+5g\ . ;'¿df g} unt ;Nnfx lbPsf sf/0f dxf/fhflw/fhn] unt sbdx¿nfO{ rflnaS;]sf] lyof] / Tof] sbd rfNbf logLx¿n] æ;f/f kf6L{;"u dflg;x¿ l/;fPsf 5g\ . jfSs ePsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] s'g} sbd rfn]df hgtfsf] 7"nf] ;dy{g /xG5 .Æ eg]/ pS;fOP . Tof] t b]lvof] .

) To;nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ vf]lhP h:tf] 5 † pgLx¿sf] cfkm\gf] k|of;af6 clegGbg u/fP/ b]vfP lg † ls of] k|fof]lht xf] <

eL8 /fhfsf] ;dy{gsf] cfwf/ x'g ;Sb}g . clegGbgdf cfkm\gf] b]zsf] gof" /fhf s:tf /x]5g\ eg]/ dfq dfG5]x¿ x]g{ cfPsf x'g\ . /fhfsf cf7}+ eQmx¿n] ;fdfGo hgtfsf] x]g]{ dfgl;stfdf efu lnPsf 5g\ . k|zf;lgs zlQm nufP/ ;fd–bfd, b08 ;a} k|of]u u/L tfdemfd u/L eL8 hf]8hfd ul/of] . a]nfotdf Ps hgfn] eg]sf lyP– æ/fhf sxf" nf]slk|o 5g\ < of] /fhf cfp"bf x'g] hgtfsf] eL8 dfq} xf] . To:tf] t lj1fkgdf b]vfOg] df]8n cfp"bf klg hgtfx¿ em'lDdG5g\ . s] To;nfO{ klg nf]slk|otf eGg ldN5 < nf]slk|otfsf] t dfkb08 x'G5 . t/, of] t dfkb08leq kb}{ kb}{g .Æ olb o:tf] ;f]r /flvof] eg] t unt x'G5 .

) /fhfsf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] 5 lg † slxn] lrofsf] lgDtf] lbg] xNnf, slxn] ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6sf] s'/f † slxn] Pp6f kf6L{sf dfG5]x¿nfO{ tLj|ultdf e]6 . s] /fhfnfO{ klg 56\k6fx6 rn]sf] xf] <

b/af/n] Pp6f–Pp6f gof" s'/f NofP/ dfG5]x¿nfO{ cNdNofpg] k'/fg} z}nLsf] k'g/fj[lQ u/]sf] xf] . ef/t;"usf] s'/f klg dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] /fhf cl3Nnf]rf]l6 ef/t hf"bf /fd|f] /]:kf]G; ePg, To;nfO{ cem} ;RofP/ gof" pknlAw, gof" ljZjf; ;[hgfsf] cfsf+Iff /fv]/ /fhfn] bf];|f]k6s wd{ jf tLy{sf] gfddf e|d0f u/] To;df klg /fhfn] ck]Iff u/]sf] s'/f k|fKt ePsf] a'le"mb}g . /fhfsf] rfxgf x'"bf] xf] ls cfkm"n] cjnDag u/]sf] ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kfOnfnfO{ lxGb':yfgn] k"0f{ ;dy{g lbof];\ cyjf c¿ /fi6«x¿n] ;dy{g lbpmg\ . t/, /fhfsf] Tof] OR5f k"/f ePsf] 5}g .

) g]kfnsf] k|hftGqsf] nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] vt/f b/afl/ofx¿sf] rnv]n g} xf] eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] < /fhtGq xf] ls b/afl/ofx¿ x'g\ ls /fhf cfkm}+ <

/fhtGqnfO{ Tolt k|xf/ ug]{ kIfdf d k'u]sf] 5}g . /fhtGqsf af/]df d]/f] cfkm\g} wf/0ff 5 . /fhtGqaf6 hlt;'s} xfdLdfly k|xf/ eP klg xfdLn] l/ofS;gdf /fhgLlt ug'{ x'"b}g . /fhtGqsf] pkof]lutf 5 . /fhg}lts pkof]lutf of] b]zsf] nflu 5 . /fhtGqn] cfkm\gf] ;Ddflgt 7fp"df a:g'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] ;'emfj xf] .

) tkfO{+x¿sf] cfbz{sf] /fhtGq rflx+ s] xf] <

/fhf, /fhf h:t} x'g'k¥of] . zf;g ug{sf nflu /fhgLlts bnx¿ 5g\ . ltgsf g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ hgtfn] r'g]/} k7fp"5g\ . /fhfn] ltgLx¿;"u k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ xf]Og, s;}sf] kIf–ljkIf lng] xf]Og . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] klg /fhfsf nflu dof{lbt :yfg agfOlbPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] cleefjssf ¿kdf, /fli6«o Pstfsf k|tLssf ¿kdf . /fhfn] ToxL dof{bf / ;Ldf sfod ug'{k5{ . clg dfq ljsf;df k|ult x'G5 . oxf"sf ;d:of x6\5g\ / b]z cufl8 a9\5 .

) /fi6«gfossf] ul/df /fhfn] ga'em]/ xf] < /fhf cfkm}+ /fhg}lts bnx¿;"u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ xf] jf ;d:of sxf"g]/ cfof] t <

/fhtGq Pp6f ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 eg] /fhf JolQmsf] ¿kdf . JolQm cg';f/ ;f]rljrf/, sfo{z}nL km/s x'G5 . JolQmsf dgf]bzfx¿n] klg w]/} sfd u5{g\ . ca jt{dfg dxf/fhflw/fh a9L dxTjfsf+IfL ePsf] h:tf] 5 . Tof] dxTjfsf+Iffn] klg /fh;+:yfnfO{ cl:y/ agfPsf] t 5 g} hgtfsf] ;Ldf cltqmd0f u/]sf] 5 . o;df b/afl/ofx¿sf] :jfy{n] ljz]if sfd u/]sf] 5 . ca /fhfnfO{ Pp6f yfGsf]df /fVg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] c8fg xf] .

) clxn]s} ;+j}wflgs k|lqmofdf b/afl/ofx¿nfO{ s;/L ;fOhdf /fVg ;lsG5 < ;a}eGbf a9L rnv]n ug]{ b/af/L k|zf;gnfO{ ;+;b\ ;/sf/cGtu{t NofP ;dfwfg x'G5 <

b/afl/ofx¿sf] rnv]nnfO{ hgtfn] g} ;Lldt ug'{k5{ . s]xL lgoGq0f ljlw–ljwfgaf6 klg ug{ ;lsG5 . h:tf], ;+ljwfgdf klg …;'wf/Ú eg]/ s]xL s'/fx¿ xfdLn] NofPsf 5f}+ . /fHo zlQmnfO{ 7Ls;"u Jojl:yt / kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG5 . hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ / /fHosf ;+oGqx¿dflysf kx'"r k|i6 kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG5 . ;]gf, /fhb/af/sf ljifox¿nfO{ clns kl/eflift ug{ ;lsof] eg] o:tf] v]n /f]lsG5 . cGoGq ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ePsf] 7fp"df cl:y/tf 5}g . hxf" ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ;xL cy{df 5 tL d'n'sx¿n] dfq k|ult ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ . o'/f]ksf ;fgf d'n'sx¿ a]nfot, hfkfg cflbsf] k|ult ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ;lxt klg ePsf] 5 .

/fh;+:yf g/xg] lalQs} /fi6« clws k|ultzLn x'G5 eGg] s'/f xf]Og . /fh;+:yf gePsf u0ftGqfTds d'n'seGbf /fh;+:yf ePs} d'n'sx¿ a9L k|ultzLn 5g\ . ToxL" a9L ;fdflhs Gofo 5 . ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ToxL" ePsf] 5 . Gofok"0f{ / ;dfgtfd"ns ;dfh a]nfot, hfkfg, :jL8]g, gj]{, 8]gdfs{df b]lvG5 . t/, cd]l/sfdf 5}g . o;n] klg /fh;+:yfsf] cfjZostf 5}g eGg ;lsGg . t/, dxTjfsf+Iff g} g]kfnsf] /fhtGqsf] :yfoL ;d:of ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf s]xL c:ki6tfsf cfwf/df Tof] af/Daf/ hfu[t x'g] u/]sf] 5 / To;sf] dof{bf b/af/af6 pn+3g x'g] u/]sf] 5 . /, o;nfO{ ;Ldfdf /fVgs} nflu cfGbf]ng ;+rfng x'g nfu]sf] 5 .

) b/af/ / c¿ /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿aLr ;fdGh:o ug{] s'g} ;+oGq, pkfo s]xL To:tf lgsfox¿ rflx+ x'"b}gg\ . s] cfGbf]ngn] lgwf{/0f ug]{ xf] < dWo:ytfdf s'g} pkfox¿ lyPgg\ <

dWo:ytfsf pkfox¿ lyP / gePsf klg xf]Ogg\ / To;nfO{ k|of]udf klg NofOPg . cem} klg ldNg] 7fp" 5 . cem} klg ;xdltsf ljGb'x¿ af"sL 5g\ . xfdL …KjfOG6 ckm gf] l/6g{Ú df k'lu;s]sf 5}gf}+ .

) To:tf :j¿k / ljsNk s] x'g ;SYof] ;xdltdf Nofpg] <

dxf/fhlw/fhn] lhDd]jf/ /fhg}lts bnx¿sf vf;u/L ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug{] bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs ¿kdf e]6L d]/f] s'/f of] xf], d of] ;+ljwfgsf] ;Ldf gf"£g rfxGg" . ljsf; rfxG5' . oxL ;+ljwfgnfO{ kl/dflh{t u/]/ cu|ufdL ;'wf/ ug]{ lbzfdf nfuf}+ . tkfO{+x¿ klg cfkm\gf] 7fp"af6 ;xL tj/n] nfUgf];\, d klg nfU5' eg]/ Ps} 7fp"df a:bf w]/} s'/fx¿ ldNg ;S5g\ . /fhfn] 5n{Ë / lgisk6 9Ën] eGg'k¥of] .

) eg]kl5 ‘an’ r}+ /fhfsf] sf]6{df 5 <

/fhfsf] sf]6{df 5 . ;a} ldn]/ hfp" . dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ klg /fhgLlts d"nwf/df ;dfj]z u/f}+ eGbf x'g;Sg] s'/f xf] . ;+;bLo k|hftGqdf g} g]kfn ;'vL /xg;S5 . casf] hdfgfdf /fhtGq /xg] eg]sf] ;+;b\s} cfwf/df xf] . ;+;bLo Joj:yfeGbf afx]ssf] /fhtGq ca rNb}g . of] s'/f dxf/fhflw/fhn] k|i6;"u a'em\g'kb{5 .

) /fhfsf] Wofg r}+ /fi6«sf] eljiodf hfg'kg]{ xf] ls /fHo ;+rfngdf <

/fhfsf] Wofg /fi6«sf] eljiodf hfg] xf] . /fHo;+rfng ug]{ sfd hgtfsf] xf] . hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt, hgtfsf] ;/sf/n] g} hgtfdfly zf;g ug]{ xf] . /fhf t ;a}sf ;femf . /fhfn] dof{lbt eP/ cleefjssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ h'g ;+ljwfgn] lbPs} 5 . To:tf] ubf{ u9a9L x'"b}g / k|hftGqnfO{ jfb u/]/ zflGtsf kIfdf sf]xL klg 5}gg\ . k|hftGqnfO{ lgif]w u/]/ sfod x'g] zflGt, zflGt g} xf]Og . o;n] l:y/tf lbg} ;Sb}g .

) /fhfsf], k|wfgdGqLsf] ;Gb]zx¿nfO{ x]¥of] eg] t ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k|fyldstf zflGt xf] . k|hftGq eg]sf] s]xL x}g h:tf] b]lvb}g lg †

zflGt / cl:y/tfsf] gfddf ljut kf"r bzsb]lv lg/Gt/ k|hftGqdfly k|xf/ x'"b} cfPsf] 5 . @)!& ;fndf k|hftGqsf] unf lgdf]7\bf klg /fhf dx]Gb|n] oxL ts{ lbPsf lyP . zflGt / cl:y/tfsf] gfddf NofPsf] k~rfotn] g /fi6«nfO{ l:y/tf lbg ;Sof], g zflGt g} . o;n] /fi6«nfO{ ;Dj[l4 klg lbg ;s]g . @)$^ ;fndf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'gM:yfkgf ePkl5 /fi6«nfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ k|s[of cufl8 a9\of] . To;df hgtfsf] pT;fxk"0f{ ;xeflutf /x\of] . lzIff, :jf:Yo, l;+rfO, vfg]kfgL, ;8s / ;+rf/sf] ;'ljwf lng hgtf cfkm}+ cu|;/ eP . k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ;f"Rr} ck"j{ 9+un] sfd eof] . ufp"x¿af6 ljsf;nfO{ p7fpg] /fd|f] ;'¿jft eof] . /fhgLlts k|lt:kwf{ / k|lta4tfsf sf/0f lj/f]wsf :j/x¿ p7] klg xfdL ;xL af6f]df lyof}+ eGg] s'/f cfh x/]s If]qsf] t'ngfTds k|ltj]bg / tYofÍx¿n] k|dfl0ft u/]sf 5g\ . rfx] Tof] hflt–hghfltx¿sf] efiff, ;+:s[ltsf s'/fx¿ x'g rfx] pk]lIft ju{ / dlxnfx¿sf s'/f x'g\ cyjf ufp"df a:g] dflg;x¿sf] If]qdf k"jf{wf/ k'¥ofP/ ltgLx¿sf] c;'ljwfnfO{ sd ug]{ s'/f xf];\ of] ;a} /fd|f] ;'¿jft b]zdf ePsf] lyof] . )%! sf] dWofjlw r'gfj k5fl8 /fhgLltdf cl:y/tf NofOPs} xf] / To;df v]n v]lnPs} xf] . ljefhg u/fpg], kf6L{leq ljb|f]x u/fpg] sf]l;; ePs} xf] / To;kl5 dfcf]jfbL eGg] h'g tTj cfof] To;n] lgsf;nfO{ t eTsfPs} xf] lg . xfdLn] gagfPsf] eP ltgn] eTsfpg sxf"af6 kfp"y] < xfdLn] agfPsf lyof} pgLx¿n] eTsfpg] 7fp" kfP . pgLx¿n] eTsfPsf s'/fnfO{ klg xfdLx¿n] gu/]sf] eGg] < of] eTsfpg if8\oGq s;–s;n] ldn]/ u/]sf 5g\ < vf]hL t To;sf] x'g'kb{5 . of] ax'bnLo Joj:yfn] pknlAw xf"l;n ug{ ;s]g, of] km]n eof] eg]/ dfcf]jfbL / b/af/jfbLx¿ ldn]/ Ps :j/ ldnfP/ af]Nb}5g\ . To;}leqsf] lgotdfly klg z+sf ug]{ k|z:t 7fp" 5 . logLx¿ /fi6«sf k|ultsf afwsx¿ x'g\ .

) clxn] x]bf{ afx| jif{df h'g 9+un] ;Qf kl/jt{gsf v]nx¿ eP To;df oL b'O{j6} zlQmx¿sf] xft /x]sf] b]lvG5 <

k|hftGqnfO{ c;kmn agfpg] s'/fdf t pgLx¿ Ps} 7fp"df b]lvP . of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ kmfNg] s'/fdf b'j} y/Lsf] arg / sd{ ldn]sf] b]lvof] . hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{cg'¿k lgldQ ;+ljwfgnfO{ lg:s[o u/fpg] b'j} y/Lsf] clei6 b]lvof] . jf:tjdf of] ;+ljwfg Nofpg] tof/Lb]lv 3f]if0ff ug]{ lbg;Ddsf ultljlwnfO{ lgofNbf klg b'j} y/L o;sf l;nl;nfdf lqmofzLn ePsf] k'li6 x'G5 . b/af/n] klg of] ;+ljwfgleq cfkm"nfO{ ;Lldt /fVg grfx]sf] s'/f Toltv]/} b]lv cleJoQm ePs} xf] . b'O{j6} tTjn] of] ;+ljwfgdfly s'–b[li6 /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . o;n] ubf{ sfo{ut Pstf lg/Gt/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . clxn] :jefljs ¿kdf ToxLg]/ k|Zg p7\g uPsf] 5 .

) k|hftGqnfO{ c;kmn agfpgdf ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿sf] c;Ifdtf, k|efjsfl/tf, cg'ejxLgtf ;a} s'/fn] sfd u¥of] xf]nf . t/, Tof]eGbf a9L r}+ hf]/ zlQmsf] k|xf/n] sfd u/]sf] xf] <

/fhgLlt a9f] s'l6ntfsf] lrh /x]5 . ca /fhgLltleq l5k]sf s'l6ntf, :jfy{k]|l/t lgotx¿n] hgtfnfO{ lg/Lx agfpg] v]nx¿leq l;+uf] /fi6« cNdNofP/ cfkm\gf] :jfy{ l;4 ug]{, ;Qf lng], nDAofpg] lts8d afhL / hfnem]n kf}/fl0fs sfnb]lv rlncfPsf] xf] .

k|hftGq cfPkl5 oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ km\of"s]/ /fhgLltnfO{ Pp6f kf/bzL{ af6f]af6 cufl8 nlug'kg]{ xf] . o:tf v]ndf gcNemL Pp6f v'Nnf :j¿k k|lt:kwf{df ;[hgzLntfaf6 /fhgLlt u'lh|g'kg]{ xf], k|hftGqsf] o'u cfPkl5 . t/ klg g]kfndf k''/ftg zlQmsf] pkl:yltn] of] /fhgLltdf kf/blz{tf / :jR5tfnfO{ cem} klg cj;/ lbPsf] 5}g . cem} klg To;df wldnf]kgf af"sL 5 . To;df /fhgLlts g]tfx¿sf] b"/bzL{tfsf] sdL Pp6f sf/0f xf]nf . b"/bzL{ g]tfn] ;a}lt/ ljrf/ k'¥ofp"bf o:tf if8\oGqsf v]nx¿ tyf k|of;x¿af6 b]znfO{ hf]ufpg ;S5 . cfjZos ;ts{tf ckgfpg ;S5 . t/, k|ltudgsf/Lx¿ klg s'l6n x'G5g\ . ltgn] aL=kL= h:tf] g]tfnfO{ klg ckb:t u/fP . aL=kL= nfO{ lsg kmflnof] < aL=kL=sf] Tof] ;/sf/n] !* dlxgfsf] ;dodf hlt /fd|f] sfd u¥of], Tolt sfd g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df c¿ s'g} ;/sf/n] slxNo} u/]sf] 5}g . o;/L x]bf{ zf;gdf b/af/sf] hlxn] klg dxTjfsf+Iff /x]sf] b]lvG5 . b/af/ g} cl:y/tfsf] sf/s tTj b]lvPsf] 5 . b/af/, ef/bf/ / cf;]kf;]x¿sf] dxTjfsf+Iffn] /fi6«sf] /fhgLltnfO{ cl:y/ agfpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .

) of] cfGbf]ngsf] :j¿k lx+;fTds x'G5 ls clx+;fTds x'G5 < ;x/df s]lGb|t x'g] xf] ls ufp"df s]lGb|t x'g] xf] ls s;/L a9\5 of] bf}/f ;'¿jfn l;nfP/ ;'¿ u/]sf] cfGbf]ng <

d /fhfn] agfP/ k|wfgdGqL, dGqL aGg] dfG5] xf]Og . d hgtfsf] dGqL aGg] xf] . To;sf/0f Pp6f lglZrt l;4fGtsf nflu cfGbf]ng x'G5, x'g'k5{ . cfGbf]ng ug]{ nIo k|i6 x'g'k5{ . ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'k¥of] . /fhfk|lt pQ/bfoL eP/ b]z ljsf; x'"b}g . To;sf lgldQ ;a} OdfGbf/L x'g'k¥of] . lau|]sf] jftfj/0f, u/]sf] uNtL ;a}af6 ;'wf/ x'g'k¥of] . unt af6f]tkm{ lsg nluof] < r'gfj x'g ;Sb}g eGbfeGb} lsg lj36g ul/of] < lj36gkl5 klg k'gM:yfkgf ug'{k5{ eGbf lsg k]n]/ nUg vf]lhG5 < ^ dlxgfleq r'gfj x'g g;s]kl5 k'/fgf] hgfb]zn] dfGotf kfpg' l;jfo csf]{ s] pkfo 5 < cbfntn] klg t ^ dlxgfeGbf a9L lgjf{rg gu/] klg lj36g ug{ kfOG5 eg]/ sxf" eg]sf] 5 < cbfntn] lgjf{rg} gx'g] u/L ;+;b\ lj36g ug{ kfOG5 eg]sf] t xf]Og lg < sflt{s @& ut] r'gfj x'G5 eg]/ dfq cbfntn] gof" hgfb]z lngsf nflu k|wfgdGqLnfO{ r'gfj u/fpg] :jLs[lt lbPsf] xf] . gof" hgfb]z glngsf nflu sxf" :jLs[lt lbPsf] 5 / cbfntn] < To;n] ubf{ gof" hgfb]z gcfpGh]n k'/fgf] hgfb]zn] dfGotf kfpg'k5{ eGg] olt ;/n s'/fnfO{ hfnem]n ug]{x¿n] a'em krfP/ b]zsf] /fhgLltnfO{ cGof]nu|:y kfl/lbPsf 5g\ .

) cbfntsf] cfb]znfO{ aª\UofOPsf] xf] <

cbfntsf] cfb]znfO{ lglxt :jfy{ cg';f/ unt JofVof u/L lghL :jfy{df k|of]u ul/of] .

) Ps y/L dflg;x¿sf] o:tf] aGb's af]Sg] zlQmx¿n] cfGbf]ng u/]sf a]nfdf To;nfO{ ;d]t zflGtk"0f{ k|lqmofdf NofPsf] a]nfdf Pp6f 3'sL{sf] cfGbf]ngsf] e/df /fhf ge'mSg] ts{ ub{5g\ <

o:tf] jftf{ klxnf z]/axfb'/sf] kfnfdf klg ePs} xf] . j}zfv @& ut] 6'"l8v]nsf] cfd;efaf6} ug]{ s'/f ;fj{hlgs u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbL;"u ;Nnfx eP/ ;+;b\sf] dfWodaf6 ;d:of ;dfwfg jftf{ ug{ nfu]sf] a]nf ;+;b\ lj36gsf] if8\oGq ug]{ sf] xf] < lj36gsf] v]n ug{ lsg nufOof] < jftf{ ug{ nfu]sf] a]nfdf eg]/ xfdLn] u'd]sf] clwsf/ lkmtf{ ug{ u/]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ckh; lbg kfOG5 < c;f]h @ ut]b]lv o'4lj/fd u/L jftf{df hfg] ;xdlt klg ePsf] lyof] . Tof] yfxf kfpg] lalQs} lsg !* ut] c;+j}wflgs sbd cfof] < To;sf/0fn] jftf{ x'g' g} s'g} 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g' 7"nf] s'/f xf] . l:y/tf, :yfoL zflGtsf nflu ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f s] xf] < logLx¿n] xfdLn] zflGt agfof}+ eGg'df s'g} t's 5}g . k|wfgdGqLn] em"6f] bfaL ul//xg' ePsf] 5 .

) b'O{ y/L aGb's af]Sg]x¿ xTof ug]{ cfGbf]ngaf6 zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf cfPsf 5g\ . ca tkfO{+x¿af6 ug]{ clx+;fTds cfGbf]ngaf6 s;/L pgLx¿sf] dg 5'G5 <

) clx+;fTds cfGbf]ngn] b'j} y/LnfO{ k|]l/t u5{ . o;n] hgtfx¿ s] rfxG5g\ eGg] b]vfp"5 . hgtf g} lg0ff{os x'g\ . aGb's lg0ff{os xf]Og, aGb's lg0ff{os x'g] xf] eg] ;+;f/df k|hftflGqs o'u g} cfpg] lyPg . lsgls aGb's hlxn] klg ;Qfwf/L;"u x'G5 / /xG5 . To;sf/0f lg0ff{os eg]sf] / clGtd l6sfp hgtf g} x'g\ . xfd|f] rfxgf of] xf] eg]/ hgtfn] cfkm\gf] rfxgf JoQm u/]kl5 xfdL k|hftGqsf] af6f]af6 ljrlnt x'g rfxb}+gf}+ . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts of] dfGotfdf b]z cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eg]/ hgtfn] JoQm u/]kl5 ToxL laGb'df ;a} cfpg'k5{ . dfcf]jfbLx¿ klg To;df cfpg afWo x'G5g\ . b/af/ klg afWo x'G5 . jftf{df dWo:ytfsf] e"ldsf] lgjf{x u5{ cfGbf]ngn] .

) cfGbf]ng slt ;do hfg ;S5 <

of] cfGbf]ng v]tLkftLsf] cfpg] l;hgeGbf cufl8;Dd klg hfg;S5 / k5fl8;Dd klg . /, of] a9\b} hfG5 .

) :yfgLo lgsfo sAhf ug]{ elgPsf] 5, Tof] sAhf ug]{ eg]sf] s] xf] < ufp"ufp" klg p7\5 ca cfGbf]ngdf <

k|hftGq eg]sf] hgtfåf/f r'lgg] hgk|ltlglwsf] zf;g Joj:yf xf] . hgtfsf] clwsf/, hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}lds ;Qfsf] cleJolQm, ltgsf k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfsf dfWodx¿af6 dfq x'G5 . ufp" ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;+;b\ h:tf ;+:yfx¿dfkm{t\ hgtfsf] OR5f, hgtfsf] zf;g, hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] cleJolQm x'g] xf] . t/, clxn] ;a} ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lj36g u/fOPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f ltgsf] cl:tTjsf sf/0fn] ubf{ of] cfGbf]ng ufp"–j8faf6 p7f];\, lhNnf–lhNnfaf6 p7f];\ of] @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngeGbf k[ys xf];\ eg]/ ul/Psf] xf] . of] cfGbf]ngn] cfd hgtfnfO{ ;d]6\5 . @)$^ ;fndf cfGbf]ng ;x/df dfq s]lGb|t lyof], t/ ca of] ufp"ufp"df k'U5, ufp"sf j8faf6 ;'¿ x'G5 . ;Lldtju{sf] dfq /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf geO{ ;fdfGo dflg;sf] klg ;xeflutf x'g]5 .

) oL cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿nfO{ km'6fpg] hf]lvd÷vt/f slQsf] 5 <

cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿nfO{ km'6fpg] v]n eO g} /fv]sf 5g\ . of] x'g' klg :jefljs xf] . yf]/} dflg;x¿sf] aLrdf /fhgLlt ;Lldt /x"bf w]/} v]nx¿ v]lng ;S5g\ . slt v]nx¿ ;kmn klg x'g ;S5g\ . To;}n] /fhgLltnfO{ hlt ;Sof] cfd hgtfsf] dfemdf n}hfg] sf]l;; x'g'k5{ . /fhgLltnfO{ Jofks kfg'{k5{ . Jofks ¿kdf cfGbf]ng ufp"ufp" k'lu;s]kl5 sf]xL g]tf lslgp"g\, dGqL ag"g\ s]xL km/s kb}{g . cfGbf]ngn] cfkm\gf] ¿k lnG5 . hgtf cufl8 cfO;s]kl5 km}nb}+ hfG5 .

) clxn] cfGbf]ng ug]{ a]nf x}g eg]/ afx\o b]zsf] bafa cfpg yfn]sf] xf] <

afx\o zlQmx¿ klg k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] ljkIfdf 5g\ eGg ;lsGg . k|hftflGqs zlQmx¿ k|hftflGqs ljZjsf k|d'v /fi6«x¿n] k|hftGq afx]ssf] zflGt rfx]sf] xf]Og . pgLx¿nfO{ g]kfndf zflGt xf];\ eGg] z'elrGtf xf]nf . t/, k|hftGqsf] d"Nodf cl:y/tf cfPsf] b]Vg / ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5 ls k|hftGq afx]s zflGtsf] af6f] c¿ 5"b} 5}g . To;n] ubf{ pgLx¿n] bjfj lbPsf 5}gg\ . olb bjfj ePdf klg xfdL cfkm\gf] s'/f k|i6 /fVg] 5f}+ .

) ;+;b\ k'g:yf{kgfsf] k|lqmof /fhfn] 3f]if0ff ug]{ lalQs} x'G5 < ls k|wfgdGqLn] ug'{k5{ < ;+;b\ lj3l6t eP klg ;efd'v / pk;efd'v ;+;b\df hLljt 5g\ lg <

b'O{ hgf dflg; x'g] lalQs} ;+;b\sf] k|ltlglwTj x'"b}g . ;+;bLo dd{ cg'¿ksf] s'/f xf]Og . k|lqmof ;/n 5, wf/f !@& sf] JofVof ;/sf/n], dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug]{ xf] . afwf c8\sfp km'sfp eg]sf] JofVof dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug'{kg{] xf] . ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} bkmf lqmofzLn x'g afwf cj/f]w k¥of] eg] Tof] afwf km'sfpgsf nflu wf/f !@& sf] Joj:yf ePsf] xf] . t/, afwf km'sfpgsf nflu /flvPsf] wf/f !@& nfO{ afwf c8\sfp kfg{ k|of]u ul/of] .

To;n] ubf{ s'/f ;'Nem\ofpg ;lsG5 . clxn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^ b]lv lnP/ wf/f %# sf] $ sf bkmfx¿ lgis[o cj:yfdf /xg afWo ePsf 5g\ . To;nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ !@& pkof]u ug]{ xf] eg] ;d:of ;'N6G5 . oL lgis[o ePsf wf/fx¿ ;+;bLo kf6L{sf nflu klg ;+;b\ k'gM:yfkgf ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . /fhfnfO{ ;bg af]nfpg] clwsf/ lbOPsf] 5 .

) of] cfGbf]ng s;/L 6'l·G5 <

hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngn] /fi6« Pp6f dfGotfdf k'U5 . ToxL d"No / dfGotfdf bf]xf]l/g' k¥of] . /, ;a} To;df g} af"lwg'k5{ . kl/eflift Pp6f k4lt b]zdf a;fNg'k¥of] . hgtfn] To;nfO{ dfGotf lbPkl5 Tof] 6'+luG5, l:y/tf x'G5 .

) dfcf]jfbLx¿;"usf] h'g zflGt jftf{ 5 o;nfO{ klg s'g} kl/0ffddf t k'¥ofpg'k¥of] lg † o;nfO{ kl/0ffddf k'¥ofpg tkfO{+x¿ tyf cGo ;+;bLo bnsf] s] e"ldsf x'G5 <

dfcf]jfbL /fhflt/ hfpmg\, pgLx¿ xfdLlt/ cfpmg\ oL b'j} s'/f xfdLx¿n] rfx]sf 5}gf}+ . xfdLx¿n] rfx]sf] t dfcf]jfbLx¿ b]z / hgtfsf] rfxgf cg';f/ lx"8"g\ eGg] xf] . hgtf ;fj{ef}d eP/ 8/ qf;af6 d'Qm eO{ :jtGq af"Rg rfxG5g\ . To;sf] ;Ddfg dfcf]jfbLn] ug'{k¥of], cft+sjfb, cft+s 5f]8\g'k¥of] dfcf]jfbLn] xltof/ la;fpg'k¥of] . hgtfn] cfkm\gf] lg0f{o cfkm}+ u5{g\ lg † cfly{s, ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] 7]Ssf afa'/fd / k|r08sf] dfq} xf] . hgtfn] cfkm}+ kl/jt{g ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] kl/jt{g s;/L cfof] < oqf ljw]osx¿ ag] . hghflt, blnt dlxnf oqf ;+:yfx¿ ag]sf 5g\ . hghfltefiffsf] pTyfg ePsf] 5 . k|fylds lzIffsf] ;'¿jft ePsf] 5 . oL ;a} sfd k|hftGqaf6 g} ;Dej ePsf] a]nfdf lsg qmflGt ug]{, hgtfnfO{ t;f{pg], bafpg], lsg <

) olb jftf{ eP/ r'gfj 3f]if0ff ePdf dfcf]jfbLn] aGb's ga'emfPsf] cj:yfdf sf+u|]; r'gfjnfO{ :jLsfg{ tof/ 5 <

dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] aGb's yfGsf] nfUg'k5{, ;Gqf; x'g' x'"b}g . r'gfj x'gsf nflu eo/lxt jftfj/0f ;[hgf x'g'k5{ . cfwf/e"t ;t{x¿ k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

klxnf] kfgf | :yflgo ;dfrf/ | ;Dkfblso | dgf]/~hg | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f |