sf7df08f}+, a}zfv @! @)^)

klxnf] kfgf

;+;b\jfbLx¿ /fhflj/f]wL ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf
b/af/ c´} if8\oGqdf, ;DklQ k|ltj]bg b/af/sf] t/jf/

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . clwsf/ ;DkGg ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] u7g of k|ltlglw;efsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] Go"gtd dfu /fvL lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ kf"r bnx¿n] cfhaf6 ljlwjt\ ¿kdf /fhflj/f]wL ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng cf/De ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -PsLs[t dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbL_ ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfn, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL ;d"x_ ;xefuL x'g] of] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff cfh lbp;f] sf7df8f}"df x'g] ljzfn hgk|bz{gkl5 v'nfd~rsf] cfd;efaf6 ul/g] 5 . pQm cfd;efnfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf clds z]/rg, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5] -/f]lxt_ / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL ;d"x_ sf pkfWoIf ljdn ofbjn] ;Daf]wg ug'{x'g]5 .

Jofks ;xeflutfsf] bfaL

@)%( c;f]h @* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffdfkm{t\ cgflws[t ¿kdf ckx/0f ul/Psf] hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / ;/sf/sf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ lkmtf{ u/L /fhfnfO{ …;fOhÚ df /fVgsf nflu cf/De x'g] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf kf6L{x¿n] hLp Hofg 5f]8]/ dflg; h'6fpg] ePsf 5g\ . /fhf;"u l;w} 6s/fj ePsf] / /fhfsf ljZjf; kfq b/afl/ofx¿n] kf6L{x¿sf k5fl8 hgtf 5}gg\ eGg] cf/f]k nufpg] u/]sfn] klg kf6L{x¿ cfkm\gf] zlQm k|bz{g ug{ afWo ePsf x'g\ . g]skf Pdfn]sf dxf;lrjn] t casf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ kf6L{x¿sf] hLjg–d/0fsf] ;jfn;"u cfa4 ul/lbg'ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ kf6L{x¿n] ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xx¿df Jofks hg;xeflutf h'6fpg ;s], cfkm\gf lj/f]w sfo{qmdx¿df Jofks hg kl/rfng ug{ ;s] eg] /fhf afWo eP/ kf6L{x¿sf] z/0fdf cfpg'k5{ geP dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sfvL Rofk]/, /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{nfO{ 6fpsf]df r9fP/ lx"8\g] ;'/ 5fl8g] 5}g .

g]kfnL sf+u|];n] t of] cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fhf;"u ljut %@ jif{b]lv x'"b} cfPsf] zlQmsf] l5gf–emD6Lsf] cGTo ug]{ lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ug{ vf]]h]sf] 5 . o;}n] sf+u|]; bL3{sfnLg cfGbf]ngsf] nflu tof/ ePsf] 5 . Ps b'O{ cfd;efsf e/df /fhfn] s'g} ;bf;otf b]vfpg] cfzf sf+u|];nfO{ 5}g . sf+u|]; ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] c;f]h !* kl5 lhNnflhNnf 3'Db} hgtfsf] clwsf/ /fhfaf6 cltqmd0f ePsf]n] To;nfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g cfx\jfg ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 .

d'n'ssf b'O{ 7"nf oL /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfkm\gf ;a} e|ft[ ;+u7gx¿nfO{ klg kl/rfng u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} cGo ;xof]uL bnx¿n] klg . o;}n] cfhsf] lj/f]w k|bz{g / cfd;ef @)$^ ;fndf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] 3f]if0ff ePkl5 r}q @& ut] ePsf] pkl:ylt ;dfg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;ef cfGbf]ngsf/L sf+u|]; / jfddf]rf{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{, ;dy{s / z'e]R5'sx¿n] vrfvr lyof] . Toxf" 5'6]sf] eg]sf] To;sf] lj¿4df /x]sf k~rx¿ / Tof] 3f]if0ff;"u c;xdt ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ;ldlt lyof], hf] clxn] klg jftf{sf] gfddf ;QfkIf / ljb|f]xLsf] ¿kdf Pp6} 6]a'ndf pkl:yt 5g\ . b'j} y/Ln] of] cfGbf]ngnfO{ zflGt layf]Ng] / jftf{ layf]Ng] cfGbf]ng eg]/ cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .

b/afl/ofx¿n] /fhfsf] clegGbg / dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ha/h:tL e]nf u/fPsf] pkl:yltnfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] hgfwf/ ;jn ePsf] / ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿sf] sdhf]/ /x]sf] cf/f]k nufpg] u/]sf]n] klg cfhsf] cfd;efnfO{ kf6L{x¿n] cfkm\gf] k|lti7fsf] ljifo agfPsf 5g\ . o;}n] cfh 6'"l8v]ndf @)$^ ;fn r}q @& ut] h:t} tLg} ;x/ plN6g] ;Defjgf 5 .

cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ Pdfn]n] afuahf/sf] d'v /Tgkfs{af6, g]kfnL sf+u|];n] zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] ejgg]/af6, ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfnn] ;'Gwf/faf6, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{n] dfOtL3/af6 / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{n] eb|sfnLaf6 h'n'; lgsfNg] 5g\ .

b/afl/ofx¿ cem} bfpk]rdf

;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ k5fl8 /x]sf] zlQmnfO{ b/afl/ofx¿n] cem} cf"sng ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ cem} klg ;+;b\jfbL g]tfx¿nfO{ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kaf6} tx nufpg ;lsg] ljZjf; af]s]/ lx"l8/x]sf 5g\ . bnx¿n] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng k|f/De x'g] ldlt to u/]kl5 To;sf] tLglbg cufl8 -ut ljxLaf/_ dfq >L % sf] ;/sf/n] pRr:t/Lo ;DklQ hf"ra'em Goflos cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf nflu clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u k7fPsf] 5 . clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] Ifdtf slt 5 / sfo{z}nL s] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] hjfkm cfof]u cfkm}+n] w]/} jif{ cufl8b]lv lbb}+ klg cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf]k6s /fhZj ;d"xsf sd{rf/Llj¿4 rnfPsf] d'2f / yknfO{ sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg g;Sg', e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf lr/~hLjL jfUn], v'daxfb'/ v8\sf, h]=kL= u'KtfnfO{ ul/Psf] sf/afxL / /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL, ljhos'df/ uR5]bf/nufot /fk|kfsf g]tfx¿nfO{ lbOPsf ceobfg cflbn] k|i6 kf/]sf 5g\ .

b/af/sf] Ozf/f / OR5f cg';f/ rNg] / af]Ng] JolQmn] h] klg dfkm kfpg] t/ sf+u|]; / Pdfn]df nfUg]nfO{ sf/afxL u/fpg] cfof]usf] lgot x]bf{ ;DklQ cfof]u /fhgLlts k|ltzf]wsf] efjgfn] k|]l/t eP/ sfof{Gjog x'g] 5}g egL 9'Ss x'g] cj:yf x'"b}g . ljhos'df/ uR5]bf/, /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL h:tf dfG5]x¿sf] ghL/ b]vfP/ b/af/ g]tfx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts ultljlw TofUg cfu|x ul//x]sf] 5 .

olb kf6L{x¿sf] cfGbf]ng ;zQm x'g;s]g, s]xL lbg, dlxgfleq} b]zdf cf"wLa]x/L Nofpg ;s]g eg] b/afl/ofx¿n] dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{ ;DkGg u/L r'gfj 3f]if0ff ug{ a]/ dfGg] 5}gg\ . h;df e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]k nfu]sfnfO{ r'gfjdf p7\g gkfpg] u/L cfrf/;+lxtf aGg klg ;S5 . t/, sf+u|];–Pdfn]sf] hf]/ k'Ug] xf] eg] ltgn] xTof / n'6kf6df ;+nUg dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lbOg] 5'6sf] s'/f p7fP/ cfkm"nfO{ rf]Vofpg kfpg] 5g\ . k|ltlglw;efsf] lj36g, c;f]h !* / @% sf] 36gf, dfcf]jfbL;"usf] o'4lj/fd / jftf{, tLy{sf] gfddf ul/Psf] ef/tsf] e|d0f / /fk|kfsf g]tfx¿;"u dfq ePsf] b|'t ultsf] Jofks e]63f6nfO{ lgofNbf >L %, g]kfnL sf+u|]; of Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ agfP/ b]zsf] ;d:of ;'Nem\ofPsf] h; ltgnfO{ lbg] kIfdf /x]sf] b]lvb}g o;}n] cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf nflu ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfsf] lgj]bg x}g, k|ToIf d'7e]8 g} lg0ff{os x'g] b]lvG5 .

ca /fli6«o;ef klg n¨8f]

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] :yfoL ;bgsf] ¿kdf Joj:yf u/]sf] /fli6«o ;efsf @) hgf ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw cfpg] c;f/ !@ ut] ;dfKt x'g] ePkl5 pQm ;ef klg nË8f] x'g] ePsf] 5 . ^) ;b:oLo /fli6«o ;efdf To;kl5 ca #( hgf ;b:ox¿ dfq af"sL x'g]5g\ . >L % af6 dgf]gLt ;f+;b\ bLKtk|sfz zfxn] b/afl/ofx¿sf] bfpk]rdf k/]/ /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 /fli6«o;efdf %( hgf ;f+;b\x¿ dfq 5g\ . afx| ut] kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g]x¿df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;ft hgf, Pdfn]af6 ^ hgf, /fk|kfaf6 tLg hgf, dgf]gLt tLg hgf / dfn]af6 Ps hgf /x]sf 5g\ . h;df dfggLo cOGb|ljqmd yfS;'xfª, c/laGbs'df/ 7fs'/, czf]sgfy ltjf/L, s'dnaxfb'/ 3n], >LdtL uf]df b]jsf]6f, >LdtL uf}/L sf]O/fnf, u+ufbQ hf]zL, rGbf zfx, huGgfy kf}8]n, hgfb{g cfrfo{, b]j/fh l3ld/], b]j]Gb| l3ld/], afnf/fd 3tL{du/, lah'ns'df/ ljZjsdf{, 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;g, o'j/fh 1jfnL, /jLGb| >]i7, 8f= /fdgfy >]i7, z'qm/fh ;+of]u / ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf08] /x]sf 5g\ .

/fli6«o ;efsf Ps ltxfO{ ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw k|To]s b'O{jif{df ;dfKt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] kbk"lt{sf nflu @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgn] lqkIfLo /fhf, ;+;b\ / :yfgLo lgsfosf] ¿kaf6 kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . t/, pQm Joj:yfsf b'O{ kIf eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf e+u ePsfn] ca /fli6«o ;efdf k|ltlglw;ef / :yfgLo lgsfosf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj u/L cfpg] ;f+;b\ ;b:ox¿sf] ;+Vof gylkg] cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] xf] . k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf gu/]sf] v08df sflt{s cufl8 g} g ;+;bLo lgjf{rg ;Dej 5 g :yfgLo lgsfosf] g} . To;}n] o;k6s /fhfn] lgo'lQm ug]{ afx]s c¿ ;f+;b\ /fli6«o;efdf gylkg] ePsf 5g\ .

;+ljwfgtM /fli6«o ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] u7g >L % af6 /fli6«o hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿dWo]af6 !) hgf dgf]gLt x'g] 5g\ eg] k|ltlglw;efaf6 ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] l;4fGt adf]lhd Psn ;+qmd0fsfnLg dtsf] cfwf/df tLghgf dlxnf ;d]t #% hgf lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ . To:t} k|To]s ljsf; If]qsf ufp" / gu/sf :yfgLo lgsfosf k|d'v / pkk|d'v tyf lhNnfsf :yfgLo lgsfosf k|d'v, pkk|d'v / ;b:ox¿ dtbftf ePsf] lgjf{rg d08nåf/f tt\tt\ ljsf; If]qaf6 tLg hgfsf] b/n] Psn ;+qmd0fLo dtsf] cfwf/df kGw| hgf ;b:ox¿ lgjf{lrt x'g] Joj:yf 5 .

k|ltlglw;efsf] r'gfj / :yfgLo lgsfosf] r'gfjsf] ldlt ;d]t gtf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf /fli6«o ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 ca tL kb k"lt{ x'gsf nflu lgs} ;do s'g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . t/ >L % af6 dgf]gLt x'g] ;f+;b\x¿ afx]s . clxn] >L % af6 ! hgf ;f+;b\ dgf]gLt x'g af"sL g} /x]sf] 5 eg] cfiff9;Dd o;sf] ;+Vof afx|af6 $ hgf /xg] ePsf] 5 . oL rf/ hgf dgf]gLt x'g]x¿sf] xsdf eg] ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 gk/]sf] x'"bf /fhfn] dgf]gLt ug{;Sg] ;Defjgf rflx+ hLljt /x]sf] 5 . )^@ df sf+u|];sf * hgf, Pdfn]sf ( hgf / dgf]gLt # hgfsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g]5 eg] )^$ df sf+u|];sf &, Pdfn]sf *, dgf]gLt # / /fk|kfsf ! hgfsf] kbfjlw ;lsg] 5 .

ptf cWoIf 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;gsf] kbfjlw klg !@ ut] ;dfKt x'g] ePkl5 cWoIfsf] 5gf]6 s;/L x'g] xf] s;}nfO{ clxn];Dd yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5}g . k|ltlglw;ef gePsf] a]nfdf d'n'sdf ;+s6sfn nfu" u/]kl5 cg'df]bg ug{sf nflu tyf cGo dxTjk"0f{ sbd rfNg' k/]df /fli6«o ;efsf] a}7s cWoIfsf] l;kmfl/;df /fhfaf6 af]nfOaS;g] Joj:yf 5 .

h+un, cfGbf]ng / jftf{ ;a} lsQf c;'/lIft
dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf ;fd' r/d /fhgLlts ;+s6

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

v h;;"u ;Qf / ;]gf x'G5 jftf{ p;};"u x'G5 .

v ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x¿;"u jftf{ / o'4lj/fdsf] s'/f u/]/ ;d:ofsf] lgsf; x'g ;Sb}g .

v b'O{ ;]gf, b'O{ ljrf/sf] of] n8fO"df cfkm\gf] lsQf stfkl§sf] eg]/ 5'6\ofpg xfd|f ;+;b\jfbLx¿n] l56f] lg0f{o ug}{k5{ .

df3 !% ut] o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿nfO{ lbg] pkb]zn] clxn] pgLx¿nfO{ g} lh:Sofpg yfn]sf] 5 . ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿nfO{ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf hgtfaf6 lt/:s[t u/fPsf] a]nf, /fhfnfO{ sf"w yfKg]x¿ /fhf;"u kf}7]hf]/L v]Ng pBt ePsf a]nf sdhf]/ /fhf;"u ;Demf}tf ubf{ ;Qfsf] ks8 cfkm\gf] xftdf cfp"5 eGg] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf"sng ;f9] tLg dlxgf gk'Ub} e|d ;fljt x'gk'u]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ clxn] r/d /fhgLlts ;+s6df 5g\ . g pgLx¿ h+un kms{g ;S5g\, g ;Dk"0f{ zlQmsf ;fy zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf cfpg ;S5g\, g jftf{df u/]sf] s'g} ;Demf}tfn] t'¿Gt} s]xL bL3{sfnLg nfe lbg] cj:yf 5 .

ljZjsf] ;j{zlQmdfg dflgPsf] cd]l/sfn] g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] ;"lrdf xfn]kl5 dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] h+un wDsL Ps}k6s lgis[o x'gk'u]sf] 5 . cft+ssf/Lsf] ;"lrdf xfn]kl5 olb dfcf]jfbLn] To:tf lqmofsnfksf] k'g/fj[lQ u/] eg] cd]l/sfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLlj¿4 sf/afxL ug{ cfpg s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb} ;Sb}g . o;} klg cd]l/sL b"tfjf;df sfo{/t b'O{ hgf sd{rf/Lsf] xTofsf] /x:o kQf nfu]sf] 5}g / ;z:q k|x/Lansf tTsfnLg dxflg/LIfs s[i0fdf]xg >]i7 ;lxt pxf"sL wd{kTgL g'8'k >]7 hf] cd]l/sL Joj:yfkgdf /x]sf] ln+sg :s'ndf k9fpg'x'Yof], pxf"sf] xTof u/]sf] cf/f]k dfcf]jfbLsf] 6fpsf]df yf]kl/Psf] 5 .

cd]l/sfsf] of] lg0f{okl5 dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] cd]l/sfn] l5d]sL ef/t / rLgdf lgu/fgL /fVg] lgx'"df g]kfndf cv8f /fVg nfu]sf] ;+s]t ul/;Sg'ePsf] klg 5 . O/fsdflysf] lgoGq0fkl5 cd]l/sfsf] Wofg blIf0f Pl;of / rLgdf s]lGb|t x'G5 eGg] cg'dfg /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx¿sf] 5 . To;nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] g]kfn h:tf] ;fdl/s / /0fgLlts dxTjsf] 7fp"df cd]l/sfsf] k|efjk"0f{ pkl:ylt gx'g] k|Zg} p7\b}g . To;}n] cd]l/sL ;}Go ;fdfu|L cfjZos k/] ;]gfsf] pkl:yltsf cufl8 dfcf]jfbLx¿ h+un uP/ e¿jf aGb'sn] /fHo;Qf kN6fpg] u'8\8L xf"Sg' ca Joy{ x'g uPsf] 5 . pgLx¿ h+un kms{g ;Sb}gg\ .

otf ev{/} ;/sf/;"u klxnf] r/0fsf] cf}krfl/s jftf{ ;DkGg u/]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] Tof] df]rf{ klg ;'/lIft /x]g . hxf" pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf nIo, p2]Zo, cfrf/;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjog / jftf{sf] ;xh jftfj/0f lgdf{0f, jftf{ k|lqmof / ;do tflnsf, jftf{sf] ;DaGw, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg;DaGwL lj:t[t a'"bfx¿ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ljz]iftM d"n /fhgLlts Ph]08fdf gof" ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof / ljlw, gof" ;+ljwfgsf] Go"gtd cGt/j:t', /fli6«o tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs k|Zgx¿, dfgjclwsf/ tyf tTsfnLg /fxt / k'g{:yfkgfsf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z u/]sf lyP .

t/ dfcf]jfbLn] ;f]r] h:tf] ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿ Tolt ;fx|} lt/:s[t ePgg\ . a¿ /fhfjfbL / dfcf]jfbLsf] ;f"7uf"7nfO{ cf}+Nofp"b} pgn] cfkm"nfO{ ;+ul7t u/] . Go"gtd sfo{qmddf uf]na4 klg eP . ca /fhfsf] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr dfq} s'g} ;Demf}tf eP klg Tof] sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;Sb}g . b'j}sf] eGbf 7"nf] hgfwf/ ePsf oL bnx¿n] lj/f]w ub{5g\ . lxhf] ;+;b\df ! ;L6 lhTg] cj:yf gePkl5 h+un uPsf] zlQmn] t o:tf] ljt08f v8f u¥of] eg] ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fk|kf afx]ssf ;a} zlQm ;8sdf cf]ln{+bf, To;nfO{ wfGg] Ifdtf /fhf / dfcf]jfbL b'j};"u /xg] 5}g . o;}n] jftf{sf] lsQfdf klg dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;'/lIft 5}gg\ .

dfcf]jfbLsf nflu tTsfn v'nf ePsf] eg]sf] ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿n] cf/De u/]sf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xeflutfsf] xf] . t/, To;df ;xefuL x'"bf pgLx¿df g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf /x"b}g . zlQmsf lx;fan] sf+u|]; / Pdfn]kl5sf] t];|f] zlQm x'g k'U5g\ . /fhgLlts d"No dfGotfsf lx;fan] ltgn] cfkm\gf] gof" sbdnfO{ ;fljt ug{ cK7\of/f] x'ghfG5 . k6s–k6s af]nL km]l/g] 5]kf/] z}nLsf] g]t[Tj aG5 . To;n] ltgsf] hgfwf/nfO{ slt oyfjt\ /fV5, eGg ;lsGg .

k|wfgdGqL ;Daf]wg M ;/sf/ 8UdufPsf] k|df0f

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . @)$^ ;fndf ha P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng ;'¿ eof], /fhgLlts g]tf, sfo{stf{, ljBfyL{, Joj;foLx¿ To;df uf]na4 eP . k~rx¿ Ps} :j/, Ps} ;f;df s/fp"y], æb]zdf ljsf;sf] d"n km'6\g} nfu]sf] a]nfdf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ ;/sf/ ;dlk{t ePsf] a]nfdf sf+u|];–sDo'lgi6n] d'n'sdf zflGt / ;'l:y/tf vnaNofOlbP . ljsf; ult /f]Sg vf]h]Æ cflb . 7Ls ToxL z}nL jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL -hf] k~rfotL Joj:yfdf clGtd k|wfgdGqL x'g'x'GYof]_ nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] z'qmaf/ b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf lbg'ePsf] ;Gb]zdf b]vfpg'eof] . lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug{ nfu]sf] a]nf kf6L{x¿n] To;nfO{ ef"8\g cfGbf]ng ug{ nfu]sf eg]/ . pgLx¿sf] cfGbf]ng jt{dfg ;+ljwfg / /fhgLlts Joj:yfsf] lj¿4df x}g, o;}nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg xf] . olb of] ;/sf/ oxL ;+ljwfgcGtu{t ag]sf] 5 eg], bnsf] sbdn] ;/sf/nfO{ s;/L c;xof]u x'G5 < ;/sf/ u}/ ;+j}wflgs eP s'/f a]Un} † ;+ljwfg cg'¿k rNg p;nfO{ cK7\of/f] kb{5 .

bnx¿sf] cfGbf]ngn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cK7\of/f] klg kfb}{g, olb pgLx¿ hgtfnfO{ clws clwsf/ ;DkGg u/fpg cGt/ x[bob]lv nfu]sf 5g\ eg] . ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿n] klg /fhfnfO{ @)$^ df lbPsf] hgtfsf] clwsf/ gvf]; lkmtf{ b]pm eg]sf 5g\, dfcf]jfbLsf] dfu ToxL xf] eg] t bnx¿sf] cfGbf]ng ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf] ldngljGb' klg t x'g;S5 < k|wfgdGqL cQflnP/ !@ jif{sf] s'zf;g, cl:y/tf, k|hftflGqs cEof; e+u u/]sf] cf/f]k nfpg}kg]{ cfjZostf lyPg . a'9\of}nLn] 5f]k]sf]n] !@ jif{sf] k|hftflGqs cEof;df cfkm"nfO{ kl/isf/ ug{ g;s]sf]n] klg x'g;S5, s'g} Pp6f bnsf] ;Ddflgt g]tf /xg'ePsf rGbn] bnx¿dfly /fd|} ljifadg ug'{ef] . k|hftGqnfO{ ljrlnt / abgfd u/fpg @)%# ;fnsf] sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ eTsfP/ ;Qfdf hfg -:j]R5f klg x'g;S5 / lgb]{zg klg_ xtfl/Pkl5 ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ljs[ltsf] ;'¿jft ylkPsf] xf] . ;f;b\ lsga]r, y'g5]s, ljb]z e|d0f To;s} ;x pTkfbg x'g\ . ;'b"/ klZrdsf] s:tf] ;+of]u /xg uof] s'lGg † k|wfgdGqL rGb / tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf kfnfdf ;+;bLo Joj:yf clws abgfd u/fOof], b'j} hgf b/af/sf lk|o ¿kdf b]lvg' klg eof] . st} b'j} hgfnfO{ of] ;+;bLo Joj:yf abgfd u/fpg cu|;/ u/fOPsf] t lyPg .

k|wfgdGqLn] bnx¿nfO{ nl~5t u/] klg !@ jif{df pxf" cfkm}+ klg k|wfgdGqL ePsf] / ;Qf ;fdLs/0fdf ;+;bLo d"No dfGotfnfO{ ltnf~hnL lbP/ ;Qf cfh{gdf nfu]sf]n] Tof] nf~5gf klxl/g] Ps of]Uo kfq cfkm}+ klg kg'{eof] ls † utjif{ h]7 * sf] k|ltlglw;ef lj36g, c;f]h !* sf] zfxL ;Gb]z, dfcf]jfbL;"usf] o'4lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofsf ultljlw x]bf{ k|hftGq cl:y/ agfpg] / d'n'ssf] zflGt vNaNofpg] :yfoL zlQm cs}{ b]vfkb{5 . h;sf] pRrf/0f;Dd k|d rGbn] ug'{ePg .

bnx¿n] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff;Dd ug]{ k"j{ ;GWofdf k|wfgdGqLn] lbg'ePsf] jQmJon] ;/sf/sf] dgf]bzf phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL :jo+ s';L{af6 d'lQm x'g] lbg ug]/ al;/xg'ePsf] 5 . To:tf] ;/sf/sf dGqL / tLcGtu{tsf k|zf;gn] b]znfO{ s'g lbzf / ultlt/ n}hfnf † k|wfgdGqLsf] clgR5f / ljjztfnfO{ s] pxf"nfO{ lgo'lQm ug]{n] a'em]sf 5g\ t <

lzIff dGqfnodf cfly{s ;+s6
;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] ah]6 cf}ifwf]krf/, k]G;g / pkbfgdf

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}}" . lzIff dGqfnonfO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng]x¿nfO{ pkfbfg, cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{, k]G;g lbg] /sdsf] cefj x'gyfn]sf] 5 . dGqfno;"qn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ o;} sfdsf nflu cy{ dGqfno;"u yk @) s/f]8 ¿k}of"sf] dfu u/L k7fPsf] eP klg cy{n] yk /sd lbg c:jLsf/ u/]kl5 of] l:ylt pTkGg x'gk'u]sf] xf] .

ljut jif{x¿sf] t'ngfdf o; jif{ /fhLgfdf lbg] lzIfsx¿sf] ;+Vofdf tLj|tf cfPkl5 dGqfnodf ljlgof]lht /sd ;lsPsf] bfaL dGqfnosf k|jQmf njk|;fb lqkf7Lsf] 5 . To;f] t dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] lg;fgL ag]/ /ftf/ft xf/u'xf/ dfUb} ;/sf/sf] z/0fdf k'u]/ ;'/lIft ljBfnox¿df sfh ;¿jf eP/ a;]sf ;of}+ lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg gx'"b} r}q d;fGt cfufl8 g} sfh lkmtf{ ul/lbPsf] lyof] . /, Tof] ;d"xsf w]/} lzIfsx¿n] /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 /fhLgfdf lbg] lzIfsx¿sf] ;+Vofdf tLj|tf cfPsf] lyof] . t/, To;df klg s]xL kx'"rjfnf lzIfsx¿n] eg] k|wfgdGqLsf] kq lnP/ dGqfno wfpg] u/]sf 5g\– dGqfnosf Ps pRr clwsf/Ln] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfP . pgsf cg';f/ o:tf] lje]bsf/L gLlt clVtof/ ug{ nfu]kl5 c¿ lzIfsx¿n] klg bjfj :j¿k sf7df8f}"df a:g kfp" egL lgj]bg btf{ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . dGqfnon] sfg'gtM lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;]ldgf/, uf]i7Lx¿df dfu b/aGbL ldnfgkl5 sfh lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

k'gM lgj]bg btf{ ug{ k'u]sf Ps lzIfsn] uDeL/ d'b|fdf eg], æzflGt;'/Iff :yflkt ePsf] eP ;]gf, k|x/Lx¿ lsg Aof/]sdf kms{b}+gg\ < dfcf]jfbLx¿ dfG5] ckx/0f ug{ lsg 5f8\b}gg\ < s] df:6/ rflx+ ;/sf/sf ;]gf x'g\ / kms{G5g\ <Æ o;sf] lrQa'em\bf] hjfkm gkfP pgLx¿n] cfGbf]ngdf hfg] r]tfjgL klg lbPsf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos k|fylds ljBfnosf] /sd s6f}tL

dGqfnodf cfly{s ;+s6 pTkGg eP/ /GylgPsf] lzIff dGqfnon] ;fd'bflos k|fylds ljBfno ;+rfngsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] sl/a @) s/f]8 /sd s6f}tL u/L pQm /sdnfO{ lzIfssf] tna, k]G;g tyf cGo ;'ljwf lbg] zLif{sdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ tof/Ldf h'6]sf] yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 . cy{dGqfnon] yk /sd glbg] a¿ /sd ;dfof]hg ug{sf nflu eg] :jLs[lt lbg] cfZjf;g lbPkl5 dGqfnosf] cf"vf otftkm{ nfu]sf] xf] . clw/fHoel/ !* ;o @ j6f ;fd'bflos k|fylds ljBfnox¿ ;+rflnt x'"b} cfPsf 5g\ . oL ljBfnox¿df slDtdf tLg hgf lzIfsx¿ x'g'kg]{ pNn]v eP klg ljut b'O{jif{b]lv b/aGbL yk ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o;k6s b/aGbL ldnfgsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] /sd ;d]t s6f}tL x'g] ePkl5 ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿sf] ;+Vof o;jif{ klg @ hgfd} ;Lldt /xgk'u]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿df /x]sf oL b'O{ lzIfsx¿df klg kfnf] nufpg] rng a9L xfjL ePsf] 5 . km]l/ Ps hgfn] b'O{ tLgj6f sIff Pp6} ;dodf x]g'{kg]{ afWotf csf]{tkm{ 5 . t/, lgodtM #( hgf ljBfyL{ a/fa/ Ps hgf lzIfs /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP klg of] Jojxf/df eg] sfuhL 3f]8f ;/x dfq ePsf] 5 . kxf8L Onfsfx¿df k|fylds txdf cToGt} yf]/} / blIf0f j]N6df eg] o;sf] rfk lgs} w]/} ePsf] kfOG5 . o;n] ubf{ of] lgod Jojxfl/s b]lvb}+g .

ptf dGqfnosf k|jQmf lqkf7Ln] eg] åGåaf6 kLl8t ePsf ljBfnox¿nfO{ klg /sd lbg'kg]{ ePsf]n] s]xL Go"g k|fyldstfsf sfo{qmd s6f}tL x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . lhNnf–lhNnfaf6 lgj[Qe/0fdf /x]sf lzIfsx¿sf] tna tyf pkfbfgsf] /sd lbgsf nflu /sd ck'u ePsf] kq dGqfnodf y'lk|g yfn]sf 5g\ . ! nfv & xhf/ * ;o %# hgf lzIfssf] b/aGbL /x]sf] lzIfs ;+u7gdf ljut ;ft jif{;Dd lzIff cfof]u gv'Nbf / ;dodf cfof]un] glthf k|sfzg gubf{ :yfoL lzIfsx¿n] /fhLgfdf lbg] qmd j[l4 x'"bf c:yfoL lzIfsx¿sf] ;+Vofdf PSsf;L j[l4 eO{ $) xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 . clxn] lzIfsx¿sf] /fhLgfdf z+sf:kb b]lvPdf lzIfsx¿sf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/Psf] 5}g eg] cGosf] xsdf eg] /f]s gnufOPsf] k|jQmf lqkf7Ln] atfpg'eof] . h;n] ubf{ lgj[lQe/0f gePsf lzIfsx¿sf] /fhLgfdf lbg] ;+Vof emg\ a9L x'g k'u]sf] 5 . cf}iflw vr{sf] /sd lbg'kg]{ ePsf]n] g} o:tf] ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] x'g;Sg] cg'dfg k|jQmf lqkf7Lsf] 5 .

d[uf}nf a]Rg] lu/f]x k|x/Lsf] sAhfdf

b]zfGt/ ;Djfbbftf

sf7df8f}" . kf"r jif{ cufl8b]lv 8fS6/x¿s} ;+nUgtfdf d[uf}nfsf] Jofkf/df ;+nUg /x"b} cfPsf xl/gf/fo0f :ofËtfg -tfdfª_ nfO{ lxhf] laxfg pkTosf ck/fw cg';Gwfg zfvf xg'dfg9f]sfdf sfo{/t k|x/L lg/LIfs u0f]z /]UdLn] &% hgf dflg;x¿sf] d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f u/]sf] sfuhftsf] ;a't k|df0f ;lxt kqmg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .

;fdfGotof lu6L s'6\g], ufd]{G6df sfd ug]{ h:tf ljkGg ju{sf dflg;x¿nfO{ cfkm" / cfkm\gf] >LdtL ;d]tn] d[uf}nf a]r]sf] t/ cfkm"x¿nfO{ s]xL klg gePsf] egL ul/ax¿nfO{ tfdfªn] vf;u/L ef/tsf] db|f;sf] MITO c:ktfn, db|f;s} ;Gtf]if c:ktfn, r08Lu9sf] ;Gho ufGwL c:ktfn, nvgpsf] kL=hL=cfO{= c:ktfn;"u ;Dks{ /fvL tLg} xl:k6ndf nuL laqmL ul/g] u/]sf] s'/f cleo'Qm tfdfªn] cg';Gwfgsf qmddf atfPsf 5g\ .

:ofËtfgaf6 a/fdb ePsf sfuhft / pgsf] aofg cg';f/ pgn] g]kfnsf jl/i7 g]k|mf]nf]lhi6x¿af6 s'g} tl/sfn] l;kmfl/; u/fP/ d[uf}nfsf] Jofkf/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pgn] ;Dks{ u/L d[uf}nf km]g{ k5{ eg]/ l;kmfl/; lnPsf 8fS6/x¿df 8f= Clif/fh sfkm\n], 8f= k'is//fh ;Tofn -jL/ c:ktfn_, An"qm; -lqk'/]Zj/_, 8f= k|df]b If]qL l;4fy{ Pkf]nf], 8f= dgf]h e§/fO{ If]qkf6L kf]nL lSnlgssf 5g\ . pQm s'/f cleo'Qmaf6 hkmt ePsf sfuhkqaf6 v'Ng cfPsf] s'/f k|=lg= /]UdLn] atfpg'eof] .

o;}u/L cleo'Qmn] d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ nUg'eGbf klxnf ljleGg hf"rx¿ So'/]S; 8fof]g]l:6s ;]G6/nufot cGo l/kf]6{ agfpg log} 7fp"x¿ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . k};f kfOg] k|nf]egdf kf/L ef/tdf k'¥ofPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;'¿df c:ktfn nuL r]s hf"r u/fO{ PS;–/] ug{ nufP/ ;2] d[uf}nfnfO{ !)) k|ltzt sfd gnfUg] egL c:ktfnleq} bnfn u/L tLg nfvdf laqmL x'g] d[uf}nfsf] Ps nfv ¿k}of" dfq kLl8tnfO{ lbOg] u/]sf] 5 eg] b'O{ nfv ¿k}of" ToxL lu/f]xn] af"8L vfg] u/]sf] 5 .

tfdfªn] o:tf] sfo{df % j6f u|'kn] g]kfndf sfd ul//x]sf] s'/f ;d]t v'nfPsf 5g\ . t/, tL u|'k sxf" / s;/L sfo{ ub}{ 5g\ eGg] ljifodf eg] hfgsf/L glbPsfn] k|x/Lx¿ vf]hLdf nflu;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] dfgj c+u k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{ g]kfnsf] klxnf] JolQm k'tnL;8s 8gj:sf] :s'nsf lk|lG;kn lbnLk nfdf lyP . hf] xfn l;nu'9Ldf 5g\ . xl/gf/fo0f tfdfªaf6 k|x/Ln] &% hgf dflg;x¿sf] d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f u/]sf] kmf]6f], ls8\gL lbg] JolQmx¿;"u ;DalGwt sfuhft, lng] lbg] JolQmsf] kl/ro;DaGwL sfuhft, k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{ ef/tLo c:ktfnsf] sfuhft ;d]t a/fdb ul/;s]sf] 5 .

nf]edf k/L d[uf}nf a]Rg] aRr' bdfO{ 8Da/ u'¿ªn] ;'/IffsdL{;"u k|f/Dedf v'n]/ s'/f ug{ ¿rfPgg\ .

8fS6/sf] l;kmfl/; tyf k|dfl0ft sfuhft :ofªtfg;"u ePsf] / g]kfndf o;/L c+u k|Tof/f]k0fdf laqmL ug]{÷u/fpg] Joj:yf gePsf] x'"bf cfkm" ;d]t sf/afxLdf kl/g] 8/n] sd k};f kfp"bf ;d]t ph'/L gu/]sf] atfPsf lyP . lgh tfdfª ;nf{xL 3/ eO{ xfn sfdgkf j8f g+= ^ rfalxn kLknaf]6df a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . pgL #( jif{sf dfq 5g\ .

Ol~hlgol/ªsf lgb]{zs 3]/fpdf
lgudsf] 6\jLgc6/ Ifltu|:t †

sf7df8f}" . zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] bfªdf lgoldt cfGtl/s ljdfg ;]jf ;+rfng u/]sf] 9\jfª k'mls/x]sf] a]nf cfGtl/s p8fgsf] Pp6f 6\jLgc6/ ljdfg k"jf{~rndf cfPsf] xfjfx'/Ln] Ifltu|:t ePsf] lyof], t/ ;f] ;dfrf/ lgudn] ;fj{hlgs g} u/]g .

lgud;"qn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ 9NABB -cNkmf j|]ef] j|]ef]_ ;+s]t gDa/sf] pQm ljdfgdf k'u]sf] Iflt hf"r ug{ ljdfgsf] ljds l;+ufk'/af6 lemsfOPsf] 5 . /, lgudsf k|fljlws ;lxt pgL lj/f6gu/ u};s]sf 5g\ . lgudsf k|fljlwsx¿n] ljdfgdf k'u]sf] Ifltsf] nfut @% xhf/ 8n/eGbf dfly eP ladf /sd bfaL ug]{ cGoyf lgudnfO{ kmfObf gx'g] ts{ lbPsf 5g\ .

o;}aLr, lgud ;"qn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ lgudsf] Ol~hlgol/ª ljefusf lgb]{zs /fh]Gb| df]xg l;+xnfO{ ljefudf cfly{s clgoldttf ePsf] cf/f]k nufp"b} a'waf/ sd{rf/Lx¿n] 3]/fp u/]sf 5g\ . pxf"nfO{ kbaf6 x6fpg'kg]{ dfu lnP/ ljefusf sd{rf/Lx¿ k|aGw lgb]{zs ;dIf k'u]sf lyP . ljefusf sd{rf/Lx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ af]Oª &%& sf] Pp6f Ol~hgsf] df]8"n– $ sf] dd{t ;Def/ ubf{ clgoldttf ePsf] 5 . pQm ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf /f]N; /f]ksf 8]le8 a|f8nL @ k6s g]kfn cfPsf lyP . o;/L b'O{b'O{k6s cfpg'sf] sf/0f :yfgLo Ph]G6 / lgudsf kbflwsf/L;"usf] n]gb]g x'g;Sg] cg'dfg lgud ;"qx¿sf] 5 . ;f] 7]Ssfdf dfq} Ps xhf/ 8n/sf] n]gb]g ePsf] bfaL ;"qx¿sf] 5 .

cfly{s Ph]08f / 5nkmnsf] cfjZostf

k|fWofks ljZjDe/ Kofs'¥ofn

g]kfnsf] cy{tGq kl/jt{gsf] df]8df cfP/ c8]sf] 5 . cfGtl/s / afx\o sf/0fn] rfn' sfo{qmd / /0fgLltdf k'glj{rf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/f ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . ;ft jif{ nfdf] hgo'4, o;}aLr 36]sf] /fhb/af/ xTofsf08 / afx|jif{ nfdf] cl:y/ /fhg}lts dfxf}nn] jfx\o b[li6df g]kfn sl/a–sl/a c;'/lIft e"ld ;fljt ePsf] 5 . ;g\ !((^ sf] g]kfn–ef/t Jofkf/ ;lGw ;g\ @))@ df ePsf] gjLs/0fn] g]kfnsf] cfoft / lgof{tdf k|lts"n k|efj kf/]sf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf ePsf] ;]K6]Da/ !! sf] cft+ssf/L xdnfaf6 cd]l/sL ahf/df g]kfnL lgof{t 36\g] tyf cd]l/sf / o'/f]k]nL ko{6s / nufgL ;d]t 36\g] qmd hf/L 5 . k'/fgf] k|ljlw, Go"g k""hL, ;Lldt ahf/, sdhf]/ Joj:yfkg / ;dli6ut /fli6«o cfly{s cj:yfn] Psflt/ w]/} pBf]u ¿U0f ePsf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ Go"g dfu, 36\bf] nufgL / artsf] sf/0f c;'/Iffsf] jt{dfg jftfj/0fn] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg x|f;f]Gd'v 5g\ . ljQLo / a}+lsª If]qaf6 ul/Psf] cf}Bf]lus kl/of]hgfsf] s'n nufgLdf sl/a @) k|ltzt nufgL ¿U0f ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . ¿U0f pBf]unfO{ gfkmfd"ns agfpg g;Sbf em08} jflif{s # nfv a]/f]huf/x¿sf] ;d"xdf yk dhb'/x¿ >d ahf/df ylk+b} uPsf 5g\ . czQm pBf]un] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;f"jf / Jofhsf] e'QmfgL ltg{ g;s]/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] v/fa C0f a9\bf] 5 . ;/sf/n] klg /fhZjsf] 7"nf] /sd u'dfPsf] 5 .

s[lifsf] j[l4b/ hg;+Vof j[l4b/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . s[lifaf6 pTkfbg x'g] sltko j:t'x¿df h'g ;'ljwfx¿ k|bfg ul/Psf 5g\ To;sf] cfwf/df d"No clej[l4 x'g ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g . g]kfnfdf dnsf] k|of]u ## s]hL k|ltx]S6/ 5 h'g a+unfb]z / kfls:tfgsf] bf"hf]df Ps ltxfO{ dfq xf] . s'n v]tLof]Uo hldgdWo] #% k|ltztdf dfq l;+rfO{sf] Joj:yf 5 / To;dWo] $) k|ltzt hldgdf dfq jflif{s ¿kdf l;+rfO{sf] Joj:yf x'g;s]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;af6 ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] nflu u|fdL0f ¿kfGt/0f x'g g;s]sf]n] o;nfO{ d'Vo k];f agfP/ af"Rg]x¿sf] hghLjg si6k|b ePsf] 5 .

cfly{s jif{ )%*÷)%( sf] cjlwdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg -l:y/ d"No_ df (=(@ k|ltztn] lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 . vfBj:t', ufd]{G6, sfk]{6, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L, xf]6n / /]i6'/f"sf] cfDbfgLdf x|f; cfPsf] 5 . o;/L pBf]u / Jofkf/ ultljlwdf cfPsff] dGbL / ;]jf If]qsf] gsf/fTds j[l4n] k|ltJolQm cfodf em08} * k|ltztn] lu/fj6 cfPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . gjf}+ of]hgfsf] cfwf/ jif{ -)%*÷)%(_ / b;f}+ of]hgfsf] klxnf] jif{ -)%(÷)^)_ aLrsf] cjlwdf b'O{k6s cfly{s j[l4b/ C0ffTds eof] . Psflt/ b;f}+ of]hgf cjlwdf s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] cg'kftdf ;/b/ jflif{s s'n nufgL, art / /fhZjsf] cg'dfg unt ;fljt eof] eg] csf]{lt/ b;f}+ of]hgfsf] ;'¿sf] jif{sf] k|bz{g C0ffTds ePsf]n] jt{dfg o'4lj/fd sfod /x]/ /fhg}lts ;d:ofsf] lgsf; kfpg ;lsP tfklg rfn' of]hgfsf] cfwL ;do cy{tGqsf] ;+oGqsf] dd{t / ;Def/df k|zf;goGq laTg] b]lvG5 .

bL3{sfnLg ljsf;sf] /0fgLlts ;f]rfOdf of] oyfl:yltsf] uf"7f] km'sfpg} k5{ . jt{dfg cy{tGq ;+s6sf] cy{ttGq xf] . u[xo'4af6 anfTs[t ePsf] cfGtl/s cfly{s b'/fj:yf, låkIfLo Jofkf/ ;lGwsf] ck|efjsfl/tf, If]qLo nufgL / Jofkf/df cfPsf] lu/fj6 tyf ljZjJofkL dGbL g]kfnsf] nflu cfly{s ;+s6sf sf/s tTjx¿ x'g\ . ;d:ofsf] vf]hL / j}slNks sfo{of]hgfsf] l;kmfl/; log} ljljw kIfdf vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 .

cfly{s uf]nd]rsf] cfjZostfM

g]kfndf s]xL jif{otf of]hgf th'{dfsf] ;Gbe{df bL3{sfnLg If]qut cjwf/0ffnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] b]lvG5, t/ sfof{Gjog /0fgLlt eg] cl:y/ cfly{s kl/;"rssf] cfwf/df ljleGg ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ cf"sng u/]/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf cfly{s cfwf/e"t (Economic Fundamentals) alnof] eP tfklg logsf k|efjsfl/tf k|ZglrGx eP/ c8]sf] x'G5 . ahf/d'vL Joj:yfnfO{ ahf/ cy{tGqsf] Go"gtd k"jf{wf/sf] cfwf/df xfdLn] cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . o; cy{df klg jt{dfg /fhg}lts cj:yfn] gof" cfly{s Ph]08fx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs 5nkmndf Nofpg k|]/0ff lbPsf] 5 . xfdLn] lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] gof" ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{gsf] vf; clek|fo cg'¿k ljleGg j}rfl/s dfGotf /fVg] JolQm tyf ;d"xn] v'n]/ o:tf] 5nkmndf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg'k5{ . /fhg}lts ;xdltdf ;bgaf6 kfl/t e};s]sf P]gx¿ ;d]t s] sf/0fn] sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ < b'O{ sbd cfufl8 al9;s]sf ;'wf/ sfo{qmd;"u ;DalGwt P]g / sfof{Gjog gLltx¿ lsg pbf/Ls/0fsf] afx| jif{kl5 klg lqmofzLn x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ < k|:tfljt sfo{qmdsf] c;kmntfsf] hjfkmb]xL lng'kg]{ kl/kf6L s] sf/0fn] ;'¿ ug{ g;lsPsf] < ;fob cfly{s P]h]08fdf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ oL / o:tf bh{gf}+ u}x| cfly{s d'2fx¿ klg 5nkmndf /fVg' plrt x'G5 xf]nf .

;Djfbdf Nofpg'kg]{ d'2fx¿

cfly{s :j]tkqM

) k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yfkgfkZrft\ ax'dt k|fKt ;/sf/, cNkdtsf] ;/sf/ / ldlnh'nL ;/sf/n] g]kfnL cy{tGqdf cgluGtL k|of]u u/] . ;/sf/sf] cl:y/tf;"u} cfly{s gLltsf] clglZrttf klg a9\b} uof] . c"ufn]sf w]/}h;f] gLltsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cWoog ubf{ clwstd ;dodf cfly{seGbf u}x| cfly{s sf/0fn] cy{tGq k|efljt ePsf] b]lvof] . afx| jif{b]lv k|of]udf /x]sf] pbf/Ls/0fn] cy{tGqdf NofPsf] ptf/ r9fasf] z"Id d"Nofs+g u/L o;n] k}bf u/]sf] ;d:of / o;af6 lng ;lsg] cj;/nfO{ k'gMJofVof ug'{kg]{ dx;'; u/L /flvPsf] a]nf g]kfnsf] Ps bzs nfdf] ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] ofqfdf d'n's gof" /fhg}lts df]8df plePsf] 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ cj;/sf] ¿kdf pkof]u ug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] ahf/ cy{tGq, pbf/Ls/0f / ljZjJoflks/0fsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ ;dfof]hgsf] k|s[ofnfO{ ;Defljt /fhg}lts kl/jt{g;"u} cufl8 a9fpg' cfjZos 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf jt{dfg cy{tGqsf] Blue Print ;fj{hlgs u/]/ o;sf] k'gM;+/rgfsf] vfsf tof/ u/L ;fj{hlgs 5nkmnsf] nflu cl3 a9fpg' clgjfo{ b]lvG5 .

) ;fdflhs jh{g (Social Exclusion)

Macroeconomic stability sfod x'g ;s]sf] eP tfklg, k|lt JolQm afx\o ;xof]u blIf0f Pl;ofd} pRr b]lvP tfklg, ;fdflhs kl/;"rsx¿df ;fdfGo ;'wf/ b]lvP tfklg ul/a / lk5l8Psf ;d"xnfO{ a9L k|efj kfg]{ :jf:Yo, k|fylds lzIff, kfgL, ;/;kmfO h:tf If]qdf ;|f]tsf] k|jfx ;dfg'kflts 9+uaf6 ;x/L If]qdf s]lGb|t eP/ d2t k'¥ofpg'kg]{ 7"nf] ;d"x a9\bf] ¿kdf ;fdflhs ¿kdf jlx:s[t ePsf] xfdLn] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu :jf:Yos} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ;/sf/sf] vr{sf] agfj6nfO{ x]bf{ of] k|fyldstf / cfjZostfd'vL b]lvb+}g . ah]6sf] ljt/0f k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jfdf gf6sLo 9+un] 36]sf] 5 eg] c:ktfnsf] vr{df a9]sf] b]lvG5 . /f]usf] /f]syfddf eGbf pkrf/df a9L Wofg s]lGb|t b]lvG5 . ;'ljwf sd ePsf :jf:Yo s]Gb| / :jf:Yo rf}sLdf tna ;'ljwf eg] a9L b]lvG5 . o:tf s]Gb|x¿df ;du| nfutsf] b'O{ k|ltzt dfq cf}iflwdf vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . /fhg}lts k|efj xfjL eP/ k|fyldstfsf] juL{s/0f ;d]t u}x| lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ tj/n] ug]{ ul/Psf]n] c;dfgtf a9]/ ul/aL lgjf/0f ;f+s]lts dxTjsf] j:t' ePsf] 5 . lzIff / l;+rfO{h:tf If]q t];|f] k|fyldstfdf k/]/ JolQmsf] gfp"af6 :yfkgf ul/Psf] Trust k|yd k|fyldstfdf /flvg' o:t} lj;+ultsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj u/fP/ dlxnf / lk5l8Psf ;d"xsf] /fhg}lts ;xeflutf x'g] qmd k|f/De x'g yfn]sf] eP tfklg k|hftflGqs ;xeflutf vf;} a9\g ;s]sf] b]lvPg To;}n] gful/s :jtGqtf, k|sfzg :jtGqtf, zflGt;'/Iff, sfg'gL /fHo, ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf / e|i6frf/h:tf If]qdf g]kfn t'ngfTds b[li6n] lgDg:t/d} /x\of] . a9\bf] Social Exclusion ljsf;sf] dfgjLo kIfnfO{ nlIft ug{ g;s]/ kf] xf] ls eGg] cg'ej ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . o; cy{df dfgjLo cfjZostfnfO{ nlIft ul/;s]kl5 dfq pTkfbg / vktsf] ef}lts nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 h'g kIf xfd|f] of]hgfsf] ljsf;sf] qmddf sdhf]/ b]lvG5 . To;}n] k|hftflGqs ;xeflutf / ;fdflhs If]qsf] ljsf; klg cfly{s Ph]08fd} ufEg'kg]{ xf] ls <

cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] k'g{d"Nofs+g

) ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] k|efjnfO{ d"Nof+sg ubf{ cltsd ljsl;t d'n'sdf !% j6f /fi6«df vf; k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:y pTkfbg j[l4 !(() b]lv !((* sf] aLrdf k|ltjif{ b'O{ k|ltztn] a9\of] eg] cGo afO{; j6f d'n'sdf of] j[l4 l:y/ /x\of] / af"sL P3f/ j6f d'n'sdf ;}Go ljb|f]x eP/ k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:y tLg k|ltztn] 36\of] . of] ;d"xsf] /fi6«df ljsf; c;dfg / clgoldt /x]sf] 5 . pRr hg;+Vof j[l4nfO{ klg d"Nofª\sgdf /fv]/ a+unfb]znfO{ cltsd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] u0fgfaf6 x6fpg] xf] eg] ljut Ps bzsdf jf:tljs k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:y pTkfbg k|ltjif{ s]jn )=$ k|ltzt dfq x'g cfp"5 . xfdLn] cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fnfO{ c"ufNg'cl3 cfoft k|lt:yfkg pBf]usf] a9fjf / Jofkf/ tyf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ;+/If0fnfO{ hf]8 lbof}+ . of] gLltn] cfGtl/s ahf/ ljZjJofkLs/0fdf PsLs[t x'g g;Sg] ;}4flGts dfGotfsf] cfwf/df stabilization / structural reform sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3 a9fof]}+ . k|Zg p7\5– s] t xfdLn] cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] jt{dfg sfo{gLltaf6 cfGtl/s pTkfbgstf{nfO{ ljZjahf/ pknAw u/fpg ;Sof}+ t < s] jt{dfg cy{gLlt cg'¿ksf] cfly{s ;+/rgf tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ckgfOPsf] cfly{s ;+oGqnfO{ k'gMd"Nofs+g ug{ l9nf] e};s]sf] 5}g t < s] t ca infant industry sf] l;4fGtnfO{ k'gM ljrf/ u/L cy{tGqnfO{ 6]jf lbg] 7"nf] k}dfgfsf] d'Vo cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgnfO{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] ;do;Ddsf] nflu ;+/If0f lbg] s'/f p7fpg x'g] ls gx'g] < cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f lgb{nLo k~rfot Joj:yfh:t} j}slNks gLltsf] ;Defjgfljgf g} bLuf] x'g;S5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ 5f]8\g ;Sg'k5{ . cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ klg cfkm"n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf df}lb|s gLltx¿df c;kmn e};s]sf 5g\ . Soflk6n PsfpG6 se{l6{ljln6L gePsf]n] ljZj ahf/df PsLs[t x'g g;s]sf] cf/f]k nufOPsf sd ljsl;t d'n'sx¿nfO{ ca ljsf;nfO{ bLuf] ug{ bzsf}+ ;Dd o:tf lg0f{o ug{ xtfl/g gx'g] ;Nnfx lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . xfn;fn} cd]l/sL sf+u]|;sf s]xL ;b:ox¿n] IMF n] e|i6 ;/sf/nfO{ ;x'lnot / cGonfO{ Growth lj/f]wL cfly{s gLlt l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cf/f]k nfufO;s] . cyf{t\ ca cfjZostf cg's"nsf] k'g{;+/lrt cfly{s gLltaf/] ;Djfb ;'¿ ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 .

s/ 5'6M

) cfly{s pTk|]/0ff sfo{qmddf s/ j[l4nfO{ ljsNksf] ¿kdf cl3 ;fl/g] ul/G5 . xfd|f] cy{tGqsf] jt{dfg cj:yfn] o:tf] wSsf a]xf]g]{ x}l;ot /fVb}g . clxn] hgtfsf] vr{ ug]{ Ifdtfdf x|f; cfP/ nufgL 36\g ;'¿ e};s]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;d:of Go"g b/eGbf Go"g ;xeflutf ePsf]n] ;xeflutf a9fpg] jftfj/0f / ;+:yfut ;+/rgfnfO{ a9L lqmofzLn agfp"b} Psflt/ s/ 5'6 lbOPsf j:t' tyf ;]jfnfO{ d"Nofª\sg u/]/ s/sf] bfo/fleq Nofpg] sfo{qmd agfpg' h¿/L 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cfly{s lqmofsnfk a9fP/ hg ljZjf; a9fpgsf] nflu lglZrt If]qdf s/sf] 5'6 lbg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . o:tf] nrstfaf sltko b]zdf nufgLstf{ / pkef]Qmfsf] nfut sd eO{ nufgL a9]/ /f]huf/L clej[l4 ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 5nkmndf of] a'"bf cl3;fg'{ cg'ko'Qm gx'g ;S5 .

C0f ;fk6LM

) ;+s6sf] cy{tGq Joxf]l//x]sf] a]nf xfd|f] bf];|f] ljsNk C0f lng' x'g;S5 . t/, nufgLsf If]qx¿ pTkfbgzLn x'g g;s]/ C0f ltg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf x|f; x'"b} uPsf] 5 . g]kfndf k|ltJolQm j}b]lzs ;xof]usf] cg'kft k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg{ Inelastic b]lvG5 . xfd|f] /fhZj ;+sng / ;fwf/0f vr{sf] k|j[lQnfO{ x]bf{ g]kfnn] klxnf] k6s Doflrª km08 pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] l:ylt b]vfk/]sf] 5 . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf C0fsf] ef/ /fhZjsf] em08} krf; k|ltzt k'lu;s]sf] 5 ca cfP/ cfsflzPsf] ;fwf/0f vr{ / a]nfdf}sfdf x'g] u/]sf C0ffTds /fhZj ;+sngn] ;d:ofnfO{ emg} uDeL/ agfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf 7"nf tyf nfdf] ;dosf] j}b]lzs ;xof]usf kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ;dofjlw @))@ sf] l8;]Da/b]lv ;lsPsf]n] Debt Servicing Burden n] gof" ¿k lng] b]lvG5 . cfly{s ;e]{If0f cg';f/ ;g\ @)))÷)! sf] cjlwdf dfq afx\o C0f vr{ @ va{, $ ca{, $( s/f]8 #) nfv k'lu;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ljQLo Joj:yfkg xfd|f] 7"nf] r'gf}tL ag]sf] 5 . C0f ltg]{ Ifdtfdf x|f; cfPsf] a]nf C0flnP/ cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ ;fdfGo agfpg] s'/f klg Jojxfl/s b]lv+b}g .

gf]6 lgZsf;gM

jt{dfg cfly{s ;+s6sf] ;Gbe{df gf]6 lgZsf;gnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ klg ufx|f] b]lvG5 . gf]6 lgZsf;gsf] d'b|f :kmLltnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ / d'b|f :kmLlt eGg' :jod\df ck|ToIf s/ ePsf]n] of] ljsNk xfn g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] ;Gbe{df pko'Qm b]lvb}+g . To;}n] xfd|f] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ cfly{s Ph]08f ljQLo cg'zf;g tyf C0f Joj:yfkg x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5, t/ oL ljsNkx¿ 5nkmnsf] nflu v'nf 5g\ .

Wj:t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] nfutM

) b;f}+ of]hgfsf] ;'¿ cyf{t\ @))@÷)# b]lv @))$÷)% ;Ddsf] nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf k|fyldstf / s'n ;|f]tsf] cfjZostf jflif{s ah]6 / k~rjifL{o of]hgfdf dWosfnLg vr{ ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df k|ltljlDjt ug{ ;'¿ u/]sf] 5 . ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf / sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojxfl/s agfpg ;/sf/n] c"ufn]sf] gLlt / ah]6 th'{dfdf ;fdf~h:otf Nofpg] k|of; oxL tLg jif{;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o; cy{df dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] bf}/fgdf Wj:t ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] vf; nfut lgSof}+n ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . k'gMlgdf{0fsf] nflu 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ vf; nfut slt xf], cflwsfl/s ¿kaf6 ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g . s]xL ;docl3 of]hgf cfof]usf k|ltlglwn] $ ca{ eg]sf lyP . utjif{ rLgdf ePsf] Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] jflif{s a}+7sdf tTsfnLg cy{dGqLn] !( ca{, @% s/f]8 (US $250 million) pNn]v u/]sf lyP . a}b]lzs ;xof]usf] cg'/f]wsf] nflu klg lglZrt /sd yfxf kfpg' cfjZos 5 / ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 h'6fpg'kg]{ ;|f]t lglZrt ug{ klg of] h¿/L 5 . of] yk Jooef/nfO{ dWosfnLg cy{ ;+/rgfdf ;dfof]hg gug]{ xf] eg] sfo{qmd / ;|f]tsf] cGt/;DaGw sdhf]/ x'g hfg] 5 . xfd|f] d"ne"t ;d:of eg]sf] ljsf;sf] nflu 5'6\ofOP cg';f/sf] vr{sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sbf o;n] cfly{s j[l4b/ / hghLjgdf kg]{ k|efjsf] ;xL d"Nof+sg ug{ g;Sg' xf] . ah]6sf] af"8kmf"8, cfDbfgL / ;|f]t cg'¿keGbf vr{sf] cfwf/df ul/g] x'gfn] gfz ePsf] ;+/rgfsf] ;xL kl/df0f lgSof}+n ug{ g;s] gof" ;+s6 lglDtg] 5 .

k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgLM

) lzlyn cy{tGqnfO{ Zjf; ;+rf/ ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ If]q k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgL xf] . ;g\ !(*)–*( ;Dd g]kfndf k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgL sl/a–sl/a geP ;/x cyf{t\ ;fnfvfnf jflif{s % nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/ /x\of] . of] cg'kft !(()–@))) sf] cjlwdf *# nfv 8n/ k'Uof] t/ klg Pl;ofsf cGo e"kl/j]li7t /fi6« h:t} nfcf] lkl8cf/ / d+uf]lnofsf] t'ngfdf k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:y pTkfbg g]kfndf cd]l/sL 8n/ @!) dfq /x\of] hals nfcf]df @%( / d+uf]lnofdf #$% 8n/ /x]sf] 5 . l;4fGttM cg';Gwfgaf6 klg C0feGbf k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgLn] blIf0f Pl;ofsf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgj[l4df of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf ;Defjgf /fd|} eP/ klg FDI vf; pT;fxhgs x'g g;Sg'df s]xL sf/0fx¿ 5g\ hf] ;g\ @))@ df cGs6}8n] u/]sf] Pp6f cg';Gwfgn] k|sfzdf NofPsf] 5 .

k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgLsf] ef}uf]lns lj:tf/ ;Lldt If]qdf s]lGb|t b]lvG5 . oftfoft, phf{{, ;+rf/ / lg0f{o ug]{ k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] pknAwtfsf] sf/0f FDI cGtu{tsf %& k|ltzt kl/of]hgfx¿ sf7df8f}" pkTosfdf s]lGb|t 5g\ h;df s'n kl/of]hgf nfutsf] ^# k|ltzt ;|f]t k|jflxt eP/ $* k|ltzt /f]huf/L ;[lht ePsf] 5 . k|hftGqcl3 / k|hftGqkl5sf] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ax'k|rfl/t ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf] l;4fGt o; cy{df k"0f{¿kn] ck|efjsf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .

g]kfnsf] clwstd lgof{t j[l4 6]S;6fOn / tof/L kf]zfsdf ;Lldt 5 hf] Dofgkm\ofsrl/ª ;j ;]S6/df kb{5 . g]kfndf xfn;Dd #%) j6f kmd{dWo] ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf a}b]lzs :jfldTjdf #^ j6f kmd{x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . w]/}h;f] kmd{ ;fgf 5g\, t/ !) nfv 8n/ gf3]sf ( j6fdWo] & j6f kmd{ rflx+ oxL #^ j6f kmd{leq} kb{5g\ . b'ef{Uosf] s'/f ( j6f 7"nf kmd{sf a}b]lzs d'b|fsf] ;f7L k|ltzt cfo–cfh{g ug]{ 6]S;6fOn / tof/L kf];fs FDI df kg{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Lk, k|ljlw / k|lt:kwf{Tds wf/ a9fP/ Jofkf/ ljljlws/0f ug{ FDI df of] ;]S6/sf] PsLs/0f dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . gof" a}b]lzs nufgL gLlt, @))@ df @@ j6f gsf/fTds ;"lr, % j6f k|fyldstf k|fKt nufgLsf If]qx¿ tyf a}b]lzs nufgLsf cGo dxTjk"0f{ k|fjwfg ;dfj]; 5g\ . of] gLltnfO{ cf}krfl/stf lbO;lsPsf] 5}g . To;}n] o;nfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg ablnPsf] kl/l:ylt cg'¿k ;fj{hlgs ;Djfb k|f/De ug'{ ;d;fdlos sbd x'g] b]lvG5 .

lgisif{

jt{dfg ;+s6sf] a]nf 5nkmndf Nofpg'kg]{ s'/f bL3{sfnLg ;+/rgfleq s:tf tfTsflns gLltx¿ :jfefljs x'g ;S5g\ eGg] xf]  . a[xt\ /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostf / cfly{s ljQLo bafpnfO{ s;/L ;Gt'ng ug]{ eGg] s'/f klg xfd|f k|fyldstf x'g ;S5g\ . ;+s6sf] a]nf k|fyldstfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;'/Iff / u}x| ;'/Iff If]q 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] k5{ . :yfoL zflGtsf] gfp"df /fi6«n] k'¥ofpg'kg]{ Go"gtd ;]jfaf6 c;'/lIft ;d"x g5'6"g\ eGg] p2]Zo klg TolQs} dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . oftfoft, ;+rf/, phf{, ljQLo ;]jfx¿, :jf:Yo, lzIff, / k|lzIf0f, cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ / cfly{s ;xof]u h:tf If]qx¿n] gof" xf"s k|:t't ug{;Sg] b]lvG5 . bL3{sfnLg ;'/Iffsf] s'/f ubf{ oL If]qx¿sf] ljsf;df c;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;Ifd x'g'k5{ . ;Gt'ngsf] cy{, abln+bf] kl/l:ylt / gof" cfjZostf cg'¿k xfdLn] cfkm\gf gLltx¿df kl/jt{g Nofpg;Sg] nrstf b]vfpg' xf] .

;+s6sf] gfp"df nfdf] ;dokl5 cfly{s ;+/rgfdf rf]6k'Ug] u/L ahf/ cy{tGqsf] Go"gtd l;4fGtljk/Ltsf ;'ljwf glbP tfklg /fi6«sf] k'gMlgdf{0fdf ;xeflutf u/fpg cfly{s ;+s6sf] hfnf]df k/]sf ;d"xnfO{ tfTsflns /fxt k'¥ofpgsf] nflu Pp6f 5'§} Roadmap agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

lgisif{df, Psflt/ gof" /fhg}lts kl/l:yltn] ubf{ xfdLn] sl/a Ps bzssf] pbf/Ls/0fsf] bf}/fg ;"ufn]sf cg'ejx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] nflu ljBdfg gLltx¿nfO{ k'g{;+/rgf ug]{ cd"No cj;/ kfPsf 5f}+ eg] csf]{lt/ 7"nf] ;d"xnfO{ yk cfly{s ef/af6 d'Qm ug{ cNksfnLg /fxt Kofs]h ;d]t ljj]sk"0f{ 9+uaf6 lgdf{0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k"0f{ xf"ssf] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ . o; cy{df xfd|f cfly{s Ph]08fsf ljifoj:t' cgluGtL x'g;S5g\ . of] 5f]6f] l6Kk0fLsf] d"ne"t p2]Zo tf]lsPsf lglZrt Ph]08f k|:t't ug'{eGbf klg cfly{s uf]nd]rsf] nflu k|fyldstfo'Qm cgluGtL Ph]08fx¿ lgSof}{n ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg' xf] .

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