sf7df08f}+, a}zfv @! @)^)

:yflgo ;dfrf/

lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; / ljQLo If]q ;'wf/sf nflu cjnDag ul/Psf sbdx¿

ueg{/, 8f= ltns /fjn

df}lb|s gLltdf ;'wf/

bLuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu d"No l:y/tf, zf]wgfGt/ ;'b[9Ls/0f, ljQLoIf]qsf] :j:ytf / l:y/tf, t/ntfsf] cfk"lt{ cflb p2]Zox¿ xfl;n ug{ cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( sf] df}lb|s gLltsf] d"Nof+sgsf ;fy} cfly{s jif{ @)%(.^) df sfof{Gjog ul/g] df}lb|s gLltsf] :j¿k tyf cf}lrTo / ljQLoIf]q ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;dfj]z u/L rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] nflu df}lb|s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd ldlt @)%( c;f/ #@ df ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . clgjfo{ df}Hbft cg'kftdf @ r/0fdf s6f}tL ul/g] pQm df}lb|s gLltsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ ldlt @)%( ebf} @% b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] clgjfo{ df}Hbft sfod ug'{kg]{ ;fljssf] Joj:yfdf b]xfoadf]lhd kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf /fVg'kg]{ clgjfo{ df}HbftM

-c_ s'n rNtL / art lgIf]k bfloTjsf] & k|ltzt,

-cf_ s'n d'2tL lgIf]k bfloTjsf] $=% k|ltzt,

-v_ cfkm\gf] 9's'6Ldf /fVg'kg]{ gub df}HbftM s'n lgIf]k bfloTjsf] @ k|ltzt .

jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] /fVg'kg]{ gub df}Hbft gk'u ePsf] lgDg s'g} cj:yfdf b]xfocg';f/ xhf{gf nufOg] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf /fVg'kg]{ gub df}Hbft gk'u ePsf] t/ 9's'6Ldf /fVg' kg]{ gub df}Hbft tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] k|ltztdf dfq /x]sf] cj:yfdf gk'u g]kfn /fi6« a}+s df}Hbftdf hl/jfgf nufOg] .

-v_ g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf /fVg'kg]{ df}Hbft gk'u ePsf] t/ a}+ssf] 9's'6L df}Hbftdf tf]lsPsf] k|ltzteGbf a9L df}Hbft ePdf a}+ssf] s'n lgIf]k bfloTjsf] a9Ldf Ps k|ltzt /sd;Dd 9's'6L df}Hbftaf6 g]kfn /fi6« a}+s df}Hbftdf u0fgf u/L tTkZrft\ gk'u g]kfn /fi6« a}+s df}Hbft /sddf hl/jfgf nufOg] .

-u_ cfkm\gf] 9's'6Ldf /fVg'kg]{ df}Hbft klg gk'u ePsf] / g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf /fVg' kg]{ df}Hbft klg gk'u ePsf] cj:yfdf s'ntkm{ gk'u ePhltsf] /sddf hl/jfgf nufOg] .

-3_ cfkm\gf] 9's'6Ldf /fVg'kg]{ df}Hbft gk'u eP tfklg g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf /fVg'kg]{ df}Hbft a9L eO{ s'ndf k'u]sf] cj:yfdf hl/jfgf gnufOg] .

jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf sfo{df Jofj;flostfsf] clej[l4 u/fp"b} n}hfg] p2]Zon] ljkGgju{sf nflu nufgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ oyfjt} sfod /fvL k|fyldstfIf]qdf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] lgb]{lzt shf{sf] ¿kdf k|jfx ug'{kg]{ clgjfo{ shf{sf] cg'kftnfO{ cfly{s jif{ @)%(.^) b]lv b]xfoadf]lhd qmdzM 36fp"b} nuL cfly{s jif{ @)^%.^^ b]lv k|fyldstf If]qdf shf{ nufgL ug{ clgjfo{ gx'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 M

¿U0f pBf]ux¿nfO{ k'g{:yfkgf ug]{ ;/sf/L gLltcg';f/ ¿U0f pBf]ux¿nfO{ ;x'lnotk"0f{ Aofhb/df shf{ k|bfg ug{ k'gs{hf{sf nflu s'n ljlgof]lht /sd ¿= ! ca{ %) s/f]8dWo] xf]6n pBf]usf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] /sd ¿= ^& s/f]8 %) nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] #) j6f xf]6nx¿sf] nflu ljleGg jfl0fHo a}+sx¿dfkm{t\ ¿= $% s/f]8 $! nfv ljtl/t eO;s]sf] 5 . /f]huf/L Pjd\ lgof{t k|j4{g ug]{ lrof v]tLh:tf /fli6«o k|fyldstfk|fKt If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu u|fdL0f :jfjnDag sf]ifdfk{mt\ bL3{sfnLg k""hLsf] Joj:yfsf nflu o; a}+ssf] cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( sf] gfkmfaf6 ¿= !) s/f]8 / To;kl5sf jif{x¿df s'n d'gfkmfsf] % k|ltzt u|fdL0f :jfjnDag sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g] Joj:yfcg'¿k rfn" cfly{s jif{df ¿ !) s/f]8 af"8kmf"8 eO;s]sf] 5 .

ljQLo If]q ;'wf/

ljZj a}+ssf] ljQLoIf]q k|fljlws ;xof]u kl/of]hgf (Financial Sector Technical Assistance Project) cGtu{t g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 / /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf] ;+/rgfTds ;'wf/, g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / a}+lsËk|0ffnLsf] ;Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljleGg sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8df b]vfk/]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;'wf/sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o Vofltk|fKt Joj:yfkg ;d"x lgo'Qm u/L Joj:yfkg s/f/df lbg] qmddf @)%( ;fpg ^ ut]b]lv a}+s ckm :s6n}08 -cfo/n}08_ ln= sf] ICC Consulting sf] Joj:yfkg ;d"xn] pQm a}+ssf] Joj:yfkg s/f/df lnO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{/De u/]sf] 5 . ;f] kmd{sf tkm{af6 Mr. J. Craig McAllister nfO{ pQm a}+ssf] k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] 5 . Mr. McAllister sf] sfo{bndf :jb]zL / ljb]zL lj1x¿ ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . pQm ;d"xsf] ^ dlxgf;Ddsf] sfo{sfnleq ljQLo l:ylt;DaGwL k|ltj]bg, cfly{s jif{ @)%(.^) sf] nflu a}+ssf] ah]6 of]hgf / efjL ;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] Joj:yfkg of]hgf k]z eO{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+s tyf ljZj a}+saf6;d]t :jLs[lt lbO;lsPsf] 5 . pQm Joj:yfkg of]hgf o; a}+sn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu @)%( df3 !$ df ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] 5 . pQm a}+ssf] ;'wf/ sfo{sf ;DaGwdf Joj:yfkg ;d"xn] lj:t[t Human Resource Development Plan k]z ug]{ qmddf /x]sf], a}+ssf] sf/f]af/nfO{ sDKo'6/fOh ug]{ ;DaGwdf sDKo'6/ xf8{j]o/ / ;km\6j]o/ vl/b Pj+ h8fg ug{ Tender cfx\jfg eO;s]sf] / a}+sdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] shf{ gLlt / lgb]{lzsfx¿ th'{df u/L nfu" ul/;s]sf] 5 . To:t}, cfw'lgs shf{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZos ljleGg ljefu, PsfOx¿sf] u7g eO{ tL lgsfox¿n] sfof{/De ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf gof" Joj:yfkg ;d"xn] lgliqmo shf{ sl/a ¿ %) s/f]8 c;"n u/]sf] 5 eg] 7"nf C0fLx¿;"u lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ u/L shf{ c;"nL tyf k'g;{+/rgfsf] nflu cfjZos kxn ul//x]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)%^.%&, @)%&.%* / @)%*.%( sf] lx;fasf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg u/L cfly{s jif{ @)%*.)%( sf] ljQLo ljj/0f;d]t k|sfzg ul/;s]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf] ;DaGwdf pQm a}+ssf] k'g;+{/rgf ug{ lgo'Qm ul/Psf] cd]l/sL kmd{ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu n] ;Demf}tf e+u u/]kl5 gof" Joj:yfkg 5gf}6 ug]{ qmddf @)%( k'; ^ df cd]l/sL gful/s Mr. Bruce ". Henderson nfO{ Chief Executive Officer-CEO sf] ¿kdf lgo'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . Mr. Henderson sf] g]t[Tjdf oxL @)%( df3 @ b]lv :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL k/fdz{bftfx¿n] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;'¿ u/L a}+ssf] ljQLo l:yltsf] d"Nof+sg tyf ;'wf/sf] efjL ¿k/]vf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ .

gof"gof" k|ljlwx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ :jR5 / k|lt:k4f{Tds ljQLoIf]qsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] lgodg Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ug{ ljb]zL k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]u;d]t lnO{ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodg Joj:yf th'{df ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f lgb]{lzsf t}of/ u/L nfu" ul/;lsPsf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;+:yf IOS Partners nfO{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] Re-engineering sf nflu k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yf 5gf}6 u/L @)%( df3 @# df IOS Partners / o; a}+saLr clGtd ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eO{ @)%( kmfu'g !& b]lv of]hgf jdf]lhd NRB Re-Engineering ;DaGwL sfd ;'¿ ul/;lsPsf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] dxTjk"0f{ c+usf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ljQLoIf]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 cufl8 a9fpg gLltut lg0f{o tyf lgb]{zgsf nflu pRr:t/Lo ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] 5 . b]zsf b'O{ 7"nf a}+s g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 / /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+sdf lgo'Qm Joj:yfkg ;d"xsf] sfo{ / k|ult cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ Ps Monitoring and Surveillance Team (M&ST) u7g eO{ pQm bnn] sfof{/De ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] M & ST nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg tyf pRr:t/Lo ;dGjog ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf Ps Monitoring and Surveillance Committee sf] Joj:yf;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

a}+lsËIf]qsf] ;Ifdtf clej[l4 ;DaGwdf lgDg Joj:yfx¿ ul/Psf 5g\ M

-s_ a}+s tyf ljQLoIf]qsf] :yfloTj / cfjZos t/ntf k|j4{g ug{, ;'/lIft, :j:y tyf ;Ifd e'QmfgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ / b]zsf] ;du| a}+lsË tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ;Da4{g u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLk|lt hgljZjf; clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] a}+lsË tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] nflu lgodgsf cfjZos Joj:yfx¿ th'{df eO{ sfof{Gjogdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf nflu hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zgx¿nfO{ cem :ki6 kfg]{ ;Gbe{df ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g ug]{ / cfjZostfcg';f/ ;+zf]wg ug]{ sfo{ lgoldt¿kdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, jfl0fHo a}+s :yfkgf, lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yfx¿df ;d;fdlos ;'wf/ ul/Psf] 5 .

-v_ s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] ¿kdf lgodg, lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udg ug]{ ;+:yf jfl0fHo a}+lsË Joj;fo;DaGwL lg0f{o k|lqmofaf6 cnu /xg pko'Qm x'g] tyf lgodg / ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{df k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ug{ ;d]t @)%( ;fpg ! ut]b]lv jfl0fHo a}+sx¿ / ljsf; a}+ssf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ o; a}+ssf ;+rfnsx¿ lkmtf{ af]nfOPsf] 5 .

-u_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL ljleGg P]gnfO{ PsLs/0f u/L Pp6} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf P]g th'{df ug{ Ps ljw]os d:of}bf tof/ u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/df k]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

-3_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] n]vf /fVg] tyf n]vfk/LIf0f Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{ n]vf gLlt, n]vfk/LIf0f ljlw / n]vf ljj/0fsf ;DaGwdf lgb]{zgx¿ hf/L u/L :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIfsx¿nfO{ ;"rLs[t ug]{ qmddf Jofj;flos n]vfk/LIfsx¿sf] gof" ;"rL agfO{ ;f] ;"rL @)%( ;fpg !% ut] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . h;df æsÆ ju{sf n]vfk/LIfsx¿ &* -h;dWo] JolQm #^ hgf / ;+:yf $@ j6f_ / ævÆ ju{sf n]vfk/LIfsx¿ @* -h;dWo] JolQm !@ / ;+:yf !^ j6f_ /x]sf 5g\ .

-ª_ ;DklQ Joj:yfkg sDkgLsf] :yfkgfsf nflu P]gsf] d:of}bf t}of/ u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/;dIf @)%( k'; !! df k7fO{ ;lsPsf] 5 . o;}u/L ;DklQ Joj:yfkg sDkgLsf] ljlgodfjnL th'{df;DaGwL sfo{ klg eO/x]sf] / k""hLsf] Joj:yfsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/ / g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf cltl/Qm & j6f jfl0fHo a}+sx¿af6 pQm sDkgLdf nufgL ug]{af/] k|ltj4tf ;d]t k|fKt eO;s]sf] 5 .

-r_ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* cGtu{t 5'§} shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| ljlgodfjnL agfO{ nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] ljlgodfjnLcGtu{t g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . To:t}, shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|nfO{ Pp6f 5'§} :jfoQ ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ sDkgL P]gcg';f/ :yfkgf ug{ kxn eO/x]sf] 5 .

-5_ xfn gfkmfdf /x]sf] klZrdf~rn u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8sf] lghLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos kxn eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;~rfng eO/x]sf cGo u|fdL0f a}+sx¿nfO{ kf"r jif{leqdf ljQLo b[li6n] :j;Ifd agfpg] u/L ;a} u|fdL0f a}+sx¿df pTkfbsTj dfkb08 (Productive Norms) nfu" ePsf] 5 eg] nfexfgL kf/laGb' (BEP) df cfpgf;fy ;a} u|fdL0f a}+sx¿ lghLs/0f ub}{ nfg] gLlt cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 .

ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg

g]kfn /fi6« a}+s / lkk'N; a}+s ckm rfOgfaLr @)%( c;f/ # df ;DkGg ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf låkIfLo lx;fa ldnfg / ;xof]usf] ;DaGwdf lgDg Joj:yfx¿ nfu" ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ g]kfn e|d0fdf cfpg] lrlgof" ko{6sx¿af6 lrlgof" d'b|f o'cfg (Yuan) k|rlnt ljlgdob/df vl/b ug{ ;lsg] / o;/L ul/g] vl/b ko{6sx¿af6 ;f]e}m jf Ohfhtk|fKt cGo lgsfox¿ h:t} xf]6]n, 6«fen Ph]G;L, dlgr]~h/ cflb dfk{mt\ klg ug{ ;lsg] .

-v_ rLgsf] emfËd' -vf;f_ l:yt a}+s ckm rfOgfsf] zfvfdf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] o'cfgdf vftf vf]Ng ;Sg] .

-u_ jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] vl/b u/]sf] o'cfg a}+s ckm rfOgfsf] pQm emfËd' zfvfdf hDdf ug{ k7fpg ;lsg] .

-3_ jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f laqmL u/L lrlgof" d'b|f o'cfg vl/b ug{;Sg] / vl/b ul/Psf o'cfg a}+s ckm rfOgfsf] emfËd' -vf;f_ l:yt vftfdf hDdf ug{ ;lsg] .

-ª_ g]kfnL lgof{tstf{x¿n] lrlgof" cfoftstf{x¿af6 k|fKt u/]sf] o'cfg klg jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] a}+s ckm rfOgf emfËd'l:yt pko'{Qm vftfdf hDdf ug{;Sg] .

-r_ rLgaf6 x'g] cfoft e'QmfgLsf] nflu a}+s ckm rfOgfl:yt pQm vftfdf /x]sf] o'cfg k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] .

rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿n] cf–cfkm\gf] nufgLaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfef+z :jb]z n}hfgsf] nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt cfjZos gkg]{, ;DalGwt jfl0fHo a}+sx¿dfk{mt\ ;f]e}m lkmtf{ n}hfg kfpg] ;DaGwdf lgDgcg';f/ sfof{Gjog k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 M

-s_ tYofª\s k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿n] a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9f"rf adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg ;'¿df Ps k6s o; a}+sdf lbg'kg]{ .

-v_ tf]s]sf] 9f"rf adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 To:tf ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿sf] nflu cfjZos ljj/0f v'nfO{ o; a}+saf6 ;DalGwt jfl0fHo a}+ssf] gfddf ;+nUg 9f"rfcg';f/sf] :yfoL ;6xL cg'dltkq pknAw u/fOg] .

-u_ :yfoL ;6xL cg'dltkqsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt jfl0fHo a}+sn] g} nfef+z jfktsf] ;6xL k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] .

-3_ o;/L k|bfg ul/Psf] ;6xLsf] ljj/0f o; a}+snfO{ clgjfo{¿kn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ .

pBf]ux¿n] cfkm"nfO{{ cfjZos kg]{ d]l;g/L tyf sRrfkbfy{ cfoft ubf{ Deferred Payment (Usance Credit) sf] cfwf/df vf]lng] k|lttkqsf] e'QmfgL cjlw a9Ldf ! jif{;Dd sfod ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ljk|]if0f /sdn] b]zsf] cy{tGq tyf ljb]zL ljlgdo ;+lrltdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 cfh{g x'g] ljb]zL ljlgdo a}+lsË k|0ffnLdfk{mt\ :jb]z leq\ofpg Ohfhtk|fKt lgsfox¿nfO{ yk k|f]T;fxg / ;'ljwfjfkt k|rlnt vl/bb/sf cltl/Qm k|ltcd]l/sL 8n/ –.!% -k};f kGw|_ sf] lx;fan] O=k|f= sldzg k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf]] 5 .

o; a}+sn] cfk"m;"u hDdf x'g cfpg] ef/tLo ¿k}of" ef/tLo l/he{ a}+sl:yt o; a}+ssf] vftfdf hDdf ub}{ cfPsf]df pQm a}+sn] ef=¿= !)) b/eGbf a9L b/sf] gf]6 hDdf gug]{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf]n] @)%! ;fpg #! b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ef=¿= %)) b/sf] gf]6 ;6xL ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf ePsf]df xfn ef/tn] !))) b/sf] gf]6;d]t k|rngdf NofPsf] / ;f] b/sf] gf]6sf ;DaGwdf klg pxL Joj:yf nfu" /x]sf]n] @)%( k'; !( ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ef=¿= !))) sf b/sf] gf]6sf] vl/b laqmLdf klg aGb]h nufOPsf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/, u[x dGqfnosf] @)%( df3 @@ ut]sf] ;"rgf adf]lhd Gold Quest gfds ;+:yfn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ljleGg :yfgdf ;+rfng u/L /fv]sf] sf/f]af/ of]hgf (Scheme) u}/sfg"gL ePsf]n] pQm ;+:yf;"u ;DalGwt s'g} klg ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ gug{ / gu/fpg ;DalGwt lgsfox¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbOPsf] 5 .

;/sf/L lwtf]kq tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg

>L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f p7fpg] cfGtl/s C0f Joj:yfkgsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* / /fi6« C0f P]g, @)%( cGtu{t /xL o; a}+sn] ;Dkfbg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;}cg'¿k @)%* r}tb]lv @)%( kmfu'g d;fGt;Dddf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] C0fkqsf] lgisfzg, C0fkqsf] ;f"jf tyf Aofh e'QmfgL / ;/sf/L C0fkqsf] bf];|f] ahf/ ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ cfGtl/s C0f M g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* cg';f/ a}+sn] >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 vl/b u/L cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf lnPsf] C0fkqsf] s'n /sd cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] ;dfof]lht /fh:j cfosf] !) k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g gx'g] k|fjwfg /x] tfklg xfn o:tf] /sd lgwf{l/t ;LdfeGbf a9L /x]sf]n] of] /sdnfO{ ;Ldfleq Nofpg >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

-v_ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] rfn" ah]6sf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sgcg';f/ /fh:j kl/rfng / j}b]lzs cg'bfgaf6 qmdzM ¿= %# ca{ ^) s/f]8 / ¿= ( ca{ @) s/f]8 k|fKt eO{ ¿= @$ ca{ #% s/f]8 Go"g x'g] ;+zf]lwt cg'dfgdWo] ¿= !! ca{ @( s/f]8 j}b]lzs C0f, ¿= !@ ca{ cfGtl/s C0f kl/rfng / ¿= ! ca{ ^ s/f]8 clwljsif{ pkof]u u/L k"/f ul/g] cg'dfg 5 . @)%( r}t d;fGt;Dd ¿= @ ca{ ljsf; C0fkq tyf ¿ !^ s/f]8 ljz]if C0fkqdfkm{t\ hDdf ¿ @ ca{ !^ s/f]8 a}+lsËIf]qaf6 / gful/s artkqdfk{mt\ ¿= #) s/f]8 tyf ljz]if C0fkqdfkm{t\ ¿ @) s/f]8 u/L hDdf ¿ %) s/f]8 u}/a}+lsËIf]qaf6 u/L ;du|df ¿= @ ca{ ^^ s/f]8sf] C0fkq lgisfzg eO;s]sf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] xfn;Ddsf] vr{ k|j[lQ sfod /x]df cfGtl/s C0f ah]6df Joj:yf ePsf] ;Ldfleq /xg] b]lvG5 .

-u_ cfGtl/s C0fsf] ;+/rgf M >L % sf] ;/sf/n] p7fPsf] cfGtl/s C0fdWo] @)%( kmfu'g d;fGt;Dddf ;f"jf e'QmfgL u/L s'n ltg{ af"sL /x]sf] cfGtl/s C0f bfloTj ¿= *! ca{ &) s/f]8 ## nfv dWo] -s_ 6]«h/L lan ¿= $& ca{ $* nfv, -v_ ljsf; C0fkq ¿= !# ca{ ( s/f]8 & nfv, -u_ /fli6«o artkq ¿= !! ca{ @% s/f]8 (* nfv, -3_ gful/s artkq ¿= (# s/f]8 !! nfv / -ª_ ljz]if C0fkq -cfO{=Pd=Pkm= k|f]ld;/L gf]6;d]t u/L_ ¿= ( ca{ $! s/f]8 ^( nfv /x]sf] 5 . o;aLr >L % sf] ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fi6« a}+s;"u /fv]sf] df}Hbft ¿= ! ca{ $# nfv *^ xhf/ ;dfof]hg ubf{ v'b cfGtl/s C0f bfloTj ¿= *) ca{ @^ s/f]8 $& nfv x'g cfp"5 .

-3_ C0fkqsf] ;f"jf tyf Aofh e'QmfgL M >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f lgisflzt C0fkqx¿dWo] @)%* r}tb]lv @)%( kmfu'g d;fGtleq e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ bfloTj ePsf] ;f"jf /sddWo] hDdf ¿ ! ca{ ^! s/f]8 ^$ nfv / Aofh afkt ¿ @ ca{ % s/f]8 @^ nfv u/L hDdf ¿ # ca{ ^^ s/f]8 () nfv >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 k|fKt u/L ljleGg JolQm, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ e'QmfgL lbOPsf] 5 .

-ª_ 6]«h/L ljnsf] bf];|f] ahf/ sf/f]af/ M cy{tGqdf t/ntf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;/sf/L C0fkqsf] bf];|f] ahf/ ljsf;df hf]8 lbOPcg'¿k o; cjlwdf bf];|f] ahf/sf] sf/f]jf/df pNn]vgLo j[l4 ePsf] 5 . xfn bf];|f] ahf/df Repo, Outright Sale, Outright Purchase / Tap Sale pks/0fx¿ k|of]u eO/x]sf 5g\ . @)%* r}tb]lv @)%( kmfu'g d;fGt;Dddf Repo cGtu{t ¿ $% ca{ (# s/f]8 (^ nfv, Outright Sale cGtu{t ¿ %! ca{ && s/f]8 (# nfv, Outright Purchase cGtu{t ¿ @) ca{ ! s/f]8 *& nfv / Tap Sale cGtu{t ¿ % ca{ $& s/f]8 u/L hDdf ¿= ! va{ @# ca{ @) s/f]8 &^ nfvsf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 .

-r_ ahf/ lgdf{tfsf] nflu O{hfht k|bfg M ;/sf/L C0fkqx¿dWo] ljsf; C0fkq, /fli6«o artkq / gful/s artkq vl/bstf{x¿sf] nflu bf];|f] ahf/sf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg tyf To:tf C0fkqx¿sf] t/ntf / ahf/ k|uf9tf j[l4 u/L ljQLo ahf/sf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] cfly{s jif{ @)%(.^) sf] nflu hDdf #% jfl0fHo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ tf]lsPsf zt{x¿ kfngf ug]{ u/L ahf/ lgdf{tfsf] O{hfht k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;dWo] * j6f ahf/ lgdf{tfx¿ pkTosf aflx/ /xL sf/f]af/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ljutsf jif{x¿df ljQ sDkgLx¿nfO{ dfq ahf/ lgdf{tfsf] O{hfht k|bfg ul/+b} cfOPsf]df o; cfly{s jif{b]lv jfl0fHo a}+s tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ;d]t ahf/ lgdf{tfsf] O{hfht k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

-5_ Ps jif]{ 6«]h/L lansf] sf/f]af/M xfn;Dd o; a}+sn] bf];|f] ahf/dfk{mt Repo, Outright Sale, Outright Purchase / Tap Sale sf] dfWodåf/f &* b]lv (! lbg;Dd cjlwsf 6]«h/L lanx¿sf] dfq sf/f]af/ ub}{ cfPsf]df a}+ssf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf #^$ lbg] 6]«h/L lanx¿ klg af"sL /x]sf] cjlwsf] nflu ahf/df laqmL ug]{ sfo{ l5§} k|f/De ul/g] ePsf] 5 . o; Joj:yfaf6 ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ t/ntf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug hfg]5 .

jfl0fHo a}+s :yfkgf;DaGwL Joj:yf

jfl0fHo a}+s :yfkgfsf nflu cfj]bg lng] sfd @)%@ ;fnb]lv /f]lsPsf]df gof" jfl0fHo a}+s :yfkgfsf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] gof" gLltut Joj:yf @)%( h]7 @ ut] ;fj{hlgs ul/;lsPsf] 5 M

-s_ /fli6«o :t/df vf]lng] gof" jfl0fHo a}+ssf] lglDt r'Qmf k""hL Ps ca{ ¿k}of" x'g'kg]{ .

-v_ ljb]zL a}+s / ljQLo ;+:yf;"u ;+o'Qm nufgLdf cfPdf jf To:tf ;+:yf;"u slDtdf tLg jif{sf] Joj:yfkg s/f/ (Technical Service Agreement-TSA) u/]df dfq sf7df8f}+df sfof{no /xg] u/L /fli6«o:t/sf] a}+s vf]Ng lbOg] .

-u_ jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] z]o/k""hL ;fdfGotof &) k|ltzt ;+:yfksx¿n] lng kfpg] / #) k|ltzt ;j{;fwf/0fdf laqmL ug'{kg]{ . /fli6«o:t/df vf]lng] a}+ssf] lglDt ljb]zL a}+sx¿n] clwstd ^& k|ltzt;Dd z]o/ nufgL ug{ kfpg] . ;fy}, ljb]zL a}+sx¿n] /fli6«o:t/df vf]lng] a}+sx¿sf] s'n z]o/ k""hLsf] slDtdf %) k|ltzt z]o/ lng] ePdf g]kfnL ;+:yfksx¿nfO{ oy]i7 nufgL ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug{ s'n z]o/ k""hLsf] @) k|ltzt z]o/ dfq ;j{;fwf/0fdf laqmL ug'{kg]{ cflb Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

-3_ o;eGbf cufl8 ;+rfngdf cfO;s]sf tyf ;+rfngsf nflu ;xdltkq k|fKt u/]sf a}+sx¿n] @)^^ cf;f/ d;fGt;Dddf o; Joj:yfcg'¿k k""hL k'¥ofpg' kg]{ / o;/L k""hL j[l4 ubf{ r'Qmf k""hL k|ltjif{ Go"gtd bz k|ltztsf b/n] j[l4 ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ h:tf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

ljsf; a}+stkm{sf ultljlw / gLltut Joj:yf

xfn;Dd g]kfn clw/fHosf ( lhNnfdf @! ljsf; a}+sx¿ ;+rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ . oLdWo] g]kfn cf}Bf]]lus ljsf; lgud g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud P]g, @)!^ cGtu{t / s[lif ljsf; a}+s s[lif ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)@$ cGtu{t :yfkgf ePsf / ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@ cGtu{t af"sL !( ljsf; a}+sx¿ :yfkgf eO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@ cGtu{t :yfkgf ePsf ljsf; a}+sx¿dWo] n3'ljQ s/f]af/ ug]{ !! / cGo * a}+sx¿ ;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . oLdWo] /fli6«o:t/sf # ljsf; a}+sx¿ 5g\ eg] af"sL % ljsf; a}]+sx¿ lhNnf:t/df :yfkgf eO{ ;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . gof" ljsf; a}+s :yfkgf ;DaGwdf klZrdf~rn ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8, a'6jn xfn;fn} :yflkt ePsf] 5 eg] s0ff{nL ljsf; a}+s, g]kfnu~h / ;xof]uL ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8, hgsk'/nfO{ ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

ljsf; a}+sx¿nfO{ lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ ;DaGwdf @)%( c;f/df ljsf; a}+sx¿sf cWoIf tyf dxfk|jGws:t/Lo cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/L k|fKt ;'emfj / 5nkmnsf qmddf cf}+NofOPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ dWogh/ u/L @)%( df3 ( b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ljsf; a}+s -n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+s afx]s_ sf nflu lgDgcg';f/sf] lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ r'Qmf k"\"hL M gof" :yfkgf x'g] ljsf; a}+sx¿n] sfo{If]qcg';f/ b]xfo adf]lhd Go"gtd r'Qmf k""hL sfod ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5M

-c_ /fli6«o:t/df sfo{If]q /xg] u/L :yfkgf x'g] ljsf; a}+sx¿sf] Go"gtd r'Qmfk""hL ¿= #@ s/f]8 x'g'kg]{,

-cf_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf afx]s ef}uf]lnsIf]q hf]l8Psf $ b]lv !) lhNnf;Ddsf] sfo{If]q x'g]u/L :yfkgf x'g] ljsf; a}+sx¿sf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k""hL ¿= % s/f]8 x'g'kg]{,

-O_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf afx]s ef}uf]lns If]q hf]l8Psf ! b]lv # lhNnf;Ddsf] sfo{If]q x'g] u/L :yfkgf x'g] ljsf; a}+sx¿sf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k""hL ¿= @ s/f]8 x'g'kg]{,

-O{_ o; cl3 :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf ljsf; a}+sx¿n] @)^^ ;fn;Dddf dfly pNn]v ePcg';f/sf] r'Qmfk""hL k'¥ofpg' kg]{ .

-v_ Go"gtd k""hLsf]if Joj:yfM a}+sn] k|fylds k""hLsf]if / s'n k""hLsf]if rfn" cfly{s jif{df cfkm\gf] hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] qmdzM Go"gtd % k|ltzt tyf !) k|ltzt / cfly{s jif{ @)^!.^@ b]lv Go"gtd ^ k|ltzt / !@ k|ltztsf b/n] v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-u_ ljQLo ;|f]t tyf ;fwg ;+sng Joj:yf M a}+sn] cfkm\gf] s'n k|fylds k""hLsf]ifsf] a9Ldf !% u'0ff;Dd ljQLo ;|f]t tyf ;fwg ;+sng ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

-3_ clgjfo{ df}Hbft / t/n ;DklQ Joj:yf M a}+sn] cfkm\gf] s'n lgIf]k tyf ;fk6L bfloTjsf] slDtdf ! k|ltzt g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf clgjfo{ df}Hbft sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . To:t} s'n lgIf]k tyf ;fk6L bfloTjsf] slDtdf & k|ltzt t/n ;DklQ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .

-ª_ shf{ juL{s/0f tyf gf]S;fgL Joj:yf M a}+såf/f k|jflxt ;Dk"0f{ af"sL shf{ tyf ;fk6LnfO{ k|To]s cw{jflif{s¿kdf c;n, sd;n, z+sf:kb / v/fa u/L rf/ efudf ljefhg u/L qmdzM ! k|ltzt, !) k|ltzt, %) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltztn] shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .

-r_ k|ltu|fxs shf{ ;'ljwf tyf ;Ldf M ljsf; a}+sn] Pp6} JolQm, kmd{, ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf sDkgL / Pp6} ;d"xsf] sDkgLnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] shf{ tyf ;fk6 ;'ljwf fund based ePdf @% k|ltzt / non-fund based eP %) k|ltzt ;Ldf tf]lsPsf] 5 . t/ ;/sf/L C0fkq, g]kfn /fi6« a}+s C0fkq tyf a}+ssf] cfkm\gf] d'2tL lgIf]ksf] /l;bsf] lwtf]df ;f] lwtf]n] vfDg] u/L k|bfg u/]sf] shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] xsdf ;Ldfsf] aGb]h 5'6 ul/Psf] 5 .

ljQ sDkgLtk{msf ultljlw / gLltut Joj:yf

@)%( kmfu'g d;fGt;Dddf ljQ sDkgL P]g, @)$@ cGtu{t ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtk|fKt ljQ sDkgLx¿sf] ;+Vof %% k'u]sf] 5 . @)%( j}zfvb]lv @)%( kmfu'g d;fGt;Ddsf] cjlwdf yk # ljQ sDkgLx¿nfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . @)%( h]7 @& df u'x]Zj/L dr]{G6 a}+lsË lnld6]8, nlntk'/nfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . pQm sDkgLsf] clws[tk""hL ¿ $ s/f]8 / hf/Lk""hL ¿ @ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . o;/L g} @)%( c;f/ $ df kf6g kmfOgfG; lnld6]8, nlntk'/nfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 / pQm sDkgLsf] clws[tk""hL ¿ ^ s/f]8 / hf/Lk""hL ¿ # s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . lqmi6 kmfOgfG; lnld6]8 sf7df8f}+nfO{ @)%( df3 @@ df ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sDkgLsf] clws[t k""hL ¿ ( s/f]8 / hf/L k""hL ¿ % s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . oL # j6} ljQ sDkgLx¿ ;+rfngdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ .

o; a}+saf6 ljQLo ;+:yf Pj+ ljQLo ;]jfnfO{ ;do;fk]If, ;'Jojl:yt, kf/bzL{, ;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ agfpg ;do;dodf gLlt lgb]{zgx¿df kl/dfh{g÷;+zf]wg x'"b} cfPsf 5g\ . ljQLo ;"rgf Pj+ ljj/0f a9L :ki6 / kf/bzL{ agfpg cfjZostfcg';f/ g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* / ljQ sDkgL P]g, @)$@ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 ljQ sDkgLx¿nfO{ hf/L ePsf] lgb]{zg, @)%* ;d;fdlos ¿kdf kl/dfh{g u/L @)%( ;fpgb]lv sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 . To:t} gof" :yfkgf x'g] ljQ sDkgLx¿sf nflu gof" gLltut Joj:Yff;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . gof" gLltut Joj:Yffn] Go"gtd r'Qmfk""hL, r'Qmfk""hL lgAof{hL ¿kdf hDdf ug'{kg]{, ;+:yfks÷;+rfnsx¿sf] of]Uotf Pj+ cg'ej Pj+ lgj]bg pk/ sf/afxL eO;Sg'kg]{ cjlwsf ;DjGwdf ;d]t :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

gof" gLltut Joj:Yffcg';f/ Go"gtd r'Qmfk""hL ;DaGwdf ljQ sDkgL P]gdf pNn]lvt ;a} lsl;dsf ljQLo sf/f]af/ -lnlhË kmfOgfG;;d]t_ ug]{ /fli6«o:t/sf] ljQ sDkgLx¿sf] xsdf Go"gtd r'Qmfk""hL ¿ !% s/f]8 x'g'kg]{, lnlhË kmfOgfG; afx]s cGo ;a} lsl;dsf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ /fli6«o :t/sf] ljQ sDkgLx¿sf] Go"gtd r'Qmfk""hL ¿ % s/f]8 x'g'kg]{, tyf sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/ k"jf{~rn, dWodf~rn / klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qsf lhNnfx¿dWo] s'g} Ps lhNnfleq dfq ;Lldt /xg] u/L lnlhË kmfOgfG; afx]s cGo ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ ljQ sDkgLsf] Go"gtd r'Qmfk""hL ¿ @ s/f]8 x'g'kg]{ lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}, ljQ sDkgLx¿n] g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 Ohfht k|fKt s'g} klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] z]o/df nufgL ug{ gkfpg] lgb]{zg klg hf/L ePsf] 5 .

n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+stk{msf ultljlw / gLltut Joj:yf

ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@ cGtu{t :yfkgf ePsf ljsf; a}+sx¿dWo] % If]qLo:t/sf u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+s, $ lghLIf]qaf6 ;+rflnt n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+s -lgw{g, l8k|f]S;, l5d]s / :jfjnDjg_ / @ /fli6«o:t/sf] yf]s shf{ pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zo lnO{ :yfkgf ePsf u|fdL0f n3'ljQ ljsf; s]Gb| (RMDC) / ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s u/L !! n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+sx¿n] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ub]{ cfPsf 5g\ .

n3'ljQsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ljsf; a}+snfO{ gof" lgodgsf] Joj:yf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . If]qLo:t/df ;]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+s tyf lghLIf]qsf] ;xeflutfdf v'n]sf u|fdL0f cg';/0fstf{sf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{ :jfjnDag ljsf; a}+s, l8k|f]S; ljsf; a}+s, l5d]s ljsf; a}+s / lgw{g ljsf; a}+snfO{ o:tf] lgb]{zg o;} cfly{s jif{b]lv hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . o;} cfly{s jif{b]lv gof" lgodg Joj:yfcg'¿k oL ljsf; a}+sn] klg tf]lsPsf] cg'kftdf k""hLsf]if k'¥ofpg' kg]{, Go"gtd gub df}Hbft /fVg'kg]{, t/ntfsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, ljQLo ;|f]t ;+sng ;Ldfleq /xL ug'{kg]{, zfvf lj:tf/ tf]lsPsf] ef}uf]lns If]qleq a}+s :jod\n] ug{;Sg], ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{kg]{, n3'Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ ;d"xsf k|lt;b:onfO{ ¿= #) xhf/;Dd shf{ pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] / n3'pBd ;+rfng ug{ lwtf] lnO{ k|ltpBdL ¿=! nfv;Ddsf] shf{ ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . k|fyldstf If]]q shf{nfO{ lj:yflkt ug]{ n3'ljQsf] sfd ug]{ ljsf; a}+ssf] ;+VofnfO{ j[l4 ug'{kg]{ jt{dfg ;Gbe{df To:tf a}+s :yfkgfdf lghLIf]qsf] ;+nUgtf clej[l4 ug{ gof" Ohfht gLlt k|sfzdf NofOPsf] 5 . o;cg';f/ /fli6«o:t/sf] a}+s :yfkgf ug'{ k/]df Go"gtd r'Qmfk""hL ¿=!) s/f]8, $ b]lv !) lhNnf;Ddsf] sfo{If]q ePsf] a}+snfO{ ¿= % s/f]8 / ! b]lv # lhNnf;Ddsf] sfo{If]q ePsf] a}+ssf] nflu ¿= ! s/f]8 r'Qmf k"ËhLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿

ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)%% nfu" ePkl5 n3'shf{sf] sfd ug{sf] nflu cg'dltkq k|fKt ug{ lgj]bg lbg] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd o; a}+saf6 cg'dlt k|fKt o:tf ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+Vof #* k'lu;s]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f Pjd\ zx/LIf]qsf ljkGg ju{sf hgtfnfO{ ;fd"lxs hdfgtsf cfwf/df k|ltJolQm -;d"x ;b:o_ #) xhf/ ¿k}of";Dd shf{ lbg ;Sg] o:tf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ Go"g cfo jf ljkGg JolQmsf] nflu lgs} pkof]uL ;flat ePsf 5g\ . ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)%% df ;+zf]wg eO{ nfu" eO;s]sf]n] o; a}+saf6 cg'dltkq k|fKt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ;d"x ;b:ox¿af6 lgIf]k ;+sng;d]t ug{;Sg] ePsf]n] o:tf ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg' cfjZos ePsf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ o;} cfly{s jif{leq ljQLo dWo:ytf lgodfjnL, @)%^ df ;d;fdlos ;+zf]wg u/L nfu" ul/g] sfo{qmd 5 . ;fy} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug{ cg'dltkq lbg] ;DaGwdf ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd k""hL slDtdf ¿= ! nfv x'g'kg]{, sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df slDtdf %)) hgf / cGo lhNnfx¿df slDtdf #)) hgf ;d"x ;b:o ;+Vof x'g'kg]{ / ;f]dWo] %) k|ltzt dlxnf x'g'kg]{nufot k|aGw ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] of]Uotf / ;+:yf btf{sf nflu lbOg] k|fyldstfsf cfwf/ cflb ;DaGwdf gLltut Joj:yf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .

;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿

g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 ;Lldt a}lsË sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[t k|fKt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ -;fgf ls;fg ;+:yf afx]s_ o;} cfly{s jif{b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L gof" lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . ;Lldt a}lsË sf/f]af/ ug{ o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zgaf6 o:tf ;+:yfsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ dof{lbt, ;'Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft x'g]5 eGg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L P]gcGtu{t ;~rflnt ljQLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] lg/LIf0f / ;'kl/j]If0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] lgsfo gePsf] t/ ljut s]xL jif{otf oL ;+:yfx¿sf] tLa| lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] ;DaGwdf oL ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f / ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ Pp6f 5'§} lgsfosf] Joj:yf x'g' h¿/L 5 . rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s gLlt / sfo{qmddf pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ o; a}+ssf] :jLs[ltdf xfn ;+rfngdf /x]sf o:tf ;+:yfx¿ qmdzM ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s / ;xsf/L ljsf; a}+snfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . cfufdL lbgx¿df gof" ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{ a}+saf6 Ohfht glbg] gLlt cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . ljQLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] gof" lgodgdf b]xfosf Joj:yfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ M 

-s_ z]o/ k""hL;DaGwL Joj:yfM dxfgu/kflnsf /x]sf] lhNnfdf sfof{no /x]sf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd z]o/k""hL ¿= ! s/f]8, pkdxfgu/kflnsf /x]sf] lhNnfdf sfof{no /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k""hL ¿= %) nfv, gu/kflnsf /x]sf] lhNnfdf sfof{no /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k""hL ¿= @% nfv, gu/kflnsf g/x]sf lhNnfdf sfof{no /x]sf ;+:yfsf] ¿= !) nfv z]o/ k""hL k'¥ofpg' kg]{ tyf Ps lhNnfeGbf a9L lhNnfdf sf/f]af/ /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] cfly{s jif{ @)^!.^@ leq cfkm\gf] sf/f]af/nfO{ Ps} lhNnfdf ;Lldt ug'{kg]{,

-v_ Go"gtd k""hLsf]if Joj:yfM ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] cfwf/df cfly{s jif{ @)%(.^) sf nflu ( k|ltzt / cfly{s jif{ @)^).^! b]lv !) k|ltzt Go"gtd k""hLsf]if v8f ug'{kg]{ .

-u_ ljQLo ;fwg ;+sng Joj:yfM ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] k|fylds k""hLsf] !) u'0ff;Dd ljQLo ;|f]t tyf ;fwg ;+sng ug{ ;Sg] .

-3_ clgjfo{ df}Hbft / t/n ;DklQ Joj:yfM ;+:yfn] s'n lgIf]k / ;fk6Lsf]ifsf] slDtdf ! k|ltzt clgjfo{ df}Hbft g]kfn /fi6« a}+s jf Ohfht k|fKt a}+sdf /fVg ;Sg] 5g\ . ;fy} ;+:yfn] s'n lgIf]k bfloTjsf] slDtdf & k|ltzt t/n ;DklQ /fVg'kg]{ .

-ª_ k|lt;b:o shf{ ;LdfM ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ;b:o jf lghsf Psf3/sf kl/jf/ ;b:onfO{ klxnf] k6snfO{ cfkm\gf] k|fylds k""hLsf] % k|ltzt;Dd, bf];|f] k6ssf] nflu !) k|ltzt / t];|f] k6ssf] nflu @) k|ltzt;Dd shf{ lbg;Sg] .

-r_ shf{ juL{s/0f / shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yfM ;+:yfåf/f k|jflxt ;Dk"0f{ af"sL shf{ tyf ;fk6nfO{ cw{jflif{s ¿kdf c;n, sd;n, ;+sf:kb / v/fa u/L $ efudf juL{s/0f u/L ;f]sf] nflu qmdzM ! k|ltzt, @% k|ltzt, %) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ .

-5_ nufgL;DaGwL Joj:yfM nufgL gLlt tyf ljlw ;+rfns ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt u/fO{ nfu" ug{'kg]{, ;/sf/L C0fkq / g]kfn /fi6« a}+s C0fkqdf nufgL ug]{ aGb]h gnfOPsf] / Ps ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] csf]{ k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;++:yfsf] z]o/ lng jf ;b:o x'g gkfOg] .

-h_ ;+:yfut ;'zf;g Joj:yfM ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;Grfnssf] of]Uotf, ltgsf] st{Jo / pQ/bfloTjaf/] ;d]t lgb]{zgx¿ lbOPsf]5 . To:t} u/L ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm, lghsf] cfr/0f, sd{rf/Ln] kfng ug'{kg]{ cfr/0fsf] Joj:yf ;DaGwdf ;d]t lgb]{zg lbOPsf] 5 .

-em_ Aofhb/ lgwf{/0f Joj:yfM lgIf]kdf lbg] / shf{ ;fk6df lng] Aofhb/ ;+:yf cfkm}+n] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 / Aofhb/sf] cGt/ (Spread) ;DaGwL lgb]{zg x6fOPsf] 5 .

-ueg{/ 8f=/fjnn] g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] $* cf}" jflif{sf]T;jdf lbg'ePsf] dGtJoaf6— ;+=_

km"nsf] Jofkf/ aGb}5 ckf/

k|bLk kf]v/]n

rf/jif{ cufl8b]lv km"nsf] Jofkf/df cfp"bf pgsf] dgdf 8/ lyof] . vfg k'Ug] hflu/ r6Ss 5f]8]/ cfPsf kbd v8\sf xftd'v hf]8\g o;n] k'¥ofp"5 ls k'¥ofp"b}g eGg]df 9'Ss lyPgg\ . t/, pgn] cf"6] / sfd klg yfn] . clxn] eg] pgL ;Gt'i6 5g\ . pgL eG5g\– ækm"n lbg k|ltlbg dx"uf] aGb} 5, t/ lsGg] dfG5]x¿sf] dfu klg lgSs} a9]sf] 5 . dlxgfdf Psnfvsf] km"nsf] Jofkf/ cfkm"n] ug]{ u/]sf] / o;af6 cfkm"nfO{ !@ b]lv !% xhf/;Dd 3/ef8f lt/]/ klg kmfObf x'g] u/]sf] 5 .Æ v8\sfn] clxn] $) j6f hftsf km"nsf] Jofkf/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pgn] oL km"nx¿ !) b]lv !@ hgf hlt km"n s[ifsx¿af6 lng] u/]sf 5g\ . ptf csf{ km"nsf Jofkf/L ;'lgn tdfªsf] eg] pkTosfdf dfq $ j6f k;nx¿ 5g\ . pgn] km"n Jofkf/af6 s]xLnfO{ hflu/;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . tdfªsf] km"n k;ndf sfo{/t ;"o{axfb'/ 3n] eG5g\– æxfdL;"u !@ y/Lsf km"nx¿ dfq 5g\ . t/, xfdL dfl;s krf; xhf/ hltsf] km"nsf] Jofkf/ ug]{ u5f}+ / o;af6 kRrL; k|ltzt kmfObf x'g] u/]sf] 5 .Æ xfdLn] dfl;s kf"r xhf/ tna /sd kfp"5f}+Æ 3nn] eg] . x/]s km"n k;ndf b'O{hgf sfd ug]{ dflg; /flvPsf] 5 . lxhf];Dd uf]bfjf/L, sLlt{k'/ / lqk'/]Zj/df dflg;x¿n] km"nsf] v]tL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . r}tb]lv cf;f]h;Dd oL km"n Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ g]kfndf g} pTkfbg ePsf] km"nn] k'Ug] u/]sf] 5 eg] c;f]h k5fl8 eg] km"n vf]Hgsf nflu ef/tsf] ahf/ ;Dd k'Ug'kg]{ afWotf /x"b} cfPsf] 5 .

hf8f] dlxgfdf g]kfndf km"nsf] pTkfbgdf sdL cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . clxn] ;a}eGbf a9L /ftf] u'nfkmsf] dfu /x]sf] tL Jofkf/Lx¿n] atfP . clxn] km"nsf] ahf/df cls{8, lnnL, 6'lnk cToGt} dx"uf] dflgG5 . logLx¿nfO{ qmdzM rfnL;, k}tL; / krxQ/ ¿k}of" k|ltuf]6f kg]{ u/]sf] 5 eg] ;a}eGbf ;:tf] km"ndf c;kmL{ km"n /x]sf] h;nfO{ k|ltuf]6f tLg ¿k}of" kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . sltko s[ifs tyf km"n pBdLx¿nfO{ kfgL cdnfnfO{ klg km"nsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/G5 eGg] yfxf gxf]nf, t/ lxhf]cfh x/]s km"n k;ndf kfgLcdnf rflxg] u/]sf] 5 . km"nsf] a'sL agfp"bf kfgL cdnfsf] 8G8L xflng] u/]sf] 5 . kfgL cdnfsf] xl/of] kftn] km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{ g} a9fpg] bfaL k;n]x¿sf] 5 . pQm 808LnfO{ k|ltuf]6f aL; k};f kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . ufp"3/lt/ kfgL cdnfsf] kftnfO{ ufO{a:t'nfO{ 3f";sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . To:t}, w'kL, ;Nnf]nfO{;d]t km"nsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/b}" cfpg yflnPsf] 5 . km"n Jofkf/Lx¿n] Joj;flostf klg NofPsf 5g\ . ljz]if pT;jx¿df pgLx¿ km"nsf] dfnf a]R5g\ . km"nsf] dfnfnfO{ tL; ¿k}of"b]lv lnP/ !@ b]lv !% ;o;Dd kg]{ u/]sf] kbd v8\sf atfp"5g\ . vf;u/L nIdLk"hfdf o:tf dfnfsf] clws dfu x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ogLx¿n] clxn] ljjfxsf nflu b"af]sf] dfnf klg agfp"5g\ . h;nfO{ !@ b]lv !% ;o;Dd kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . km"n Jofkf/ ;a}eGbf a9L aGbsf] a]nfdf k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] laqmL rflx+ rf8kj{, 7"nf–7"nf dflg;x¿sf] d[To', hGd hoGtL cflbsf] a]nfdf vkt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . slxn]sfxL" t km"nx¿ dfu cg';f/ k'¥ofpg g;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] v8\sf atfp"5g\ .

xfn pkTosfdf dfq rfnL;b]lv lnP/ krf;sf] ;+Vofdf km"nsf k;nx¿ v'ln;s]sf 5g\ . clxn] km"n /fVg] rng xf]6n, /]:6'/]i6 / 7"nf wgL dflg;x¿sf nflu 3/ ;emfpg ;d]t k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] 5 . clxn] eO/x]sf] km"nsf] dfunfO{ Jofkf/Lx¿n] ef/t, Jofª\nf]/ / lbNnLaf6 s]xL NofP/ klg k"lt{ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ eg] slxn]sfxL" yfONof08af6 ;d]t NofOg] ul/Psf] 5 . km"n Jofkf/Lx¿n] km"n lsGbfsf] eGbf a]Rbf bf]Aa/ lng] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;a}eGbf a9L dfu /x]sf] u'nfasf] km"n ¿= kf"rdf lsg]/ b;df a]Rg] u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} clxn] km"n Eofn]G6fOg 8]df lgSs} laqmL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;eGbf k/ uP/ klg l6gPhsf s]6fs]6Ln] km"n a9L dg k/fpg] / ;f]vsf ;fy} s]6f / s]6LaLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGwsf nflu lbg] ;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} s;}sf] ljbfO ug{ k/]df, r9fpg'k/]df;d]t km"n ckl/xfo{ h:t} ag]sf] 5 .

otf k|fs[lts km"nsf] dfu a9]kl5 s[ltd km"n a]Rg] k;n]x¿sf] Jofkf/df eg] lbg k|ltlbg lu/fa6 cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . s[ltd km"nsf] Jofkf/ u/L a:g] afg]Zj/sf Jofkf/L /fh]Gb| >]i7 eG5g\– æb'O{ jif{;Dd lgs} /fd|f] lyof] cfhef]ln Tolt laqmL x'"b}g . cfh ltg{ / vfg;Dd wfg]sf] 5 .Æ t/, k|fs[lts km"nsf] Jofkf/ eg] pkTosf aflx/ klg 7"nf ;x/ ahf/df lj:tf/ x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 .

w/fgdf pkef]Qmf sf8{ ck'u

k/z' >]i7

w/fg . d§Lt]n pkef]Qmfx¿sf lglDt g]kfn cfon lgudn] clw/fHoe/ ljt/0f u/]sf] sf8{ w/fgdf ck'u ePsf] sf/0f ljt/0f ug{df sl7gfO pTkGg ePsf] hfgsf/L w/fg gu/kflnsfn] lbPsf] 5 .

w/fg gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|fKt % xhf/ % ;o pkef]Qmf sf8{ hg;+Vofsf] cg'kft cg';f/ ;a} j8f sfof{nox¿df bfdf;fxLn] 5'6\ofP/ k7fO;lsPsf] ePklg j8f sfof{nox¿af6 sf8{ ck'u ePsf] u'gf;f] gu/kflnsfdf cfpg yfn]sf] w/fg gu/kflnsfsf ;"rgf clws[t u0f]z vltj8fn] atfpg'eof] . pxf"sf cg';f/ j8f g+= & / !@ af6 tL j8fx¿df /x]sf pkef]Qmfsf] k"0f{ ;+Vof cg';f/sf] sf8{ gk7fP ljt/0f ug{ g;lsg] eGg] ;j{bnLo a}7ssf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk gu/kflnsfdf cfPsf] 5 .

w/fg gu/kflnsfdf clxn] @) xhf/ 3/w'/Lsf lglDt @% xhf/eGbf a9L pkef]Qmf sf8{sf] h¿/t kg]{ hfgsf/L lb+b} vltj8f eGg'x'G5– æo;cl3 g} gu/kflnsfn] 5kfPsf] @) xhf/ sf8{n] dfGotf kfPb]lv of] ;d:of x6\g] lyof] .Æ sf8{ ljt/0fdf hg;+Vof cg';f/sf] cg'kflts k|0ffnL gckgfOPsf] cf/f]k pxf"n] nufpg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfn cfon lgudn] w/fg, O6x/L / Og¿jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ a/fa/ pkef]Qmf sf8{ k7fPsf] 5, hals w/fg gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof oL tLgdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . pxf" eGg'x'G5 . sf8{ ck'u ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fp"b} gu/kflnsfn] yk b; xhf/ sf8{sf] dfu u/L ut cfOtaf/ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf Ps kq k7fO;s]sf] 5 .

ptf w/fg gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg SofDk;x¿df cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf lglDt % ;o sf8{ cfPsf]df lk08]Zj/ SofDk; / xfQL;f/ SofDk;sf lglDt @ ;o sf8{ k7fOPsf] hfgsf/L gu/kflnsf ;"qn] lbPsf] 5 . tL SofDk;x¿df k'u];Dd af"8\b} ug]{ / gk'u] lhNnfdf yk dfu ug]{ gLlt gu/kflnsfn] lnPsf] 5 . dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;sf k|d'v n8\8"k|;fb zfxLn] eg] ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ k'Ug] sf8{ kfPdf dfq ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] hjfkm gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbg'ePsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .

hgsk'/ /]Nj]df nfvf}+sf] e|i6frf/, d'2f bf}8fxfdf

sdn ;fx

hgsk'/wfd . hgsk'/ /]Nj]df nfvf}+sf] e|i6frf/ ePsf] bfaL;lxt bf}8fxf / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf Ps;fy ph'/L kg{ uPsf] 5 .

hgsk'/ /]Nj]sf sf=d'= dxfk|jGws bL3{gfy /]UdLn] :yfgLo ahf/ jf g]kfnsf 5fkfvfgfx¿af6 sf]6]zg glnO{ ef/tsf] hogu/df ¿= !@ nfvsf] 5kfO u/fPsf 5g\ . o;n] /]Nj]nfO{ Jooef/ dfq ylkPsf] 5 . o;df nueu cfwfhlt kf"r nfv a/fa/sf] /sd a9L Jooef/ agfOPsf]n] To;df e|i6frf/ ePsf] cg'dfg sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 5 . To:t} ef/t ;/sf/n] lbPsf] l8h]n OGhgsf] x]8 k6s–k6s dd{t u/]/ Nofp"bf a9Ldf cf7 xhf/ kg]{ u/]sf] lyof], t/ sf7df8f}"sf] ;'lgs OG6/k|fOh]haf6 ! nfv @% xhf/df dd{t ug{ lbOPsf] lyof] . ef/tsf] d'hkm\km/k'/df /]Nj] OGhg lgdf{tf sldG;sf] cyf]/fOh l8n/ ck/ ljxf/ /x]5 . Toxf" 8]8 dd{t u/fp"bf cf7 xhf/ dfq vr{ ePsf]nfO{ aLndf Ps nfv kRrL; xhf/ b]vfOPsf]n] Ps nfv ;q xhf/sf] e|i6frf/ ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . hgsk'/ /]Nj]sf] hUuf 7]Ssf, kf]v/L 7]Ssf, :6]zg e]G8/l;kx¿ lgodljk/Lt 7]Ssfdf nufOPsf] 5 . /]Nj]df klxn] dfq e|i6frf/ ePsf] lyPg cfh klg x'G5 .

sd{rf/L ;"qsf cg';f/ dfn;fdfg vl/b ePsf ;os8f}+ ljnx¿ TolQs} yGsL/x]sf 5g\ . d]sflgsN; OlGhlgo/nfO{ x6fpg'kg]{ sf/0f ;d]t oxL xf] ls vl/b gePsf] ;dfgsf] ljn ag]/ cfPsf] 5 .

;/sf/L ;]jf cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f 6f]nL hgsk'/df kg{uPsf] ph'/L cg';f/ /]Nj]df vl/b ug]{ sd{rf/L x"bfx'"b} l;len OlGhlgo/sf] xftaf6 sfd u/fOPsf] /x]5 .

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w]/}h;f] ls;fgn] k;f{l:yt jL/u+h lrgL sf/vfgfnfO{ pv' a]Rg] uy]{ . ;f]cg';f/ 7"nf] kl/df0fdf lhNnfdf pv' v]tL ul/of] . t/, jL/u~h lrgL sf/vfgf ;+rfng g} gePkl5 ls;fgx¿ Hofb} ;:tf] b//]6df cfkm\gf] pTkfbg vf"8;f/L pBf]ux¿nfO{ a]Rg afWo ePsf lyP .

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>L/fd ;'u/ ldnn] af/fsf] h}tfk'/, d6]l/of, >Lk'/, cf}wfk'/, a9/jf, kt/x§L, a8sL km"nal/of, hLtk'/;d]t u/L cf7 ufp"af6 pv' vl/b ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . ;f] ldnn] cfkm+}n] rnfg lbPsf] ls;fgx¿sf] ;d]t pTkfbg vl/b gu/L cs:dft vl/bsfo{ /f]s]kl5 7"nf] gf]S;fg a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] pQ/ lem6km}of– @ sf ls;fg g/]z /fpt atfp"5g\ .

;f]xL 7fp" a:g] csf{ pv' ls;fg e'jg /fpt eG5g\– ældnsf] cj:yf g/fd|f] ePsf]n] af/fsf ;a} kmf"6f -pv' ;+sng s]Gb|_ clglZrt sfnsf] nflu aGb ul/Psf] egL u}/lhDd]jf/ kf/fdf ;"rgf 6f"; u/L ;f] ldnn] cfkm\gf] ablgot b]vfPsf] 5 . ldnn] xfdLnfO{ rnfg lbPsf] 5, p;n] xfd|f] pv' lng} k5{, To;f] gu/] ;+emf}tfsf] pNn+3g x'G5 .Æ

>L/fd ;'u/ ldnn] pv' vl/b :yug u/]kl5 rnfg kfPsf ls;fgx¿ rf}aL; 306f cf–cfkm\gf] pv' lnP/ ldnsf] ljleGg ;+sng s]Gb|df wfpg], wgf{ lbg] h:tf sfd ug{ ljjz 5g\ . ;f] ldnn] pv' vl/b gu/]kl5 k|lt SjLG6n rfnL; ¿lkof" gf]S;fg ;x]/ klg vf"8;f/Lx¿df pv' a]Rg hf"bf s'g} vf"8;f/Ln] klg pv' vl/b u/]gg\ egL sgkf–@ cf}wfk'/ lgjf;L pv' ls;fg of]u]Gb| /fpt clx/ atfp"5g\ .

xfn lhNnfel/ >L/fd ;'u/ ldnsf] rnfg kfPsf pv' ls;fgsf] dfq} sl/a Ps nfv SjLG6n pv' afnL v]tdf ;'Sb}5 . æ;fdfGotof d+l;/ dlxgf;Dd pv'afnL k"0f{¿kn] tof/ eO;S5 . k';–df3;Dddf o;nfO{ v]taf6 x6fO;Sg' k5{ . o; jif{ t k|r08 udL{ cfO;Sof] . pv' laqmL ug'{ t k/} hfcf];\, v]taf6 x6fpg ;d]t ;lsPg .Æ– sgkf–@ sf csf{ pv' ls;fg h+uaxfb'/ k6]n atfp"5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æpv'afnLn] ubf{ o;jif{ wfg /f]Kgsf nflu v]t hf]Tg klg kfOPg . ca ;a} pv' sf6]/ bfp/f agfP/ afN5' .Æ

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k|x/L lg/LIfs ;'bz{g yfkfn] atfPcg';f/ ;'/fsLaf6 k|fKt ;"rgf cg';f/ pQm a; nxfgsf] k"j{ a; la;f}gLdf cfOk'Ubf k|x/Ln] vfg tnf;L u¥of] . uf"hf e]6]kl5 ofq';lxt} a;nfO{ yfgfleq nluPsf] lyof] . uf]nahf/af6 s7f}gf hfg nfu]sf tL kf"rhgf JolQmx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ Ps ckl/lrt Jofkf/Ln] s7f}gf;Dd af]/fx¿ nlub]pm, k|To]s af]/fafkt ¿= Ps;o lbG5' eg]sfn] NofOlbPsf atfPsf lyP . tL af]/fx¿df s'g}df dflyaf6 d'/xL / s'g}df ;"tL{ /flvPsf] lyof] .

kqmfp kg]{x¿df l;/xf lhNnf d';x/lgof–& lgjf;L gGb' ;fx, hx/L xn'jfO{, d';x/lgof–^ lgjf;L tf/f ;xgL, t'ls{of nfnk'/–@ lgjf;L /fdu'nfd cdft / t'ls{of nfnk'/–# lgjf;L O;}/ cdft /x]sf 5g\ . tL af]/fx/df & s]=hL, !! s]=hL, !) s]=hL, * s]=hL / $ s]=hL= u/L hDdf $) s]=hL= uf"hf /x]sf] k|=lg= yfkfn] atfPsf 5g\ .

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lqe'jggu/ gu/kflnsf If]qdf dfq} !$ j6f ;fd'bflos jg 5g\ / ltgsf ultljlwnfO{ ;dGjofTds ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg ædlxnf ;fd'bflos jg gu/:t/Lo ;dGjo ;ldltÆ u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;dGjo ;ldltsL cWoIf nIdLl;+x 7s'/L ca lhNnf:t/df klg o:t} ;dGjo ;ldlt agfP/ jg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug]{ cleofgdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf h'6fpg] ;f]rfO /x]sf] atfp"l5g\ . pgL elG5g\, æ5f]6f] cjlwd} dlxnfx¿n] s]xL u/]/ b]vfPsf 5g\ . of] ;kmntfn] xfd|f] cf"6nfO{ cem} a9fPsf] 5 .Æ

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ljzfnahf/df sk8f k;n ;~rfng ul//x]sf /d]z s0f{sf] egfO klg aGb cfof]hsx¿nfO{ cem lrlGtt agfpg] vfnsf] 5 . pgL eG5g\– æk]6 b'v]sf] cf]vtL dnd nufP h:tf] ePsf] 5 of] aGb .Æ /fhgLlts dfu k"/f u/fpg k;n, pBf]uwGbf aGb u/]/ x'G5 < To:t} cg's"nsf ljsNk ckgfpg' k¥of] lg † pgL eG5g\– æh'g If]q;"u hf]l8Psf dfu 5g\ To;} If]qnfO{ dfq k|efljt kfg]{ u/L cfGbf]ng ubf{ of] k|efjsf/L x'G5 .Æ

7d]n ko{6g ljsf; jf]8{sf cWoIf hf]zLn] ;se/ aGb cfof]hgf g} ug{ gx'g] ;'emfa lb+b} eGg'x'G5– æolb ug{ k/] klg ;DalGwt If]qnfO{ dfq k|d'v kfg]{ u/L ug'{k¥of] .Æ …nf]Ug]–:jf:gLsf] emu8f 5 eg]/ 3/df cfPsf kfx'gfnfO{ ef]s} /fVg' t ePg lg † aGbn] ko{6sx¿nfO{ kfg]{ c;/lt/ ;+s]t ub]{} pxf"n] eGg'eof]– æ/fhgLlts dfu cfkm\gf] 7fp"df 5, d"Noj[l4k|lt klg ;a}sf] lj/f]w 5, t/ To;sf] lj/f]w ubf{ ljb]zL kfx'gfx¿nfO{ df/df kfg'{ 7Ls xf]Og . ls t /fhgLlts cl:y/tf 5 eg]/ ko{6s cfpg g} aGb ug{k¥of] .Æ

cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] cfkm\gf] lj/f]wsf] alnof] ljsNk / ;+u7g k|rf/sf] ;lhnf] pkfosf ¿kdf aGb cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . t/, aGbk|lt o;sf] ;'¿jftb]lv g} hgtfsf] ;dy{g b]lvPg . @)$* ;fntfsf :yfgLo r'gfjsf] dfu ub}{ k6s–k6s aGb cfof]hgf ug]{ Pdfn]n] )$( ;fndf ;DkGg :yfgLo r'gfjdf g/fd|f] k/fho ef]Ug'k¥of] . ut jif{sf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] ;dodf kf"r lbg aGb 3f]if0ff ug]{ dfcf]jfbLn] g/fd|/L hglj/f]w v]Kg' k¥of] . /, p;n] clGtd cj:yfdf aGb lkmtf{ lng'k¥of] .

oL 36gfx¿n] klg aGbk|lt hg;dy{g gePsf]n] aGb cfof]hsx¿n] o;sf] ljsNk vf]Hgkl§ nfUg'kg]{ ;Gb]z lbG5g\ . k|hftGq k'gM:yfkgf ePotf …aGbÚ ug]{ k];f lgs} km:6fPsf] 5 . aGbsf] hlt;'s} lj/f]w u/] klg df}sf k¥of] ls km\of§ aGb cfof]hgf ug{ sf]xL r's]sf 5}gg\ .

g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3sf dxfdGqL uug yfkf …aGbÚ slxn]sfxL" jfWotf aG5 eGg'x'G5 . …aGbÚ lj/f]wsf] pTs[i6 :j¿k xf] eg]/ xfdL dfGb}gf}+, t/ ljlzi6 kl/l:yltdf aGbsf] cfof]]hgf ug'{ afWotf aG5– pxf"sf] egfO 5 . h:tf];'s} 9+un] lj/f]w u/] klg ;/sf/n] g;'g]kl5 ;/sf/nfO{ em'sfpgsf nflu b]zsf k|zf;gb]lv lnP/ ;Dk"0f{ sfd 7Kk kfg{ aGb ug]{ ul/G5–yfkfsf] egfO 5 .

t/, aGb lgik|efjL x'"b} uPsf] s'/f :jod\ yfkf :jLsfg'{ x'G5 . aGb ubf{ klg ;/sf/ 6;sf] d; x'Gg– pxf"sf] egfO 5 .

cleefjs ;+3 g]kfnsf cWoIf ;'k|eft e08f/L aGbsf] ljsNk vf]lhg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'x'G5 . pxf" eGg'x'G5– æaGbn] s'g} pknlAw xfl;n gu/]sf] ljutsf aGbx¿af6 b]lvof] . aGb cfof]hgfn] pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, ljBfyL{ ;a}nfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kf5{ . Pslbgsf] g]kfnaGbn] d'n'snfO{ slDtdf Ps ca{ b; s/f]8 ¿k}of" a/fa/sf] gf]S;fgL x'g] lj1x¿ atfp"5g\ .

of] Ps bzsdf aGb cfof]hgf ug{df /]s8{ sfod ug]{ jfdkGyLbnx¿ aGb af/] df}gtf ;f"W5g\ . b]zfGt/n] k|ltlqmof dfUg vf]Hbf g]skf Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /3'hL kGtn] eGg'eof]– æd aGbaf/] k|ltlqmof lbg rfxGg .Æ Pdfn]n] xfn;Dd pkTosf / g]kfn aGb dfq} !# k6s cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 .

xfn;Dd PSn}n] PskN6 klg aGb cfof]hgf gu/]sf] g]kfnL sf+u]|;n] ut jif{b]lv slxNo} aGb cfof]hgf gug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 . ca ;a}n] g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] l;sf] ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5, geP 7d]njf;Lsf] l;sf] c¿n] ug]{5g\ .

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hn]Zj/ . rf}w dlxgfcufl8 emf/km'ssf] axfgfdf a]kQf kfl/Psf klZrd ;LdfjtL{ ufp" O6xjf{s6LsL ;~h'b]jLsf] vKk/ xfn} :yfgLo tnfpdf e]l6Psf] 5 . pgnfO{ l+;+x kl/jf/n] /flt ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf 3/af6 p7fP/ nu]sf lyP . To;kl5 pgL slxNo} sxL" b]vfkl/gg\ . >LdtL ;+h'b]jLn] k|x/Ldf hfx]/L ;d]t r9fOg\, t/ k|x/Laf6 s'g} jf:tf ePg .

xfn}dfq ufp"sf dfemLx¿ kf]v/Ldf df5f dfg{ uPsf] a]nf Pp6f dfgj vKk/ km]nf k¥of] . h'g vKk/df 5fnf t 5"b} lyPg . t/, vKk/df pgsf] 6NsL/x]sf] bf"t lyof] . ToxL bf"tsf] cfwf/df pQm vKk/ /fdlj/fh d08nsf] ePsf] cg'dfg ufp"n]x¿n] nufPsf 5g\ .

;+h''b]jL cfkm\gf kltsf] vf]hLdf slt ef}tfl/Og\ t/ s]xL nfu]g . lgDgjuL{o dlxnf pgL ;f]xL lbgb]lv afnaRrfsf] cg'xf/ x]b}{ kltsf] af6f] s'l//x]sL lyOg\ . t/, k|x/Lsf] ldn]dtf]df pQm sf08 bafOPsf] /x]5 . clxn] pgsf] k'sf/ O{Zj/n] ;'Gg'ePsf] ufp"sf ;f]emf;femf ls;fg dhb'/x¿ eG5g\ . ;To Pslbg pb\3fl6t x'G5 eGg] s'/f /fdlj/fh d08nsf] vKk/ kQf nfu]kl5 rl/tfy{ ePsf] 5 . Tof] vKk/nfO{ cg';Gwfgsf nflu lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] /f]gfi6df k7fp"bf kRrL; jif{ cfo'kf/ ul/;s]sf] / p;nfO{ wfl/nf] xltof/af6 xTof ul/Psf] egL k|dfl0ft ul/lbPkl5 /fdlj/fhnfO{ xTof u/]/ u'd kfl/Psf] ;f"Rr} xf] eGg yfn]sf 5g\ .

Ps jif{cl3 /fdlj/fhsf] >LdtL ;+h'b]jLn] s6}of k|x/Ldf ph'/L lb"bf 3/df ;'lt/x]sf] >Ldfg\nfO{ ufp"s} /fdafa' l;+x / lghsf] efO df]xg l;+xn] a]kQf kf/]sf 5g\ elgPsf] lyof] . t/, k|x/Ln] jf:tf gu/L ck/fwLnfO{ pDsg] df}sf lbg k'u]sf] lyof] . ca /fdlj/fhnfO{ p7fP/ nfg] l;+x jGw'x¿nfO{ k|x/L k|zf;gn] sf/afxL u/fp"5 ls eufp"5 To;sf cfwf/df of] xTofsf08sf] kbf{kmf; x'g] cg'dfg ufp"n]x¿n] u/]sf 5g\ .

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