literature (The Deshanter - Weekly (Nepal))

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otf g]kfnL pkGof;sf] ztjflif{sL dgfpg] ljleÌ ;df/f]xfTds ultzLntf, ptf cfGbf]ngsf] cfjfh . o; jif{ o:t} eof] . ;DejtM @)^) nfO{ dflg;x¿n] o;}u/L ;Demg] 5g\ . wgf{, cg;g, ;8s cfGbf]ng, k|ltudglj?4 . …k|ltudgÚ zAb o; jif{ lgs} k|rlnt ag]sf] zAb eof] . s] xf] k|ltudg < s]xL dflg; csf{l;t ;f]lw/x]sf klg b]lvP . hjfkm klg lbPsf] ;'lgof], k|ltudg k5fl8 kms{g' xf] . s;}n] ;+ljwfg cfÎgf] xftdf lnP/, To;sf] cfk"mv';L JofVof ubf{ k|ltudg x'G5 elgof] . cfGbf]ngnfO{ of] n]vssf] klg ;dy{g 5 . sf/0f, oL ;f/f k|Zgx¿sf], Ps 5]p cleJolQm :jtGqtfl;t klg hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . cleJolQm :jtGqtfk|lt k|To]s n]vs ;hu / ;+j]bgzLn x'G5 . To;sf/0f s'g} klg ;xL n]vs k|ltudgsf ;fy lx"8\g ;Sb}g .

jif{el/ /fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/] klg rrf{sf] lzv/df lj/fhdfg /xg'eof] . …/fi6«sljÚ pkflwn] lje"lift x'g'eof] . d]/f] ;Demgfn] EofPsf] xf] eg] …gOÚ 8fo/Ldf cl3b]lv g} pxf“ /fi6«sljsf ¿kdf clÍt x'g'x'GYof] . d}n] b]v]cg';f/ dfwj l3ld/] hlt ;Ddfg cGo sljn] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf kfPsf 5}gg\ . cf}krfl/s eg]/ n]Vbf d dxfslj b]jsf]6fnfO{ ;lDem/x]sf] 5', hf] xfd|f] ;flxTofsfzsf] Ps rlDsnf] / ct'ngLo gIfq xf] .

dfwj l3ld/] …uf}/LÚsf nflu ;w}+ ;Demgfdf /xg'ePsf] 5 . …cZjTyfdfÚ klg 5 t/ To;nfO{ cGo lsl;dn] x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . h]xf];\, of] jif{ pkGof; ztjflif{sL eP klg dfwj l3ld/] JoKt /xg'eof] .

pkGof; ztjflif{sLsf s]xL vf; pknlAw ePs} x'g\ . To;}nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ slt hgfn] gof“ pkGof; n]Vg] 3f]if0ffdfq u/]gg\, n]v]/ k|sflzt klg u/fP . e'jg 9'Ëfgf tLdWo] Ps x'g'x'G5 . pxf“ Ps l;4x:t cfVofgsf/ x'g'x'G5 . syf / cGo uB–n]vgdf pxf“sf] cfÎgf]kg 5 . pxf“n] Ps lbg eÌ'eof]– …d klg Pp6f pkGof; n]Vb}5' .Ú

d}n] eg]+– …:jfut / awfO{ 5 . tkfO{+n] gn]v] s;n] n]V5 <Ú

e'jg 9'Ëfgfsf] Tof] pkGof; k|sflzt eOxfn]sf] t 5}g t/ Psbd glhs eg] k'u]sf] 5 .

To;}u/L kßfjtLn] klg pkGof; yfNg'eof], cl:t #) ut] r}tsf lbg, pxf“n] 3f]if0ff ug'{eof], d]/f] pkGof; ;dfKt eof] . ca k|sfzgsf] k|tLIffdf 5, Tof] pkGof; .

uLtfs]z/Lsf] cg'ej w]/} 5 pkGof; ljwfdf . cl:t #) r}t )^) sf lbg Tof] pkGof; …lgisif{Úsf] ljdf]rg lyof] . pxf“n] To;df ;xefuL x'g cg'/f]w klg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . d hfg ;lsg" . ef]lnkN6 j}zfv !, )^! sf lbg d]/f] cfÎg} pkGof; ljdf]rgsf] Jo:t lyP“ . eÌ klg ;lsg" . h] xf];\, uLtfs]z/Lsf] of] pkGof; pxf“sf klxn]sf pkGof;eGbf km/s 5 /] . pxf“nfO{ ;kmntf ldnf];\, oxL sfdgf 5 .

Ps gof“ n]vs d"njL/ /fO{nfO{ lnP/ >j0f d'sf?ª Ps lbg 3/ cfOk'Ug'eof] . d"njL/ /fO{ n]vssf ¿kdf kl/lrt eO;Sg'eP5 . o;k6s NofPsf] pkGof;sf] zLif{s /flvPsf] lyPg . d}n] e"ldsf n]Vg' lyof] . @)^) s} 36gf lyof], Tof] klg pkGof; ztjflif{sLsf] ;Gbe{ .

lszg yfkf …cwL/Ú gof“ k':tfsf] kl/lrt gfp“ xf] . pxf“sf] n3' syf–;ª\u|x klg )^) ;fnsf] clGtd lbg eof] . !)! n3'syfsf] ;ª\u|x, gof“ k':tfsf] cfVofgsf] kl/ro lbg ;dy{ 5 .

d]/f] cfÎgf] pkGof; eLd;]g–$ sf] vf]hL . ddf cs}{ df]x cfof] . d]/f] ;"q pkGof; ^! k[i7sf] 5, ^! ¿k}of“ o;sf] df]n 5, d]/f] ^! of}+ jif{df k|sflzt x'"b}5 eg] o;nfO{ )^! ;fnsf] klxnf] pkGof; lsg gagfpg] < klxnf] gxf]nf † t/, ! j}zfvdf k|sflzt ePsf] pkGof; t x'g] g} eof] . g]kfnL pkGof;sf] bf];|f] ztfAbLsf] k|f/lDes pkGof;sf ¿kdf To;nfO{ Nofpg] ;Nnfx eof] ;fyLx¿sf] . To;cg';f/ sfd ul/Psf] xf] .

To;} lbg cle ;'j]bLsf] …kf“r gf6sÚsf] ljdf]rg ePsf] lyof] . cle ;'j]bL xtf/ / Jo:ttfn] ubf{ s]xL rf“8f], xfd|f] sfo{qmdaf6 hfg'ePsf] lyof] . ;'j]bLsf gf6sx¿n] /fd|f] rrf{ kfO/x]sf 5g\, of] /fd|f] xf], gf6s ljwfsf nflu .

d]/f] k':ts ljdf]rg To; lbg eP klg k|d'v sfo{qmd Tof] lyPg . k|d'v sfo{qmd lyof], )^) df k|sflzt d]/f] syf–;ª\u|x …;f7L jif{df Xbof3ftÚ / syf b[li6sf]0f . o;nfO{ /f]zg yfkf …gL/jÚn] lgs} kl/>d / k|ltefsf ;fy tof/ kfg'{ePsf] 5 . To;} k':tssf syfx¿nfO{ 8f= uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{n] cToGt ljåtf ;fy ljdf]rg ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ k':tsfsf/ ¿k lbg] pxf“sf] ljrf/ 5 . To;f] eof] eg] cfÎgf] k|sf/sf] of] cnu k':ts aÌ] s'/fdf ;Gb]x 5}g .

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d p:sf] ax, a'e'"m, t/ p;n] yfx} gkfcf];\
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k|l;4 ljlwzf:qL cl:6gn] eg]sf 5g\, sfg'g eg]sf] ;Dk|e'sf] cfb]z xf] . t/, ;dfhsf] ult;“u} sfg'gnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f km/s x'"b} uPsf] 5 . ;do;“u} cl:6gsf] b[li6sf]0f k'/ftgjfbL eO;s]sf] 5 . sfg'g /:sf] kf}G8n] eg]h:t} ;fdflhs cleoGtfsf] Pp6f dfWod xf] . o;nfO{ ;fdflhs kl/k|]Iodf x]l/g'k5{ . clxn] g]kfnsf] sfg'gL Joj:yf cl:6gn] eg]h:t} k'/ftgjfbL z}nLdf cufl8 al9/fv]sf] 5 . /fhf cfkm";“u gePsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf aGb'ssf] andf 3f]if0ff ul//fv]sf 5g\ / cfÎgf] cfb]znfO{ sfg'gsf] ;+1f lbO/fv]sf 5g\ . o:t} 36gfqmd / kl/l:yltnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ JofVof ub{5, ljlwzf:qn] . ljlwzf:q sfg'gsf] lj1fg xf] . ;jfOgLn] eg]h:t} sfg'gsf] :yfg / P]ltxfl;stf cnu–cnu x'G5 . o:t} cnu–cnu :yfg / ;dosf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug]{ ub{5– t'ngfTds ljlwzf:qn] . sfg'gL ;flxTodf g]kfnL n]vsx¿sf] lgs} sd ;+nUgtf kfOG5 . To;dWo] klg c+u|]hL efiffdf t emg} sd snd rn]sf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] cefjnfO{ k"lt{ ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ anaxfb'/ d'lvofn] Comparative Jurisprudence -t'ngfTds ljlwzf:qdfkm{t_ .

k':ts ^ v08df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] v08df ljlwzf:qsf] kl/ro, bf];|f] v08df cfwf/e"t ljlwzf:qLo cjwf/0ffsf] / t];|f] v08df sfg'gsf] ;fdflhs kIfsf af/]df ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L rf}yf] v08df sfg'gsf] /fhg}lts kIf, kf“rf}+ v08df sfg'gsf] ljsf;;“u ;DalGwt kIfx¿sf af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] clGtd v08df ljlwzf:qsf d'2f Ps k|s[ltsf af/]df JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . sfg'g ljlwzf:qsf] csf6\o ljifoj:t' xf] . sfg'g ;dfhdf km}nG5 . st{Jolagfsf] sfg'g lgisfd x'G5– d'lvofsf] egfO 5 . k':tsdf g]kfnL sfg'g, cGt/f{li6«o k|j[lt / ljlwzf:qsf] l;4fGtsf] t'ngfTds ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . vf;u/L Jofkf/, ;~rf/ / cGo gof“ sfg'gsf ljwfdf ;d]t rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . ljifoj:t'sf] ulx/fO / To;sf] k|:t'lt ;/n Pj+ :ki6 5 .

t/ klg k':tsdf Pp6f s'/f v6\ls/xG5, Tof] xf] df}lnstf . k':tsnfO{ sfg'gsf] :gftsf]Q/sf] kf7Øqmdcg'¿k 9flnPsf] sf/0f ;f] ljifosf] ufO8h:tf] nfU5 . k|Zgkqx¿;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . k|Zgkq eg]sf] x/]s jif{ ylk"b} hfg] ePsfn] c;fGble{s / ck"/f] x'"b} hfG5 eÌ] Vofn n]vsn] /fv]sf 5}gg\ . l;4fGt c;fGble{s eg x'"b}gg\ . To;df n]vs r's]sf 5g\ . oBlk ;DalGwt ljBfyL{x¿ eg] o;n] nfeflGjt u/fPsf] 5 . cem g]kfnL ljBfyL{sf nflu of] k':tsn] ;fdu|L vf]Hg] sfo{nfO{ ;/n agfOlbPsf] 5 . k':ts ;+u|x0fLo 5 .

k':ts M sDk]6]l6d h'?Pk|'8]G; -t'ngfTds ljlwzf:q_

n]vs M anaxfb'/ d'lvof

k|sfzs M >LdtL dfntL d'lvof / cug d'lvof

d"No M s8f uftf !@ ;o kf“r ¿k}of“

g/d uftf M ( ;o ?k}of“

k[i7 M * ;o !$

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d}n] Pp6f syf ;'g]sf] lyP“ . Ps ax't k'/fgf] ¿v lyof] . p;sf] ;d|f6\sf h:t} cfsfzdf xf“ufla"uf k}mlnPsf lyP . ?vdf ha kmn nfUbYof], 6f9f–6f9faf6 To;sf] ;'uGw lng kIfL k5fl8 cfp“y] . ha km"n k'mNbYof], k'tnLx¿ e'Ge'gfpg yfNby] . p;sf] 5xf/L, km}lnPsf] xf“ufla"uf / plePsf] ljzfn ?k cToGt ;'Gb/ nfUbYof] . Pp6f ;fgf] aRrf To; ;'Gb/ ?vsf] 5xf/Ldf ;w}+ v]Ng cfp“Yof] . j[4 ?v To; afnsk|lt cToGt k|]d ub{Yof] .

7"nfsf] ;fgf;“u k|]d x'g ;S5, olb 7"nfnfO{ cfk"mnfO{ cfkm" 7"nf] ePsf] af]w x'"b}g eg] . ;f] ?vnfO{ klg cfkm" 7"nf] ePsf] af]w lyPg . of] t s]jn dflg;x¿nfO{ x'G5 . To;}n] ;f] ?vsf] afns;“u k|]d a:of] .

cx+sf/ ;b}j cfkm"eGbf 7"nf;“u k|]d ug]{ sf]l;; ub{5 . cx+sf/ ;b}j cfkm"eGbf 7"nf;“u ;DaGw sfod ub{5 . t/, k|]dsf nflu sf]xL 7"nf]–;fgf] x'Gg . hf] cfp“5 p;};“u ;DaGw uf“l;G5 . Tof] ;fgf] aRrf ;w}+ ¿vglhs v]NYof] . a"9f] ¿vsf] aRrf;“u k|]d a:of] t/ ?vsf] xf“ufx¿ dfly lyof] . ?vn] a]nf–a]nfdf cfÎgf xf“ufx¿ tn g'xfp“Yof], h;n] ubf{ aRrfn] ?vdf kmnkm"n l6Kg ;sf];\ . k|]d ;w}+ em'Sg tof/ x'G5, cx+sf/ em'Sg tof/ x'"b}g . cx+sf/;fd' tkfO{+ hfg'eof] eg] p;sf] xft cem dfly p7\5 tf ls tkfO{+ p;nfO{ 5'g g;Sg'xf];\ . lsgeg] h;nfO{ 5'g ;lsG5 Tof] ;fgf], lgDg:t/sf] dfG5] ;flat x'G5 . h;nfO{ 5'g ;ls"b}g Tof] 7"nf] dfG5] xf] . ha aRrf v]Ng cfp“Yof], a"9f] ?vsf] xf“uf tn em'SYof], kmnk"mn l6KYof] ta a"9f] ¿v a8f cfgGb dx;'; ub{Yof], v';L x'GYof] . k|]d ;b}j Toltv]/ v';L x'G5 ha pm s]xL lbg ;S5, lbG5 . cx+sf/ ha s]xL kfp5 ta dfq} v';L x'G5 . la:tf/} Tof] aRrf 7"nf] x'"b} uof] . pm slxn] ¿vsf] 5xf/Ldf ;'TYof], slxn] k"mn l6k]/ vfGYof] slxn] km"nsf] tfh agfP/ l;pl/GYof] / h+unsf] ;d|f6\ aGbYof] . k|]dsf] km"n h;sf] glhs jif{G5, Tof] g} ;d|f6\ xf] . hxf“ cx+sf/n] 3]/]sf] x'G5, Toxf“ cGwsf/ 5fp“5 . Tof] JolQm bLg / bl/b| x'g k'U5 . Tof] aRrf km"nsf] tfh agfP/ l;pl/GYof], gfRYof], a"9f] ¿v ax't v';L x'GYof] . p;sf] dg cfgGbn] e/Lk"0f{ x'GYof], ;';]nL xfNYof] / ?v uLt ufp“Yof] .

ca Tof] aRrf 7"nf] eof], ca pm ¿vdf dfly r9\g yfNof] . xf“ufdf lkª v]Ng yfNof] . xf“ufdf klg cf/fd uYof]{, tj a"9f] ?v c? cfglGbt x'GYof] . k|]d cfglGbt x'G5 ha k|]d s;}sf nflu 5xf/L aG5 . cx+sf/ cfglGbt x'G5 ha s;}sf] 5xf/L vf]:g ;kmn x'G5 . t/, s]6f lg/Gt/ 7"nf] x'"b}5 . ha pm 7"nf] eof] t p;dfly yk lhDd]jf/L j[l4 x'"b} uof] . dxŒjfsf+Iff klg ylkof] . p;nfO{ k/LIff pQL0f{ ug'{ lyof] . ;fyLefOnfO{ lht]/ cufl8 a9\g' lyof] . ca pm slxNo cfp“Yof], slxn] cfp“b}gYof] . t/, a"9f] ¿v p;sf] k|tLIff ul//xGYof] p;sf] cfTdf k'sfb{Yof] ls Tof] s]6f cfcf];\ .

k|]d lg/Gt/ k|tLIff ub{5 / eG5, cfp † cfp †† k|]d Ps k|tLIff xf] . t/, Tof] s]6f slxn] cfp“Yof] slxn] cfp“b}gYof] . ha pm cfp“b}gYof], a"9f] ¿v pbf; x'GYof] . k|]dsf] Pp6} pbf;L cj:yf 5– ha pm af“8\g kfp“b}g . ha pm s]xL lbg kfp“b}g pm pbf; x'G5 . k|]dsf] Psdfq w}o{ klg ToxL xf] ls ha pm af“8\g kfp5", n'6fpg ;kmn x'G5 ta cfglGbt x'G5 . ;dosf] cGt/ftn;“u} Tof] s]6f a9\b} uof] . ?vsf] glhs cfpg] lbg klg sd x'"b} uof] .

hf] dfG5] hlt 7"nf] x'G5, dxŒjfsf+Iffsf] hutdf km:5, Tolt p;sf] k|]dsf] glhs hfg] ;'ljwf sd x'"b} hfG5 . Tof] s]6fsf] dxŒjfsf+Iff a9\b} lyof] . p;nfO{ ?v;Dd hfg] km';{b g} lyPg, sxf“ p;sf] uGtJo, sxf“ ?v . Pslbg ha Tof] s]6f ?v 5f]8]/ lg:s"b} lyof] . ?vn] eGof], …;'g t † xfjfdf ?vsf] cfjfh u'~hfodfg eof] .Ú …;'g t cfhsfn t ltdL cfp“b} cfp“b}gf} . d k|tLIff ul//xG5', ltd|f] nflu af6f] x]l//xG5' .Ú t/, s]6fn] pQ/ lbof], d oxf“ lsg cfO/xg] ltdL;“u s] 5 / <

dnfO{ t k};f rflxPsf] 5 . cx+sf/ xd];f of] k|Zg u5{ ls ltdL;“u s] 5 / d cfpm" < cx+sf/ s]xL ePdfq cfp“5' eg]/ dfu u5{ . s]xL 5}g eg] cfpg s'g} h?/L p;n] 7fGb}g .

cx+sf/ Pp6f k|of]hg xf], Pp6f p2]Zo xf] . k|of]hg /x] g cfpg] xf], k|of]hg 5}g eg] lsg cfpg] < t/ k|]d lgik|of]hg x'G5 . k|]dsf] s'g} k|of]u g} x'"b}g . k|]d cfkm"df cfÎg} k|of]hg x'G5 . of] laNs'n p2]ZoxLg 5 . a"9f] ?v cfZro{rlst eof] . p;n] eGof] …ls ltdL ta cfp“5f}+ ha d ltdLnfO{ ;a}yf]s lbg ;S5' . lsgls k|]d s]xL /f]Sg rfx"b}g . hf] /f]S5, Tof] k|]d xf]Og . cx+sf/n] dfq} /f]Sb5 . k|]d t lg;t{ lbgdfq hfGb5 t/ d;“u k};f t 5}g . of] k};f t s]jn dfG5]x¿sf] a;sf] s'/f xf] . of] /f]u ?vnfO{ 5}g .Ú

Tof] ?vn] eGof] ls …o;}n] t xfdL olt cfglGbt x'G5f}+ . oqf km"nx¿ km'N5g\, kmnx¿ nfU5g\, oqf] 5xf/L x'G5 . xfdL cfsfzdf gfR5f}+ ufp5f}+ . rfxgf cfp“5g\ / ;f+uLlts em~sf/ u5{g\ . lsgls xfdL;“u ?k}of“ k};f x'"b}g . h'g lbg xfdL;“u of] ?k}of“ k};f x'G5 Tolt a]nf xfdL klg dfG5]h:t} bLgxLg dlGb/df a;L zflGt s;/L kfOG5, k|]d s;/L kfOG5 eg]/ vf]Hg k'Ug]5f}+ . cx" xfdL;“u ?k}of“ k};f 5}g . ta s]6fn] eGof], …k]ml/ d ltdLsxf“ lsg cfp“ < dnfO{ t jxf“ hfg' 5, hxf“ ?k}of“ k};f 5 . dnfO{ ?k}of“ k};fsf] vf“rf] 5 .Ú qmdzM

cg'jfb M :jfdL cfgGb k/dx+; af/f, g]kfn

k|jf;af6 yfg]Zj/ ;fksf]6f

cfp d]/f] ljrf/;“u ;Def]u u/

of] b'lgof“sf clt ljsl;t d'n'sx?dWo]df klxnf] gDa/df plePsf] b]z . To;leqsf] of] lgs} cfw'lgs ;x/ Do'lgv– hxf“sf] s'g} s'gfdf Pp6f 3/ 5, k'/fgf] of elTsg} cf“6]sf] eGbf klg x'G5 . sf]7fx?df dl;gf aQLx? hf]l8Psf 5g\, h'g s;}sf klg cfjZostfeGbf sd k|sfz lbG5g\ . 3/sf ls/fobf/x? k|foM ljb]zL 5g\ / ;a}sf] ;fob Pp6} p2]Zo 5– k};f cfh{g ug]{ . ljb]zLx? ePs} sf/0fn] 3/df k6s–k6s k'ln;sf] 5fkf kl//xG5 . o;sf nflu ;a} ls/fobf/x? cEo:t eO;s]sf 5g\ .

3/sf] t];|f] tnfdf /x]sf] kNnf] 5]psf] of] ;fgf] sf]7fdf d 5'– hxf“ d}n] cufl8 eg]h:t} Pp6f ;fgf] aQL 5, h;sf] k|sfz d]/f] nflu kof{Kt 5}g . tfklg d]/f] sf]l;; x'G5, hlt;Sbf] l56f] of] aQLnfO{ a'emfP/ ;'Tg] . dnfO{ nfU5, Pp6f ax'nfPsf] dfG5] / of] aQLdf s'g} klg leÌtf 5}g . k|sfzdf 56\kl6g'eGbf c"Wof/f]df a:g' cln j]z xf], sd;]sd c"Wof/f]n] d]/f] dfgl;s ;Gt'ngnfO{ ;xh agfp“5 . d ;f]R5', h'l/ssf ;8sx?df Tof] a"9f] 8fogfn] lsg c"Wof/f]d} k"mn a]R5] jf uf]/fx? c"Wof/f]df k"mn lsg]/ cfÎgf] k};f vr{ u5{g\ . d]/f] sf]7f hxf“ k|foM c"Wof/f] g} /xG5 jf l;u|]6 ;NsfPkl5 klg ;se/ l56f] lgefpg] sf]l;; u5'{ d . l;u|]6sf] lwklwkn] c"Wof/f] eË gu/f];\ . of] c"Wof/f]n] ;lsof] eg] ;fob Pp6f cfzf k"/} ;lsG5 . Tof] pHofnf]sf] cfzf h'g d]/f] sNkgfdf dfq} 5 . 3/dflnsn] 7Ls} u/]sf] of] c4{k|sfz lbg] aQL hf]8]/, gq of] sf]7fdf c"Wof/f]sf] k|ltlglwTj s;n] ug]{ lyof] .

of] 3/ cfk}+m elTsPg eg] of] c"Wof/f] sf]7f;“usf] ;xjf; slt nlDaG5 dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/, ha;Dd of] 3/ elTs"b}g ta;Dd d oxL+ x'g]5', g]kfnLsf] Pp6f aLp of] c"Wof/f]sf] ;xofqfd} . g]kfnLx?sf] hLjg Tof] g]kfndf xf];\ of ljb]zdf, c"Wof/f]d} ;'? x'G5 / c"Wof/f]d} ;lsG5 . xfdLn] pHofnf] t b]v]s} 5}gf}+ . o'uf}+b]lv xfdL ToxL c"Wof/f]df 5f}+, hxf“ xfdLnfO{ /flvPsf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ c"Wof/f]df /fVg] x/]s k|sf/sf k|of;x? x/ ;do To;/L g} ;kmn eP h;/L d]/f] 3/dflns ;kmn 5 . pm eG5, ;u/dfyfsf] gfd lnP/ uj{ ug'{ kb}{g, Toxf“ t xfdLn] s'lNr;s]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] lz/ 7f8f] ug]{ ;a} axfgfx?df cglulGt JofVof eO;s]sf 5g\ . g xfdL lz/ 7f8f] ug{ ;S5f}+ g lz/ e'msfpg ;S5f}+ . lz/ e'mSbf Unflg x'G5, of] c:jfefljs k6Ss} xf]Og . d oxL Unflgn] x/ ;do u|:t 5' . d ;u/dfyfsf] lz/ ;Dem]/ uj{ u5'{ . d]/f] 3/dflns Tof] lz/df cfk"mx?n] v'§f 6]Sg kfPsf]df uj{ u5'{ . x'g ;S5, d]/f] b]zdf ;u/dfyf gplePsf] eP xfd|f] :jfledfgdf s;}n] klg k6s–k6s s'lNrg kfpg] lyPg .

cNkf; kj{t l5rf]n]/ h'l/s;Dd cfOk'u]sL Tof] a"9L 8fogf g s'g} s'/fdf uj{ u5]{ g p;nfO{ s'g} s'/fdf Unflg 5 . pm eGyL– d]/f] b]z klg 5}g / ;u/dfyfdf s;}n] s'Nr]nf eÌ] lrGtf klg 5}g . p;sf] Pp6} s'/fdf k|]d 5– Tof] xf] c"Wof/f] . c"Wof/f] ePg eg] d]/f k"mnx? d'emf{pg] qf; /lx/xG5, pm eG5] . cNkf; kj{tsf r§fgx? lr/]/ kj{tsf] leqL txdf bf}l8g] oL /]nx? / ljr/L Tof] a"9L 8fogf Psgfzsf] c"Wof/f]df p;/L g} 5g\, x/]s g]kfnLx?n] ef]u]sf] c"Wof/f] h:t} . s;n] eGg ;Sb}g, xfd|F] aQL lge]sf] kL8f . g9f“6L eÌ] xf] eg] pHofnf] jf k|sfzsf nflu d}n] qmflGt ug{ ;lSbg" . gq d]/f] 3/dflnsn] Pp6f lwklwk] aQL lbP/ dnfO{ s;/L n'6\g ;SYof] . xfdLnfO{ jf egf}+ dfq dnfO{, g]kfndf ;u/dfyf plePsf]df hlt uj{ 5, Tolt uj{ uf]/fx?;“u n'l6g kfPsf]df 5}g . bfxfnx? h;/L g} sf“r'nL km]/Lkm]/L gof“ jif{sf] pT;j dgfO/x]sf] x'Gy] jf ;~ho l3ld/]n] e}+m cfTdxTof ug]{ rfxgf 5f]8]/ b]j3f6df j}/fUo hLjg latfpg]af/] ;f]lr/x]sf x'Gy] . oL ;a} x'g ;s]gg\ cyjf ePgg\, of] d]/f] nflu s'g} crDdsf] s'/f xf]Og . lsgeg] ltg} k'?iff]Qd bfxfnx? x'g\ h;n] dnfO{ ;'?sf lbgx?df kN6LkN6L sf“r'nL km]g{ l;sfPsf . dnfO{ Pp6f s'/f yfxf 5 lg k'?iff]Qdx?n] ljrf/sf ;a} aQLx? ga'emfPsf] eP ;~ho l3ld/] hf]uL x'g] sNkgf;Dd ug]{ lyPg jf tkfO{+x?n] c"Wof/f]df af6f] vf]Hg'kg]{ lyPg . x'g t Tof] ;~ho l3ld/] ljrf/ 5f]8\g]x?sf] eL8af6 cnlUug ;S5 g Tof] 8fogf a"9L pHofnf]af6 efUg ;S5] .

of] cNkf; kj{tdf r'lnPsf] lxp“sf] lr;f] xfjfsf] ;Ìf6f cfk}+mdf Pp6f pb]snfUbf] x'G5 jf o;n] abNg] af6fx? emg\ ;+j]bgxLg eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . xfjfsf] af6f] kR5\ofpg] ;~ho l3ld/] of c"Wof/f] kR5\ofpg] d]/f ljrf/x?sf] ulx/fO sxf“g]/ d]n x'G5, ljrf/ abNg]x?n] a'‰g} ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] t d}n] eg]sf] ;~ho l3ld/], Tof] a"9L 8fogf jf d]/f] c"Wof/f] k|]dleq s;}n] j}rfl/s ;Def]u ug{ rfxG5 eg] tof/ /x"bf x'G5 . cfÎgf] dfgl;s gUgtf h;n] hlt b]vfp“bf klg x'G5 . of] d]/f] :jLs[lt xf]– cfp d]/f] ljrf/;“u ;Def]u u/ .

s;}nfO{ cGoyf gnfuf];\ tL k'?iff]Qd bfxfnx?nfO{ klg, lsgeg] g]kfnLx?n] ef]u]sf] c"Wof/f] jf b]v]sf] dfgl;s gUgtf ToxL+af6 ;'? x'G5 hxf“ ljrf/ TofUg] / ljrf/ ;dfTg]x?sf] h'n'; lgl:sg] ub{Yof] . d]/f] 3/dflnssf] a'emfO 7Ls 5, To;}n] t pm dnfO{ c"Wof/f]d} /fVg rfxG5 cyjf ;u/dfyfsf] 6'Kkf]df cfk"mx?n] s'lNrg kfPsf]df uj{ u5{ . p;n] klg a'e]msf] 5, pgLx?sf] dfgl;s gUgtf h;n] b'O{ s/f]8 g]kfnLsf] dgsf] aQL a'emfpg ;kmn eP . dgsf] aQL lge]sf] c"Wof/f]df slt dgx? anfTsf/ eP xf]nfg\, slt cfTdfx? t8\lk/x]sf xf]nfg\ . ;~ho l3ld/] anfTs[t dg lnP/ t hf]uL aÌ vf]Hb}5 jf d pHofnf] x]g}{ rfxGg . lsgeg] d]/f] anfTs[t dgsf] ;Totf pHofnf]df ;a}n] yfxf kfpg]5g\ .