Economy The Deshanter - Weekly (Nepal)

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sf7df8f}+ . g]kfndf lduf}{nf /f]uLx¿sf] a9\bf] ;+Vof;“u} lduf}{nf vl/b–laqmLsf] cj}w wGbf;d]t km:6fp“b} uPsf] 5 . af“Rgsf nflu lduf{}nf k|Tof/f]k0f ug{}kg]{ la/fdL / r/d ul/aLsf] sf/0f lduf}{nf a]Rg afWo dflg;x¿aLr bnfnLsf] sfd ug]{ lduf}{nf bnfnx¿n] sf7df8f}+df v'n]cfd¿kdf lduf}{nfsf] cj}w sf/f]af/ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

lduf}{nfsf] la/fdLx¿nfO{ x]df]8fOnfOl;; u/fpg] :yfgLo c:ktfnx¿sf] kl/;/leq cfhef]ln …lduf}{nf bnfnÚ / bnfnsf ;Dks{ JolQmx¿sf] rxnkxn ;lhn} b]Vg ;lsG5 . Ps lsl;daf6 x]g]{ xf] eg] oL bnfnx¿ o:tf /f]uLx¿sf lglDt cfjZostf g} ag]sf 5g\ . t/, dfgj c+usf] of] vl/blaqmL u}/sfg'gL dflgG5 . dfgj cª\u k|Tof/f]k0f P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf % df o;k|sf/sf] ck/fwdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf¿kdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ kf“r jif{sf] s}b / gub hl/jfgfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t/, bnfnx¿n] lduf}{nf ;|f]tJolQmsf ¿kdf lgDg:t/sf ul/a / lgd'vf dflg;x¿nfO{ u}/sfg'gL tj/df zf]if0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;Da4 JolQmx¿sf cg';f/ g]kfndf dfq} lduf}{nfsf] cj}w wGbfdf jflif{s s/f]8f}+sf] sf/f]af/ x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 .

lduf}{nfsf] cj}w sf/f]af/df /fhg bhL{–$@ jif{, s[i0f nfdf–#% jif{, /fdxl/ bhL{ / y/ gv'n]sf afg]Zj/sf kf/; gfds bnfnx¿sf] ;lqmotf lgs} a9]sf] ;Da4 hfgsf/ ;"qn] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfPsf] 5 . oL JolQmx¿ o;cl3 lduf}{nfsf] cj}w sf/f]af/df k|df0f;lxt kqmfp k/]sf xl/gf/fo0f :ofËtfg -tfdfª_ sf] ;d"xleqs} /x]sf] ;dfrf/ ;"qsf] bfaL 5 . xl/gf/fo0fnfO{ k|x/Ln] &% hgf dflg;x¿sf] lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf] k|df0f;lxt ut jif{ lx/f;tdf lnPsf] lyof] . Ps ;oeGbf a9L lduf{}nfsf] cj}w sf/f]af/ ug]{ xl/gf/fo0fsf] u'? lbnLk nfdf gfds bnfn eg] clxn] cfkm}+ ;f]xL /f]uaf6 kLl8t ag]sf 5g\ / clxn] db|f;l:yt PdcfO{cf]6L c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO/x]sf] egfO ;Da4 ;"qsf] 5 . nfdf of] wGbfdf ;a}sf u'? / ;'?cftstf{ dflgG5g\ . nfdfnfO{ s]xL ;docufl8 lduf}{nf bnfnL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . bnfnx¿n] k};fsf] nf]e b]vfP/ lgDg:t/sf g]kfnLnfO{ kmsfO{ ef/tLo c:ktfndf k'¥ofO{ ef/tLox¿nfO{ ;d]t lduf}{nf laqmL ub}{ cfO/x]sf] gfd gatfpg] ;t{df Ps bnfnn] atfP . tL bnfn eG5g\– ær]nLa]6L a]Rg] wGbfeGbf clxn] of] wGbf w]/} km:6fPsf] 5 . lsgls o;df k};f klg w]/} 5 t/ hf]lvd sd .Æ

g]kfn ;f];fO6L ckm g]k|mf]nf]lh:6sf cWoIf 8f= k':s//fh ;Tofn bnfnx¿sf] af/]df cfkm"n] ;'g] klg w]/} hfgsf/L gePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . t/, g];gn ls8\gL ;]G6/sf k|d'v tyf ;f] ;f];fO6Lsf ;lrj 8f= Clifs'df/ sfÎn] eg] la/fdLx¿n] g} lduf}{nfbftf vf]lhlbg cfu|x u/] klg cfÎgf] l;4fGtn] To;f] ug{ glbg] atfp“b} eGg'x'G5, æla/fdLx¿;“u g} bnfnx¿n] ;Dks{ ul//x]sf x'g;S5g\ . kl5 la/fdLx¿ g} Tof] s'/fsf] ;|f]t aG5g\ .Æ

g];gn ls8\gL ;]G6/sf ;'/Iffuf8{ gLnxl/ a'9fyf]sL bnfnx¿ lduf{}nf km]g'{kg]{ la/fdL;“u ;fOgf] nufp“b} cfpg] u/]sf] :jLsf5{g\ . pgL eG5g\, ætL bnfnx¿ la/fdLnfO{ e]6]/ kmf]g gDa/ l6k]/ hfG5g\ . bnfn eGg] yfxf ePdf xfdL u]6af6 lgsflnbG5f}+ .Æ t/, x]df]8fOnfOl;;sf] ;'ljwf ePsf sf7df8f}+sf sltko xl:k6n tyf gl;{ªxf]dx¿sf ls8\gL bnfnLsf] cj}w wGbfdf ;f] xl:k6nsf ;'/Iffuf8{ -kfn]_ x¿ klg ;+nUg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . bnfnx¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ g} ;Dks{ ;|f]tJolQmsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] hfgsf/L atfp“5g\ . pgLx¿n] lduf{}nf k|Tof/f]k0f ug}{kg]{ la/fdLx¿sf] af/]df bnfnnfO{ cfjZos hfgsf/L pknAw u/fPafkt ?= # xhf/b]lv % xhf/;Dd lng] u/]sf] atfOG5 .

k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu vl/b ug]{x¿

ef/tsf ljleGg c:ktfnaf6 lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0f u/]/ cfpg] JolQmx¿sf] ;+Vof vf;} olsg ug]{ g;lsP klg #)) hgfeGbf a9L g} /x]sf] 8f= Clifs'df/ sfÎn]sf] cg'dfg 5 .

lduf{}nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu g]kfnd} cfjZos ljz]if1x¿ eP klg of] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ef/t g} hfg'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] 5 . cfkmGt -cfdf, afa', efOalxgL, nf]Ug] :jf:gL_ afx]ssf] JolQmx¿sf] d[uf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0f ef/tdf ;d]t cj}w dflgG5 . To;}n] cfÎgf] kl/jf/aflx/sf JolQmaf6 lduf}{nf vl/b ubf{ gftf k|dfl0ftsf nflu uflj;b]lv dxfgu/kflnsf;Ddsf gSsnL sfuhft klg agfOg] u/]sf] ;Da4 JolQmx¿ atfp“5g\ .

lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu ef/tsf] c:ktfndf nluPkl5 ;f]xL lduf{}nfnfO{ lau|]sf] egL s'an u/]sf] /sdeGbf w]/} sd dfq bftfnfO{ glbg] u/]sf] kLl8tx¿ atfp“b5g\ . pgLx¿n] Hofnf dhb'/L u/L ;f“emlaxfgsf] 5fs 6fg]{, ul/a ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ k|nf]egdf b]vfO{ lduf{}nf lng] u/]sf 5g\ . ;"qsf cg';f/ cfÎgf] z/L/sf] Pp6f lduf}{nf ul/aLsf sf/0f laqmL ug]{x¿df bdfO+{, tfdfª cflb blnt hfltsf dflg;x¿ a9L dfqfdf /x]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo c:ktfnx¿df db|f;sf] PdcfO{cf]6L c:ktfn, ;Gtf]if c:ktfn, r08Lu9sf] ;~houfGwL c:ktfn, lbNnLsf] cn OlG8of OlG:6Ro'6 ckm d]l8sn ;fOG; / e]nf]/l:yt s]xL c:ktfnx¿ lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu k|Voft dflgG5g\ . /fhg l3ld/] -gfd kl/jt{g_ lbnLk nfdfåf/f 7luPsf o:t} lduf}{nfbftfdWo] Ps x'g\ h;nfO{ ! nfv kRrL; xhf/ lbOg] eg]/ 5 PdcfO{cf]6L c:ktfn nluPsf] lyof] . t/, bnfn nfdfn] lduf}{nf k"0f{¿kdf 7Ls gldn]sf] egL ;Q/L xhf/ dfq pgsf] xftdf xflnlbP . pgsf] lduf}{nf kf]v/fsf Ps k|ltli7t Jofkf/Ldf k|Tof/f]k0f ul/Psf] l3ld/]sf] syg 5 .

g]kfndf ;'ljwf 5}g

ljZjn] lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf] krf;f}+ jif{ dgfP klg g]kfndf xfn;Dd la/fdLx¿n] lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf] nflu l5d]sL d'n's ef/ts} e/kg'{k/]sf] 5 . lbgk|ltlbg lduf}{nfsf /f]uLx¿sf] ;+Vof a9\bf] 5 t/ g]kfndf ;f] /f]usf] pkrf/sf] nflu cfjZosLo lduf{}nf /f]u ljz]if1x¿ Go"g ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ . lduf{}nf k|Tof/f]if0f lgodfjnL @)%* n] b]zs} ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;fj{hlgs c:ktfn jL/ c:ktfnnfO{ lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf] clwsf/ lbP klg xfn;Dd of] ;'ljwf ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . jL/ c:ktfn eg] lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0f ca zL3| x'"b}5 dfq eG5 t/ slxNo} ;'?cft ub}{g . lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0f ;ldltsf lduf}{nf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= c;kmL{ zfxsf cg';f/ ca Ps dlxgfleq} g]kfndf lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0f ul/g]5 . g]kfndf d[uf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu ljz]if1 kof{Kt 5}gg\ eGg]x¿sf nflu 8f= zfx of] s]jn v'§f tfGg] k|j[lQ dfq ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf cGo yk s'/fx¿ ug{ pxf“n] c:jLsf/ ug'{eof] . g]kfn ;f];fO6L ckm g]k|mf]nf]lh:6sf ;lrj 8f= Clifs'df/ sfÎn]sf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] lghLIf]qsf c:ktfnnfO{ klg lduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf] clwsf/ lbPsf] eP s]xL ;docufl8 g} of] ;'ljwf g]kfndf k|fKt x'g] lyof] . pxf“ yKg'x'G5, ælduf}{nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf] If]qdf k|lt:kwf{ geP/ g} g]kfnL la/fdLx¿ ef/t hfg] cj:yf cfPsf] xf] .Æ

lduf{}nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf] j}wflgs lhDdf lnPsf] jL/ c:ktfnn] cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/ gePs} sf/0f of] ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ g;s]sf] lrlsT;sx¿sf] egfO 5 . ;f] c:ktfnsL jl/i7 lduf}{nf /f]uljz]if1 8f= ;'wf vs'/]nsf cg';f/ An8 qm; Dofr tyf l6:;' 6fOlkª;DaGwL k|of]uzfnf gePsfn] g} k|Tof/f]k0fdf l9nfO ePsf] xf] . pxf“ eGg'x'G5, æk|of]uzfnfsf] ;DaGwdf ef/tsf] cn OlG8of OlG:6Ro'6 ckm d]l8sn ;fOG;;“u s'/fsfgL eO;s]sf] 5 . ca s]xL xKtfd} k|Tof/f]k0fsf] k|lqmof yfNg]5f}+ .Æ t/, k|Tof/f]k0f;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fjwfg cem} :ki6 gePsf] 8f= vs'/]nsf] ts{ 5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ dfgj c+u k|Tof/f]k0f P]gdf k'gj{[l4 x'g] c+uÚ elgPsf] 5 t/ lduf}{nfsf] l/h]g]/];g -k'gj{[l4_ x'g ;Sb}g . To;}u/L c;DalGwt -gftf gkg]{_ lduf}{nfbftfsf] lduf{}nf k|Tof/f]k0fkZrft\ d[To' ePdf ;f] k|Tof/f]k0fdf ;+nUg lrlsT;ssf] ;DklQ hkmtb]lv xb};Ddsf] sf/afxL x'g] s'/fn] lrlsT;sx¿ xtf]T;fxL aGg] u/]sf] 8f= vs'/]nsf] wf/0f 5 .

dfgj z/L/sf] /Qm z'4Ls/0fdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] lduf}{nf sDd/lg/ :kfOgsf] bfof“afof“ /x]sf] x'G5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ dw'd]x, pRr /Qmrfk, Unf]d]?nf]g]k|mfOl6;, j+zfg'ut /f]u tyf lduf}{nfsf] ;+qmd0f -kfOnf]g]k|mfOl6;_ cflb sf/0fn] b'j} jf Ps lduf{}nf sfd gnfUg] x'g ;S5 . d[To'b/ pRr ePsf] cSo'6 ls8\gL km]n'c/df eg] ;dod} pkrf/ ePdf /f]u lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 .

dx"uf] /f]u

ljleGg sf/0fn] lduf}{nfn] sfd gug]{ ePdf Pp6} pkfo 5 /Qmz'4Lsf nflu Tof] xf] x]df]8fOnfOl;; of k|Tof/f]k0f . t/, g]kfnsf yf]/} ;/sf/L / s]xL lghL gl;{ªxf]dx¿df x]df]8fOnfOl;;sf] ;'ljwf eP klg dx"uf] ePsf sf/0f ul/a hgtfsf] kx"'rdf 5}g . Psk6s x]df]8fOnfOl;; ubf{ nfUg] kfOknufotsf ;fdfg la/fdL cfkm}+n] vl/b ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . h;sf] d"No !% ;oeGbf a9L 5 . t/, k|fOe]6 gl;{ªxf]dx¿df ;/sf/Lsf] t'ngfdf d]l;gsf] ;]jf z'Ns g} rsf]{ nfUg] ub{5 . ;/sf/L jL/ c:ktfndf eGbf lghL gl;{ªxf]dx¿df x]df]8fOnfOl;; z'Ns @÷# xhf/ g} dx"uf] kg]{ ub{5 . olb lduf}{nf km]g}{kg]{ ePdf Go"gtd krf;xhf/ ef/tLo ?lkof“b]lv 8]9 nfv;Dd c:ktfn z'Ns ef/tsf c:ktfnx¿df ltg'{kg]{ kLl8t la/fdLx¿ atfp“b5g\ .

ul/ax¿sf] c:ktfn eg]/ lrlgPsf] jL/ c:ktfndf xfn s]jn rf/j6f dfq x]df]8fOnfl;; d]l;gx¿ ;~rflnt cj:yfdf 5g\ . % j6f x]df]8fonfOl;; d]l;g eg] :k]o/ kf6{;sf] cefj / agfpg] k|fljlws gePsf] gfddf e08f/ sIfdf g} lau|]/ ylGsPsf 5g\ . hfkfgsf] /f]6/L Snaaf6 g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u:j¿k k|bfg ul/Psf & j6f x]df]8fOnfOl;; d]l;g eg] ;~rfngsf] cefjdf Ps jif{b]lv g} e08f/ sIfdf df ylGsPsf 5g\ . 8f= ;'wf vs'/]n eGg'x'G5–æhfkflgh efiffdf g} sDKo'6/ df]lg/ l8:Kn] ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] ;f] efiffdf bIf x]df]8fOnfOl;; hgzlQmsf] cefjdf of] ;d:of cfPsf] xf] .Æ To;}u/L ;}lgs tyf ;}lgssf kl/jf/sf] nflu ;~rfng ePsf] jL/]Gb| ;}lgs c:ktfndf eg] tLgj6f x]ef]8fonfOl;; d]l;g /x]sf]df Pp6fn] dfq /fd|f];“u sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L g];gn ls8\gL ;]G6/sf k|d'v 8f= Clifs'df/ sfÎn]sf cg';f/ ;f] ;]G6/df xfn tL;j6f d]l;gx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . x]df]8fOnfOl;;sf] ;'ljwf ePsf cGo c:ktfndf aL PG8 aLdf b'O{j6f An" qm; b'O{j6f jLkL sf]O/fnf c:ktfn w/fgdf rf/j6f /x]sf 5g\ .

kLl8tx¿sf] syf

6]s'sf #* jifL{o /fh' t'nfw/sf] qmf]lgs /]gn km]n'c/ ePsf] ;ft jif{ eof] . of] /f]u nfu]]b]lv xfn;Dd pgsf] kRrL; nfv ?lkof“ vr{ eO;s]sf] 5 . pgsL lbbLn] lduf}{nf lbg] ePkl5 lduf{}nf km]g{ cfheGbf kf“r jif{cufl8 @)%% ;fndf pgL ef/tsf] ;~ho ufGwL c:ktfn uP . t/, lbbLsf] d'6'/f]usf] ;d:ofsf sf/0f lduf{}nf bfg ug{ gldNg] Toxf“l:yt lrlsT;sn] atfPkl5 Tolqs} kms{g'k¥of] . To;sf] nuQ} csf]{ Ps bftfnfO{ lnP/ k'gM ef/ts} csf]{ c:ktfn x]l/6]hdf uP . t/, Toxf“ pgsf] 8]9nfv ef/tLo ?lkof“ rf]/L ePsfn] TolQs} kms{g'k¥of] . ls8\gL 8f]g/eGbf klg k};f kof{Kt gePsf] sf/0f lduf{}nf km]g{ gkfPsf] pgL atfp“b5g\ . pgL eG5g\– æls8\gL bnfnx¿ cfP/ ls8\gL rflxg]÷grflxg] af/] ;f]W5g\ t/ dx"uf] eGb5g\ .Æ xfn pgL xKtfsf] b'O{k6s x]df]8fOnfOl;; u/fpg jL/ c:ktfn cfp“5g\ .

;'v]{tsL ^% jifL{o euL/yL s"8]nnfO{ klg PG8 :6]h /]gn km]n'c/ ePsf] 8]9 jif{ eof] . a9L pd]/ / zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf sf/0f g t pgn] lduf{}nf km]g{ ldN5, g t ck/];g g} u/]/ 7Ls x'G5 . af“r'Gh]n x]df]8fOnfOl;; ug'{kb{5 . pgnfO{ 5f]/fa'xf/Ln] xKtfsf] b'O{k6s xf]df]8fOnfOl;; u/fpg jL/ c:ktfn Nofpg] u5{g\ . a'xf/L sdnf s"8]n elG5g\– …clxn];Dd cf}iflw / 8fOnfOl;; ;a} u/L %) xhf/eGbf a9L vr{ eO;Sof] ca s]n] k'¥ofpg] xf] yfxf 5}g .Æ

kfs{ PeGo' / lk|ldod ca g]kfndf

ef/tsf] ;'k|l;4 h]=s]= x]n]g sl6{; lnld6]8n] kfs{ PeGo' a|fG8 tyf lk|ldodsf pTkfbgx¿ g]kfnL ahf/df Nofpg] ePsf] 5 . ahf/ k|j4{g tyf ljt/0fsf nflu g]kfnsf] PlShd OG6/g];ng k|f=ln=;“u ;Demf}tf klg ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . kfs{ PeGo', lk|ldod / df]gfs{sf pTkfbgx¿ ;'ulGwt cQ/, ;]leª l;:6d, a8L s]o/ Pj+ skfnsf] ;'/Iff ca g]kfnsf ;a}h;f] o;;DawL v'b|f k;ndf pknAw x'g] atfOPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf ca k|ltlnlk clwsf/ nfu" x'g]

g]kfn ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] j}wflgs ;b:o ePkl5 To;qmddf u/]sf] k|lta4tfcg';f/ ljleÌ df}lns /rgfh:tf j:t'x¿df ;/sf/n] k|ltlnlk clwsf/ lgodfjnL :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . k':ts, ;flxTo /rgf, sDKo'6/ ;Î6j]o/, ;+uLt cflbdf k|ltlnlk clwsf/ lgodfjnL nfu" ePkl5 o:tf af}l4s ;DklQsf] rf]/L k"0f{¿kn] bl08t x'g]5 .

af}l4s ;DklQsf] Ps c+u k|ltlnlk clwsf/;DaGwL sfg'gsf nflu ljZjJofkf/ ;+u7gsf] l6«K; ;Demf}tfdf g]kfnn] of] sfg'g nfu" x'g] k|lta4tf hgfOP klg s]xL agfOPsf] lyof] t/ cl3Nnf] laxLaf/ dfq} dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7saf6 of] lgodfjnL :jLs[t ePsf] xf] . k|ltlnlk clwsf/ lgodfjnLdf sfg'gL zAbsf] ljleGg k':ts, ;a} zfxj+zLo /fhfx¿sf] Pp6} t:jL/, ljleGg uLt;+uLt, sDKo'6/sf ;Î6j]o/ jf:t'snf Pj+ lrqsnf ;a}sf] ;+/If0f x'g]5 . ;a} k|sf/sf df}lns l;h{gf btf{ ug]{ clwsf/ ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p•og dGqfnonfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . t/, ;f] clwsf/leq cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ, 6«]8dfs{ / k]6]G6 l8hfOg eg] kb}{gg\ .

k|ltlnlk clwsf/ /lh:6«f/ /fdk|;fb e§/fO{sf cg';f/ btf{ k|lqmof ;dfKt ePkl5 ljZjsf Ps ;oeGbf a9L d'n'sdf btf{ ePsf nfvf}+ k|ltlnlk clwsf/ cWofjlws ug]{ l:j6\h/NofG8sf] ;~hfn lakf]g]6df cfa4 u/fOg]5 . cfÎgf df}lns l;h{gf tyf /rgf btf{ ug{ s'g} z'Ns nfUb}g t/ To;sf] nflu lgj]bss} ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'g'kg]{ /lh:6«f/ e§/fO{n] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .

sf]6f k|0ffnL lg/Gt/x'g'kg]{ dfu

sf]6f k|0ffnL vf/]h ePkl5 ljsf;zLn tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x¿sf tof/L kf];fs pBf]udf kg]{ k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf 8An"6Lcf]sf] cfsl:ds a}7s af]nfpg] k|:tfjnfO{ g]kfnn] klg ;dy{g ug'{kg]{df tof/L kf];fs Joj;foLx¿ Psdt /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn tof/L kf];fs pBf]u ;+3n] o;df ;/sf/;dIf cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

;g\ @))% sf] hgj/L dlxgfdf ;dfKt x'g nflu/x]sf] sf]6f k|0ffnLnfO{ k'gM nfu" ug'{kg]{ egL s]xL ;docufl8 df}l/;;n] k|:tfj cf}krfl/s ¿kdf 8An"6Lcf];dIf /fv]sf] lyof] . of] k|:tfjnfO{ a+unfb]z tyf OG8f]g]l;ofn] ;dy{g ub}{ cf}krfl/s dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] o; dfuk|lt yk P]Soa4tf hgfpg ;+;f/sf w]/}h;f] d'n'ssf tof/L kf];fs pBf]udf kxn ul/"b}5 . sf]6f k|0ffnL vf/]hLkl5sf] cj;/af/] 5nkmnsf nflu df}l/;;n] 8An"6Lcf] jf dxflgb]{zs;dIf cfu|x ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+;f/e/sf tof/L kf];fs pBf]u;DaGwL 6sL{sf] O:tfga'ndf cfof]lht e]nfsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf klg o;k|sf/sf] dfu ul/Psf] lyof] .

Pl;of, cd]l/sf, o'/f]lkog o'lgog, clk|msfnufot $( /fi6«sf (! ;+3–;+:yfn] efu lnPsf] pQm O:tfga'n e]nfdf g]kfnL tof/L kf];fs pTkfbssf] tk{maf6 ;Demf}tfdf ;+3n] x:tfIf/ ub}{ cfsl:ds a}7s af]nfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . d"ntM cd]l/sfdf dfq} rLgaf6 pTkflbt tof/L kf];fsn] Toxf“sf] *) k|ltzt ahf/ / ljZjsf c¿ ahf/df klg rLgn] alnof] :yfg cf]u6]sfn] klg cGo d'n'ssf sk8fx¿ ;+s6df k/]sf x'g\ . To;}n] klg ljZjsf clwsf+z tof/L kf];fs pTkfbsx¿ sf]6f k|0ffnLsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] kIfdf 5g\ .

g]kfn tof/L kf];fs ;+3sf cWoIf ls/0f ;fvM eg] o;k6ssf] ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw yk gePdf caf}{+sf] nufgL 8'Ag] / %) cf}+ xhf/sf] /f]huf/L ;+s6df kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . tof/L kf];fs lgof{t k|j4{gdf ljutdf ePsf ;/sf/L df}gtf a]jf:tfsf] pxf“n] v08g ug'{ePsf] 5 .

k]mjftfnsf] k|b"if0fn] ko{6g Joj;fodf c;/

s[i0fdl0f a/fn

kf]v/f . km]jftfn g} s'¿k x'g'sf ;fy} 9'Ëf rnfpg;d]t cK7]/f] x'g] u/L 9flsPsf] hns'DeL emf/ ;/;kmfO cleofgdf o; xKtf kf]v/fsf ljleGg ;+3–;+:yfx¿n] lqmofzLntf b]vfP klg ;kmfO cleofgn] ;fy{stf kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;kmfO cleofgdf >L % o'j/fhflw/fh kf/; jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jn] ut xKtf rf;f] b]vfOaS;]sf] lyof] eg] jftfj/0f tyf hg;+Vof dGqL jfr:klt b]jsf]6fn] k'iknfn :d[lt lbj;sf cj;/df g]skf Pdfn] sf:sL lhNnf sld6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] emf/ Îof“Sg] >d lzlj/sf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

o;kl5 tfn ;kmfO cleofgsf] ¿kdf tfnsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] emf/ ;kmfOdf ko{6g Joj;foL, sd{rf/L, :yfgLo cfdf ;d"x;d]t h'6] klg tfnsf] d'xfgd} 9flsP/ /x]sf] emf/ ;kmfOdf ;DalGwt lgsfo / s'g} klg ;+3–;+:yfn] rf;f] gb]vfpgfn] of] ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] . km]jf d'xfgsf] b'O{ ;o /f]kgL If]qkmn tfnn] g} 5f]8]sf] bnbn] kmf“6df km}lnP/ /x]sf] hns'DeL emf/ ut % jif{b]lv jiff{ofddf af“w vf]ln"bf kfgLsf] s/]G6sf sf/0f tfn g} 9flsg] u/L km}ln"b} cfPsf] 5 . tfn ;/;kmfO cleofgdf o'j/fhflw/fhsf] rf;f] / dGqLsf] pkl:ylt /x]kl5 tfn ;kmf x'g]df ljZj:t :yfgLo afl;Gbf tfn;kmfO cleofgn] pknlAw xfl;n gu/]kl5 lrlGtt ag]sf 5g\ .

kf]v/fsf] jftfj/0f ;'wf/sf] gfp“df Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+saf6 k|fKt s/f]8f+} ?lkof“ C0f vr]{/ kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf kf]v/fsf 9nx¿ ;f]em} km]jftfndf ld;fOg'n] hns'DeL emf/ df}nfp“b} uPsf] xf] . gfO6«f]hg / km:kmf]/; a9L ePdf hns'DeL emf/ df}nfp“5 . km]jftfndf ld;fOPsf 9nx¿df ;]K6L 6\of+sLsf] kmf]xf]/, ;fa'gkfgLnufotsf kmf]xf]/ ld;fOg'n] tfndf gfO6«f]hg / km:kmf]/;sf] dfqf a9]sf] 5 .

d'xfgaf6 k'l/"b}, hns'DeL emf/n] 9fls"b} / ;x/LIf]qaf6 k|b"lift x"'b} uPsf] km]jftfnsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu kf]v/fsf] gu/ If]qaf6 x'g] k|b"if0f /f]Sg'sf ;fy} hns'DeL emf/nfO{ d'xfgaf6} lems]/ k"0f{¿kdf gi6 ug'{kg]{ jftfj/0fljb\x¿sf] wf/0ff 5 . tfndf a9\b} uPsf] k|b"if0fsf] sf/0f km]jftfnsf df5f;d]t k|efljt ePsf] km]jf df5f Joj;foL ;ldltsf k"j{cWoIf /fdrGb| hnf/Lsf] cg'ej 5 .

!)—!@ jif{ cl3;Dd s~rg km]jfsf] kfgL vfgsf] nflu k|of]u u/]sf a}bfdjf;Lx¿ x]bf{x]b{} tfn k|b"lift x'g'sf ;fy} %% k|ltzteGbf a9L ;f“3'l/Psf]df lrlGtt 5g\ . tfnsf] d'Vo ;|f]t xk{g vf]nf / ;fxfos vx/] vf]nfn] a;]{lg aufP/ Nofpg] 9'Ëfdf6f] / afn'jfsf] sf/0f tfn k'l/"b} uPsf] 5 .

a;]{lg Ps nfv $@ xhf/ d]l6«s 6g df6f] tfndf y]u|g'n] k|Tos b'O{ jif{df ) bzdnj !* ju{lsnf]ld6/ tfn k'l/g] u/]sf] Ps cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . kf]v/f pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] tYofª\scg';f/ #* jif{sf] cjlwdf %% k|ltzteGbf a9L tfn ;f“3'/f] eO;s]sf] 5 . of] cjlw @)!& ;fnb]lv @)%% ;fn;Ddsf] xf] . tfn ;+/If0fsf nflu tfnsf] d'xfgaf6 k|j]z ug]{ 9'Ëfdf6f], afn'jf /f]Sg] r]]s 8\ofd agfpg'kg]{ lj1x¿ atfp“5g\ .

tfn g} 9flsg] u/L km}lnPsf] hns'DeL emf/ lgoGq0f ug{ emf/sf] pkof]lutfsf] cWoog u/L j}slNks k|of]udf Nofpg'kg]{ dT:o cg';Gwfg s]Gb| a]ugf;sf sfo{no k|d'v 8f 6]saxfb'/ u'?ª atfpg'x'G5 . k|f]l6gsf] dfqf k|z:t kfOg] hns'DeL emf/nfO{ s'v'/f, df5f, a+u'/, ufO{e+};Lsf] bfgfsf] ¿kdf k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg];d]t pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . sDkf]:6 dnsf] ¿kdf ;d]t k|of]u x'g] o; emf/nfO{ pkof]udf Nofpg;s] tfn ;kmf x'g'sf ;fy} s[ifsx¿;d]t nfeflGjt x'g] 5g\— pxf“n] eGg'eof] .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / km]jf ;+/If0fsf gfp“df kf]v/fdf vf]lnPsf sl/a b'O{ bh{g ;+3–;+:yfx¿dWo] km]jftfn ;+/If0f ;ldlt e§/fO{ ;d"x, km]jf df5f Jojf;oL ;ldlt, 9'Ëf Joj;foL ;ldlt dfq lqmofzLn ePsf b]lvG5g\ . km]jftfn ;+/If0fdf k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{ kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] g} gu/kflnsfsf] ;f/f 9n tfndf ld;fO{ tfn k|b"lift u/]sf] 5 eg] tfn ;+/If0fdf kf]v/fsf /fhgLlts kf6L{b]lv ko{6g Joj;foL;d]tn] s'g} rf;f] b]vfPsf] kfO"b}g . kf]v/fsf] ko{6g Jojf;osf] d'Vo cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| km]jftfnsf] ;+/If0f geP kf]v/fsf] ko{6g Joj;fodf k|lts"n k|efj kg]{ lglZrt 5 .

dfcf]jfbLx¿ :yfgLo lgsfo ;/sf/ rnfpg vf]Hb}5g\

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

Onfd . g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] Onfdsf] !( uflj;sf afl;GbfnfO{ kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s l;kmfl/;lagf ;b/d'sfd / lhNnfaflx/ cfjt–hfjt ug{ gfsfaGbL nufPsf] 5 . l;kmfl/;lagf cf]xf]/–bf]xf]/df /f]s nufPkl5 oxf“sf] hghLjg k|efljt ePsf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] klZrdblIf0f If]qsf ljleGg uflj;df Aofg/ / clkn 6f“;]/ pgLx¿n] k'/fgf] c•f, cbfnt / k|zf;gdf d'2fx¿ nfg gkfpg], ;fy} dfcf]jfbLsf] l;kmfl/;lagf hflu/ of s'g} l;nl;nfdf hfg gkfpg] hgfPsf 5g\ . clkndf olb To;/L uPdf 3/sf] rncrn ;DklQ sAhf ul/g] klg r]tfjgL lbOPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf Pshgf ufh; ;b:onfO{ kb]g ;b:o agfpg] / lghL ljBfno tyf pBf]ux¿ klg ufp“ hg;/sf/df btf{ u/]/ ;/sf/nfO{ lt/f] ltg]{ sfo{ aGb ug{ dfcf]jfbLn] clkndfk{mt\ lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLn] lhNnfsf lhtk'/, w';]gL, d+unaf/], ;f]ofs, l;l4y'Dsf, ;fª?Daf, zflGt8f“8f, o'jfdem'jf, rd}tf, PstKkf, emfsemf]s / ;fv]h'Ëfdf b'O{k6s o:tf] lgb]{zg lbP klg s8fOsf ;fy nfu" eg] ePsf] 5}g . t/, ;fpg * ut] kl5Nnf]k6s lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] af“emf], OefË, ;fsemf/f, n'Db], uh'/d'vL, cfdrf]s / PstKkfdf eg] s8fOsf ;fy nfu" u/]sf] Toxf“sf afl;Gbfx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . o;/L dfcf]jfbLsf] /lh:6/df sxf“ / lsg hfg] eGg] ljj/0f l6kfP/ dfq} st} hfg'kbf{ :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ sl7g ePsf] 5 . s'g} a]nf ckem{6df aflx/ hfg'kg]{ / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lglZrt 7fp“df e]6\g g;lsg] ePsfn] o:tf] ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] pgLx¿n] atfP .

To:t}, dfcf]jfbLsf] lgb]{zgn] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] k'gu{7g / ;+:yf btf{ ug{ cGof}n l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf ufh; ;b:o /fVg / lghL ljBfno / pBf]ux¿ btf{ ug{ ;d:of x'g] ;DalGwt lgsfosf k|d'vx¿ atfp“5g\ . ;/sf/L ;'/Iff lgsfo gePsf tL :yfgx¿df dfcf]jfbLsf] cflwsfl/s l;kmfl/;lagf cGoq uPdf 3/hUuf sAhf x'g] vt/f klg hgtfdf pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

o;}u/L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf tfl/v wfp“b} u/]sfnfO{ klg dfcf]jfbLn] k|ltaGb nufPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ultljlwdf ;+nUg ePsf] cf/f]kdf cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf % ;o *) dWo] sl/a $ ;onfO{ tTsfn tfl/v lbOPsf] lyof] . To;dWo] s]xLn] 5'6 kfO;s]sf / af“sLdWo] klg krf; k|ltzt dfq}n] cfpg] u/]sf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . cfpg 5f8]sfx¿ sltko emGem6 eP/, sltn] k'gM dfcf]jfbLd} ;+nUg eP/ / sltn] dfcf]jfbLsf] wDsLsf sf/0f x'g;Sg] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k|]dk|;fb zdf{ ;fksf]6f atfpg'x'G5 . o; ;d:ofk|lt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] klg atfOPsf] 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLaf6 ljleGg ;t{x¿ kfngf ug{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zgn] hgtf emGem6df k/]sfn] pgLx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbLk|lt ljt[i0ff pTkGg ePsf] 5 . of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu k|zf;g uDeL/ x'g' cfjZos ePsf] pgLx¿ atfp“5g\ .

ljB't\ dfq xf]Og tf/ klg rf]/L x'G5

/fhlj/fh . ljB't\ rf]/L tyf r'xfj6 ug]{x¿dfly s8f sf/afxL ePsf sf/0f ;Kt/Ldf ljB't\ r'xfj6df sdL cfPsf] 5 . u|fdL0f:t/df ljB't\ r'xfj6 j[l4 ePsf sf/0f g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f ;Kt/L sfof{no / :yfgLo ;+3–;+u7gsf] ;xfotfn] # dlxgfb]lv cg'udg 6f]nL vl6Psf] / sltko r'xfj6 ug]{ u|fxsdfly sf/afxLsf nflu kxn ePsfn] u|fdL0f e]usf u|fxs tyf :yfgLo sltko pBf]udf eO/x]sf] r'xfj6df klg lgoGq0f x'"b} uPsf] 5 . t/ klg r'xfj6n] lgoldt cfk"lt{df sdL cfO/x]sf] ;d:of oBlk sfod} /x]sf] ljB't\sf k|fljlwsx¿ atfp“5g\ .

r'xfj6sf sf/0f u|fdL0f e]udf w]/} b'3{6gf;d]t eO/x]sf] lyof] eg] ljB't\ kf]nx¿af6 /flt ljB't\ rf]g]{;d]t sltko 36gf eO/x]sf lyP . o;sf ;fy} ;Kt/L axgudfs§L uflj;df tf]kf ufp“b]lv ks/L ufp“ l;dfgfl:yt kf]nsf tf/ s]xL ;doklxn] /flt rf]/L ePsf] lyof] . t/, rf]/L–lgsf;LnfO{ aGb ug{ ljB't\ k|flws/0faf6 lgu/fgL 6f]nL;d]t u7g u/L ;lqmo¿kdf cg'udg / lgu/fgL ul//x]sf] ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf l8lehg k|d'v /fdPsafn ofbj atfp“5g\ . k|d'v Psafnsf cg';f/ k|flws/0f ljB't\ r'xfj6nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ / ljB't\sf] yk lj:tf/ ug{ k|of;/t /x]sf] 5 .

cd/gfy d08n

ef/tLo gLltn] lrof lgsf;Ldf cj/F]w

czf]ss'df/ afGtjf

Onfd . g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] xl/of] klQ ef/t lgsf;L ug{ lanlahs / pTklQsf] k|df0fkq clgjfo{ ug'{kg]{ kl/kq eG;f/ ljefun] kz'kltgu/l:yt eG;f/ sfof{nonfO{ k7fPkl5 lrof lgsf;Ldf sl7gfO pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

kl/kqcg';f/ eG;f/ sfof{non] lanlahs / pTklQs} k|df0fkq clgjfo{ rflxg] ;"rgf hf/L u/]kl5 Onfdsf lrof s[ifs / Jofkf/Lx¿ clxn] pTklQsf] k|df0fkq lbg] lgsfosf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf 5g\ . sfof{non] klg tL k|df0fkq lng] s'g} lgsfosf] gfd gtf]s]kl5 pgLx¿ pQm lgsfosf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf x'g\ . t/, pgLx¿n] vf]h]sf] lgsfo eg] ce}m;Dd e]§fPsf 5}gg\ . o;/L eG;f/ ljefuaf6 kl/kq cfPkl5 sGofdsf ;'jf; /fO{, lkmSsn–( sf 6+s e§/fO{nufotn] lrof lj:tf/ cfof]hgfaf6 k|df0fkq lnPsf lyP . t/, Tof] k|df0fkqnfO{ eG;f/ sfof{non] pTklQsf] k|df0fkqsf] ¿kdf dfGotf glbPsf] pgLx¿n] atfP .

kl5Nnf] ;dodf eG;f/ sfof{non] pTklQsf] k|df0fkq pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] atfP klg w]/} s[ifs / Jofkf/LnfO{ yfxf gePsf] k"j]{nL ;fgf ls;fg ;+3 lkmSsnsf cWoIf wgaxfb'/ ofª\dfnLn] atfP . t/, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 Onfddf pTklQsf] k|df0fkq lng cfPsf ls;fgx¿n] l/Q} xft kms{g'k/]sf] 5 . o;/L eG;f/ ljefun] ;+3af6 pTklQsf] k|df0fkq kfOg] atfP klg ;+3df s'g} kq gcfPsf] czf]s vfsLn] atfP . vfsLsf cg';f/– æpTklQsf] k|df0fkfq s;/L / s]sf cfwf/df lbg] eGg] jfl0fHo ;+3d} k|:6 5}g .Æ t/, pTkGg ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0f ug{ kl/kq pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof a'‰g cfkm"x¿ nfluk/]sf] pgn] atfP . lrof a9L d"Nodf ef/tlt/ lgsf;L ePkl5 cfkm"x¿ gkfpg] ;Defjgfaf6 d'Qm x'g :yfgLo lrof sf/vfgfn] ck|ToIf if8\oGq u/L k|df0fkq clgjfo{ u/]sf] x'g;Sg] cfz+sf ls;fgx¿sf] 5 . t/, of] lgod s;}sf] if8\oGq geO{ eG;f/ ljefu cfk}+mn] o:tf] kl/kq hf/L u/]sf] kz'kltgu/ eG;f/ sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .

otf, eG;f/ ljefuaf6 lanlahs / pTklQsf] k|df0fkq clgjfo{sf] kl/kq k7fPs} ;dob]lv :yfgLo sf/vfgfx¿n] xl/of] lrofklQsf] d"No klg 36fPsf 5g\ . xfn cfOtaf/]l:yt Onfd 6L k|f]8\o';;{n] xl/of] lrofklQsf] d"No 36fP/ !! / !@ ?lkof“ sfod u/]sf] 5 . To:t} dfn'dl:yt lxdfnog /]Gh lrof pBf]u / 8fS6/vf]nfl:yt :dn 6L k|f]8\o';;{n] k|lts]hL !& / !( ?lkof“ sfod u/]sf] 5 . sf/vfgfn] lrofsf] d"No 36]sfn] clxn] xl/of] klQsf] d"No klg 36fPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .

eG;f/ ljefuaf6 o:tf] kl/kq cfP klg o;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . v'nf ;Ldf ePsf] / 5f]6L eG;f/ sfof{nox¿ klg xfn lgl:qmo ePsfn] sfof{nonfO{ of] lgod nfu" ug'{ r'gf}tLh:t} ag]sf] 5 . ljefun] utjif{ o:tf] kl/kq k7fPsf] eP klg sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] lyPg .

lhNnfsf] k"jL{ e]uaf6 dfq} b}lgs ^) xhf/ s]hLsf] xf/fxf/Ldf lrof pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . t/, lrof sf/vfgfsf] k|zf]wg ug]{ Ifdtf #% xhf/ s]hLsf] dfq} /x]sfn] lrof aflx/ lgsf;L ug'{ ls;fgx¿sf] afWotf g} ag]sf] 5 . t/ klg lrof lgsf;L ug{ ls;fg tyf Jofkf/Lx¿sf y'k|} emd]nfx¿ slxNo} ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

af9LkLl8tsf] ;xof]usf nflu /]8qm;sf] clkn

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . ut c;f/ @) ut]b]lv k/]sf] clj/n jiff{sf sf/0f cfPsf] eLif0f af9Lklx/f]af6 k|efljt @$ lhNnfx¿df s'n ! ;o &( sf] d[To', #% hgf a]kQf / # ;o & JolQm 3fOt] ePsf] tYo g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ln] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf lhNnf zfvfx¿, u[xdGqfno tyf ljleGg ;~rf/dfWodaf6 k|fKt tYof+saf6 pQm tYo agfOPsf] ;f];fO6Lsf k|d'v ;~rf/ clws[t ljho bfxfnn] hgfPsf 5g\ . ;f];fO6Låf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf ! nfv @% xhf/ % ;o af9Laf6 k|efljt ePsf] tyf #^ xhf/ * ;o !) kl/jf/ lj:yflkt ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L af9Lklx/f]af6 @# xhf/ % ;o %* 3/ k"0f{?kdf gi6 ePsf 5g\ eg] $$ xhf/ % 3/x¿ cf+lzs?kdf elTsPsf 5g\ . ;f];fO6Ln] /fxt ljt/0fsf] qmddf vfBfGg, nQfsk8f, ef8fs'8f, lqkfn kfgL z'4 kfg]{ cf}iflw, ;/;kmfO / k|fylds pkrf/ cflb ;a}If]qsf sl/a !^ xhf/ af9L k|efljt kl/jf/nfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

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