Economy The Deshanter - Weekly (Nepal)

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o;nfO{ d b'O{6f kIfaf6 x]5'{ . Pp6f ;/sf/ cfk}+m ;+nUg /x]/ ul/aL lgjf/0f / ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 lnP/ uPsf] 5 . To;sf] /fd|f] a]; ag]sf] 5 . ljZja}+ssf pkfWoIfn] ;d]t g]kfnsf] of] ;'wf/ sfo{qmd pbfx/0fLo /x]sf] s'/f elg;Sg'eof] . xfdLnfO{ klg JolQmut ¿kdf x]bf{ To:tf] cg'ej x'G5 . c¿ b]zdf klg gePsf] y'k|} s'/fx¿ h:tf] cg'udg k]|mdjs{, dWosfnLg vr{ of]hgf / t'?Gt} nfu" ul/g] of]hgf eg]/ y'k|} sfdx¿ ;'? klg u¥of}+, sfof{Gjog u/]/ klg b]vfof}+ / gof“ sfdx¿ klg ub}{5f}+ .

of] Pp6f kIf t 5"b}5 . csf]{ clxn]sf] åGåsf] cj:yfdf ljsf;sf sfdx¿ cufl8 n}hfg c¿ s] sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fx¿ 5g\ . of] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . lxhf]–cl:t dfq bftfx¿sf] rf/÷kf“rj6f Ph]G;Lx¿n] g]kfnu~hsf] sfof{no aGb u/]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f pgLx¿n] klg s'/f p7fpg' :jfefljs xf] ls åGåsf] cj:yfdf cem a9L ljsf;sf sfo{x¿ s;/L ug]{ . s]xL t ePsf] 5 t/ xfdLn] ck]Iff u/]cg'¿k ePsf] 5}g . To;}sf] ;fy;fy} pgLx¿n] /fhgLlts k|Zg klg p7fPsf 5g\ . zflGt sfod geOsg sfd ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . xfdLn] ck]Iff u/] hlt sfd x'"b}g . k|f]u|]; Hofb} ;':t x'G5 eGg] egfO pgLx¿sf] 5 . ;fy} /fhgLlts lgsf; / dfgjclwsf/sf s'/fx¿ 5g\ . vf;u/L åGåsf] ;dodf dfgjclwsf/ Hofb} xgg\ x'g] ePsfn] ;/sf/n] dfr{ @^ df …PS;g KnfgÚ lgsfn]sf] lyof], To;nfO{ ;a}n] :jLsf/ u/] t/ Tof] nfu" x'g'k¥of] eÌ] s'/fdf ;a} bftfx¿sf] hf]8 lyof] .

tkfO{+n] ev{/} bftfx¿n] /fhgLlts s'/fx¿ cufl8 NofPsf] atfpg'eof] . clxn]sf] a}7sdf bftfx¿n] u/]sf] k|lta4tf ;zt{ xf] ls xf]Og <

kl5Nnf] b'O{j6f ljsf; d~rsf] a}7sb]lv bftfx¿n] xfdLnfO{ af/Daf/ eGb} cfPsf 5g\ / vf;u/L ljZja}+ssf pkfWoIfn] t cufl8s} kl/rofTds a}7sd} of] …Kn]lhª ldl6ªÚ x'"b} xf]Og x} eÌ] u/]sf 5g\ . t/ klg xfd|f] …slG:66\oG;LÚ xfdLn] klg hgtfn] s] kfP t of] ljsf; d~r a}7saf6 eGgsf] nflu klg s]xL …k|lta4tfÚ u/fpg vf]Hb5f}+ . clxn];Dd pgLx¿n] klg dflg/fv]s} 5g\ . ca of] …l;DalnsÚ xf] . l;Dalns lsg xf] eg] zflGt eof] eg] ljsf;sf] sfd cem /fd|/L x'G5 . xfdLn] sfo{qmdx¿ yKg ;S5f}+ / pgLx¿n] yk ;xfotf klg ug{ ;S5g\ . ca åGåsf] cj:yf /lx/x\of] / cem a9\of] eg] oxL k};f klg xfdL vr{ ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ .

To;sf/0f xfdLnfO{ a[xt\ k|m]djs{df pgLx¿sf] ;kf]6{ 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f;“u ;DalGwt sfd ug]{ k|fyldsLs/0f u/]sf sfdx¿ cufl8 a9fOg] / ;'wf/sf sfo{qmd ug]{ xf] eg] xfd|f] ;kf]6{ 5 eÌ] s'/fsf] of] Pp6f l;Dan xf] .

clxn]sf] k|lta4tfdf s'g s'/fnfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 <

of] ;+o'Qm k|lta4tf xf] . o;df vf;u/L b'O{j6f sfo{kqx¿ 5g\ . Pp6f, k|fyldsLs/0f ul/Psf sfo{qmdx¿ s] x'g\ eg]/ klg k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;"rL nfdf] eof], To;nfO{ 5f]6\ofpg] / To;leq klg k|fyldstf tf]Sg'k¥of] eGg] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .

To;df xfdLn] t'?Gt nfu" ug]{ of]hgfdf Ps jif{df @) j6f of]hgfx¿ 5fG5f}+ . Tof] @) j6f of]hgfx¿ g} Ps jif{sf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] Ph]G8f x'G5 eGg] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyof}+ .

;'wf/ sfo{qmdx¿sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ;"rL tof/ u/]sf] s'/f ug'{eof] . To;df s:tf sfo{qmdx¿ 5g\ .

…:k]l;lkmsÚ s]xL 5}g . xfd|f] Pp6f …l/kmd{ PG8 8]enkd]G6Ú u|'k eÌ] 5 . To;df bftfx¿ / xfdL cfk}+m klg a;]sf 5f}+ . b'j} ldn]/ xfdL o;nfO{ 5f]6\ofp“5f}+ . /, ug{ g;Sg] s'/fx¿ xfdL Toxf“ /fVb}gf}+ . /fi6«nfO{ rflxg] k|fyldstf k|fKt, cfjZos s'/f 5gf}6 u/]/ aL;b]lv kRrL;j6f s'/f /fV5f}+ .

bftfx¿n] clxn] b]vfPsf] d'Vo ;d:ofrflx" s] xf] <

clxn] t oxL åGådf s;/L ljsf; ug]{ eÌ] / /fhgLlts ;d:of . of]afx]s :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ s;/L a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg] eÌ] 5 . Tof] klg /fhgLlts s'/f g} xf] . :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg slxn] u/fpg] xf] Tof] geOsg :yfoL¿kdf ljsf;sf ultljlw a9fpg ufx|f] x'G5 eGg] s'/f bftfx¿n] p7fPsf 5g\ . csf]{, åGådf ljsf; ug]{ s'/fx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg sf]l;; ul//xg'k5{ / cem k|efjsf/L agfpg'k5{ eÌ] s'/f bftfx¿n] p7fPsf 5g\ .

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a}7sdf ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 k|wfgdGqL, cy{dGqLn] of] jif{df r'gfjsf] k|lqmofx¿ ;'? x'G5 / zflGt k|lqmofdf xfdL v'nf g} 5f}+, 9f]sf aGb u/]sf 5}gf}+ . xfdL jftF{ ug{ ;w}+ tof/ 5f}+ eÌ] s'/fx¿ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofpg'ePsf] lyof] .

;/sf/sf] /fhgLlts k|lta4tf k"/f gePsf] cj:yfdf bftfx¿sf] ;xof]u k|efljt x'G5 ls x'"b}g <

/fhgLlts ;d:of ;dfwfg ePg / ;d:of a9\b} uof] eg] bftfx¿n] lbPsf] ;xof]usf] k|lta4tfsf] klg s'g} cy{ x'"b}g . xfdLn] Tolt vr{ ug]{ cj:yf klg gx'g ;S5 . xfdLn] gof“ …df]8fln6LÚ tof/ u/f}+nf t/ To;sf] s'g} klg ;Ldf x'G5 . To;} k};f kmfNg] eÌ] s'/f klg cfp“b}g . /fhgLlts d'2f ;dfwfg ePg eg] Tof] klg Pp6f 7"nf] …hf]lvdÚsf ¿kdf cufl8 cfp“5 .

;/sf/n] k};f eP/ klg vr{ ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf bftfx¿;“u ;xof]usf] k|lta4tf vf]h]sf] 5 . o;n] d~rsf] cfufdL a}7sx¿sf] dxŒj / ljZj;gLotfdf k|Zg p7\b}g / <

o;df pgLx¿n] klg eg]sf 5g\ . sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f eof] eg] vr{ x'g] xf] . sfd ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f ePg eg] ltdLx¿nfO{ k};f rflx"bf klg rflx"b}g eg]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] tLg jif{sf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+, …l8:kmf];{df]G6Ú x'g] a]nfdf …c6f]d]l6snLÚ a]|s t nfUb} hfG5 lg .

c:yfoL ;/sf/n] ljsf;;DaGwL /0fgLltx¿ cl3 ;f/]/ bftfx¿sf] k|lta4tf h'6fPsf] 5 . ef]ln d'n'sn] /fhgLlts lgsf; kfPkl5 ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf km]l/g] xf] ls <

Tof]rlx" dnfO{ xf]nfh:tf] nfUb}g . /fhgLlts ;d:of ;dfwfg eof] jf zfGt eof] eg] xfdLn] of]eGbf 7"nf] ah]6sf] s'/f ul//fv]sf 5f}+ . zflGt eof] eg] …/fi6« k'glg{df{0fÚs} s'/f xfdL ub}{5f}+ . dnfO{ nfU5, zflGt eof] eg] of]eGbf a9L ;xof]usf] dfu x'G5 / vr{ klg x'G5 . clxn] h'g k|fyldstfsf] s'/f 5 To;df x/]s jif{ …kmfOg 6\o'lgªÚ x'g] s'/f t 5"b}5, Tof] x/]s jif{ clnslt eOxfN5 . t/ kl/jt{g g} x'G5 h:tf] nfUb}g .

ljsf; d~rsf] a}7snfO{ lnP/ clxn] cfGbf]ng/t /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ tkfO{+n] s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <

ul/aL lgjf/0f;“u ;DalGwt /0fgLltkq tyf bzf}+ of]hgfnfO{ xfdLn] jflif{s ¿kdf d"NofÍg u5f}+{ eg]sf 5f}+ . o;nfO{ ;+:yfut ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . xfdL k|foM ;a} ljsf; ultljlwx¿df bftfdf lge{/ 5f}+ . pgLx¿;“u 5nkmn ug]{ k|lqmof g/fd|f] xf]Og, ;+:yfut x'g' /fd|f] xf] . h'g ;/sf/ cfP klg ug}{kg]{ s'/f xf] . /fhgLlts ¿kdf 7Ls 5÷5}g eÌ] s'/fx¿rflx" /fhgLlt1n] hfGg] s'/f xf] t/ of] k|lqmofrflx" lgoldt x'g'k5{ .

bftfx¿;“u tkfO{+sf] nfdf] cg'ej 5, dgf]gLt ;/sf/ / lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] sfo{z}nL / bftfx¿sf] æ/]:kf]G;Ædf s] leGgtf b]Vg'eof] <

klxnfrflx" :yfgLo lgsfox¿ lgjf{lrt x'GYf] . ;/sf/ x'"bf klg kfln{ofd]G6 x'GYof], n]vf;ldlt x'GYof] . Tof] ePsf] a]nf tL lgsfox¿ k|efjsf/L x'g'k5{ eg]sf] xfdLn] ;'GYof}+ . clxn] tL s'/fx¿ 5}gg\ . To;}n] …PsfpG6laln6LÚ x'"b}g eÌ] s'/fx¿ t p7fPsf x'G5g\ . ;+j}wflgs lgsfox¿ ;+:yfut x'g' t w]/} /fd|f] s'/f] xf] . clxn]sf] of] ;do t ljz]if kl/l:ylt eGg'k5{ .

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d;fh;“u} km:6fp“bf] of}gJoj;fo

sf7df8f}+ . ko{6sLoIf]q 7d]ndf Rofpem}+ pld|Psf d;fh ;]G6/x¿sf] s'g} lglZrt p2]Zo gePsf] :jo+ d;fh Joj;foLx¿ :jLsf5{g\ . k};f sdfpg] dfq p2]Zo ePsf] d;fh Joj;fon] ;dfhdf s:tf] lsl;dsf] k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 eGg] af/]df s'g} JolQm jf lgsfosf] Wofgfsif{0f gePsf] s'/f d;fh Joj;fodf x'g] u/]sf] cj}wflgs lqmofsnfkaf6 yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .

ko{6sx¿ cfsif{0f ug]{ ljleGg k|fs[lts kfgf]/fdfx¿n] l;Ëfl/Psf] g]kfnh:tf] b]zsf] ko{6sLo Jofkf/:yn 7d]ndf d;fhsf] gfddf of}gJoj;fonfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ko{6sx¿ cfslif{t u/fOG5 eGg] cf/f]k nfUg' :jfefljs} xf] . 7d]nsf d;fh ;]G6/x¿df of}gJoj;fo x'g] u/]sf] :jo+ Joj;foLx¿ :jLsf5{g\, g]kfn k|ultzLn d;fn ;+3sf cWoIf s0f{axfb'/ nfdf eG5g\– 7d]ndf ;~rflnt bh{gf}+ d;fh ;]G6/x¿df of}gJoj;fo x'g] u/]sfn] To;nfO{ Jojl:yt kfg{ cflwsfl/s lgsfon] 7f]; sbd rfNg'kg]{ eO;s]sf] 5 . 7d]ndf Ps ;oeGbf a9L ;+Vofdf d;fh ;]G6/x¿ v'n]sf 5g\ eg] btf{ u/]/ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{x¿ krf; k|ltzteGbf klg sd 5g\ .

ljb]zLd'b|f cfh{g ug]{ If]qsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt 7d]ndf nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo;gLsf] ;+Vof / d;fh ;]G6/x¿sf] a9\bf] laulauLnfO{ /f]Sg tTsfn plrt gLltlgodsf] th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zo ePsf] atfp“5g\, dgf]gLt j8f cWoIf ch'{g kf08] .

!@ jif{b]lv d;fh ;]G6/ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] atfpg] ;Ldf k'g elG5g\, …s]xL d;fh ;]G6/n] of}gJoj;fonfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ Joj;fox¿ ;~rfng ub}{df ;a}nfO{ d'5\g ldNb}g . csf{ Joj;foL 8]nL nfdfsf] ljrf/ clns km/s 5 . plg eG5g\, k|x/Ln] vf;} rf;f] gb]vfPsfn] d;fhx¿df of}gJoj;fo a9\b} uPsf] xf] .

ko{6sx¿nfO{ nlIft u/]/ ;~rfng ePsf] d;fh Joj;fodf of}gJoj;fosf] uGw km}lng yfn]kl5 cfGtl/s JolQmx¿sf] rfk a9]sf] 5 . ;do ldnfP/ d;fh wfpg] u/]sf Ps :jb]zL JolQm >Ls[i0f eGb5g\– klxnf–klxnf /]:6'/f“ uP/ 306f}+ a;]/ Jojxf/ ldnfpg'kYof]{ . t/, clxn] w]/} ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . 7d]nsf] Ps d;fh ;]G6/df sfo{/t ;? gfd atfpg] dlxnf elG5g\– …of}g Joj;fonfO{ j}wflgstf k|bfg ul/lbP k'ln; cfpnf ls egL 8/fpg' t kb}{g .Ú csf]{ d;fh ;]G6/df sfo{/t pld{nf elG5g\– …ljb]zdf a]lrP/ oxL Joj;fo ug'{eGbf cfÎg} b]zdf cfk"mv';L ug'{ w]/} /fd|f] .Ú

o;/L d;fh Joj;foL, d;fhdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L / d;fhsf u|fxsx¿ ;a}df d;fhk|lt gsf/fTds 5fk kl/;Sbf klg ;DalGwt lgsfon] Wofg gk'¥ofpg] xf] eg] ko{6g Joj;fonfO{ yfONofG8sf] h:tf] juL{s/0f ug{' gknf{ eGg ;lsGg .

s'g} :ki6 p2]Zo gePsf oL d;fhx¿df kf“r ;oeGbf a9L dlxnfx¿ ;+nUg 5g\ . tLdWo] clwsf+znfO{ d;fhsf] jf:tljs cy{ g} yfxf 5}g eg] d;fh l5g]{ clwsf+z g]kfnL u|fxsx¿nfO{ d;fh eg]sf] of}gJoj;fo xf] eGg] wf/0ffsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf 7d]ndf d;fh Joj;fo lsg / s]sf nflu eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ vf]Hg' cToGt} h?/L sfo{ ePsf] 5 .

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kL=PG8 hL=sf] gof“ pTkfbg – l/hf]O; :ofDk'

ljZjljVoft PkmPd;LhL sDkgL k|f]S6/ PG8 u]Dan -kLPG8hL_ n] cfÎgf] gof“ pTkfbg l/hf]O; :ofDk' g]kfnL ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . rf/ ca{ 8n/sf] o; ax'/fli6«o sDkgLsf Pl/on, 6fO8, k]lG6g, x]8 PG8 ;f]Nh/, lx\j:k/, leS;nufotsf pTkfbgx¿ clxn] g]kfnL pTkfbsx¿dfem nf]slk|o 5g\ . l5d]sL ef/tnufot Pl;ofsf 7"nf ahf/x¿df ;kmntfk"j{s k|j]z u/fOPkl5 l/hf]O; :ofDk'nfO{ g]kfnL ahf/df k|j]z u/fOPsf] xf] . of] :ofDk' af]6n / ;;] b'j}df pknJw 5 .

:ofDk' / slG8;g/ b'j}sf] ld>0f ePsf] l/hf]O; :ofDk' 6' Og jg :ofDk' xf] / of] ;'ky d"Nodf pknAw 5 . l/hf]O; :ofDk'sf k|fylds pkef]Qmfx¿ eg]sf u[lx0fL / sfdbf/ dlxnf g} x'g\ . t/, k'?ifsf nflu klg TolQs} pkof]uL ePsfn] o; :ofDk'"nfO{ Ps k"0f{ kfl/jfl/s :ofDk'"sf ?kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5 .

l/hf]O; :ofDk'df /x]sf] yk :d'bkgsf sf/0f o;n] skfnnfO{ g/d agfOlbG5 h;n] ubf{ skfndf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] pNemg /x"b}g / ;lhn} sf]g{ ;lsG5 . …skfnsf] pNemgaf6 ;'NemgÚ eGg] pb\3f]ifsf ;fy ahf/df cfPsf] l/hf]O; :ofDk'sf] ahf/d"No k]6 af]tntkm{ $)) ld=ln=, @)) ld=ln=/ !)) ld=ln=sf] qmdzM ?= @))÷–, ?= !!%÷– / ?=^)÷– sfod ul/Psf] 5 eg] ;;]tkm{ o;sf] ahf/ d"No ?= @÷–/flvPsf] 5 . ljZjljZoft kLPG8hL a|fG8sf] o; u'0f:t/Lo :ofDk'sf] d"No g]kfnL pkef]Qmfx¿sf] qmozlQm / ahf/nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;a}n] pkef]u ug{ ;lsg] b[li6sf]0fn] to ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] nflu kLPG8hLsf] clws[t laqm]tf o'gfO6]8 l8l:6«Ao'6;{ g]kfn k|f=ln=n] l/hf]O; :ofDk'n] klg cGo kLPG8hL pTkfbgx¿em}+ cfdg]kfnL pkef]Qmfx¿sf] dg lhTg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5 .

ahf/df 6fOu/ uf]N8 Aof6«L

uf]N8]g Aof6«L OG8l:6«h k|flnn] csf]{ Ps gof“ x]le8\o'6L Aof6«L ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . x]le8\o'6L Aof6«L pTkfbg ug]{ uf]N8]g Aof6«L OG8l:6«h k|f=ln= g]kfns} klxnf] pBf]u xf] . sDkgLn] NofPsf] of] gof“ x]le8\o'6L a|fG8 6fOu/ uf]N8 xf] / of] 7"nf] (R- 20) / ;fgf] (R- 6) ;fOhdf ahf/df pknAw x'g]5 .

g]kfns} klxnf] :jb]zL Aof6«L pTkfbg ug]{ uf]N8]g Aof6«L OG8l:6«h k|f=ln= g]kfndf Aof6«L pTkfbg ug]{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] sDkgL xf] . o;n] 6fOu/, 6fOu/ @))), ofl;df, ofl;df uf]N8, /]Gaf], uf]N8]g Oun / /f]a6{ a|fG8sf Aof6«Lx¿ pTkfbg u/L g]kfnL pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fp“b} cfPsf] 5 . 6fOu/ uf]N8 o; sDkgLsf] cf7f}+ a|fG8 xf] . u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg / dha't ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf] sf/0f o; pBf]usf ;a} a|fG8x¿ pkef]Qmfx¿df nf]slk|o /x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnL ahf/df /x]sf] x]lej]6 Aof6«Lsf] sdLnfO{ k"lt{ ug{ sDkgLn] of] gof“ a|fG8sf] Aof6«L ahf/df NofPsf] xf] . g]kfnL pkef]Qmfdfem o; sDkgLsf ;a} a|fG8x¿ nf]slk|o / :yflkt eO;s]sfn] ;fdfGo Aof6«LeGbf zlQmzfnL / w]/} vKg] 6fOu/ uf]N8 Aof6«Ln] klg g]kfnL pkef]Qmfsf] dg lhTg] ljZjf; pBf]u Joj:yfkgn] lnPsf] 5 .

a}+saf6 $@ nfv n'6

;z:q dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ;d"xn] hgsk'/ ldN; Pl/ofl:yt Pe/]:6 a}+s lnld6]8af6 sl/a $@ nfv ?k}of“ n'6]sf 5g\ . ut laxLaf/ laxfg kf}g] P3f/ ah] !@÷!$ hgfsf] ;d"xdf cfPsf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] k]:tf]n b]vfP/ ;'/Iff uf8{ / sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ a}+s n'6]sf lyP . hgsk'/sf] Jo:t ahf/df kGw| ldg]6leq} a}+s n'6]/ df]6/;fOsn / k}bn efu]sf dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ k|x/Ln] lk5f u/] klg s;}nfO{ kqmfp ug{ eg] ;s]sf] 5}g . a}+s n'6]sf] lbg dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cfwf bh{g 7fp“x¿df t'nad / k|];/ s's/ ad /fv]/ ;'/IffsdL{x¿nfO{ cNdNofP/ a}+s n'6\g ;kmn ePsf] :yfgLo ;'/Iff lgsfon] hgfPsf] 5 .

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hLPdsf 8f“sf n'6\b} efu] †

;/sf/L ;f“rf] clVtof/,

b'O{ ca{sf] 3f]6fnf b'O{ nfv hl/jfgf †

hgtfsf] cf“vfdf 5f/f]

clVtof/sf] sf/afxL ;a pwf/f] ††

of] uLt xf] zdz]/ rf}nfufO{+ -/fhs'df/_ sf] . /fhs'df/sf] of] uLtdf hlt oyfy{ 5, Tolt g} clVtof/sf] sfd÷sf/afxLsf] ljifodf hgdfg;df /x]sf] c;Gt'li6 klg k|s6 ePsf] 5 . cfufdL ufO{hfqfdf k|sflzt x'g] pgsf] uLlt–PNad k|xf/sf y'k|} rf]l6nfdWo]sf] Pp6f Joª\Uo uLt xf] of] . To;f] t pgL Jofj;flos ufos jf uLtsf/ xf]Ogg\ . t/sf/L laq]mtf oL @) jif]{ o'jf eG5g\– …b]z / ;dfhdf JofKt e|i6frf/, ljs[lt / cGofon] dnfO{ 3R3RofO/xG5 .Ú To;}n] pgL c;Gtf]if k|s6 u5{g\, uLtdfk{mt .

k'/fgf] afg]Zj/j/k/ a:g]x¿n] pgnfO{ cjZo lrGb5g\ . ;fgf] sbsf /fhs'df/ nfdf] 6'kL nsf{P/ cfÎgf] ;fgf] 7]nfdf uf]ne+]8f a]lr/x]sf x'G5g\ . k|foM pgL 5Gbdf g} u|fxs;“u s'/f u5{g\– …g]kfnL 6df6/ xf] xh'/, /fd|f] 5, dw]zL 6df6/ 5fDbf lunf] ksfpg ;fx|f] †Ú )%$ ;fnb]lv pgL nuftf/ 6df6/sf] Jofkf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . l;Gw'kfNrf]s, ef]6]rf}/ uflj; kf6Lufp“ pgsf] :yfoL 3/ xf] . t/sf/L Joj;fodf pgL PSn} 5}gg\ . pgsf bfh' gof“ afg]Zj/df t/sf/L a]R5g\ . …bfh' ag]kfaf6 yf]sdf 6df6/ Nofpg'x'G5, d a]R5' . gf/fo0fu9 / kf]v/fnfO{ klg xfdL 6df6/ ;KnfO u5f}{+Ú– pgL eG5g\ . 6df6/ a]r]/} dlxgfdf sd x'"bf klg kGw| xhf/ gfkmf u5{g\ pgL . cfÎgf] Joj;fok|lt uj{ ub}{ pgL eG5g\– …hfg] oxf“ htf klg k};}–k};f 5, of] sfd ug]{n] ljb]z hfg}kb}{g .Ú pgsf lktf klxn] g} :juL{o eO;s]sf 5g\ . cfdfrf“lx pgsf k|x/L bfO;“u kf]v/fdf al:5g\ .

/fhs'df/sf] kl/ro uf]ne]+8f Jofkf/L, snfsf/sf] dfq} 5}g . pgnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ nfU5, of t pgL ;dosf] ljk/Lt lx"l8/x]sf of t ;do pgL;“u} lx"8\g] s;/t ub}{5 . @) jifL{o oL gf}hjfgn] ef“8f df‰g]b]lv, kmf]xf]/ p7fpg], klqsf / Sof;]6 a]Rg]dfq xf]Og, ljqmd 6\ofDkf]sf] vnf;Lsf] klg sfd ul/;s]sf 5g\ . …;'?df sf7df8f}+ cfp“bf w]/} sfd u/]+ . t/sf/Lsf] Jofkf/df cfpg'cl3 w]/} 7fp“df ef“8f dfe]+m . kmf]xf]/rflx" lhGbuLsf] cg'ejsf nflu 5 dlxgfcl3 Ps lbg / Ps /ft p7fp“ . kl5 Pp6f vft]nfO{ lbP/ k7fp“ .Ú )%&–)%* ;fndf laxfg k9\b} l6k6k j]o/ afuahf/df ;]N; Dofg, To;}tfsf ! jif{ Do'lhs g]kfnsf] Sof;]6 a]Rg] sfd klg u/] . t/sf/Lsf] Jofkf/ x'"bfx'"b} klg pgL cGo y'k|} sfd u5{g\ . …d 8]9 nfvsf] cfÎg} df]6/;fOsn r9]/ Sof;]6 a]Ry]+ .Ú sf/0f < …of] If]qdf d]/f] ?lr, To;dfly Pp6f Sof;]6sf] !$÷!% ¿k}of“ kmfObf x'GYof] .Ú plg clxn] klg 6df6/df dfq} ;Lldt 5}gg\ . /flt 6\ofS;L rnfp“5g\ . slxn]sfxL+ 6\ofS;Laf6 sdfO gx'"bf 6df6/sf] sdfO;d]t a'emfp“5g\ ;fx'nfO{ . t/, 6\ofS;L rnfpg] sf/0f s] xf] t < k|Zg gv:b} pgsf] pQ/ cfp“5– …!@÷! gahL lgb}| nfUb}g clg s] ug'{, ;dosf] ;b'kof]u 6\ofS;L rnfP/ u5'{ . km]l/ xfdLh:tf o'jsn] Pp6f sfdnfO{ g} ;j{:j 7fg]/ ;Gt'i6 x'g] xf] eg] k|ult
s;/L x'G5 <Ú

s]xL ;do pgn] ;GWofsfnLg, sdf08/h:tf klqsf a]r], slxn] Po/kf]6{df kfgL a]r] . !@ jif{sf] pd]/b]lv :jfjnDaL ag]sf /fhs'df/;“u hlt hLjg / hutsf] cg'ej sd}df xf]nf . ef]6flx6Lsf] Pp6f ld7fO k;ndf pgn] Pslbg dfq ef“8f dfem]/ 5fl8lbP . lsg t < …Toxf“ sfdbf/nfO{ y'g]/ /fVy] . To:tf] g/sdf a:g s;/L dg dfGYof] .Ú ef“8f df‰g] z[ª\vnfdf pgsf c¿ klg y'k|} tLtfdL7f cg'ej 5g\ . …xf“8Lufp“df 8f= z+s/gfy pk|]tLsf elthsf] 3/df sfd ubf{ ;lhnf] lyof] . pxf“sf b'O{ 5f]/LnfO{ d}n] lbbL–alxgL dfg]sf] 5'Ú– pgL eG5g\ . e/tdf]xg clwsf/L cy{dGqL 5"bf pgn] dGqfnosf] SoflG6gdf klg s]xL dlxgf sfd u/] . …ah]6 efif0f x'g] ;dodf l;Ë}–l;Ë} df5f k|mfO u/]/ vfGy] dGqfnodfÚ pgL o:tf s}of}+ 36gf / ;dosf] ;fIfL 5g\ .

lemgf–dl;gf sfd pgn] lgs} u/] . ;fy}, 7"nf sfd klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgL cWoIf ePsf] Pp6f ;+:yf 5– ;Dkbf ;+/If0f d~r . k|fs[lts ;Dkbf, d7dlGb/ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf o;n] sfd u5{ . pgsf] ;+:yfdf 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ Jofkf/Lx¿ ;b:o 5g\ . ;Dkbf ;+/If0fs} ljifodf Pp6f PNad …;DkbfÚ kf]xf]/ g} ahf/df cfO;s]sf] 5 . o;If]qdf ?lr s;/L hfUof] t < pgsf] pQ/ a8f cgf}7f] 5– …Pslbg 3'Db} kz'klt hf“bf Pp6f hf]uLn] v}/]nfO{ lrD6fn] xflg/x]sf] b]v]+ . kl5 s'/f a'‰bf yfxf eof], Tof] v}/]n] kmf]6f] lvr]/ hf]uLnfO{ k};f lbPg5 . To;kl5 dnfO{ of]If]qdf s]xL ug{ dg nfUof] . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfåf/f ;~rflnt d]6«f] PkmPddf pgL nf]s, cfw'lgs uLtx¿sf] sfo{qmd rnfp“5g\ . g]kfn 6LeL d]6«f]sf nflu ;~rf/–;ËLt gfds sfo{qmdsf] klg lgdf{0f ub}{5g\ . @) jif{;Ddsf cfÎgf ;GtfgnfO{ s]6fs]6L 7fÌ] gjwgf9\o ;xl/of cfdfafa'sf nflu /fhs'df/ crDdsf] k|f0fL nfu] klg pgsf] kl/>d / ;kmntfn] ltgnfO{ luHofO/x]sf] 5 .

b'uf{gfy zdf{, s'df/ a:g]t, ;Gtf]if kGt, zDe' bfxfn pgnfO{ dgkg]{ dfG5]x¿ x'g\ eg] g]tfdf :j= u0f]zdfg pgsf cfbz{ x'g\ . /fhs'df/ /fhgLltdf ?lr /fV5g\ / eljiodf cfÎg} 7fp“ l;Gw'kfNrf]s If]q g+= # af6 pDd]bjf/ aÌ] pgsf] rfxgf 5 . c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbdnfO{ wf]sf dfg] klg g]tfx¿n] klg b]z / hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbPsf] pgsf] 7x/ 5 . l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf y'k|} ufp“df kl/lrt /fhs'df/ cfÎgf] If]qsf lgjt{dfg ;f+;b\ /fk|kf cWoIf kz'kltzdz]/ /f0ff;“u ;Gt'i6 5}gg\ . #% jif{;Dd Toxf“sf] k|ltlglw ag]/ klg If]qsf] ljsf;k|lt pbf;Lg /f0ffnfO{ nlIot u/]/ pgn] uLt agfPsf 5g\–

/fk|kfsf cWoIf kz'kltzdz]/ /f0ff,

sf7df8f}+glhs alQd'lg c"Wof/f]

l;Gw'kfNrf]s 8f“8f

dl/;s]sf] /f0ff zf;g #% jif{ :yflkt

ca x'g] r'gfjaf6 of] h'gLnfO{ /f0ff lj:yflkt †

k9]sf d"v{x¿sf nflu ;fgf] nfUg] nueu ;a} sfd pgn] u/]sf 5g\ . /, ltgn] ug{ g;Sg] sfd klg . cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf ;+:s[lt e'Ng], k|ultsf] gfddf sf]/f sNkgfdf x/fpg] / cfÎgf] df6f] la;]{/ cd]l/sf / a]nfotsf] ;kgf b]Vg]x¿sf nflu d]xgt / kl/>d u/] s] x'"b}g eÌ] ;fIfft\ pbfx/0f x'g\ zdz]/ rf}nfufO+{ . gof“ k':tfn] pgLaf6 w]/}
l;Sg ;S5g\ .

o1z/fh kl08t

ljsf; d~r a}7s ;DkGg

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn ljsf; d~rsf] a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . @# / @$ ut] /fhwfgLdf ;DkGg a}7sdf låkIfLo u/L @( bft[/fi6« tyf lgsfosf (( hgk|ltlglwx¿n] g]kfn ljsf; d~rsf] a}7sdf efu lnPsf lyP . d~rsf] of] rf}yf] a}7s xf] .

/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ ;8s cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf / /fhgLlts cGof}n / cl:y/tfsf] cj:yfdf ;DkGg a}7sdf bftf/fi6« tyf lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿n] /fhgLlts kl/l:yltnfO{ g} d"n d'2fsf ¿kdf p7fPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] cfly{s If]q ;'wf/ / ul/aL Go"gLs/0f /0fgLltkq b:tfj]hnufotsf ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿ cl3 ;f/]/ jflif{s %^ s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/sf] ;xof]u k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf] lyof] . bftfx¿n] ;/sf/sf] of] k|:tfjdf ;zt{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . a}7sdf k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / dfgjflwsf/sf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt x'g'kg]{ dfu bftfx¿n] p7fPsf 5g\ . /, pgLx¿n] d'n'sn] /fhgLlts lgsf; kfPsf] cj:yfdf dfq ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ .

a}7sdf bftfx¿n] ;/sf/n] ljutdf ;'? u/]sf] sltko ljsf; / ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx¿ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cufl8 a9\g g;s]sf] hgfp“b} c;Gt'li6 JoQm u/]sf lyP . c:6«]lnof, cl:6«of, Sofg8f, rLg, 8]gdfs{, O{o", lkmgNofG8, k|mfG;, hd{gL, ef/t, O6fnL, hfkfg, sf]l/of, s'a]t kmG8, g]b/NofG8, ga]{, ?;, ;fpbL kmG8, l:j6\h/NofG8, a]nfot, cd]l/sf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3, cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]if, Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s, ljZja}+s, cfO{PkmP8L, cfO{Pkm;Lsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;d]t a}7sdf efu lnPsf lyP .

8]9 ;o 3/ hn]/ gi6

ljdn 7fs'/

nxfg . udL{ ;“u–;“u} t/fO{df cfuhgLsf] 36gfx¿ k|foM b]lvg] / ;'lgg] ul/G5 . k|To]s jif{ dfgjLo Iflt, hLj–hGt'sf] Iflt tyf cGo gf]S;fgLx¿ Joxf]g'{k/]sf] x'G5 vf;u/L xfjfx'/Lsf sf/0f .

o; jif{sf] udL{ofdsf] ;'?cftb]lv xfn;Dd cfunfuLsf sf/0f l;/fxf lhNnfdf @ ;o @^ / ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ! ;o #& 3/x¿ hn]/ gi6 eO;s]sf 5g\ . l;/fxf lhNnfdf cfunfuLsf sf/0f b'O{ aflnsfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] # hgf 3fOt];d]t ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L cfunfuLaf6 l;/fxf / ;Kt/L lhNnfdf s/f]8f} d"No a/fa/sf] ;DklQ;d]t hn]/ gi6 eO;s]sf] 5 . ufp“–3/lt/ /x]sf] k/fnn] 5fPsf] 3/ / k/fn hDdf u/L /flvPsf] 7fp“df cfuf]sf] ;fgf] lemNsf]n] g} 7"nf] ljgfzsf] ?k lng ;S5 .

;Kt/L lhNnfsf] Og?jf k'mnjl/of–% l:yt 8ª/fxL ufp“df ux'" r'6\g] y|];/ d];gaf6 lg:s]sf] cfuf]sf] lemNsf]af6 s]xL lbgcufl8 o:t} ljgfz x'g uof] . dflg;x¿ 3/jf/ljxLg x'g'sf] ;fy} s/f]8f} a/fa/sf] Iflt klg x'g k'Uof] . ufp“df /x]sf] ! ;o @% ljBfyL{x¿ cWoog/t k|fylds ljBfno klg hn]/ gi6dfq ePg ls ljBfnosf] Pp6f b/fhafx]s ;Dk"0f{ kmlg{r/x¿;d]t ;vfk} eof] . ufp“3/df cfuf] nfUbf glhssf] ;x/x¿af6 bdsn k'Ug s]xL ;do t nfU5, To;df klg ufp“;Dd k'Ug] af6f] klg slt 7fp“df ;'ud x'"b}g\ . emg\ s'g} ufp“df t ;f“3'/f] af6f]sf] sf/0f bdsnnfO{ 7fp“df k'Ug ;d]t cK7\of/f] x'g] ub{5 .

dfcf]jfbL aGbdf bz s/f]8 Iflt

hgsk'/wfd . wg'iff lhNnfdf sfo{/t dfcf]jfbLsf ljleGg sld6Lx¿n] cfÎgf b'O{ sfo{stf{sf] zf]sdf j}zfv @) ut] cfx\jfg u/]sf] aGbsf] k"j{ ;GWofdf b'O{j6f a;, Pp6f ;+:yfgsf] :6];g / k'ndf tyf b'O{j6f s[lif sfof{nodf cfunfuL u/L !) s/f]8sf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . cg'xf/ 5f]k]sf z:qwf/Lx¿n] zlgaf/ /flt 8]9 ah] s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf k|j]z ub}{ l8k af]l/ª d]l;g, q]mg / lhknfO{ k"0f{tM Iflt k'¥ofP . Pp6f l/ª d]l;gsf] d"No Ps s/f]8 /x]sf] s[lif zfvfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

hfkfg ;/sf/n] hgsk'/ c~rnsf cl;l~rt Pj+ af“emf] hUufdf e"luut l;"rfO k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] :yflkt gS6flemh kmfd{n] g]kfn clw/fHodf l8k af]l/ª ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . s[lifsfo{df ;xfos aGb} cfPsf] ;f] kmfd{df @) j6f uf8LnfO{ cf+lzs Iflt ePsf] 5 . s[lif ljsf;sf lgldQ k|d'v k"mnu]g k|wfgn] cf7 s/f]8sf] Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ . Iflt k'u]sf pks/0fx¿df h!u @@# g+= sf] k'mn 6\ofª\s/, h!u @@) g++= h!u @@! g+= / h!u !&( g+= sf] kfgL 6\ofª\s/ h!u @)$ g+= h!u @)% g+= h!u @() g+= sf] qm]g 6«s, h!u @)^ h!u @!* g+=, h!u @!(g+=sf] 8Dk 6«s -8Dkm/_ h!em @^ g+= sf] lhk, h!u ^& g+= sf] ldgLa;, h!u @!$, h!u @!% g+=, h!u !#% g+= sf] l/ª -l8«n ug]{_ d]l;g, h!u @$% g+= h!u= @$^ g+= sf] na8L 6«]n/ / l8hn kDk /x]sf 5g\ .

To:t} z'qmaf/ /flt dfcf]jfbLn] sdnf l;"rfO cfof]hgfsf nf]8/, 8f]h/ / zlgaf/ /flt :sfOe6]/;d]t cfuhgL u/L nueu b'O{ s/f]8sf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .

o;n] ubf{ sdnf l;"+rfOsf] gx/ 6'6km'6 ePdf jf gbLdf afn'jf–9'Ëf y'lk|Pdf h:tfsf] To:t} /xg]5 . ls;fgsf] hUufdf kfgL nufpg] sfd;d]t aGb x'g]5 .

r}q @@ ut] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ob'sf]xfdf cfqmd0f u/]kZrft\ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f ;r{ cleofg hf/L eof] . wg'iff lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltcGtu{t Pl/of g+= @ sf ;b:o tyf ljz]if sfo{bnsf ;]S;g sdf08/ dx]Gb| zfx -;'dg_ pkrf/ u/fpg j}zfv rf/ ut] uO/x]sf] a]nf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/]/ xTof u/]sf] cf/f]k dfcf]jfbLsf] 5 . To:t} gf}jfvf]/ k;f{xLsf ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ wg'iffsf ;b:o hflx/ x';]g -?bn_ 3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L xTof u/]sf] cf/f]k dfcf]jfbLn] nufp“b} j}zfv @) ut] wg'iff aGbsf] cfx\jfg u/]sf] lyof] .

g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljz]if bn wg'iffsf ;xfos sdf08/ cleif]s, ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ wg'iffsf k|d'v lji0f'b]j ofbj / wg'iff lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltåf/f P]ltxfl;s aGb ePsf] n]lvPsf] 5 . aGbsf] k"j{;GWofdf kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qfåf/f ul/Psf] sf/afxL / ;+3if{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLs} zAbdf ;+uLtf 6«feN;, clUg 6«feN;, sdnf l;"rfOsf uf8Lx¿, cfuhgL ;'/fsL O;'n /fOg / /fhLz/0f ofbjsf] ;kmfof ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} s[lif ljsf; gS6flemh / hgsk'/ /]Nj]sf] dlxgfyk'/ :6];g / k'n hnfOPsf] ;d]t :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLsf] aGb sfo{qmd, a;af6 ofq' cf]/fnL cfuf] nufpg', ls;fgsf] af“emf] uUufdf kfgL nufpg] sfd ug]{ gS6flemh kmfd{ / sdnf l;"rfO of]hgfsf] uf8Ldf cfuhgL ug'{ / ;kmfof ug]{ sfo{sf] Pdfn]sf c~rn OGrfh{ Pj+ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdrGb| emfn] lj/f]w ub}{ cfttfoLsf] ;+1f lbg'eof] . ljZj k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf] cj;/df emfn] eGg'eof]– Psftk{m /fhgLlts bn;“u ldn]/ hfg] s'/f /fVg', csf{lt/ /fhgLltsdL{nfO{ ;'/fsLsf] cf/f]k nufp“b} xTof ug'{af6 dfcf]jfbLsf] å}wrl/q k|bz{g eO/x]sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLn] of]eGbf cl3 o'b'sf]xfsf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf cfqmd0f ubf{ !! hgf ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLtk{m tLg bh{g sfo{stf{sf] d[To'sf] cg'dfg lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] u/]sf] lyof] . To;cl3 c;f]h !) ut] hgsk'/sf] b"/;~rf/ 6fj/nufotsf :yfgdf ad lj:kmf]6 u/fOPsf] lyof] . To;df b"/;~rf/nfO{ dfq c9fO s/f]8sf] Iflt ePsf] lyof] . To;sf/0f eLPrPkm 6]lnkmf]g nfOg clxn];Dd ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

sdn ;fx

u'7Lsf] sfd k|x/Lsf] xftdf

hgsk'/wfd . u'7Lsf] hUuf sd{rf/L, dxGt jf ;j{;fwf/0fåf/f dfnkf]t / e"ld;'wf/sf] ldnf]dtf]df a]rlavg x'g'sf] k|d'v sf/0f hUuf–hldgsf] tYout k|df0fsf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ k"lt{ ug{ If]qLo k|x/L sfof{no hgsk'/n] kfOnf rfn]sf] 5 .

hgsk'/ gu/kflnsfIf]qleqsf] hldg clt ax'd"No dfq xf]Og, ;f+:s[lts tyf k'/ftflŒjs ynf];d]t xf] . k|frLg hgs;/f]j/ k'/ftflŒjs:yn dflgG5 . To:tf 7fp“;d]t d7fwLzx¿n] laqmL ul/;s]sf 5g\ . To:tf] sfo{ ca /f]lsof];\ eg]/ If]qLo k|x/L sfof{no hgsk'/n] cu|;/tf b]vfPsf] xf] . /]s8{ tof/ ePkl5 d7dlGb/sf] ljsf;lglDt kz'klt ljsf; sf]ifh:t} hfgsL PsLs[t ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf x'g'kg]{ / To;tk{m kxn ug]{ ;f]r /x]sf] P;P;kL r"8faxfb'/ >]i7 atfp“5g\ .

hgsk'/sf d7fwLzx¿n] dfGohgsf] ¿kdf hfgsL dlGb/sf dxGtnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] x'gfn] 6«:6sf] kIfdf /x]sf :yfgfwLzx¿ ;d]t lj/f]wdf pqg k'u] . s'/f ToxL+ :ylut x'g uPsf] lyof] .

If]qLo k|x/L sfof{no hgsk'/n] /]s8{ tof/ ug{ hgzlQm v6fPsf] 5 . 8]9 dlxgf nufO{ tof/ kfl/Psf] /]s8{cg';f/ /fdrGb| u'7Lsf] gfp“df !# lauxf !# s¶f !& w'/ ^ sgjf, hfgsLhL :yfgsf] gfp“df @^ laufxf kf“r s¶f tLg w'/ kf“r sgjf, nId0f dlGb/ u'7L @! laufxf !) s¶f !$ w'/ ! sgjf, s'jf :yfg u'7Lsf] gfp“df #@ laufxf, xg'dfggu/ u'7Lsf] gfp“df cf7 laufxf tLg s¶f / /fhb]jL :yfg -s'jf_ u'7Lsf] gfp“df b'O{ laxfuf !# s¶f !) w'/ /x]sf] 5 .

To:t} a/fxL s'6Lsf] gfp“df Ps laxfuf Ps s¶f rf/ w'/ Ps sgjf, u'7L ;+:yfgsf] gfp“df tLg laufxf tLg s¶f cf7 w'/ Ps sgjf, clUg s'08sf] gfp“df tLg laufxf rf/ w'/ b'O{ sgjf, ;Ltfs'08sf] gfp“df kf“r laufxf !) s¶f !@ w'/ b'O{ sgjf, a/xL u'7Lsf] gfp“df b'O{ laufxf b'O{ s¶f b'O{ w'/, /Tg;fu/sf] gfp“df #@ laufxf !# s¶f b'O{ w'/, /fdhfgsL eujfg\sf] gfp“df ;ft laufxf Ps s¶f tLg w'/ / hfgsL dlGb/sf] gfp“df @% laufxf !* s¶f rf/ w'/ tLg sgjf /x]sf] 5 . hgsk'/sf d7dlGb/sf] gfddf !&* laufxf Ps s¶f !% w'/ kf“r sgjf hldg ptf/ eO;s]sf] 5 . wfld{s ;+3–;+:yf tyf d7–dlGb/sf] gfp“df /x]sf] hUuf–hldg ptf/ ug]{ sfo{ If]qLo k|x/L sfof{noaf6 eO/x]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;sf/fTds eGb} o; sfo{nfO{ lgoldttf lbg'kg]{ ljrf/ :yfgLo a'l4hLjLsf] 5 .