Kathmandu, Sunday, January 09, 2005,  Paush 25, 2061. 

;dfrf/

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No km]l/ a9\g]

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cGt/f{li6«o d"No ;dfof]hg ug]{ p2]Zon] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIf 8f= z+s/ zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ul7t ljz]if ;ldltn] k'gM d"No a9fpg ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj k]z ug]{ ePsf] 5 . Ps÷b'O{ lbgd} cWoIf 8f= zdf{n] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg'ePdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] t];|f] r/0fsf] d"Nojl4 o;};ftf x'g] jf geP csf]{ ;ftf;Dddf x'g] ;ldlt ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 . cfon lgud pRr ;|f]tsf cg';f/, ut dlxgf ul7t pQm ;ldltn] tLg ;ftfcl3 g} d"No a9fpg] ;DaGwdf ;'emfj k]z ug'{kg]{ lyof] . t/, 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f, 8f= pk]Gb| sf]O/fnf -sfo{sf/L cWoIf cfon lgud_, ;Qf?9 bnsf g]tfx? 8f= dLg]Gb| l/hfn, d'lQmgfy d08n, /fh]Gb| kf08] cflb ;lDdlnt ;ldltsf] a}7s ;dodf x'g g;Sbf ;ldltn] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;s]sf] lyPg . otf, 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f ;+of]hs /x]sf] sfo{bnn] kf“rdlxgfcl3 g} a'emfPsf] k|ltj]bgdf k'; dlxgfleqdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No cGt/f{li6«o ahf/;“u ;dfof]hg ul/;Sg ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . k'; dlxgf ;dfKt x'g nflu/x]sf] a]nfdf k'gM d"No a9\g] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . gof“ ;ldltsf ;b:o tyf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= vltj8f ueg{/ aGg] xf]8df /xg'ePsfn] klg d"Noj[l4;DaGwL 5nkmnx?df pxf“n] efu glnOlb"bf ;'emfj k]z ug{ l9nfO ePsf] ;ldlt ;"qsf] bfaL 5 .

;/sf/df axfn ePkl5 Psdlxgfleq b'O{k6s d"Noj[l4 u/]sf] b]pjf–;/sf/n] k]ml/ t];|f] r/0fsf] d"Noj[l4 u/]/ cfnf]rgf v]Kg grfx]/} t]naf6 x'"b} cfPsf] 3f6fnfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ cfPsf] atfOG5 . k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No cGt/f{li6«o ?kd} dflyNnf] laGb'df k'u]kl5 cS6f]a/ / gf]e]Da/ dlxgfdf k|ltdlxgf &) s/f]8 3f6f Joxf]g'{k/]sf] lgudn] atfPsf] lyof] . t/, clxn] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df sRrf t]nsf] d"No k|ltAof/]n $* 8n/b]lv %) 8n/sf]aLrdf /x]sfn] l8;]Da/kl5 dfl;s $* s/f]8 3f6f Joxf]g'{k/]sf] lgudn] hgfPsf] 5 .

ljQLo ?kn] 6f6 kN6]sf] cfon lgudn] ef/tLo cfon lgudnfO{ k]6«f]lno kbfy{afkt ltg'{kg]{ dfl;s /sd ltg{ g;s]kl5 ;/sf/n] 8]9 ca{ C0f k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . t/, Tof] 8]9 ca{n] s]xL dlxgf wfg] klg t]n a]r]/} 3f6f vfPsf] lgudnfO{ yk /sdsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] atfOG5 . lgud ;"qsf cg';f/, cfufdL hgj/L !% df e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ l8;]Da/ dlxgfsf] /sd sxf“af6 ltg]{ eGg] ;d:ofn] lgudnfO{ ;tfpg yfln;s]sf] 5 . ef/tLo cfon lgudnfO{ g]kfn cfon lgudn] a'emfpg'kg]{ k'/fgf] lx;fa g} ? &) s/f]8 af“sL 5 . ;LdfjtL{ ef/tdf eGbf g]kfndf l8h]n bz ?k}of“ ;:tf] k|ltln6/ #% ?k}of“df, d§Lt]n !@ ?k}of“ ;:tf] k|ltln6/ @* ?k}of“df / k]6«f]n ef/teGbf ;ft ?k}of“ ;:tf]df laqmL eO/x]sf] 5 . d"No cGt/sf sf/0f klg v'nf ;Ldfaf6 7"nf] dfqfdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ t:s/L ePsf sf/0f 3f6f pRr x'g k'u]sf] ts{ lgud Joj:yfkgn] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

x]df]lkmlnofdf hgr]tgfsf] sdL

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . dx"uf] pkrf/ ljlw, hgr]tgfsf] sdL / ;/sf/L a]jf:tfsf] sf/0f x]df]lkmlnofsf la/fdLx¿ df/df kl//x]sf 5g\ .

x]df]lkmlnof ;f];fO6L g]kfnsf cg';f/ ;g\ @))$ sf] cGTo;Dddf g]kfndf sl/a @ ;o JolQmx¿ of] /f]uaf6 kLl8t /x] klg g]kfndf x]df]lkmlnofsf /f]uLsf] ;+Vof xhf/f}+ x'g;Sg] atfOPsf] 5 . x]df]lkmlnof j+zf0f'ut /Qmljs[lt xf] h;df rf]6k6s nfu]df /ut lg/Gt/ ¿kdf alu/xg] / ghDg] k|sf/sf] nIf0f b]vfk5{ .

/utdf x'g] !# k|sf/sf ÎofS6/x¿ cf7f}+, gjf}+ / bzf}+dWo] Pssf] sdLn] x]df]lkmlnof nfUb5 . x/]s bz xhf/df Pshgf JolQm of] /f]uaf6 kLl8t x'g] u/]sf] x]df]lkmlnof ljz]if1 8f= /~hgk|;fb l;+x atfpg'x'G5 . dlxnfeGbf k'?ifdf of] j+uf0f'ut /f]u b]vf kb{5 . o;sf sf/0f cfGtl/s /Qm>fj eO{ hLpdf gLn8fd b]lvg], hf]gL{ tyf df+;k]zLx¿ ;'lGgg] / ;fgf] 3fp rf]6k6sdf klg cTolws /Qm>fj x'g] ub{5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ hf]gL{df k6s–k6s /Qm>fj x'"bf b'vfO clws x'G5 / ;dodf pkrf/ gkfP hf]gLsf] agfj6 lau|g uO{ la/fdLx¿ ckfË aGg ;Sb5g\ . dl:tisdf / k]6 tyf cfGb|fdf /Qm>fj ePsf x]df]lkmlnofsf la/fdLn] tTsfn pkrf/ gu/] d[To' x'g] vt/f;d]t /xG5 .

dx"uf] pkrf/ ljlw

x]df]lkmlnof Ps j+zfg'ut /f]u ePsfn] of] /f]unfO{ k"0f{tof lgsf] kfg]{ k|ljlw xfn;Dd ljsl;t ePsf] 5}g . xf]l;of/L / lgoldt cf}iflw k|of]un] la/fdLsf] af“Rg] pd]/ a9fpg dfq ;lsG5 . o'/f]k]nL d'n'sx¿df lhgy]/fkLsf] dfWodaf6 gk'u /utsf] ÎofS6/ xfnL ul/g] pkrf/sf] k|of; k|f/lDes r/0fdf g} /x]sf] 5 . lhgy]/f]kLsf] k|of]u ;kmn ePdf j+zfg'ut ljs[lt x]df]lkmlnofnfO{ k"0f{tof lgsf] kfg]{ ljZjf; o'/f]k]nL lrlsT;f j}1flgsx¿n] lnPsf 5g\ .

ljz]if1 8f= /~hgk|;fb l;+xsf cg';f/ ;fdfGo tyf Ps x]df]lkmlnofsf] la/fdLsf] pkrf/sf nflu jflif{s 8]9nfv;Dd vr{ x'g;S5 . x/]sk6s rf]6k6s nfUgf;fy of /Qm>fj x'gf;fy la/fdLnfO{ g]kfndf KnfHdf lbOg] ul/G5 . /utaf6 lgsflnPsf] KnfHdfsf] ÎofS6/ k'gM 5fg]/ lgsfnL la/fdLnfO{ lbO"bf vlr{nf] kg{ uPsf] xf] . 8f= /~hg eG5g\– æPsk6s lbOPsf] ÎofS6/n] cf7 306fsf] nflu dfq sfd ub{5 .Æ j+zf0f'ut ¿kdf /f]uLsf] zf/L/df cefj /x]sf] /ut ÎofS6/ cf7÷gf} / bz /utaf6 5fg]/ lgsflnG5 . t/, oL ÎofS6/ 5FGg] k|lqmof g]kfn / ef/tdf x'"b}gg\, o'/f]k]nL /fi6«af6 Nofpg'kg]{ ePsfn] k|lt !) ldnL efOnsf] !) xhf/eGbf a9L kg]{ ub{5 . ;fdfGo cfly{s l:yltsf la/fdLn] /ut–ÎofS6/sf] efOn vl/b ug{ g;Sg] sf/0fn] pgLx¿ KnfHdfdf lge{/ /xg'k/]sf] 5 . ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIf 8f=ls/0f dfgGw/sf cg';f/ x]df]lkmlnofsf la/fdLn] lgoldt ¿kdf /QmtŒj lng'kg]{ ePsfn] pgLx¿ PrcfO{eL / x]kf6fOl6; h:tf /QmhGo /f]usf] vt/fdf /x]sf x'G5g\ .

;fdfGo :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] pknAwtf;d]t gePsf b'u{d ufp“x¿df x]df]lkmlnofaf/] hgr]tgfsf] sdL 5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ x]df]lkmlnof /f]uLsf] klxrfg ug{ r]tgfsf] sdLn] klg cK7\of/f] eO/x]sf] 5 .

jl/i7 kqsf/ lj/xLsf] zNolqmof

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

jl/i7 kqsf/ Pj+ k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf k"j{cWoIf xl/x/ lj/xLsf] d[uf}nfdf /x]sf] kTy/L zNolqmofaf6 ;kmntfk"j{s lgsflnPsf] 5 . ut a'waf/ d]l8s]o/ c:ktfn rfalxndf 8f= k|]d/fh 1jfnLn] pxf“sf] zNolqmof ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;kmn zNolqmofkZrft\ pxf“ lxhf] zlgaf/b]lv 3/d} cf/fd ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfxadf]lhd cfk"m 3/ kmls{Psf] pxf“n] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg'eof] . d]l8s]o/ c:ktfndf lj/xLsf] :jf:Yol:ylt a'‰g ut laxLaf/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . b]zfGt/kl/jf/ pxf“sf] zL3| :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ub{5 .

;+j]bgxLg ;/sf/

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

/fhfåf/f dgf]gLt t];|f] b]pjf–Pdfn] u7aGwg ;/sf/ b]z, hgtf / dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu geO{ sdfpg / df]hd:tL ug{ cfPsf] k|dfl0ft lbg–k|ltlbg x'"b} uPsf] 5 . d'n's lx+;f / åGån] bGbgL aln/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLkLl8t lj:yflkt eP/ xftd'v hf]g{ ;ls/x]sf 5|}gg\ . t/, ;/sf/ l6sfpg h]–h:tf] xs{t ug{ tof/ z]/axfb'/ b]pjf / k|ltudg cf+lzs ;lRrPsf] axfgf agfO{ sdfpg ;/sf/df uPsf Pdfn]x¿ cfÎg} eQf a9fpg / cfkmGtnfO{ /fli6«o 9's'6L n'6fpg Jo:t 5g\ .

laxLaf/ a;]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] dGqL Sjf6{/ k'Nrf]sdf ga:g] dGqLx¿sf nflu 7"nf] /sd j[l4 u/]sf] 5 . !& xhf/ ef8f kfPsf dGqLx¿sf] 3/ef8f j[l4 u/L @% xhf/, !@ xhf/ kfPsf /fHo÷;xfos dGqLx¿sf] @) xhf/ 3/ef8f k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . o;/L eQf a9fpg] lg0f{odf k|hftflGqs Pdfn]–/fk|kf–/fhfsf k|ltlglw s;}n] lj/f]w gu/]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLx¿ l/n] cg;gdf

;'Gb/Lhnl:yt h]ndf /x]sf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] lxhf] zlgaf/b]lv l/n] cg;g -ef]s x8\tfn_ ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . ;ft} lbg cfkmGt;“u e]63f6 ug{ kfpg'kg]{ / h]nleq lgjf{w ¿kdf kqklqsf k9\g kfpg'kg]{ pgLx¿sf] dfu 5 . Ps dlxnf;lxt !& dfcf]jfbL aGbLx¿n] h]n/dfk{mt ut k'; !% ut] cfÎgf pQm dfux¿ k"/f ug{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ 1fkgkq lbPsf lyP . cfÎgf] dfudfly ;'g'jfO gePkl5 lxhf]b]lv ef]s x8\tfn ;'? u/]sf] pgLx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .

d'lvofnfO{ k|ltlnlk clwsf/df ljBfjfl/lw

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn n SofDk;sf pk–k|fWofks anaxfb'/ d'lvofn] g]kfnd} klxnf]k6s k|ltlnlk clwsf/ -skL /fO6_ ljifodf ljBfjfl/lw pkflw xfl;n ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;fy}, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, sfg'g ;Ífoaf6 ljBfjfl/lw pkflw xfl;n ug]{ pxf“ bf];|f] JolQm klg x'g'ePsf] 5 . ut k'; $ ut] a;]sf] lq=lj= sfg'g ;Ífosf] a}7sn] pxfnfO{ ;f] pkflw k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] .

o;cl3 d'lvofn]] …slk/fO6 PG8 lnun k|f]6]S;g l;:6d Og g]klnh k;{k]lS6eÚ ljifodf k|:t't ug'{ePsf] zf]wk|aGwdf Ps ljz]if1 ;ldltn] lnPsf] df}lvs k/LIffkZrft\ ;f] ;ldltn] pxf“nfO{ pkflw k|bfg ug]{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] ljz]if1 ;ldtLdf sfg'g ;Ífo lbNnL ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks 8f= xf]6Lk|;fb, zf]w–lgb]{zs k|fWofks 8f= ZofdsfGt l;njfn, k|fWofks 8f= /fh]z uf}td / zf]wljz]if1 k|fWofks sgsljqmd yfkf x'g'x'GYof] . pkflw xfl;n u/]kl5 b]ZffGt/;“u s'/f ub}{ 8f= d'lvofn] g]kfndf k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;DaGwdf cToGt Go"g r]tgf:t/ /x]sf] / cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj Pj+ bfaL sdhf]/ /x]sf]df cfkm"n] o; cefjnfO{ k"lt{ ug]{ k|of; ug]{ atfpg'eof] .

dfcf]jfbLåf/f /fhdfu{df s/ c;'n

/¨k|;fb ltldlN;gf

s}nfnL . g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;+o'Qm lhNnf hg;ldlt s}nfnLn] s}nfnL lhNNffsf] dWojtL{ tyf ;'b"/k"jL{ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{df kg]{ Onfsfdf gof“;Qfsf] cg'dlt k|fKt ;jf/L–;fwg btf{ u/f}+, ;xof]u:j¿k gof“ hg;ldltnfO{ ;jf/L s/ a'emfcf}+ eGg] gf/f n]lvPsf] Aofg/ 6f“;L dx]Gb| /fhdfu{df c:yfoL Aofl/o/ lgdf{0f u/L ;jf/L–;fwgx¿af6 s/ p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

;'b"/klZrdsf ljleGg lhNnfx¿df dfcf]jfbL ultljlw tLj| kfl//xs} a]nf ufp“df ;/sf/L ;'/Iffansf] pkl:ylt z"Go ePsf] cj;/ kf/]/ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] kf}if dlxgfsf] @) ut] s}nfnLsf] r'xf, @! ut] alnof tyf @@ ut] alnofsf] nDsL ahf/b]lv sl/a @ lsld k"j{ cfdvf]nL eGg] 7fp“df ;jf/L–;fwgx¿af6 s/ p7fPsf lyP . dfcf]jfbLn] ljleGg oftfoftsf ;jf/L–;fwgx¿af6 ;jf/L–;fwgcg';f/ ?= # ;ob]lv % ;o;Dd s/ c;'n ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] o;af6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] cK7\of/f] gkg]{ / cfÎgf] kf6L{sf] ef}lts pkl:ylt b]vfpg tyf cfly{s ;xof]u ;Íngsf nflu of] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] dfcf]jfbLn] hgfPsf] 5 .

oftfoftsf b[li6n] ;d]t ;'ud dx]Gb| /fhdfu{d} ;/sf/L lgoGq0f gx'g'nfO{ :yfgLo hgtfn] cfZro{sf ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] cfGtl/s ultljlw xfn cfP/ t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df ;d]t ;'rf? ¿kn] ;~rfng eO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ptf, s}nfnLs} r'xfaf6 ut kf}if @) ut] dfcf]jfbLn] cfÎgf] sAhfdf lnPsf # hgf ef/tLo ;]gfdf sfo{/t hjfg tyf ! hgf ef/tLo ;]gfsf e"tk"j{ hjfgnfO{ @ lbgkl5 @@ ut] :yfgLo dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/ tyf gful/s ;dfhsf JolQmx¿sf] pkl:yltdf s}nfnLsf] alnofaf6 d'Qm u/]sf 5g\ . pQm sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbLsf :yfgLo Pl/of OGrfh{ lzlz/ tyf csf{ Ps sfo{stf{ k|sfzsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

ef]hk'/df cf“vf lzlj/

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+ . ef]hk'/df ut kf}if !# ut]b]lv !^ ;Dd ;DkGg lgMz'Ns cf“vf lzlj/df !^ ;o /f]uLx¿n] cf“vf hf“r u/fPsf lyP . h;dWo] %$ hgfsf] df]tLlaGb'sf] zNolqmof ePsf] lyof] eg] ^ hgfsf] n3' zNolqmof ul/Psf] lxdfno :jf:Yo tyf lzIff ;dfh g]kfnn] hgfPsf] 5 .

lzlj/ ccf]sf hfkfgsf] ;xof]u tyf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L ef]hk'/, g]qHof]lt ;+3, lxdfno :jf:Yo tyf lzIff ;dfh g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ePsf] lyof] . ef]hk'/ SofDk; k|fË0fdf ;~rflnt pQm cf“vf lzlj/df ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf ^# uflj; / l5d]sL lhNnfx¿ vf]6fª ;+v'jf;ef / wgs'6fsf :yfgLo hgtf;d]t cf“vfhf“r u/fpg cfPsf lyP .

o'jtL a]Rg] lu/f]x kqmfp

lrtjg . nnfO{–kmsfO{ !(÷@) jif{sf b'O{ o'jtLnfO{ a]Rg nf“b} u/]sf rf/hgfsf] Ps lu/f]xnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no lrtjgn] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . g'jfsf]6 sNof0fk'/ uflj; * / sfe|] kf“rvfn uflj; ( a:g] tL b'O{ o'jtLx¿nfO{ lu/f]xn] vf;fdf sk8f Joj;fo ug{ hfg] eg]/ e'mSofO{ a]Rg n}hfg nfUbf k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] xf] .

kqmfp kg]{x¿df g'jfsf]6 lzv/a];L uflj; $ a:g] Zofds[i0f kl08t / pgs} >LdtL ;'zLnf kl08t /x]sf 5g\ .

o;}u/L /;'jf lhNnf ;|f]dynL uflj; % a:g] !( jif{sf k|sfz eÌ] ;f]daxfb'/ lyª / /;'jfs} ef]n]{ uflj; % a:g] @@ jif{sf ;fu/ eÌ] cfOt] anfgnfO{ klg k|x/Ln] klqmPsf] 5 . cfk"mx¿nfO{ >Ldfg\ eÌ nufP/ tL o'jtLx¿nfO{ kmsfO{ ef/tlt/ a]Rg n}hfg nfu]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . k|x/Lsf cg';f/ tL o'jtLx¿ cljjflxt 5g\ .

– /fw]Zofd vltj8f

8f]6Ldf ;of}+ ljBfyL{ ckXt

dLg 7s'/L

8f]6L . dfcf]jfbL cleofgaf6 kms]{sf] b'O{ lbg x'g gkfp“b} k'gM 8f]6L lhNnfsf klZrdL If]qsf ljleGg ljBfnox¿af6 dfcf]jfbLn] sl/a kf“r ;o ljBfyL{ / lzIfsnfO{ laxLaf/ cfÎgf] ljz]if cleofgdf eGb} ckx/0f u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] pgLx?nfO{ o;cl3 ckx/0f u/L !% lbgkl5 ut a'waf/ l/xf u/]sf lyP . t/, To;sf] nuQ} ef]lnkN6 laxLaf/ k'gM ljz]if cleofgsf gfddf pgLx?nfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] 5 . sIff ^ b]lv !) ;Dd cWoog/t ljBfyL{ / lzIfsx?nfO{ kf“r lbgkl5 dfq 5f]l8g] atfOPsf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ p4[t ub}{ Ps ljBfyL{n] atfPsf 5g\ .

ljBfno kf]zfsd} efu]/ lbkfon k'u]sf k|eft pRr dflj b]xLdf08f}sf Ps ljBfyL{n] atfPcg';f/ dfc]fjfbLn] 8f]6Lsf klZrdL If]qsf /fwfs[i0f dflj, uf]k3f6, l;4]Zj/ dflj agn]s, k|eft pRr dflj b]lxdf08f}, ;Ltf/fd pRr df=lj pRrfsf]6nufotsf ljBfnoaf6 dfcf]jfbLn] ljBfyL{ / lzIfsnfO{ nu]sf x'g\ . !% lbg] ljz]if cleofg eGb} ;of}+ ljBfyL{ / lzIfsnfO{ nu]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . ckx/0fsf 36gfkl5 clxn] tL ljBfnox¿ aGb 5g\ .

uf]k3f6af6 lbkfon k'u]sf Ps lzIfsn] gfd gvf]Ng] ;t{df eg]–…P;Pn;L glhls"b} u/]sf a]nf dfcf]jfbLn] ljBfyL{ nu], ca slxn] kmsf{pg] x'g yfxf 5}g . dfcf]jfbLn] ljBfyL{, lzIfs ckx/0f u/]/ s] ug{ vf]h]sf x'g a'‰g ;lsPsf] 5}g .Ú :s'n uPsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ :s'naf6} dfcf]jfbLn] nu]kl5 cleefjsx¿df ?jfaf;L rn]sf] 5 . Ps cleefjsn] eg]– …5f]/f] xfkm ;6{d} :s'n uPsf] lyof], ca sxf vf]Hg hfp“ †Ú dfcf]jfbLn] o;cl3 klg o; If]qaf6 k6s–k6s ljBfyL{ / lzIfsnfO{ cleofgdf nlu;s]sf 5g\ . :s'naf6 dfcf]jfbLn] ljBfyL{ n}hfg yfn]kl5 cleefjsx¿ 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ :s'n k9fpg cGsgfp“5g\ .

otf, ;'/Iffkmf}hn] ut k'; ! ut] dfcf]jfbL cfzÍfdf l;nu'8Ldf bLks zf]v gfdsf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . rx/f rf}tf/f rGg' 8f“8f 3/ eO{ gful/stf agfpg l;nu'8L cfPsf bLksnfO{ gful/stf agfP/ 3/ kms{g nfu]sf] a]nf ;]gfn] kqmfp u/]sf] pgsL cfdfn] atfPsL l5g\ . ;'grf“bLsf] uxgf agfpg] k];fdf ;+nUg zf]vkl/jf/n] ;]gfn] bLksnfO{ kqmfp u/]kl5 s'6lk6 u/]sf] / e]6\g;d]t glbPsf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . ;]gfn] kqmfp u/]sf bLksnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf a'emfPsf] 5 . rx/f rf}tf/f dfcf]jfbL k|efljt If]q ePsf] / bLks blnt ePsf] / dfcf]jfbLdf blntx?sf] ;+nUgtf a9L /x]sf sf/0f klg ;'/Iffkmf}hn] pgnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cfzÍfdf kqmfp u/]sf] x'g;Sg] cg'dfg :yfgLo dfgjflwsf/jfbLx?sf] 5 . bLkssf] kl/jf/n] pgsf] dfcf]jfbL;“u s'g} ;DaGw g/x]sf] atfp“b} e]6 ug{ / l/xfOsf] nflu kxn ul/lbg :yfgLo dfgjflwsf/jfbLx?;“u cg'go u/] klg xfn;Dd s'g} 7f]; k|df0f gePsf] bLkssL cfdf b'uf{ zf]vn] atfPsL l5g\ . t/, k|x/Ln] eg] bLksnfO{ s'6lk6 ul/Psf] eÌ] cf/f]k c:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .

SofG;/sf] cf}iflw nf]7;Nnf] ljgfzlt/

nf]7;Nnf, s]xL jif{cufl8;Dd tfKn]h'ªjf;Lsf nflu ufO{a:t'sf] ;f]Q/dfq lyof] . t/, ha pgLx¿n] o;sf] dxŒj a'em], s]xLn] o;sf] Jofj;flos v]tL u/]/ sdfO ug{ yfn] eg] af“sLrflx" o;sf] t:s/L u/]/ sdfpg yfn] .

k|f0f3fts SofG;/ /f]usf] cr's cf}iflw yfxf ePkl5 ls;fgx¿ nf]7;Nnf g;{/Ldf pdf/]/ v]taf/Ld} /f]Kg yfn]sf x'g\ . t/, csf{lt/ jgdf nf]7;Nnf ;Íns / k|zf]wgstf{n] ;b'kof]u / ;+/If0fdf Wofg glb"bf la:tf/} nf]k x'"b} uPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf @@)) b]lv #*)) ld6/ prfO;Dd kfOg] nf]7;Nnfsf] kft ;Íng u/L SofG;/sf] cf}iflw agfOG5 . g]kfnsf #( kxf8L tyf lxdfnL lhNnfdf kfOg] of] jg:klt ef/t / rLgdf ;d]t kfOG5 . t/, tL d'n'sdf ;Íng÷k|zf]wgdf k|ltaGw 5 . /, o;sf] df/ eg] g]kfndf k/]sf] 5 . oxf“ ;Íng ul/Psf nf]7;Nnf clwsf+z ef/tdf lgsf;L x'G5 . s]xL k|ltztdfq g]kfnsf] 8fa/ sDkgLdf vkt x'g] Joj;foLx¿ atfp“5g\ .

s]xL jif{cl3;Dd 8fn] 3f“; / ;f]Q/sf ¿kdf lnOg] nf]7;Nnf kl5Nnf] ;dodf SofG;/sf nflu cr's cf}iflwdf klxrfg ePkl5 clgolGqt ;Íng ;'? eof] . o;n] nf]7;Nnf ljgfz x'g] ;Defjgf a9]sf] :yfgLo lj1x¿ atfp“5g\ . o;sf] kft k]n]/ lgsflng] t]n g} b'n{e cf}iflw xf] . cf}iflwsf nflu kftdfq xf]Og, o;sf] af]qmf klg k|fs[lts /Ësf nflu plQs} pkof]uL 5 . log} pkof]lutfsf sf/0f o; If]qsf afl;Gbfn] of] jg:kltsf] /ftf/ft lgsf;Ltkm{ dfq Wofg lbO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] ;+/If0fdf vf;u/L jg;“u ;DalGwtx¿dfq nfluk/]sf 5g\ . hnhn] ;fd'bflos jgsf ;lrj 8Da/ r'8fnsf cg';f/, o;If]qdf kfOg] nf]7;Nnf cj}wflgs ¿kdf rf]/L–lgsf;L x'"b}5 . rf]/Llgsf;L ePsf] b]Vbfb]Vb} klg ;z:q åGåsf sf/0f pTkGg c;xh kl/l:yltn] rf]/ ;dfTg g;s]sf] pkef]Qmfx¿ atfp“5g\ . oxf“sf h+undf lbgx'" *÷!) j6f ¿v 9fn]/ kft tyf af]qmf lgsf;L x'G5 .

of] k|hfltsf] kft tyf af]qmf g]kfnsf] 8fa/ sDkgLn] k|yd r/0fsf] Kofs u/L ef/tsf] snsQf lgsf;L u5{ . lhNnf jg sfof{nosf /]Gh/ jlsns'df/ d08nsf cg';f/ nf]7;NnfnfO{ cd]l/sfsf] vfB tyf cf}iflw k|zf;gn] ;g\ !((# b]lv -6]S;f]n_ ca'{b /f]u -vf;u/L dlxnfsf] kf7]3/ / :tg SofG;/sf]_ cf}iflwsf ¿kdf dfGotf lbPsf] xf] . o;sf ;fy}, o;nfO{ 5fnfsf] ca'{b /f]u / cGo uf“7fuf“7Lsf nflu ;d]t nfebfos dflgPsf] 5 . k|ltjif{ @%) lsnf]u|fd 6]S;f]n ljZjdf kf7]3/sf] ca'{b /f]u pkrf/df cfjZos k5{ . of] cfjZostfsf] k"lt{ nf]7–;Nnfsf kftaf6 dfq ug{ ;lsg] hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmd ;+v'jf;efn] k|sflzt u/]sf] nf]7;Nnf Joj:yfkg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .

$)) O{=k"= jif{klxn] g} r/sn] w]/} /f]u -s7f]/ /f]u_ lgsf] kfg{ nf]7;Nnfsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . 6\ofS;]O{ jfg:kflts kl/jf/cGtu{t kg]{ of] la?jf vf;u/L ck:df/ -lduL{_, ;'Svf vf]sL, a"9f] vf]sL, Zjf;–k|Zjf;;DaGwL, bd, 5f/] /f]u, k]6;DaGwL, 6fpsf] b'Vg], emf8fkvfnf, /Qmrfk cflb /f]udf kmfObf ub{5 . skmnfO{ kufn]/ aflx/ lgsfNg] sfd ub{5 . o;sf] kft / kmnsf] af]qmf lgb|f nufpg], k]6 b'v]sf], bd, ?3fvf]sL / d"5f{ k/]sf] cj:yfdf k|of]u ubf{ lgbfg x'g] atfOPsf] 5 .

o:tf /f]u lgsf] kfg{ nf]7;Nnfsf] kft s'6]/ sk8f5fg u/L !÷! u|fd ldlxg w"nf] dxdf lkm6]/ ;f“em–laxfg s]xL lbg ;]jg u/]df /f]u lgsf] x'G5 .

;/sf/n] jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf &) …sÚn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L h}ljs ljljwtf / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu nf]7;Nnfsf] ;DaGwdf @)%* k'; !^ ut]b]lv nfu" x'g]u/L k|ltaGw nufPsf] eP klg lgsf;L qmd /f]lsPsf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] jg:klt ljefu jf h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg sDkgL lnld6]8sf] l;kmfl/;df cfÎgf] pTkfbgsf] xsdf afx]s jg ljefusf] :jLs[lt lnP/ g]kfn clw/fHoleq k|Zff]wg u/L k|zf]lwt ;fdfgdfq lgsf;L ug{ cg'dlt lbG5 . gq cGo cj:yfdf nf]7;Nnf lgsf;Ldf k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 .

zAb÷t:jL/M wd{k|;fb kf}8]n
-;fef/ M xfsfxfsL_

3}+6f]sf] nf]slk|otf a9\b}5

u'NdL . ufp“df vfg]kfgLsf] s'g} ;|f]t gx'"bf 306f}+ lx"8]/ kfgL cf];fg'{kg]{ afWotf af]s]sf ufp“n]x¿ ufp“df 3}+6f] agfpg] k|ljlw lelqPkl5 b¨ 5g\ . kfgLsf] cefj ef]Ub} cfPsf u'NdLsf ufp“x¿df clxn] 3}+6f] agfP/ kfgLsf] ;'/lIft e08f/ agfpg] nx/ g}
rn]sf] 5 .

kfgLsf] ;|f]t gePsf] 7fp“df jiff{b\sf] kfgL ;+sng ug{ lkmgNofG8 ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf ;~rflnt u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfn] :yfgLo ;d"x;“u ldn]/ Ps 7fp“df b'O{ xhf/ ln6/sf b'O{j6f;Dd 3}+6f] agfOlb"b} cfPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] ePsfn] klg ufp“–ufp“df kfgLsf nflu 3}+6f] agfpg ufp“n]x¿ pT;flxt b]lvPsf 5g\ . u'NdLsf] wf}wf uflj;af6 ;'? ePsf] of] 3}nf] sfo{qmdn] clxn] b'O{ xhf/eGbf a9L 3}+6f] agfO;s]sf] cfof]hgfsf cf]e/l;o/ e/t ;fksf]6f atfp“5g\ .

u'NdL lhNnfsf ljleGg uflj; w'sf]{6, /h:yn, aD3f, an]6S;f/ wf}3fnufotsf $% uflj;df nfu" ePsf] ;fksf]6f atfp“5g\ . :yfgLo gGbf/fd vgfnsf cg';f/– Ps 3/df @ j6f 3+}6f 5g\, vfgsf] nflu kfgL k'u]sf] 5 . sk8f w'gsf] nflu k"w]/f] wfp“5f}+ . of] t xfdLnfO{ a/bfg ;flat ePsf] 5 . t/, ldqL 7fs'/ hL;Lsf cg';f/ @ xhf/ ln6/sf] 3}+6f agfpg * af]/f l;d]G6, @% l6g afn'jf !@ b]lv !^ ld6/;Ddsf] s'v'/] hfnL ^, & s]hL Uoflag tf/ %) u|fd dl;gf] tf/ eP Pp6} 3}+6f] tof/ x'G5 . o;sf] nuft !) b]lv !@ xhf/;Dd nfUg] ld:qL atfp“5g\ .

dfcf]jfbL a9\g glbg ;'/Iffkmf}h b[9 †

t'n;f tfDnL

wgs'6f . klZrdaf6 k"j{s]lGb|t ag]sf] dfcf]jfbL …hgo'4Úsf] rk]6fdf k"jL{ rf/ kxf8L lhNnfdf klg k/]sf 5g\ . o; If]qdf sl/a kf“r jif{cl3af6 ;'? ePsf] dfcf]jfbL lx+;f klZrdsf] h:tf] u/L k}mng eg] ;s]sf] 5}g .

dfcf]jfbL k|efjsf] b[li6sf]0fn] x]g]{ xf] eg] k"j{sf rf/ kxf8L lhNnfdWo] ;+v'jf;ef cu|k+lQmdf k5{ . b'O{ jif{cl3 dfcf]jfbLåf/f ul/Psf] r}gk'/ cfqmd0faf6 o;sf] k'li6 x'G5 . To;kl5sf] k|efj ef]hk'/df kfOG5 . t]x|y'd k|efjsf] b[li6sf]0fn] t];|f] lhNnfdf kb{5 eg] cGo lhNnfsf] t'ngfdf wgs'6fdf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+u7g s]xL alnof] b]lvG5 .

s]xL ;dootf dfcf]jfbL o;If]qdf ;lqmo ag]sf 5g\ . To;}n] xfdL tof/ cj:yfdf a:g'kb{5, Ps ;}lgs clws[tn] eg] . t/ klg dfcf]jfbLn] sf]zL /fhdfu{sf] ;8s v08df cfqmd0f ul/5f8\of] . :yfgLo Ps kqsf/ o; If]qsf dfcf]jfbLleq d+uf]lnog hfltsf] afx'No /x]sf] atfp“5g\ .

To;f] t klZrdsf w]/} kmf}hL cfqmd0fsf] cg'ej a6'n]sf] atfOP klg dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/ ;'b[9Ls/0ftk{m nfu]sf] Ps k|x/L clws[tsf] egfO 5 . To;}n] xfdL a9L xf]l;of/ / rgfvf] /xg'kb{5, tL k|x/L clws[t eG5g\ .

kf“r jif{cl3 o; lhNnfdf e?jf aGb's ;Íng ug{ yfn]sf dfcf]jfbLsf xftdf olt a]nf PnPdhL, P;PdhL, hLkLPdhL, P–s] $& / y|L6g–y|L h:tf kl/;s]sf] ^ eg] pgLx¿ tflnd lng klg Jo:t 5g\ . dxf la|u]8 :t/sf] ;}lgs b:tf v8f ul/Psf] 5 . To;f] t lhNnfsf clwsf+z uflj; dfcf]jfbLs} sAhfdf /x];/x 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;a} ;lrjx¿nfO{ ;b/d'sfddf a:g afWo agfPsf 5g\ / uflj; sfof{nodf ;/sf/sf] xf]Og, dfcf]jfbLsf] tfnf 5 . xfn ;a} uflj; ;lrj, lhlj; / gu/kflnsfsf ;a} sd{rf/Lsf] /fhLgfdfsf] cfu|x ul//x]sf 5f}+, lhNnf ;]q]m6/L ;"o{ eG5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug{ klg o; lhNnfsf] ;'/Iff lgsfo g} k|d'v afws ag]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] 5 :yfgdf ;]gf t}gfy ePsf 5g\ . ^ g+= a'waf/], e]8]6f/, gfDh]l:yt 6L=eL= 6fj/, Toxf“s} b"/;~rf/ 6fj/, ;Nn]/L Aof/]s, lxn]l:yt @ g+= aflxgL c•f / lrKn]8f“8fsf] b"/;~rf/ l/lk6/ 6fj/df /x]sf ;]gfn] ubf{ pgLx¿n] ;f]r]sf] h:tf] cj:yf oxf“ aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . olt x'"bf–x'"b} klg !& ut] sf]zL /fhdfu{df cfqmd0f u/L !$ hjfg ;'/IffsdL{sf] xTof u/] . dfcf]jfbLn] xfn;Dd tLg lhNnfdf @ bh{g ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] xTof u/]sf 5g\ .

hftLo e]befjlj?4 sfo{qmd

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

8f]6L . ;a} kIfaf6 pk]lIft eO/x]sf blntx¿sf] pTyfgsf nflu ljBfno:t/af6 ;d]t hgr]tghf lbg] sfo{ ;'? ePsf] 5 . ;'hª Oªln; af]l8{ª :s'n /fhk'/n] æhftLo e]befj lj?4 xfd|f] cfjfhÆ gfds sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u¥of] .

sfo{qmddf cleefjs, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf kqsf/x¿sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . :jfut uLtaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;d ljsf; s]Gb|s} cleofg ;f+:s[lts ;d"xsf snfsf/x¿n] s8f ldlxg]t u/L blnt eP/ af“Rg'sf] kL8f gfds gf6s k|:t't u/L sl/a !% ;o bz{snfO{ ?g afWo kf/]sf lyP .

;'b"/ klZrdsf] 8f]6Ln] blntsf] hLjgdf cfwfl/t gf6s k|bz{g ug'{sf ;fy} e]befjlj?4sf uLt tyf g[To klg b]vfPsf lyP . pQm gf6sdf clego ug]{ snfsf/x¿ dgf]h afUrg, bLk]Gb| kl/of/, xl/x/ g]kfnL, ;flhz afUrg, ?Sdl0f kl/of/, ldng, afn snfsf/ ;'gLn afUrg lyP eg], syf kl/sNkgf lgb]{zs ldng tyf ;"qwf/df ;~hLj kl/of/ lyP .

sfo{qmddf cleefjs, kqsf/ tyf lzIfsx¿n] hftLo e]befjnfO{ x6fpg'kg]{ / @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf 5'jf5"tsf] e]befj ug'{ ;dfh / /fi6«sf] nflu klg afws /x]sf] s'/f JoQm u/]sf lyP .

sfo{qmddf g;{/Lb]lv dfWolds tx;Ddsf ljBfyL{sf] bf];|f] q}dfl;s k/LIffsf] glthf ;'gfpg'sf ;fy} sIffsf ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ Nofpg] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k'/:s[t ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy}, blnt ljBfyL{sf nflu cfufdL jif{b]lv #) k|ltzt sf]6f ;'/lIft ug]{, blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ;d]t Joj:yf ug]{ egL % a'"b] 3f]if0ffkq;d]t hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .

;d ljsf; s]Gb| 8f]6Lsf] ;xof]udf ;~rfng ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf ;efkltTj ;'hª :s'nsf efO; lk|lG;kn ;'af]w nfdfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;d ljsf; s]Gb|sf ;~hLj kl/of/ k|d'v cltly /xg'ePsf] lyof] .

;DaGwljR5]bkl5 bfOhf] lkmtf{sf] cfb]z

/fw]Zofd vltj8f

lrtjg . cbfntn] ljjfxkl5 >Ldfg\;“u ;DaGwljR5]b eO;s]sL h'g;'s} dlxnfnfO{ klg ljjfxdf NofPsf] bfOhf] lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ k}m;nf u/]sf] 5 .

klZrd lrtjgsf] kl6xfgL uflj;–@, a:g] ;/f]hf 9sfnn] cfÎgf] bfOhf] lkmtf{ u/fOkfp“ egL cbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf] d'2fdf GofofwLz lul//fh kf}8]nsf] Psn Ohnf;n] pQm k}m;nf u/]sf] xf] .

ljjfxkl5 >Ldfg\ dl0f/fd 9sfn;“u cnlUuP/ dfOtLdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfO/x]sL ;/f]hfn] @)^) ;fn efb| % ut] dl0f/fdlj?4 c+z;lxtsf] hfn;fhL d'2f bfo/ u/]sL lyOg\ . o;}aLr ;/f]hfn] dl0f/fdlj?4 ut j}zfv $ ut] bfOhf] lkmtf{ u/fOkfp“ egL cbfnt;dIf csf]{ d'2f bfo/ u/]sL lyOg\ .

ut h]7 !* ut] cbfntn] c+z;DaGwL d'2fdf k|ltjfbLsf tk{maf6 jfbLnfO{ c+z pknAw u/fpg] k}m;nf ;'gfPsf] lyof] eg] pQm k}m;nfdf hfn;fIfLsf] d'2fdf jfbLn] k|df0f k'¥ofpg g;s]sf] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . lrtjg lhNnf cbfntn] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ jfbLn] ! nfv !! xhf/ * ;o %@ ¿k}of“ a/fa/sf] bfOhf] ;fdfg ePsf] atfP klg cbfntn] bfo/ ePsf] ;fIfL / k|df0fx¿sf cfwf/df %% xhf/ ! ;o $) ¿k}of“a/fa/sf] bfOhf]sf ;fdfgx¿ lkmtf{ u/fpg k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 .

uPsf] j}zfv $ ut] bfo/ ePsf] ;DaGwljR5]bsf] pQm d'2fsf] cbfntn] @$ ut] g} k}m;nf ;'gfPsf] lyof] . ;DaGwljR5]b ePkl5 dlxnfn] bfOhf] lkmtf{ kfpg] cbfntL lgod laNs'n} gof“ / klxnf] d'2f ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . lrtjgsf] o; d'2fdf jfbLsf tk{maf6 clwjQmfåo z]ifz+s/ pk|]tL / k'mndfof /fgfef6 Pj+ k|ltjfbLsf tk{maf6 clwjQmf s[i0feQm kf]v|]nn] ax; ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

lrtjgdf lr¶Lkq cfjthfjt aGb

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

lrtjg . k6s–k6s ul/g] g]kfnaGb, rSsfhfd, gfsfaGbL, cfdx8\tfnsf] c;/af6 lrtjgsf] x'nfs sfof{no klg c5"tf] /xg ;s]g . nfdf] ;do;Dd o:tf aGbx¿ x'g] ePsf sf/0f lrtjgaf6 lr¶kq cf]xf]/–bf]xf]/ ub}{ cfPsf ;jf/L–;fwgx¿n] lr¶Lkq af]Sg gdfg]kl5 Ps dlxgfb]lv oxf“ cfpg / oxf“af6 aflx/ hfg aGb ePsf] 5 . o;/L crfgs va/ cfbfg–k|bfg x'g] x'nfs;]jf aGb ePkl5 lrtjgsf ;j{;fwf/0f dsf{df k/]sf 5g\ / ;DalGwt sfof{non] Wofg gk'¥ofPsf] eGb} pgLx¿ cfqmf]lzt ag]sf 5g\ . 8f“s;]jfn] d+l;/ !* ut]b]lv lr¶Lkq af]Sg 5f8]kl5 /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ^) k|ltzt lr¶Lx¿ cnkq k/]/ a;]sf 5g\ .

x'nfs ;]jf aGb ePkl5 cfk"m dsf{df k/]sf] atfp“b} e/tk'/sf ch'{g ;fksf]6fn] @) lbgcufl8 cfÎgf] bfh'n] cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ lr¶L k7fPsf] eP klg cfk"mn] clxn];Dd kfpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u/] . o;}u/L k"jL{ lrtjgsf /fdxl/ kf08] cfÎgf] a'afn] ljut 8]9 dlxgfcufl8 b'jO{af6 k7fPsf] lr¶L cfe}m;Dd kfpg g;s]sfn] ;DalGwt kIfn] nfrf/L b]vfPsf] eGb} cfqmf]z k|s6 u/] . klZrd lrtjgsL uLtfgu/lgjf;L k'ikf clwsf/Ln] cfÎgf] >Ldfg\n] b'O{ dlxgfcl3 dn]l;ofaf6 k7fPsf] lr¶L klg gkfPsf]df lgs} b'vL ag]sL l5g\ . x'nfs sd{rf/Lx¿ clxn] b]zljb]zsf nflu cfbfg–k|bfg x'g] lr¶Lkq ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf sfof{nodf g} 7Kk / /fhwfgLdf g} y'lk|Psf] atfp“5g\ . ;d:ofaf/] k6s–k6s ljefudf va/ ubf{ rf“8} g} uf8L ef8fdf lnP/ x'nfs ;]jf ;~rfngdf Nofpg] tof/L eO/x]sf] egL cfn6fn ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

dxf;+3 wg'iff zfvfsf] clwj]zg ;DkGg

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

wg'iff . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 wg'iff zfvfsf] 5}6f}+ clwj]zgaf6 ;efklt kbdf czf]s /f}lgof/ lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L kfif{b\df klg cl3Nnf jif{x¿df e}+m ;lqmo kqsf/x¿ k/f:t ePsf 5g\ .

dxf;+3sf] wg'iff zfvfsf u}/kqsf/x¿sf] hd36 / af]njfnf tf]8\g lgjt{dfg ;efklt j[hs'df/ ofbj ;lqmotfk"j{s nfu] klg ;kmn x'g ;s]gg\ . pgn] Ps ;o !@ ;b:odWo] %$ hgfsf] ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug{ l;kmfl/; u/] . t/, k|]; rf}tf/L wg'iff zfvfsf cWoIf pd]z zfxn] jfd ;dy{s / u}/kqsf/x¿n] gjLs/0f s]Gb|af6} u/]kl5 ;lqmo k|hftflGqs wf/sf kqsf/x¿ k/flht x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . ut k'; !& df ;DkGg wg'iff zfvf clwj]zgaf6 pk;efklt ch'{gaxfb'/ If]qL, ;lrj /fh]z s0f{ / sf]ifFWoIf ;/:jtL rf}w/L lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . To:t}, ;b:ox¿df ;ËLtf clwsf/L, pk]Gb|eut gfuj+zL, dbgnfn >]i7, /fddl0f vgfn, /]0f' emf, holszf]/ ofbj / pd]z emf lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

To:t}, s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw -kfif{b\_ df lgjf{lrt x'g]x¿df ;'lhts'df/ emf, /d]z/~hg emf, dgf]h zfx, /fde/f]if sfk8L, gj/fh a:g]t, /fh]Zj/ g]kfn, zLtn zfx, an/fd v8]n, ob'j+z emf, z+s/nfn >]i7, lji0f'dl0f vgfn, /fhs'df/ u'Ktf, /fh]Gb| emf / t'N;f cfrfo{ /x]sf 5g\ .

blntsf sfd eP–gePsf] vf]hL

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

wgs'6f . blnt Pstf ;dfh wgs'6fn] lhNnfsf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf sfof{nodf uO{ Toxf“ eO/x]sf blnt;DaGwLsf] sfdaf/] hfgsf/L lng] sfo{ yfn]sf] 5 . blntsf] kIfdf sfd ePsf] 5 ls 5}g / ePsf] eP s;/L ePsf] 5 < gePsf] eP lsg x'g ;s]g eGg] ;jfndf tL sfof{nox¿df uO{ blnt;DaGwLsf sfd–sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L lnPsf] s'/f ;dfhsf ;"rgf ljefusf ;+of]hs uf]kfn a/fOnLn] atfpg'eof] . ljleGg ;+3–;+:yfx¿n] blntx¿sf] kIfdf ljleGg sfd u/]sf] egL k|rf/afhL u/] klg blntsf] kIfdf ;sf/fTds sfd, sf/afxLx¿ gePsf] hgu'gf;f] a9]kl5 ;f] ;dfhsf] hfgsf/L lng ;'? u/]sf] xf] . hfgsf/L lng lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf k'u]sf] 6f]nLnfO{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L zDe'k|;fb l3ld/]n] blntsf] pÌlt / ljsf;sf] nflu ;xof]u ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] t/ pxf“n] blntx¿n] y/ kl/jt{g ubf{ cfÎgf] hftsf] cl:tTj e]l6g] x'"bf y/ kl/jt{g gug{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . a'waf/b]lv sfd ;'? u/]sf] z}nLsf] k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf sfof{nosf k|d'vx¿n] ;fgf–ltgf sfdnfO{ blntsf] sfd–sf/afxL ePsf] eGb} jfbljjfb ePklg 5nkmnsf qmddf cfufdL lbgx¿df blntsf] xs–lxt;DaGwL / ljsf;sf nflu sfo{qmd agfpg] k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] s'/f ;dfhsf ;+of]hs l8NnL s'"j/ bgf{nn] b]zfGt/nfO{ atfpg'eof] .

lrtjg dxf]T;j ef]lnb]lv ;'?

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

lrtjg . k|To]s b'O{ jif{df dgfOg] u/]sf] lrtjg dxf]T;j kf“rf}+k6s ef]lnb]lv ;'? x'"b}5 . gf/fo0fL gbLsf] lsgf/df cfof]hgf ul/g nfluPsf] ;f] dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] ug'{x'g] ePsf] 5 .

pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 gf/fo0fu9, lhlj; lrtjg, e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf, /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf / /Tggu/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;~rfng x'g nfu]sf] 5 . pQm dxf]T;jdf s[lif;“u ;DalGwt &) j6f, e]lxsn/ OlSjKd]G6sf @) j6f, ;"rgf k|ljlwsf @# j6f, x:tsnf;DaGwL $) j6f, ko{6g;DaGwL !@ j6f, lrqsnf / d"lt{snfsf !$ j6f, lzIff;DaGwL * j6f, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf !) j6f / ljljw Ps ;o ^ j6f u/L s'n # ;o %@ :6nx¿ /xg] dxf]T;jn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . dxf]T;jdf ljutsf jif{df ul/Psf] sfo{qmdx¿sf cnfjf o;k6s yk sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf k'; @& ut] …s'v'/fsf] /f]ulgbfg / lgoGq0fdf ;fe]mbf/L cjwf/0ffÚ ljifos /fli6«o uf]i7L / k'; @( ut] …dxsf] jt{dfg ahf/ cj:yf / ;DefjgfÚ ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf ;fy} df3 @ ut] 3/kfn'jf s's'/x¿sf] k|bz{gLsf] sfo{qmd;d]t /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . lrtjgsf ljleÌ hghfltx¿sf] ;+:s[lt emNsg] /xg;xg / ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx¿ / ;flxTo uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . dxf]T;jsf] lbg laxfg zflGtsf] ;Gb]z k}mnfpg] p2]Zon] a[xt\ zflGtofqf, zf]ef ofqf;d]t ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 .

kz'kltgu/df a}+s k'g:yf{kgf gx'"bf Joj;fo k|efljt

czf]ss'df/ afGtjf

kz'kltgu/ -Onfd_÷kz'kltgu/ cfqmd0fnuQ} ;fl/Psf] oxf“sf] /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s cem} k'g:yf{kgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s]Gb|n] ;f] a}+s k'g:yfkgf ug{ If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/nfO{ tLg dlxgfcl3 lgb]{zg lbP klg clxn];Dd k'g:yf{kgf gul/"bf :yfgLojf;Lx? cfqmf]lzt ePsf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLn] ut r}t @% ut] kz'kltgu/ cfqmd0f u/]nuQ} ;'/Iffsf sf/0f hgfp“b} oxf“sf] a}+s lkmSsn zfvf cfOtaf/]df uflePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 :yfgLo afl;Gbf, sfof{no k|d'vx¿ / ;'/Iff–lgsfon] ;d]t s]Gb| / :yfgLo k|zf;gdf a}+s k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu k6s–k6s dfu u/]sf lyP . ;fy}, Ifltu|:t a}+ssf] sfof{no klg nfvf}+ ?k}of“ nufP/ :yfgLo Jofkf/Lx¿n] dd{t ul/lbPkl5 s]Gb|n] ;f] lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] .

ef/tLo ;LdfIf]qdf /x]sf] Jofkfl/s s]Gb| kz'kltgu/df /x]sf] Psdfq a}+s cGoq} ;fl/Pkl5 oxf“sf Jofkf/L, ;j{;fwf/0f / ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿nfO{ ;d]t cfly{s sf/f]af/df sl7gfO ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL sf/0fn] s]Gb|Lo a}+s / cy{dGqfnodf klg k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu ub}{ oxf“sf] Ps 6f]nL 8]lnu];g uPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] Ifltu|:t ejg dd{t u/] tTsfn a}+s k'g:yf{kgf ul/lbg] hgfp“b} kq k7fPkl5 pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 kz'kltgu/n] tTsfn @ nfv %) xhf/ ?k}of“ nufgL u/]/ a}+ssf] ejg dd{t u/]sf] lyof] . dd{tkl5 s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/nfO{ uflePsf] zfvfnfO{ kz'kltgu/ ;fg]{ lgb]{zg lbP klg clxn];Dd ;'/;f/ gePsf] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 kz'kltgu/sf ;lrj ldng If]qLn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ lah'nL, vfg]kfgLb]lv lnP/ t'?Gt sfof{no ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] u/L cfÎg} k};f nufP/ dd{t ul/P klg clxn] a}+s /fVg] 5]s5Gb g} 5}g . olt ubf{ klg a}+s k'g:yf{kgf gePkl5 pgLx? cfÎgf] k};f lkmtf{ x'g'kg]{ dfu ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

nfdf] ;do;Dddf klg a}+s k'g:yf{kgf gul/"bf ef/tLo pkef]Qmfdf lge{/ kz'kltgu/sf Jofkf/LnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L df/ k/]sf] Jofkf/Lx?sf] u'gf;f] 5 . a}+s gePsfn] ;6xL ug{ latf{df]8 g} k'Ug'kg]{ / o;/L 7"nf] /sd af]s]/ nfdf] b"/L;Dd ;6xL / 8«fÎ6 ug{ hf“bf a9L hf]lvd df]Ng'kg]{ pgLx? atfp“5g\ . To;}u/L oxf“af6 ef/t k|j]z ug]{ g]kfnLnfO{ klg ;6xL ;'ljwf gx'"bf ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] 5 . kz'kltgu/df a}+ssf] cfÎg} !$ sf]7] kSsL ejg 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] o; sfof{nodf klg ad ljikmf]6 u/fO{ Iflt k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .

a}+s ;fl/Ps} sf/0f kz'kltu/sf 6]lnkmf]g / ljB't\ dx;'n sfpG6/ klg cfOtaf/]df ;fl/Pkl5 kz'kltgu/, cGt' / uf]v]{sf pkef]Qmfx? ;o ?k}of“sf] ef8f lt/]/ dx;'n ltg{ cfpg afWo 5g\ . c;L ?k}of“ dx;'n ltg{ ;o ?k}of“sf] ef8f ltbf{ cfkm"x¿ df/df kg]{ u/]sf] pkef]Qmfx? atfp“5g\ .

a}+s gx'"bf oxf“sf Jofkf/L / ;j{;fwf/0fx?n] dfq df/ v]Kg'k/]sf] 5}g . oxf“sf] ;/sf/L sfof{nonfO{ klg cfly{s sf/f]af/ ug{ sl7g ePsf] 5 . oxf“sf eG;f/ Sjf/]G6fOg, x'nfsh:tf sfof{nox?n] lbgel/ ;Íng u/]sf] /sd a}+sdf hDdf ug{ gkfp“bf hf]lvd df]Ng'k/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

;a}eGbf a9L ;f]nf/ ;]6 u''NdLdf h8fg

rGb|sfGt vgfn

u'NdL . ljB'tLo ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt u|fdL0f If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] j}slNks ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ;f}o{ pmhf{ -;f]nf/_ k|lt u'Nd]nL hgtfsf] nf]slk|otf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f clxn] g]kfn clw/fHodf ;a}eGbf a9L b'O{ xhf/ ^ ;o #$ j6f ;]6 h8fg ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

Psk6s nufgL u/]kl5 @)÷@% jif{;Dd nufgL ug{ gkg]{, dlxgf dlxgfdf lan a'emfpg' gkg]{ / ;/n k|ljlw ePsf sf/0f ;f}o{ pmhf{ nf]slk|o ePsf] pkef]Qmfx¿ atfp“5g\ . lhNnfsf w'sf]{6 /h:yn, afUnf, h}l;yf]s, l;;]{gL, ch]{, cDd/k'/, O:df, wld/, bnf{drf}/, zflGtk'/nufotsf ljleGg uflj;df ;of}+ pmhf{sf] k|of]u cTolws ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

tL uflj;x¿df hglk|o ;f]nf/, ;"of]{bo / wf}nflu/L ;f]nf/ sDkgLsf ;f]nf/x¿ h8fg ul/Psf 5g\ . ;f}o{ pmhf{af6 k|fKt x'g] ljB't\af6 /]l8of] ahfpg, 6]lnlehg x]g{, sDKo'6/ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] x'gfn] o;k|lt pkef]Qmfsf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] ;"of]{bo pmhf{ k|flnsf sfof{no k|d'v xl/ l3ld/] atfpg'x'G5 . u'NdLdf clxn] !@ jf6b]lv !%) jf6;Ddsf ;f]nf/ ;]6 h8fg u/L To;af6 sDKo'6/, 6L=eL=;d]t ;~rfng ul/Psf] u|fdL0f pmhf{ ljsf; sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f]nf/sf] Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df klg d"No km/s–km/s /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o dflnsf u|fdL0f ljsf;n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;f] ;+:yfsf cWoIf o'j/fh l3ld/]n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ u'NdLdf @ xhf/ ^ ;o $$ j6f h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'bfgsf] nflu j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|df gk'u]sf t/ lhNnfdf h8fg eO;s]sf o:tf ;]6sf] s]Gb|df tYofÍ gePsf] x'gfn] o;eGbf a9L klg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] hglk|o uf]a/ Uof“; Pj+ n]s÷a];L ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|f=ln=sf k|aGw–lgb]{zs /ljnfn cof{n atfpg'x'G5 .

lhNnfdf clxn] ;"of]{bo ;f]nf/ sDkgL n]s÷a];L, wf}nflu/L nf]6;nufotsf ;+:yfn] ;lqmo ;+nUgtf b]vfPsf 5g\ . ljB't\sf] s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f gk'u]sf] n3' hnljB't\ klg gePsf] 7fp“df cToGt} pkof]uL / Psdfq ljsNk /x]sf] x'gfn] o;nfO{ ;/sf/n] s[lif ljsf; a}+s, /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+saf6 ;xof]u lb"b} cfPsf] 5 . xfn u'NdL lhNnfdf Ps ;]6df % xhf/ ^ o;sf] cg'bfg lb"b} cfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o dflnsf u|fdL0f ljsf;sf o'j/fh l3ld/]n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/, xfn;Dd clw/fHoe/ $@ xhf/ $ ;o ($ j6f ;]6 h8fg ul/Psf] / To;af6 # nfveGbf a9L hgtf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .

cu|jfnsf] sf/afxLkl5 Joj;foLx¿ q:t

b]zfGt/ ;+jfbbftf

lj/f6gu/ . clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lwtf]sf] clws d"NofÍg u/fP/ shf{ lnPsf] cf/f]kdf lwtf]sf] clws d"NofÍg u/fP/ shf{ lnPsf] cf/f]kdf pBf]uklt tyf Jofkf/L ;'af]w cu|jfn;lxt rf/ bfh'efOnfO{ kqmfp u/]kl5 :yfgLo pBf]uklt tyf Jofkf/Lx¿df v}nfa}nf dlRrPsf] 5 . kqmfp ul/Psf cu|jfnaGw'x¿;“u clVtof/n] *% s/f]8 w/f}6L dfu u/]sf] lyof] . dfu ul/Psf] w/f}6L /fVg g;Sg] hgfPkl5 pgLx¿nfO{ lx/f;tdf /fvL sf/afxL cufl8 a9fOPsf] hfgsf/L clVtof/ ;"qn] lbPsf] 5 . cGgk"0f{ ;d"xsf ¿kdf lrlgg] ;'af]w cu|jfn bfh' ePsf] cfwfbh{geGbf a9L pBf]u–Joj;fox¿ ;~rflnt 5g\ . of] ;d"xn] /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s /fgL zfvfaf6 pBf]usf gfddf C0f ln"bf cTolws a9L d"NofÍg u/fO{ C0f lnP/ C0f ltg{ a]jf:tf u/]sf] cf/f]kdf clVtof/n] kqmfp u/L sf/afxL ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .

lj/f6gu/sf rlr{t Joj;foLsf ¿kdf /x]sf cu|jfn bfh'efOdfly clVtof/n] sf/afxL ;'? u/]kl5 :yfgLo Joj;foLx¿sf] 5ftf–;Ë7g df]/ª pBf]u ;+3 / df]/ª Jofkf/ ;+3n] sf/afxLsf] lj/f]w ub}{ lj1lKt hf/L u/]sf 5g\ . lj1lKtdf pBf]ukltx¿nfO{ ef}lts sf/afxL gu/L lgoldt k|lqmofåf/f C0fL c;'nL ug'{kg]{, lgoGq0fdf lnO{ sf/afxL ubf{ ;~rfnssf] ;fvdf wSsf k'Ug] / pgLx¿nfO{ yk cfly{s ef/ kg]{ ePsfn] o:tf] sfo{ gug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .

a}+s;“u lnPsf] shf{ gltg]{ l8kmN6/x¿nfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fvL sf/afxL ug]{ ax; / bafa rln/x]sf] ;dodf clVtof/n] PsfPs cGgk"0f{ ;d"xsf ;~rfns cu|jfn bfh'efOnfO{ kqmfp u/L lx/f;tdf /fv]kl5 shf{ gltg]{ Joj;foLx¿ ql;t x'g k'usf 5g\ . lj/f6gu/df o; lsl;dsf] sf/afxLdf cGo y'k|} Joj;foLx¿;d]t kg{ ;Sg] bfaL ;Da4 Joj;foLx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf cg';f/, ;'/Iffsf nflu /flvg] lwtf] clws d"NofÍg u/L shf{ lng] sfo{df k|foM ;a} Joj;foLx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . t/, cu|jfn bfh'efOx¿sf] cfk;L v6\k6 / k'"hL ef/ttkm{ nu]sf] rrf{ w]/} cl3b]lv g} rNb} cfPsf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] g]kfndf lnPsf] C0f / cfh{g u/]sf] clwsf+z /sd ef/tsf] l;nu'8L, d'hÎ/k'/ / snsQf k'¥ofO{ cfkm"nfO{ lbjflnof ePsf] b]vfpg] k|of; u/]sf] cf/f]k :yfgLo hfgsf/ Joj;foLx¿n] nufPsf 5g\ . cu|jfnsf rf/ bfh'efOdWo] ;'af]w, ;'/]z, ls;g / bfdf]b/dWo] bfdf]b/ o;cl3 g} ef/ttk{m km/f/ eO;s]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . cGo klg efUg] tof/L ul//x]sf] ph'/L k/]kl5 clVtof/n] sf/afxL u/]sf] ;Da4 ;"qsf] egfO 5 .

o;cl3 klg lj/f6gu/df sfo{/t ef/tLod"nsf Joj;foL ljgf]b cu|jfn a}+ssf] s/f]8f}+sf] shf{ glt/L ef/ttkm{ km/f/ ePsf] :yfgLo Jofkf/Lx¿ atfp“5g\ .

clws C0f :jLs[t u/L a}+s 7uL ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf] cf/f]kdf cl:t laxLaf/ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s /fgL zfvfsf tTsfnLg n]vf k|aGws e}/jk|;fb kf]v/]nnfO{ clVtof/n] lj/f6gu/–!! l:yt cfÎg} lgjf;af6 kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . kf]v/]nnfO{ kqmfp ul/Pkl5 sf/afxLsf] nx/f] alNemb} uPsf] cg'dfg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . a}+s C0fLdfly 7uLsf] cf/f]kdf sf/afxL ug{ clVtof/n] ;lqmotf b]vfPsf] of] clxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / klxnf] 36gf xf] . o;af6 ljgk'mn l8kmN6/x¿ h;n] shf{ ln"bf g} gltg]{ p2]Zon] lnPsf 5g\, To:tf C0fLx¿nfO{ ;d]t of] sf/afxLn] ;r]t u/fpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

klxnf] kfgf | dgf]/~hg | ;Dkfblso . cy{tGq | cg'ej÷cGtjftf{ | v]ns'b | ;flxTo ;/f]j/ | ljrf/÷laZn]if0f | b]z÷b]zfj/ | k|ltls|of